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Shen L, Zhong X, Ji H, Yang S, Jin J, Lyu C, Ren Y, Xiao Y, Zhang Y, Fang S, Lin N, Tou J, Shu Q, Lai D. Macrophage α7nAChR alleviates the inflammation of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis through mTOR/NLRP3/IL-1β pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 139:112590. [PMID: 38996778 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is one of the most prevalent and severe intestinal emergencies in newborns. The inflammatory activation of macrophages is associated with the intestinal injury of NEC. The neuroimmune regulation mediated by α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) plays an important role in regulating macrophage activation and inflammation progression, but in NEC remains unclear. This study aims to explore the effect of macrophage α7nAChR on NEC. METHODS Mice NEC model were conducted with high-osmolarity formula feeding, hypoxia, and cold stimulation. The α7nAChR agonist PNU-282987 and mTOR inhibitor rapamycin were treated by intraperitoneal injections in mice. The expression and distribution of macrophages, α7nAChR, and phospho-mammalian target of rapamycin (p-mTOR) in the intestines of NEC patients and mice was assessed using immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and flow cytometry. The expression of NLRP3, activated caspase-1 and IL-1β in mice intestines was detected by flow cytometry, western blot or ELISA. In vitro, the mouse RAW264.7 macrophage cell line was also cultured followed by various treatments. Expression of p-mTOR, NLRP3, activated caspase-1, and IL-1β in macrophages was determined. RESULTS Macrophages accumulated in the intestines and the expression of α7nAChR in the mucosal and submucosal layers of the intestines was increased in both the NEC patients and mice. The p-mTOR and CD68 were increased and co-localized in intestines of NEC patients. In vitro, α7nAChR agonist PNU-282987 significantly reduced the increase of NLRP3, activated caspase-1, and IL-1β in macrophages. PNU-282987 also significantly reduced the increase of p-mTOR. The effect was blocked by AMPK inhibitor compound C. The expression of NLRP3, activated caspase-1, and IL-1β was inhibited after mTOR inhibitor rapamycin treatment. In NEC model mice, PNU-282987 reduced the expression of p-mTOR, NLRP3, activated caspase-1, and IL-1β in the intestine. Meanwhile, rapamycin significantly attenuated NLRP3 activation and the release of IL-1β. Moreover, the proportion of intestinal macrophages and intestinal injury decreased after PNU-282987 treatment. CONCLUSION Macrophage α7nAChR activation mitigates NLRP3 inflammasome activation by modulating mTOR phosphorylation, and subsequently alleviates intestinal inflammation and injury in NEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leiting Shen
- Department of Neonatal Surgery, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Xiaohui Zhong
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Haosen Ji
- Department of Neonatal Surgery, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Sisi Yang
- Department of Neonatal Surgery, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Jingyi Jin
- Department of Neonatal Surgery, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Chengjie Lyu
- Department of Neonatal Surgery, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Yichao Ren
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Yi Xiao
- Department of Neonatal Surgery, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Yuebai Zhang
- Department of Neonatal Surgery, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Shu Fang
- Department of Neonatal Surgery, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Nan Lin
- Department of Neonatal Surgery, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Jinfa Tou
- Department of Neonatal Surgery, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Qiang Shu
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Dengming Lai
- Department of Neonatal Surgery, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China.
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Dos Santos TM, Righetti RF, do Nascimento Camargo L, Leick EA, Fukuzaki S, de Campos EC, Galli TT, Saraiva-Romanholo BM, da Silva LLS, Barbosa JAS, João JMLG, Prado CM, de Rezende BG, Bourotte CLM, Dos Lopes FDTQS, Martins MA, Bensenor IM, de Oliveira Cirillo JV, Bezerra SKM, Silva FJA, Paulo MSL, Lotufo PA, Tibério IFLC. Effect of VAChT reduction on lung alterations induced by exposure to iron particles in an asthma model. J Inflamm (Lond) 2024; 21:24. [PMID: 38961398 PMCID: PMC11223391 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-024-00399-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pollution harms the health of people with asthma. The effect of the anti-inflammatory cholinergic pathway in chronic allergic inflammation associated to pollution is poorly understood. METHODS One hundred eight animals were divided into 18 groups (6 animals). Groups included: wild type mice (WT), genetically modified with reduced VAChT (VAChTKD), and those sensitized with ovalbumin (VAChTKDA), exposed to metal powder due to iron pelletizing in mining company (Local1) or 3.21 miles away from a mining company (Local2) in their locations for 2 weeks during summer and winter seasons. It was analyzed for hyperresponsivity, inflammation, remodeling, oxidative stress responses and the cholinergic system. RESULTS During summer, animals without changes in the cholinergic system revealed that Local1 exposure increased the hyperresponsiveness (%Rrs, %Raw), and inflammation (IL-17) relative to vivarium animals, while animals exposed to Local2 also exhibited elevated IL-17. During winter, animals without changes in the cholinergic system revealed that Local2 exposure increased the hyperresponsiveness (%Rrs) relative to vivarium animals. Comparing the exposure local of these animals during summer, animals exposed to Local1 showed elevated %Rrs, Raw, and IL-5 compared to Local 2, while in winter, Local2 exposure led to more IL-17 than Local1. Animals with VAChT attenuation displayed increased %Rrs, NFkappaB, IL-5, and IL-13 but reduced alpha-7 compared to animals without changes in the cholinergic system WT. Animals with VAChT attenuation and asthma showed increased the hyperresponsiveness, all inflammatory markers, remodeling and oxidative stress compared to animals without chronic lung inflammation. Exposure to Local1 exacerbated the hyperresponsiveness, oxidative stressand inflammation in animals with VAChT attenuation associated asthma, while Local2 exposure led to increased inflammation, remodeling and oxidative stress. CONCLUSIONS Reduced cholinergic signaling amplifies lung inflammation in a model of chronic allergic lung inflammation. Furthermore, when associated with pollution, it can aggravate specific responses related to inflammation, oxidative stress, and remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tabata Maruyama Dos Santos
- Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
- Hospital Sírio Libanês, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Renato Fraga Righetti
- Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Hospital Sírio Libanês, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Leandro do Nascimento Camargo
- Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Hospital Sírio Libanês, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Silvia Fukuzaki
- Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Hospital Alemão Oswaldo Cruz, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elaine Cristina de Campos
- Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Hospital Sírio Libanês, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Carla Máximo Prado
- Department of Biosciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Isabela M Bensenor
- Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Paulo A Lotufo
- Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Sun Q, Jin C. Cell signaling and epigenetic regulation of nicotine-induced carcinogenesis. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 345:123426. [PMID: 38295934 PMCID: PMC10939829 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Nicotine, a naturally occurring tobacco alkaloid responsible for tobacco addiction, has long been considered non-carcinogenic. However, emerging evidence suggests that nicotine may possess carcinogenic properties in mice and could be a potential carcinogen in humans. This review aims to summarize the potential molecular mechanisms underlying nicotine-induced carcinogenesis, with a specific focus on epigenetic regulation and the activation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in addition to genotoxicity and excess reactive oxygen species (ROS). Additionally, we explore a novel hypothesis regarding nicotine's carcinogenicity involving the downregulation of stem-loop binding protein (SLBP), a critical regulator of canonical histone mRNA, and the polyadenylation of canonical histone mRNA. By shedding light on these mechanisms, this review underscores the need for further research to elucidate the carcinogenic potential of nicotine and its implications for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Sun
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10010, USA; Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110013, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, China
| | - Chunyuan Jin
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10010, USA; Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
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Reid VJM, McLoughlin WKX, Pandya K, Stott H, Iškauskienė M, Šačkus A, Marti JA, Kurian D, Wishart TM, Lucatelli C, Peters D, Gray GA, Baker AH, Newby DE, Hadoke PWF, Tavares AAS, MacAskill MG. Assessment of the alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor as an imaging marker of cardiac repair-associated processes using NS14490. EJNMMI Res 2024; 14:7. [PMID: 38206500 PMCID: PMC10784260 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-023-01058-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac repair and remodeling following myocardial infarction (MI) is a multifactorial process involving pro-reparative inflammation, angiogenesis and fibrosis. Noninvasive imaging using a radiotracer targeting these processes could be used to elucidate cardiac wound healing mechanisms. The alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (ɑ7nAChR) stimulates pro-reparative macrophage activity and angiogenesis, making it a potential imaging biomarker in this context. We investigated this by assessing in vitro cellular expression of ɑ7nAChR, and by using a tritiated version of the PET radiotracer [18F]NS14490 in tissue autoradiography studies. RESULTS ɑ7nAChR expression in human monocyte-derived macrophages and vascular cells showed the highest relative expression was within macrophages, but only endothelial cells exhibited a proliferation and hypoxia-driven increase in expression. Using a mouse model of inflammatory angiogenesis following sponge implantation, specific binding of [3H]NS14490 increased from 3.6 ± 0.2 µCi/g at day 3 post-implantation to 4.9 ± 0.2 µCi/g at day 7 (n = 4, P < 0.01), followed by a reduction at days 14 and 21. This peak matched the onset of vessel formation, macrophage infiltration and sponge fibrovascular encapsulation. In a rat MI model, specific binding of [3H]NS14490 was low in sham and remote MI myocardium. Specific binding within the infarct increased from day 14 post-MI (33.8 ± 14.1 µCi/g, P ≤ 0.01 versus sham), peaking at day 28 (48.9 ± 5.1 µCi/g, P ≤ 0.0001 versus sham). Histological and proteomic profiling of ɑ7nAChR positive tissue revealed strong associations between ɑ7nAChR and extracellular matrix deposition, and rat cardiac fibroblasts expressed ɑ7nAChR protein under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. CONCLUSION ɑ7nAChR is highly expressed in human macrophages and showed proliferation and hypoxia-driven expression in human endothelial cells. While NS14490 imaging displays a pattern that coincides with vessel formation, macrophage infiltration and fibrovascular encapsulation in the sponge model, this is not the case in the MI model where the ɑ7nAChR imaging signal was strongly associated with extracellular matrix deposition which could be explained by ɑ7nAChR expression in fibroblasts. Overall, these findings support the involvement of ɑ7nAChR across several processes central to cardiac repair, with fibrosis most closely associated with ɑ7nAChR following MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria J M Reid
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Edinburgh Imaging, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Kalyani Pandya
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Edinburgh Imaging, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Holly Stott
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Monika Iškauskienė
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Algirdas Šačkus
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Judit A Marti
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Dominic Kurian
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Thomas M Wishart
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Dan Peters
- DanPET AB, Malmo, Sweden
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gillian A Gray
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Andrew H Baker
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David E Newby
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Patrick W F Hadoke
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Adriana A S Tavares
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Edinburgh Imaging, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mark G MacAskill
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
- Edinburgh Imaging, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
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Ghosh A, Coakley RD, Alexis NE, Tarran R. Vaping-Induced Proteolysis Causes Airway Surface Dehydration. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15348. [PMID: 37895029 PMCID: PMC10607227 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteases such as neutrophil elastase cleave and activate the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC), causing airway dehydration. Our current study explores the impact of increased protease levels in vapers' airways on ENaC activity and airway dehydration. Human bronchial epithelial cultures (HBECs) were exposed to bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from non-smokers, smokers and vapers. Airway surface liquid (ASL) height was measured by confocal microscopy as a marker of hydration. ENaC cleavage was measured by Western blotting. Human peripheral blood neutrophils were treated with a menthol-flavored e-liquid (Juul), and the resulting secretions were added to HBECs. BALF from smokers and vapers significantly and equally increased ENaC activity and decreased ASL height. The ASL height decrease was attenuated by protease inhibitors. Non-smokers' BALF had no effect on ENaC or ASL height. BALF from smokers and vapers, but not non-smokers, induced ENaC cleavage. E-liquid-treated neutrophil secretions cleaved ENaC and decreased ASL height. Our study demonstrated that elevated protease levels in vapers' airways have functional significance since they can activate ENaC, resulting in airway dehydration. Lung dehydration contributes to diseases like cystic fibrosis (CF), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. Thus, our data predict that vaping, like smoking, will cause airway surface dehydration that likely leads to lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunava Ghosh
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA;
| | - Raymond D. Coakley
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA;
| | - Neil E. Alexis
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA;
| | - Robert Tarran
- Division of Genetic, Environmental and Inhalational Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66103, USA
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Petsakou A, Liu Y, Liu Y, Comjean A, Hu Y, Perrimon N. Epithelial Ca 2+ waves triggered by enteric neurons heal the gut. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.14.553227. [PMID: 37645990 PMCID: PMC10461974 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.14.553227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
A fundamental and unresolved question in regenerative biology is how tissues return to homeostasis after injury. Answering this question is essential for understanding the etiology of chronic disorders such as inflammatory bowel diseases and cancer. We used the Drosophila midgut to investigate this question and discovered that during regeneration a subpopulation of cholinergic enteric neurons triggers Ca2+ currents among enterocytes to promote return of the epithelium to homeostasis. Specifically, we found that down-regulation of the cholinergic enzyme Acetylcholinesterase in the epithelium enables acetylcholine from defined enteric neurons, referred as ARCENs, to activate nicotinic receptors in enterocytes found near ARCEN-innervations. This activation triggers high Ca2+ influx that spreads in the epithelium through Inx2/Inx7 gap junctions promoting enterocyte maturation followed by reduction of proliferation and inflammation. Disrupting this process causes chronic injury consisting of ion imbalance, Yki activation and increase of inflammatory cytokines together with hyperplasia, reminiscent of inflammatory bowel diseases. Altogether, we found that during gut regeneration the conserved cholinergic pathway facilitates epithelial Ca2+ waves that heal the intestinal epithelium. Our findings demonstrate nerve- and bioelectric-dependent intestinal regeneration which advance the current understanding of how a tissue returns to its homeostatic state after injury and could ultimately help existing therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yifang Liu
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Aram Comjean
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Yanhui Hu
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Norbert Perrimon
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, USA
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Rasmussen LW, Stanford D, LaFontaine J, Allen AD, Raju SV. Nicotine aerosols diminish airway CFTR function and mucociliary clearance. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2023; 324:L557-L570. [PMID: 36852921 PMCID: PMC10085557 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00453.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) are often promoted as safe alternatives to smoking based on the faulty perception that inhaling nicotine is safe until other harmful chemicals in cigarette smoke are absent. Previously, others and we have reported that, similar to cigarette smoke, e-cig aerosols decrease CFTR-mediated ion transport across airway epithelium. However, it is unclear whether such defective epithelial ion transport by e-cig aerosols occurs in vivo and what the singular contribution of inhaled nicotine is to impairments in mucociliary clearance (MCC), the primary physiologic defense of the airways. Here, we tested the effects of nicotine aerosols from e-cigs in primary human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells and two animal models, rats and ferrets, known for their increasing physiologic complexity and potential for clinical translation, followed by in vitro and in vivo electrophysiologic assays for CFTR activity and micro-optical coherence tomography (μOCT) image analyses for alterations in airway mucus physiology. Data presented in this report indicate nicotine in e-cig aerosols causes 1) reduced CFTR and epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC)-mediated ion transport, 2) delayed MCC, and 3) diminished airway surface hydration, as determined by periciliary liquid depth analysis. Interestingly, the common e-cig vehicles vegetable glycerin and propylene glycol did not affect CFTR function or MCC in vivo despite their significant adverse effects in vitro. Overall, our studies contribute to an improved understanding of inhaled nicotine effects on lung health among e-cig users and inform pathologic mechanisms involved in altered host defense and increased risk for tobacco-associated lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence W Rasmussen
- Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Denise Stanford
- Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
- Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Jennifer LaFontaine
- Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
- Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Antonio Demarcus Allen
- Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - S Vamsee Raju
- Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
- Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
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Bioelectric regulation of intestinal stem cells. Trends Cell Biol 2022:S0962-8924(22)00234-3. [PMID: 36396487 PMCID: PMC10183058 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2022.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Proper regulation of ion balance across the intestinal epithelium is essential for physiological functions, while ion imbalance causes intestinal disorders with dire health consequences. Ion channels, pumps, and exchangers are vital for regulating ion movements (i.e., bioelectric currents) that control epithelial absorption and secretion. Recent in vivo studies used the Drosophila gut to identify conserved pathways that link regulators of Ca2+, Na+ and Cl- with intestinal stem cell (ISC) proliferation. These studies laid a foundation for using the Drosophila gut to identify conserved proliferative responses triggered by bioelectric regulators. Here, we review these studies, discuss their significance, as well as the advantages of using Drosophila to unravel conserved bioelectrically induced molecular pathways in the intestinal epithelium under physiological, pathophysiological, and regenerative conditions.
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Kim MD, Chung S, Dennis JS, Yoshida M, Aguiar C, Aller SP, Mendes ES, Schmid A, Sabater J, Baumlin N, Salathe M. Vegetable glycerin e-cigarette aerosols cause airway inflammation and ion channel dysfunction. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1012723. [PMID: 36225570 PMCID: PMC9549247 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1012723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Vegetable glycerin (VG) and propylene glycol (PG) serve as delivery vehicles for nicotine and flavorings in most e-cigarette (e-cig) liquids. Here, we investigated whether VG e-cig aerosols, in the absence of nicotine and flavors, impact parameters of mucociliary function in human volunteers, a large animal model (sheep), and air-liquid interface (ALI) cultures of primary human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs). We found that VG-containing (VG or PG/VG), but not sole PG-containing, e-cig aerosols reduced the activity of nasal cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) in human volunteers who vaped for seven days. Markers of inflammation, including interleukin-6 (IL6), interleukin-8 (IL8) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) mRNAs, as well as MMP-9 activity and mucin 5AC (MUC5AC) expression levels, were also elevated in nasal samples from volunteers who vaped VG-containing e-liquids. In sheep, exposures to VG e-cig aerosols for five days increased mucus concentrations and MMP-9 activity in tracheal secretions and plasma levels of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1). In vitro exposure of HBECs to VG e-cig aerosols for five days decreased ciliary beating and increased mucus concentrations. VG e-cig aerosols also reduced CFTR function in HBECs, mechanistically by reducing membrane fluidity. Although VG e-cig aerosols did not increase MMP9 mRNA expression, expression levels of IL6, IL8, TGFB1, and MUC5AC mRNAs were significantly increased in HBECs after seven days of exposure. Thus, VG e-cig aerosols can potentially cause harm in the airway by inducing inflammation and ion channel dysfunction with consequent mucus hyperconcentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D. Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Samuel Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - John S. Dennis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Makoto Yoshida
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Carolina Aguiar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Sheyla P. Aller
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Eliana S. Mendes
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Andreas Schmid
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Juan Sabater
- Department of Research, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL, United States
| | - Nathalie Baumlin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Matthias Salathe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States,*Correspondence: Matthias Salathe,
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Hollenhorst MI, Kumar P, Zimmer M, Salah A, Maxeiner S, Elhawy MI, Evers SB, Flockerzi V, Gudermann T, Chubanov V, Boehm U, Krasteva-Christ G. Taste Receptor Activation in Tracheal Brush Cells by Denatonium Modulates ENaC Channels via Ca2+, cAMP and ACh. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152411. [PMID: 35954259 PMCID: PMC9367940 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucociliary clearance is a primary defence mechanism of the airways consisting of two components, ciliary beating and transepithelial ion transport (ISC). Specialised chemosensory cholinergic epithelial cells, named brush cells (BC), are involved in regulating various physiological and immunological processes. However, it remains unclear if BC influence ISC. In murine tracheae, denatonium, a taste receptor agonist, reduced basal ISC in a concentration-dependent manner (EC50 397 µM). The inhibition of bitter taste signalling components with gallein (Gβγ subunits), U73122 (phospholipase C), 2-APB (IP3-receptors) or with TPPO (Trpm5, transient receptor potential-melastatin 5 channel) reduced the denatonium effect. Supportively, the ISC was also diminished in Trpm5−/− mice. Mecamylamine (nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, nAChR, inhibitor) and amiloride (epithelial sodium channel, ENaC, antagonist) decreased the denatonium effect. Additionally, the inhibition of Gα subunits (pertussis toxin) reduced the denatonium effect, while an inhibition of phosphodiesterase (IBMX) increased and of adenylate cyclase (forskolin) reversed the denatonium effect. The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) inhibitor CFTRinh172 and the KCNQ1 potassium channel antagonist chromanol 293B both reduced the denatonium effect. Thus, denatonium reduces ISC via the canonical bitter taste signalling cascade leading to the Trpm5-dependent nAChR-mediated inhibition of ENaC as well as Gα signalling leading to a reduction in cAMP-dependent ISC. Therefore, BC activation contributes to the regulation of fluid homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Praveen Kumar
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Maxim Zimmer
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Alaa Salah
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Maxeiner
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | | | - Saskia B. Evers
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Veit Flockerzi
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Centre for Molecular Signalling, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Gudermann
- Walter-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University and German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), 80366 Munich, Germany
| | - Vladimir Chubanov
- Walter-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University and German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), 80366 Munich, Germany
| | - Ulrich Boehm
- Experimental Pharmacology, Centre for Molecular Signalling, School of Medicine, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Gabriela Krasteva-Christ
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-6841-16-26101
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11
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Vaping-Associated Lung Injury: A Review. Medicina (B Aires) 2022; 58:medicina58030412. [PMID: 35334588 PMCID: PMC8949983 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58030412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Since commercial development in 2003, the usage of modern electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) continues to increase amongst people who have never smoked, ex-smokers who have switched to e-cigarettes, and dual-users of both conventional cigarettes and e-cigarettes. With such an increase in use, knowledge of the irritative, toxic and potential carcinogenic effects on the lungs is increasing. This review article will discuss the background of e-cigarettes, vaping devices and explore their popularity. We will further summarise the available literature describing the mechanism of lung injury caused by e-cigarette or vaping use.
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Stegemann A, Raker V, Del Rey A, Steinbrink K, Böhm M. Expression of the α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Is Critically Required for the Antifibrotic Effect of PHA-543613 on Skin Fibrosis. Neuroendocrinology 2022; 112:446-456. [PMID: 34120115 DOI: 10.1159/000517772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Targeting the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) has recently been suggested as a potential new treatment for fibrotic skin diseases. Here, we performed a genetic and pharmacologic approach to clarify the role of this receptor in the bleomycin (BLM) mouse model of skin fibrosis using α7nAChR KO mice. METHODS We analyzed the expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) components in murine skin using quantitative RT-PCR, pepsin digestion/SDS-PAGE of proteins and performed hydroxyproline assays as well as histological/immunohistochemical staining of skin sections. To identity the target cells of the α7nAChR agonist PHA-543613, we used murine dermal fibroblasts (MDF). We tested their response to the profibrotic cytokine transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and utilized gene silencing to elucidate the role of the α7nAChR. RESULTS We confirmed our previous findings on C3H/HeJ mice and detected a suppressive effect of PHA-543613 on BLM-induced skin fibrosis in the mouse strain C57BL/6J. This antifibrotic effect of PHA-543613 was abrogated in α7nAChR-KO mice. Interestingly, α7nAChR-KO animals exhibited a basal profibrotic signature by higher RNA expression of ECM genes and hydroxyproline content than WT mice. In WT MDF, PHA-543613 suppressed ECM gene expression induced by TGF-β1. Gene silencing of α7nAChR by small interfering RNA neutralized the effects of PHA-543613 on TGF-β1-mediated ECM gene expression. CONCLUSION In summary, we have identified the α7nAChR as the essential mediator of the antifibrotic effect of PHA-543613. MDF are directly targeted by PHA-543613 to suppress collagen synthesis. Our findings emphasize therapeutic exploitation of α7nAChR receptor agonists in fibrotic skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agatha Stegemann
- Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Verena Raker
- Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Adriana Del Rey
- Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Markus Böhm
- Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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13
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Hollenhorst MI, Krasteva-Christ G. Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors in the Respiratory Tract. Molecules 2021; 26:6097. [PMID: 34684676 PMCID: PMC8539672 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26206097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) are widely distributed in neuronal and non-neuronal tissues, where they play diverse physiological roles. In this review, we highlight the recent findings regarding the role of nAChR in the respiratory tract with a special focus on the involvement of nAChR in the regulation of multiple processes in health and disease. We discuss the role of nAChR in mucociliary clearance, inflammation, and infection and in airway diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and cancer. The subtype diversity of nAChR enables differential regulation, making them a suitable pharmaceutical target in many diseases. The stimulation of the α3β4 nAChR could be beneficial in diseases accompanied by impaired mucociliary clearance, and the anti-inflammatory effect due to an α7 nAChR stimulation could alleviate symptoms in diseases with chronic inflammation such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma, while the inhibition of the α5 nAChR could potentially be applied in non-small cell lung cancer treatment. However, while clinical studies targeting nAChR in the airways are still lacking, we suggest that more detailed research into this topic and possible pharmaceutical applications could represent a valuable tool to alleviate the symptoms of diverse airway diseases.
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Lupacchini L, Maggi F, Tomino C, De Dominicis C, Mollinari C, Fini M, Bonassi S, Merlo D, Russo P. Nicotine Changes Airway Epithelial Phenotype and May Increase the SARS-COV-2 Infection Severity. Molecules 2020; 26:E101. [PMID: 33379366 PMCID: PMC7794754 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26010101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Nicotine is implicated in the SARS-COV-2 infection through activation of the α7-nAChR and over-expression of ACE2. Our objective was to clarify the role of nicotine in SARS-CoV-2 infection exploring its molecular and cellular activity. (2) Methods: HBEpC or si-mRNA-α7-HBEpC were treated for 1 h, 48 h or continuously with 10-7 M nicotine, a concentration mimicking human exposure to a cigarette. Cell viability and proliferation were evaluated by trypan blue dye exclusion and cell counting, migration by cell migration assay, senescence by SA-β-Gal activity, and anchorage-independent growth by cloning in soft agar. Expression of Ki67, p53/phospho-p53, VEGF, EGFR/pEGFR, phospho-p38, intracellular Ca2+, ATP and EMT were evaluated by ELISA and/or Western blotting. (3) Results: nicotine induced through α7-nAChR (i) increase in cell viability, (ii) cell proliferation, (iii) Ki67 over-expression, (iv) phospho-p38 up-regulation, (v) EGFR/pEGFR over-expression, (vi) increase in basal Ca2+ concentration, (vii) reduction of ATP production, (viii) decreased level of p53/phospho-p53, (ix) delayed senescence, (x) VEGF increase, (xi) EMT and consequent (xii) enhanced migration, and (xiii) ability to grow independently of the substrate. (4) Conclusions: Based on our results and on evidence showing that nicotine potentiates viral infection, it is likely that nicotine is involved in SARS-CoV-2 infection and severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Lupacchini
- Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, IRCSS San Raffaele Pisana, Via di Val Cannuta 247, I-00166 Rome, Italy; (L.L.); (C.D.D.)
| | - Fabrizio Maggi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, viale Luigi Borri 57, I-21100 Varese, Italy;
| | - Carlo Tomino
- Scientific Direction, IRCSS San Raffaele Pisana, Via di Val Cannuta 247, I-00166 Rome, Italy;
| | - Chiara De Dominicis
- Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, IRCSS San Raffaele Pisana, Via di Val Cannuta 247, I-00166 Rome, Italy; (L.L.); (C.D.D.)
| | - Cristiana Mollinari
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council, Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy;
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, I-00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Massimo Fini
- Scientific Direction, IRCSS San Raffaele Pisana, Via di Val Cannuta 247, I-00166 Rome, Italy;
| | - Stefano Bonassi
- Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology, IRCSS San Raffaele Pisana, Via di Val Cannuta 247, I-00166 Rome, Italy;
- Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele University, Via di Val Cannuta 247, I-00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Merlo
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, I-00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Patrizia Russo
- Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology, IRCSS San Raffaele Pisana, Via di Val Cannuta 247, I-00166 Rome, Italy;
- Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele University, Via di Val Cannuta 247, I-00166 Rome, Italy
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15
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Kumar P, Scholze P, Fronius M, Krasteva-Christ G, Hollenhorst MI. Nicotine stimulates ion transport via metabotropic β4 subunit containing nicotinic ACh receptors. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:5595-5608. [PMID: 32959891 PMCID: PMC7707097 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Mucociliary clearance is an innate immune process of the airways, essential for removal of respiratory pathogens. It depends on ciliary beat and ion and fluid homeostasis of the epithelium. We have shown that nicotinic ACh receptors (nAChRs) activate ion transport in mouse tracheal epithelium. Yet the receptor subtypes and signalling pathways involved remained unknown. Experimental Approach Transepithelial short circuit currents (ISC) of freshly isolated mouse tracheae were recorded using the Ussing chamber technique. Changes in [Ca2+]i were studied on freshly dissociated mouse tracheal epithelial cells. Key Results Apical application of the nAChR agonist nicotine transiently increased ISC. The nicotine effect was abolished by the nAChR antagonist mecamylamine. α‐Bungarotoxin (α7 antagonist) had no effect. The agonists epibatidine (α3β2, α4β2, α4β4 and α3β4) and A‐85380 (α4β2 and α3β4) increased ISC. The antagonists dihydro‐β‐erythroidine (α4β2, α3β2, α4β4 and α3β4), α‐conotoxin MII (α3β2) and α‐conotoxin PnIA (α3β2) reduced the nicotine effect. Nicotine‐ and epibatidine‐induced currents were unaltered in β2−/−mice, but in β4−/− mice no increase was observed. In the presence of thapsigargin (endoplasmatic reticulum Ca2+‐ATPase inhibitor) or the ryanodine receptor antagonists JTV‐519 and dantrolene there was a reduction in the nicotine‐effect, indicating involvement of Ca2+ release from intracellular stores. Additionally, the PKA inhibitor H‐89 and the TMEM16A (Ca2+‐activated chloride channel) inhibitor T16Ainh‐A01 significantly reduced the nicotine‐effect. Conclusion and Implications α3β4 nAChRs are responsible for the nicotine‐induced current changes via Ca2+ release from intracellular stores, PKA and ryanodine receptor activation. These nAChRs might be possible targets to stimulate chloride transport via TMEM16A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Kumar
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Petra Scholze
- Department of Pathobiology of the Nervous System, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Fronius
- Department of Physiology and HeartOtago, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Ghosh B, Reyes-Caballero H, Akgün-Ölmez SG, Nishida K, Chandrala L, Smirnova L, Biswal S, Sidhaye VK. Effect of sub-chronic exposure to cigarette smoke, electronic cigarette and waterpipe on human lung epithelial barrier function. BMC Pulm Med 2020; 20:216. [PMID: 32787821 PMCID: PMC7425557 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-020-01255-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Taking into consideration a recent surge of a lung injury condition associated with electronic cigarette use, we devised an in vitro model of sub-chronic exposure of human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) in air-liquid interface, to determine deterioration of epithelial cell barrier from sub-chronic exposure to cigarette smoke (CS), e-cigarette aerosol (EC), and tobacco waterpipe exposures (TW). METHODS Products analyzed include commercially available e-liquid, with 0% or 1.2% concentration of nicotine, tobacco blend (shisha), and reference-grade cigarette (3R4F). In one set of experiments, HBECs were exposed to EC (0 and 1.2%), CS or control air for 10 days using 1 cigarette/day. In the second set of experiments, exposure of pseudostratified primary epithelial tissue to TW or control air exposure was performed 1-h/day, every other day, until 3 exposures were performed. After 16-18 h of last exposure, we investigated barrier function/structural integrity of the epithelial monolayer with fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran flux assay (FITC-Dextran), measurements of trans-electrical epithelial resistance (TEER), assessment of the percentage of moving cilia, cilia beat frequency (CBF), cell motion, and quantification of E-cadherin gene expression by reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). RESULTS When compared to air control, CS increased fluorescence (FITC-Dextran assay) by 5.6 times, whereby CS and EC (1.2%) reduced TEER to 49 and 60% respectively. CS and EC (1.2%) exposure reduced CBF to 62 and 59%, and cilia moving to 47 and 52%, respectively, when compared to control air. CS and EC (1.2%) increased cell velocity compared to air control by 2.5 and 2.6 times, respectively. The expression of E-cadherin reduced to 39% of control air levels by CS exposure shows an insight into a plausible molecular mechanism. Altogether, EC (0%) and TW exposures resulted in more moderate decreases in epithelial integrity, while EC (1.2%) substantially decreased airway epithelial barrier function comparable with CS exposure. CONCLUSIONS The results support a toxic effect of sub-chronic exposure to EC (1.2%) as evident by disruption of the bronchial epithelial cell barrier integrity, whereas further research is needed to address the molecular mechanism of this observation as well as TW and EC (0%) toxicity in chronic exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baishakhi Ghosh
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hermes Reyes-Caballero
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Sevcan Gül Akgün-Ölmez
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Present Address: Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kristine Nishida
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lakshmana Chandrala
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins Whiting School of Engineering, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lena Smirnova
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shyam Biswal
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Venkataramana K Sidhaye
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Abstract
PURPOSE Cigarettes have been demonstrated to be toxic to the pulmonary connective tissue by impairing the lung's ability to clear debris, resulting in infection and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Approximately 8% of adolescents are smokers. We hypothesized that adolescent trauma patients who smoke have a higher rate of ARDS and pneumonia when compared to non-smokers. METHODS The Trauma Quality Improvement Program (2014-2016) was queried for adolescent trauma patients aged 13-17 years. Adolescent smokers were 1:2 propensity-score-matched to non-smokers based on age, comorbidities, and injury type. Data were analyzed using chi square for categorical data and Mann-Whitney U test for continuous data. RESULTS From 32,610 adolescent patients, 997 (3.1%) were smokers. After matching, 459 smokers were compared to 918 non-smokers. There were no differences in matched characteristics. Compared to non-smokers, smokers had an increased rate of pneumonia (3.1% vs. 1.1%, p = 0.01) but not ARDS (0.2% vs. 0%, p = 0.16). Compared to the non-smoking group, the smokers had a longer median total hospital length-of-stay (3 vs. 2 days, p = 0.01) and no difference in overall mortality (1.5% vs. 2.4%, p = 0.29). CONCLUSION Smoking is associated with an increased rate of pneumonia in adolescent trauma patients. Future research should target smoking cessation and/or interventions to mitigate the deleterious effects of smoking in this population.
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18
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Perniss A, Latz A, Boseva I, Papadakis T, Dames C, Meisel C, Meisel A, Scholze P, Kummer W, Krasteva-Christ G. Acute nicotine administration stimulates ciliary activity via α3β4 nAChR in the mouse trachea. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 84:106496. [PMID: 32304995 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Mucociliary clearance, the continuous removal of mucus-trapped particles by cilia-driven directed transport of the airway lining fluid, is the primary innate defense mechanism of the airways. It is potently activated by acetylcholine (ACh) addressing muscarinic receptors with a currently less defined role of nicotinic ACh receptors (nAChR). We here set out to determine their contribution in driving ciliary activity in an explanted mouse trachea preparation utilizing selected agonists and antagonists and nAChR-subunit deficient mice. Nicotine (100 µM) induced an increase in ciliary beat frequency, accompanied by a sharp, but not long lasting increase in particle transport speed (PTS) on the mucosal surface showing marked desensitization within the next 30 min. Nicotine-induced PTS acceleration was sensitive to the general nAChR inhibitors mecamylamine and d-tubocurarine as well as to the α3β4-nAChR antagonist α-conotoxin AulB, but not to other antagonists primarily addressing α3β2-nAChR or α4-, α7- and α9-containing nAChR. Agonists at α3β*-nAChR (epibatidine, cytisine), but not cotinine mimicked the effect. Tracheas from mice with genetic deletion of nAChR subunits α5, α7, α9, α10, α9/10, and β2 retained full PTS response to nicotine, whereas this was entirely lost in tracheas from mice lacking the β4-subunit. Collectively, our data show that nicotinic stimulation of α3β4-nAChR acutely increases PTS to the same extent as the established strong activator ATP. In view of the marked desensitization observed in the present setting, the physiological relevance of these receptors in adapting mucociliary clearance to rapidly changing endogenous or environmental stimuli remains open.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Perniss
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, German Center for Lung Research, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Ariane Latz
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, German Center for Lung Research, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Ivelina Boseva
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, German Center for Lung Research, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Tamara Papadakis
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, German Center for Lung Research, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Claudia Dames
- Charité Berlin, Institute of Medical Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Meisel
- Charité Berlin, Institute of Medical Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Meisel
- Charité Berlin, Departments of Neurology and Experimental Neurology, NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - Petra Scholze
- Department of Pathobiology of the Nervous System, Center for Brain Research, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Kummer
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, German Center for Lung Research, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Gabriela Krasteva-Christ
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, German Center for Lung Research, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany; Present address: Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
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19
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Lin VY, Fain MD, Jackson PL, Berryhill TF, Wilson LS, Mazur M, Barnes SJ, Blalock JE, Raju SV, Rowe SM. Vaporized E-Cigarette Liquids Induce Ion Transport Dysfunction in Airway Epithelia. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2020; 61:162-173. [PMID: 30576219 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2017-0432oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and chronic bronchitis. Acquired ion transport abnormalities, including cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) dysfunction, caused by cigarette smoking have been proposed as potential mechanisms for mucus obstruction in chronic bronchitis. Although e-cigarette use is popular and perceived to be safe, whether it harms the airways via mechanisms altering ion transport remains unclear. In the present study, we sought to determine if e-cigarette vapor, like cigarette smoke, has the potential to induce acquired CFTR dysfunction, and to what degree. Electrophysiological methods demonstrated reduced chloride transport caused by vaporized e-cigarette liquid or vegetable glycerin at various exposures (30 min, 57.2% and 14.4% respectively, vs. control; P < 0.0001), but not by unvaporized liquid (60 min, 17.6% vs. untreated), indicating that thermal degradation of these products is required to induce the observed defects. We also observed reduced ATP-dependent responses (-10.8 ± 3.0 vs. -18.8 ± 5.1 μA/cm2 control) and epithelial sodium channel activity (95.8% reduction) in primary human bronchial epithelial cells after 5 minutes, suggesting that exposures dramatically inhibit epithelial ion transport beyond CFTR, even without diminished transepithelial resistance or cytotoxicity. Vaporizing e-cigarette liquid produced reactive aldehydes, including acrolein (shown to induce acquired CFTR dysfunction), as quantified by mass spectrometry, demonstrating that respiratory toxicants in cigarette smoke can also be found in e-cigarette vapor (30 min air, 224.5 ± 15.99; unvaporized liquid, 284.8 ± 35.03; vapor, 54,468 ± 3,908 ng/ml; P < 0.0001). E-cigarettes can induce ion channel dysfunction in airway epithelial cells, partly through acrolein production. These findings indicate a heretofore unknown toxicity of e-cigarette use known to be associated with chronic bronchitis onset and progression, as well as with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Taylor F Berryhill
- 2Pharmacology/Toxicology and Targeted Metabolomics and Proteomics Laboratory
| | - Landon S Wilson
- 2Pharmacology/Toxicology and Targeted Metabolomics and Proteomics Laboratory
| | | | - Stephen J Barnes
- 2Pharmacology/Toxicology and Targeted Metabolomics and Proteomics Laboratory
| | | | | | - Steven M Rowe
- 1Department of Medicine.,3Gregory J. Fleming Cystic Fibrosis Center.,4Department of Pediatrics, and.,5Department of Cell Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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Hibara A, Yamaguchi T, Kojima M, Yamano Y, Higuchi M. Nicotine inhibits expression of Prrx1 in pituitary stem/progenitor cells through epigenetic regulation, leading to a delayed supply of growth-hormone-producing cells. Growth Horm IGF Res 2020; 51:65-74. [PMID: 32146343 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2020.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Nicotine, a toxic component of smoking, adversely affects animal growth and reproduction by decreasing secretion of anterior pituitary hormones. However, it has not been clarified whether nicotine inhibits the supply of endocrine cells in the pituitary gland. The present study investigated short- and long-term effects of persistent nicotine exposure on the pituitary glands of young animals. DESIGN Three-week-old male Wistar rats were exposed to nicotine (1 mg/kg body weight/day) for 7 days, and gene expression, cell numbers, and DNA methylation status were analyzed on the following day and 4 weeks after final treatments. RESULTS The expression level of the stem cell marker Sox2 was not changed by nicotine exposure throughout the experiment. On the other hand, nicotine inhibited expression of a progenitor cell marker, Prrx1, and growth hormone (Gh). Immunohistochemical analysis showed that the SOX2-positive cells positive for PRRX1 in nicotine-treated groups decreased to 61% (4-week-old) and 70% (8-week-old) of the saline-treated controls. In addition, the proportion of GH-positive cells in nicotine-treated group was 14% lower than that of saline-treated controls. Furthermore, first intron hypermethylation of Prrx1 was detected by a bisulfite sequence of genomic DNA from the anterior lobe of the rat pituitary gland. CONCLUSIONS We show that persistent nicotine exposure in young animals inhibits expression of Prrx1 in pituitary stem/progenitor cells through epigenetic regulation, leading to a delayed supply of GH-producing cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayaka Hibara
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, Joint Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-minami, Tottori-shi, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yamaguchi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, Joint Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-minami, Tottori-shi, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
| | - Miki Kojima
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, Joint Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-minami, Tottori-shi, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Yamano
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, Joint Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-minami, Tottori-shi, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
| | - Masashi Higuchi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, Joint Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-minami, Tottori-shi, Tottori 680-8553, Japan.
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21
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Rasmussen LW, Stanford D, Patel K, Raju SV. Evaluation of secondhand smoke effects on CFTR function in vivo. Respir Res 2020; 21:70. [PMID: 32192506 PMCID: PMC7082971 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-020-1324-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence W Rasmussen
- Departments of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Environmental Health Sciences, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Denise Stanford
- Departments of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Krina Patel
- Departments of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - S Vamsee Raju
- Departments of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
- Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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22
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McGrath-Morrow SA, Gorzkowski J, Groner JA, Rule AM, Wilson K, Tanski SE, Collaco JM, Klein JD. The Effects of Nicotine on Development. Pediatrics 2020; 145:peds.2019-1346. [PMID: 32047098 PMCID: PMC7049940 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2019-1346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, there has been a significant increase in the use of noncombustible nicotine-containing products, including electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes). Of increasing popularity are e-cigarettes that can deliver high doses of nicotine over short periods of time. These devices have led to a rise in nicotine addiction in adolescent users who were nonsmokers. Use of noncombustible nicotine products by pregnant mothers is also increasing and can expose the developing fetus to nicotine, a known teratogen. In addition, young children are frequently exposed to secondhand and thirdhand nicotine aerosols generated by e-cigarettes, with little understanding of the effects these exposures can have on health. With the advent of these new nicotine-delivery systems, many concerns have arisen regarding the short- and long-term health effects of nicotine on childhood health during all stages of development. Although health studies on nicotine exposure alone are limited, educating policy makers and health care providers on the potential health effects of noncombustible nicotine is needed because public acceptance of these products has become so widespread. Most studies evaluating the effects of nicotine on health have been undertaken in the context of smoke exposure. Nevertheless, in vitro and in vivo preclinical studies strongly indicate that nicotine exposure alone can adversely affect the nervous, respiratory, immune, and cardiovascular systems, particularly when exposure occurs during critical developmental periods. In this review, we have included both preclinical and clinical studies to identify age-related health effects of nicotine exposure alone, examining the mechanisms underlying these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon A. McGrath-Morrow
- Julius B. Richmond Center of Excellence, American Academy of Pediatrics, Itasca, Illinois;,Eudowood Division of Pediatric Respiratory Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and
| | - Julie Gorzkowski
- Julius B. Richmond Center of Excellence, American Academy of Pediatrics, Itasca, Illinois
| | - Judith A. Groner
- Julius B. Richmond Center of Excellence, American Academy of Pediatrics, Itasca, Illinois;,Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Ana M. Rule
- Julius B. Richmond Center of Excellence, American Academy of Pediatrics, Itasca, Illinois;,Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Karen Wilson
- Julius B. Richmond Center of Excellence, American Academy of Pediatrics, Itasca, Illinois;,Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai and Kravis Children’s Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Susanne E. Tanski
- Julius B. Richmond Center of Excellence, American Academy of Pediatrics, Itasca, Illinois;,Department of Pediatrics, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire; and
| | - Joseph M. Collaco
- Julius B. Richmond Center of Excellence, American Academy of Pediatrics, Itasca, Illinois;,Eudowood Division of Pediatric Respiratory Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and
| | - Jonathan D. Klein
- Julius B. Richmond Center of Excellence, American Academy of Pediatrics, Itasca, Illinois;,Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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23
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Lin VY, Kaza N, Birket SE, Kim H, Edwards LJ, LaFontaine J, Liu L, Mazur M, Byzek SA, Hanes J, Tearney GJ, Raju SV, Rowe SM. Excess mucus viscosity and airway dehydration impact COPD airway clearance. Eur Respir J 2020; 55:13993003.00419-2019. [PMID: 31672759 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00419-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms by which cigarette smoking impairs airway mucus clearance are not well understood. We recently established a ferret model of cigarette smoke-induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exhibiting chronic bronchitis. We investigated the effects of cigarette smoke on mucociliary transport (MCT).Adult ferrets were exposed to cigarette smoke for 6 months, with in vivo mucociliary clearance measured by technetium-labelled DTPA retention. Excised tracheae were imaged with micro-optical coherence tomography. Mucus changes in primary human airway epithelial cells and ex vivo ferret airways were assessed by histology and particle tracking microrheology. Linear mixed models for repeated measures identified key determinants of MCT.Compared to air controls, cigarette smoke-exposed ferrets exhibited mucus hypersecretion, delayed mucociliary clearance (-89.0%, p<0.01) and impaired tracheal MCT (-29.4%, p<0.05). Cholinergic stimulus augmented airway surface liquid (ASL) depth (5.8±0.3 to 7.3±0.6 µm, p<0.0001) and restored MCT (6.8±0.8 to 12.9±1.2 mm·min-1, p<0.0001). Mixed model analysis controlling for covariates indicated smoking exposure, mucus hydration (ASL) and ciliary beat frequency were important predictors of MCT. Ferret mucus was hyperviscous following smoke exposure in vivo or in vitro, and contributed to diminished MCT. Primary cells from smokers with and without COPD recapitulated these findings, which persisted despite the absence of continued smoke exposure.Cigarette smoke impairs MCT by inducing airway dehydration and increased mucus viscosity, and can be partially abrogated by cholinergic secretion of fluid secretion. These data elucidate the detrimental effects of cigarette smoke exposure on mucus clearance and suggest additional avenues for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Y Lin
- Dept of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Niroop Kaza
- Dept of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Susan E Birket
- Dept of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Harrison Kim
- Dept of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Lloyd J Edwards
- Dept of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jennifer LaFontaine
- Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Linbo Liu
- School of Electrical & Electronic Engineering and School of Chemical & Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Marina Mazur
- Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Stephen A Byzek
- Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Justin Hanes
- The Center for Nanomedicine at Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Guillermo J Tearney
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S Vamsee Raju
- Dept of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Steven M Rowe
- Dept of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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24
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Singh SP, Chand HS, Banerjee S, Agarwal H, Raizada V, Roy S, Sopori M. Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor Pyridostigmine Bromide Attenuates Gut Pathology and Bacterial Dysbiosis in a Murine Model of Ulcerative Colitis. Dig Dis Sci 2020; 65:141-149. [PMID: 31643033 PMCID: PMC6943409 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-019-05838-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a Th2 inflammatory bowel disease characterized by increased IL-5 and IL-13 expression, eosinophilic/neutrophilic infiltration, decreased mucus production, impaired epithelial barrier, and bacterial dysbiosis of the colon. Acetylcholine and nicotine stimulate mucus production and suppress Th2 inflammation through nicotinic receptors in lungs but UC is rarely observed in smokers and the mechanism of the protection is unclear. METHODS In order to evaluate whether acetylcholine can ameliorate UC-associated pathologies, we employed a mouse model of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced UC-like conditions, and a group of mice were treated with Pyridostigmine bromide (PB) to increase acetylcholine availability. The effects on colonic tissue morphology, Th2 inflammatory factors, MUC2 mucin, and gut microbiota were analyzed. RESULTS DSS challenge damaged the murine colonic architecture, reduced the MUC2 mucin and the tight-junction protein ZO-1. The PB treatment significantly attenuated these DSS-induced responses along with the eosinophilic infiltration and the pro-Th2 inflammatory factors. Moreover, PB inhibited the DSS-induced loss of commensal Clostridia and Flavobacteria, and the gain of pathogenic Erysipelotrichia and Fusobacteria. CONCLUSIONS Together, these data suggest that in colons of a murine model, PB promotes MUC2 synthesis, suppresses Th2 inflammation and attenuates bacterial dysbiosis therefore, PB has a therapeutic potential in UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashi P Singh
- Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, 2425 Ridgecrest Dr SE, Albuquerque, NM, 87108, USA
| | - Hitendra S Chand
- Department of Immunology and Nano-Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Santanu Banerjee
- Department of Surgery and Sylvester Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33101, USA
| | - Hemant Agarwal
- University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Veena Raizada
- University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Sabita Roy
- Department of Surgery and Sylvester Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33101, USA
| | - Mohan Sopori
- Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, 2425 Ridgecrest Dr SE, Albuquerque, NM, 87108, USA.
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25
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Santoro A, Tomino C, Prinzi G, Lamonaca P, Cardaci V, Fini M, Russo P. Tobacco Smoking: Risk to Develop Addiction, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, and Lung Cancer. Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov 2019; 14:39-52. [PMID: 30605063 DOI: 10.2174/1574892814666190102122848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The morbidity and mortality associated with tobacco smoking is well established. Nicotine is the addictive component of tobacco. Nicotine, through the non-neuronal α7nicotinic receptor, induces cell proliferation, neo-angiogenesis, epithelial to mesenchymal transition, and inhibits drug-induced apoptosis. OBJECTIVE To understand the genetic, molecular and cellular biology of addiction, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer. METHODS The search for papers to be included in the review was performed during the months of July- September 2018 in the following databases: PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov), Scopus (http://www.scopus.com), EMBASE (http://www.elsevier.com/online-tools/embase), and ISI Web of Knowledge (http://apps.webofknowledge.com/). The following searching terms: "nicotine", "nicotinic receptor", and "addiction" or "COPD" or "lung cancer" were used. Patents were retrieved in clinicaltrials.gov (https://clinicaltrials.gov/). All papers written in English were evaluated. The reference list of retrieved articles was also reviewed to identify other eligible studies that were not indexed by the above-mentioned databases. New experimental data on the ability of nicotine to promote transformation of human bronchial epithelial cells, exposed for one hour to Benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-diol-9-10-epoxide, are reported. RESULTS Nicotinic receptors variants and nicotinic receptors upregulation are involved in addiction, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and/or lung cancer. Nicotine through α7nicotinic receptor upregulation induces complete bronchial epithelial cells transformation. CONCLUSION Genetic studies highlight the involvement of nicotinic receptors variants in addiction, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and/or lung cancer. A future important step will be to translate these genetic findings to clinical practice. Interventions able to help smoking cessation in nicotine dependence subjects, under patent, are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Santoro
- Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology, IRCSS San Raffaele Pisana, Via di Valcannuta 247, I-00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Tomino
- Scientific Direction, IRCSS San Raffaele Pisana, Via di Valcannuta 247, I-00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Prinzi
- Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology, IRCSS San Raffaele Pisana, Via di Valcannuta 247, I-00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Palma Lamonaca
- Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology, IRCSS San Raffaele Pisana, Via di Valcannuta 247, I-00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Vittorio Cardaci
- Pulmonary Rehabilitation, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Via della Pisana, 235, I-00163 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Fini
- Scientific Direction, IRCSS San Raffaele Pisana, Via di Valcannuta 247, I-00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizia Russo
- Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology, IRCSS San Raffaele Pisana, Via di Valcannuta 247, I-00166 Rome, Italy
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26
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Abstract
Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are alternative, non-combustible tobacco products that generate an inhalable aerosol containing nicotine, flavors, propylene glycol, and vegetable glycerin. Vaping is now a multibillion dollar industry that appeals to current smokers, former smokers, and young people who have never smoked. E-cigarettes reached the market without either extensive preclinical toxicology testing or long term safety trials that would be required of conventional therapeutics or medical devices. Their effectiveness as a smoking cessation intervention, their impact at a population level, and whether they are less harmful than combustible tobacco products are highly controversial. Here, we review the evidence on the effects of e-cigarettes on respiratory health. Studies show measurable adverse biologic effects on organ and cellular health in humans, in animals, and in vitro. The effects of e-cigarettes have similarities to and important differences from those of cigarettes. Decades of chronic smoking are needed for development of lung diseases such as lung cancer or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, so the population effects of e-cigarette use may not be apparent until the middle of this century. We conclude that current knowledge of these effects is insufficient to determine whether the respiratory health effects of e-cigarette are less than those of combustible tobacco products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey E Gotts
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sven-Eric Jordt
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Yale Center for the Study of Tobacco Products and Addiction, Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Rob McConnell
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, CA, USA
| | - Robert Tarran
- Marsico Lung Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
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27
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Ren Q, Li X, Li Q, Yang H, Wang H, Zhang H, Zhao L, Jiang‐yong S, Meng X, Zhang Y, Shen X. Total flavonoids from sea buckthorn ameliorates lipopolysaccharide/cigarette smoke‐induced airway inflammation. Phytother Res 2019; 33:2102-2117. [PMID: 31209984 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qing‐cuo Ren
- College of Ethnic MedicineChengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Ministry of Education), West China Second University HospitalSichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Xuan‐hao Li
- College of Ethnic MedicineChengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu China
| | - Qiu‐yue Li
- College of Ethnic MedicineChengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu China
| | - Hai‐ling Yang
- College of Ethnic MedicineChengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu China
| | - Hong‐ling Wang
- College of Ethnic MedicineChengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu China
| | - Hai Zhang
- College of PharmacyChengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu China
| | - Lin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Ministry of Education), West China Second University HospitalSichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Si‐lang Jiang‐yong
- College of Ethnic MedicineChengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu China
| | - Xian‐li Meng
- College of PharmacyChengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu China
| | - Yi Zhang
- College of Ethnic MedicineChengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu China
| | - Xiao‐fei Shen
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Ministry of Education), West China Second University HospitalSichuan University Chengdu China
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28
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Garg BK, Loring RH. GTS-21 has cell-specific anti-inflammatory effects independent of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214942. [PMID: 30947238 PMCID: PMC6448884 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
α7 Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) reportedly reduce inflammation by blocking effects of the important pro-inflammatory transcription factor, nuclear factor kappa-light chain-enhancer of B cells (NFκB). The α7 nAChR partial agonist GTS-21 reduces secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines including interleukin-6 (IL6) and tumor-necrosis factor (TNF) in models of endotoxemia and sepsis, and its anti-inflammatory effects are widely ascribed to α7 nAChR activation. However, mechanistic details of α7 nAChR involvement in GTS-21 effects on inflammatory pathways remain unclear. Here, we investigate how GTS-21 acts in two cell systems including the non-immune rat pituitary cell line GH4C1 expressing an NFκB-driven reporter gene and cytokine secretion by ex vivo cultures of primary mouse macrophages activated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). GTS-21 does not change TNF-stimulated NFκB signaling in GH4C1 cells expressing rat α7 nAChRs, suggesting that GTS-21 requires additional unidentified factors besides α7 nAChR expression to allow anti-inflammatory effects in these cells. In contrast, GTS-21 dose-dependently suppresses LPS-induced IL6 and TNF secretion in primary mouse macrophages endogenously expressing α7 nAChRs. GTS-21 also blocks TNF-induced phosphorylation of NFκB inhibitor alpha (IκBα), an important intermediary in NFκB signaling. However, α7 antagonists methyllycaconitine and α-bungarotoxin only partially reverse GTS-21 blockade of IL6 and TNF secretion. Further, GTS-21 significantly inhibited LPS-induced IL6 and TNF secretion in macrophages isolated from knockout mice lacking α7 nAChRs. These data indicate that even though a discrete component of the anti-inflammatory effects of GTS-21 requires expression of α7 nAChRs in macrophages, GTS-21 also has anti-inflammatory effects independent of these receptors depending on the cellular context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brijesh K. Garg
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ralph H. Loring
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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29
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Patel W, Moore PJ, Sassano MF, Lopes-Pacheco M, Aleksandrov AA, Amaral MD, Tarran R, Gray MA. Increases in cytosolic Ca 2+ induce dynamin- and calcineurin-dependent internalisation of CFTR. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:977-994. [PMID: 30547226 PMCID: PMC6394554 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2989-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is a cAMP-regulated, apical anion channel that regulates ion and fluid transport in many epithelia including the airways. We have previously shown that cigarette smoke (CS) exposure to airway epithelia causes a reduction in plasma membrane CFTR expression which correlated with a decrease in airway surface hydration. The effect of CS on CFTR was dependent on an increase in cytosolic Ca2+. However, the underlying mechanism for this Ca2+-dependent, internalisation of CFTR is unknown. To gain a better understanding of the effect of Ca2+ on CFTR, we performed whole cell current recordings to study the temporal effect of raising cytosolic Ca2+ on CFTR function. We show that an increase in cytosolic Ca2+ induced a time-dependent reduction in whole cell CFTR conductance, which was paralleled by a loss of cell surface CFTR expression, as measured by confocal and widefield fluorescence microscopy. The decrease in CFTR conductance and cell surface expression were both dynamin-dependent. Single channel reconstitution studies showed that raising cytosolic Ca2+ per se had no direct effect on CFTR. In fact, the loss of CFTR plasma membrane activity correlated with activation of calcineurin, a Ca2+-dependent phosphatase, suggesting that dephosphorylation of CFTR was linked to the loss of surface expression. In support of this, the calcineurin inhibitor, cyclosporin A, prevented the Ca2+-induced decrease in cell surface CFTR. These results provide a hitherto unrecognised role for cytosolic Ca2+ in modulating the residency of CFTR at the plasma membrane through a dynamin- and calcineurin-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waseema Patel
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
- Marsico Lung Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Patrick J Moore
- Marsico Lung Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - M Flori Sassano
- Marsico Lung Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Miquéias Lopes-Pacheco
- Faculty of Sciences, BioISI-Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, University of Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Andrei A Aleksandrov
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Cystic Fibrosis Research and Treatment Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Margarida D Amaral
- Faculty of Sciences, BioISI-Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, University of Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Robert Tarran
- Marsico Lung Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Cystic Fibrosis Research and Treatment Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Michael A Gray
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK.
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30
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Ebrahimpour A, Shrestha S, Bonnen MD, Eissa NT, Raghu G, Ghebre YT. Nicotine Modulates Growth Factors and MicroRNA to Promote Inflammatory and Fibrotic Processes. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2019; 368:169-178. [PMID: 30446578 PMCID: PMC6323623 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.118.252650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal disease that destroys the structure and function of the lungs. Risk factors include advanced age and genetic predisposition. However, tobacco use is the chief modifiable risk factor. The prevalence of tobacco use in IPF reaches up to 80%. Although tobacco smoke contains over 5000 chemicals, nicotine is a major component. Nicotine is a bioactive molecule that acts upon nicotinic acetylcholine receptors expressed on neuronal and non-neuronal cells including endothelial cells. Accordingly, it has a pleiotropic effect on cell proliferation and angiogenesis. The angiogenic effect is partly mediated by stimulation of growth factors including fibroblast, platelet-derived, and vascular endothelial growth factors. Nintedanib, a Food and Drug Administration-approved drug for IPF, works by inhibiting receptors for these growth factors, suggesting a pathobiologic role of the growth factors in IPF and a potential mechanism by which tobacco use may exacerbate the disease process; additionally, nicotine downregulates anti-inflammatory microRNAs (miRs) in lung cells. Here, we profiled the expression of miRs in lung tissues explanted from a lung injury model and examined the effect of nicotine on one of the identified miRs (miR-24) and its downstream targets. Our data show that miR-24 is downregulated during lung injury and is suppressed by nicotine. We also found that nicotine upregulates the expression of inflammatory cytokines targeted by miR-24. Finally, nicotine stimulated growth factors, fibroblast proliferation, collagen release, and expression of myofibroblast markers. Taken together, nicotine, alone or as a component of tobacco smoke, may accelerate the disease process in IPF through stimulation of growth factors and downregulation of anti-inflammatory miRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afshin Ebrahimpour
- Departments of Radiation Oncology (A.E., S.S., M.D.B., Y.T.G.) and Medicine, Section on Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (N.T.E., Y.T.G.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (G.R.)
| | - Samana Shrestha
- Departments of Radiation Oncology (A.E., S.S., M.D.B., Y.T.G.) and Medicine, Section on Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (N.T.E., Y.T.G.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (G.R.)
| | - Mark D Bonnen
- Departments of Radiation Oncology (A.E., S.S., M.D.B., Y.T.G.) and Medicine, Section on Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (N.T.E., Y.T.G.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (G.R.)
| | - N Tony Eissa
- Departments of Radiation Oncology (A.E., S.S., M.D.B., Y.T.G.) and Medicine, Section on Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (N.T.E., Y.T.G.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (G.R.)
| | - Ganesh Raghu
- Departments of Radiation Oncology (A.E., S.S., M.D.B., Y.T.G.) and Medicine, Section on Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (N.T.E., Y.T.G.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (G.R.)
| | - Yohannes T Ghebre
- Departments of Radiation Oncology (A.E., S.S., M.D.B., Y.T.G.) and Medicine, Section on Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (N.T.E., Y.T.G.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (G.R.)
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Bals R, Boyd J, Esposito S, Foronjy R, Hiemstra PS, Jiménez-Ruiz CA, Katsaounou P, Lindberg A, Metz C, Schober W, Spira A, Blasi F. Electronic cigarettes: a task force report from the European Respiratory Society. Eur Respir J 2019; 53:13993003.01151-2018. [PMID: 30464018 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01151-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
There is a marked increase in the development and use of electronic nicotine delivery systems or electronic cigarettes (ECIGs). This statement covers electronic cigarettes (ECIGs), defined as "electrical devices that generate an aerosol from a liquid" and thus excludes devices that contain tobacco. Database searches identified published articles that were used to summarise the current knowledge on the epidemiology of ECIG use; their ingredients and accompanied health effects; second-hand exposure; use of ECIGs for smoking cessation; behavioural aspects of ECIGs and social impact; in vitro and animal studies; and user perspectives.ECIG aerosol contains potentially toxic chemicals. As compared to conventional cigarettes, these are fewer and generally in lower concentrations. Second-hand exposures to ECIG chemicals may represent a potential risk, especially to vulnerable populations. There is not enough scientific evidence to support ECIGs as an aid to smoking cessation due to a lack of controlled trials, including those that compare ECIGs with licenced stop-smoking treatments. So far, there are conflicting data that use of ECIGs results in a renormalisation of smoking behaviour or for the gateway hypothesis. Experiments in cell cultures and animal studies show that ECIGs can have multiple negative effects. The long-term effects of ECIG use are unknown, and there is therefore no evidence that ECIGs are safer than tobacco in the long term. Based on current knowledge, negative health effects cannot be ruled out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Bals
- Dept of Internal Medicine V - Pulmonology, Allergology and Critical Care Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | | | - Susanna Esposito
- Pediatric Clinic, Dept of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Robert Foronjy
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pieter S Hiemstra
- Dept of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Paraskevi Katsaounou
- 1st ICU Evangelismos Hospital, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Anne Lindberg
- Dept of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Division of Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Carlos Metz
- Dept of Internal Medicine V - Pulmonology, Allergology and Critical Care Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schober
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Dept of Chemical Safety and Toxicology, Munich, Germany
| | - Avrum Spira
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Francesco Blasi
- Dept of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Internal Medicine Department, Respiratory Unit and Regional Adult Cystic Fibrosis Center, IRCCS Fondazione Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
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Madácsy T, Pallagi P, Maleth J. Cystic Fibrosis of the Pancreas: The Role of CFTR Channel in the Regulation of Intracellular Ca 2+ Signaling and Mitochondrial Function in the Exocrine Pancreas. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1585. [PMID: 30618777 PMCID: PMC6306458 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common genetic disorder that causes a significant damage in secretory epithelial cells due to the defective ion flux across the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) Cl- channel. Pancreas is one of the organs most frequently damaged by the disease leading to pancreatic insufficiency, abdominal pain and an increased risk of acute pancreatitis in CF patients causing a significant decrease in the quality of life. CFTR plays a central role in the pancreatic ductal secretory functions by carrying Cl- and HCO3 - ions across the apical membrane. Therefore pathophysiological studies in CF mostly focused on the effects of impaired ion secretion by pancreatic ductal epithelial cells leading to exocrine pancreatic damage. However, several studies indicated that CFTR has a central role in the regulation of intracellular signaling processes and is now more widely considered as a signaling hub in epithelial cells. In contrast, elevated intracellular Ca2+ level was observed in the lack of functional CFTR in different cell types including airway epithelial cells. In addition, impaired CFTR expression has been correlated with damaged mitochondrial function in epithelial cells. These alterations of intracellular signaling in CF are not well characterized in the exocrine pancreas yet. Therefore in this review we would like to summarize the complex role of CFTR in the exocrine pancreas with a special focus on the intracellular signaling and mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Madácsy
- First Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,HAS-USZ Momentum Epithel Cell Signalling and Secretion Research Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Petra Pallagi
- First Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Jozsef Maleth
- First Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,HAS-USZ Momentum Epithel Cell Signalling and Secretion Research Group, Szeged, Hungary.,Department of Public Health, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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Yamada M, Ichinose M. The Cholinergic Pathways in Inflammation: A Potential Pharmacotherapeutic Target for COPD. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1426. [PMID: 30559673 PMCID: PMC6287026 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In COPD, the activity of the cholinergic system is increased, which is one of the reasons for the airflow limitation caused by the contraction of airway smooth muscles. Therefore, blocking the contractive actions with anticholinergics is a useful therapeutic intervention to reduce the airflow limitation. In addition to the effects of bronchoconstriction and mucus secretion, accumulating evidence from animal models of COPD suggest acetylcholine has a role in inflammation. Experiments using muscarinic M3-receptor deficient mice or M3 selective antagonists revealed that M3-receptors on parenchymal cells, but not on hematopoietic cells, are involved in the pro-inflammatory effect of acetylcholine. Recently, combinations of long-acting β2 adrenergic agonists (LABAs) and long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMAs) have become available for COPD treatment. These dual long-acting bronchodilators may have synergistic anti-inflammatory effects because stimulation of β2 adrenergic receptors induces inhibitory effects in inflammatory cells via a different signaling pathway from that by antagonizing M3-receptor, though these anti-inflammatory effects have not been clearly demonstrated in COPD patients. In contrast to the pro-inflammatory effects by ACh via muscarinic receptors, it has been demonstrated that the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway, which involves the parasympathetic nervous systems, regulates excessive inflammatory responses to protect organs during tissue injury and infection. Stimulation of acetylcholine via the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) exerts inhibitory effects on leukocytes including macrophages and type 2 innate lymphoid cells. Although it remains unclear whether the inhibitory effects of acetylcholine via α7nAChR in inflammatory cells can regulate inflammation in COPD, neuroimmune interactions including the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway might serve as potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuhiro Yamada
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masakazu Ichinose
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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Zoli M, Pucci S, Vilella A, Gotti C. Neuronal and Extraneuronal Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors. Curr Neuropharmacol 2018; 16:338-349. [PMID: 28901280 PMCID: PMC6018187 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x15666170912110450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) belong to a super-family of Cys-loop ligand-gated ion chan-nels that respond to endogenous acetylcholine (ACh) or other cholinergic ligands. These receptors are also the targets of drugs such as nicotine (the main addictive agent delivered by cigarette smoke) and are involved in a variety of physiological and pathophysiological processes. Numerous studies have shown that the expression and/or function of nAChRs is com-promised in many neurological and psychiatric diseases. Furthermore, recent studies have shown that neuronal nAChRs are found in a large number of non-neuronal cell types in-cluding endothelial cells, glia, immune cells, lung epithelia and cancer cells where they regulate cell differentiation, prolifera-tion and inflammatory responses. The aim of this review is to describe the most recent findings concerning the structure and function of native nAChRs inside and outside the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Zoli
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Center for Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Susanna Pucci
- CNR, Neuroscience Institute-Milano, Biometra University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonietta Vilella
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Center for Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Cecilia Gotti
- CNR, Neuroscience Institute-Milano, Biometra University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Maruta K, Watanabe C, Hozumi H, Kurihara C, Furuhashi H, Takajo T, Okada Y, Shirakabe K, Higashiyama M, Komoto S, Tomita K, Nagao S, Ishizuka T, Miura S, Hokari R. Nicotine treatment ameliorates DSS-induced colitis by suppressing MAdCAM-1 expression and leukocyte recruitment. J Leukoc Biol 2018; 104:1013-1022. [PMID: 29901817 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3a0717-304r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The enhanced recruitment of leukocytes to the inflamed colon is a key feature of ulcerative colitis (UC). The gut-specific adhesion molecules involved in leukocyte recruitment have emerged as recent therapeutic targets. Nicotine absorbed from smoking has been reported to work protectively in UC patients. Our hypothesis is that nicotine may suppress the aberrant leukocyte recruitment and colonic inflammation via the suppression of the overexpressed gut-specific adhesion molecules in the inflamed colon. To test this hypothesis, the severity of colitis and the degree of leukocyte recruitment induced by gut-specific adhesion molecules were assessed in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) colitis mice (C57BL/6J mice treated with 3% DSS) with or without nicotine treatment. We also studied the in vitro changes in the expression of adhesion molecules by using a vascular endothelial cell line. DSS-induced colitis was accompanied by increases in disease activity index (DAI), histological score, recruitment of leukocytes, and the expression of adhesion molecules, mucosal vascular addressin cell adhesion molecule-1 (MAdCAM-1) and VCAM-1. Nicotine treatment significantly attenuated MAdCAM-1 expression, leukocyte recruitment, DAI, and histological score. The expression of β7-integrin, the ligand for MAdCAM-1, on leukocytes was not affected by nicotine treatment. In vitro study, the TNF-α-enhanced mRNA expression of MAdCAM-1 was reduced by the coadministration of nicotine in a dose-dependent manner, possibly via nicotinic receptor activation. These results supported our hypothesis that nicotine treatment ameliorated colitis through the suppression of MAdCAM-1 expression on the microvessels in the inflamed colon. Further investigation is warranted on the role of nicotine in the treatment of UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Maruta
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Chikako Watanabe
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hideaki Hozumi
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Chie Kurihara
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Furuhashi
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takeshi Takajo
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yoshikiyo Okada
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Shirakabe
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Masaaki Higashiyama
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Komoto
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kengo Tomita
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shigeaki Nagao
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Ishizuka
- Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Soichiro Miura
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Ryota Hokari
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
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Kaur G, Muthumalage T, Rahman I. Mechanisms of toxicity and biomarkers of flavoring and flavor enhancing chemicals in emerging tobacco and non-tobacco products. Toxicol Lett 2018; 288:143-155. [PMID: 29481849 PMCID: PMC6549714 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco products containing flavorings, such as electronic nicotine delivery devices (ENDS) or e-cigarettes, cigars/cigarillos, waterpipes, and heat-not-burn devices (iQOS) are continuously evolving. In addition to increasing the exposure of teenagers and adults to nicotine containing flavoring products and flavoring enhancers, chances of nicotine addiction through chronic use and abuse also increase. These flavorings are believed to be safe for ingestion, but little information is available about their effects on the lungs. In this review, we have discussed the in vitro and in vivo data on toxicity of flavoring chemicals in lung cells. We have further discussed the common flavoring agents, such as diacetyl and menthol, currently available detection methods, and the toxicological mechanisms associated with oxidative stress, inflammation, mucociliary clearance, and DNA damage in cells, mice, and humans. Finally, we present potential biomarkers that could be utilized for future risk assessment. This review provides crucial parameters important for evaluation of risk associated with flavoring agents and flavoring enhancers used in tobacco products and ENDS. Future studies can be designed to address the potential toxicity of inhaled flavorings and their biomarkers in users as well as in chronic exposure studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurjot Kaur
- Human and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Thivanka Muthumalage
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Irfan Rahman
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
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Zhang J, Wang Y, Jiang X, Chan HC. Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator-emerging regulator of cancer. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:1737-1756. [PMID: 29411041 PMCID: PMC11105598 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2755-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mutations of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) cause cystic fibrosis, the most common life-limiting recessive genetic disease among Caucasians. CFTR mutations have also been linked to increased risk of various cancers but remained controversial for a long time. Recent studies have begun to reveal that CFTR is not merely an ion channel but also an important regulator of cancer development and progression with multiple signaling pathways identified. In this review, we will first present clinical findings showing the correlation of genetic mutations or aberrant expression of CFTR with cancer incidence in multiple cancers. We will then focus on the roles of CFTR in fundamental cellular processes including transformation, survival, proliferation, migration, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in cancer cells, highlighting the signaling pathways involved. Finally, the association of CFTR expression levels with patient prognosis, and the potential of CFTR as a cancer prognosis indicator in human malignancies will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieting Zhang
- Faculty of Medicine, Epithelial Cell Biology Research Center, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education of China, Faculty of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
- School of Biomedical Sciences Core Laboratory, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Wang
- Faculty of Medicine, Epithelial Cell Biology Research Center, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education of China, Faculty of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
- School of Biomedical Sciences Core Laboratory, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Faculty of Medicine, Epithelial Cell Biology Research Center, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education of China, Faculty of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China.
- School of Biomedical Sciences Core Laboratory, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hsiao Chang Chan
- Faculty of Medicine, Epithelial Cell Biology Research Center, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education of China, Faculty of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China.
- School of Biomedical Sciences Core Laboratory, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China.
- Sichuan University-The Chinese University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
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Li H, Ma N, Wang J, Wang Y, Yuan C, Wu J, Luo M, Yang J, Chen J, Shi J, Liu X. Nicotine Induces Progressive Properties of Lung Adenocarcinoma A549 Cells by Inhibiting Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) Expression and Plasma Membrane Localization. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2018; 17:1533033818809984. [PMID: 30384810 PMCID: PMC6259057 DOI: 10.1177/1533033818809984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer remains one of the most common cancer-related deaths worldwide. The cigarette smoking is a risk factor for lung cancer development. Interestingly, the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator encoded by CFTR gene, an ATP-binding cassette transporter-class ion channel that conducts chloride and bicarbonate anions across membrane of epithelial cells, has recently been suggested to play a role in the development and progression of many types of cancer. It has been well-documented that mutations of CFTR gene are the cause of cystic fibrosis, the most common fatal hereditary lung disease in Caucasian population; the function of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator in the development of lung cancer however has not yet been established. In the present study, we aimed to interrogate the impact of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator on the nicotine-promoted progressive potency in lung adenocarcinoma cells by assessing capacities of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator to cell migration, invasion, and clonogenicity and the expression of markers of cell proliferation and lung stem cell-related transcription factors in lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells. The exposure of nicotine exhibited an ability to enhance progressive properties of adenocarcinoma cells including A549 cells, HCC827 cells, and PC-9 cells, alone with an inhibition of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator protein expression. Remarkably, an overexpression of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator significantly inhibited the progressive potency of A549 cells, including capacity of cell migration and invasion and clonogenicity, along with a decreased expression of cell proliferative markers Ki67, p63, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen, and cancer stem cell marker CD133, stem cell pluripotency-related transcription factors octamer-binding transcription factor ¾, and sex-determining region Y-box 2, regardless of the presence of nicotine. In contrast, opposite effects were observed in A549 cells that the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator was knockdown by short hairpin RNA to cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator. This study thus suggests that cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator may play a tumor suppressor role in lung cancer cells, which may be a novel therapeutic target warranted for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- College of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia,
China
- General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia,
China
| | - Ningxia Ma
- College of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia,
China
- General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia,
China
| | - Jing Wang
- Center of Laboratory Medicine, People’s Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous
Region, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia,
China
- General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia,
China
| | - Chao Yuan
- College of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Jing Wu
- College of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia,
China
| | - Meihui Luo
- College of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Jiali Yang
- General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia,
China
| | - Juan Chen
- General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia,
China
| | - Juan Shi
- General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia,
China
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- College of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia,
China
- General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia,
China
- College of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
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39
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Gahring LC, Myers EJ, Dunn DM, Weiss RB, Rogers SW. Lung epithelial response to cigarette smoke and modulation by the nicotinic alpha 7 receptor. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187773. [PMID: 29117258 PMCID: PMC5678682 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking (CS) is a principal contributor to a spectrum of devastating lung diseases whose occurrence and severity may vary between individuals and not appear for decades after prolonged use. One explanation for the variability and delay in disease onset is that nicotine, the addictive component of CS, acts through the ionotropic nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) alpha7 (α7) to modulate anti-inflammatory protection. In this study we measured the impact α7 signaling has on the mouse distal lung response to side-stream CS exposure for mice of the control genotype (α7G) and those in which the α7-receptor signaling mechanisms are restricted by point mutation (α7E260A:G). Flow cytometry results show that after CS there is an increase in a subset of CD11c (CD11chi) alveolar macrophages (AMs) and histology reveals an increase in these cells within the alveolar space in both genotypes although the α7E260A:G AMs tend to accumulate into large aggregates rather than more widely distributed solitary cells common to the α7G lung after CS. Changes to lung morphology with CS in both genotypes included increased tissue cavitation due to alveolar expansion and bronchial epithelium dysplasia in part associated with altered club cell morphology. RNA-Seq analysis revealed changes in epithelium gene expression after CS are largely independent of the α7-genotype. However, the α7E260A:G genotype did reveal some unique variations to transcript expression of gene sets associated with immune responsiveness and macrophage recruitment, hypoxia, genes encoding mitochondrial respiration complex I and extracellular fibrillary matrix proteins (including alterations to fibrotic deposits in the α7G proximal airway bronchioles after CS). These results suggest α7 has a central role in modulating the response to chronic CS that could include altering susceptibility to associated lung diseases including fibrosis and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorise C. Gahring
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Salt Lake City Veterans Administration Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth J. Myers
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Diane M. Dunn
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Robert B. Weiss
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Scott W. Rogers
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Salt Lake City Veterans Administration Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
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Garg BK, Loring RH. Evaluating Commercially Available Antibodies for Rat α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors. J Histochem Cytochem 2017; 65:499-512. [PMID: 28763248 DOI: 10.1369/0022155417725304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α7 nAChRs) are important drug targets in neurological disorders and inflammation, making their detection and localization by validated antibodies highly desirable. However, tests in knockout animals raised questions about specificity of antibodies to mouse α7 nAChRs. To date, methods for validating antibodies for rat or human α7 nAChR have not been reported. We developed a gel-shift assay for western blots using GH4C1 cells expressing either native rat receptors or α7 nAChR-green fluorescent protein (GFP) chimeras to evaluate seven commercially available α7 nAChR antibodies. Blots with anti-GFP antibody detected GFP or α7 nAChR-GFP expressed in GH4C1 cells, and 125I-α-bungarotoxin binding and RNA analysis demonstrated α7 nAChR expression. Validated samples were used to evaluate α7 nAChR antibodies by western blot and immunofluorescence studies. These methods confirmed that two of seven α7 nAChR antibodies identify gel-shifts for α7 nAChR/nAChR-GFP but only one antibody demonstrated low background and significant immunofluorescence differences between wild-type and α7 nAChR expressing GH4C1 cells. However, that polyclonal antibody displayed lot-to-lot variability. Our findings suggest that careful validation methods are required for all α7 nAChR receptor species and antibody lots and that the gel-shift assay may allow for relatively rapid antibody screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brijesh K Garg
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (BKG, RHL)
| | - Ralph H Loring
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (BKG, RHL)
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Laube BL, Afshar-Mohajer N, Koehler K, Chen G, Lazarus P, Collaco JM, McGrath-Morrow SA. Acute and chronic in vivo effects of exposure to nicotine and propylene glycol from an E-cigarette on mucociliary clearance in a murine model. Inhal Toxicol 2017. [PMID: 28651446 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2017.1336585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of an acute (1 week) and chronic (3 weeks) exposure to E-cigarette (E-cig) emissions on mucociliary clearance (MCC) in murine lungs. METHODS C57BL/6 male mice (age 10.5 ± 2.4 weeks) were exposed for 20 min/day to E-cigarette aerosol generated by a Joyetech 510-T® E-cig containing either 0% nicotine (N)/propylene glycol (PG) for 1 week (n = 6), or 3 weeks (n = 9), or 2.4% N/PG for one week (n = 6), or 3 weeks (n = 9), followed by measurement of MCC. Control mice (n = 15) were not exposed to PG alone, or N/PG. MCC was assessed by gamma camera following aspiration of 99mtechnetium aerosol and was expressed as the amount of radioactivity removed from both lungs over 6 hours (MCC6hrs). Venous blood was assayed for cotinine levels in control mice and in mice exposed for 3-weeks to PG alone and N/PG. RESULTS MCC6hrs in control mice and in mice acutely exposed to PG alone and N/PG was similar, averaging (±1 standard deviation) 8.6 ± 5.2%, 7.5 ± 2.8% and 11.2 ± 5.9%, respectively. In contrast, chronic exposure to PG alone stimulated MCC6hrs (17.2 ± 8.0)% and this stimulation was significantly blunted following chronic exposure to N/PG (8.7 ± 4.6)% (p < .05). Serum cotinine levels were <0.5 ng/ml in control mice and in mice exposed to PG alone, whereas, N/PG exposed mice averaged 14.6 ± 12.0 ng/ml. CONCLUSIONS In this murine model, a chronic, daily, 20 min-exposure to N/PG, but not an acute exposure, slowed MCC, compared to exposure to PG alone and led to systemic absorption of nicotine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth L Laube
- a Department of Pediatrics , Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Nima Afshar-Mohajer
- b Department of Environmental Health Sciences , Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Kirsten Koehler
- b Department of Environmental Health Sciences , Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Gang Chen
- c Department of Pharmaceutical Science , Washington State University , Spokane , WA , USA
| | - Philip Lazarus
- c Department of Pharmaceutical Science , Washington State University , Spokane , WA , USA
| | - Joseph M Collaco
- a Department of Pediatrics , Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Sharon A McGrath-Morrow
- a Department of Pediatrics , Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA
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Sassano MF, Ghosh A, Tarran R. Tobacco Smoke Constituents Trigger Cytoplasmic Calcium Release. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 3:193-198. [PMID: 28620626 DOI: 10.1089/aivt.2016.0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cytosolic Ca2+ is a universal second messenger that is involved in many processes throughout the body, including the regulation of cell growth/cell division, apoptosis, and the secretion of both ions, and macromolecules. Tobacco smoke exerts multiple effects on airway epithelia and we have previously shown that Kentucky reference cigarette smoke exposure elevated the second messenger Ca2+, leading to dysfunctional ion secretion. In this study, we tested whether little cigar and commercial cigarette smoke exposure exerts similar effects on intracellular Ca2+ levels. Indeed, Swisher Sweets, Captain Black, and Cheyenne little cigars, as well as Camel, Marlboro, and Newport cigarettes, triggered a comparable increase in intracellular Ca2+ as seen with Kentucky reference cigarettes in human bronchial epithelia. We also found that Kentucky reference cigarette smoke exposure caused increases in Ca2+ in HEK293T cells and that similar increases in Ca2+ were seen with the tobacco smoke metabolites 1-NH2-naphthalene, formaldehyde, nicotine, and nicotine-derived nitrosamine ketone. Given the large number of physiological processes governed by changes in cytosolic Ca2+, our data suggest that Ca2+ signaling is a useful and reproducible assay that can be used to probe the propensity of tobacco products and their constituents to cause toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Flori Sassano
- Marsico Lung Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Arunava Ghosh
- Marsico Lung Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Robert Tarran
- Marsico Lung Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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Crespi A, Colombo SF, Gotti C. Proteins and chemical chaperones involved in neuronal nicotinic receptor expression and function: an update. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 175:1869-1879. [PMID: 28294298 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuronal nicotinic ACh receptors (nAChRs) are a family of ACh-gated cation channels, and their homeostasis or proteostasis is essential for the correct physiology of the central and peripheral nervous systems. The proteostasis network regulates the folding, assembly, degradation and trafficking of nAChRs in order to ensure their efficient and functional expression at the cell surface. However, as nAChRs are multi-subunit, multi-span, integral membrane proteins, the folding and assembly is a very inefficient process, and only a small proportion of subunits can form functional pentamers. Moreover, the efficiency of assembly and trafficking varies widely depending on the nAChR subtypes and the cell type in which they are expressed. A detailed understanding of the mechanisms that regulate the functional expression of nAChRs in neurons and non-neuronal cells is therefore important. The purpose of this short review is to describe more recent findings concerning the chaperone proteins and target-specific and target-nonspecific pharmacological chaperones that modulate the expression of nAChR subtypes, and the possible mechanisms that underlie the dynamic changes of cell surface nAChRs. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v175.11/issuetoc.
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Clauzure M, Valdivieso ÁG, Massip-Copiz MM, Mori C, Dugour AV, Figueroa JM, Santa-Coloma TA. Intracellular Chloride Concentration Changes Modulate IL-1β Expression and Secretion in Human Bronchial Epithelial Cultured Cells. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:2131-2140. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariángeles Clauzure
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET) and School of Medical Sciences, Institute for Biomedical Research (BIOMED); Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina (UCA); Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Ángel G. Valdivieso
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET) and School of Medical Sciences, Institute for Biomedical Research (BIOMED); Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina (UCA); Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - María M. Massip-Copiz
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET) and School of Medical Sciences, Institute for Biomedical Research (BIOMED); Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina (UCA); Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Consuelo Mori
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET) and School of Medical Sciences, Institute for Biomedical Research (BIOMED); Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina (UCA); Buenos Aires Argentina
| | | | | | - Tomás A. Santa-Coloma
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET) and School of Medical Sciences, Institute for Biomedical Research (BIOMED); Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina (UCA); Buenos Aires Argentina
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Gahring LC, Myers EJ, Dunn DM, Weiss RB, Rogers SW. Nicotinic alpha 7 receptor expression and modulation of the lung epithelial response to lipopolysaccharide. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175367. [PMID: 28384302 PMCID: PMC5383308 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Nicotine modulates multiple inflammatory responses in the lung through the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subtype alpha7 (α7). Previously we reported that α7 modulates both the hematopoietic and epithelium responses in the lung to the bacterial inflammogen, lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Here we apply immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry and RNA-Seq analysis of isolated distal lung epithelium to further define α7-expression and function in this tissue. Mouse lines were used that co-express a bicistronic tau-green fluorescent protein (tGFP) as a reporter of α7 (α7G) expression and that harbor an α7 with a specific point mutation (α7E260A:G) that selectively uncouples it from cell calcium-signaling mechanisms. The tGFP reporter reveals strong cell-specific α7-expression by alveolar macrophages (AM), Club cells and ATII cells. Ciliated cells do not express detectible tGFP, but their numbers decrease by one-third in the α7E260A:G lung compared to controls. Transcriptional comparisons (RNA-Seq) between α7G and α7E260A:G enriched lung epithelium 24 hours after challenge with either intra-nasal (i.n.) saline or LPS reveals a robust α7-genotype impact on both the stasis and inflammatory response of this tissue. Overall the α7E260A:G lung epithelium exhibits reduced inflammatory cytokine/chemokine expression to i.n. LPS. Transcripts specific to Club cells (e.g., CC10, secretoglobins and Muc5b) or to ATII cells (e.g., surfactant proteins) were constitutively decreased in in the α7E260A:G lung, but they were strongly induced in response to i.n. LPS. Protein analysis applying immunohistochemistry and ELISA also revealed α7-associated differences suggested by RNA-Seq including altered mucin protein 5b (Muc5b) accumulation in the α7E260A:G bronchia, that in some cases appeared to form airway plugs, and a substantial increase in extracellular matrix deposits around α7E260A:G airway bronchia linings that was not seen in controls. Our results show that α7 is an important modulator of normal gene expression stasis and the response to an inhaled inflammogen in the distal lung epithelium. Further, when normal α7 signaling is disrupted, changes in lung gene expression resemble those associated with long-term lung pathologies seen in humans who use inhaled nicotine products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorise C. Gahring
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Salt Lake City Veterans Administration Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- * E-mail: (LCG); (SWR)
| | - Elizabeth J. Myers
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Diane M. Dunn
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Robert B. Weiss
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Scott W. Rogers
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Salt Lake City Veterans Administration Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- * E-mail: (LCG); (SWR)
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Bodas M, Van Westphal C, Carpenter-Thompson R, K Mohanty D, Vij N. Nicotine exposure induces bronchial epithelial cell apoptosis and senescence via ROS mediated autophagy-impairment. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 97:441-453. [PMID: 27394171 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Waterpipe smoking and e-cigarette vaping, the non-combustible sources of inhaled nicotine exposure are increasingly becoming popular and marketed as safer alternative to cigarette smoking. Hence, this study was designed to investigate the impact of inhaled nicotine exposure on disease causing COPD-emphysema mechanisms. For in vitro studies, human bronchial epithelial cells (Beas2b) were treated with waterpipe smoke extract (WPSE, 5%), nicotine (5mM), and/or cysteamine (250μM, an autophagy inducer and anti-oxidant drug), for 6hrs. We observed significantly (p<0.05) increased ubiquitinated protein-accumulation in the insoluble protein fractions of Beas2b cells treated with WPSE or nicotine that could be rescued by cysteamine treatment, suggesting aggresome-formation and autophagy-impairment. Moreover, our data also demonstrate that both WPSE and nicotine exposure significantly (p<0.05) elevates Ub-LC3β co-localization to aggresome-bodies while inducing Ub-p62 co-expression/accumulation, verifying autophagy-impairment. We also found that WPSE and nicotine exposure impacts Beas2b cell viability by significantly (p<0.05) inducing cellular apoptosis/senescence via ROS-activation, as it could be controlled by cysteamine, which is known to have an anti-oxidant property. For murine studies, C57BL/6 mice were administered with inhaled nicotine (intranasal, 500μg/mouse/day for 5 days), as an experimental model of non-combustible nicotine exposure. The inhaled nicotine exposure mediated oxidative-stress induces autophagy-impairment in the murine lungs as seen by significant (p<0.05, n=4) increase in the expression levels of nitrotyrosine protein-adduct (oxidative-stress marker, soluble-fraction) and Ub/p62/VCP (impaired-autophagy marker, insoluble-fraction). Overall, our data shows that nicotine, a common component of WPS, e-cigarette vapor and cigarette smoke, induces bronchial epithelial cell apoptosis and senescence via ROS mediated autophagy-impairment as a potential mechanism for COPD-emphysema pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Bodas
- College of Medicine, Central Michigan University, Mt Pleasant, MI, United States
| | - Colin Van Westphal
- College of Medicine, Central Michigan University, Mt Pleasant, MI, United States
| | | | - Dillip K Mohanty
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Central Michigan University, Mt Pleasant, MI, United States
| | - Neeraj Vij
- College of Medicine, Central Michigan University, Mt Pleasant, MI, United States; Department of Pediatrics and Pulmonary Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.
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Feingold D, Starc T, O'Donnell MJ, Nilson L, Dent JA. The orphan pentameric ligand-gated ion channel pHCl-2 is gated by pH and regulates fluid secretion in Drosophila Malpighian tubules. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 219:2629-38. [PMID: 27358471 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.141069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Pentameric ligand-gated ion channels (pLGICs) constitute a large protein superfamily in metazoa whose role as neurotransmitter receptors mediating rapid, ionotropic synaptic transmission has been extensively studied. Although the vast majority of pLGICs appear to be neurotransmitter receptors, the identification of pLGICs in non-neuronal tissues and homologous pLGIC-like proteins in prokaryotes points to biological functions, possibly ancestral, that are independent of neuronal signalling. Here, we report the molecular and physiological characterization of a highly divergent, orphan pLGIC subunit encoded by the pHCl-2 (CG11340) gene, in Drosophila melanogaster We show that pHCl-2 forms a channel that is insensitive to a wide array of neurotransmitters, but is instead gated by changes in extracellular pH. pHCl-2 is expressed in the Malpighian tubules, which are non-innervated renal-type secretory tissues. We demonstrate that pHCl-2 is localized to the apical membrane of the epithelial principal cells of the tubules and that loss of pHCl-2 reduces urine production during diuresis. Our data implicate pHCl-2 as an important source of chloride conductance required for proper urine production, highlighting a novel role for pLGICs in epithelial tissues regulating fluid secretion and osmotic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Feingold
- Department of Biology, McGill University, 1205 Dr Penfield, Montreal, QC, Canada H3A 1B1
| | - Tanja Starc
- Institute of Neuroscience, Technische Universität München, Biedersteiner Strasse 29, München Bau 601D-80802, Germany
| | - Michael J O'Donnell
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, Canada L8S 4K1
| | - Laura Nilson
- Department of Biology, McGill University, 1205 Dr Penfield, Montreal, QC, Canada H3A 1B1
| | - Joseph A Dent
- Department of Biology, McGill University, 1205 Dr Penfield, Montreal, QC, Canada H3A 1B1
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Raju SV, Solomon GM, Dransfield MT, Rowe SM. Acquired Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Dysfunction in Chronic Bronchitis and Other Diseases of Mucus Clearance. Clin Chest Med 2015; 37:147-58. [PMID: 26857776 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccm.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major public health problem. No therapies alter the natural history of the disease. Chronic bronchitis is perhaps the most clinically troublesome phenotype. Emerging data strongly suggest that cigarette smoke and its components can lead to acquired cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) dysfunction. Findings in vitro, in animal models, and in smokers with and without COPD also show acquired CFTR dysfunction, which is associated with chronic bronchitis. This abnormality is also present in extrapulmonary organs, suggesting that CFTR dysfunction may contribute to smoking-related systemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Vamsee Raju
- Department of Medicine, Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Department of Cell Developmental and Integrative Biology, The Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - George M Solomon
- Department of Medicine, Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Mark T Dransfield
- Department of Medicine, The UAB Lung Health Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Steven M Rowe
- Department of Medicine, Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Department of Cell Developmental and Integrative Biology, The Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Department of Pediatrics, The Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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Dittrich NP, Kummer W, Clauss WG, Fronius M. Luminal acetylcholine does not affect the activity of the CFTR in tracheal epithelia of pigs. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 29:166-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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50
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Fiori NS, Fassa AG, Faria NMX, Meucci RD, Miranda VI, Christiani DC. Wheezing in tobacco farm workers in southern Brazil. Am J Ind Med 2015; 58:1217-28. [PMID: 26471879 PMCID: PMC4732558 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.22447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tobacco workers are exposed to several respiratory occupational sensitizers. METHODS A representative cross-sectional study was carried out on 2469 tobacco family farming growers. Gender-stratified multivariate analyses evaluated the association between wheezing and socio-demographic, behavioral, and occupational variables. RESULTS Wheezing prevalence was 11.0% with no difference between genders. Among men, age, smoking, strenuous work, pesticide use, contact with vegetable dust and dried tobacco dust, lifting sticks with tobacco leaves to the curing barns, and green tobacco sickness (GTS) were risk factors for wheezing. Among women, family history of asthma, tying hands of tobacco, strenuous work, contact with chemical disinfectants, and GTS were positively associated with wheezing. Harvesting lower tobacco leaves was a protective factor for the outcome in both genders. CONCLUSIONS Pesticides, dusts exposure, and GTS were risk factors for wheezing. The synergic effect of these factors needs to be better evaluated to improve prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Spada Fiori
- Social Medicine Department, Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
- Takemi Program in International Health, Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Anaclaudia Gastal Fassa
- Social Medicine Department, Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | | | - Rodrigo Dalke Meucci
- Social Medicine Department, Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Iribarrem Miranda
- Social Medicine Department, Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - David C. Christiani
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
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