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Sankaran DG, Zhu H, Maymi VI, Forlastro IM, Jiang Y, Laniewski N, Scheible KM, Rudd BD, Grimson AW. Gene Regulatory Programs that Specify Age-Related Differences during Thymocyte Development. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.14.599011. [PMID: 38948840 PMCID: PMC11212896 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.14.599011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
T cell development is fundamental to immune system establishment, yet how this development changes with age remains poorly understood. Here, we construct a transcriptional and epigenetic atlas of T cell developmental programs in neonatal and adult mice, revealing the ontogeny of divergent gene regulatory programs and their link to age-related differences in phenotype and function. Specifically, we identify a gene module that diverges with age from the earliest stages of genesis and includes programs that govern effector response and cell cycle regulation. Moreover, we reveal that neonates possess more accessible chromatin during early thymocyte development, likely establishing poised gene expression programs that manifest later in thymocyte development. Finally, we leverage this atlas, employing a CRISPR-based perturbation approach coupled with single-cell RNA sequencing as a readout to uncover a conserved transcriptional regulator, Zbtb20, that contributes to age-dependent differences in T cell development. Altogether, our study defines transcriptional and epigenetic programs that regulate age-specific differences in T cell development.
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2
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Tillé L, Cropp D, Charmoy M, Reichenbach P, Andreatta M, Wyss T, Bodley G, Crespo I, Nassiri S, Lourenco J, Leblond MM, Lopez-Rodriguez C, Speiser DE, Coukos G, Irving M, Carmona SJ, Held W, Verdeil G. Activation of the transcription factor NFAT5 in the tumor microenvironment enforces CD8 + T cell exhaustion. Nat Immunol 2023; 24:1645-1653. [PMID: 37709986 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01614-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Persistent exposure to antigen during chronic infection or cancer renders T cells dysfunctional. The molecular mechanisms regulating this state of exhaustion are thought to be common in infection and cancer, despite obvious differences in their microenvironments. Here we found that NFAT5, an NFAT family transcription factor that lacks an AP-1 docking site, was highly expressed in exhausted CD8+ T cells in the context of chronic infections and tumors but was selectively required in tumor-induced CD8+ T cell exhaustion. Overexpression of NFAT5 in CD8+ T cells reduced tumor control, while deletion of NFAT5 improved tumor control by promoting the accumulation of tumor-specific CD8+ T cells that had reduced expression of the exhaustion-associated proteins TOX and PD-1 and produced more cytokines, such as IFNɣ and TNF, than cells with wild-type levels of NFAT5, specifically in the precursor exhausted PD-1+TCF1+TIM-3-CD8+ T cell population. NFAT5 did not promote T cell exhaustion during chronic infection with clone 13 of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. Expression of NFAT5 was induced by TCR triggering, but its transcriptional activity was specific to the tumor microenvironment and required hyperosmolarity. Thus, NFAT5 promoted the exhaustion of CD8+ T cells in a tumor-selective fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure Tillé
- Department of Oncology, UNIL CHUV, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Cropp
- Department of Oncology, UNIL CHUV, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mélanie Charmoy
- Department of Oncology, UNIL CHUV, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Reichenbach
- Department of Oncology, UNIL CHUV, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Massimo Andreatta
- Department of Oncology, UNIL CHUV, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tania Wyss
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gabrielle Bodley
- Department of Oncology, UNIL CHUV, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Isaac Crespo
- Department of Oncology, UNIL CHUV, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sina Nassiri
- Department of Oncology, UNIL CHUV, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Joao Lourenco
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marine M Leblond
- Department of Oncology, UNIL CHUV, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Cristina Lopez-Rodriguez
- Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel E Speiser
- Department of Oncology, UNIL CHUV, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - George Coukos
- Department of Oncology, UNIL CHUV, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Melita Irving
- Department of Oncology, UNIL CHUV, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Santiago J Carmona
- Department of Oncology, UNIL CHUV, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Werner Held
- Department of Oncology, UNIL CHUV, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Grégory Verdeil
- Department of Oncology, UNIL CHUV, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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3
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Inhibiting NFAT5 With KRN2 Mitigates Acute Allograft Rejection in a Murine Heart Transplantation Model. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2023; 81:212-220. [PMID: 36651978 PMCID: PMC9988219 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Despite advancements in immunosuppressive therapy, acute allograft rejection remains an important challenge for heart transplantation patients. Nuclear factor of activated T-cells 5 (NFAT5), a member of the family of Rel homology domain-containing factors that plays an important role in regulating immune responses of T lymphocytes, may be closely associated with cardiac rejection. KRN2, as a specific inhibitor of NFAT5, is injected intraperitoneally daily starting from day 0 after murine heart transplantation. When compared with saline treatment, KRN2 treatment can improve allograft survival. Histologic examination revealed that the KRN2 treatment group experienced less-severe rejection, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay revealed lower levels of inflammatory cytokines in circulating serum. The proportion and number of T-cell subpopulations in the spleens were analyzed by flow cytometry. We found that KRN2 treatment reduced the proportions of CD4 + IFN-γ + , CD4 + IL-17A + , and CD4 + IL-4 + Th cells, whereas increasing CD4 + Foxp3 + Treg cells compared with the control group. These findings suggest that KRN2 attenuates acute allograft rejection by regulating CD4 + T lymphocyte responses. NFAT5 could be a promising therapeutic target for preventing acute allograft rejection.
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Lopez-Rivera DO, Castano-Jaramillo LM, Yamazaki-Nakashimada MA, Ramirez Uribe RMN, Corcuera Delgado CT, Ignorosa-Arellano KR, Medina-Torres EA, Berrón Ruiz L, Espinosa-Padilla SE, Scheffler-Mendoza SC, López-Velázquez G, Cruz-Munoz ME, Lugo Reyes SO. Not enough by half: NFAT5 haploinsufficiency in two patients with Epstein-Barr virus susceptibility. Front Immunol 2022; 13:959733. [PMID: 36238298 PMCID: PMC9552184 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.959733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The transcription factor Nuclear factor of activated T cells 5 (NFAT5), pivotal in immune regulation and function, can be induced by osmotic stress and tonicity-independent signals. Objective We aimed to investigate and characterize two unrelated patients with Epstein-Barr virus susceptibility and no known genetic etiology. Methods After informed consent, we reviewed the electronic charts, extracted genomic DNA, performed whole-exome sequencing, filtered, and prioritized their variants, and confirmed through Sanger sequencing, family segregation analysis, and some functional assays, including lymphoproliferation, cytotoxicity, and characterization of natural killer cells. Results We describe two cases of pediatric Mexican patients with rare heterozygous missense variants in NFAT5 and EBV susceptibility, a school-age girl with chronic-active infection of the liver and bowel, and a teenage boy who died of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Discussion NFAT5 is an important regulator of the immune response. NFAT5 haploinsufficiency has been described as an immunodeficiency syndrome affecting both innate and adaptive immunity. EBV susceptibility might be another manifestation in the spectrum of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Olivia Lopez-Rivera
- Molecular Immunology laboratory at the Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Lina Maria Castano-Jaramillo
- Pediatric Immunology Department, Fundación Hospital de la Misericordia (HOMI) Hospital de la Misericordia, Bogotá, Colombia
- Clinical Immunology Service, National Institute of Pediatrics, Health Secretariat, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Laura Berrón Ruiz
- Immune Deficiencies Laboratory, National Institute of Pediatrics, Health Secretariat, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sara Elva Espinosa-Padilla
- Immune Deficiencies Laboratory, National Institute of Pediatrics, Health Secretariat, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Gabriel López-Velázquez
- Immune Deficiencies Laboratory, National Institute of Pediatrics, Health Secretariat, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mario Ernesto Cruz-Munoz
- Molecular Immunology laboratory at the Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Saul O. Lugo Reyes
- Immune Deficiencies Laboratory, National Institute of Pediatrics, Health Secretariat, Mexico City, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Saul O. Lugo Reyes,
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Khandekar D, Dahunsi DO, Manzanera Esteve IV, Reid S, Rathmell JC, Titze J, Tiriveedhi V. Low-Salt Diet Reduces Anti-CTLA4 Mediated Systemic Immune-Related Adverse Events while Retaining Therapeutic Efficacy against Breast Cancer. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:810. [PMID: 35741331 PMCID: PMC9219826 DOI: 10.3390/biology11060810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy has revolutionized the breast cancer treatment landscape. However, ICI-induced systemic inflammatory immune-related adverse events (irAE) remain a major clinical challenge. Previous studies in our laboratory and others have demonstrated that a high-salt (HS) diet induces inflammatory activation of CD4+T cells leading to anti-tumor responses. In our current communication, we analyzed the impact of dietary salt modification on therapeutic and systemic outcomes in breast-tumor-bearing mice following anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA4) monoclonal antibody (mAb) based ICI therapy. As HS diet and anti-CTLA4 mAb both exert pro-inflammatory activation of CD4+T cells, we hypothesized that a combination of these would lead to enhanced irAE response, while low-salt (LS) diet through blunting peripheral inflammatory action of CD4+T cells would reduce irAE response. We utilized an orthotopic murine breast tumor model by injecting Py230 murine breast cancer cells into syngeneic C57Bl/6 mice. In an LS diet cohort, anti-CTLA4 mAb treatment significantly reduced tumor progression (day 35, 339 ± 121 mm3), as compared to isotype mAb (639 ± 163 mm3, p < 0.05). In an HS diet cohort, treatment with anti-CTLA4 reduced the survival rate (day 80, 2/15) compared to respective normal/regular salt (NS) diet cohort (8/15, p < 0.05). Further, HS plus anti-CTLA4 mAb caused an increased expression of inflammatory cytokines (IFNγ and IL-1β) in lung infiltrating and peripheral circulating CD4+T cells. This inflammatory activation of CD4+T cells in the HS plus anti-CTLA4 cohort was associated with the upregulation of inflammasome complex activity. However, an LS diet did not induce any significant irAE response in breast-tumor-bearing mice upon treatment with anti-CTLA4 mAb, thus suggesting the role of high-salt diet in irAE response. Importantly, CD4-specific knock out of osmosensitive transcription factor NFAT5 using CD4cre/creNFAT5flox/flox transgenic mice caused a downregulation of high-salt-mediated inflammatory activation of CD4+T cells and irAE response. Taken together, our data suggest that LS diet inhibits the anti-CTLA4 mAb-induced irAE response while retaining its anti-tumor efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durga Khandekar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN 37209, USA;
| | - Debolanle O. Dahunsi
- Department Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (D.O.D.); (J.C.R.)
| | | | - Sonya Reid
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA;
| | - Jeffrey C. Rathmell
- Department Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (D.O.D.); (J.C.R.)
| | - Jens Titze
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore;
- Division of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Venkataswarup Tiriveedhi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN 37209, USA;
- Division of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
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Wang X, Jiao A, Sun L, Li W, Yang B, Su Y, Ding R, Zhang C, Liu H, Yang X, Sun C, Zhang B. Zinc finger protein Zfp335 controls early T cell development and survival through β-selection-dependent and -independent mechanisms. eLife 2022; 11:75508. [PMID: 35113015 PMCID: PMC8871394 DOI: 10.7554/elife.75508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
T-cell development in the thymus undergoes the process of differentiation, selective proliferation, and survival from CD4−CD8− double negative (DN) stage to CD4+CD8+ double positive (DP) stage prior to the formation of CD4+ helper and CD8+ cytolytic T cells ready for circulation. Each developmental stage is tightly regulated by sequentially operating molecular networks, of which only limited numbers of transcription regulators have been deciphered. Here, we identified Zfp335 transcription factor as a new player in the regulatory network controlling thymocyte development in mice. We demonstrate that Zfp335 intrinsically controls DN to DP transition, as T-cell-specific deficiency in Zfp335 leads to a substantial accumulation of DN3 along with reduction of DP, CD4+, and CD8+ thymocytes. This developmental blockade at DN stage results from the impaired intracellular TCRβ (iTCRβ) expression as well as increased susceptibility to apoptosis in thymocytes. Transcriptomic and ChIP-seq analyses revealed a direct regulation of transcription factors Bcl6 and Rorc by Zfp335. Importantly, enhanced expression of TCRβ and Bcl6/Rorc restores the developmental defect during DN3 to DN4 transition and improves thymocytes survival, respectively. These findings identify a critical role of Zfp335 in controlling T-cell development by maintaining iTCRβ expression-mediated β-selection and independently activating cell survival signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Anjun Jiao
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lina Sun
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wenhua Li
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Biao Yang
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yanhong Su
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Renyi Ding
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Cangang Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Haiyan Liu
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chenming Sun
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Baojun Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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7
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Sana I, Mantione ME, Angelillo P, Muzio M. Role of NFAT in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia and Other B-Cell Malignancies. Front Oncol 2021; 11:651057. [PMID: 33869054 PMCID: PMC8047411 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.651057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years significant progress has been made in the clinical management of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) as well as other B-cell malignancies; targeting proximal B-cell receptor signaling molecules such as Bruton Tyrosine Kinase (BTK) and Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3Kδ) has emerged as a successful treatment strategy. Unfortunately, a proportion of patients are still not cured with available therapeutic options, thus efforts devoted to studying and identifying new potential druggable targets are warranted. B-cell receptor stimulation triggers a complex cascade of signaling events that eventually drives the activation of downstream transcription factors including Nuclear Factor of Activated T cells (NFAT). In this review, we summarize the literature on the expression and function of NFAT family members in CLL where NFAT is not only overexpressed but also constitutively activated; NFAT controls B-cell anergy and targeting this molecule using specific inhibitors impacts on CLL cell viability. Next, we extend our analysis on other mature B-cell lymphomas where a distinct pattern of expression and activation of NFAT is reported. We discuss the therapeutic potential of strategies aimed at targeting NFAT in B-cell malignancies not overlooking the fact that NFAT may play additional roles regulating the inflammatory microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilenia Sana
- Division of Experimental Oncology, San Raffaele Hospital IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Piera Angelillo
- Division of Experimental Oncology, San Raffaele Hospital IRCCS, Milano, Italy.,Lymphoma Unit, Department of Onco-Hematology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Muzio
- Division of Experimental Oncology, San Raffaele Hospital IRCCS, Milano, Italy
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8
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Zhu SY, Liu LL, Huang YQ, Li XW, Talukder M, Dai XY, Li YH, Li JL. In silico analysis of selenoprotein N (Gallus gallus): absence of EF-hand motif and the role of CUGS-helix domain in antioxidant protection. Metallomics 2021; 13:6132312. [PMID: 33693771 DOI: 10.1093/mtomcs/mfab004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Selenoprotein N (SEPN1) is critical to the normal muscular physiology. Mutation of SEPN1 can raise congenital muscular disorder in human. It is also central to maturation and structure of skeletal muscle in chicken. However, human SEPN1 contained an EF-hand motif, which was not found in chicken. And the biochemical and molecular characterization of chicken SEPN1 remains unclear. Hence, protein domains, transcription factors, and interactions of Ca2+ in SEPN1 were analyzed in silico to provide the divergence and homology between chicken and human in this work. The results showed that vertebrates' SEPN1 evolved from a common ancestor. Human and chicken's SEPN1 shared a conserved CUGS-helix domain with function in antioxidant protection. SEPN1 might be a downstream target of JNK pathway, and it could respond to multiple stresses. Human's SEPN1 might not combine with Ca2+ with a single EF-hand motif in calcium homeostasis, and chicken SEPN1 did not have the EF-hand motif in the prediction, indicating the EF-hand motif malfunctioned in chicken SEPN1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Yong Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | - Li-Li Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, P. R. China
| | - Yue-Qiang Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Wei Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | - Milton Talukder
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Barishal 8210, Bangladesh
| | - Xue-Yan Dai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Hua Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Long Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education, Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
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9
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Ninsuwon J, Waiyamitra P, Roongsitthichai A, Surachetpong W. Expressions of miR-155 and miR-181 and predictions of their structures and targets in pigs ( Sus scrofa). Vet World 2020; 13:1667-1673. [PMID: 33061243 PMCID: PMC7522940 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2020.1667-1673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are responsible for gene expression control at the post-transcription level in many species. Several miRNAs are required in the regulation of immune responses, such as B-cell differentiation, T-cell receptor signaling pathway, CD4+ T cell selection, and so on. Studies on miRNAs have been extensively conducted in humans and mice; however, reports relevant to miRNAs, especially miR-155 and miR-181, in pigs are limited. Consequently, the present study aimed to investigate the structures, target genes, and expressions of miR-155 and miR-181 in various porcine cells and tissues. Materials and Methods: Five healthy male pigs from a porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus-negative farm were studied. Before slaughter, blood samples were collected for peripheral blood mononuclear cell isolation. After slaughter, samples of spleen, lymph nodes, and forelimb muscles were collected. Both miR-155 and miR-181 were investigated for their structures with RNAfold web server, for their target genes from three online web servers, and for their expressions using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: The structures of miR-155 and miR-181 contained hairpins with free energies of −35.27 and −35.29 kcal/mole, respectively. Target gene prediction revealed that miR-155 had perfect complementarity with Socs1 and Mapk3k14, while miR-181 had perfect complementarity with Ddx3x, Nfat5, Foxp1, and Mpp5. PCR showed that both miRNAs were detectable from all investigated cells and tissues. Moreover, the highest expression of both miRNAs was found from the lymph node of the pigs. Conclusion: Both miR-155 and miR-181 might be involved with the regulation of porcine immune functions as both miRNAs were detected in several cells and tissues of the pigs. In addition, they had very high complementarities with the seed regions of several immune-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jirapat Ninsuwon
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Center for Advanced Studies for Agriculture and Food, Institute for Advanced Studies, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pitchaporn Waiyamitra
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Atthaporn Roongsitthichai
- Veterinary Clinic Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, Thailand.,Office of Academic Affairs, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, Thailand
| | - Win Surachetpong
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Center for Advanced Studies for Agriculture and Food, Institute for Advanced Studies, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
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10
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Dong Y, Bai J, Zhang Y, Zhou Y, Pan X, Li X, Zhou Q, Chen Y, Lai M, Mao B, Bian G, Feng J, Xie F, Chen B, Nakahata T, Zhang Y, Ma F. Alpha lipoic acid promotes development of hematopoietic progenitors derived from human embryonic stem cells by antagonizing ROS signals. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 108:1711-1725. [PMID: 32640500 PMCID: PMC7754144 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.1a0520-179r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Antagonism of ROS signaling can inhibit cell apoptosis and autophagy, thus favoring the maintenance and expansion of hematopoietic stem cells. Alpha lipoic acid (ALA), a small antioxidant molecule, affects cell apoptosis by lowering the ROS level. In this study, we show that ALA promoted production of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) derived hemogenic endothelial cells and hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells in vitro. Transcriptome analysis of hPSCs derived hemogenic endothelial cells showed that ALA promoted endothelial‐to‐hematopoietic transition by up‐regulating RUNX1, GFI1, GFI1B, MEIS2, and HIF1A and down‐regulating SOX17, TGFB1, TGFB2, TGFB3, TGFBR1, and TGFBR2. ALA also up‐regulated sensor genes of ROS signals, including HIF1A, FOXO1, FOXO3, ATM, PETEN, SIRT1, and SIRT3, during the process of hPSCs derived hemogenic endothelial cells generation. However, in more mature hPSC‐derived hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells, ALA reduced ROS levels and inhibited apoptosis. In particular, ALA enhanced development of hPSCs derived hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells by up‐regulating HIF1A in response to a hypoxic environment. Furthermore, addition of ALA in ex vivo culture greatly improved the maintenance of functional cord blood HSCs by in vivo transplantation assay. Our findings support the conjecture that ALA plays an important role in efficient regeneration of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells from hPSCs and maintenance of functional HSCs, providing insight into understanding of regeneration of early hematopoiesis for engineering clinically useful hPSCs derived hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells transplantation. Thus, ALA can be used in the study of hPSCs derived HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Dong
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Application, Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Chengdu, China
| | - Ju Bai
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Application, Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Chengdu, China
| | - Yimeng Zhang
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Application, Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Chengdu, China
| | - Ya Zhou
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Application, Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Chengdu, China
| | - Xu Pan
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Application, Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Application, Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Chengdu, China
| | - Qiongxiu Zhou
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Application, Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Chengdu, China
| | - Yijin Chen
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Application, Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Chengdu, China
| | - Mowen Lai
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Application, Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Chengdu, China
| | - Bin Mao
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Application, Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Chengdu, China
| | - Guohui Bian
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Application, Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Chengdu, China
| | - Jia Feng
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Application, Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Chengdu, China
| | - Fangxin Xie
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Application, Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Application, Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Chengdu, China
| | - Tatsutoshi Nakahata
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yonggang Zhang
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Application, Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Chengdu, China
| | - Feng Ma
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Application, Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Chengdu, China.,State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, CAMS & PUMC, Tianjin, China
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11
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Zhai S, Li M, Sun B, Han Y. Amelioration of Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Nephrotic Proteinuria by NFAT5 Depletion Involves Suppressed NF-κB Activity. Inflammation 2020; 42:1326-1335. [PMID: 30826989 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-019-00993-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) is characterized by proteinuria, in which podocyte dysfunction associated with NF-κB-mediated inflammation plays an important role. The nuclear factor of activated T cells 5 (NFAT5) has been shown to enhance NF-κB activity. However, whether NFAT5 is associated with proteinuria remains uncharacterized. NFAT5 is upregulated in the glomeruli in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mouse nephrotic proteinuria, as well as in LPS-treated podocytes in vitro. In addition, NFAT5 depletion improves filtration barrier function of LPS-treated podocytes in vitro. Mechanistically, NFAT5 depletion suppresses NF-κB activation and downstream proinflammatory reaction in LPS-treated podocytes, and moreover, NF-κB inhibition improves filtration barrier function of LPS-treated podocytes, suggesting that the suppressed NF-κB activity at least partly accounts for NFAT5 depletion-improved filtration barrier function. Furthermore, in vivo, depletion of NFAT5 suppresses NF-κB activity and ameliorates nephrotic proteinuria in LPS-treated mice. These findings suggest a protective role of NFAT5 depletion against LPS-induced nephrotic proteinuria and relate it to the suppression of NF-κB activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubo Zhai
- Department of Pediatric Nephropathy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun, 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Meina Li
- Department of Infection Control, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun, 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Baichao Sun
- Department of Pediatric Nephropathy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun, 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yanyan Han
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, No. 71 of Xin Min Street, Chang Chun, 130021, Jilin Province, China.
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12
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Hasan A, Kochumon S, Al-Ozairi E, Tuomilehto J, Al-Mulla F, Ahmad R. Correlation Profile of Suppression of Tumorigenicity 2 and/or Interleukin-33 with Biomarkers in the Adipose Tissue of Individuals with Different Metabolic States. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:3839-3859. [PMID: 33116731 PMCID: PMC7586022 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s251978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (ST2) has two main splice variants including a membrane bound (ST2) form, which activates the myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88)/nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway, and a secreted soluble form (sST2), which acts as a decoy receptor for ST2 ligand, interleukin (IL)-33. The IL-33/ST2 axis is protective against obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes (T2D). In humans, adipose tissue IL-33 displays distinct correlation profiles with glycated hemoglobin, ST2, and other immunometabolic mediators, depending on the glycemic health of the individuals. We determined whether adipose tissue ST2 displays distinct correlation profiles with immunometabolic mediators and whether ST2 and/or IL-33 are correlated with intracellular signaling molecules. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 91 adults with normal glycemia, prediabetes, and T2D were included. After measuring their anthropometric and biochemical parameters, subcutaneous adipose tissues were isolated and mRNA expression of biomarkers was measured. RESULTS In individuals with normal glycemia, adipose tissue ST2 was directly correlated with chemokine (C-C motif) ligand (CCL)-2, CCL5, IL-12, fibrinogen-like protein 2 (FGL2) and interferon regulatory factor (IRF)-4, but inversely correlated with cytochrome C oxidase subunit 7A1. IL-33 and ST2 were directly correlated with tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6), NF-κB, and nuclear factor of activated T-cells 5 (NFAT5). In individuals with prediabetes, ST2 was inversely correlated with IL-5, whereas IL-33 but not ST2 was directly correlated with MyD88 and NF-κB. In individuals with T2D, ST2 was directly correlated with CCL2, IL-1β, and IRF5. IL-33 and ST2 were directly correlated with MyD88, TRAF6, and NF-κB. CONCLUSION Adipose tissue ST2 and IL-33 show different correlation profiles with various immunometabolic biomarkers depending on the metabolic state of the individuals. Therefore, targeting the IL-33/ST2 axis might form the basis for novel therapies to combat metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Hasan
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
- Correspondence: Amal Hasan Email
| | - Shihab Kochumon
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Ebaa Al-Ozairi
- Clinical Research Unit, Medical Division, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Jaakko Tuomilehto
- Research Division, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- National School of Public Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fahd Al-Mulla
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Functional Genomics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Rasheed Ahmad
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
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13
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An integrated transcriptional switch at the β-selection checkpoint determines T cell survival, development and leukaemogenesis. Biochem Soc Trans 2019; 47:1077-1089. [DOI: 10.1042/bst20180414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
In T cell development, a pivotal decision-making stage, termed β-selection, integrates a TCRβ checkpoint to coordinate survival, proliferation and differentiation to an αβ T cell. Here, we review how transcriptional regulation coordinates fate determination in early T cell development to enable β-selection. Errors in this transcription control can trigger T cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. We describe how the β-selection checkpoint goes awry in leukaemic transformation.
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14
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Aramburu J, López-Rodríguez C. Regulation of Inflammatory Functions of Macrophages and T Lymphocytes by NFAT5. Front Immunol 2019; 10:535. [PMID: 30949179 PMCID: PMC6435587 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor NFAT5, also known as TonEBP, belongs to the family of Rel homology domain-containing factors, which comprises the NF-κB proteins and the calcineurin-dependent NFAT1 to NFAT4. NFAT5 shares several structural and functional features with other Rel-family factors, for instance it recognizes DNA elements with the same core sequence as those bound by NFAT1 to 4, and like NF-κB it responds to Toll-like receptors (TLR) and activates macrophage responses to microbial products. On the other hand, NFAT5 is quite unique among Rel-family factors as it can be activated by hyperosmotic stress caused by elevated concentrations of extracellular sodium ions. NFAT5 regulates specific genes but also others that are inducible by NF-κB and NFAT1 to 4. The ability of NFAT5 to do so in response to hypertonicity, microbial products, and inflammatory stimuli may extend the capabilities of immune cells to mount effective anti-pathogen responses in diverse microenvironment and signaling conditions. Recent studies identifying osmostress-dependent and -independent functions of NFAT5 have broadened our understanding of how NFAT5 may modulate immune function. In this review we focus on the role of NFAT5 in macrophages and T cells in different contexts, discussing findings from in vivo mouse models of NFAT5 deficiency and reviewing current knowledge on its mechanisms of regulation. Finally, we propose several questions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Aramburu
- Immunology Unit, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina López-Rodríguez
- Immunology Unit, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
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15
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Saadi W, Kermezli Y, Dao LTM, Mathieu E, Santiago-Algarra D, Manosalva I, Torres M, Belhocine M, Pradel L, Loriod B, Aribi M, Puthier D, Spicuglia S. A critical regulator of Bcl2 revealed by systematic transcript discovery of lncRNAs associated with T-cell differentiation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4707. [PMID: 30886319 PMCID: PMC6423290 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41247-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Normal T-cell differentiation requires a complex regulatory network which supports a series of maturation steps, including lineage commitment, T-cell receptor (TCR) gene rearrangement, and thymic positive and negative selection. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are difficult to assess due to limited T-cell models. Here we explore the use of the pro-T-cell line P5424 to study early T-cell differentiation. Stimulation of P5424 cells by the calcium ionophore ionomycin together with PMA resulted in gene regulation of T-cell differentiation and activation markers, partially mimicking the CD4-CD8- double negative (DN) to double positive (DP) transition and some aspects of subsequent T-cell maturation and activation. Global analysis of gene expression, along with kinetic experiments, revealed a significant association between the dynamic expression of coding genes and neighbor lncRNAs including many newly-discovered transcripts, thus suggesting potential co-regulation. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genetic deletion of Robnr, an inducible lncRNA located downstream of the anti-apoptotic gene Bcl2, demonstrated a critical role of the Robnr locus in the induction of Bcl2. Thus, the pro-T-cell line P5424 is a powerful model system to characterize regulatory networks involved in early T-cell differentiation and maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiam Saadi
- Aix-Marseille University, Inserm, TAGC, UMR1090, Marseille, France.,Equipe Labélisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Marseille, France.,Laboratory of Applied Molecular Biology and Immunology, W0414100, University of Tlemcen, Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Yasmina Kermezli
- Aix-Marseille University, Inserm, TAGC, UMR1090, Marseille, France.,Equipe Labélisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Marseille, France.,Laboratory of Applied Molecular Biology and Immunology, W0414100, University of Tlemcen, Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Lan T M Dao
- Aix-Marseille University, Inserm, TAGC, UMR1090, Marseille, France.,Equipe Labélisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Marseille, France.,Vinmec Research Institute of Stem cell and Gene technology (VRISG), Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Evelyne Mathieu
- Aix-Marseille University, Inserm, TAGC, UMR1090, Marseille, France.,Equipe Labélisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Marseille, France
| | - David Santiago-Algarra
- Aix-Marseille University, Inserm, TAGC, UMR1090, Marseille, France.,Equipe Labélisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Marseille, France
| | - Iris Manosalva
- Aix-Marseille University, Inserm, TAGC, UMR1090, Marseille, France.,Equipe Labélisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Marseille, France
| | - Magali Torres
- Aix-Marseille University, Inserm, TAGC, UMR1090, Marseille, France.,Equipe Labélisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Marseille, France
| | - Mohamed Belhocine
- Aix-Marseille University, Inserm, TAGC, UMR1090, Marseille, France.,Equipe Labélisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Marseille, France.,Molecular Biology and Genetics Laboratory, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Lydie Pradel
- Aix-Marseille University, Inserm, TAGC, UMR1090, Marseille, France.,Equipe Labélisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Marseille, France
| | - Beatrice Loriod
- Aix-Marseille University, Inserm, TAGC, UMR1090, Marseille, France
| | - Mourad Aribi
- Laboratory of Applied Molecular Biology and Immunology, W0414100, University of Tlemcen, Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Denis Puthier
- Aix-Marseille University, Inserm, TAGC, UMR1090, Marseille, France. .,Equipe Labélisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Marseille, France.
| | - Salvatore Spicuglia
- Aix-Marseille University, Inserm, TAGC, UMR1090, Marseille, France. .,Equipe Labélisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Marseille, France.
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16
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Lee N, Kim D, Kim WU. Role of NFAT5 in the Immune System and Pathogenesis of Autoimmune Diseases. Front Immunol 2019; 10:270. [PMID: 30873159 PMCID: PMC6401628 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT5), also known as a tonicity-responsive enhancer-binding protein, was originally identified as a key transcription factor involved in maintaining cellular homeostasis against hypertonic and hyperosmotic environments. Although NFAT5 has been expressed and studied in various types of hyperosmolar tissues, evidence has emerged that NFAT5 plays a role in the development and activation of immune cells, especially T cells and macrophages. The immune-regulatory function of NFAT5 is achieved by inducing different target genes and different signaling pathways in both tonicity-dependent and -independent manners. Particularly in response to hyperosmotic stress, NFAT5 induces the generation of pathogenic TH17 cells and pro-inflammatory macrophages, contributing to autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Meanwhile, with tonicity-independent stimuli, including activation of the Toll-like receptors and inflammatory cytokines, NFAT5 also can be activated and promotes immune cell survival, proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis. Moreover, under isotonic conditions, NFAT5 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a variety of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases including rheumatoid arthritis. This review describes the current knowledge of NFAT5, focusing on its immune-regulatory functions, and it highlights the importance of NFAT5 as a novel therapeutic target for chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naeun Lee
- Center for Integrative Rheumatoid Transcriptomics and Dynamics, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Donghyun Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute of Infectious Diseases, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Wan-Uk Kim
- Center for Integrative Rheumatoid Transcriptomics and Dynamics, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.,Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
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17
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Lee JU, Kim LK, Choi JM. Revisiting the Concept of Targeting NFAT to Control T Cell Immunity and Autoimmune Diseases. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2747. [PMID: 30538703 PMCID: PMC6277705 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) family of transcription factors, which includes NFAT1, NFAT2, and NFAT4, are well-known to play important roles in T cell activation. Most of NFAT proteins are controlled by calcium influx upon T cell receptor and costimulatory signaling results increase of IL-2 and IL-2 receptor. NFAT3 however is not shown to be expressed in T cells and NFAT5 has not much highlighted in T cell functions yet. Recent studies demonstrate that the NFAT family proteins involve in function of lineage-specific transcription factors during differentiation of T helper 1 (Th1), Th2, Th17, regulatory T (Treg), and follicular helper T cells (Tfh). They have been studied to make physical interaction with the other transcription factors like GATA3 or Foxp3 and they also regulate Th cell signature gene expressions by direct binding on promotor region of target genes. From last decades, NFAT functions in T cells have been targeted to develop immune modulatory drugs for controlling T cell immunity in autoimmune diseases like cyclosporine A, FK506, etc. Due to their undesirable side defects, only limited application is available in human diseases. This review focuses on the recent advances in development of NFAT targeting drug as well as our understanding of each NFAT family protein in T cell biology. We also discuss updated detail molecular mechanism of NFAT functions in T cells, which would lead us to suggest an idea for developing specific NFAT inhibitors as a therapeutic drug for autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Ung Lee
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea.,Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Li-Kyung Kim
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea.,Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Je-Min Choi
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea.,Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
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18
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Maeoka Y, Wu Y, Okamoto T, Kanemoto S, Guo XP, Saito A, Asada R, Matsuhisa K, Masaki T, Imaizumi K, Kaneko M. NFAT5 up-regulates expression of the kidney-specific ubiquitin ligase gene Rnf183 under hypertonic conditions in inner-medullary collecting duct cells. J Biol Chem 2018; 294:101-115. [PMID: 30413537 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.002896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that among the 37 RING finger protein (RNF) family members, RNF183 mRNA is specifically expressed in the kidney under normal conditions. However, the mechanism supporting its kidney-specific expression pattern remains unclear. In this study, we elucidated the mechanism of the transcriptional activation of murine Rnf183 in inner-medullary collecting duct cells. Experiments with anti-RNF183 antibody revealed that RNF183 is predominantly expressed in the renal medulla. Among the 37 RNF family members, Rnf183 mRNA expression was specifically increased in hypertonic conditions, a hallmark of the renal medulla. RNF183 up-regulation was consistent with the activation of nuclear factor of activated T cells 5 (NFAT5), a transcription factor essential for adaptation to hypertonic conditions. Accordingly, siRNA-mediated knockdown of NFAT5 down-regulated RNF183 expression. Furthermore, the -3,466 to -3,136-bp region upstream of the mouse Rnf183 promoter containing the NFAT5-binding motif is conserved among mammals. A luciferase-based reporter vector containing the NFAT5-binding site was activated in response to hypertonic stress, but was inhibited by a mutation at the NFAT5-binding site. ChIP assays revealed that the binding of NFAT5 to this DNA site is enhanced by hypertonic stress. Of note, siRNA-mediated RNF183 knockdown increased hypertonicity-induced caspase-3 activation and decreased viability of mIMCD-3 cells. These results indicate that (i) RNF183 is predominantly expressed in the normal renal medulla, (ii) NFAT5 stimulates transcriptional activation of Rnf183 by binding to its cognate binding motif in the Rnf183 promoter, and (iii) RNF183 protects renal medullary cells from hypertonicity-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiro Maeoka
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan; Department of Nephrology, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Takumi Okamoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Soshi Kanemoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan; Department of Functional Anatomy and Neuroscience, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1-1-1 Midorigaoka-higashi, Asahikawa, Hokkaido 078-8510, Japan
| | - Xiao Peng Guo
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Atsushi Saito
- Department of Stress Protein Processing, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Rie Asada
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan; Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Koji Matsuhisa
- Department of Stress Protein Processing, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Takao Masaki
- Department of Nephrology, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Kazunori Imaizumi
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan.
| | - Masayuki Kaneko
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan.
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19
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Buxadé M, Huerga Encabo H, Riera-Borrull M, Quintana-Gallardo L, López-Cotarelo P, Tellechea M, Martínez-Martínez S, Redondo JM, Martín-Caballero J, Flores JM, Bosch E, Rodríguez-Fernández JL, Aramburu J, López-Rodríguez C. Macrophage-specific MHCII expression is regulated by a remote Ciita enhancer controlled by NFAT5. J Exp Med 2018; 215:2901-2918. [PMID: 30327417 PMCID: PMC6219740 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20180314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
NFAT5 regulates macrophage MHCII expression by controlling the transcription of its coactivator Ciita through a remote enhancer. This mechanism differs from those previously found in DCs and B lymphocytes and distinguishes macrophages from these APC lineages. MHCII in antigen-presenting cells (APCs) is a key regulator of adaptive immune responses. Expression of MHCII genes is controlled by the transcription coactivator CIITA, itself regulated through cell type–specific promoters. Here we show that the transcription factor NFAT5 is needed for expression of Ciita and MHCII in macrophages, but not in dendritic cells and other APCs. NFAT5-deficient macrophages showed defective activation of MHCII-dependent responses in CD4+ T lymphocytes and attenuated capacity to elicit graft rejection in vivo. Ultrasequencing analysis of NFAT5-immunoprecipitated chromatin uncovered an NFAT5-regulated region distally upstream of Ciita. This region was required for CIITA and hence MHCII expression, exhibited NFAT5-dependent characteristics of active enhancers such as H3K27 acetylation marks, and required NFAT5 to interact with Ciita myeloid promoter I. Our results uncover an NFAT5-regulated mechanism that maintains CIITA and MHCII expression in macrophages and thus modulates their T lymphocyte priming capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Buxadé
- Immunology Unit, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, and Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hector Huerga Encabo
- Immunology Unit, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, and Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Riera-Borrull
- Immunology Unit, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, and Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lucía Quintana-Gallardo
- Immunology Unit, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, and Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pilar López-Cotarelo
- Departamento de Microbiología Molecular y Biología de las Infecciones, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica Tellechea
- Immunology Unit, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, and Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Martínez-Martínez
- Gene Regulation in Cardiovascular Remodeling and Inflammation Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Miguel Redondo
- Gene Regulation in Cardiovascular Remodeling and Inflammation Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Martín-Caballero
- Parc Cientific de Barcelona/Barcelona Biomedical Research Park Animal Facilities, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juana María Flores
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Bosch
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (Spanish National Research Council), Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Luis Rodríguez-Fernández
- Departamento de Microbiología Molecular y Biología de las Infecciones, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Aramburu
- Immunology Unit, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, and Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina López-Rodríguez
- Immunology Unit, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, and Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, Barcelona, Spain
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20
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Tellechea M, Buxadé M, Tejedor S, Aramburu J, López-Rodríguez C. NFAT5-Regulated Macrophage Polarization Supports the Proinflammatory Function of Macrophages and T Lymphocytes. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 200:305-315. [PMID: 29150563 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages are exquisite sensors of tissue homeostasis that can rapidly switch between pro- and anti-inflammatory or regulatory modes to respond to perturbations in their microenvironment. This functional plasticity involves a precise orchestration of gene expression patterns whose transcriptional regulators have not been fully characterized. We had previously identified the transcription factor NFAT5 as an activator of TLR-induced responses, and in this study we explore its contribution to macrophage functions in different polarization settings. We found that both in classically and alternatively polarized macrophages, NFAT5 enhanced functions associated with a proinflammatory profile such as bactericidal capacity and the ability to promote Th1 polarization over Th2 responses. In this regard, NFAT5 upregulated the Th1-stimulatory cytokine IL-12 in classically activated macrophages, whereas in alternatively polarized ones it enhanced the expression of the pro-Th1 mediators Fizz-1 and arginase 1, indicating that it could promote proinflammatory readiness by regulating independent genes in differently polarized macrophages. Finally, adoptive transfer assays in vivo revealed a reduced antitumor capacity in NFAT5-deficient macrophages against syngeneic Lewis lung carcinoma and ID8 ovarian carcinoma cells, a defect that in the ID8 model was associated with a reduced accumulation of effector CD8 T cells at the tumor site. Altogether, detailed analysis of the effect of NFAT5 in pro- and anti-inflammatory macrophages uncovered its ability to regulate distinct genes under both polarization modes and revealed its predominant role in promoting proinflammatory macrophage functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Tellechea
- Immunology Unit, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Buxadé
- Immunology Unit, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sonia Tejedor
- Immunology Unit, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose Aramburu
- Immunology Unit, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina López-Rodríguez
- Immunology Unit, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
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21
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Alberdi M, Iglesias M, Tejedor S, Merino R, López-Rodríguez C, Aramburu J. Context-dependent regulation of Th17-associated genes and IFNγ expression by the transcription factor NFAT5. Immunol Cell Biol 2016; 95:56-67. [PMID: 27479742 PMCID: PMC5215110 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2016.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Stress-activated transcription factors influence T-cell function in different physiopathologic contexts. NFAT5, a relative of nuclear factor κB and the calcineurin-activated NFATc transcription factors, protects mammalian cells from hyperosmotic stress caused by the elevation of extracellular sodium levels. In T cells exposed to hypernatremia, NFAT5 not only induces osmoprotective gene products but also cytokines and immune receptors, which raises the question of whether this factor could regulate other T-cell functions in osmostress-independent contexts. Here we have used mice with a conditional deletion of Nfat5 in mature T lymphocytes to explore osmostress-dependent and -independent functions of this factor. In vitro experiments with CD4 T cells stimulated in hyperosmotic medium showed that NFAT5 enhanced the expression of IL-2 and the Th17-associated gene products RORγt and IL-23R. By contrast, NFAT5-deficient CD4 T cells activated in vivo by anti-CD3 antibody exhibited a different activation profile and were skewed towards enhanced interferon γ (IFNγ) and IL-17 expression and attenuated Treg responses. Using a model of experimental colitis, we observed that mice lacking NFAT5 in T cells exhibited exacerbated intestinal colitis and enhanced expression of IFNγ in draining lymph nodes and colon. These results show that NFAT5 can modulate different T-cell responses depending on stress conditions and stimulatory context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Alberdi
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marcos Iglesias
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology of Cantabria (IBBTEC CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria), Santander, Spain
| | - Sonia Tejedor
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramón Merino
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology of Cantabria (IBBTEC CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria), Santander, Spain
| | | | - Jose Aramburu
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
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22
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Sun GP, Jiang T, Xie PF, Lan J. Identification of the disease-associated genes in periodontitis using the co-expression network. Mol Biol 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893316010192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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López-Rodríguez C, Aramburu J, Berga-Bolaños R. Transcription factors and target genes of pre-TCR signaling. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:2305-21. [PMID: 25702312 PMCID: PMC11113633 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-1864-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Revised: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Almost 30 years ago pioneering work by the laboratories of Harald von Boehmer and Susumo Tonegawa provided the first indications that developing thymocytes could assemble a functional TCRβ chain-containing receptor complex, the pre-TCR, before TCRα expression. The discovery and study of the pre-TCR complex revealed paradigms of signaling pathways in control of cell survival and proliferation, and culminated in the recognition of the multifunctional nature of this receptor. As a receptor integrated in a dynamic developmental process, the pre-TCR must be viewed not only in the light of the biological outcomes it promotes, but also in context with those molecular processes that drive its expression in thymocytes. This review article focuses on transcription factors and target genes activated by the pre-TCR to drive its different outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina López-Rodríguez
- Immunology Unit, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences and Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, C/Doctor Aiguader Nº88, 08003, Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain,
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Wang H, Ferraris JD, Klein JD, Sands JM, Burg MB, Zhou X. PKC-α contributes to high NaCl-induced activation of NFAT5 (TonEBP/OREBP) through MAPK ERK1/2. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2014; 308:F140-8. [PMID: 25391900 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00471.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
High NaCl in the renal medullary interstitial fluid powers the concentration of urine but can damage cells. The transcription factor nuclear factor of activated T cells 5 (NFAT5) activates the expression of osmoprotective genes. We studied whether PKC-α contributes to the activation of NFAT5. PKC-α protein abundance was greater in the renal medulla than in the cortex. Knockout of PKC-α reduced NFAT5 protein abundance and expression of its target genes in the inner medulla. In human embryonic kidney (HEK)-293 cells, high NaCl increased PKC-α activity, and small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of PKC-α attenuated high NaCl-induced NFAT5 transcriptional activity. Expression of ERK1/2 protein and phosphorylation of ERK1/2 were higher in the renal inner medulla than in the cortex. Knockout of PKC-α decreased ERK1/2 phosphorylation in the inner medulla, as did knockdown of PKC-α in HEK-293 cells. Also, knockdown of ERK2 reduced high NaCl-dependent NFAT5 transcriptional activity in HEK-293 cells. Combined knockdown of PKC-α and ERK2 had no greater effect than knockdown of either alone. Knockdown of either PKC-α or ERK2 reduced the high NaCl-induced increase of NFAT5 transactivating activity. We have previously found that the high NaCl-induced increase of phosphorylation of Ser(591) on Src homology 2 domain-containing phosphatase 1 (SHP-1-S591-P) contributes to the activation of NFAT5 in cell culture, and here we found high levels of SHP-1-S591-P in the inner medulla. PKC-α has been previously shown to increase SHP-1-S591-P, which raised the possibility that PKC-α might be acting through SHP-1. However, we did not find that knockout of PKC-α in the renal medulla or knockdown in HEK-293 cells affected SHP-1-S591-P. We conclude that PKC-α contributes to high NaCl-dependent activation of NFAT5 through ERK1/2 but not through SHP-1-S591.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wang
- Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Joan D Ferraris
- Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; and
| | - Janet D Klein
- Renal Division, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jeff M Sands
- Renal Division, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Maurice B Burg
- Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; and
| | - Xiaoming Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland;
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25
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Wang H, Ferraris JD, Klein JD, Sands JM, Burg MB, Zhou X. PKC-α contributes to high NaCl-induced activation of NFAT5 (TonEBP/OREBP) through MAPK ERK1/2. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2014. [PMID: 25391900 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
High NaCl in the renal medullary interstitial fluid powers the concentration of urine but can damage cells. The transcription factor nuclear factor of activated T cells 5 (NFAT5) activates the expression of osmoprotective genes. We studied whether PKC-α contributes to the activation of NFAT5. PKC-α protein abundance was greater in the renal medulla than in the cortex. Knockout of PKC-α reduced NFAT5 protein abundance and expression of its target genes in the inner medulla. In human embryonic kidney (HEK)-293 cells, high NaCl increased PKC-α activity, and small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of PKC-α attenuated high NaCl-induced NFAT5 transcriptional activity. Expression of ERK1/2 protein and phosphorylation of ERK1/2 were higher in the renal inner medulla than in the cortex. Knockout of PKC-α decreased ERK1/2 phosphorylation in the inner medulla, as did knockdown of PKC-α in HEK-293 cells. Also, knockdown of ERK2 reduced high NaCl-dependent NFAT5 transcriptional activity in HEK-293 cells. Combined knockdown of PKC-α and ERK2 had no greater effect than knockdown of either alone. Knockdown of either PKC-α or ERK2 reduced the high NaCl-induced increase of NFAT5 transactivating activity. We have previously found that the high NaCl-induced increase of phosphorylation of Ser(591) on Src homology 2 domain-containing phosphatase 1 (SHP-1-S591-P) contributes to the activation of NFAT5 in cell culture, and here we found high levels of SHP-1-S591-P in the inner medulla. PKC-α has been previously shown to increase SHP-1-S591-P, which raised the possibility that PKC-α might be acting through SHP-1. However, we did not find that knockout of PKC-α in the renal medulla or knockdown in HEK-293 cells affected SHP-1-S591-P. We conclude that PKC-α contributes to high NaCl-dependent activation of NFAT5 through ERK1/2 but not through SHP-1-S591.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wang
- Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Joan D Ferraris
- Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; and
| | - Janet D Klein
- Renal Division, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jeff M Sands
- Renal Division, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Maurice B Burg
- Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; and
| | - Xiaoming Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland;
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26
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Zhou X, Wang H, Koles NL, Zhang A, Aronson NE. Leishmania infantum-chagasi activates SHP-1 and reduces NFAT5/TonEBP activity in the mouse kidney inner medulla. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2014; 307:F516-24. [PMID: 24990897 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00006.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis patients have been reported to have a urine concentration defect. Concentration of urine by the renal inner medulla is essentially dependent on a transcription factor, NFAT5/TonEBP, because it activates expression of osmoprotective genes betaine/glycine transporter 1 (BGT1) and sodium/myo-inositol transporter (SMIT), and water channel aquaporin-2, all of which are imperative for concentrating urine. Leishmania parasites evade macrophage immune defenses by activating protein tyrosine phosphatases, among which SHP-1 is critical. We previously demonstrated that SHP-1 inhibits tonicity-dependent activation of NFAT5/TonEBP in HEK293 cells through screening a genome-wide small interfering (si) RNA library against phosphatases (Zhou X, Gallazzini M, Burg MB, Ferraris JD. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 107: 7072-7077, 2010). We sought to examine whether Leishmania can activate SHP-1 and inhibit NFAT5/TonEBP activity in the renal inner medulla in a murine model of visceral leishmaniasis by injection of female BALB/c mice with a single intravenous dose of 5 × 10(5) L. chagasi metacyclic promastigotes. We found that SHP-1 is expressed in the kidney inner medulla. L. chagasi activates SHP-1 with an increase in stimulatory phosphorylation of SHP-1-Y536 in the region. L. chagasi reduces expression of NFAT5/TonEBP mRNA and protein as well as expression of its targeted genes: BGT1, SMIT, and aquaporin-2. The culture supernatant from L. chagasi metacyclic promastigotes increases SHP-1 protein abundance and potently inhibits NFAT5 transcriptional activity in mIMCD3 cells. However, L. chagasi in our animal model has no significant effect on urinary concentration. We conclude that L. chagasi, most likely through its secreted virulence factors, activates SHP-1 and reduces NFAT5/TonEBP gene expression, which leads to reduced NFAT5/TonEBP transcriptional activity in the kidney inner medulla.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Nancy L Koles
- Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Aihong Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Naomi E Aronson
- Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
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27
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Pontin is required for pre-TCR signaling at the β-selection checkpoint in T cell development. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 447:44-50. [PMID: 24680824 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.03.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Pontin is a chromatin remodeling factor that possesses both ATPase and DNA helicase activities. Based on high expression in lymphoid tissues, we examined whether Pontin has a T cell-specific function. We generated Pontin(f/f);Lck-Cre mice, in which Pontin can be conditionally deleted in T cells and then explored T cell-specific function of Pontin in vivo. Here, we show that specific abrogation of Pontin expression in T cells almost completely blocked development of αβ T cells at the β-selection checkpoint by inducing cell apoptosis indicating that Pontin is essential for early T cell development. Pontin-deficient thymocytes show a comparable expression level of T cell receptor (TCR)β chain, but have enhanced activation of p53 and Notch signaling compared to wild-type thymocytes. Intriguingly, the developmental block of αβ T cells can be partially rescued by loss of p53. Together, our data demonstrate a novel role of Pontin as a crucial regulator in pre-TCR signaling during T cell development.
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