1
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Saini V, Do Y, Yam JWP, Wong YH. Elevated extracellular vesicular Nm23-H1 subdues the pro-migratory potential of breast cancer cell-derived extracellular vesicles. Cell Signal 2024; 120:111203. [PMID: 38723736 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Metastasis is a key determinant in cancer mortality which is often associated with decreased levels of Nm23-H1, a well-established metastasis suppressor. Despite lacking a secretion signal peptide, Nm23-H1 has been reported to be present in the extracellular space and enclosed within extracellular vesicles (EVs). While the presence of Nm23-H1 proteins in EVs released by cancer cells has been observed through proteomics profiling, the role of vesicular Nm23-H1 remains unclear. Here, we investigated the function of vesicular Nm23-H1 using MDA-MB-231 (highly metastatic, low Nm23-H1) and MCF-7 (low/non-metastatic, high Nm23-H1) breast cancer cell models. Our findings confirm that Nm23-H1 is indeed encapsulated within EVs, and its levels can be manipulated through overexpression and knockdown approaches. Functional assays revealed that EVs derived from MDA-MB-231 cells that contained high levels of Nm23-H1 exhibit impaired pro-migratory properties, suggesting that vesicular Nm23-H1 may act as a metastasis suppressor. Furthermore, EVs with increased levels of Nm23-H1 altered the transcript levels of multiple cancer-related genes in recipient cells and stimulated type I interferon signaling through STAT1 phosphorylation. These results suggest the existence of an unconventional signaling pathway mediated by the uptake of EVs enriched with Nm23-H1, which may contribute to the anti-metastatic effect of Nm23-H1 in the tumor microenvironment. Additionally, our study demonstrates that elevated Nm23-H1 levels can impact the abundance of various other proteins encapsulated within breast cancer cell-derived EVs, such as SUSD2 (Sushi Domain Containing 2) which can also modulate metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasu Saini
- Division of Life Science and the Biotechnology Research Institute, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yelim Do
- Division of Life Science and the Biotechnology Research Institute, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Judy Wai Ping Yam
- Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yung Hou Wong
- Division of Life Science and the Biotechnology Research Institute, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and the Molecular Neuroscience Center, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China.
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2
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Díaz MA, Fusco M, Benítez CA, Gayet F, García L, Victoria L, Jaramillo S, Bayo J, Zubieta MR, Rizzo MM, Piccioni F, Malvicini M. Targeting hyaluronan metabolism-related molecules associated with resistant tumor-initiating cells potentiates chemotherapy efficacy in lung cancer. Sci Rep 2024; 14:16803. [PMID: 39039104 PMCID: PMC11263553 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66914-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The success of chemotherapy regimens in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) could be restricted at least in part by cancer stem cells (CSC) niches within the tumor microenvironment (TME). CSC express CD133, CD44, CD47, and SOX2, among other markers and factors. Analysis of public data revealed that high expression of hyaluronan (HA), the main glycosaminoglycan of TME, correlated positively with CSC phenotype and decreased disease-free interval in NSCLC patients. We aimed to cross-validate these findings on human and murine lung cancer cells and observed that CD133 + CSC differentially expressed higher levels of HA, HAS3, ABCC5, SOX2, and CD47 (p < 0.01). We modulated HA expression with 4-methylumbelliferone (4Mu) and detected an increase in sensitivity to paclitaxel (Pa). We evaluated the effect of 4Mu + chemotherapy on survival, HA metabolism, and CSC profile. The combination of 4Mu with Pa reduced the clonogenic and tumor-forming ability of CSC. Pa-induced HAS3, ABCC5, SOX2, and CD47 expression was mitigated by 4Mu. Pa + 4Mu combination significantly reduced in vivo tumor growth, enhancing animal survival and restoring the CSC profile in the TME to basal levels. Our results suggest that HA is involved in lung CSC phenotype and chemosensitivity, and its modulation by 4Mu improves treatment efficacy to inhibit tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Aurelio Díaz
- Cancer Immunobiology Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional, Universidad Austral-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Pilar, Argentina
| | - Mariel Fusco
- Cancer Immunobiology Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional, Universidad Austral-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Pilar, Argentina
| | - Constanza Arriola Benítez
- Cancer Immunobiology Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional, Universidad Austral-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Pilar, Argentina
| | - Fernando Gayet
- Servicio de Oncología, Hospital Universitario Austral, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ludmila García
- Laboratorio Central, Hospital Universitario Austral, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lucia Victoria
- Cancer Immunobiology Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional, Universidad Austral-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Pilar, Argentina
| | - Sebastián Jaramillo
- Cancer Immunobiology Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional, Universidad Austral-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Pilar, Argentina
| | - Juan Bayo
- Programa de Hepatología Experimental y Terapia Génica, Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional, Universidad Austral-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnicas, Pilar, Argentina
| | | | - Manglio M Rizzo
- Cancer Immunobiology Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional, Universidad Austral-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Pilar, Argentina
- Servicio de Oncología, Hospital Universitario Austral, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Flavia Piccioni
- Cancer Immunobiology Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional, Universidad Austral-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Pilar, Argentina.
| | - Mariana Malvicini
- Cancer Immunobiology Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional, Universidad Austral-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Pilar, Argentina.
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3
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Jian Y, Chen Q, Al-Danakh A, Xu Z, Xu C, Sun X, Yu X, Yang D, Wang S. Identification and validation of sialyltransferase ST3Gal5 in bladder cancer through bioinformatics and experimental analysis. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 138:112569. [PMID: 38959540 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bladder cancer (BLCA) is one of the top ten most common cancers in the world. Aberrant sialylation is a common feature in tumorigenesis and tumor immunity. This study seeks to explore the potential impact of sialyltransferase ST3Gal5 on BLCA. METHODS Initially, glycosyltransferase-related DEGs (GRDEGs) were identified using multiple bioinformatics approaches in TCGA-BLCA cohort and validated using GEO databases. Clinical prognosis integration facilitated the determination of ST3Gal5 as an independent prognostic factor in BLCA, employing univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses. Immune cell infiltration was assessed via CIBERSORT and ssGSEA analyses, while HLA and immune checkpoint genes' levels, along with drug sensitivity, were evaluated in low- and high-ST3Gal5 groups. The TIDE and IPS scores were used to gauge the immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) response. Furthermore, functional experiments, both in vivo and in vitro, were conducted to elucidate the biological roles of ST3Gal5. RESULTS In agreement with bioinformatics findings, ST3Gal5 expression was down-regulated in BLCA tissues and cells, correlating with poorer prognostic outcomes. The StromalScore, ImmuneScore, and ESTIMATEScore were significantly elevated in low-ST3Gal5 group. Moreover, the levels of HLA and immune checkpoint genes were upregulated in low-ST3Gal5 group. Down-regulated ST3Gal5 promoted the proliferation, migration, and invasion of BLCA cells in vivo and in vitro. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrated that low ST3Gal5 level promoted tumorigenesis and progression of BLCA, implying its potential as a predictive biomarker and therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuli Jian
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China; Liaoning Provincial Core Lab of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Qiwei Chen
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China; Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Abdullah Al-Danakh
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Zhongyang Xu
- Liaoning Provincial Core Lab of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Chunyan Xu
- Liaoning Provincial Core Lab of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Xiaoxin Sun
- Liaoning Provincial Core Lab of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Xiao Yu
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Deyong Yang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China.
| | - Shujing Wang
- Liaoning Provincial Core Lab of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.
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4
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Odak Z, Marijan S, Radan M, Pilkington LI, Čikeš Botić M, Barker D, Reynisson J, Leung E, Čikeš Čulić V. Deciphering the Interplay: Thieno[2,3- b]pyridine's Impact on Glycosphingolipid Expression, Cytotoxicity, Apoptosis, and Metabolomics in Ovarian Tumor Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6954. [PMID: 39000063 PMCID: PMC11241605 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25136954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is among the most prevalent causes of mortality among women. Despite improvements in diagnostic methods, non-specific symptoms and delayed gynecological exams can lead to late-stage ovarian tumor discovery. In this study, the effect of an anti-cancer compound, 3-amino-N-(3-chloro-2-methylphenyl)-5-oxo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrothieno[2,3-b]quinoline-2-carboxamide (Compound 1), was examined. The impacts of cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and metabolomic changes in ovarian cancer cell lines SK-OV-3 and OVCAR-3, as well as glycosphingolipid (GSL) expression, on cancer stem cells (CSCs), marked as CD49f+, and non-CSCs (CD49f-) were explored. Treatment with Compound 1 reduced the percentage of CSCs compared to non-treated cells (p < 0.001). The functional impact of eight GSLs on CSCs and non-CSCs was examined using flow cytometry. The glycophenotype changed in both cell lines, with increases or decreases in its expression, after the treatment. These findings raise the possibility of specifically targeting CSCs in ovarian cancer therapy. Additionally, treatment with Compound 1 resulted in statistically meaningful increased apoptosis, including both early and late apoptosis (p < 0.001), suggesting a pivotal role in initiating programmed cell death by the apoptotic pathway. The analysis revealed that the metabolic activity of treated cancer cells was lower compared to those of the control group (p < 0.001).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdravko Odak
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia;
| | - Sandra Marijan
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia; (S.M.); (V.Č.Č.)
| | - Mila Radan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia;
| | - Lisa I. Pilkington
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand; (L.I.P.); (D.B.)
- Te Pūnaha Matatini, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Monika Čikeš Botić
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia;
| | - David Barker
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand; (L.I.P.); (D.B.)
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - Jóhannes Reynisson
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK;
| | - Euphemia Leung
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, Auckland 1010, New Zealand;
| | - Vedrana Čikeš Čulić
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia; (S.M.); (V.Č.Č.)
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5
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Bhat AM, Mohapatra BC, Luan H, Mushtaq I, Chakraborty S, Kumar S, Wu W, Nolan B, Dutta S, Storck MD, Schott M, Meza JL, Lele SM, Lin MF, Cook LM, Corey E, Morrissey C, Coulter DW, Rowley MJ, Natarajan A, Datta K, Band V, Band H. GD2 and its biosynthetic enzyme GD3 synthase promote tumorigenesis in prostate cancer by regulating cancer stem cell behavior. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13523. [PMID: 38866755 PMCID: PMC11169677 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60052-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
While better management of loco-regional prostate cancer (PC) has greatly improved survival, advanced PC remains a major cause of cancer deaths. Identification of novel targetable pathways that contribute to tumor progression in PC could open new therapeutic options. The di-ganglioside GD2 is a target of FDA-approved antibody therapies in neuroblastoma, but the role of GD2 in PC is unexplored. Here, we show that GD2 is expressed in a small subpopulation of PC cells in a subset of patients and a higher proportion of metastatic tumors. Variable levels of cell surface GD2 expression were seen on many PC cell lines, and the expression was highly upregulated by experimental induction of lineage progression or enzalutamide resistance in CRPC cell models. GD2high cell fraction was enriched upon growth of PC cells as tumorspheres and GD2high fraction was enriched in tumorsphere-forming ability. CRISPR-Cas9 knockout (KO) of the rate-limiting GD2 biosynthetic enzyme GD3 Synthase (GD3S) in GD2high CRPC cell models markedly impaired the in vitro oncogenic traits and growth as bone-implanted xenograft tumors and reduced the cancer stem cell and epithelial-mesenchymal transition marker expression. Our results support the potential role of GD3S and its product GD2 in promoting PC tumorigenesis by maintaining cancer stem cells and suggest the potential for GD2 targeting in advanced PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaqib M Bhat
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, 985805 Nebraska Medical Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-6805, USA
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, 985805 Nebraska Medical Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Bhopal C Mohapatra
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, 985805 Nebraska Medical Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
| | - Haitao Luan
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, 985805 Nebraska Medical Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-6805, USA
| | - Insha Mushtaq
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, 985805 Nebraska Medical Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-6805, USA
- Departments of Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Incyte Corporation, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - Sukanya Chakraborty
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, 985805 Nebraska Medical Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-6805, USA
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, 985805 Nebraska Medical Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Siddhartha Kumar
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, 985805 Nebraska Medical Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-6805, USA
| | - Wangbin Wu
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, 985805 Nebraska Medical Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-6805, USA
| | - Ben Nolan
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, 985805 Nebraska Medical Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Samikshan Dutta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Matthew D Storck
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, 985805 Nebraska Medical Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-6805, USA
| | - Micah Schott
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Jane L Meza
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Subodh M Lele
- Departments of Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Ming-Fong Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Leah M Cook
- Departments of Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Eva Corey
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Colm Morrissey
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Donald W Coulter
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Incyte Corporation, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - M Jordan Rowley
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, 985805 Nebraska Medical Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Amarnath Natarajan
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, 985805 Nebraska Medical Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-6805, USA
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Kaustubh Datta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Vimla Band
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, 985805 Nebraska Medical Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
| | - Hamid Band
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, 985805 Nebraska Medical Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-6805, USA.
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, 985805 Nebraska Medical Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
- Departments of Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
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6
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van der Haar Àvila I, Zhang T, Lorrain V, de Bruin F, Spreij T, Nakayama H, Iwabuchi K, García-Vallejo JJ, Wuhrer M, van Kooyk Y, van Vliet SJ. Limited impact of cancer-derived gangliosides on anti-tumor immunity in colorectal cancer. Glycobiology 2024; 34:cwae036. [PMID: 38785323 PMCID: PMC11137322 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwae036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Aberrant glycosylation is a key mechanism employed by cancer cells to evade immune surveillance, induce angiogenesis and metastasis, among other hallmarks of cancer. Sialic acids, distinctive terminal glycan structures located on glycoproteins or glycolipids, are prominently upregulated across various tumor types, including colorectal cancer (CRC). Sialylated glycans modulate anti-tumor immune responses through their interactions with Siglecs, a family of glycan-binding receptors with specificity for sialic acid-containing glycoconjugates, often resulting in immunosuppression. In this paper, we investigated the immunomodulatory function of ST3Gal5, a sialyltransferase that catalyzes the addition of α2-3 sialic acids to glycosphingolipids, since lower expression of ST3Gal5 is associated with better survival of CRC patients. We employed CRISPR/Cas9 to knock out the ST3Gal5 gene in two murine CRC cell lines MC38 and CT26. Glycomics analysis confirmed the removal of sialic acids on glycolipids, with no discernible impact on glycoprotein sialylation. Although knocking out ST3Gal5 in both cell lines did not affect in vivo tumor growth, we observed enhanced levels of regulatory T cells in CT26 tumors lacking ST3Gal5. Moreover, we demonstrate that the absence of ST3Gal5 affected size and blood vessel density only in MC38 tumors. In summary, we ascertain that sialylation of glycosphingolipids has a limited influence on the anti-tumor immune response in CRC, despite detecting alterations in the tumor microenvironment, possibly due to a shift in ganglioside abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene van der Haar Àvila
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Cancer Immunology, Amterdam institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tao Zhang
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Victor Lorrain
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Florance de Bruin
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tianne Spreij
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hitoshi Nakayama
- Graduate School of Health Care and Nursing, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Juntendo University, 2-5-1 Takasu Urayasu-shi, Chiba, 279-0023, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Iwabuchi
- Graduate School of Health Care and Nursing, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Juntendo University, 2-5-1 Takasu Urayasu-shi, Chiba, 279-0023, Japan
| | - Juan J García-Vallejo
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Cancer Immunology, Amterdam institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Yvette van Kooyk
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Cancer Immunology, Amterdam institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sandra J van Vliet
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Cancer Immunology, Amterdam institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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7
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Pujari R, Dubey SK. Relevance of glyco-biomakers and glycan profiles in cancer stem cells. Glycobiology 2024; 34:cwad019. [PMID: 36864577 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwad019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Altered and aberrant glycosylation signatures have been linked to being a hallmark in a variety of human disorders including cancer. Cancer stem cells (CSCs), capable of self-renewal and differentiation, have recently been credited with a unique notion of disease genesis and implicated as the cause for initiation and recurrence of the disease in a new regime of neoplastic transformations hypothesis. Many biomarkers relating to diagnostic and prognostic intents have been discovered using the ubiquitous and abundant surface glycan patterns on CSCs. Various technological advancements have been developed to identify and determine concerns with glycosylation structure. However, the nature and purpose of the glycan moiety on these glycosylation pattern have not yet been thoroughly investigated. This review, thus, summarizes the process of glycosylation in CSCs, variations in glycosylation patterns in various stem cells, aberrant glycosylation patterns in cancer, the role of glycosylation in tumor cell adhesion, cell-matrix interactions, and signaling, as well as cancer detection and treatment. The function of carbohydrates as prospective serum biomarkers, some clinically authorized biomarkers, and potential novel biomarkers relating to cancer disease diagnosis and prognosis are also discussed in the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Pujari
- Department of Biochemistry, C.B.S.H., G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar 263145, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Shiv Kumar Dubey
- Department of Biochemistry, C.B.S.H., G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar 263145, Uttarakhand, India
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8
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Bhat AM, Mohapatra BC, Luan H, Mushtaq I, Chakraborty S, Kumar S, Wu W, Nolan B, Dutta S, Stock MD, Schott M, Meza JL, Lele SM, Lin MF, Cook LM, Corey E, Morrissey C, Coulter DW, Rowley J, Natarajan A, Datta K, Band V, Band H. GD2 and its biosynthetic enzyme GD3 synthase promote tumorigenesis in prostate cancer by regulating cancer stem cell behavior. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.03.18.533299. [PMID: 36993422 PMCID: PMC10055271 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.18.533299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
While better management of loco-regional prostate cancer (PC) has greatly improved survival, advanced PC remains a major cause of cancer deaths. Identification of novel targetable pathways that contribute to tumor progression in PC could open new therapeutic options. The di-ganglioside GD2 is a target of FDA-approved antibody therapies in neuroblastoma, but the role of GD2 in PC is unexplored. Here, we show that GD2 is expressed in a small subpopulation of PC cells in a subset of patients and a higher proportion of metastatic tumors. Variable levels of cell surface GD2 expression were seen on many PC cell lines, and the expression was highly upregulated by experimental induction of lineage progression or enzalutamide resistance in CRPC cell models. GD2high cell fraction was enriched upon growth of PC cells as tumorspheres and GD2high fraction was enriched in tumorsphere-forming ability. CRISPR-Cas9 knockout (KO) of the rate-limiting GD2 biosynthetic enzyme GD3 Synthase (GD3S) in GD2high CRPC cell models markedly impaired the in vitro oncogenic traits and growth as bone-implanted xenograft tumors and reduced the cancer stem cell (CSC) and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) marker expression. Our results support the potential role of GD3S and its product GD2 in promoting PC tumorigenesis by maintaining cancer stem cells and suggest the potential for GD2 targeting in advanced PC.
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9
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Philippova J, Shevchenko J, Sennikov S. GD2-targeting therapy: a comparative analysis of approaches and promising directions. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1371345. [PMID: 38558810 PMCID: PMC10979305 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1371345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Disialoganglioside GD2 is a promising target for immunotherapy with expression primarily restricted to neuroectodermal and epithelial tumor cells. Although its role in the maintenance and repair of neural tissue is well-established, its functions during normal organism development remain understudied. Meanwhile, studies have shown that GD2 plays an important role in tumorigenesis. Its functions include proliferation, invasion, motility, and metastasis, and its high expression and ability to transform the tumor microenvironment may be associated with a malignant phenotype. Structurally, GD2 is a glycosphingolipid that is stably expressed on the surface of tumor cells, making it a suitable candidate for targeting by antibodies or chimeric antigen receptors. Based on mouse monoclonal antibodies, chimeric and humanized antibodies and their combinations with cytokines, toxins, drugs, radionuclides, nanoparticles as well as chimeric antigen receptor have been developed. Furthermore, vaccines and photoimmunotherapy are being used to treat GD2-positive tumors, and GD2 aptamers can be used for targeting. In the field of cell therapy, allogeneic immunocompetent cells are also being utilized to enhance GD2 therapy. Efforts are currently being made to optimize the chimeric antigen receptor by modifying its design or by transducing not only αβ T cells, but also γδ T cells, NK cells, NKT cells, and macrophages. In addition, immunotherapy can combine both diagnostic and therapeutic methods, allowing for early detection of disease and minimal residual disease. This review discusses each immunotherapy method and strategy, its advantages and disadvantages, and highlights future directions for GD2 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sergey Sennikov
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, Novosibirsk, Russia
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10
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Schengrund CL. The Ying and Yang of Ganglioside Function in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5362. [PMID: 38001622 PMCID: PMC10670608 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15225362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The plethora of information about the expression of cancer cell-associated gangliosides, their role(s) in signal transduction, and their potential usefulness in the development of cancer treatments makes this an appropriate time to review these enigmatic glycosphingolipids. Evidence, reflecting the work of many, indicates that (1) expression of specific gangliosides, not generally found in high concentrations in most normal human cells, can be linked to certain types of cancer. (2) Gangliosides can affect the ability of cells to interact either directly or indirectly with growth factor receptors, thereby changing such things as a cell's mobility, rate of proliferation, and metastatic ability. (3) Anti-ganglioside antibodies have been tested, with some success, as potential treatments for certain cancers. (4) Cancer-associated gangliosides shed into the circulation can (a) affect immune cell responsiveness either positively or negatively, (b) be considered as diagnostic markers, and (c) be used to look for recurrence. (5) Cancer registries enable investigators to evaluate data from sufficient numbers of patients to obtain information about potential therapies. Despite advances that have been made, a discussion of possible approaches to identifying additional treatment strategies to inhibit metastasis, responsible for the majority of deaths of cancer patients, as well as for treating therapy-resistant tumors, is included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara-Lynne Schengrund
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
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11
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Nejatie A, Yee SS, Jeter A, Saragovi HU. The cancer glycocode as a family of diagnostic biomarkers, exemplified by tumor-associated gangliosides. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1261090. [PMID: 37954075 PMCID: PMC10637394 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1261090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
One unexploited family of cancer biomarkers comprise glycoproteins, carbohydrates, and glycolipids (the Tumor Glycocode).A class of glycolipid cancer biomarkers, the tumor-marker gangliosides (TMGs) are presented here as potential diagnostics for detecting cancer, especially at early stages, as the biological function of TMGs makes them etiological. We propose that a quantitative matrix of the Cancer Biomarker Glycocode and artificial intelligence-driven algorithms will expand the menu of validated cancer biomarkers as a step to resolve some of the challenges in cancer diagnosis, and yield a combination that can identify a specific cancer, in a tissue-agnostic manner especially at early stages, to enable early intervention. Diagnosis is critical to reducing cancer mortality but many cancers lack efficient and effective diagnostic tests, especially for early stage disease. Ideal diagnostic biomarkers are etiological, samples are preferably obtained via non-invasive methods (e.g. liquid biopsy of blood or urine), and are quantitated using assays that yield high diagnostic sensitivity and specificity for efficient diagnosis, prognosis, or predicting response to therapy. Validated biomarkers with these features are rare. While the advent of proteomics and genomics has led to the identification of a multitude of proteins and nucleic acid sequences as cancer biomarkers, relatively few have been approved for clinical use. The use of multiplex arrays and artificial intelligence-driven algorithms offer the option of combining data of known biomarkers; however, for most, the sensitivity and the specificity are below acceptable criteria, and clinical validation has proven difficult. One strategic solution to this problem is to expand the biomarker families beyond those currently exploited. One unexploited family of cancer biomarkers comprise glycoproteins, carbohydrates, and glycolipids (the Tumor Glycocode). Here, we focus on a family of glycolipid cancer biomarkers, the tumor-marker gangliosides (TMGs). We discuss the diagnostic potential of TMGs for detecting cancer, especially at early stages. We include prior studies from the literature to summarize findings for ganglioside quantification, expression, detection, and biological function and its role in various cancers. We highlight the examples of TMGs exhibiting ideal properties of cancer diagnostic biomarkers, and the application of GD2 and GD3 for diagnosis of early stage cancers with high sensitivity and specificity. We propose that a quantitative matrix of the Cancer Biomarker Glycocode and artificial intelligence-driven algorithms will expand the menu of validated cancer biomarkers as a step to resolve some of the challenges in cancer diagnosis, and yield a combination that can identify a specific cancer, in a tissue-agnostic manner especially at early stages, to enable early intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Nejatie
- Center for Translational Research, Lady Davis Research Institute-Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Samantha S. Yee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | | | - Horacio Uri Saragovi
- Center for Translational Research, Lady Davis Research Institute-Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Ophthalmology and Vision Science, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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12
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Machy P, Mortier E, Birklé S. Biology of GD2 ganglioside: implications for cancer immunotherapy. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1249929. [PMID: 37670947 PMCID: PMC10475612 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1249929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Part of the broader glycosphingolipid family, gangliosides are composed of a ceramide bound to a sialic acid-containing glycan chain, and locate at the plasma membrane. Gangliosides are produced through sequential steps of glycosylation and sialylation. This diversity of composition is reflected in differences in expression patterns and functions of the various gangliosides. Ganglioside GD2 designates different subspecies following a basic structure containing three carbohydrate residues and two sialic acids. GD2 expression, usually restrained to limited tissues, is frequently altered in various neuroectoderm-derived cancers. While GD2 is of evident interest, its glycolipid nature has rendered research challenging. Physiological GD2 expression has been linked to developmental processes. Passing this stage, varying levels of GD2, physiologically expressed mainly in the central nervous system, affect composition and formation of membrane microdomains involved in surface receptor signaling. Overexpressed in cancer, GD2 has been shown to enhance cell survival and invasion. Furthermore, binding of antibodies leads to immune-independent cell death mechanisms. In addition, GD2 contributes to T-cell dysfunction, and functions as an immune checkpoint. Given the cancer-associated functions, GD2 has been a source of interest for immunotherapy. As a potential biomarker, methods are being developed to quantify GD2 from patients' samples. In addition, various therapeutic strategies are tested. Based on initial success with antibodies, derivates such as bispecific antibodies and immunocytokines have been developed, engaging patient immune system. Cytotoxic effectors or payloads may be redirected based on anti-GD2 antibodies. Finally, vaccines can be used to mount an immune response in patients. We review here the pertinent biological information on GD2 which may be of use for optimizing current immunotherapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stéphane Birklé
- Nantes Université, Univ Angers, INSERM, CNRS, CRCI2NA, Nantes, France
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13
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Jin X, Yang GY. Pathophysiological roles and applications of glycosphingolipids in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer diseases. Prog Lipid Res 2023; 91:101241. [PMID: 37524133 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2023.101241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are major amphiphilic glycolipids present on the surface of living cell membranes. They have important biological functions, including maintaining plasma membrane stability, regulating signal transduction, and mediating cell recognition and adhesion. Specific GSLs and related enzymes are abnormally expressed in many cancer diseases and affect the malignant characteristics of tumors. The regulatory roles of GSLs in signaling pathways suggest that they are involved in tumor pathogenesis. GSLs have therefore been widely studied as diagnostic markers of cancer diseases and important targets of immunotherapy. This review describes the tumor-related biological functions of GSLs and systematically introduces recent progress in using diverse GSLs and related enzymes to diagnose and treat tumor diseases. Development of drugs and biomarkers for personalized cancer therapy based on GSL structure is also discussed. These advances, combined with recent progress in the preparation of GSLs derivatives through synthetic biology technologies, suggest a strong future for the use of customized GSL libraries in treating human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Department of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences and the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Guang-Yu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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14
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Torabian P, Yousefi H, Fallah A, Moradi Z, Naderi T, Delavar MR, Ertas YN, Zarrabi A, Aref AR. Cancer stem cell-mediated drug resistance: A comprehensive gene expression profile analysis in breast cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 246:154482. [PMID: 37196466 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed malignancy in women and a major public health concern. In the current report, differential expression of the breast cancer resistance promoting genes with a focus on breast cancer stem cell related elements as well as the correlation of their mRNAs with various clinicopathologic characteristics, including molecular subtypes, tumor grade/stage, and methylation status, have been investigated using METABRIC and TCGA datasets. To achieve this goal, we downloaded gene expression data of breast cancer patients from TCGA and METABRIC. Then, statistical analyses were used to assess the correlation between the expression levels of stem cell related drug resistant genes and methylation status, tumor grades, various molecular subtypes, and some cancer hallmark gene sets such as immune evasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis. According to the results of this study, a number of stem cell related drug resistant genes are deregulated in breast cancer patients. Furthermore, we observe negative correlations between methylation of resistance genes and mRNA expression. There is a significant difference in the expression of resistance-promoting genes between different molecular subtypes. As mRNA expression and DNA methylation are clearly related, DNA methylation might be a mechanism that regulates these genes in breast cancer cells. As indicated by the differential expression of resistance-promoting genes among various breast cancer molecular subtypes, these genes may function differently in different subtypes of breast cancer. In conclusion, significant deregulation of resistance-promoting factors indicates that these genes may play a significant role in the development of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedram Torabian
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada; Department of Medical Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - Hassan Yousefi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, LSUHSC School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Aysan Fallah
- Department of hematology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Moradi
- Department of hematology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tohid Naderi
- Department of Laboratory Hematology and Blood Bank, School of Allied Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of medical sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Rostamian Delavar
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Yavuz Nuri Ertas
- ERNAM-Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istinye University, 34396 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Amir Reza Aref
- Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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15
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Thacker G, Henry S, Nandi A, Debnath R, Singh S, Nayak A, Susnik B, Boone MM, Zhang Q, Kesmodel SB, Gumber S, Das GM, Kambayashi T, Dos Santos CO, Chakrabarti R. Immature natural killer cells promote progression of triple-negative breast cancer. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eabl4414. [PMID: 36888695 PMCID: PMC10875969 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abl4414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are cytotoxic lymphocytes that accumulate within the tumor microenvironment and are generally considered to be antitumorigenic. Using single-cell RNA sequencing and functional analysis of multiple triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and basal tumor samples, we observed a unique subcluster of Socs3highCD11b-CD27- immature NK cells that were present only in TNBC samples. These tumor-infiltrating NK cells expressed a reduced cytotoxic granzyme signature and, in mice, were responsible for activating cancer stem cells through Wnt signaling. NK cell-mediated activation of these cancer stem cells subsequently enhanced tumor progression in mice, whereas depletion of NK cells or Wnt ligand secretion from NK cells by LGK-974 decreased tumor progression. In addition, NK cell depletion or inhibition of their function improved anti-programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) antibody or chemotherapy response in mice with TNBC. Furthermore, tumor samples from patients with TNBC and non-TNBC revealed that increased numbers of CD56bright NK cells were present in TNBC tumors and were correlated to poor overall survival in patients with TNBC. Together, our findings identify a population of protumorigenic NK cells that may be exploited for both diagnostic and therapeutic strategies to improve outcomes for patients with TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gatha Thacker
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Samantha Henry
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1 Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Ajeya Nandi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Rahul Debnath
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Snahlata Singh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Anupma Nayak
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Barbara Susnik
- Department of Pathology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Melinda M Boone
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Susan B Kesmodel
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Sanjeev Gumber
- Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Gokul M Das
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Taku Kambayashi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Camila O. Dos Santos
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1 Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Rumela Chakrabarti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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16
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Masaike S, Tsuji Y, Kidoaki S. Local pH mapping in the cell adhesion nano-interfaces on a pH-responsive fluorescence-dye-immobilized substrate. ANAL SCI 2023; 39:347-355. [PMID: 36564615 DOI: 10.1007/s44211-022-00239-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cell-substrate adhesion nano-interfaces can, in principle, exhibit a spatial distribution of local pH values under the influence of the weakly acidic microenvironment of glycocalyx grafted on lipid bilayer cell membrane which is compressed and closely attached to culture substrate in the vicinity of integrin-adhesion complexes. However, a simple local pH distribution imaging methodology has not been developed. In this study, to visualize the local pH distribution at the cell adhesion interface, we prepared glass substrates chemically modified with a pH-responsive fluorescent dye fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC), observed the distribution of FITC fluorescence intensity at the adhesion interface of fibroblast (NIH/3T3) and cancer cells (HeLa), and compared the FITC images with the observed distribution of focal adhesions. FITC images were converted to pH mapping based on the pH-fluorescence calibration data of surface-immobilized FITC pre-measured in different pH media, which showed significantly larger regions with lowered pH level (6.8-7.0) from outside the cell (pH 7.4) were observed at the thick inner periphery of HeLa cells while 3T3 cells exhibited smaller lowered pH regions at the thin periphery. The lowered pH regions overlapped with many focal adhesions, and image analysis showed that larger focal adhesions tend to possess more lowered pH sites inside, reflecting enhanced glycocalyx compression due to accumulated integrin-adhesion ligand binding. This tendency was stronger for HeLa than for 3T3 cells. The role of glycocalyx compression and the pH reduction at the cell adhesive interface is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayaka Masaike
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yukie Tsuji
- Laboratory of Biomedical and Biophysical Chemistry, Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, CE41-204, 744 Motooka, Nishi-Ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Satoru Kidoaki
- Laboratory of Biomedical and Biophysical Chemistry, Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, CE41-204, 744 Motooka, Nishi-Ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.
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17
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Cao S, Hu X, Ren S, Wang Y, Shao Y, Wu K, Yang Z, Yang W, He G, Li X. The biological role and immunotherapy of gangliosides and GD3 synthase in cancers. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1076862. [PMID: 36824365 PMCID: PMC9941352 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1076862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Gangliosides are a large subfamily of glycosphingolipids that broadly exist in the nervous system and interact with signaling molecules in the lipid rafts. GD3 and GD2 are two types of disialogangliosides (GDs) that include two sialic acid residues. The expression of GD3 and GD2 in various cancers is mostly upregulated and is involved in tumor proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and immune responses. GD3 synthase (GD3S, ST8SiaI), a subclass of sialyltransferases, regulates the biosynthesis of GD3 and GD2. GD3S is also upregulated in most tumors and plays an important role in the development and progression of tumors. Many clinical trials targeting GD2 are ongoing and various immunotherapy studies targeting gangliosides and GD3S are gradually attracting much interest and attention. This review summarizes the function, molecular mechanisms, and ongoing clinical applications of GD3, GD2, and GD3S in abundant types of tumors, which aims to provide novel targets for future cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangqi Cao
- 1Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xu Hu
- 1Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shangqing Ren
- 2Robotic Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial Peoples Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Yaohui Wang
- 1Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanxiang Shao
- 1Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kan Wu
- 1Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- 3Department of Urology, Chengdu Second People’s Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Weixiao Yang
- 1Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Gu He
- 4State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,*Correspondence: Gu He, ; Xiang Li,
| | - Xiang Li
- 1Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,*Correspondence: Gu He, ; Xiang Li,
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18
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Hořejší K, Jin C, Vaňková Z, Jirásko R, Strouhal O, Melichar B, Teneberg S, Holčapek M. Comprehensive characterization of complex glycosphingolipids in human pancreatic cancer tissues. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:102923. [PMID: 36681125 PMCID: PMC9976472 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.102923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most common causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide, accounting for 90% of primary pancreatic tumors with an average 5-year survival rate of less than 10%. PDAC exhibits aggressive biology, which, together with late detection, results in most PDAC patients presenting with unresectable, locally advanced, or metastatic disease. In-depth lipid profiling and screening of potential biomarkers currently appear to be a promising approach for early detection of PDAC or other cancers. Here, we isolated and characterized complex glycosphingolipids (GSL) from normal and tumor pancreatic tissues of patients with PDAC using a combination of TLC, chemical staining, carbohydrate-recognized ligand-binding assay, and LC/ESI-MS2. The major neutral GSL identified were GSL with the terminal blood groups A, B, H, Lea, Leb, Lex, Ley, P1, and PX2 determinants together with globo- (Gb3 and Gb4) and neolacto-series GSL (nLc4 and nLc6). We also revealed that the neutral GSL profiles and their relative amounts differ between normal and tumor tissues. Additionally, the normal and tumor pancreatic tissues differ in type 1/2 core chains. Sulfatides and GM3 gangliosides were the predominant acidic GSL along with the minor sialyl-nLc4/nLc6 and sialyl-Lea/Lex. The comprehensive analysis of GSL in human PDAC tissues extends the GSL coverage and provides an important platform for further studies of GSL alterations; therefore, it could contribute to the development of new biomarkers and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karel Hořejší
- University of Pardubice, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Department of Analytical Chemistry, , Pardubice, Czech Republic; University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Chunsheng Jin
- University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska Academy, Proteomics Core Facility, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Zuzana Vaňková
- University of Pardubice, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Department of Analytical Chemistry, , Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Robert Jirásko
- University of Pardubice, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Department of Analytical Chemistry, , Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Strouhal
- Palacký University Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistryand University Hospital, Department of Oncology, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Bohuslav Melichar
- Palacký University Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistryand University Hospital, Department of Oncology, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Susann Teneberg
- University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska Academy, Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Göteborg, Sweden.
| | - Michal Holčapek
- University of Pardubice, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Department of Analytical Chemistry, , Pardubice, Czech Republic.
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19
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Santilli F, Fabrizi J, Pulcini F, Santacroce C, Sorice M, Delle Monache S, Mattei V. Gangliosides and Their Role in Multilineage Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123112. [PMID: 36551867 PMCID: PMC9775755 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Gangliosides (GGs) are a glycolipid class present on Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) surfaces with a critical appearance role in stem cell differentiation, even though their mechanistic role in signaling and differentiation remains largely unknown. This review aims to carry out a critical analysis of the predictive role of gangliosides as specific markers of the cellular state of undifferentiated and differentiated MSCs, towards the osteogenic, chondrogenic, neurogenic, and adipogenic lineage. For this reason, we analyzed the role of GGs during multilineage differentiation processes of several types of MSCs such as Umbilical Cord-derived MSCs (UC-MSCs), Bone Marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs), Dental Pulp derived MSCs (DPSCs), and Adipose derived MSCs (ADSCs). Moreover, we examined the possible role of GGs as specific cell surface markers to identify or isolate specific stem cell isotypes and their potential use as additional markers for quality control of cell-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Santilli
- Biomedicine and Advanced Technologies Rieti Center, Sabina Universitas, Angelo Maria Ricci 35A, 02100 Rieti, Italy
| | - Jessica Fabrizi
- Biomedicine and Advanced Technologies Rieti Center, Sabina Universitas, Angelo Maria Ricci 35A, 02100 Rieti, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Fanny Pulcini
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, Vetoio, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Costantino Santacroce
- Biomedicine and Advanced Technologies Rieti Center, Sabina Universitas, Angelo Maria Ricci 35A, 02100 Rieti, Italy
| | - Maurizio Sorice
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Delle Monache
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, Vetoio, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
- Correspondence: (S.D.M.); (V.M.)
| | - Vincenzo Mattei
- Biomedicine and Advanced Technologies Rieti Center, Sabina Universitas, Angelo Maria Ricci 35A, 02100 Rieti, Italy
- Correspondence: (S.D.M.); (V.M.)
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20
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Miao Z, Cao Q, Liao R, Chen X, Li X, Bai L, Ma C, Deng X, Dai Z, Li J, Dong C. Elevated transcription and glycosylation of B3GNT5 promotes breast cancer aggressiveness. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2022; 41:169. [PMID: 35526049 PMCID: PMC9077843 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02375-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Basal-like breast cancer (BLBC) is the most aggressive subtype of breast cancer because of its aggressive biological characteristics and no effective targeted agents. However, the mechanism underlying its aggressive behavior remain poorly understood. β1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase V (B3GNT5) overexpression occurs specifically in BLBC. Here, we studied the possible molecular mechanisms of B3GBT5 promoting the aggressiveness of BLBC. Methods The potential effects of B3GNT5 on breast cancer cells were tested by colony formation, mammosphere formation, cell proliferation assay, flow cytometry and Western blotting. The glycosylation patterns of B3GNT5 and associated functions were determined by Western blotting, quantitative real-time PCR and flow cytometry. The effect of B3GNT5 expression on BLBC was assessed by in vitro and in vivo tumorigenesis model. Results In this study, we showed that B3GNT5 copy number amplification and hypomethylation of B3GNT5 promoter contributed to the overexpression of B3GNT5 in BLBC. Knockout of B3GNT5 strongly reduced surface expression of SSEA-1 and impeded cancer stem cell (CSC)-like properties of BLBC cells. Our results also showed that B3GNT5 protein was heavily N-glycosylated, which is critical for its protein stabilization. Clinically, elevated expression of B3GNT5 was correlated with high grade, large tumor size and poor survival, indicating poor prognosis of breast cancer patients. Conclusions Our work uncovers the critical association of B3GNT5 overexpression and glycosylation with enhanced CSCs properties in BLBC. These findings suggest that B3GNT5 has the potential to become a prognostic marker and therapeutic target for BLBC. Supplementary information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13046-022-02375-5.
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21
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Bush JA, Meyer SM, Fuerst R, Tong Y, Li Y, Benhamou RI, Aikawa H, Zanon PRA, Gibaut QMR, Angelbello AJ, Gendron TF, Zhang YJ, Petrucelli L, Heick Jensen T, Childs-Disney JL, Disney MD. A blood-brain penetrant RNA-targeted small molecule triggers elimination of r(G 4C 2) exp in c9ALS/FTD via the nuclear RNA exosome. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2210532119. [PMID: 36409902 PMCID: PMC9860304 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2210532119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A hexanucleotide repeat expansion in intron 1 of the C9orf72 gene is the most common genetic cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia, or c9ALS/FTD. The RNA transcribed from the expansion, r(G4C2)exp, causes various pathologies, including intron retention, aberrant translation that produces toxic dipeptide repeat proteins (DPRs), and sequestration of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) in RNA foci. Here, we describe a small molecule that potently and selectively interacts with r(G4C2)exp and mitigates disease pathologies in spinal neurons differentiated from c9ALS patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and in two c9ALS/FTD mouse models. These studies reveal a mode of action whereby a small molecule diminishes intron retention caused by the r(G4C2)exp and allows the liberated intron to be eliminated by the nuclear RNA exosome, a multi-subunit degradation complex. Our findings highlight the complexity of mechanisms available to RNA-binding small molecules to alleviate disease pathologies and establishes a pipeline for the design of brain penetrant small molecules targeting RNA with novel modes of action in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A. Bush
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute and UF Scripps Biomedical Research, University of Florida, Jupiter, FL33458
| | - Samantha M. Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute and UF Scripps Biomedical Research, University of Florida, Jupiter, FL33458
| | - Rita Fuerst
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute and UF Scripps Biomedical Research, University of Florida, Jupiter, FL33458
| | - Yuquan Tong
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute and UF Scripps Biomedical Research, University of Florida, Jupiter, FL33458
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute and UF Scripps Biomedical Research, University of Florida, Jupiter, FL33458
| | - Raphael I. Benhamou
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute and UF Scripps Biomedical Research, University of Florida, Jupiter, FL33458
| | - Haruo Aikawa
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute and UF Scripps Biomedical Research, University of Florida, Jupiter, FL33458
| | - Patrick R. A. Zanon
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute and UF Scripps Biomedical Research, University of Florida, Jupiter, FL33458
| | - Quentin M. R. Gibaut
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute and UF Scripps Biomedical Research, University of Florida, Jupiter, FL33458
| | - Alicia J. Angelbello
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute and UF Scripps Biomedical Research, University of Florida, Jupiter, FL33458
| | | | - Yong-Jie Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL32224
| | | | - Torben Heick Jensen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus CDK-8000, Denmark
| | - Jessica L. Childs-Disney
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute and UF Scripps Biomedical Research, University of Florida, Jupiter, FL33458
| | - Matthew D. Disney
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute and UF Scripps Biomedical Research, University of Florida, Jupiter, FL33458
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute and UF Scripps Biomedical Research, University of Florida, Jupiter, FL33458
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22
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Novel Thieno [2,3-b]pyridine Anticancer Compound Lowers Cancer Stem Cell Fraction Inducing Shift of Lipid to Glucose Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911457. [PMID: 36232754 PMCID: PMC9569594 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the role of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in tumor resistance and glycosphingolipid (GSL) involvement in tumor pathogenesis, we investigated the effect of a newly synthesized compound (3-amino-N-(3-chloro-2-methylphenyl)-5-oxo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrothieno[2,3-b]quinoline-2-carboxamide 1 on the percentage of CSCs and the expression of six GSLs on CSCs and non-CSCs on breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7). We also investigated the effect of 1 on the metabolic profile of these cell lines. The MTT assay was used for cytotoxicity determination. Apoptosis and expression of GSLs were assessed by flow cytometry. A GC–MS-coupled system was used for the separation and identification of metabolites. Compound 1 was cytotoxic for both cell lines, and the majority of cells died by treatment-induced apoptosis. The percentage of CSCs was significantly lower in the MDA-MB-231 cell line. Treatment with 1 caused a decrease of CSC IV6Neu5Ac-nLc4Cer+ MDA-MB-231 cells. In the MCF-7 cell line, the percentage of GalNAc-GM1b+ CSCs was increased, while the expression of Gg3Cer was decreased in both CSC and non-CSC. Twenty-one metabolites were identified by metabolic profiling. The major impact of the treatment was in glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, pyruvate and inositol metabolism. Compound 1 exhibited higher potency in MBA-MB-231 cells, and it deserves further examination.
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23
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Glycosphingolipid GM3 prevents albuminuria and podocytopathy induced by anti-nephrin antibody. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16058. [PMID: 36163359 PMCID: PMC9513075 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20265-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Podocytopathy, which is characterized by injury to podocytes, frequently causes proteinuria or nephrotic syndrome. There is currently a paucity of effective therapeutic drugs to treat proteinuric kidney disease. Recent research suggests the possibility that glycosphingolipid GM3 maintains podocyte function by acting on various molecules including nephrin, but its mechanism of action remains unknown. Here, various analyses were performed to examine the potential relationship between GM3 and nephrin, and the function of GM3 in podocytes using podocytopathy mice, GM3 synthase gene knockout mice, and nephrin injury cells. Reduced amounts of GM3 and nephrin were observed in podocytopathy mice. Intriguingly, this reduction of GM3 and nephrin, as well as albuminuria, were inhibited by administration of valproic acid. However, when the same experiment was performed using GM3 synthase gene knockout mice, valproic acid administration did not inhibit albuminuria. Equivalent results were obtained in model cells. These findings indicate that GM3 acts with nephrin in a collaborative manner in the cell membrane. Taken together, elevated levels of GM3 stabilize nephrin, which is a key molecule of the slit diaphragm, by enhancing the environment of the cell membrane and preventing albuminuria. This study provides novel insight into new drug discovery, which may offer a new therapy for kidney disease with albuminuria.
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24
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Liu J, Li M, Wu J, Qi Q, Li Y, Wang S, Liang S, Zhang Y, Zhu Z, Huang R, Yan J, Zhu R. Identification of ST3GAL5 as a prognostic biomarker correlating with CD8+ T cell exhaustion in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Front Immunol 2022; 13:979605. [PMID: 36172374 PMCID: PMC9510991 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.979605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant sialylation is frequently observed in tumor development, but which sialyltransferases are involved in this event are not well known. Herein, we performed comprehensive analyses on six ST3GAL family members, the α-2,3 sialyltransferases, in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) from public datasets. Only ST3GAL5 was consistently and significantly overexpressed in ccRCC (n = 791 in total), compared with normal kidney tissues. Its overexpression was positively correlated with tumor stage, grade, and the poor prognosis in ccRCC patients. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses indicated the involvement of ST3GAL5 in tumor immunoregulation. Then we revealed that ST3GAL5 expression showed a positive correlation with CD8+ T cell infiltration, using multiple tools on TIMER2.0 web server. Notably, ST3GAL5 overexpression was further identified to be associated with expression signature of CD8+ T cell exhaustion in ccRCC samples from three datasets (n = 867 in total; r > 0.3, p < 0.001). In our own ccRCC cohort (n = 45), immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence staining confirmed that ST3GAL5 overexpression was accompanied by high CD8+ T cell infiltration with the increased exhaustion markers. Altogether, ST3GAL5 as a promising prognostic biomarker with CD8+ T cell exhaustion in ccRCC is indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiakuan Liu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meiqian Li
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China
- Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiajun Wu
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Qi
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Simei Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shengjie Liang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuqing Zhang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhitao Zhu
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruimin Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Ruimin Huang, ; Jun Yan, ; Rujian Zhu,
| | - Jun Yan
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Ruimin Huang, ; Jun Yan, ; Rujian Zhu,
| | - Rujian Zhu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Ruimin Huang, ; Jun Yan, ; Rujian Zhu,
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25
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Meléndez AV, Velasco Cárdenas RMH, Lagies S, Strietz J, Siukstaite L, Thomas OS, Tomisch J, Weber W, Kammerer B, Römer W, Minguet S. Novel lectin-based chimeric antigen receptors target Gb3-positive tumour cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:513. [PMID: 36097202 PMCID: PMC9468074 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04524-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The link between cancer and aberrant glycosylation has recently become evident. Glycans and their altered forms, known as tumour-associated carbohydrate antigens (TACAs), are diverse, complex and difficult to target therapeutically. Lectins are naturally occurring glycan-binding proteins that offer a unique opportunity to recognise TACAs. T cells expressing chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) have proven to be a successful immunotherapy against leukaemias, but so far have shown limited success in solid tumours. We developed a panel of lectin-CARs that recognise the glycosphingolipid globotriaosylceramide (Gb3), which is overexpressed in various cancers, such as Burkitt's lymphoma, colorectal, breast and pancreatic. We have selected the following lectins: Shiga toxin's B-subunit from Shigella dysenteriae, LecA from Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and the engineered lectin Mitsuba from Mytilus galloprovincialis as antigen-binding domains and fused them to a well-known second-generation CAR. The Gb3-binding lectin-CARs have demonstrated target-specific cytotoxicity against Burkitt's lymphoma-derived cell lines as well as solid tumour cells from colorectal and triple-negative breast cancer. Our findings reveal the big potential of lectin-based CARs as therapeutical applications to target Gb3 and other TACAs expressed in haematological malignancies and solid tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Valeria Meléndez
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 1, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- BIOSS, Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 18, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- CIBSS, Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 18, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), University of Freiburg, Albertstraße 19a, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Rubí M-H Velasco Cárdenas
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 1, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- BIOSS, Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 18, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- CIBSS, Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 18, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Simon Lagies
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Albertstraße 21, 79102, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Lina Siukstaite
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 1, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- BIOSS, Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 18, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- CIBSS, Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 18, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Oliver S Thomas
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 1, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- BIOSS, Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 18, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- CIBSS, Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 18, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), University of Freiburg, Albertstraße 19a, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jana Tomisch
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 1, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- BIOSS, Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 18, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- CIBSS, Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 18, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Wilfried Weber
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 1, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- BIOSS, Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 18, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- CIBSS, Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 18, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), University of Freiburg, Albertstraße 19a, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Kammerer
- BIOSS, Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 18, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Albertstraße 21, 79102, Freiburg, Germany
- Centre for Integrative Signalling Analysis, University of Freiburg, Habsburgerstraße 49, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Winfried Römer
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 1, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.
- BIOSS, Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 18, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.
- CIBSS, Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 18, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.
- Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), University of Freiburg, Albertstraße 19a, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.
- Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies (FRIAS), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Susana Minguet
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 1, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.
- BIOSS, Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 18, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.
- CIBSS, Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 18, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.
- Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), University of Freiburg, Albertstraße 19a, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.
- Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies (FRIAS), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
- Center of Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), University Clinics and Medical Faculty, Freiburg, Germany.
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26
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Li J, Long Y, Sun J, Wu J, He X, Wang S, Wang X, Miao X, Huang R, Yan J. Comprehensive landscape of the ST3GAL family reveals the significance of ST3GAL6-AS1/ST3GAL6 axis on EGFR signaling in lung adenocarcinoma cell invasion. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:931132. [PMID: 36092699 PMCID: PMC9462654 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.931132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sialylation aberration has been implicated in lung cancer development by altering signaling pathways. Hence, it is urgent to identify key sialyltransferases in the development of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), which is a common malignant subtype of non-small cell lung cancer. Herein, by systematically investigating the expression levels of ST3GAL family members in several public databases, we consistently found the frequent downregulation of ST3GAL6 in LUAD samples. Its downregulation is significantly negatively associated with stage, and significantly reduced in proximal-proliferative molecular subtype and predicts poor clinical outcomes. By protein–protein interaction network analysis and validation, we found that ST3GAL6 deficiency promotes LUAD cell invasiveness with the activated EGFR/MAPK signaling, accompanied by the elevated expression levels of matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9, which can be partially reversed by EGFR inhibitor, gefitinib. Additionally, the ST3GAL6 level was positively regulated by ST3GAL6-AS1, an antisense long non-coding RNA to its host gene. The downregulation of ST3GAL6-AS1 also heralds a worse prognosis in LUAD patients and promotes LUAD cell invasiveness, recapitulating the function of its host gene, ST3GAL6. Altogether, ST3GAL6-AS1-regulated ST3GAL6 is a frequently downregulated sialyltransferase in LUAD patients and negatively regulates EGFR signaling, which can serve as a promising independent prognostic marker in LUAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxuan Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiming Long
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingya Sun
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiajun Wu
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao He
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Simei Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiongbiao Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Interventional Cancer Institute of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiayi Miao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xiayi Miao, ; Ruimin Huang, ; Jun Yan,
| | - Ruimin Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Xiayi Miao, ; Ruimin Huang, ; Jun Yan,
| | - Jun Yan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xiayi Miao, ; Ruimin Huang, ; Jun Yan,
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27
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Glycosphingolipids are mediators of cancer plasticity through independent signaling pathways. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111181. [PMID: 35977490 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular repertoire promoting cancer cell plasticity is not fully elucidated. Here, we propose that glycosphingolipids (GSLs), specifically the globo and ganglio series, correlate and promote the transition between epithelial and mesenchymal cells. The epithelial character of ovarian cancer remains stable throughout disease progression, and spatial glycosphingolipidomics reveals elevated globosides in the tumor compartment compared with the ganglioside-rich stroma. CRISPR-Cas9 knockin mediated truncation of endogenous E-cadherin induces epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and decreases globosides. The transcriptomics analysis identifies the ganglioside-synthesizing enzyme ST8SIA1 to be consistently elevated in mesenchymal-like samples, predicting poor outcome. Subsequent deletion of ST8SIA1 induces epithelial cell features through mTORS2448 phosphorylation, whereas loss of globosides in ΔA4GALT cells, resulting in EMT, is accompanied by increased ERKY202/T204 and AKTS124. The GSL composition dynamics corroborate cancer cell plasticity, and further evidence suggests that mesenchymal cells are maintained through ganglioside-dependent, calcium-mediated mechanisms.
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28
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Pan-Cancer Analysis of B4GALNT1 as a Potential Prognostic and Immunological Biomarker. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:4355890. [PMID: 35935585 PMCID: PMC9352475 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4355890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Gangliosides act as important roles in tumor progression. B4GALNT1 is a key enzyme in ganglioside biosynthesis. B4GALNT1 expression is linked to tumorigenesis and the prognosis of tumor patients. Nevertheless, the role of B4GALNT1 in pan-cancer remains unclear. Methods. Several databases, including TCGA, GEO, GTEx, NCI-60, and TIMER, were searched. Methods including correlation analysis, Cox regression analysis, and Kaplan-Meier analysis were used to explore the expression pattern, prognosis, tumor infiltration pattern, genetics and epigenetics, and drug sensitivity of B4GALNT1 in pan-cancer patients from the above datasets. Results. B4GALNT1 was found to be aberrantly expressed in multiple types of tumors. The survival status of tumor patients was significantly related to B4GALNT1 expression, but the correlations were tumor-specific. Moreover, the expression of B4GALNT1 was associated with ImmuneScore and StromalScore in 21 and 27 tumor types, respectively. Also, B4GALNT1 was significantly associated with TMB, MSI, MMR, and DNA methylation. Additionally, the sensitivity of 9 drugs was correlated with the expression of B4GALNT1. Conclusion. A correlation of B4GALNT1 expression with prognosis exists in multiple types of cancers. In addition, B4GALNT1 expression may play a role in TME and tumor immunity regulation. Further investigation of the biological mechanisms of its different roles in tumorigenesis and clinical application as a biomarker is still required.
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Glycosyltransferases in Cancer: Prognostic Biomarkers of Survival in Patient Cohorts and Impact on Malignancy in Experimental Models. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14092128. [PMID: 35565254 PMCID: PMC9100214 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Glycosylation changes are a main feature of cancer. Some carbohydrate epitopes and expression levels of glycosyltransferases have been used or proposed as prognostic markers, while many experimental works have investigated the role of glycosyltransferases in malignancy. Using the transcriptomic data of the 21 TCGA cohorts, we correlated the expression level of 114 glycosyltransferases with the overall survival of patients. Methods: Using the Oncolnc website, we determined the Kaplan−Meier survival curves for the patients falling in the 15% upper or lower percentile of mRNA expression of each glycosyltransferase. Results: Seventeen glycosyltransferases involved in initial steps of N- or O-glycosylation and of glycolipid biosynthesis, in chain extension and sialylation were unequivocally associated with bad prognosis in a majority of cohorts. Four glycosyltransferases were associated with good prognosis. Other glycosyltransferases displayed an extremely high predictive value in only one or a few cohorts. The top were GALNT3, ALG6 and B3GNT7, which displayed a p < 1 × 10−9 in the low-grade glioma (LGG) cohort. Comparison with published experimental data points to ALG3, GALNT2, B4GALNT1, POFUT1, B4GALT5, B3GNT5 and ST3GAL2 as the most consistently malignancy-associated enzymes. Conclusions: We identified several cancer-associated glycosyltransferases as potential prognostic markers and therapeutic targets.
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Zhou Z, Wang T, Du Y, Deng J, Gao G, Zhang J. Identification of a Novel Glycosyltransferase Prognostic Signature in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Based on LASSO Algorithm. Front Genet 2022; 13:823728. [PMID: 35356430 PMCID: PMC8959637 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.823728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Although many prognostic models have been developed to help determine personalized prognoses and treatments, the predictive efficiency of these prognostic models in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which is a highly heterogeneous malignancy, is less than ideal. Recently, aberrant glycosylation has been demonstrated to universally participate in tumour initiation and progression, suggesting that dysregulation of glycosyltransferases can serve as novel cancer biomarkers. In this study, a total of 568 RNA-sequencing datasets of HCC from the TCGA database and ICGC database were analysed and integrated via bioinformatic methods. LASSO regression analysis was applied to construct a prognostic signature. Kaplan-Meier survival, ROC curve, nomogram, and univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to assess the predictive efficiency of the prognostic signature. GSEA and the "CIBERSORT" R package were utilized to further discover the potential biological mechanism of the prognostic signature. Meanwhile, the differential expression of the prognostic signature was verified by western blot, qRT-PCR and immunohistochemical staining derived from the HPA. Ultimately, we constructed a prognostic signature in HCC based on a combination of six glycosyltransferases, whose prognostic value was evaluated and validated successfully in the testing cohort and the validation cohort. The prognostic signature was identified as an independent unfavourable prognostic factor for OS, and a nomogram including the risk score was established and showed the good performance in predicting OS. Further analysis of the underlying mechanism revealed that the prognostic signature may be potentially associated with metabolic disorders and tumour-infiltrating immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyang Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Day Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yao Du
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Junping Deng
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ge Gao
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jiangnan Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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31
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Experimental and computational characterization of dynamic biomolecular interaction systems involving glycolipid glycans. Glycoconj J 2022; 39:219-228. [PMID: 35298725 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-022-10056-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
On cell surfaces, carbohydrate chains that modify proteins and lipids mediate various biological functions, which are exerted not only through carbohydrate-protein interactions but also through carbohydrate-carbohydrate interactions. These glycans exhibit considerable degrees of conformational variability and often form clusters providing multiple binding sites. The integration of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulation has made it possible to delineate the dynamical structures of carbohydrate chains. This approach has facilitated the remodeling of oligosaccharide conformational space in the prebound state to improve protein-binding affinity and has been applied to visualize dynamic carbohydrate-carbohydrate interactions that control glycoprotein-glycoprotein complex formation. Functional glycoclusters have been characterized by experimental and computational approaches applied to various model membranes and artificial self-assembling systems. This line of investigation has provided dynamic views of molecular assembling on glycoclusters, giving mechanistic insights into physiological and pathological molecular events on cell surfaces as well as clues for the design and creation of molecular systems exerting improved glycofunctions. Further development and accumulation of such studies will allow detailed understanding and artificial control of the "glycosynapse" foreseen by Dr. Sen-itiroh Hakomori.
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32
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Glycosphingolipids in human embryonic stem cells and breast cancer stem cells, and potential cancer therapy strategies based on their structures and functions. Glycoconj J 2022; 39:177-195. [PMID: 35267131 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-021-10032-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Expression profiles of glycosphingolipids (GSLs) in human embryonic stem cell (hESC) lines and their differentiated embryoid body (EB) outgrowth cells, consisting of three germ layers, were surveyed systematically. Several globo- and lacto-series GSLs were identified in undifferentiated hESCs and during differentiation of hESCs to EB outgrowth cells, and core structure switching of these GSLs to gangliosides was observed. Such switching was attributable to altered expression of key glycosyltransferases (GTs) in GSL biosynthetic pathways, reflecting the unique stage-specific transitions and mechanisms characteristic of the differentiation process. Lineage-specific differentiation of hESCs was associated with further GSL alterations. During differentiation of undifferentiated hESCs to neural progenitor cells, core structure switching from globo- and lacto-series to primarily gangliosides (particularly GD3) was again observed. During differentiation to endodermal cells, alterations of GSL profiles were distinct from those in differentiation to EB outgrowth or neural progenitor cells, with high expression of Gb4Cer and low expression of stage-specific embryonic antigen (SSEA)-3, -4, or GD3 in endodermal cells. Again, such profile changes resulted from alterations of key GTs in GSL biosynthetic pathways. Novel glycan structures identified on hESCs and their differentiated counterparts presumably play functional roles in hESCs and related cancer or cancer stem cells, and will be useful as surface biomarkers. We also examined GSL expression profiles in breast cancer stem cells (CSCs), using a model of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-induced human breast CSCs. We found that GD2 and GD3, together with their common upstream GTs, GD3 synthase (GD3S) and GD2/GM2 synthase, maintained stem cell phenotype in breast CSCs. Subsequent studies showed that GD3 was associated with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and activated EGFR signaling in breast CSCs and breast cancer cell lines. GD3S knockdown enhanced cytotoxicity of gefitinib (an EGFR kinase inhibitor) in resistant MDA-MB468 cells, both in vitro and in vivo. Our findings indicate that GD3S contributes to gefitinib resistance in EGFR-positive breast cancer cells, and is a potentially useful therapeutic target in drug-resistant breast cancers.
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Todd TW, Petrucelli L. Modelling amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in rodents. Nat Rev Neurosci 2022; 23:231-251. [PMID: 35260846 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-022-00564-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The efficient study of human disease requires the proper tools, one of the most crucial of which is an accurate animal model that faithfully recapitulates the human condition. The study of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is no exception. Although the majority of ALS cases are considered sporadic, most animal models of this disease rely on genetic mutations identified in familial cases. Over the past decade, the number of genes associated with ALS has risen dramatically and, with each new genetic variant, there is a drive to develop associated animal models. Rodent models are of particular importance as they allow for the study of ALS in the context of a living mammal with a comparable CNS. Such models not only help to verify the pathogenicity of novel mutations but also provide critical insight into disease mechanisms and are crucial for the testing of new therapeutics. In this Review, we aim to summarize the full spectrum of ALS rodent models developed to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany W Todd
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Leonard Petrucelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
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Kasprowicz A, Sophie GD, Lagadec C, Delannoy P. Role of GD3 Synthase ST8Sia I in Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14051299. [PMID: 35267607 PMCID: PMC8909605 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14051299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The carbohydrate moiety of cell surface glycolipids is modified in cancers of neuro–ectoderm origin, leading to the expression of more complex structures with two or more sialic acid residues. These alterations result from the upregulation of the ST8SIA1 gene that encodes GD3 synthase, the enzyme controlling the biosynthesis of complex gangliosides, and are usually associated with a more aggressive phenotype and a poor outcome for patients, making GD3 synthase an interesting target for cancer therapy. This review reports our general knowledge of GD3 synthase gene expression and regulation, its role in both epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer progression, and the different approaches targeting GD3S expression in cancers. Abstract GD3 synthase controls the biosynthesis of complex gangliosides, bearing two or more sialic acid residues. Disialylated gangliosides GD3 and GD2 are tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens (TACA) in neuro–ectoderm-derived cancers, and are directly involved in cell malignant properties, i.e., migration, invasion, stemness, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition. Since GD3 and GD2 levels are directly linked to GD3 synthase expression and activity, targeting GD3 synthase appears to be a promising strategy through which to interfere with ganglioside-associated malignant properties. We review here the current knowledge on GD3 synthase expression and regulation in cancers, and the consequences of complex ganglioside expression on cancer cell signaling and properties, highlighting the relationships between GD3 synthase expression and epithelial–mesenchymal transition and stemness. Different strategies were used to modulate GD3 synthase expression in cancer cells in vitro and in animal models, such as inhibitors or siRNA/lncRNA, which efficiently reduced cancer cell malignant properties and the proportion of GD2 positive cancer stem cells, which are associated with high metastatic properties, resistance to therapy, and cancer relapse. These data show the relevance of targeting GD3 synthase in association with conventional therapies, to decrease the number of cancer stem cells in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelina Kasprowicz
- University of Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycosylation Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000 Lille, France;
| | - Groux-Degroote Sophie
- University of Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycosylation Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000 Lille, France;
- Correspondence: (G.-D.S.); (P.D.)
| | - Chann Lagadec
- University of Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille UMR9020-U1277-CANTHER Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, F-59000 Lille, France;
| | - Philippe Delannoy
- University of Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycosylation Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000 Lille, France;
- Correspondence: (G.-D.S.); (P.D.)
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35
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Cheng JY, Hung JT, Lin J, Lo FY, Huang JR, Chiou SP, Wang YH, Lin RJ, Wu JC, Yu J, Yu AL. O-Acetyl-GD2 as a Therapeutic Target for Breast Cancer Stem Cells. Front Immunol 2022; 12:791551. [PMID: 35046949 PMCID: PMC8761789 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.791551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Synopsis A sugar-lipid molecule called OAcGD2 is a novel marker for breast cancer stem cells. Treatment with anti-OAcGD2 mAb8B6 may have superior anticancer efficacy by targeting cancer stem cells, thereby reducing metastasis and recurrence of cancer. Background Cancer stem cells (CSCs) that drive tumor progression and disease recurrence are rare subsets of tumor cells. CSCs are relatively resistant to conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Eradication of CSCs is thus essential to achieve durable responses. GD2 was reported to be a CSC marker in human triple-negative breast cancer, and anti-GD2 immunotherapy showed reduced tumor growth in cell lines. Using a specific anti-OAcGD2 antibody, mAb8D6, we set out to determine whether OAcGD2+ cells exhibit stem cell properties and mAb8D6 can inhibit tumor growth by targeting OAcGD2+CSCs. Method OAcGD2 expression in patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) of breast cancer was determined by flow cytometric analyses using mAb8D6. The stemness of OAcGD2+ cells isolated by sorting and the effects of mAb8B6 were assessed by CSC growth and mammosphere formation in vitro and tumor growth in vivo using PDX models. Result We found that the OAcGD2 expression levels in six PDXs of various molecular subtypes of breast cancer highly correlated with their previously defined CSC markers in these PDXs. The sorted OAcGD2+ cells displayed a greater capacity for mammosphere formation in vitro and tumor initiation in vivo than OAcGD2− cells. In addition, the majority of OAcGD2+ cells were aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH+) or CD44hiCD24lo, the known CSC markers in breast cancer. Treatment of PDXs-bearing mice with mAb8B6, but not doxorubicin, suppressed the tumor growth, along with reduced CSCs as assessed by CSC markers and in vivo tumorigenicity. In vitro, mAb8B6 suppressed proliferation and mammosphere formation and induced apoptosis of OAcGD2+ breast cancer cells harvested from PDXs, in a dose-dependent manner. Finally, administration of mAb8B6 in vivo dramatically suppressed tumor growth of OAcGD2+ breast CSCs (BCSCs) with complete tumor abrogation in 3/6 mice. Conclusion OAcGD2 is a novel marker for CSC in various subtypes of breast cancer. Anti-OAcGD2 mAb8B6 directly eradicated OAcGD2+ cells and reduced tumor growth in PDX model. Our data demonstrate the potential of mAb8B6 as a promising immunotherapeutic agent to target BCSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yan Cheng
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Tung Hung
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Juway Lin
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Fei-Yun Lo
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Rong Huang
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Pin Chiou
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Hui Wang
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ruey-Jen Lin
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Chine Wu
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - John Yu
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Alice L Yu
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Chang Gung Univeristy, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California in San Diego, CA, United States.,Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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36
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Zhong E, Brogi E, D’Alfonso TM, Wen H, Frosina D, Cheung NK, Jungbluth AA, Ross DS. Expression Analysis of GD2 by Immunohistochemistry in Invasive Breast Carcinoma: Clinical and Pathologic Correlation. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2022; 30:113-118. [PMID: 34545847 PMCID: PMC8857015 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The glycosphingolipid disialoganglioside GD2 is a cell surface-associated antigen expressed on tumors of neuroectodermal origin that serves as a target of immunotherapy in select cancer types. Information about the expression of GD2 in breast cancer is limited. In the present study, we investigate the utility of GD2 as a potential biomarker for targeted treatment. The study cohort consists of 386 breast carcinomas of several histologic types. GD2 expression was assessed in both whole tumor sections and tissue microarrays with anti-GD2 3F8 monoclonal antibody immunohistochemistry and correlated with clinicopathologic features and survival outcomes. A total of 134 (35%) breast carcinomas were positive for GD2, with a median H-score of 100. 3F8 staining displayed granular and predominantly cytoplasmic or perinuclear patterns, which was confined to the neoplastic tissue in nearly all cases. GD2 positivity was significantly associated with tumor histologic type (P=0.0015), low grade (P<0.0001), estrogen receptor positivity (P<0.0001), low stage (P=0.0014), and multifocality (P=0.022). Event-free survival and overall survival of patients with GD2-positive and GD2-negative tumors were not significantly different. Our results support further assessment of GD2 using the 3F8 antibody as a predictive and prognostic biomarker in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Zhong
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Edi Brogi
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Timothy M. D’Alfonso
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hannah Wen
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Denise Frosina
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nai-Kong Cheung
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Achim A. Jungbluth
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dara S. Ross
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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Liquid Biopsies: Flowing Biomarkers. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1379:341-368. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-04039-9_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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38
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Hugonnet M, Singh P, Haas Q, von Gunten S. The Distinct Roles of Sialyltransferases in Cancer Biology and Onco-Immunology. Front Immunol 2021; 12:799861. [PMID: 34975914 PMCID: PMC8718907 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.799861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant glycosylation is a key feature of malignant transformation. Hypersialylation, the enhanced expression of sialic acid-terminated glycoconjugates on the cell surface, has been linked to immune evasion and metastatic spread, eventually by interaction with sialoglycan-binding lectins, including Siglecs and selectins. The biosynthesis of tumor-associated sialoglycans involves sialyltransferases, which are differentially expressed in cancer cells. In this review article, we provide an overview of the twenty human sialyltransferases and their roles in cancer biology and immunity. A better understanding of the individual contribution of select sialyltransferases to the tumor sialome may lead to more personalized strategies for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjolaine Hugonnet
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Bern Center for Precision Medicine (BCPM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Pushpita Singh
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Quentin Haas
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stephan von Gunten
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Bern Center for Precision Medicine (BCPM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Mansoori M, Abdi Rad I, Mirzaei A, Tam KJ, Mohsen Hosseini S, Mahmodlu R, Mansouri F, Saeednejad Zanjani L, Madjd Z. Does GD2 synthase (GD2S) detect cancer stem cells in blood samples of breast carcinomas? J Appl Biomed 2021; 19:181-189. [PMID: 34907737 DOI: 10.32725/jab.2021.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a theorized subset of cells within the tumor that is thought to drive disease recurrence and metastatic spread. The aim of this study is to investigate mRNA and protein levels of ganglioside GD2 synthase (GD2S), in breast cancer (BC) patients. METHODS 65 PBMCs of preoperative BC patients without chemotherapy were compared to PBMCs after chemotherapy and controls. RESULTS GD2S were significantly higher in BC patients after chemotherapy compared to pre-chemotherapy at both mRNA and protein. GD2S was higher in pre-chemotherapy blood samples compared to control samples. CONCLUSIONS Higher expression of GD2S in BC samples compared to healthy control indicates the potential utility of GD2S as a marker of malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Mansoori
- Iran University of Medical Sciences, Oncopathology Research Center, Tehran, Iran.,Iran University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Department of Molecular Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Isa Abdi Rad
- Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Urmia, Iran
| | - Alireza Mirzaei
- Iran University of Medical Sciences, Shafa Orthopedic Hospital, Bone and Joint Reconstruction Research Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kevin J Tam
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Seyed Mohsen Hosseini
- Omid specialty and subspecialty Hospital, Oncology and Radiotherapy Ward, Urmia, Iran
| | - Rahim Mahmodlu
- Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Department of Surgery, Urmia, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mansouri
- Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Genetics and Immunology, Urmia, Iran
| | | | - Zahra Madjd
- Iran University of Medical Sciences, Oncopathology Research Center, Tehran, Iran.,Iran University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Department of Molecular Medicine, Tehran, Iran
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Single-Cell Proteomic Analysis Dissects the Complexity of Tumor Microenvironment in Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215440. [PMID: 34771607 PMCID: PMC8582554 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The tumor microenvironment (TME) is considered to play a key role in the development of many types of tumors. Muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC), which is well known for its heterogeneity, has a highly complex TME. Herein, we integrated mass cytometry and imaging mass cytometry to systematically investigate the complexity of the MIBC TME. Our investigation revealed tumor and immune cells with diverse phenotypes. We identified a specific cancer stem-like cell cluster (ALDH+PD-L1+ER-β−), which is associated with poor prognosis and highlighted the importance of the spatial distribution patterns of MIBC TME components. The present study comprehensively elucidated the complexity of the MIBC TME and provides potentially valuable information for future research. Abstract Muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) is a malignancy with considerable heterogeneity. The MIBC tumor microenvironment (TME) is highly complex, comprising diverse phenotypes and spatial architectures. The complexity of the MIBC TME must be characterized to provide potential targets for precision therapy. Herein, an integrated combination of mass cytometry and imaging mass cytometry was used to analyze tumor cells, immune cells, and TME spatial characteristics of 44 MIBC patients. We detected tumor and immune cell clusters with abnormal phenotypes. In particular, we identified a previously overlooked cancer stem-like cell cluster (ALDH+PD-L1+ER-β−) that was strongly associated with poor prognosis. We elucidated the different spatial architectures of immune cells (excluded, infiltrated, and deserted) and tumor-associated collagens (curved, stretched, directionally distributed, and chaotic) in the MIBC TME. The present study is the first to provide in-depth insight into the complexity of the MIBC TME at the single-cell level. Our results will improve the general understanding of the heterogeneous characteristics of MIBC, potentially facilitating patient stratification and personalized therapy.
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41
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Patel KD, De M, Jethva DD, Rathod BS, Patel PS. Alterations in Sialylation Patterns are Significantly Associated with Imatinib Mesylate Resistance in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia. Arch Med Res 2021; 53:51-58. [PMID: 34275666 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2021.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The study examined sialylation changes for their potential predictive value in assessment of imatinib mesylate (IM) resistance, alone and/or with BCR-ABL1 transcript variants among chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cases. METHODS A total of 98 CML cases (un-treated cases, IM non-responders and IM responders) were enrolled in the study. Total sialic acid (TSA) and total protein (TP) levels were estimated spectrophotometrically, the expression profiles of BCR-ABL1, ST3GAL1 and ST3GAL2 were evaluated using qRT-PCR assays and BCR-ABL1 transcript variants were identified through subjecting PCR products to agarose gel electrophoresis. RESULTS The results manifested increase in e14a2 transcript and decrease in co-expression of both transcripts (e13a2 and e14a2) in IM non-responders than un-treated CML cases. Notably, TSA/TP ratio was higher, whereas ST3GAL1 and ST3GAL2 expressions were lower in un-treated CML cases and IM non-responders as against IM responders. Further, ST3GAL2 expression was lower in un-treated CML cases than IM non-responders. Receiver operating characteristic curves also proved their discriminatory efficiencies. Decisively, the rise in TSA levels and the fall in ST3GAL1 and ST3GAL2 levels were evidently related to CML progression and clinical indicators of treatment failure (high BCR-ABL1 ratio, high WBC count, high platelet count and low Hb levels). The alterations in TSA, ST3GAL1 and ST3GAL2 levels were remarkably associated with each other. CONCLUSIONS The altered levels of TSA, ST3GAL1 and ST3GAL2 are, to a significant extent, associated with IM resistance in CML, which have clinical relevance in treatment monitoring and IM resistance treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinjal D Patel
- Cancer Biology Department, The Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute, Civil Hospital Campus, Asarwa, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Maitri De
- Cancer Biology Department, The Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute, Civil Hospital Campus, Asarwa, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Disha D Jethva
- Cancer Biology Department, The Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute, Civil Hospital Campus, Asarwa, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Bharati S Rathod
- Cancer Biology Department, The Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute, Civil Hospital Campus, Asarwa, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Prabhudas S Patel
- Cancer Biology Department, The Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute, Civil Hospital Campus, Asarwa, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.
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Cancer-Associated Glycosphingolipids as Tumor Markers and Targets for Cancer Immunotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22116145. [PMID: 34200284 PMCID: PMC8201009 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant expression of glycosphingolipids is a hallmark of cancer cells and is associated with their malignant properties. Disialylated gangliosides GD2 and GD3 are considered as markers of neuroectoderm origin in tumors, whereas fucosyl-GM1 is expressed in very few normal tissues but overexpressed in a variety of cancers, especially in small cell lung carcinoma. These gangliosides are absent in most normal adult tissues, making them targets of interest in immuno-oncology. Passive and active immunotherapy strategies have been developed, and have shown promising results in clinical trials. In this review, we summarized the current knowledge on GD2, GD3, and fucosyl-GM1 expression in health and cancer, their biosynthesis pathways in the Golgi apparatus, and their biological roles. We described how their overexpression can affect intracellular signaling pathways, increasing the malignant phenotypes of cancer cells, including their metastatic potential and invasiveness. Finally, the different strategies used to target these tumor-associated gangliosides for immunotherapy were discussed, including the use and development of monoclonal antibodies, vaccines, immune system modulators, and immune effector-cell therapy, with a special focus on adoptive cellular therapy with T cells engineered to express chimeric antigen receptors.
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Lingwood C. Therapeutic Uses of Bacterial Subunit Toxins. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13060378. [PMID: 34073185 PMCID: PMC8226680 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13060378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The B subunit pentamer verotoxin (VT aka Shiga toxin-Stx) binding to its cellular glycosphingolipid (GSL) receptor, globotriaosyl ceramide (Gb3) mediates internalization and the subsequent receptor mediated retrograde intracellular traffic of the AB5 subunit holotoxin to the endoplasmic reticulum. Subunit separation and cytosolic A subunit transit via the ER retrotranslocon as a misfolded protein mimic, then inhibits protein synthesis to kill cells, which can cause hemolytic uremic syndrome clinically. This represents one of the most studied systems of prokaryotic hijacking of eukaryotic biology. Similarly, the interaction of cholera AB5 toxin with its GSL receptor, GM1 ganglioside, is the key component of the gastrointestinal pathogenesis of cholera and follows the same retrograde transport pathway for A subunit cytosol access. Although both VT and CT are the cause of major pathology worldwide, the toxin–receptor interaction is itself being manipulated to generate new approaches to control, rather than cause, disease. This arena comprises two areas: anti neoplasia, and protein misfolding diseases. CT/CTB subunit immunomodulatory function and anti-cancer toxin immunoconjugates will not be considered here. In the verotoxin case, it is clear that Gb3 (and VT targeting) is upregulated in many human cancers and that there is a relationship between GSL expression and cancer drug resistance. While both verotoxin and cholera toxin similarly hijack the intracellular ERAD quality control system of nascent protein folding, the more widespread cell expression of GM1 makes cholera the toxin of choice as the means to more widely utilise ERAD targeting to ameliorate genetic diseases of protein misfolding. Gb3 is primarily expressed in human renal tissue. Glomerular endothelial cells are the primary VT target but Gb3 is expressed in other endothelial beds, notably brain endothelial cells which can mediate the encephalopathy primarily associated with VT2-producing E. coli infection. The Gb3 levels can be regulated by cytokines released during EHEC infection, which complicate pathogenesis. Significantly Gb3 is upregulated in the neovasculature of many tumours, irrespective of tumour Gb3 status. Gb3 is markedly increased in pancreatic, ovarian, breast, testicular, renal, astrocytic, gastric, colorectal, cervical, sarcoma and meningeal cancer relative to the normal tissue. VT has been shown to be effective in mouse xenograft models of renal, astrocytoma, ovarian, colorectal, meningioma, and breast cancer. These studies are herein reviewed. Both CT and VT (and several other bacterial toxins) access the cell cytosol via cell surface ->ER transport. Once in the ER they interface with the protein folding homeostatic quality control pathway of the cell -ERAD, (ER associated degradation), which ensures that only correctly folded nascent proteins are allowed to progress to their cellular destinations. Misfolded proteins are translocated through the ER membrane and degraded by cytosolic proteosome. VT and CT A subunits have a C terminal misfolded protein mimic sequence to hijack this transporter to enter the cytosol. This interface between exogenous toxin and genetically encoded endogenous mutant misfolded proteins, provides a new therapeutic basis for the treatment of such genetic diseases, e.g., Cystic fibrosis, Gaucher disease, Krabbe disease, Fabry disease, Tay-Sachs disease and many more. Studies showing the efficacy of this approach in animal models of such diseases are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clifford Lingwood
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada;
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, and Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
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Talabnin K, Talabnin C, Kumagai T, Sutatum N, Khiaowichit J, Dechsukhum C, Ishihara M, Azadi P, Sripa B. Ganglioside GM2: a potential biomarker for cholangiocarcinoma. J Int Med Res 2021; 48:300060520903216. [PMID: 32692591 PMCID: PMC7375732 DOI: 10.1177/0300060520903216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the expression of glycosphingolipids in serum and tissue from patients with cholangiocarcinoma compared with healthy controls. METHODS Nanospray ionization-linear ion trap mass spectrometry (NSI-MSn) was used to demonstrate the comparative structural glycomics of glycosphingolipids in serum from patients with cholangiocarcinoma (n=15), compared with healthy controls (n = 15). GM2 expression in cholangiocarcinoma tissues (n = 60) was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Eleven glycosphingolipids were detected by NSI-MSn: CMH (ceramide monohexose), Lac-Cer (galactose (Gal)β1-4 glucose (Glc)β1-1'-ceramide), Gb3 (Galα1-4Galβ1-4Glcβ1-1'-ceramide), Gb4/Lc4 (N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc)β1-3Galα1-4Galβ1-4Glcβ1-1'-ceramide/Galβ1-4 N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc)β1-3Galβ1-4Glcβ1-1'-ceramide), GM3 (N-acetylneuraminic acid (NeuAc)2-3Galβ1-4Glcβ1-1'-ceramide), GM2 (GalNAcβ1-4[NeuAc2-3]Galβ1-4Glcβ1-1'-ceramide), GM1 (Galβ1-3GalNAcβ1-4[NeuAc2-3]Galβ1-4Glcβ1-1'-ceramide), hFA (hydroxylated fatty acid)-CMH, hFA-Lac-Cer, hFA-Gb3, and hFA-GM3. Lac-Cer was the most abundant structure among the lactosides and globosides (normal, 24.40% ± 0.11%; tumor, 24.61% ± 2.10%), while GM3 predominated among the gangliosides (normal, 29.14% ± 1.31%; tumor, 30.53% ± 4.04%). The two glycosphingolipids that significantly differed between healthy controls and patients with cholangiocarcinoma were Gb3 and GM2. High expression of GM2 was associated with vascular invasion in tissue from patients with cholangiocarcinoma. CONCLUSIONS Altered expression of glycosphingolipids in tissue and serum from patients with cholangiocarcinoma may contribute to tumor growth and progression. The ganglioside GM2, which significantly increased in the serum of patients with cholangiocarcinoma, represents a promising target as a biomarker for cholangiocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krajang Talabnin
- School of Pathology, Institute of Medicine, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand.,Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Chutima Talabnin
- Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Tadahiro Kumagai
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Nuchanard Sutatum
- School of Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Juthamas Khiaowichit
- School of Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Chawaboon Dechsukhum
- School of Pathology, Institute of Medicine, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Mayumi Ishihara
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Parastoo Azadi
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Banchob Sripa
- Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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45
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Ly S, Anand V, El-Dana F, Nguyen K, Cai Y, Cai S, Piwnica-Worms H, Tripathy D, Sahin AA, Andreeff M, Battula VL. Anti-GD2 antibody dinutuximab inhibits triple-negative breast tumor growth by targeting GD2 + breast cancer stem-like cells. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:e001197. [PMID: 33722905 PMCID: PMC7970220 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-001197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive breast cancer subtype with no effective standard therapy. Breast cancer stem-like cells (BCSCs) in primary TNBCs are reported to be responsible for metastatic spread of the disease and resistance to chemotherapy, but no available therapeutic tools target BCSCs. We previously reported that the ganglioside GD2 is highly expressed on BCSCs and that inhibition of its expression hampers TNBC growth. We therefore hypothesized that the anti-GD2 antibody dinutuximab (ch14.18) targets GD2+ BCSCs and inhibits TNBC growth. METHOD To test our hypothesis, we first determined GD2 expression via immunohistochemistry in frozen primary tumor samples from patients with TNBC (n=89). Then, we examined the effects of dinutuximab on TNBC cell adhesion, migration, and mammosphere formation in vitro and on tumor growth in vivo using TNBC cell-line and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models. RESULTS We found that GD2 was expressed in around 60% of primary TNBC tumors at variable levels and was associated with worse overall survival of patients with TNBC (p=0.002). GD2 was found to be expressed in tumors and stroma, but normal ducts and lobules in adjacent tissues have shown low or no GD2 staining, indicating that GD2 is potentially a novel biomarker for tumor and its microenvironment. Treatment with dinutuximab significantly decreased adhesion and migration of MDA-MB-231 and SUM159 TNBC cells. Moreover, dinutuximab treatment inhibited mTOR signaling, which has been shown to be regulated by GD2 in BCSCs. Dinutuximab also reduced tumor growth in nude mice bearing TNBC cell-line xenografts. Finally, dinutuximab in combination with activated natural killer cells inhibited tumor growth in a TNBC PDX model and improved overall survival of tumor-bearing mice. CONCLUSIONS Dinutuximab successfully eliminated GD2+ cells and reduced tumor growth in both in vivo models. Our data provide proof-of-concept for the criticality of GD2 in BCSCs and demonstrate the potential of dinutuximab as a novel therapeutic approach for TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley Ly
- Leukemia, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Vivek Anand
- Leukemia, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Fouad El-Dana
- Leukemia, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Khoa Nguyen
- Leukemia, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yiming Cai
- Leukemia, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Shirong Cai
- Experimental Radiation Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Helen Piwnica-Worms
- Experimental Radiation Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Debasish Tripathy
- Breast Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Aysegul A Sahin
- Pathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Michael Andreeff
- Leukemia, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Venkata Lokesh Battula
- Leukemia, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, Texas, USA
- Breast Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, Texas, USA
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Laine RA, Gahmberg CC, Sekiguchi K, Kannagi R, Nudelman ED, Clausen H. Professor Sen-itiroh Hakomori (1929-2020) A tribute to a remarkable glycobiologist, mentor, and friend! Glycobiology 2021; 31:708-712. [PMID: 33527981 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwab006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Roger A Laine
- Depts of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70808
| | - Carl C Gahmberg
- Programme in Molecular and Systemic Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 9, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kiyotoshi Sekiguchi
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Reiji Kannagi
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | | | - Henrik Clausen
- Copenhagen Centre for Glycomics, University of Copenhagen, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Nørre Alle 14, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
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Deciphering the Importance of Glycosphingolipids on Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms Associated with Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Cancer. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11010062. [PMID: 33418847 PMCID: PMC7824851 DOI: 10.3390/biom11010062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Every living cell is covered with a dense and complex layer of glycans on the cell surface, which have important functions in the interaction between cells and their environment. Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are glycans linked to lipid molecules that together with sphingolipids, sterols, and proteins form plasma membrane lipid rafts that contribute to membrane integrity and provide specific recognition sites. GSLs are subdivided into three major series (globo-, ganglio-, and neolacto-series) and are synthesized in a non-template driven process by enzymes localized in the ER and Golgi apparatus. Altered glycosylation of lipids are known to be involved in tumor development and metastasis. Metastasis is frequently linked with reversible epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a process involved in tumor progression, and the formation of new distant metastatic sites (mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition or MET). On a single cell basis, cancer cells lose their epithelial features to gain mesenchymal characteristics via mechanisms influenced by the composition of the GSLs on the cell surface. Here, we summarize the literature on GSLs in the context of reversible and cancer-associated EMT and discuss how the modification of GSLs at the cell surface may promote this process.
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48
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Jiang T, Wu H, Lin M, Yin J, Tan L, Ruan Y, Feng M. B4GALNT1 promotes progression and metastasis in lung adenocarcinoma through JNK/c-Jun/Slug pathway. Carcinogenesis 2020; 42:621-630. [PMID: 33367717 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgaa141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is one of the most common types of cancer and has a low survival rate. β-1,4-N-Acetyl galactosaminyltransferase 1 (B4GALNT1), which is involved in the synthesis of complex gangliosides, is highly expressed in the progression of various cancers. This study aimed to elucidate the biological functions of B4GALNT1 in LUAD progression and metastasis. We observed that B4GALNT1 overexpression showed enhanced cell migration and invasion in vitro, and promoted tumor metastasis, with reduced survival in mice. Mechanistically, B4GALNT1 regulated metastatic potential of LUAD through activating the JNK/c-Jun/Slug pathway, and with the form of its enzymatic activity. Clinical samples confirmed that B4GALNT1 expression was upregulated in LUAD, and B4GALNT1 was correlated with c-Jun/Slug expression, lymph node involvement, advanced clinical stage, and reduced overall survival. Collectively, our results suggest that B4GALNT1 promotes progression and metastasis of LUAD through activating JNK/c-Jun/Slug signaling, and with the form of its enzymatic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No.180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Miao Lin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No.180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Yin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No.180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Lijie Tan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No.180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ruan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingxiang Feng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No.180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, China
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Matveeva OV, Shabalina SA. Prospects for Using Expression Patterns of Paramyxovirus Receptors as Biomarkers for Oncolytic Virotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12123659. [PMID: 33291506 PMCID: PMC7762160 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Some non-pathogenic viruses that do not cause serious illness in humans can efficiently target and kill cancer cells and may be considered candidates for cancer treatment with virotherapy. However, many cancer cells are protected from viruses. An important goal of personalized cancer treatment is to identify viruses that can kill a certain type of cancer cells. To this end, researchers investigate expression patterns of cell entry receptors, which viruses use to bind to and enter host cells. We summarized and analyzed the receptor expression patterns of two paramyxoviruses: The non-pathogenic measles and the Sendai viruses. The receptors for these viruses are different and can be proteins or lipids with attached carbohydrates. This review discusses the prospects for using these paramyxovirus receptors as biomarkers for successful personalized virotherapy for certain types of cancer. Abstract The effectiveness of oncolytic virotherapy in cancer treatment depends on several factors, including successful virus delivery to the tumor, ability of the virus to enter the target malignant cell, virus replication, and the release of progeny virions from infected cells. The multi-stage process is influenced by the efficiency with which the virus enters host cells via specific receptors. This review describes natural and artificial receptors for two oncolytic paramyxoviruses, nonpathogenic measles, and Sendai viruses. Cell entry receptors are proteins for measles virus (MV) and sialylated glycans (sialylated glycoproteins or glycolipids/gangliosides) for Sendai virus (SeV). Accumulated published data reviewed here show different levels of expression of cell surface receptors for both viruses in different malignancies. Patients whose tumor cells have low or no expression of receptors for a specific oncolytic virus cannot be successfully treated with the virus. Recent published studies have revealed that an expression signature for immune genes is another important factor that determines the vulnerability of tumor cells to viral infection. In the future, a combination of expression signatures of immune and receptor genes could be used to find a set of oncolytic viruses that are more effective for specific malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga V. Matveeva
- Sendai Viralytics LLC, 23 Nylander Way, Acton, MA 01720, USA
- Correspondence: (O.V.M.); (S.A.S.)
| | - Svetlana A. Shabalina
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA
- Correspondence: (O.V.M.); (S.A.S.)
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50
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Bartish M, Del Rincón SV, Rudd CE, Saragovi HU. Aiming for the Sweet Spot: Glyco-Immune Checkpoints and γδ T Cells in Targeted Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2020; 11:564499. [PMID: 33133075 PMCID: PMC7550643 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.564499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Though a healthy immune system is capable of recognizing and eliminating emergent cancerous cells, an established tumor is adept at escaping immune surveillance. Altered and tumor-specific expression of immunosuppressive cell surface carbohydrates, also termed the “tumor glycocode,” is a prominent mechanism by which tumors can escape anti-tumor immunity. Given their persistent and homogeneous expression, tumor-associated glycans are promising targets to be exploited as biomarkers and therapeutic targets. However, the exploitation of these glycans has been a challenge due to their low immunogenicity, immunosuppressive properties, and the inefficient presentation of glycolipids in a conventional major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-restricted manner. Despite this, a subset of T-cells expressing the gamma and delta chains of the T-cell receptor (γδ T cells) exist with a capacity for MHC-unrestricted antigen recognition and potent inherent anti-tumor properties. In this review, we discuss the role of tumor-associated glycans in anti-tumor immunity, with an emphasis on the potential of γδ T cells to target the tumor glycocode. Understanding the many facets of this interaction holds the potential to unlock new ways to use both tumor-associated glycans and γδ T cells in novel therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Bartish
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Translational Center for Research in Cancer, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sonia V Del Rincón
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Translational Center for Research in Cancer, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Oncology and Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Christopher E Rudd
- Division of Immuno-Oncology, Research Center Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - H Uri Saragovi
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Translational Center for Research in Cancer, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Oncology and Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Pharmacology and Therapeutics, and Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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