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Ensel S, Uhrig L, Ozkirli A, Hoffner G, Tasserie J, Dehaene S, Van De Ville D, Jarraya B, Pirondini E. Transient brain activity dynamics discriminate levels of consciousness during anesthesia. Commun Biol 2024; 7:716. [PMID: 38858589 PMCID: PMC11164921 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06335-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The awake mammalian brain is functionally organized in terms of large-scale distributed networks that are constantly interacting. Loss of consciousness might disrupt this temporal organization leaving patients unresponsive. We hypothesize that characterizing brain activity in terms of transient events may provide a signature of consciousness. For this, we analyze temporal dynamics of spatiotemporally overlapping functional networks obtained from fMRI transient activity across different anesthetics and levels of anesthesia. We first show a striking homology in spatial organization of networks between monkeys and humans, indicating cross-species similarities in resting-state fMRI structure. We then track how network organization shifts under different anesthesia conditions in macaque monkeys. While the spatial aspect of the networks is preserved, their temporal dynamics are highly affected by anesthesia. Networks express for longer durations and co-activate in an anesthetic-specific configuration. Additionally, hierarchical brain organization is disrupted with a consciousness-level-signature role of the default mode network. In conclusion, large-scale brain network temporal dynamics capture differences in anesthetic-specific consciousness-level, paving the way towards a clinical translation of these cortical signature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Ensel
- Rehab and Neural Engineering Labs, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lynn Uhrig
- NeuroSpin Center, Institute of BioImaging Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Gif/Yvette, France
- Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, INSERM, U992, Gif/Yvette, France
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Necker Hospital, AP-HP, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Ayberk Ozkirli
- Neuro-X Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Guylaine Hoffner
- NeuroSpin Center, Institute of BioImaging Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Gif/Yvette, France
- Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, INSERM, U992, Gif/Yvette, France
| | - Jordy Tasserie
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Brain Circuit Therapeutics Department of Neurology Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stanislas Dehaene
- Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, INSERM, U992, Gif/Yvette, France
- Collège de France, Paris, France
| | - Dimitri Van De Ville
- Neuro-X Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Béchir Jarraya
- NeuroSpin Center, Institute of BioImaging Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Gif/Yvette, France
- Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, INSERM, U992, Gif/Yvette, France
- Université Paris-Saclay (UVSQ), Saclay, France
- Neuroscience Pole, Foch Hospital, Suresnes, France
| | - Elvira Pirondini
- Rehab and Neural Engineering Labs, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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2
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Chen Y, Zhang L, Yin H. Different emotion regulation strategies mediate the relations of corresponding connections within the default-mode network to sleep quality. Brain Imaging Behav 2024; 18:302-314. [PMID: 38057650 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-023-00828-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite a long history of interest in the relation of emotion regulation to sleep quality, how different strategies link with sleep quality at the neural level is still poorly understood. Thus, we utilized the process model of emotion regulation as an organizing framework for examining the neurological underpinning of the links between the two emotion regulation strategies and sleep quality. 183 young adults (51.7% females, Mage = 22.16) were guided to undergo the MRI scans and then complete the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the emotion regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) formed by two dimensions: cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression. Results found that emotion regulation mediated the association between functional connectivity within the intrinsic default-mode network (DMN) and sleep quality. Specifically, rsFC analysis showed that cognitive reappraisal was positively correlated with rsFC within DMN, including left superior temporal gyrus (lSTG)-left lateral occipital cortex (lLOC), lSTG-left anterior cingulate gyrus (lACG), right lateral occipital cortex (rLOC)-left middle frontal gyrus (lMFG), and rLOC-lSTG. Further mediation analysis indicated a mediated role of cognitive reappraisal in the links between the four connectivity within the DMN and sleep quality. In addition, expressive suppression was positively correlated with rsFC within DMN, including left precuneus cortex (lPrcu)-right Temporal Pole (rTP) and lPrcu- lSTG. Further mediation analysis indicated a mediated role of expressive suppression in the links between the two connectivity within the DMN and sleep quality. Overall, this finding supports the process model of emotion regulation in that the effects of reappraisal and suppression have varying neural circuits that impact that strategy's effect on sleep quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Chen
- Department of Psychology, School of Education Science, Hunan Normal University, 36 Lushan Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
- Centre for Mind & Brain Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Psychology, School of Education Science, Hunan Normal University, 36 Lushan Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
- Centre for Mind & Brain Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Huazhan Yin
- Department of Psychology, School of Education Science, Hunan Normal University, 36 Lushan Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China.
- Centre for Mind & Brain Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.
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3
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Güntürkün O, Pusch R, Rose J. Why birds are smart. Trends Cogn Sci 2024; 28:197-209. [PMID: 38097447 PMCID: PMC10940863 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2023.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Many cognitive neuroscientists believe that both a large brain and an isocortex are crucial for complex cognition. Yet corvids and parrots possess non-cortical brains of just 1-25 g, and these birds exhibit cognitive abilities comparable with those of great apes such as chimpanzees, which have brains of about 400 g. This opinion explores how this cognitive equivalence is possible. We propose four features that may be required for complex cognition: a large number of associative pallial neurons, a prefrontal cortex (PFC)-like area, a dense dopaminergic innervation of association areas, and dynamic neurophysiological fundaments for working memory. These four neural features have convergently evolved and may therefore represent 'hard to replace' mechanisms enabling complex cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onur Güntürkün
- Biopsychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany; Research Center One Health Ruhr, Research Alliance Ruhr, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
| | - Roland Pusch
- Biopsychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Jonas Rose
- Neural Basis of Learning, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
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4
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Xu J, Wiemken A, Langham MC, Rao H, Nabbout M, Caporale AS, Schwab RJ, Detre JA, Wehrli FW. Sleep-stage-dependent alterations in cerebral oxygen metabolism quantified by magnetic resonance. J Neurosci Res 2024; 102:e25313. [PMID: 38415989 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
A key function of sleep is to provide a regular period of reduced brain metabolism, which is critical for maintenance of healthy brain function. The purpose of this work was to quantify the sleep-stage-dependent changes in brain energetics in terms of cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2 ) as a function of sleep stage using quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with concurrent electroencephalography (EEG) during sleep in the scanner. Twenty-two young and older subjects with regular sleep hygiene and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) in the normal range were recruited for the study. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) and venous oxygen saturation (SvO2 ) were obtained simultaneously at 3 Tesla field strength and 2.7-s temporal resolution during an 80-min time series using OxFlow, an in-house developed imaging sequence. The method yields whole-brain CMRO2 in absolute physiologic units via Fick's Principle. Nineteen subjects yielded evaluable data free of subject motion artifacts. Among these subjects, 10 achieved slow-wave (N3) sleep, 16 achieved N2 sleep, and 19 achieved N1 sleep while undergoing the MRI protocol during scanning. Mean CMRO2 was 98 ± 7(μmol min-1 )/100 g awake, declining progressively toward deepest sleep stage: 94 ± 10.8 (N1), 91 ± 11.4 (N2), and 76 ± 9.0 μmol min-1 /100 g (N3), with each level differing significantly from the wake state. The technology described is able to quantify cerebral oxygen metabolism in absolute physiologic units along with non-REM sleep stage, indicating brain oxygen consumption to be closely associated with depth of sleep, with deeper sleep stages exhibiting progressively lower CMRO2 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- Laboratory for Structural, Physiological, and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Andrew Wiemken
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michael C Langham
- Laboratory for Structural, Physiological, and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Hengyi Rao
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Marianne Nabbout
- Laboratory for Structural, Physiological, and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alessandra S Caporale
- Laboratory for Structural, Physiological, and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, 'G. d'Annunzio University' of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies (ITAB), 'G. d'Annunzio University' of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Richard J Schwab
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - John A Detre
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Felix W Wehrli
- Laboratory for Structural, Physiological, and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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5
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Simor P, Polner B, Báthori N, Bogdány T, Sifuentes Ortega R, Peigneux P. Reduced REM and N2 sleep, and lower dream intensity predict increased mind-wandering. Sleep 2024; 47:zsad297. [PMID: 37976037 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsad297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Mind-wandering is a mental state in which attention shifts from the present environment or current task to internally driven, self-referent mental content. Homeostatic sleep pressure seems to facilitate mind-wandering as indicated by studies observing links between increased mind-wandering and impaired sleep. Nevertheless, previous studies mostly relied on cross-sectional measurements and self-reports. We aimed to combine the accuracy of objective sleep measures with the use of self-reports in a naturalistic setting in order to examine if objective sleep parameters predict the tendency for increased mind-wandering on the following day. We used mobile sleep electroencephalographic (EEG) headbands and self-report scales over 7 consecutive nights in a group of 67 healthy participants yielding ~400 analyzable nights. Nights with more wakefulness and shorter REM and slow wave sleep were associated with poorer subjective sleep quality at the intraindividual level. Reduced REM and N2 sleep, as well as less intense dream experiences, predicted more mind-wandering the following day. Our micro-longitudinal study indicates that intraindividual fluctuations in the duration of specific sleep stages predict the perception of sleep quality as assessed in the morning, as well as the intensity of daytime mind-wandering the following hours. The combined application of sleep EEG assessments and self-reports over repeated assessments provides new insights into the subtle intraindividual, night-to-day associations between nighttime sleep and the next day's subjective experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Péter Simor
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bertalan Polner
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Donders Centre for Cognition, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Noémi Báthori
- Department of Cognitive Science, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Budapest University of Technology and Economics
| | - Tamás Bogdány
- Doctoral School of Psychology, ELTE, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Rebeca Sifuentes Ortega
- UR2NF, Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Unit at CRCN affiliated at Center for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences and UNI - ULB Neurosciences Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Belgium
| | - Philippe Peigneux
- UR2NF, Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Unit at CRCN affiliated at Center for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences and UNI - ULB Neurosciences Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Belgium
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6
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Kharchenko V, Zhdanova IV. The Wave Model of Sleep Dynamics and an Invariant Relationship between NonREM and REM Sleep. Clocks Sleep 2023; 5:686-716. [PMID: 37987397 PMCID: PMC10660848 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep5040046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Explaining the complex structure and dynamics of sleep, which consist of alternating and physiologically distinct nonREM and REM sleep episodes, has posed a significant challenge. In this study, we demonstrate that a single-wave model concept captures the distinctly different overnight dynamics of the four primary sleep measures-the duration and intensity of nonREM and REM sleep episodes-with high quantitative precision for both regular and extended sleep. The model also accurately predicts how these polysomnographic measures respond to sleep deprivation or abundance. Furthermore, the model passes the ultimate test, as its prediction leads to a novel experimental finding-an invariant relationship between the duration of nonREM episodes and the intensity of REM episodes, the product of which remains constant over consecutive sleep cycles. These results suggest a functional unity between nonREM and REM sleep, establishing a comprehensive and quantitative framework for understanding normal sleep and sleep disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasili Kharchenko
- Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA;
- Institute for Theoretical Atomic, Molecular & Optical Physics, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Irina V. Zhdanova
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- BioChron LLC, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
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7
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Yates TS, Ellis CT, Turk-Browne NB. Functional networks in the infant brain during sleep and wake states. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:10820-10835. [PMID: 37718160 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional brain networks are assessed differently earlier versus later in development: infants are almost universally scanned asleep, whereas adults are typically scanned awake. Observed differences between infant and adult functional networks may thus reflect differing states of consciousness rather than or in addition to developmental changes. We explore this question by comparing functional networks in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scans of infants during natural sleep and awake movie-watching. As a reference, we also scanned adults during awake rest and movie-watching. Whole-brain functional connectivity was more similar within the same state (sleep and movie in infants; rest and movie in adults) compared with across states. Indeed, a classifier trained on patterns of functional connectivity robustly decoded infant state and even generalized to adults; interestingly, a classifier trained on adult state did not generalize as well to infants. Moreover, overall similarity between infant and adult functional connectivity was modulated by adult state (stronger for movie than rest) but not infant state (same for sleep and movie). Nevertheless, the connections that drove this similarity, particularly in the frontoparietal control network, were modulated by infant state. In sum, infant functional connectivity differs between sleep and movie states, highlighting the value of awake fMRI for studying functional networks over development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan S Yates
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Cameron T Ellis
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Nicholas B Turk-Browne
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
- Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
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8
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Simor P, Peigneux P, Bódizs R. Sleep and dreaming in the light of reactive and predictive homeostasis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 147:105104. [PMID: 36804397 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Dreams are often viewed as fascinating but irrelevant mental epihenomena of the sleeping mind with questionable functional relevance. Despite long hours of oneiric activity, and high individual differences in dream recall, dreams are lost into oblivion. Here, we conceptualize dreaming and dream amnesia as inherent aspects of the reactive and predictive homeostatic functions of sleep. Mental activity during sleep conforms to the interplay of restorative processes and future anticipation, and particularly during the second half of the night, it unfolds as a special form of non-constrained, self-referent, and future-oriented cognitive process. Awakening facilitates constrained, goal-directed prospection that competes for shared neural resources with dream production and dream recall, and contributes to dream amnesia. We present the neurophysiological aspects of reactive and predictive homeostasis during sleep, highlighting the putative role of cortisol in predictive homeostasis and forgetting dreams. The theoretical and methodological aspects of our proposal are discussed in relation to the study of dreaming, dream recall, and sleep-related cognitive processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Péter Simor
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary; UR2NF, Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Unit at CRCN - Center for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences and UNI - ULB Neurosciences Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Philippe Peigneux
- UR2NF, Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Unit at CRCN - Center for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences and UNI - ULB Neurosciences Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Róbert Bódizs
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
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9
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Benarroch E. What Is the Involvement of the Cerebellum During Sleep? Neurology 2023; 100:572-577. [PMID: 36941065 PMCID: PMC10033165 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000207161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
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10
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Togawa J, Matsumoto R, Usami K, Matsuhashi M, Inouchi M, Kobayashi K, Hitomi T, Nakae T, Shimotake A, Yamao Y, Kikuchi T, Yoshida K, Kunieda T, Miyamoto S, Takahashi R, Ikeda A. Enhanced phase-amplitude coupling of human electrocorticography selectively in the posterior cortical region during rapid eye movement sleep. Cereb Cortex 2022; 33:486-496. [PMID: 35288751 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The spatiotemporal dynamics of interaction between slow (delta or infraslow) waves and fast (gamma) activities during wakefulness and sleep are yet to be elucidated in human electrocorticography (ECoG). We evaluated phase-amplitude coupling (PAC), which reflects neuronal coding in information processing, using ECoG in 11 patients with intractable focal epilepsy. PAC was observed between slow waves of 0.5-0.6 Hz and gamma activities, not only during light sleep and slow-wave sleep (SWS) but even during wakefulness and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. While PAC was high over a large region during SWS, it was stronger in the posterior cortical region around the temporoparietal junction than in the frontal cortical region during REM sleep. PAC tended to be higher in the posterior cortical region than in the frontal cortical region even during wakefulness. Our findings suggest that the posterior cortical region has a functional role in REM sleep and may contribute to the maintenance of the dreaming experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jumpei Togawa
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.,Department of Respiratory Care and Sleep Control Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Riki Matsumoto
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.,Divison of Neurology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Kiyohide Usami
- Department of Epilepsy, Movement Disorders and Physiology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Masao Matsuhashi
- Department of Epilepsy, Movement Disorders and Physiology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Morito Inouchi
- Department of Epilepsy, Movement Disorders and Physiology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.,Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto 612-8555, Japan
| | - Katsuya Kobayashi
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Takefumi Hitomi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Takuro Nakae
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Shiga General Hospital, Moriyama, Shiga 524-8524, Japan
| | - Akihiro Shimotake
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Yamao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kikuchi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Kazumichi Yoshida
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Takeharu Kunieda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, To-on, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Susumu Miyamoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Akio Ikeda
- Department of Epilepsy, Movement Disorders and Physiology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
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11
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Matei M, Bergel A, Pezet S, Tanter M. Global dissociation of the posterior amygdala from the rest of the brain during REM sleep. Commun Biol 2022; 5:1306. [PMID: 36443640 PMCID: PMC9705305 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04257-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid-eye-movement sleep (REMS) or paradoxical sleep is associated with intense neuronal activity, fluctuations in autonomic control, body paralysis and brain-wide hyperemia. The mechanisms and functions of these energy-demanding patterns remain elusive and a global picture of brain activation during REMS is currently missing. In the present work, we performed functional ultrasound imaging on rats over multiple coronal and sagittal brain sections during hundreds of spontaneous REMS episodes to provide the spatiotemporal dynamics of vascular activity in 259 brain regions spanning more than 2/3 of the total brain volume. We first demonstrate a dissociation between basal/midbrain and cortical structures, the first ones sustaining tonic activation during REMS while the others are activated in phasic bouts. Second, we isolated the vascular compartment in our recordings and identified arteries in the anterior part of the brain as strongly involved in the blood supply during REMS episodes. Finally, we report a peculiar activation pattern in the posterior amygdala, which is strikingly disconnected from the rest of the brain during most REMS episodes. This last finding suggests that the amygdala undergoes specific processing during REMS and may be linked to the regulation of emotions and the creation of dream content during this very state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Matei
- grid.15736.360000 0001 1882 0021Physics for Medicine Paris, Inserm U1273, ESPCI Paris, CNRS UMR 8063, Paris Sciences et Lettres research University, Paris, France
| | - Antoine Bergel
- grid.15736.360000 0001 1882 0021Physics for Medicine Paris, Inserm U1273, ESPCI Paris, CNRS UMR 8063, Paris Sciences et Lettres research University, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Pezet
- grid.15736.360000 0001 1882 0021Physics for Medicine Paris, Inserm U1273, ESPCI Paris, CNRS UMR 8063, Paris Sciences et Lettres research University, Paris, France
| | - Mickaël Tanter
- grid.15736.360000 0001 1882 0021Physics for Medicine Paris, Inserm U1273, ESPCI Paris, CNRS UMR 8063, Paris Sciences et Lettres research University, Paris, France
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12
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Demertzi A, Kucyi A, Ponce-Alvarez A, Keliris GA, Whitfield-Gabrieli S, Deco G. Functional network antagonism and consciousness. Netw Neurosci 2022; 6:998-1009. [PMID: 38800457 PMCID: PMC11117090 DOI: 10.1162/netn_a_00244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous brain activity changes across states of consciousness. A particular consciousness-mediated configuration is the anticorrelations between the default mode network and other brain regions. What this antagonistic organization implies about consciousness to date remains inconclusive. In this Perspective Article, we propose that anticorrelations are the physiological expression of the concept of segregation, namely the brain's capacity to show selectivity in the way areas will be functionally connected. We postulate that this effect is mediated by the process of neural inhibition, by regulating global and local inhibitory activity. While recognizing that this effect can also result from other mechanisms, neural inhibition helps the understanding of how network metastability is affected after disrupting local and global neural balance. In combination with relevant theories of consciousness, we suggest that anticorrelations are a physiological prior that can work as a marker of preserved consciousness. We predict that if the brain is not in a state to host anticorrelations, then most likely the individual does not entertain subjective experience. We believe that this link between anticorrelations and the underlying physiology will help not only to comprehend how consciousness happens, but also conceptualize effective interventions for treating consciousness disorders in which anticorrelations seem particularly affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athena Demertzi
- Physiology of Cognition, GIGA Consciousness Research Unit, GIGA Institute (B34), Sart Tilman, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Psychology and Neuroscience of Cognition (PsyNCog), Faculty of Psychology, Logopedics and Educational Sciences, Sart Tilman, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- GIGA-CRC In Vivo Imaging, Sart Tilman, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Fund for Scientific Research, FNRS, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Aaron Kucyi
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Adrián Ponce-Alvarez
- Center for Brain and Cognition, Computational Neuroscience Group, Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Georgios A. Keliris
- Bio-Imaging Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Susan Whitfield-Gabrieli
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
- Northeastern University Biomedical Imaging Center (NUBIC), Northeastern University Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering Complex (ISEC), Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gustavo Deco
- Center for Brain and Cognition, Computational Neuroscience Group, Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de la Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Neuropsychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, and Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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13
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Cortico-cortical and thalamo-cortical connectivity during non-REM and REM sleep: Insights from intracranial recordings in humans. Clin Neurophysiol 2022; 143:84-94. [PMID: 36166901 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2022.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study changes of thalamo-cortical and cortico-cortical connectivity during wakefulness, non-Rapid Eye Movement (non-REM) sleep, including N2 and N3 stages, and REM sleep, using stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) recording in humans. METHODS We studied SEEG recordings of ten patients during wakefulness, non-REM sleep and REM sleep, in seven brain regions of interest including the thalamus. We calculated directed and undirected functional connectivity using a measure of non-linear correlation coefficient h2. RESULTS The thalamus was more connected to other brain regions during N2 stage and REM sleep than during N3 stage during which cortex was more connected than the thalamus. We found two significant directed links: the first from the prefrontal region to the lateral parietal region in the delta band during N3 sleep and the second from the thalamus to the insula during REM sleep. CONCLUSIONS These results showed that cortico-cortical connectivity is more prominent in N3 stage than in N2 and REM sleep. During REM sleep we found significant thalamo-insular connectivity, with a driving role of the thalamus. SIGNIFICANCE We found a pattern of cortical connectivity during N3 sleep concordant with antero-posterior traveling slow waves. The thalamus seemed particularly involved as a hub of connectivity during REM sleep.
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14
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McLeod GA, Abbasian P, Toutant D, Ghassemi A, Duke T, Rycyk C, Serletis D, Moussavi Z, Ng MC. Sleep-wake states change the interictal localization of candidate epileptic source generators. Sleep 2022; 45:6547903. [PMID: 35279715 PMCID: PMC9189983 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsac062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES To compare estimated epileptic source localizations from 5 sleep-wake states (SWS): wakefulness (W), rapid eye movement sleep (REM), and non-REM 1-3. METHODS Electrical source localization (sLORETA) of interictal spikes from different SWS on surface EEG from the epilepsy monitoring unit at spike peak and take-off, with results mapped to individual brain models for 75% of patients. Concordance was defined as source localization voxels shared between 2 and 5 SWS, and discordance as those unique to 1 SWS against 1-4 other SWS. RESULTS 563 spikes from 16 prospectively recruited focal epilepsy patients across 161 day-nights. SWS exerted significant differences at spike peak but not take-off. Source localization size did not vary between SWS. REM localizations were smaller in multifocal than unifocal patients (28.8% vs. 54.4%, p = .0091). All five SWS contributed about 45% of their localizations to converge onto 17.0 ± 15.5% voxels. Against any one other SWS, REM was least concordant (54.4% vs. 66.9%, p = .0006) and most discordant (39.3% vs. 29.6%, p = .0008). REM also yielded the most unique localizations (20.0% vs. 8.6%, p = .0059). CONCLUSIONS REM was best suited to identify candidate epileptic sources. sLORETA proposes a model in which an "omni-concordant core" of source localizations shared by all five SWS is surrounded by a "penumbra" of source localizations shared by some but not all SWS. Uniquely, REM spares this core to "move" source voxels from the penumbra to unique cortex not localized by other SWS. This may reflect differential intra-spike propagation in REM, which may account for its reported superior localizing abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham A McLeod
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Parandoush Abbasian
- Medical Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,CancerCare Manitoba Research Institute, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Darion Toutant
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | | | - Tyler Duke
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Conrad Rycyk
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Demitre Serletis
- Charles Shor Epilepsy Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Zahra Moussavi
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Marcus C Ng
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Section of Neurology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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15
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A. Markovics J. Training the Conductor of the Brainwave Symphony: In Search of a Common Mechanism of Action for All Methods of Neurofeedback. ARTIF INTELL 2022. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.98343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
There are several different methods of neurofeedback, most of which presume an operant conditioning model whereby the subject learns to control their brain activity in particular regions of the brain and/or at particular brainwave frequencies based on reinforcement. One method, however, called infra-low frequency [ILF] neurofeedback cannot be explained through this paradigm, yet it has profound effects on brain function. Like a conductor of a symphony, recent evidence demonstrates that the primary ILF (typically between 0.01–0.1 Hz), which correlates with the fluctuation of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood in the brain, regulates all of the classic brainwave bands (i.e. alpha, theta, delta, beta, gamma). The success of ILF neurofeedback suggests that all forms of neurofeedback may work through a similar mechanism that does not fit the operant conditioning paradigm. This chapter focuses on the possible mechanisms of action for ILF neurofeedback, which may be generalized, based on current evidence.
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16
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Baird B, Aparicio MK, Alauddin T, Riedner B, Boly M, Tononi G. Episodic thought distinguishes spontaneous cognition in waking from REM and NREM sleep. Conscious Cogn 2022; 97:103247. [PMID: 34864360 PMCID: PMC8752510 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2021.103247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Evidence suggests continuity between cognition in waking and sleeping states. However, one type of cognition that may differ is episodic thoughts of the past and future. The current study investigated this across waking, NREM sleep and REM sleep. We analyzed thought reports obtained from a large sample of individuals (N = 138) who underwent experience-sampling during wakefulness as well as serial awakenings in sleep. Our data suggest that while episodic thoughts are common during waking spontaneous thought, episodic thoughts of both the past and the future rarely occur in either N2 or REM sleep. Moreover, replicating previous findings, episodic thoughts during wakefulness exhibit a strong prospective bias and frequently involve autobiographical planning. Together, these results suggest that the occurrence of spontaneous episodic thoughts differs substantially across waking and dreaming sleep states. We suggest that this points to a difference in the way that human consciousness is typically experienced across the sleep-wake cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Baird
- Center for Sleep and Consciousness, Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - Mariel Kalkach Aparicio
- Center for Sleep and Consciousness, Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Tariq Alauddin
- Center for Sleep and Consciousness, Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Brady Riedner
- Center for Sleep and Consciousness, Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Melanie Boly
- Center for Sleep and Consciousness, Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Giulio Tononi
- Center for Sleep and Consciousness, Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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17
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Hong CCH, Fallon JH, Friston KJ. fMRI Evidence for Default Mode Network Deactivation Associated with Rapid Eye Movements in Sleep. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11111528. [PMID: 34827529 PMCID: PMC8615877 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11111528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
System-specific brain responses—time-locked to rapid eye movements (REMs) in sleep—are characteristically widespread, with robust and clear activation in the primary visual cortex and other structures involved in multisensory integration. This pattern suggests that REMs underwrite hierarchical processing of visual information in a time-locked manner, where REMs index the generation and scanning of virtual-world models, through multisensory integration in dreaming—as in awake states. Default mode network (DMN) activity increases during rest and reduces during various tasks including visual perception. The implicit anticorrelation between the DMN and task-positive network (TPN)—that persists in REM sleep—prompted us to focus on DMN responses to temporally-precise REM events. We timed REMs during sleep from the video recordings and quantified the neural correlates of REMs—using functional MRI (fMRI)—in 24 independent studies of 11 healthy participants. A reanalysis of these data revealed that the cortical areas exempt from widespread REM-locked brain activation were restricted to the DMN. Furthermore, our analysis revealed a modest temporally-precise REM-locked decrease—phasic deactivation—in key DMN nodes, in a subset of independent studies. These results are consistent with hierarchical predictive coding; namely, permissive deactivation of DMN at the top of the hierarchy (leading to the widespread cortical activation at lower levels; especially the primary visual cortex). Additional findings indicate REM-locked cerebral vasodilation and suggest putative mechanisms for dream forgetting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Chong-Hwa Hong
- Patuxent Institution, Correctional Mental Health Center—Jessup, Jessup, MD 20794, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-410-596-1956
| | - James H. Fallon
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA;
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Karl J. Friston
- The Well Come Centre for Human Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3AR, UK;
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18
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Alcaide S, Sitt J, Horikawa T, Romano A, Maldonado AC, Ibanez A, Sigman M, Kamitani Y, Barttfeld P. fMRI lag structure during waking up from early sleep stages. Cortex 2021; 142:94-103. [PMID: 34256198 PMCID: PMC11170464 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2021.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The brain mechanisms by which we transition from sleep to a conscious state remain largely unknown in humans, partly because of methodological challenges. Here we study a pre-existing dataset of waking up participants originally designed for a study of dreaming (Horikawa, Tamaki, Miyawaki, & Kamitani, 2013) and suggest that suddenly awakening from early sleep stages results from a two-stage process that involves a sequence of cortical and subcortical brain activity. First, subcortical and sensorimotor structures seem to be recruited before most cortical regions, followed by fast, ignition-like whole-brain activation-with frontal regions engaging a little after the rest of the brain. Second, a comparably slower and possibly mirror-reversed stage might take place, with cortical regions activating before subcortical structures and the cerebellum. This pattern of activation points to a key role of subcortical structures for the initiation and maintenance of conscious states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Alcaide
- Cognitive Science Group, Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas, Facultad de Psicología Universidad Nacional de Córdoba - CONICET, Argentina
| | - Jacobo Sitt
- INSERM, U 1127, F-75013 Paris, France; Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Tomoyasu Horikawa
- Computational Neuroscience Laboratories, Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International (ATR), Kyoto, Japan
| | - Alvaro Romano
- Cognitive Science Group, Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas, Facultad de Psicología Universidad Nacional de Córdoba - CONICET, Argentina
| | - Ana Carolina Maldonado
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad de Córdoba, CIEM-CONICET, Spain
| | - Agustín Ibanez
- Latin American Brain Health (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile; National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Cognitive Neuroscience Center (CNC), Universidad de San Andrés, Argentina; Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI), University of California San Francisco (UCSF), USA
| | - Mariano Sigman
- Laboratorio de Neurociencia, Universidad Torcuato Di Tella, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Facultad de Lenguas y Educación, Universidad Nebrija, Madrid, Spain
| | - Yukiyasu Kamitani
- Computational Neuroscience Laboratories, Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International (ATR), Kyoto, Japan; Graduate School of Informatics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Pablo Barttfeld
- Cognitive Science Group, Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas, Facultad de Psicología Universidad Nacional de Córdoba - CONICET, Argentina.
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19
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The relationship between cognitive ability and BOLD activation across sleep-wake states. Brain Imaging Behav 2021; 16:305-315. [PMID: 34432229 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-021-00504-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The sleep spindle, a waxing and waning oscillation in the sigma frequency range, has been shown to correlate with fluid intelligence; i.e. the ability to use logic, learn novel rules/patterns, and solve problems. Using simultaneous EEG and fMRI, we previously identified the neural correlates of this relationship, including activation of the thalamus, bilateral putamen, medial frontal gyrus, middle cingulate cortex, and precuneus. However, research to date has focussed primarily on non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, and spindles per se, thus overlooking the possibility that brain activity that occurs in other sleep-wake states might also be related to cognitive abilities. In our current study, we sought to investigate whether brain activity across sleep/wake states is also related to human intelligence in N = 29 participants. During NREM sleep, positive correlations were observed between fluid intelligence and blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) activations in the bilateral putamen and the paracentral lobule/precuneus, as well as between short-term memory (STM) abilities and activity in the medial frontal cortex and inferior frontal gyrus. During wake, activity in bilateral postcentral gyri and occipital lobe was positively correlated with short-term memory abilities. In participants who experienced REM sleep in the scanner, fluid intelligence was positively associated with midbrain activation, and verbal intelligence was associated with right postcentral gyrus activation. These findings provide evidence that the relationship between sleep and intellectual abilities exists beyond sleep spindles.
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20
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Chen Y, Zhang J. How Energy Supports Our Brain to Yield Consciousness: Insights From Neuroimaging Based on the Neuroenergetics Hypothesis. Front Syst Neurosci 2021; 15:648860. [PMID: 34295226 PMCID: PMC8291083 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2021.648860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Consciousness is considered a result of specific neuronal processes and mechanisms in the brain. Various suggested neuronal mechanisms, including the information integration theory (IIT), global neuronal workspace theory (GNWS), and neuronal construction of time and space as in the context of the temporospatial theory of consciousness (TTC), have been laid forth. However, despite their focus on different neuronal mechanisms, these theories neglect the energetic-metabolic basis of the neuronal mechanisms that are supposed to yield consciousness. Based on the findings of physiology-induced (sleep), pharmacology-induced (general anesthesia), and pathology-induced [vegetative state/unresponsive wakeful syndrome (VS/UWS)] loss of consciousness in both human subjects and animals, we, in this study, suggest that the energetic-metabolic processes focusing on ATP, glucose, and γ-aminobutyrate/glutamate are indispensable for functional connectivity (FC) of normal brain networks that renders consciousness possible. Therefore, we describe the energetic-metabolic predispositions of consciousness (EPC) that complement the current theories focused on the neural correlates of consciousness (NCC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical college, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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21
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Lydic R, Baghdoyan HA. Prefrontal Cortex Metabolome Is Modified by Opioids, Anesthesia, and Sleep. Physiology (Bethesda) 2021; 36:203-219. [PMID: 34159803 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00043.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obtundation of wakefulness caused by opioids and loss of wakefulness caused by anesthetics and sleep significantly alter concentrations of molecules comprising the prefrontal cortex (PFC) metabolome. Quantifying state-selective changes in the PFC metabolome is essential for advancing functional metabolomics. Diverse functions of the PFC suggest the PFC metabolome as a potential therapeutic entry point for countermeasures to state-selective autonomic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph Lydic
- Psychology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee.,Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
| | - Helen A Baghdoyan
- Psychology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee.,Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
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22
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Houldin E, Fang Z, Ray LB, Stojanoski B, Owen AM, Fogel SM. Reversed and increased functional connectivity in non-REM sleep suggests an altered rather than reduced state of consciousness relative to wake. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11943. [PMID: 34099771 PMCID: PMC8184935 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91211-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep resting state network (RSN) functional connectivity (FC) is poorly understood, particularly for rapid eye movement (REM), and in non-sleep deprived subjects. REM and non-REM (NREM) sleep involve competing drives; towards hypersynchronous cortical oscillations in NREM; and towards wake-like desynchronized oscillations in REM. This study employed simultaneous electroencephalography-functional magnetic resonance imaging (EEG-fMRI) to explore whether sleep RSN FC reflects these opposing drives. As hypothesized, this was confirmed for the majority of functional connections modulated by sleep. Further, changes were directional: e.g., positive wake correlations trended towards negative correlations in NREM and back towards positive correlations in REM. Moreover, the majority did not merely reduce magnitude, but actually either reversed and strengthened in the opposite direction, or increased in magnitude during NREM. This finding supports the notion that NREM is best expressed as having altered, rather than reduced FC. Further, as many of these functional connections comprised “higher-order” RSNs (which have been previously linked to cognition and consciousness), such as the default mode network, this finding is suggestive of possibly concomitant alterations to cognition and consciousness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan Houldin
- Brain & Mind Institute, Western Interdisciplinary Research Building, Western University, London, N6A 5B7, Canada.,Department of Neuroscience, Western University, 1151 Richmond St. N., London, N6A 3K7, Canada.,Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
| | - Zhuo Fang
- Brain & Mind Institute, Western Interdisciplinary Research Building, Western University, London, N6A 5B7, Canada.,University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, 451 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Laura B Ray
- Brain & Mind Institute, Western Interdisciplinary Research Building, Western University, London, N6A 5B7, Canada.,The Royal's Institute for Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, 1145 Carling Ave, Ottawa, K1Z 7K4, Canada
| | - Bobby Stojanoski
- Brain & Mind Institute, Western Interdisciplinary Research Building, Western University, London, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Adrian M Owen
- Brain & Mind Institute, Western Interdisciplinary Research Building, Western University, London, N6A 5B7, Canada.,Department of Psychology, Western University, London, N6A 5C2, Canada
| | - Stuart M Fogel
- Brain & Mind Institute, Western Interdisciplinary Research Building, Western University, London, N6A 5B7, Canada. .,University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, 451 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, K1H 8M5, Canada. .,The Royal's Institute for Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, 1145 Carling Ave, Ottawa, K1Z 7K4, Canada. .,Department of Psychology, Western University, London, N6A 5C2, Canada. .,School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, 136 Jean-Jacques Lussier, Ottawa, K1N 6N5, Canada.
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23
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Jing W, Xia Y, Li M, Cui Y, Chen M, Xue M, Guo D, Biswal BB, Yao D. State-independent and state-dependent patterns in the rat default mode network. Neuroimage 2021; 237:118148. [PMID: 33984491 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Resting-state studies have typically assumed constant functional connectivity (FC) between brain regions, and these parameters of interest provide meaningful descriptions of the functional organization of the brain. A number of studies have recently provided evidence pointing to dynamic FC fluctuations in the resting brain, especially in higher-order regions such as the default mode network (DMN). The neural activities underlying dynamic FC remain poorly understood. Here, we recorded electrophysiological signals from DMN regions in freely behaving rats. The dynamic FCs between signals within the DMN were estimated by the phase locking value (PLV) method with sliding time windows across vigilance states [quiet wakefulness (QW) and slow-wave and rapid eye movement sleep (SWS and REMS)]. Factor analysis was then performed to reveal the hidden patterns within the DMN. We identified distinct spatial FC patterns according to the similarities between their temporal dynamics. Interestingly, some of these patterns were vigilance state-dependent, while others were independent across states. The temporal contributions of these patterns fluctuated over time, and their interactive relationships were different across vigilance states. These spatial patterns with dynamic temporal contributions and combinations may offer a flexible framework for efficiently integrating information to support cognition and behavior. These findings provide novel insights into the dynamic functional organization of the rat DMN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jing
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for NeuroInformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China; Research Unit of NeuroInformation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU035 Chengdu, China; Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 4030030, China
| | - Yang Xia
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for NeuroInformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China; Research Unit of NeuroInformation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU035 Chengdu, China
| | - Min Li
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for NeuroInformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China; Research Unit of NeuroInformation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU035 Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Cui
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for NeuroInformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China; Research Unit of NeuroInformation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU035 Chengdu, China
| | - Mingming Chen
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for NeuroInformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China; Research Unit of NeuroInformation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU035 Chengdu, China; School of Electrical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Miaomiao Xue
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for NeuroInformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China; Research Unit of NeuroInformation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU035 Chengdu, China
| | - Daqing Guo
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for NeuroInformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China; Research Unit of NeuroInformation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU035 Chengdu, China
| | - Bharat B Biswal
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for NeuroInformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China; Research Unit of NeuroInformation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU035 Chengdu, China; Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07103, United States.
| | - Dezhong Yao
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for NeuroInformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China; Research Unit of NeuroInformation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU035 Chengdu, China; School of Electrical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
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24
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Higher-order sensorimotor circuit of the brain's global network supports human consciousness. Neuroimage 2021; 231:117850. [PMID: 33582277 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.117850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Consciousness is a mental characteristic of the human mind, whose exact neural features remain unclear. We aimed to identify the critical nodes within the brain's global functional network that support consciousness. To that end, we collected a large fMRI resting state dataset with subjects in at least one of the following three consciousness states: preserved (including the healthy awake state, and patients with a brain injury history (BI) that is fully conscious), reduced (including the N1-sleep state, and minimally conscious state), and lost (including the N3-sleep state, anesthesia, and unresponsive wakefulness state). We also included a unique dataset of subjects in rapid eye movement sleep state (REM-sleep) to test for the presence of consciousness with minimum movements and sensory input. To identify critical nodes, i.e., hubs, within the brain's global functional network, we used a graph-theoretical measure of degree centrality conjoined with ROI-based functional connectivity. Using these methods, we identified various higher-order sensory and motor regions including the supplementary motor area, bilateral supramarginal gyrus (part of inferior parietal lobule), supragenual/dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, and left middle temporal gyrus, that could be important hubs whose degree centrality was significantly reduced when consciousness was reduced or absent. Additionally, we identified a sensorimotor circuit, in which the functional connectivity among these regions was significantly correlated with levels of consciousness across the different groups, and remained present in the REM-sleep group. Taken together, we demonstrated that regions forming a higher-order sensorimotor integration circuit are involved in supporting consciousness within the brain's global functional network. That offers novel and more mechanism-guided treatment targets for disorders of consciousness.
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25
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Chen L, Bedard P, Hallett M, Horovitz SG. Dynamics of Top-Down Control and Motor Networks in Parkinson's Disease. Mov Disord 2021; 36:916-926. [PMID: 33404161 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients might be related to high-level task-control deficits. We aimed at investigating the dynamics between sensorimotor network and top-down control networks (frontal-parietal, cingulo-opercular, and cerebellar) in PD and at determining the effects of levodopa on the dynamics of these networks. METHODS We investigated dynamic functional connectivity (dFC), during resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging, between sensorimotor network and top-down control networks in 36 PD patients (OFF medication, PD-OFF) and 36 healthy volunteers. We further assessed the effect of medication on dFC in18 PD patients who were also scanned ON medication. RESULTS The dFC analyses identified three discrete states: State I (35.68%) characterized by connections between the cerebellum and sensorimotor network, State II (34.17%) with connections between the sensorimotor and frontal-parietal network, and State III (30.15%) with connection between the sensorimotor and cingulo-opercular network. PD patients have significantly fewer occurrences and overall spent less time (shorter dwell time) in State II compared to healthy controls. After levodopa intake, dwell time improved toward normal. The change in dwell time before and after taking levodopa was negatively related to the respective changes in Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale, Part III. PD-OFF showed significantly decreased connectivity between sensorimotor and control networks and increased connectivity within control networks. These changes were partially improved after levodopa intake. CONCLUSIONS Dopamine depletion in PD is associated with abnormalities in temporal and spatial properties between cognitive control and sensorimotor network, possibly contributing to clinical deficits. Levodopa partially restores the network function toward the values observed in healthy volunteers. © 2021 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- Human Motor Control Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Patrick Bedard
- Human Motor Control Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mark Hallett
- Human Motor Control Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Silvina G Horovitz
- Human Motor Control Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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26
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Avram M, Rogg H, Korda A, Andreou C, Müller F, Borgwardt S. Bridging the Gap? Altered Thalamocortical Connectivity in Psychotic and Psychedelic States. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:706017. [PMID: 34721097 PMCID: PMC8548726 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.706017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychiatry has a well-established tradition of comparing drug-induced experiences to psychotic symptoms, based on shared phenomena such as altered perceptions. The present review focuses on experiences induced by classic psychedelics, which are substances capable of eliciting powerful psychoactive effects, characterized by distortions/alterations of several neurocognitive processes (e.g., hallucinations). Herein we refer to such experiences as psychedelic states. Psychosis is a clinical syndrome defined by impaired reality testing, also characterized by impaired neurocognitive processes (e.g., hallucinations and delusions). In this review we refer to acute phases of psychotic disorders as psychotic states. Neuropharmacological investigations have begun to characterize the neurobiological mechanisms underpinning the shared and distinct neurophysiological changes observed in psychedelic and psychotic states. Mounting evidence indicates changes in thalamic filtering, along with disturbances in cortico-striato-pallido-thalamo-cortical (CSPTC)-circuitry, in both altered states. Notably, alterations in thalamocortical functional connectivity were reported by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies. Thalamocortical dysconnectivity and its clinical relevance are well-characterized in psychotic states, particularly in schizophrenia research. Specifically, studies report hyperconnectivity between the thalamus and sensorimotor cortices and hypoconnectivity between the thalamus and prefrontal cortices, associated with patients' psychotic symptoms and cognitive disturbances, respectively. Intriguingly, studies also report hyperconnectivity between the thalamus and sensorimotor cortices in psychedelic states, correlating with altered visual and auditory perceptions. Taken together, the two altered states appear to share clinically and functionally relevant dysconnectivity patterns. In this review we discuss recent findings of thalamocortical dysconnectivity, its putative extension to CSPTC circuitry, along with its clinical implications and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihai Avram
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Schleswig Holstein University Hospital, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Helena Rogg
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Schleswig Holstein University Hospital, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Alexandra Korda
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Schleswig Holstein University Hospital, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Christina Andreou
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Schleswig Holstein University Hospital, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Felix Müller
- Department of Psychiatry (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Borgwardt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Schleswig Holstein University Hospital, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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27
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Waters F, Barnby JM, Blom JD. Hallucination, imagery, dreaming: reassembling stimulus-independent perceptions based on Edmund Parish's classic misperception framework. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020; 376:20190701. [PMID: 33308065 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Within the broad field of human perception lies the category of stimulus-independent perceptions, which draws together experiences such as hallucinations, mental imagery and dreams. Traditional divisions between medical and psychological sciences have contributed to these experiences being investigated separately. This review aims to examine their similarities and differences at the levels of phenomenology and underlying brain function and thus reassemble them within a common framework. Using Edmund Parish's historical work as a guiding tool and the latest research findings in the cognitive, clinical and computational sciences, we consider how different perspectives may be reconciled and help generate novel hypotheses for future research. This article is part of the theme issue 'Offline perception: voluntary and spontaneous perceptual experiences without matching external stimulation'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavie Waters
- Clinical Research Centre, Graylands Hospital, North Metropolitan Health Service-Mental Health, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Psychological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Joseph M Barnby
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College, London, UK
| | - Jan Dirk Blom
- Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Parnassia Psychiatric Institute, The Hague, The Netherlands.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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28
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Vallat R, Nicolas A, Ruby P. Brain functional connectivity upon awakening from sleep predicts interindividual differences in dream recall frequency. Sleep 2020; 43:5864676. [PMID: 32597973 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsaa116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Why do some individuals recall dreams every day while others hardly ever recall one? We hypothesized that sleep inertia-the transient period following awakening associated with brain and cognitive alterations-could be a key mechanism to explain interindividual differences in dream recall at awakening. To test this hypothesis, we measured the brain functional connectivity (combined electroencephalography-functional magnetic resonance imaging) and cognition (memory and mental calculation) of high dream recallers (HR, n = 20) and low dream recallers (LR, n = 18) in the minutes following awakening from an early-afternoon nap. Resting-state scans were acquired just after or before a 2 min mental calculation task, before the nap, 5 min after awakening from the nap, and 25 min after awakening. A comic was presented to the participants before the nap with no explicit instructions to memorize it. Dream(s) and comic recall were collected after the first post-awakening scan. As expected, between-group contrasts of the functional connectivity at 5 min post-awakening revealed a pattern of enhanced connectivity in HR within the default mode network (DMN) and between regions of the DMN and regions involved in memory processes. At the behavioral level, a between-group difference was observed in dream recall, but not comic recall. Our results provide the first evidence that brain functional connectivity right after awakening is associated with interindividual trait differences in dream recall and suggest that the brain connectivity of HR at awakening facilitates the maintenance of the short-term memory of the dream during the sleep-wake transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Vallat
- Department of Psychology, Center for Human Sleep Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA.,Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), Brain Dynamics and Cognition team (DYCOG), INSERM UMRS 1028, CNRS UMR 5292, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Alain Nicolas
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), Brain Dynamics and Cognition team (DYCOG), INSERM UMRS 1028, CNRS UMR 5292, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Perrine Ruby
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), Brain Dynamics and Cognition team (DYCOG), INSERM UMRS 1028, CNRS UMR 5292, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
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29
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Henry JP. Comment les neurosciences recherchent la clé des songes. Med Sci (Paris) 2020; 36:929-934. [DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2020134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Le sommeil est une succession de deux phases : le sommeil profond d’une part et le sommeil paradoxal d’autre part, qui possède des caractères propres à la veille et au sommeil, ce qui a conduit à proposer que cette phase hébergerait les rêves. Cette hypothèse est maintenant considérée comme simplificatrice, le sommeil profond abritant aussi des rêves aux caractéristiques différentes. Dans ces conditions, déterminer les structures cérébrales associées au rêve est difficile. Le rêve et la veille impliquent les mêmes mécanismes. L’origine des stimulations du cortex, en l’absence de stimulation externe, reste débattue et la fonction du rêve incomprise. Pour certains, le rêve pourrait être un épiphénomène provoqué par le bruit de fond de la transmission synaptique.
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30
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Simor P, van der Wijk G, Nobili L, Peigneux P. The microstructure of REM sleep: Why phasic and tonic? Sleep Med Rev 2020; 52:101305. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2020.101305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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31
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Li SJ, Lo YC, Lai HY, Lin SH, Lin HC, Lin TC, Chang CW, Chen TC, Chin-Jung Hsieh C, Yang SH, Chiu FM, Kuo CH, Chen YY. Uncovering the Modulatory Interactions of Brain Networks in Cognition with Central Thalamic Deep Brain Stimulation Using Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Neuroscience 2020; 440:65-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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32
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Uitermarkt BD, Bruss J, Hwang K, Boes AD. Rapid eye movement sleep patterns of brain activation and deactivation occur within unique functional networks. Hum Brain Mapp 2020; 41:3984-3992. [PMID: 32573885 PMCID: PMC7469766 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is a paradoxical state where the individual appears asleep while the electroencephalogram pattern resembles that of wakefulness. Regional differences in brain metabolism have been observed during REM sleep compared to wakefulness, but it is not known whether the spatial distribution of metabolic differences corresponds to known functional networks in the brain. Here, we use a combination of techniques to evaluate the networks associated with sites of REM sleep activation and deactivation from previously published positron emission tomography studies. We use seed‐based functional connectivity from healthy adults acquired during quiet rest to show that REM‐activation regions are functionally connected in a network that includes retrosplenial cingulate cortex, parahippocampal gyrus, and extrastriate visual cortices, corresponding to components of the default mode network and visual networks. Regions deactivated during REM sleep localize to right‐lateralized fronto‐parietal and salience networks. A negatively correlated relationship was observed between REM‐activation and deactivation networks. Together, these findings show that regional activation and deactivation patterns of REM sleep tend to occur in distinct functional connectivity networks that are present during wakefulness, providing insights regarding the differential contributions of brain regions to the distinct subjective experiences that occur during REM sleep (dreaming) relative to wakefulness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandt D Uitermarkt
- Neuroimaging and Noninvasive Brain Stimulation Laboratory, Departments of Pediatrics, Neurology & Psychiatry, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Joel Bruss
- Neuroimaging and Noninvasive Brain Stimulation Laboratory, Departments of Pediatrics, Neurology & Psychiatry, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Kai Hwang
- Hwang Laboratory for Neurocognitive Dynamics, Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Aaron D Boes
- Neuroimaging and Noninvasive Brain Stimulation Laboratory, Departments of Pediatrics, Neurology & Psychiatry, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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33
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Miyazaki T, Kanda T, Tsujino N, Ishii R, Nakatsuka D, Kizuka M, Kasagi Y, Hino H, Yanagisawa M. Dynamics of Cortical Local Connectivity during Sleep-Wake States and the Homeostatic Process. Cereb Cortex 2020; 30:3977-3990. [PMID: 32037455 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep exerts modulatory effects on the cerebral cortex. Whether sleep modulates local connectivity in the cortex or only individual neural activity, however, is poorly understood. Here we investigated functional connectivity, that is, covarying activity between neurons, during spontaneous sleep-wake states and during and after sleep deprivation using calcium imaging of identified excitatory/inhibitory neurons in the motor cortex. Functional connectivity was estimated with a statistical learning approach glasso and quantified by "the probability of establishing connectivity (sparse/dense)" and "the strength of the established connectivity (weak/strong)." Local cortical connectivity was sparse in non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep and dense in REM sleep, which was similar in both excitatory and inhibitory neurons. The overall mean strength of the connectivity did not differ largely across spontaneous sleep-wake states. Sleep deprivation induced strong excitatory/inhibitory and dense inhibitory, but not excitatory, connectivity. Subsequent NREM sleep after sleep deprivation exhibited weak excitatory/inhibitory, sparse excitatory, and dense inhibitory connectivity. These findings indicate that sleep-wake states modulate local cortical connectivity, and the modulation is large and compensatory for stability of local circuits during the homeostatic control of sleep, which contributes to plastic changes in neural information flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehiro Miyazaki
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kanda
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Natsuko Tsujino
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Ryo Ishii
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Daiki Nakatsuka
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Mariko Kizuka
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kasagi
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Hideitsu Hino
- Department of Statistical Modeling, The Institute of Statistical Mathematics, Tokyo 190-8562, Japan
| | - Masashi Yanagisawa
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9050, USA.,Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.,R&D Center for Frontiers of Mirai in Policy and Technology (F-MIRAI), University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
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34
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Lacaux C, Izabelle C, Santantonio G, De Villèle L, Frain J, Lubart T, Pizza F, Plazzi G, Arnulf I, Oudiette D. Increased creative thinking in narcolepsy. Brain 2020; 142:1988-1999. [PMID: 31143939 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awz137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Some studies suggest a link between creativity and rapid eye movement sleep. Narcolepsy is characterized by falling asleep directly into rapid eye movement sleep, states of dissociated wakefulness and rapid eye movement sleep (cataplexy, hypnagogic hallucinations, sleep paralysis, rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder and lucid dreaming) and a high dream recall frequency. Lucid dreaming (the awareness of dreaming while dreaming) has been correlated with creativity. Given their life-long privileged access to rapid eye movement sleep and dreams, we hypothesized that subjects with narcolepsy may have developed high creative abilities. To test this assumption, 185 subjects with narcolepsy and 126 healthy controls were evaluated for their level of creativity with two questionnaires, the Test of Creative Profile and the Creativity Achievement Questionnaire. Creativity was also objectively tested in 30 controls and 30 subjects with narcolepsy using the Evaluation of Potential Creativity test battery, which measures divergent and convergent modes of creative thinking in the graphic and verbal domains, using concrete and abstract problems. Subjects with narcolepsy obtained higher scores than controls on the Test of Creative Profile (mean ± standard deviation: 58.9 ± 9.6 versus 55.1 ± 10, P = 0.001), in the three creative profiles (Innovative, Imaginative and Researcher) and on the Creative Achievement Questionnaire (10.4 ± 25.7 versus 6.4 ± 7.6, P = 0.047). They also performed better than controls on the objective test of creative performance (4.3 ± 1.5 versus 3.7 ± 1.4; P = 0.009). Most symptoms of narcolepsy (including sleepiness, hypnagogic hallucinations, sleep paralysis, lucid dreaming, and rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder, but not cataplexy) were associated with higher scores on the Test of Creative Profile. These results highlight a higher creative potential in subjects with narcolepsy and further support a role of rapid eye movement sleep in creativity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Célia Lacaux
- Sorbonne University, IHU@ICM, INSERM, CNRS UMR7225, Paris, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service des Pathologies du Sommeil, National Reference Centre for Narcolepsy, Paris, France
| | - Charlotte Izabelle
- Sorbonne University, IHU@ICM, INSERM, CNRS UMR7225, Paris, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service des Pathologies du Sommeil, National Reference Centre for Narcolepsy, Paris, France
| | - Giulio Santantonio
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Laure De Villèle
- Sorbonne University, IHU@ICM, INSERM, CNRS UMR7225, Paris, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service des Pathologies du Sommeil, National Reference Centre for Narcolepsy, Paris, France
| | - Johanna Frain
- Sorbonne University, IHU@ICM, INSERM, CNRS UMR7225, Paris, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service des Pathologies du Sommeil, National Reference Centre for Narcolepsy, Paris, France
| | - Todd Lubart
- Laboratoire de psychologie et d'ergonomie appliquées, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Fabio Pizza
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Plazzi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Isabelle Arnulf
- Sorbonne University, IHU@ICM, INSERM, CNRS UMR7225, Paris, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service des Pathologies du Sommeil, National Reference Centre for Narcolepsy, Paris, France
| | - Delphine Oudiette
- Sorbonne University, IHU@ICM, INSERM, CNRS UMR7225, Paris, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service des Pathologies du Sommeil, National Reference Centre for Narcolepsy, Paris, France
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35
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Koroma M, Lacaux C, Andrillon T, Legendre G, Léger D, Kouider S. Sleepers Selectively Suppress Informative Inputs during Rapid Eye Movements. Curr Biol 2020; 30:2411-2417.e3. [PMID: 32413310 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Sleep leads to a disconnection from the external world. Even when sleepers regain consciousness during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, little, if any, external information is incorporated into dream content [1-3]. While gating mechanisms might be at play to avoid interference on dreaming activity [4], a total disconnection from an ever-changing environment may prevent the sleeper from promptly responding to informative events (e.g., threat signals). In fact, a whole range of neural responses to external events turns out to be preserved during REM sleep [5-9]. Thus, it remains unclear whether external inputs are either processed or, conversely, gated during REM sleep. One way to resolve this issue is to consider the specific impact of eye movements (EMs) characterizing REM sleep. EMs are a reliable predictor of reporting a dream upon awakening [10, 11], and their absence is associated with a lower arousal threshold to external stimuli [12]. We thus hypothesized that the presence of EMs would selectively prevent the processing of informative stimuli, whereas periods of REM sleep devoid of EMs would be associated with the monitoring of external signals. By reconstructing speech in a multi-talker environment from electrophysiological responses, we show that informative speech is amplified over meaningless speech during REM sleep. Yet, at the precise timing of EMs, informative speech is, on the contrary, selectively suppressed. These results demonstrate the flexible amplification and suppression of sensory information during REM sleep and reveal the impact of EMs on the selective gating of informative stimuli during sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Koroma
- Brain and Consciousness Group (ENS, EHESS, CNRS), Département d'Études Cognitives, École Normale Supérieure - PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, École Doctorale Cerveau Cognition Comportement, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 9 Quai Saint Bernard, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Célia Lacaux
- Sorbonne Université, École Doctorale Cerveau Cognition Comportement, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 9 Quai Saint Bernard, 75005 Paris, France; Sorbonne University, IHU@ICM, INSERM, CNRS UMR7225, 75013 Paris, France; AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service des Pathologies du Sommeil, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Thomas Andrillon
- School of Psychological Sciences and Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Guillaume Legendre
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Damien Léger
- Université de Paris, Paris Descartes, APHP, Hôtel Dieu, Centre du Sommeil et de la Vigilance et EA 7330 VIFASOM, 75004 Paris, France
| | - Sid Kouider
- Brain and Consciousness Group (ENS, EHESS, CNRS), Département d'Études Cognitives, École Normale Supérieure - PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France.
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36
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Bouchard M, Lina JM, Gaudreault PO, Dubé J, Gosselin N, Carrier J. EEG connectivity across sleep cycles and age. Sleep 2020; 43:5613705. [PMID: 31691825 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsz236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES In young adults, sleep is associated with important changes in cerebral connectivity during the first cycle of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. Our study aimed to evaluate how electroencephalography (EEG) connectivity during sleep differs between young and older individuals, and across the sleep cycles. METHODS We used imaginary coherence to estimate EEG connectivity during NREM and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep in 30 young (14 women; 20-30 years) and 29 older (18 women; 50-70 years) individuals. We also explored the association between coherence and cognitive measures. RESULTS Older individuals showed lower EEG connectivity in stage N2 but higher connectivity in REM and stage N3 compared to the younger cohort. Age-related differences in N3 were driven by the first sleep cycle. EEG connectivity was lower in REM than N3, especially in younger individuals. Exploratory analyses, controlling for the effects of age, indicated that higher EEG connectivity in delta during N2 was associated with higher processing speed, whereas, during REM sleep, lower EEG connectivity in delta and sigma was associated with higher verbal memory performance and a higher global averaged intelligence quotient score. CONCLUSION Our results indicated that age modifies sleep EEG connectivity but the direction and the magnitude of these effects differ between sleep stages and cycles. Results in N3 and REM point to a reduced ability of the older brains to disconnect as compared to the younger ones. Our results also support the notion that cerebral functional connectivity during sleep may be associated with cognitive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maude Bouchard
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Deparment of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Marc Lina
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Electrical Engineering, École de Technologie Supérieure, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Pierre-Olivier Gaudreault
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Deparment of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jonathan Dubé
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Deparment of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Nadia Gosselin
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Deparment of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Julie Carrier
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Deparment of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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37
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Celka P, Granqvist N, Schwabl H, Edwards SD. Development and evaluation of a cardiac coherence index for sleep analysis. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY IN AFRICA 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/14330237.2019.1689460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Celka
- SATHeart SA, Rue Galilée, Yverdon-les-Bains, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Stephen D. Edwards
- Psychology Department, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa, South Africa
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38
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Wang Y, Nencka AS, Meier TB, Guskiewicz K, Mihalik JP, Alison Brooks M, Saykin AJ, Koch KM, Wu YC, Nelson LD, McAllister TW, Broglio SP, McCrea MA. Cerebral blood flow in acute concussion: preliminary ASL findings from the NCAA-DoD CARE consortium. Brain Imaging Behav 2020; 13:1375-1385. [PMID: 30159767 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-018-9946-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Sport-related concussion (SRC) has become a major health problem, affecting millions of athletes each year. Despite the increasing occurrence and prevalence of SRC, its underlying mechanism and recovery course have yet to be fully elucidated. The National Collegiate Athletic Association-Department of Defense Grand Alliance: Concussion Assessment, Research and Education (CARE) Consortium is a large-scale, multisite study of the natural history of concussion across multiple sports. The Advanced Research Core (ARC) of CARE is focused on the advanced biomarker assessment of a reduced subject cohort. This paper reports findings from two ARC sites to evaluate cerebral blood flow (CBF) changes in acute SRC, as measured using advanced arterial spin labeling (ASL) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We compared relative CBF maps assessed in 24 concussed contact sport athletes obtained at 24-48 h after injury to those of a control group of 24 matched contact sport players. Significantly less CBF was detected in several brain regions in concussed athletes, while clinical assessments also indicated clinical symptom and performance impairments in SRC patients. Correlations were found between decreased CBF in acute SRC and clinical assessments, including Balance Error Scoring System total score and Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Test memory composite and impulse control composite scores, as well as days from injury to asymptomatic. Although using different ASL MRI sequences, our preliminary results from two sites are consistent with previous reports and suggest that advanced ASL MRI methods might be useful for detecting acute neurobiological changes in acute SRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
| | - Andrew S Nencka
- Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Timothy B Meier
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Kevin Guskiewicz
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina, 250 East Franklin Street, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jason P Mihalik
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina, 250 East Franklin Street, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - M Alison Brooks
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 750 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Andrew J Saykin
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Science, Indiana University School of Medicine, 340 West 10th Street, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kevin M Koch
- Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Yu-Chien Wu
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Science, Indiana University School of Medicine, 340 West 10th Street, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Lindsay D Nelson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Thomas W McAllister
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, 340 West 10th Street, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Steven P Broglio
- School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Michael A McCrea
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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39
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Wang YJ, Duan W, Lei X. Impaired Coupling of the Brain's Default Network During Sleep Deprivation: A Resting-State EEG Study. Nat Sci Sleep 2020; 12:937-947. [PMID: 33204197 PMCID: PMC7667510 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s277655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sleep deprivation (SD) has a negative influence on mood and emotion processing, and previous studies have elucidated the impaired coupling within the default network (DN) after SD. However, the dynamic characteristic with high temporal precision was rarely investigated in the DN after SD. METHODS Here, the resting-state EEG after nocturnal sleep (NS) and SD was collected from 31 participants. The cortical electrical activities of the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and the anterior medial prefrontal cortex (aMPFC) were reconstructed applying the eLORETA, and the functional connectivity (FC) of PCC-aMPFC was calculated using the power envelope connectivity (PEC). RESULTS Compared with NS, the power spectrums of the PCC and the FC of PCC-aMPFC were significantly reduced in the α band after SD. Interestingly, the impaired PCC-aMPFC integration was positively correlated with the decreased positive affect, implying that the DN plays a critical role in the subjective mood state. Our moderation analysis further revealed that the intensity of the DN posterior-anterior interaction moderated sleep loss and positive affect. DISCUSSION Overall, the results reveal the strong relationship between the uncoupling of DN and the feeling down of mood. Our research may contribute towards a better understanding of the mood and cognition processing after sleep loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Jie Wang
- Sleep and NeuroImaging Center, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Duan
- Sleep and NeuroImaging Center, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Lei
- Sleep and NeuroImaging Center, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
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40
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Goldstein-Piekarski AN, Holt-Gosselin B, O'Hora K, Williams LM. Integrating sleep, neuroimaging, and computational approaches for precision psychiatry. Neuropsychopharmacology 2020; 45:192-204. [PMID: 31426055 PMCID: PMC6879628 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-019-0483-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In advancing precision psychiatry, we focus on what imaging technology and computational approaches offer for the future of diagnostic subtyping and personalized tailoring of interventions for sleep impairment in mood and anxiety disorders. Current diagnostic criteria for mood and anxiety tend to lump different forms of sleep disturbance together. Parsing the biological features of sleep impairment and brain circuit dysfunction is one approach to identifying subtypes within these disorders that are mechanistically coherent and offer targets for intervention. We focus on two large-scale neural circuits implicated in sleep impairment and in mood and anxiety disorders: the default mode network and negative affective network. Through a synthesis of existing knowledge about these networks, we pose a testable framework for understanding how hyper- versus hypo-engagement of these networks may underlie distinct features of mood and sleep impairment. Within this framework we consider whether poor sleep quality may have an explanatory role in previously observed associations between network dysfunction and mood symptoms. We expand this framework to future directions including the potential for connecting circuit-defined subtypes to more distal features derived from digital phenotyping and wearable technologies, and how new discovery may be advanced through machine learning approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea N Goldstein-Piekarski
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, 401 Quarry Road, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Sierra-Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, 3801 Miranda Avenue, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Bailey Holt-Gosselin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, 401 Quarry Road, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Kathleen O'Hora
- Sierra-Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, 3801 Miranda Avenue, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Leanne M Williams
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, 401 Quarry Road, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
- Sierra-Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, 3801 Miranda Avenue, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA.
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41
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Li K, Luo X, Zeng Q, Jiaerken Y, Wang S, Xu X, Xu X, Xu J, Wang C, Zhou J, Huang P, Zhang M. Interactions between sleep disturbances and Alzheimer's disease on brain function: a preliminary study combining the static and dynamic functional MRI. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19064. [PMID: 31836777 PMCID: PMC6911090 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55452-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Though sleep disturbance constitutes the risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), the underlying mechanism is still unclear. This study aims to explore the interaction between sleep disturbances and AD on brain function. We included 192 normal controls, 111 mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 30 AD patients, with either poor or normal sleep (PS, NS, respectively). To explore the strength and stability of brain activity, we used static amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (sALFF) and dynamic ALFF (dALFF) variance. Further, we examined white matter hyperintensities (WMH) and amyloid PET deposition, representing the vascular risk factor and AD-related hallmark, respectively. We observed that sleep disturbance significantly interacted with disease severity, exposing distinct effects on sALFF and dALFF variance. Interestingly, PS groups showed the dALFF variance trajectory of initially increased, then decreased and finally increased along the AD spectrum, while showing the opposite trajectory of sALFF. Further correlation analysis showed that the WMH burden correlates with dALFF variance in PS groups. Conclusively, our study suggested that sleep disturbance interacts with AD severity, expressing as effects of compensatory in MCI and de-compensatory in AD, respectively. Further, vascular impairment might act as important pathogenesis underlying the interaction effect between sleep and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaicheng Li
- Department of Radiology, 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao Luo
- Department of Radiology, 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qingze Zeng
- Department of Radiology, 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yerfan Jiaerken
- Department of Radiology, 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuyue Wang
- Department of Radiology, 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaopei Xu
- Department of Radiology, 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaojun Xu
- Department of Radiology, 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingjing Xu
- Department of Radiology, 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Radiology, 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiong Zhou
- Department of Neurology, 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
| | - Peiyu Huang
- Department of Radiology, 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Minming Zhang
- Department of Radiology, 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China.
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42
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McAvoy MP, Tagliazucchi E, Laufs H, Raichle ME. Human non-REM sleep and the mean global BOLD signal. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2019; 39:2210-2222. [PMID: 30073858 PMCID: PMC6827126 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x18791070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A hallmark of non-rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is the decreased brain activity as measured by global reductions in cerebral blood flow, oxygen metabolism, and glucose metabolism. It is unknown whether the blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signal undergoes similar changes. Here we show that, in contrast to the decreases in blood flow and metabolism, the mean global BOLD signal increases with sleep depth in a regionally non-uniform manner throughout gray matter. We relate our findings to the circulatory and metabolic processes influencing the BOLD signal and conclude that because oxygen consumption decreases proportionately more than blood flow in sleep, the resulting decrease in paramagnetic deoxyhemoglobin accounts for the increase in mean global BOLD signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark P McAvoy
- Department of Radiology, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Enzo Tagliazucchi
- PICNIC Lab, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Paris, France
| | - Helmut Laufs
- Department of Neurology, Brain Imaging Center, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Marcus E Raichle
- Department of Radiology, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- Alan and Edith L. Wolff Distinguished Professor of Medicine, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO, USA
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43
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Dynamic Network Activation of Hypothalamic MCH Neurons in REM Sleep and Exploratory Behavior. J Neurosci 2019; 39:4986-4998. [PMID: 31036764 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0305-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Most brain neurons are active in waking, but hypothalamic neurons that synthesize the neuropeptide melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) are claimed to be active only during sleep, particularly rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Here we use deep-brain imaging to identify changes in fluorescence of the genetically encoded calcium (Ca2+) indicator GCaMP6 in individual hypothalamic neurons that contain MCH. An in vitro electrophysiology study determined a strong relationship between depolarization and Ca2+ fluorescence in MCH neurons. In 10 freely behaving MCH-cre mice (male and female), the highest fluorescence occurred in all recorded neurons (n = 106) in REM sleep relative to quiet waking or non-REM sleep. Unexpectedly, 70% of the MCH neurons had strong fluorescence activity when the mice explored novel objects. Spatial and temporal mapping of the change in fluorescence between pairs of MCH neurons revealed dynamic activation of MCH neurons during REM sleep and activation of a subset of the same neurons during exploratory behavior. Functional network activity maps will facilitate comparisons of not only single-neuron activity, but also network responses in different conditions and disease.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Functional activity maps identify brain circuits responding to specific behaviors, including rapid eye movement sleep (REM sleep), a sleep phase when the brain is as active as in waking. To provide the first activity map of individual neurons during REM sleep, we use deep-brain calcium imaging in unrestrained mice to map the activity of hypothalamic melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) neurons. MCH neurons were found to be synchronously active during REM sleep, and also during the exploration of novel objects. Spatial mapping revealed dynamic network activation during REM sleep and activation of a subset of the neurons during exploratory behavior. Functional activity maps at the cellular level in specific behaviors, including sleep, are needed to establish a brain connectome.
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44
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Moehlman TM, de Zwart JA, Chappel-Farley MG, Liu X, McClain IB, Chang C, Mandelkow H, Özbay PS, Johnson NL, Bieber RE, Fernandez KA, King KA, Zalewski CK, Brewer CC, van Gelderen P, Duyn JH, Picchioni D. All-night functional magnetic resonance imaging sleep studies. J Neurosci Methods 2019; 316:83-98. [PMID: 30243817 PMCID: PMC6524535 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2018.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) sleep studies have been hampered by the difficulty of obtaining extended amounts of sleep in the sleep-adverse environment of the scanner and often have resorted to manipulations such as sleep depriving subjects before scanning. These manipulations limit the generalizability of the results. NEW METHOD The current study is a methodological validation of procedures aimed at obtaining all-night fMRI data in sleeping subjects with minimal exposure to experimentally induced sleep deprivation. Specifically, subjects slept in the scanner on two consecutive nights, allowing the first night to serve as an adaptation night. RESULTS/COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHOD(S) Sleep scoring results from simultaneously acquired electroencephalography data on Night 2 indicate that subjects (n = 12) reached the full spectrum of sleep stages including slow-wave (M = 52.1 min, SD = 26.5 min) and rapid eye movement (REM, M = 45.2 min, SD = 27.9 min) sleep and exhibited a mean of 2.1 (SD = 1.1) nonREM-REM sleep cycles. CONCLUSIONS It was found that by diligently applying fundamental principles and methodologies of sleep and neuroimaging science, performing all-night fMRI sleep studies is feasible. However, because the two nights of the study were performed consecutively, some sleep deprivation from Night 1 as a cause of the Night 2 results is likely, so consideration should be given to replicating the current study with a washout period. It is envisioned that other laboratories can adopt the core features of this protocol to obtain similar results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M Moehlman
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, USA
| | - Jacco A de Zwart
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, USA
| | - Miranda G Chappel-Farley
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, USA
| | - Xiao Liu
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, USA
| | - Irene B McClain
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, USA
| | - Catie Chang
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, USA; Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, USA
| | - Hendrik Mandelkow
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, USA
| | - Pinar S Özbay
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, USA
| | - Nicholas L Johnson
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, USA
| | - Rebecca E Bieber
- Audiology Unit, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, USA
| | - Katharine A Fernandez
- Section on Sensory Cell Biology, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, USA
| | - Kelly A King
- Audiology Unit, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, USA
| | | | - Carmen C Brewer
- Audiology Unit, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, USA
| | - Peter van Gelderen
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, USA
| | - Jeff H Duyn
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, USA
| | - Dante Picchioni
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, USA; Section on Neuroadaptation and Protein Metabolism, National Institute of Mental Health, USA.
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45
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Demertzi A, Tagliazucchi E, Dehaene S, Deco G, Barttfeld P, Raimondo F, Martial C, Fernández-Espejo D, Rohaut B, Voss HU, Schiff ND, Owen AM, Laureys S, Naccache L, Sitt JD. Human consciousness is supported by dynamic complex patterns of brain signal coordination. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaat7603. [PMID: 30775433 PMCID: PMC6365115 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aat7603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Adopting the framework of brain dynamics as a cornerstone of human consciousness, we determined whether dynamic signal coordination provides specific and generalizable patterns pertaining to conscious and unconscious states after brain damage. A dynamic pattern of coordinated and anticoordinated functional magnetic resonance imaging signals characterized healthy individuals and minimally conscious patients. The brains of unresponsive patients showed primarily a pattern of low interareal phase coherence mainly mediated by structural connectivity, and had smaller chances to transition between patterns. The complex pattern was further corroborated in patients with covert cognition, who could perform neuroimaging mental imagery tasks, validating this pattern's implication in consciousness. Anesthesia increased the probability of the less complex pattern to equal levels, validating its implication in unconsciousness. Our results establish that consciousness rests on the brain's ability to sustain rich brain dynamics and pave the way for determining specific and generalizable fingerprints of conscious and unconscious states.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Demertzi
- GIGA-Consciousness, GIGA Institute B34, University of Liège, Avenue de l’Hôpital, 11, 4000 Sart Tilman, Belgium
- INSERM, U 1127, F-75013 Paris, France
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47 bd de l’Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - E. Tagliazucchi
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47 bd de l’Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
- Instituto de Física de Buenos Aires and Physics Deparment (University of Buenos Aires), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - S. Dehaene
- Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, CEA, INSERM, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif/Yvette, France
- Collège de France, 11, Place Marcelin Berthelot, 75005 Paris, France
| | - G. Deco
- Center for Brain and Cognition, Computational Neuroscience Group, Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Calle Ramon Trias Fargas 25-27, Barcelona 08005, Spain
- Institucio Catalana de la Recerca I Estudis Avancats (ICREA), University of Pompeu Fabra, Passeig Lluis Companys 23, Barcelona 08010, Spain
| | - P. Barttfeld
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroscience, Physics Department, FCEyN UBA and IFIBA, CONICET, Pabellón 1, Ciudad Universitaria, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - F. Raimondo
- GIGA-Consciousness, GIGA Institute B34, University of Liège, Avenue de l’Hôpital, 11, 4000 Sart Tilman, Belgium
- INSERM, U 1127, F-75013 Paris, France
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47 bd de l’Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
- Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, Intendente Güiraldes 2160–Ciudad Universitaria–C1428EGA, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, Faculté de Médecine Pitié-Salpêtrière, 91-105 bd de l’Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
- CONICET–Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Computación, Godoy Cruz 2290, C1425FQB Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - C. Martial
- GIGA-Consciousness, GIGA Institute B34, University of Liège, Avenue de l’Hôpital, 11, 4000 Sart Tilman, Belgium
| | - D. Fernández-Espejo
- Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT Birmingham, UK
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK
- The Brain and Mind Institute, Western Interdisciplinary Research Building, N6A 5B7 University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - B. Rohaut
- INSERM, U 1127, F-75013 Paris, France
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47 bd de l’Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, 710 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032-3784, USA
| | - H. U. Voss
- Radiology Department, Citigroup Biomedical Imaging Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, 516 E. 72nd Street, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - N. D. Schiff
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - A. M. Owen
- The Brain and Mind Institute, Western Interdisciplinary Research Building, N6A 5B7 University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - S. Laureys
- GIGA-Consciousness, GIGA Institute B34, University of Liège, Avenue de l’Hôpital, 11, 4000 Sart Tilman, Belgium
| | - L. Naccache
- INSERM, U 1127, F-75013 Paris, France
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47 bd de l’Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - J. D. Sitt
- INSERM, U 1127, F-75013 Paris, France
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47 bd de l’Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
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46
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Bergel A, Deffieux T, Demené C, Tanter M, Cohen I. Local hippocampal fast gamma rhythms precede brain-wide hyperemic patterns during spontaneous rodent REM sleep. Nat Commun 2018; 9:5364. [PMID: 30560939 PMCID: PMC6299136 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07752-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapid eye movement sleep (REMS) is a peculiar brain state combining the behavioral components of sleep and the electrophysiological profiles of wake. After decades of research our understanding of REMS still is precluded by the difficulty to observe its spontaneous dynamics and the lack of multimodal recording approaches to build comprehensive datasets. We used functional ultrasound (fUS) imaging concurrently with extracellular recordings of local field potentials (LFP) to reveal brain-wide spatiotemporal hemodynamics of single REMS episodes. We demonstrate for the first time the close association between global hyperemic events – largely outmatching wake levels in most brain regions – and local hippocampal theta (6–10 Hz) and fast gamma (80–110 Hz) events in the CA1 region. In particular, the power of fast gamma oscillations strongly correlated with the amplitude of subsequent vascular events. Our findings challenge our current understanding of neurovascular coupling and question the evolutionary benefit of such energy-demanding patterns in REMS function. Neural activity during REM sleep is similar to the waking state. Here, the authors measure blood volume with neurofunctional ultrasound imaging together with hippocampal neural activity during REM sleep and report that fast gamma oscillations are coupled to a brain-wide upregulation of vascular flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Bergel
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine-Neuroscience, 9 quai Saint-Bernard, 75005, Paris, France. .,Institut Langevin, ESPCI ParisTech, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR7587, INSERM U979, 17 rue Moreau, 75012, Paris, France. .,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 7 rue Thomas Mann, 75013, Paris, France.
| | - Thomas Deffieux
- Institut Langevin, ESPCI ParisTech, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR7587, INSERM U979, 17 rue Moreau, 75012, Paris, France
| | - Charlie Demené
- Institut Langevin, ESPCI ParisTech, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR7587, INSERM U979, 17 rue Moreau, 75012, Paris, France
| | - Mickaël Tanter
- Institut Langevin, ESPCI ParisTech, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR7587, INSERM U979, 17 rue Moreau, 75012, Paris, France
| | - Ivan Cohen
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine-Neuroscience, 9 quai Saint-Bernard, 75005, Paris, France.
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47
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Fernandez Guerrero A, Achermann P. Intracortical Causal Information Flow of Oscillatory Activity (Effective Connectivity) at the Sleep Onset Transition. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:912. [PMID: 30564093 PMCID: PMC6288604 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the sleep onset transition in humans from an effective connectivity perspective in a baseline condition (approx. 16 h of wakefulness) and after sleep deprivation (40 h of sustained wakefulness). Using EEG recordings (27 derivations), source localization (LORETA) allowed us to reconstruct the underlying patterns of neuronal activity in various brain regions, e.g., the default mode network (DMN), dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, which were defined as regions of interest (ROI). We applied isolated effective coherence (iCOH) to assess effective connectivity patterns at the sleep onset transition [2 min prior to and 10 min after sleep onset (first occurrence of stage 2)]. ICOH reveals directionality aspects and resolves the spectral characteristics of information flow in a given network of ROIs. We observed an anterior-posterior decoupling of the DMN, and moreover, a prominent role of the posterior cingulate cortex guiding the process of the sleep onset transition, particularly, by transmitting information in the low frequency range (delta and theta bands) to other nodes of DMN (including the hippocampus). In addition, the midcingulate cortex appeared as a major cortical relay station for spindle synchronization (originating from the thalamus; sigma activity). The inclusion of hippocampus indicated that this region might be functionally involved in sigma synchronization observed in the cortex after sleep onset. Furthermore, under conditions of increased homeostatic pressure, we hypothesize that an anterior-posterior decoupling of the DMN occurred at a faster rate compared to baseline overall indicating weakened connectivity strength within the DMN. Finally, we also demonstrated that cortico-cortical spindle synchronization was less effective after sleep deprivation than in baseline, thus, reflecting the reduction of spindles under increased sleep pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Fernandez Guerrero
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Peter Achermann
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- The KEY Institute for Brain-Mind Research, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Sychosomatics, University Hospital of Psychiatry, Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Interdisciplinary Sleep Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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48
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Houldin E, Fang Z, Ray LB, Owen AM, Fogel SM. Toward a complete taxonomy of resting state networks across wakefulness and sleep: an assessment of spatially distinct resting state networks using independent component analysis. Sleep 2018; 42:5208407. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsy235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Evan Houldin
- Brain and Mind Institute, Western University, London, Canada
- Department of Neuroscience, Western University, London, Canada
| | - Zhuo Fang
- Brain and Mind Institute, Western University, London, Canada
- University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Laura B Ray
- Brain and Mind Institute, Western University, London, Canada
- University of Ottawa Institute for Mental Health Research, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Adrian M Owen
- Brain and Mind Institute, Western University, London, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Western University, London, Canada
| | - Stuart M Fogel
- Brain and Mind Institute, Western University, London, Canada
- University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
- University of Ottawa Institute for Mental Health Research, Ottawa, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Western University, London, Canada
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
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49
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Brain structural basis of individual variability in dream recall frequency. Brain Imaging Behav 2018; 13:1474-1485. [PMID: 30206818 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-018-9964-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Recent neuroimaging studies have indicated that inter-individual variability in dream recall frequency (DRF) is associated with both resting-state regional cerebral blood flow and task-induced brain activations. However, the brain structure underpinning this inter-individual variability in DRF remains unclear. The aim of the current study is to investigate the relationship between brain structural characteristics and DRF. We collected both T1-weighted and diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging data from 43 healthy volunteers. DRF was obtained from a two-week sleep diary with a subjective report of dream recall upon waking every morning. General linear model analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between brain structural characteristics (cortical volume and white matter integrity) and DRF. Not only the cortical volume of the medial portion of the right fusiform gyrus and parahippocampal gyrus but also the fractional anisotropy of white matter fibers connected to these regions were significantly negatively correlated with DRF, and these relationships were not modulated by a regular sleep. These findings provide direct evidence that brain structural characteristics are associated with inter-individual variability in DRF and may help us to better understand the structural mechanisms in the brain underlying dream recall.
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50
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Zaccaro A, Piarulli A, Laurino M, Garbella E, Menicucci D, Neri B, Gemignani A. How Breath-Control Can Change Your Life: A Systematic Review on Psycho-Physiological Correlates of Slow Breathing. Front Hum Neurosci 2018; 12:353. [PMID: 30245619 PMCID: PMC6137615 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2018.00353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The psycho-physiological changes in brain-body interaction observed in most of meditative and relaxing practices rely on voluntary slowing down of breath frequency. However, the identification of mechanisms linking breath control to its psychophysiological effects is still under debate. This systematic review is aimed at unveiling psychophysiological mechanisms underlying slow breathing techniques (<10 breaths/minute) and their effects on healthy subjects. Methods: A systematic search of MEDLINE and SCOPUS databases, using keywords related to both breathing techniques and to their psychophysiological outcomes, focusing on cardio-respiratory and central nervous system, has been conducted. From a pool of 2,461 abstracts only 15 articles met eligibility criteria and were included in the review. The present systematic review follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Results: The main effects of slow breathing techniques cover autonomic and central nervous systems activities as well as the psychological status. Slow breathing techniques promote autonomic changes increasing Heart Rate Variability and Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia paralleled by Central Nervous System (CNS) activity modifications. EEG studies show an increase in alpha and a decrease in theta power. Anatomically, the only available fMRI study highlights increased activity in cortical (e.g., prefrontal, motor, and parietal cortices) and subcortical (e.g., pons, thalamus, sub-parabrachial nucleus, periaqueductal gray, and hypothalamus) structures. Psychological/behavioral outputs related to the abovementioned changes are increased comfort, relaxation, pleasantness, vigor and alertness, and reduced symptoms of arousal, anxiety, depression, anger, and confusion. Conclusions: Slow breathing techniques act enhancing autonomic, cerebral and psychological flexibility in a scenario of mutual interactions: we found evidence of links between parasympathetic activity (increased HRV and LF power), CNS activities (increased EEG alpha power and decreased EEG theta power) related to emotional control and psychological well-being in healthy subjects. Our hypothesis considers two different mechanisms for explaining psychophysiological changes induced by voluntary control of slow breathing: one is related to a voluntary regulation of internal bodily states (enteroception), the other is associated to the role of mechanoceptors within the nasal vault in translating slow breathing in a modulation of olfactory bulb activity, which in turn tunes the activity of the entire cortical mantle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Zaccaro
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area Pathology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Piarulli
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area Pathology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Coma Science Group, GIGA Consciousness, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Marco Laurino
- National Research Council, Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Danilo Menicucci
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area Pathology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Bruno Neri
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Angelo Gemignani
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area Pathology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,National Research Council, Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pisa, Italy.,Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
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