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Miura M, Igarashi M, Isotani R, Nakagawa-Nagahama Y, Kuranami S, Naruse K, Kadowaki T, Yamauchi T. SIRT1 Controls Enteroendocrine Progenitor Cell Proliferation in High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 16:1040-1057. [PMID: 37598893 PMCID: PMC10685171 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2023.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS We aimed to investigate how sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), a conserved mammalian Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide+-dependent protein deacetylase, regulates the number of enteroendocrine cells (EECs). EECs benefit metabolism, and their increase potentially could treat type 2 diabetes and obesity. METHODS We used mice with specific Sirt1 disruption in the intestinal epithelium (VilKO, villin-Cre+, and Sirt1flox/flox mice) or enteroendocrine progenitor cells (EEPCs) (NgnKO, neurogenin 3-Cre+, Sirt1flox/flox mice) and mice with increased SIRT1 activity owing to overexpression (Sir2d mice) or 24-hour fasting. Mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD), and blood glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and glucose levels were measured. Intestinal tissues, EECs, and formed organoids were analyzed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction, immunoblotting, and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS In HFD-fed VilKO and NgnKO mice, an increase in EECs (42.3% and 37.2%), GLP-1- or GLP-2-producing L cells (93.0% and 61.4%), and GLP-1 (85.7% and 109.6%) was observed after glucose loading, explaining the improved metabolic phenotype of HFD-VilKO mice. These increases were associated with up-regulated expression of neurogenin 3 (EEPC marker) in crypts of HFD-VilKO and HFD-NgnKO mice, respectively. Conversely, Sir2d or 24-hour fasted mice showed a decrease in EECs (21.6%), L cells (41.6%), and proliferative progenitor cells. SIRT1 overexpression- or knockdown-mediated change in the progenitor cell proliferation was associated with Wnt/β-catenin activity changes. Notably, Wnt/β-catenin inhibitor completely suppressed EEC and L-cell increases in HFD-VilKO mice or organoids from HFD-VilKO and HFD-NgnKO mice. CONCLUSIONS Intestinal SIRT1 in EECs modulates the EEPC cycle by regulating β-catenin activity and can control the number of EECs in HFD-fed mice, which is a previously unknown role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaomi Miura
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaki Igarashi
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Biology, Koch Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
| | - Ryosuke Isotani
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Nakagawa-Nagahama
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kuranami
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kyoko Naruse
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Toshimasa Yamauchi
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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2
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Bourouh C, Courty E, Rolland L, Pasquetti G, Gromada X, Rabhi N, Carney C, Moreno M, Boutry R, Caron E, Benfodda Z, Meffre P, Kerr-Conte J, Pattou F, Froguel P, Bonnefond A, Oger F, Annicotte JS. The transcription factor E2F1 controls the GLP-1 receptor pathway in pancreatic β cells. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111170. [PMID: 35947949 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The glucagon-like peptide 1 (Glp-1) has emerged as a hormone with broad pharmacological potential in type 2 diabetes (T2D) treatment, notably by improving β cell functions. The cell-cycle regulator and transcription factor E2f1 is involved in glucose homeostasis by modulating β cell mass and function. Here, we report that β cell-specific genetic ablation of E2f1 (E2f1β-/-) impairs glucose homeostasis associated with decreased expression of the Glp-1 receptor (Glp1r) in E2f1β-/- pancreatic islets. Pharmacological inhibition of E2F1 transcriptional activity in nondiabetic human islets decreases GLP1R levels and blunts the incretin effect of GLP1R agonist exendin-4 (ex-4) on insulin secretion. Overexpressing E2f1 in pancreatic β cells increases Glp1r expression associated with enhanced insulin secretion mediated by ex-4. Interestingly, ex-4 induces retinoblastoma protein (pRb) phosphorylation and E2f1 transcriptional activity. Our findings reveal critical roles for E2f1 in β cell function and suggest molecular crosstalk between the E2F1/pRb and GLP1R signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Bourouh
- Université de Lille, INSERM, CNRS, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1283 - UMR 8199 - EGID, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Emilie Courty
- Université de Lille, INSERM, CNRS, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1283 - UMR 8199 - EGID, 59000 Lille, France; Université de Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE - Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies Liées au Vieillissement, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Laure Rolland
- Université de Lille, INSERM, CNRS, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1283 - UMR 8199 - EGID, 59000 Lille, France; Université de Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE - Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies Liées au Vieillissement, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Gianni Pasquetti
- Université de Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1190 - EGID, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Xavier Gromada
- Université de Lille, INSERM, CNRS, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1283 - UMR 8199 - EGID, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Nabil Rabhi
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Charlène Carney
- Université de Lille, INSERM, CNRS, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1283 - UMR 8199 - EGID, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Maeva Moreno
- Université de Lille, INSERM, CNRS, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1283 - UMR 8199 - EGID, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Raphaël Boutry
- Université de Lille, INSERM, CNRS, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1283 - UMR 8199 - EGID, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Emilie Caron
- Université de Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, U1172-LilNCog - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition - EGID - DISTALZ, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Zohra Benfodda
- Université de Nîmes, UPR CHROME, 30021 Nîmes Cedex 1, France
| | - Patrick Meffre
- Université de Nîmes, UPR CHROME, 30021 Nîmes Cedex 1, France
| | - Julie Kerr-Conte
- Université de Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1190 - EGID, 59000 Lille, France
| | - François Pattou
- Université de Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1190 - EGID, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Philippe Froguel
- Université de Lille, INSERM, CNRS, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1283 - UMR 8199 - EGID, 59000 Lille, France; Department of Metabolism, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Amélie Bonnefond
- Université de Lille, INSERM, CNRS, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1283 - UMR 8199 - EGID, 59000 Lille, France; Department of Metabolism, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Frédérik Oger
- Université de Lille, INSERM, CNRS, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1283 - UMR 8199 - EGID, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Jean-Sébastien Annicotte
- Université de Lille, INSERM, CNRS, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1283 - UMR 8199 - EGID, 59000 Lille, France; Université de Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE - Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies Liées au Vieillissement, 59000 Lille, France.
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3
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Lee JH, Lee J. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Stress and Its Role in Pancreatic β-Cell Dysfunction and Senescence in Type 2 Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094843. [PMID: 35563231 PMCID: PMC9104816 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
An increased life span and accompanying nutritional affluency have led to a rapid increase in diseases associated with aging, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes, imposing a tremendous economic and health burden on society. Pancreatic β-cells are crucial for controlling glucose homeostasis by properly producing and secreting the glucose-lowering hormone insulin, and the dysfunction of β-cells determines the outcomes for both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. As the native structure of insulin is formed within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), ER homeostasis should be appropriately maintained to allow for the proper metabolic homeostasis and functioning of β-cells. Recent studies have found that cellular senescence is critically linked with cellular stresses, including ER stress, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial stress. These studies implied that β-cell senescence is caused by ER stress and other cellular stresses and contributes to β-cells’ dysfunction and the impairment of glucose homeostasis. This review documents and discusses the current understanding of cellular senescence, β-cell function, ER stress, its associated signaling mechanism (unfolded protein response), and the effect of ER stress on β-cell senescence and dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hye Lee
- Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Korea;
- New Biology Research Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Korea
| | - Jaemin Lee
- Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Korea;
- New Biology Research Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Korea
- Well Aging Research Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Korea
- Correspondence:
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4
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Jiang Z, Li H, Schroer SA, Voisin V, Ju Y, Pacal M, Erdmann N, Shi W, Chung PED, Deng T, Chen NJ, Ciavarra G, Datti A, Mak TW, Harrington L, Dick FA, Bader GD, Bremner R, Woo M, Zacksenhaus E. Hypophosphorylated pRb knock-in mice exhibit hallmarks of aging and vitamin C-preventable diabetes. EMBO J 2022; 41:e106825. [PMID: 35023164 PMCID: PMC8844977 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020106825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite extensive analysis of pRB phosphorylation in vitro, how this modification influences development and homeostasis in vivo is unclear. Here, we show that homozygous Rb∆K4 and Rb∆K7 knock‐in mice, in which either four or all seven phosphorylation sites in the C‐terminal region of pRb, respectively, have been abolished by Ser/Thr‐to‐Ala substitutions, undergo normal embryogenesis and early development, notwithstanding suppressed phosphorylation of additional upstream sites. Whereas Rb∆K4 mice exhibit telomere attrition but no other abnormalities, Rb∆K7 mice are smaller and display additional hallmarks of premature aging including infertility, kyphosis, and diabetes, indicating an accumulative effect of blocking pRb phosphorylation. Diabetes in Rb∆K7 mice is insulin‐sensitive and associated with failure of quiescent pancreatic β‐cells to re‐enter the cell cycle in response to mitogens, resulting in induction of DNA damage response (DDR), senescence‐associated secretory phenotype (SASP), and reduced pancreatic islet mass and circulating insulin level. Pre‐treatment with the epigenetic regulator vitamin C reduces DDR, increases cell cycle re‐entry, improves islet morphology, and attenuates diabetes. These results have direct implications for cell cycle regulation, CDK‐inhibitor therapeutics, diabetes, and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Jiang
- Max Bell Research Centre, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Huiqin Li
- Max Bell Research Centre, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Stephanie A Schroer
- Max Bell Research Centre, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Veronique Voisin
- The Donnelly Centre, Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - YoungJun Ju
- Max Bell Research Centre, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Marek Pacal
- Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute - Sinai Health System, Mount Sinai Hospital, Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Natalie Erdmann
- Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Wei Shi
- Max Bell Research Centre, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Philip E D Chung
- Max Bell Research Centre, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tao Deng
- Max Bell Research Centre, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nien-Jung Chen
- Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Giovanni Ciavarra
- Max Bell Research Centre, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alessandro Datti
- Department of Agriculture, Food, and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.,Network Biology Collaborative Centre, SMART Laboratory for High-Throughput Screening Programs, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tak W Mak
- Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lea Harrington
- Department of Medicine, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Frederick A Dick
- Department of Biochemistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Gary D Bader
- The Donnelly Centre, Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rod Bremner
- Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute - Sinai Health System, Mount Sinai Hospital, Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Minna Woo
- Max Bell Research Centre, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Eldad Zacksenhaus
- Max Bell Research Centre, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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5
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Yamauchi Y, Kodama Y, Shiokawa M, Kakiuchi N, Marui S, Kuwada T, Sogabe Y, Tomono T, Mima A, Morita T, Matsumori T, Ueda T, Tsuda M, Nishikawa Y, Kuriyama K, Sakuma Y, Ota Y, Maruno T, Uza N, Masuda A, Tatsuoka H, Yabe D, Minamiguchi S, Masui T, Inagaki N, Uemoto S, Chiba T, Seno H. Rb and p53 Execute Distinct Roles in the Development of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors. Cancer Res 2020; 80:3620-3630. [PMID: 32591410 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-2232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNET) were classified into grades (G) 1 to 3 by the World Health Organization in 2017, but the precise mechanisms of PanNET initiation and progression have remained unclear. In this study, we used a genetically engineered mouse model to investigate the mechanisms of PanNET formation. Although pancreas-specific deletion of the Rb gene (Pdx1-Cre;Rbf/f ) in mice did not affect pancreatic exocrine cells, the α-cell/β-cell ratio of islet cells was decreased at 8 months of age. During long-term observation (18-20 months), mice formed well-differentiated PanNET with a Ki67-labeling index of 2.7%. In contrast, pancreas-specific induction of a p53 mutation (Pdx1-Cre;Trp53R172H ) had no effect on pancreatic exocrine and endocrine tissues, but simultaneous induction of a p53 mutation with Rb gene deletion (Pdx1-Cre;Trp53R172H;Rb f/f ) resulted in the formation of aggressive PanNET with a Ki67-labeling index of 24.7% over the short-term (4 months). In Pdx1-Cre;Trp53R172H;Rbf/f mice, mRNA expression of Pten and Tsc2, negative regulators of the mTOR pathway, significantly decreased in the islet cells, and activation of the mTOR pathway was confirmed in subsequently formed PanNET. Thus, by manipulating Rb and p53 genes, we established a multistep progression model from dysplastic islet to indolent PanNET and aggressive metastatic PanNET in mice. These observations suggest that Rb and p53 have distinct roles in the development of PanNET. SIGNIFICANCE: Pancreas-specific manipulation of Rb and p53 genes induced malignant transformation of islet cells, reproducing stepwise progression from microadenomas to indolent (grade 1) and subsequent aggressive PanNETs (grade 2-3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Yamauchi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuzo Kodama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan. .,Department of Gastroenterology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Shiokawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Kakiuchi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Saiko Marui
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kuwada
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuko Sogabe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Teruko Tomono
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Atsushi Mima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Morita
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Matsumori
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tatsuki Ueda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Motoyuki Tsuda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Nishikawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Katsutoshi Kuriyama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yojiro Sakuma
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuji Ota
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takahisa Maruno
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Norimitsu Uza
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Masuda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Hisato Tatsuoka
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yabe
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Sachiko Minamiguchi
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Masui
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery and Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Kyoto University, Shogoin-Kawahara, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nobuya Inagaki
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shinji Uemoto
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery and Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Kyoto University, Shogoin-Kawahara, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Chiba
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan.,Kansai Electric Power Hospital, Fukushima-ku, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Seno
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
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6
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Maugein A, Diedisheim M, Bailly K, Scharfmann R, Albagli O. The RB gene family controls the maturation state of the EndoC-βH2 human pancreatic β-cells. Differentiation 2020; 113:1-9. [PMID: 32120156 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2020.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The functional maturation of human pancreatic β-cells remains poorly understood. EndoC-βH2 is a human β-cell line with a reversible immortalized phenotype. Removal of the two oncogenes, SV40LT and hTERT introduced for its propagation, stops proliferation, triggers cell size increase and senescence, promotes mitochondrial activity and amplifies several β-cell traits and functions. Overall, these events recapitulate several aspects of functional β-cell maturation. We report here that selective depletion of SV40LT, but not of hTERT, is sufficient to revert EndoC-βH2 immortalization. SV40LT inhibits the activity of the RB family members and of P53. In EndoC-βH2 cells, the knock-down of RB itself, and, to a lesser extent, of its relative P130, precludes most events triggered by SV40LT depletion. In contrast, the knock-down of P53 does not prevent reversion of immortalization. Thus, an increase in RB and P130 activity, but not in P53 activity, is required for functional maturation of EndoC-βH2 cells upon SV40LT-depletion. In addition, RB and/or P130 depletion in SV40LT-expressing EndoC-βH2 cells decreases cell size, stimulates proliferation, and decreases the expression of key β-cell genes. Thus, despite SV40LT expression, EndoC-βH2 cells have a residual RB activity, which when suppressed reverts them to a more immature phenotype. These results show that the expression and activity levels of RB family members, especially RB itself, regulate the maturation state of EndoC-βH2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Maugein
- Paris University, Institut Cochin, INSERM, U1016, CNRS, UMR8104, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Marc Diedisheim
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Diabetology Department, Paris University, Cochin Hospital, and INSERM, UMRS 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris University, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Karine Bailly
- Paris University, Institut Cochin, INSERM, U1016, CNRS, UMR8104, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Raphaël Scharfmann
- Paris University, Institut Cochin, INSERM, U1016, CNRS, UMR8104, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Albagli
- Paris University, Institut Cochin, INSERM, U1016, CNRS, UMR8104, 75014, Paris, France.
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7
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Zhao X, Xu Y, Wu Y, Zhang H, Shi H, Zhu H, Woo M, Wu X. Involvement of the STAT5-cyclin D/CDK4-pRb pathway in β-cell proliferation stimulated by prolactin during pregnancy. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2019; 316:E135-E144. [PMID: 30512986 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00242.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
During pregnancy, maternal pancreatic β-cells undergo a compensatory expansion in response to the state of insulin resistance, where prolactin (PRL) plays a major role. Retinoblastoma protein (Rb) has been shown to critically regulate islet proliferation and function. The aim of the study was to explore the role of Rb in β-cell mass expansion during pregnancy. Expression of pocket protein family and E2Fs were examined in mouse islets during pregnancy and in insulinoma cells (INS-1) stimulated by PRL. PRL-stimulated INS-1 cells were used to explore the signaling pathway that regulates Rb downstream of the PRL receptor. Pancreas-specific Rb-knockout (Rb-KO) mice were assessed to evaluate the in vivo function of Rb in β-cell proliferation during pregnancy. During pregnancy, expression of Rb, phospho-Rb (p-Rb), p107, and E2F1 increased, while p130 decreased in maternal islets. With PRL stimulation, induction of Rb expression occurred mainly in the nucleus, while p-Rb was predominantly in the cytoplasm. Inhibition of STAT5 significantly restrained the expression of CDK4, Rb, p-Rb, and E2F1 in PRL-stimulated INS-1 cells with attenuation in cell cycle progression. Reduction of Rb phosphorylation by CDK4 inhibition blocked PRL-mediated proliferation of INS-1 cells. On the other hand, knockdown of Rb using siRNA led to an induction in E2F1 leading to cell cycle progression from G1 to S and G2/M phase, similar to the effects of PRL-mediated induction of p-Rb that led to cell proliferation. With Rb knockdown, PRL did not lead to further increase in cell cycle progression. Similarly, while Rb-KO pregnant mice displayed better glucose tolerance and higher insulin secretion, they had similar β-cell mass and proliferation to wild-type pregnant controls, supporting the essential role of Rb suppression in augmenting β-cell proliferation during pregnancy. Rb-E2F1 regulation plays a pivotal role in PRL-stimulated β-cell proliferation. PRL promotes Rb phosphorylation and E2F1 upregulation via STAT5-cyclin D/CDK4 pathway during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China
- Department of Health Management Center, First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Yili Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China
- Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Ya Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Lab of Public Platform, First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Houxia Shi
- Lab of Public Platform, First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Hui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Minna Woo
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute and Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University Health Network, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario , Canada
| | - Xiaohong Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China
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8
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FAK signalling controls insulin sensitivity through regulation of adipocyte survival. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14360. [PMID: 28165007 PMCID: PMC5303880 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) plays a central role in integrin signalling, which regulates growth and survival of tumours. Here we show that FAK protein levels are increased in adipose tissue of insulin-resistant obese mice and humans. Disruption of adipocyte FAK in mice or in 3T3 L1 cells decreases adipocyte survival. Adipocyte-specific FAK knockout mice display impaired adipose tissue expansion and insulin resistance on prolonged metabolic stress from a high-fat diet or when crossed on an obese db/db or ob/ob genetic background. Treatment of these mice with a PPARγ agonist does not restore adiposity or improve insulin sensitivity. In contrast, inhibition of apoptosis, either genetically or pharmacologically, attenuates adipocyte death, restores normal adiposity and improves insulin sensitivity. Together, these results demonstrate that FAK is required for adipocyte survival and maintenance of insulin sensitivity, particularly in the context of adipose tissue expansion as a result of caloric excess. The kinase FAK is important for integrin signalling and promotes cell survival. Here, the authors demonstrate FAK regulates adipocyte survival, and is particularly important for maintaining insulin sensitivity during adipose tissue expansion in the context of a calorie-rich diet.
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9
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Yu R. Animal models of spontaneous pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 421:60-7. [PMID: 26261055 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) are usually low-grade neoplasms derived from the endocrine pancreas. PNETs can be functioning and cause well-described hormonal hypersecretion syndromes or non-functioning and cause only tumor mass effect. PNETs appear to be more common recently likely due to incidental detection by imaging. Although the diagnosis and management of PNETs have been evolving rapidly, much remains to be studied in the areas of molecular pathogenesis, molecular markers of tumor behavior, early detection, and targeted drug therapy. Unique challenges facing PNETs studies are long disease course, the deep location of pancreas and difficult access to pancreatic tissue, and the variety of tumors, which make animal models valuable tools for PNETs studies. Existing animal models of PNETs have provided insights into the pathogenesis and natural history of human PNETs. Future studies on animal models of PNETs should address early tumor detection, molecular markers of tumor behavior, and novel targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run Yu
- Division of Endocrinology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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10
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Julian LM, Blais A. Transcriptional control of stem cell fate by E2Fs and pocket proteins. Front Genet 2015; 6:161. [PMID: 25972892 PMCID: PMC4412126 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2015.00161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
E2F transcription factors and their regulatory partners, the pocket proteins (PPs), have emerged as essential regulators of stem cell fate control in a number of lineages. In mammals, this role extends from both pluripotent stem cells to those encompassing all embryonic germ layers, as well as extra-embryonic lineages. E2F/PP-mediated regulation of stem cell decisions is highly evolutionarily conserved, and is likely a pivotal biological mechanism underlying stem cell homeostasis. This has immense implications for organismal development, tissue maintenance, and regeneration. In this article, we discuss the roles of E2F factors and PPs in stem cell populations, focusing on mammalian systems. We discuss emerging findings that position the E2F and PP families as widespread and dynamic epigenetic regulators of cell fate decisions. Additionally, we focus on the ever expanding landscape of E2F/PP target genes, and explore the possibility that E2Fs are not simply regulators of general ‘multi-purpose’ cell fate genes but can execute tissue- and cell type-specific gene regulatory programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Julian
- Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - Alexandre Blais
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Ottawa, ON Canada ; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON Canada
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11
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Petrov PD, Ribot J, Palou A, Bonet ML. Improved metabolic regulation is associated with retinoblastoma protein gene haploinsufficiency in mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2015; 308:E172-83. [PMID: 25406261 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00308.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Retinoblastoma protein (pRb) is involved in the control of energy metabolism, and its inactivation protects mice against high-fat diet-induced diabesity. Here, we tested the hypothesis that partial deficiency in the Rb gene could confer metabolic advantages in front of acute challenges to metabolism and as mice age on a regular diet. Rb haploinsufficient (Rb(+/-)) mice and wild-type (WT) littermates were studied from weaning and characterized at 1.5-2.5 mo of age (young adults) and 6-7.5 mo of age (mature adults). Whereas no differences in body weight or composition were observed at young age, mature adult Rb(+/-) mice were leaner than WT littermates, displaying 36% reduced body fat content. At both ages studied, Rb(+/-) mice displayed improved blood lipids, enhanced sensitivity to the blood glucose-lowering effect of insulin and to the anorectic effect of leptin, and a reduced respiratory exchange ratio, indicative of an increased use of fatty acids as a fuel. Insulin sensitivity and oral fat tolerance were better maintained with age in the Rb(+/-) than the WT mice. Mature adult Rb(+/-) mice displayed gene expression changes consistent with increased fatty acid oxidation in white adipose tissue and skeletal muscle and paramount signs of browning in the inguinal white adipose tissue. In conclusion, Rb haploinsufficiency provides metabolic advantages in front of acute metabolic stressors and ameliorates body fat gain and metabolic impairments that normally accompany transition from young to mature adult age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petar D Petrov
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition, and Biotechnology-Nutrigenomics, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain; and CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Spain
| | - Joan Ribot
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition, and Biotechnology-Nutrigenomics, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain; and CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Spain
| | - Andreu Palou
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition, and Biotechnology-Nutrigenomics, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain; and CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Spain
| | - M Luisa Bonet
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition, and Biotechnology-Nutrigenomics, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain; and CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Spain
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12
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Cai EP, Luk CT, Wu X, Schroer SA, Shi SY, Sivasubramaniyam T, Brunt JJ, Zacksenhaus E, Woo M. Rb and p107 are required for alpha cell survival, beta cell cycle control and glucagon-like peptide-1 action. Diabetologia 2014; 57:2555-65. [PMID: 25249236 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-014-3381-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Diabetes mellitus is characterised by beta cell loss and alpha cell expansion. Analogues of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) are used therapeutically to antagonise these processes; thus, we hypothesised that the related cell cycle regulators retinoblastoma protein (Rb) and p107 were involved in GLP-1 action. METHODS We used small interfering RNA and adenoviruses to manipulate Rb and p107 expression in insulinoma and alpha-TC cell lines. In vivo we examined pancreas-specific Rb knockout, whole-body p107 knockout and Rb/p107 double-knockout mice. RESULTS Rb, but not p107, was downregulated in response to the GLP-1 analogue, exendin-4, in both alpha and beta cells. Intriguingly, this resulted in opposite outcomes of cell cycle arrest in alpha cells but proliferation in beta cells. Overexpression of Rb in alpha and beta cells abolished or attenuated the effects of exendin-4 supporting the important role of Rb in GLP-1 modulation of cell cycling. Similarly, in vivo, Rb, but not p107, deficiency was required for the beta cell proliferative response to exendin-4. Consistent with this finding, Rb, but not p107, was suppressed in islets from humans with diabetes, suggesting the importance of Rb regulation for the compensatory proliferation that occurs under insulin resistant conditions. Finally, while p107 alone did not have an essential role in islet homeostasis, when combined with Rb deletion, its absence potentiated apoptosis of both alpha and beta cells resulting in glucose intolerance and diminished islet mass with ageing. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION We found a central role of Rb in the dual effects of GLP-1 in alpha and beta cells. Our findings highlight unique contributions of individual Rb family members to islet cell proliferation and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica P Cai
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, 101 College Street, MaRS Centre/TMDT, Room 10-363, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
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13
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Wang L, Luk CT, Schroer SA, Smith AM, Li X, Cai EP, Gaisano H, MacDonald PE, Hao Z, Mak TW, Woo M. Dichotomous role of pancreatic HUWE1/MULE/ARF-BP1 in modulating beta cell apoptosis in mice under physiological and genotoxic conditions. Diabetologia 2014; 57:1889-98. [PMID: 24981769 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-014-3295-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Diabetes mellitus represents a significant burden on the health of the global population. Both type 1 and type 2 diabetes share a common feature of a reduction in functional beta cell mass. A newly discovered ubiquitination molecule HECT, UBA and WWE domain containing 1, E3 ubiquitin protein ligase (HUWE1 [also known as MULE or ARF-BP1]) is a critical regulator of p53-dependent apoptosis. However, its role in islet homeostasis is not entirely clear. METHODS We generated mice with pancreas-specific deletion of Huwe1 using a Cre-loxP recombination system driven by the Pdx1 promoter (Pdx1cre (+) Huwe1 (fl/fl)) to assess the in vivo role of HUWE1 in the pancreas. RESULTS Targeted deletion of Huwe1 in the pancreas preferentially activated p53-mediated beta cell apoptosis, leading to reduced beta cell mass and diminished insulin exocytosis. These defects were aggravated by ageing, with progressive further decline in insulin secretion and glucose homeostasis in older mice. Intriguingly, Huwe1 deletion provided protection against genotoxicity, such that Pdx1cre (+) Huwe1 (fl/fl) mice were resistant to multiple-low-dose-streptozotocin-induced beta cell apoptosis and diabetes. CONCLUSION/INTERPRETATION HUWE1 expression in the pancreas is essential in determining beta cell mass. Furthermore, HUWE1 demonstrated divergent roles in regulating beta cell apoptosis depending on physiological or genotoxic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linyuan Wang
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, MaRS Ctre, TMDT, 101 College St, 10th floor, Rm 10-363, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5G 1L7
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14
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Cai EP, Wu X, Zacksenhaus E, Woo M. Timing is everything: Rb's choice in islet-cell fate. Cell Cycle 2014; 13:873-4. [PMID: 24552825 PMCID: PMC3984305 DOI: 10.4161/cc.28198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Erica P Cai
- Toronto General Research Institute; University Health Network; Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Science; University of Toronto; Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xiaohong Wu
- Department of Endocrinology; the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Eldad Zacksenhaus
- Toronto General Research Institute; University Health Network; Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics; University of Toronto; Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Minna Woo
- Toronto General Research Institute; University Health Network; Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Science; University of Toronto; Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics; University of Toronto; Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Endocrinology; Department of Medicine; Toronto General Hospital; University Health Network; University of Toronto; Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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