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Villalba A, Gitton Y, Inoue M, Aiello V, Blain R, Toupin M, Mazaud-Guittot S, Rachdi L, Semb H, Chédotal A, Scharfmann R. A 3D atlas of the human developing pancreas to explore progenitor proliferation and differentiation. Diabetologia 2024; 67:1066-1078. [PMID: 38630142 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-024-06143-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/30/2024]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Rodent pancreas development has been described in great detail. On the other hand, there are still gaps in our understanding of the developmental trajectories of pancreatic cells during human ontogenesis. Here, our aim was to map the spatial and chronological dynamics of human pancreatic cell differentiation and proliferation by using 3D imaging of cleared human embryonic and fetal pancreases. METHODS We combined tissue clearing with light-sheet fluorescence imaging in human embryonic and fetal pancreases during the first trimester of pregnancy. In addition, we validated an explant culture system enabling in vitro proliferation of pancreatic progenitors to determine the mitogenic effect of candidate molecules. RESULTS We detected the first insulin-positive cells as early as five post-conceptional weeks, two weeks earlier than previously observed. We observed few insulin-positive clusters at five post-conceptional weeks (mean ± SD 9.25±5.65) with a sharp increase to 11 post-conceptional weeks (4307±152.34). We identified a central niche as the location of onset of the earliest insulin cell production and detected extra-pancreatic loci within the adjacent developing gut. Conversely, proliferating pancreatic progenitors were located in the periphery of the epithelium, suggesting the existence of two separated pancreatic niches for differentiation and proliferation. Additionally, we observed that the proliferation ratio of progenitors ranged between 20% and 30%, while for insulin-positive cells it was 1%. We next unveiled a mitogenic effect of the platelet-derived growth factor AA isoform (PDGFAA) in progenitors acting through the pancreatic mesenchyme by increasing threefold the number of proliferating progenitors. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION This work presents a first 3D atlas of the human developing pancreas, charting both endocrine and proliferating cells across early development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Villalba
- Institut Cochin, CNRS, Inserm, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Yorick Gitton
- Inserm, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Megumi Inoue
- Inserm, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Virginie Aiello
- Institut Cochin, CNRS, Inserm, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Raphaël Blain
- Inserm, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Maryne Toupin
- Inserm, EHESP, IRSET (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail), UMR_S 1085, Université Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Séverine Mazaud-Guittot
- Inserm, EHESP, IRSET (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail), UMR_S 1085, Université Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Latif Rachdi
- Institut Cochin, CNRS, Inserm, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Henrik Semb
- Institute of Translational Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, München, Germany
| | - Alain Chédotal
- Inserm, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.
- Institut de pathologie, groupe hospitalier Est, hospices civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.
- MeLiS, CNRS UMR5284, Inserm U1314, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France.
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Cuozzo F, Viloria K, Shilleh AH, Nasteska D, Frazer-Morris C, Tong J, Jiao Z, Boufersaoui A, Marzullo B, Rosoff DB, Smith HR, Bonner C, Kerr-Conte J, Pattou F, Nano R, Piemonti L, Johnson PRV, Spiers R, Roberts J, Lavery GG, Clark A, Ceresa CDL, Ray DW, Hodson L, Davies AP, Rutter GA, Oshima M, Scharfmann R, Merrins MJ, Akerman I, Tennant DA, Ludwig C, Hodson DJ. LDHB contributes to the regulation of lactate levels and basal insulin secretion in human pancreatic β cells. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114047. [PMID: 38607916 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Using 13C6 glucose labeling coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and 2D 1H-13C heteronuclear single quantum coherence NMR spectroscopy, we have obtained a comparative high-resolution map of glucose fate underpinning β cell function. In both mouse and human islets, the contribution of glucose to the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle is similar. Pyruvate fueling of the TCA cycle is primarily mediated by the activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase, with lower flux through pyruvate carboxylase. While the conversion of pyruvate to lactate by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) can be detected in islets of both species, lactate accumulation is 6-fold higher in human islets. Human islets express LDH, with low-moderate LDHA expression and β cell-specific LDHB expression. LDHB inhibition amplifies LDHA-dependent lactate generation in mouse and human β cells and increases basal insulin release. Lastly, cis-instrument Mendelian randomization shows that low LDHB expression levels correlate with elevated fasting insulin in humans. Thus, LDHB limits lactate generation in β cells to maintain appropriate insulin release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Cuozzo
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR) and Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Katrina Viloria
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR) and Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (OCDEM), NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ali H Shilleh
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (OCDEM), NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Daniela Nasteska
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR) and Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (OCDEM), NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Charlotte Frazer-Morris
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (OCDEM), NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jason Tong
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (OCDEM), NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Zicong Jiao
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR) and Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Geneplus-Beijing, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Adam Boufersaoui
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR) and Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Bryan Marzullo
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR) and Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Daniel B Rosoff
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (OCDEM), NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Oxford Kavli Centre for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Hannah R Smith
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR) and Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Caroline Bonner
- University of Lille, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille (CHU Lille), Institute Pasteur Lille, U1190 -European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), F59000 Lille, France
| | - Julie Kerr-Conte
- University of Lille, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille (CHU Lille), Institute Pasteur Lille, U1190 -European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), F59000 Lille, France
| | - Francois Pattou
- University of Lille, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille (CHU Lille), Institute Pasteur Lille, U1190 -European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), F59000 Lille, France
| | - Rita Nano
- San Raffaele Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Piemonti
- San Raffaele Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Paul R V Johnson
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Rebecca Spiers
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Jennie Roberts
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR) and Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Gareth G Lavery
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR) and Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Centre for Systems Health and Integrated Metabolic Research (SHiMR), Department of Biosciences, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Anne Clark
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (OCDEM), NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Carlo D L Ceresa
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (OCDEM), NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - David W Ray
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (OCDEM), NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Oxford Kavli Centre for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Leanne Hodson
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (OCDEM), NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Amy P Davies
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Guy A Rutter
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK; CHUM Research Centre and Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Masaya Oshima
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Raphaël Scharfmann
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Matthew J Merrins
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Ildem Akerman
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR) and Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Daniel A Tennant
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR) and Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
| | - Christian Ludwig
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR) and Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
| | - David J Hodson
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR) and Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (OCDEM), NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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Blanchi B, Taurand M, Colace C, Thomaidou S, Audeoud C, Fantuzzi F, Sawatani T, Gheibi S, Sabadell-Basallote J, Boot FWJ, Chantier T, Piet A, Cavanihac C, Pilette M, Balguerie A, Olleik H, Carlotti F, Ejarque M, Fex M, Mulder H, Cnop M, Eizirik DL, Jouannot O, Gaffuri AL, Czernichow P, Zaldumbide A, Scharfmann R, Ravassard P. EndoC-βH5 cells are storable and ready-to-use human pancreatic beta cells with physiological insulin secretion. Mol Metab 2023; 76:101772. [PMID: 37442376 PMCID: PMC10407753 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Readily accessible human pancreatic beta cells that are functionally close to primary adult beta cells are a crucial model to better understand human beta cell physiology and develop new treatments for diabetes. We here report the characterization of EndoC-βH5 cells, the latest in the EndoC-βH cell family. METHODS EndoC-βH5 cells were generated by integrative gene transfer of immortalizing transgenes hTERT and SV40 large T along with Herpes Simplex Virus-1 thymidine kinase into human fetal pancreas. Immortalizing transgenes were removed after amplification using CRE activation and remaining non-excized cells eliminated using ganciclovir. Resulting cells were distributed as ready to use EndoC-βH5 cells. We performed transcriptome, immunological and extensive functional assays. RESULTS Ready to use EndoC-βH5 cells display highly efficient glucose dependent insulin secretion. A robust 10-fold insulin secretion index was observed and reproduced in four independent laboratories across Europe. EndoC-βH5 cells secrete insulin in a dynamic manner in response to glucose and secretion is further potentiated by GIP and GLP-1 analogs. RNA-seq confirmed abundant expression of beta cell transcription factors and functional markers, including incretin receptors. Cytokines induce a gene expression signature of inflammatory pathways and antigen processing and presentation. Finally, modified HLA-A2 expressing EndoC-βH5 cells elicit specific A2-alloreactive CD8 T cell activation. CONCLUSIONS EndoC-βH5 cells represent a unique storable and ready to use human pancreatic beta cell model with highly robust and reproducible features. Such cells are thus relevant for the study of beta cell function, screening and validation of new drugs, and development of disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Claire Colace
- Paris Brain Institute, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France
| | - Sofia Thomaidou
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Federica Fantuzzi
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Toshiaki Sawatani
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sevda Gheibi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Joan Sabadell-Basallote
- Unitat de Recerca, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Tarragona, Spain; Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fransje W J Boot
- Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Aline Piet
- Human Cell Design, Canceropole, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | | | - Hamza Olleik
- Human Cell Design, Canceropole, Toulouse, France
| | - Françoise Carlotti
- Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Miriam Ejarque
- Unitat de Recerca, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Malin Fex
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Hindrik Mulder
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Miriam Cnop
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Decio L Eizirik
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Arnaud Zaldumbide
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Raphaël Scharfmann
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM U1016, Paris, 75014, France
| | - Philippe Ravassard
- Paris Brain Institute, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France.
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Secco B, Saitoski K, Drareni K, Soprani A, Pechberty S, Rachdi L, Venteclef N, Scharfmann R. Loss of Human Beta Cell Identity in a Reconstructed Omental Stromal Cell Environment. Cells 2022; 11:cells11060924. [PMID: 35326375 PMCID: PMC8946101 DOI: 10.3390/cells11060924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In human type 2 diabetes, adipose tissue plays an important role in disturbing glucose homeostasis by secreting factors that affect the function of cells and tissues throughout the body, including insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells. We aimed here at studying the paracrine effect of stromal cells isolated from subcutaneous and omental adipose tissue on human beta cells. We developed an in vitro model wherein the functional human beta cell line EndoC-βH1 was treated with conditioned media from human adipose tissues. By using RNA-sequencing and western blotting, we determined that a conditioned medium derived from omental stromal cells stimulates several pathways, such as STAT, SMAD and RELA, in EndoC-βH1 cells. We also observed that upon treatment, the expression of beta cell markers decreased while dedifferentiation markers increased. Loss-of-function experiments that efficiently blocked specific signaling pathways did not reverse dedifferentiation, suggesting the implication of more than one pathway in this regulatory process. Taken together, we demonstrate that soluble factors derived from stromal cells isolated from human omental adipose tissue signal human beta cells and modulate their identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blandine Secco
- Institut Cochin, Université de Paris, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, 75014 Paris, France; (B.S.); (K.S.); (S.P.); (L.R.)
| | - Kevin Saitoski
- Institut Cochin, Université de Paris, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, 75014 Paris, France; (B.S.); (K.S.); (S.P.); (L.R.)
| | - Karima Drareni
- Cordeliers Research Centre, INSERM, Immunity and Metabolism in Diabetes Laboratory, Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France; (K.D.); (A.S.); (N.V.)
| | - Antoine Soprani
- Cordeliers Research Centre, INSERM, Immunity and Metabolism in Diabetes Laboratory, Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France; (K.D.); (A.S.); (N.V.)
- Clinique Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, Ramsey General de Santé, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Severine Pechberty
- Institut Cochin, Université de Paris, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, 75014 Paris, France; (B.S.); (K.S.); (S.P.); (L.R.)
| | - Latif Rachdi
- Institut Cochin, Université de Paris, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, 75014 Paris, France; (B.S.); (K.S.); (S.P.); (L.R.)
| | - Nicolas Venteclef
- Cordeliers Research Centre, INSERM, Immunity and Metabolism in Diabetes Laboratory, Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France; (K.D.); (A.S.); (N.V.)
| | - Raphaël Scharfmann
- Institut Cochin, Université de Paris, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, 75014 Paris, France; (B.S.); (K.S.); (S.P.); (L.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +(33)-1-76-53-55-68
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Passone CDGB, Vermillac G, Staels W, Besancon A, Kariyawasam D, Godot C, Lambe C, Talbotec C, Girard M, Chardot C, Berteloot L, Hachem T, Lapillonne A, Poidvin A, Storey C, Neve M, Stan C, Dugelay E, Fauret-Amsellem AL, Capri Y, Cavé H, Ybarra M, Chandra V, Scharfmann R, Bismuth E, Polak M, Carel JC, Pigneur B, Beltrand J. Mitchell-Riley Syndrome: Improving Clinical Outcomes and Searching for Functional Impact of RFX-6 Mutations. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:802351. [PMID: 35813646 PMCID: PMC9257252 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.802351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Caused by biallelic mutations of the gene encoding the transcription factor RFX6, the rare Mitchell-Riley syndrome (MRS) comprises neonatal diabetes, pancreatic hypoplasia, gallbladder agenesis or hypoplasia, duodenal atresia, and severe chronic diarrhea. So far, sixteen cases have been reported, all with a poor prognosis. This study discusses the multidisciplinary intensive clinical management of 4 new cases of MRS that survived over the first 2 years of life. Moreover, it demonstrates how the mutations impair the RFX6 function. METHODS Clinical records were analyzed and described in detail. The functional impact of two RFX6R181W and RFX6V506G variants was assessed by measuring their ability to transactivate insulin transcription and genes that encode the L-type calcium channels required for normal pancreatic beta-cell function. RESULTS All four patients were small for gestational age (SGA) and prenatally diagnosed with duodenal atresia. They presented with neonatal diabetes early in life and were treated with intravenous insulin therapy before switching to subcutaneous insulin pump therapy. All patients faced recurrent hypoglycemic episodes, exacerbated when parenteral nutrition (PN) was disconnected. A sensor-augmented insulin pump therapy with a predictive low-glucose suspension system was installed with good results. One patient had a homozygous c.1517T>G (p.Val506Gly) mutation, two patients had a homozygous p.Arg181Trp mutation, and one patient presented with new compound heterozygosity. The RFX6V506G and RFX6R181W mutations failed to transactivate the expression of insulin and genes that encode L-type calcium channel subunits required for normal pancreatic beta-cell function. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Multidisciplinary and intensive disease management improved the clinical outcomes in four patients with MRS, including adjustment of parenteral/oral nutrition progression and advanced diabetes technologies. A better understanding of RFX6 function, in both intestine and pancreas cells, may break ground in new therapies, particularly regarding the use of drugs that modulate the enteroendocrine system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline de Gouveia Buff Passone
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Inserm U1016, Cochin Institute, Paris, France
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Gynecology and Diabetology, Centre de Référence des Pathologies Gynécologiques Rares et des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance et du Développement, Hôpital Universitaire Necker Enfants Malades, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- *Correspondence: Caroline de Gouveia Buff Passone, ; orcid.org/0000-0003-2639-352X
| | - Gaëlle Vermillac
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Gynecology and Diabetology, Centre de Référence des Pathologies Gynécologiques Rares et des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance et du Développement, Hôpital Universitaire Necker Enfants Malades, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Willem Staels
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Inserm U1016, Cochin Institute, Paris, France
- Beta Cell Neogenesis (BENE) Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alix Besancon
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Gynecology and Diabetology, Centre de Référence des Pathologies Gynécologiques Rares et des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance et du Développement, Hôpital Universitaire Necker Enfants Malades, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Dulanjalee Kariyawasam
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Gynecology and Diabetology, Centre de Référence des Pathologies Gynécologiques Rares et des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance et du Développement, Hôpital Universitaire Necker Enfants Malades, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- Imagine Institute, Hôpital Universitaire Necker Enfants Malades, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Cécile Godot
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Gynecology and Diabetology, Centre de Référence des Pathologies Gynécologiques Rares et des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance et du Développement, Hôpital Universitaire Necker Enfants Malades, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Cécile Lambe
- Pediatric Gastroentherology Hepatology and Nutrition Unit, Hôpital Universitaire Necker Enfants Malades, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Cécile Talbotec
- Pediatric Gastroentherology Hepatology and Nutrition Unit, Hôpital Universitaire Necker Enfants Malades, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- INSERM UMR S 1139, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Muriel Girard
- Hepatology Unit, Hôpital Universitaire Necker Enfants Malades, Université de Paris, Inserm U1151, Centre de Référence Maladie rares Atresie des voies biliaires et cholestases génétiques et Filière de soin Filfoie, Paris, France
| | - Christophe Chardot
- Pediatric Surgery Department, Hôpital Universitaire Necker Enfants Malades, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Laureline Berteloot
- Pediatric Radiology Department, Hôpital Universitaire Necker Enfants Malades, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France/INSERM U1163, Institut Imagine, Paris, France
| | - Taymme Hachem
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Hôpital Universitaire Necker Enfants Malades, EHU 7328 Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Lapillonne
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Hôpital Universitaire Necker Enfants Malades, EHU 7328 Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Amélie Poidvin
- Université Paris Cité, Hôpital Universitaire Robert-Debré, Service d’Endocrinologie Diabétologie Pédiatrique et CRMR Prisis, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Storey
- Université Paris Cité, Hôpital Universitaire Robert-Debré, Service d’Endocrinologie Diabétologie Pédiatrique et CRMR Prisis, Paris, France
| | - Mathieu Neve
- Pediatric Department Hôpital d’Enfants de Margency Croix-Rouge française, Margency, France
| | - Cosmina Stan
- Pediatric Department Hôpital d’Enfants de Margency Croix-Rouge française, Margency, France
| | - Emmanuelle Dugelay
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Hôpital Universitaire Robert-Debré, Paris, France
| | | | - Yline Capri
- Genetic Department, Hopital Universitaire Robert Debré, Paris, France
| | - Hélène Cavé
- Genetic Department, Hopital Universitaire Robert Debré, Paris, France
| | - Marina Ybarra
- Research Center of Sainte Justine University Hospital, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Vikash Chandra
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Inserm U1016, Cochin Institute, Paris, France
- Biomedicum Stem Cell Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Raphaël Scharfmann
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Inserm U1016, Cochin Institute, Paris, France
| | - Elise Bismuth
- Université Paris Cité, Hôpital Universitaire Robert-Debré, Service d’Endocrinologie Diabétologie Pédiatrique et CRMR Prisis, Paris, France
| | - Michel Polak
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Gynecology and Diabetology, Centre de Référence des Pathologies Gynécologiques Rares et des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance et du Développement, Hôpital Universitaire Necker Enfants Malades, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Jean Claude Carel
- Université Paris Cité, Hôpital Universitaire Robert-Debré, Service d’Endocrinologie Diabétologie Pédiatrique et CRMR Prisis, Paris, France
| | - Bénédicte Pigneur
- Pediatric Gastroentherology Hepatology and Nutrition Unit, Hôpital Universitaire Necker Enfants Malades, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Jacques Beltrand
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Inserm U1016, Cochin Institute, Paris, France
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Gynecology and Diabetology, Centre de Référence des Pathologies Gynécologiques Rares et des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance et du Développement, Hôpital Universitaire Necker Enfants Malades, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- Imagine Institute, Hôpital Universitaire Necker Enfants Malades, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
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6
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Bulfoni M, Bouyioukos C, Zakaria A, Nigon F, Rapone R, Del Maestro L, Ait-Si-Ali S, Scharfmann R, Cosson B. Glucose controls co-translation of structurally related mRNAs via the mTOR and eIF2 pathways in human pancreatic beta cells. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:949097. [PMID: 35992129 PMCID: PMC9388909 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.949097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic beta cell response to glucose is critical for the maintenance of normoglycemia. A strong transcriptional response was classically described in rodent models but, interestingly, not in human cells. In this study, we exposed human pancreatic beta cells to an increased concentration of glucose and analysed at a global level the mRNAs steady state levels and their translationalability. Polysome profiling analysis showed an early acute increase in protein synthesis and a specific translation regulation of more than 400 mRNAs, independently of their transcriptional regulation. We clustered the co-regulated mRNAs according to their behaviour in translation in response to glucose and discovered common structural and sequence mRNA features. Among them mTOR- and eIF2-sensitive elements have a predominant role to increase mostly the translation of mRNAs encoding for proteins of the translational machinery. Furthermore, we show that mTOR and eIF2α pathways are independently regulated in response to glucose, participating to a translational reshaping to adapt beta cell metabolism. The early acute increase in the translation machinery components prepare the beta cell for further protein demand due to glucose-mediated metabolism changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Bulfoni
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Epigenetics and Cell Fate, Paris, France
| | - Costas Bouyioukos
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Epigenetics and Cell Fate, Paris, France
| | - Albatoul Zakaria
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Fabienne Nigon
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Epigenetics and Cell Fate, Paris, France
| | - Roberta Rapone
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Epigenetics and Cell Fate, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Bertrand Cosson
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Epigenetics and Cell Fate, Paris, France
- *Correspondence: Bertrand Cosson,
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7
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Huijbregts L, Aiello V, Soggia A, Ravassard P, Rachdi L, Scharfmann R, Albagli O. Culture, differentiation, and transduction of mouse E12.5 pancreatic spheres: an in vitro model for the secondary transition of pancreas development. Islets 2021; 13:10-23. [PMID: 33641620 PMCID: PMC8018339 DOI: 10.1080/19382014.2020.1863723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
During the secondary transition of rodent pancreatic development, mainly between E12.5 and E15.5 in mice, exocrine and endocrine populations differentiate from pancreatic progenitors. Here we describe an experimental system for its study in vitro. First, we show that spheres derived from dissociated E12.5 mouse pancreases differentiate within 7 days into most pancreatic exocrine and endocrine cell types, including beta cells. The proportion and spatial repartition of the different endocrine populations mirror those observed during normal development. Thus, dissociation and culture do not impair the developmental events affecting pancreatic progenitors during the secondary transition. Moreover, dissociated cells from mouse E12.5 pancreas were transduced with ecotropic MLV-based retroviral vectors or, though less efficiently, with a mixture of ALV(A)-based retroviral vectors and gesicles containing the TVA (Tumor Virus A) receptor. As an additional improvement, we also created a transgenic mouse line expressing TVA under the control of the 4.5 kB pdx1 promoter (pdx1-TVA). We demonstrate that pancreatic progenitors from dissociated pdx1-TVA pancreas can be specifically transduced by ALV(A)-based retroviral vectors. Using this model, we expressed an activated mutant of the YAP transcriptional co-activator in pancreatic progenitors. These experiments indicate that deregulated YAP activity reduces endocrine and exocrine differentiation in the resulting spheres, confirming and extending previously published data. Thus, our experimental model recapitulates in vitro the crucial developmental decisions arising at the secondary transition and provides a convenient tool to study their genetic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Huijbregts
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France
| | - Virginie Aiello
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France
| | - Andrea Soggia
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Ravassard
- Institut du Cerveau et de La Moelle Épinière (ICM), INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
| | - Latif Rachdi
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France
| | - Raphaël Scharfmann
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Albagli
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France
- CONTACT Olivier Albagli Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, 123 Bd Du Port-Royal, Paris75014, France
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8
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Berthault C, Staels W, Scharfmann R. Purification of pancreatic endocrine subsets reveals increased iron metabolism in beta cells. Mol Metab 2020; 42:101060. [PMID: 32763423 PMCID: PMC7498953 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.101060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The main endocrine cell types in pancreatic islets are alpha, beta, and delta cells. Although these cell types have distinct roles in the regulation of glucose homeostasis, inadequate purification methods preclude the study of cell type-specific effects. We developed a reliable approach that enables simultaneous sorting of live alpha, beta, and delta cells from mouse islets for downstream analyses. Methods We developed an antibody panel against cell surface antigens to enable isolation of highly purified endocrine subsets from mouse islets based on the specific differential expression of CD71 on beta cells and CD24 on delta cells. We rigorously demonstrated the reliability and validity of our approach using bulk and single cell qPCR, immunocytochemistry, reporter mice, and transcriptomics. Results Pancreatic alpha, beta, and delta cells can be separated based on beta cell-specific CD71 surface expression and high expression of CD24 on delta cells. We applied our new sorting strategy to demonstrate that CD71, which is the transferrin receptor mediating the uptake of transferrin-bound iron, is upregulated in beta cells during early postnatal weeks. We found that beta cells express higher levels of several other genes implicated in iron metabolism and iron deprivation significantly impaired beta cell function. In human beta cells, CD71 is similarly required for iron uptake and CD71 surface expression is regulated in a glucose-dependent manner. Conclusions This study provides a novel and efficient purification method for murine alpha, beta, and delta cells, identifies for the first time CD71 as a postnatal beta cell-specific marker, and demonstrates a central role of iron metabolism in beta cell function. CD71 is a marker that is highly expressed in murine pancreatic beta-cells. CD71 and CD24 can be used to purify live murine alpha-, beta-, and delta-cells. Iron metabolism in murine beta-cells is increased compared to that in alpha-, and delta-cells. Human beta-cells regulate CD71 surface expression in a glucose-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Berthault
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, U1016, CNRS, UMR8104, 123 Boulevard de Port Royal, 75014 Paris, France.
| | - W Staels
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, U1016, CNRS, UMR8104, 123 Boulevard de Port Royal, 75014 Paris, France; Beta Cell Neogenesis (BENE), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, University Hospital of Brussels, Laarbeeklaan 101, Jette, Belgium
| | - R Scharfmann
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, U1016, CNRS, UMR8104, 123 Boulevard de Port Royal, 75014 Paris, France.
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9
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Maugein A, Diedisheim M, Bailly K, Scharfmann R, Albagli O. The RB gene family controls the maturation state of the EndoC-βH2 human pancreatic β-cells. Differentiation 2020; 113:1-9. [PMID: 32120156 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2020.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The functional maturation of human pancreatic β-cells remains poorly understood. EndoC-βH2 is a human β-cell line with a reversible immortalized phenotype. Removal of the two oncogenes, SV40LT and hTERT introduced for its propagation, stops proliferation, triggers cell size increase and senescence, promotes mitochondrial activity and amplifies several β-cell traits and functions. Overall, these events recapitulate several aspects of functional β-cell maturation. We report here that selective depletion of SV40LT, but not of hTERT, is sufficient to revert EndoC-βH2 immortalization. SV40LT inhibits the activity of the RB family members and of P53. In EndoC-βH2 cells, the knock-down of RB itself, and, to a lesser extent, of its relative P130, precludes most events triggered by SV40LT depletion. In contrast, the knock-down of P53 does not prevent reversion of immortalization. Thus, an increase in RB and P130 activity, but not in P53 activity, is required for functional maturation of EndoC-βH2 cells upon SV40LT-depletion. In addition, RB and/or P130 depletion in SV40LT-expressing EndoC-βH2 cells decreases cell size, stimulates proliferation, and decreases the expression of key β-cell genes. Thus, despite SV40LT expression, EndoC-βH2 cells have a residual RB activity, which when suppressed reverts them to a more immature phenotype. These results show that the expression and activity levels of RB family members, especially RB itself, regulate the maturation state of EndoC-βH2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Maugein
- Paris University, Institut Cochin, INSERM, U1016, CNRS, UMR8104, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Marc Diedisheim
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Diabetology Department, Paris University, Cochin Hospital, and INSERM, UMRS 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris University, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Karine Bailly
- Paris University, Institut Cochin, INSERM, U1016, CNRS, UMR8104, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Raphaël Scharfmann
- Paris University, Institut Cochin, INSERM, U1016, CNRS, UMR8104, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Albagli
- Paris University, Institut Cochin, INSERM, U1016, CNRS, UMR8104, 75014, Paris, France.
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10
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Oshima M, Pechberty S, Bellini L, Göpel SO, Campana M, Rouch C, Dairou J, Cosentino C, Fantuzzi F, Toivonen S, Marchetti P, Magnan C, Cnop M, Le Stunff H, Scharfmann R. Stearoyl CoA desaturase is a gatekeeper that protects human beta cells against lipotoxicity and maintains their identity. Diabetologia 2020; 63:395-409. [PMID: 31796987 PMCID: PMC6946759 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-019-05046-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS During the onset of type 2 diabetes, excessive dietary intake of saturated NEFA and fructose lead to impaired insulin production and secretion by insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells. The majority of data on the deleterious effects of lipids on functional beta cell mass were obtained either in vivo in rodent models or in vitro using rodent islets and beta cell lines. Translating data from rodent to human beta cells remains challenging. Here, we used the human beta cell line EndoC-βH1 and analysed its sensitivity to a lipotoxic and glucolipotoxic (high palmitate with or without high glucose) insult, as a way to model human beta cells in a type 2 diabetes environment. METHODS EndoC-βH1 cells were exposed to palmitate after knockdown of genes related to saturated NEFA metabolism. We analysed whether and how palmitate induces apoptosis, stress and inflammation and modulates beta cell identity. RESULTS EndoC-βH1 cells were insensitive to the deleterious effects of saturated NEFA (palmitate and stearate) unless stearoyl CoA desaturase (SCD) was silenced. SCD was abundantly expressed in EndoC-βH1 cells, as well as in human islets and human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived beta cells. SCD silencing induced markers of inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum stress and also IAPP mRNA. Treatment with the SCD products oleate or palmitoleate reversed inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Upon SCD knockdown, palmitate induced expression of dedifferentiation markers such as SOX9, MYC and HES1. Interestingly, SCD knockdown by itself disrupted beta cell identity with a decrease in mature beta cell markers INS, MAFA and SLC30A8 and decreased insulin content and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION The present study delineates an important role for SCD in the protection against lipotoxicity and in the maintenance of human beta cell identity. DATA AVAILABILITY Microarray data and all experimental details that support the findings of this study have been deposited in in the GEO database with the GSE130208 accession code.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaya Oshima
- Université Paris Descartes, Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, 123 bd du Port-Royal, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Séverine Pechberty
- Université Paris Descartes, Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, 123 bd du Port-Royal, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Lara Bellini
- Unité Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, CNRS UMR 8251, Paris, France
| | - Sven O Göpel
- Bioscience Metabolism, Research and Early Development Cardiovascular Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mélanie Campana
- Unité Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, CNRS UMR 8251, Paris, France
| | - Claude Rouch
- Unité Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, CNRS UMR 8251, Paris, France
| | - Julien Dairou
- Université Paris Descartes CNRS UMR 8601, Paris, France
| | - Cristina Cosentino
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Federica Fantuzzi
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sanna Toivonen
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Piero Marchetti
- University of Pisa, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Pisa, Italy
| | - Christophe Magnan
- Unité Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, CNRS UMR 8251, Paris, France
| | - Miriam Cnop
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Division of Endocrinology, ULB Erasmus Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hervé Le Stunff
- Unité Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, CNRS UMR 8251, Paris, France
- Université Paris-Sud, CNRS UMR 9197, Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay (Neuro-PSI) - CNRS UMR 9197, Orsay, France
| | - Raphaël Scharfmann
- Université Paris Descartes, Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, 123 bd du Port-Royal, 75014, Paris, France.
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11
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Baron M, Maillet J, Huyvaert M, Dechaume A, Boutry R, Loiselle H, Durand E, Toussaint B, Vaillant E, Philippe J, Thomas J, Ghulam A, Franc S, Charpentier G, Borys JM, Lévy-Marchal C, Tauber M, Scharfmann R, Weill J, Aubert C, Kerr-Conte J, Pattou F, Roussel R, Balkau B, Marre M, Boissel M, Derhourhi M, Gaget S, Canouil M, Froguel P, Bonnefond A. Loss-of-function mutations in MRAP2 are pathogenic in hyperphagic obesity with hyperglycemia and hypertension. Nat Med 2019; 25:1733-1738. [PMID: 31700171 PMCID: PMC6858878 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-019-0622-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) accessory protein MRAP2 is implicated in energy control in rodents, notably via melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R)1. Although some MRAP2 mutations have been described in people with obesity1–3, their functional consequences on adiposity remain elusive. Using large-scale sequencing of MRAP2 in 9,418 people, we identified 23 rare heterozygous variants associated with increased obesity risk in both adults and children. Functional assessment of each variant shows that loss-of-function MRAP2 variants are pathogenic for monogenic hyperphagic obesity, with hyperglycemia and hypertension. This contrasts with other monogenic forms of obesity characterized by excessive hunger, including MC4R deficiency, that present with low blood pressure and normal glucose tolerance4. The pleiotropic metabolic effect of loss-of-function mutations in MRAP2 might be due to the failure of different MRAP2-regulated GPCRs in various tissues including pancreatic islets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Baron
- CNRS UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Julie Maillet
- CNRS UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Marlène Huyvaert
- CNRS UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Aurélie Dechaume
- CNRS UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Raphaël Boutry
- CNRS UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Hélène Loiselle
- CNRS UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Emmanuelle Durand
- CNRS UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Bénédicte Toussaint
- CNRS UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Emmanuel Vaillant
- CNRS UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Julien Philippe
- CNRS UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France.,Center for Human Disease Modeling, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jérémy Thomas
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Hormonologie, Centre de Biologie Pathologie, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Lille, France
| | - Amjad Ghulam
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Hormonologie, Centre de Biologie Pathologie, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Lille, France
| | - Sylvia Franc
- CERITD (Centre d'Étude et de Recherche pour l'Intensification du Traitement du Diabète), Evry, France.,Department of Diabetes, Sud-Francilien Hospital, University Paris-Sud, Orsay, Corbeil-Essonnes, France
| | - Guillaume Charpentier
- CERITD (Centre d'Étude et de Recherche pour l'Intensification du Traitement du Diabète), Evry, France.,Department of Diabetes, Sud-Francilien Hospital, University Paris-Sud, Orsay, Corbeil-Essonnes, France
| | | | - Claire Lévy-Marchal
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Inserm CIE 05, Robert Debré Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Maïthé Tauber
- Endocrinology, Obesity, Bone Disease, Genetics and Medical Gynecology, Hôpital des Enfants, Inserm UMR 1043, Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Raphaël Scharfmann
- Inserm U1016, Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Jacques Weill
- Pediatric Endocrine Department, Lille Hospital, Lille, France
| | | | - Julie Kerr-Conte
- Inserm U1190, EGID, CHU Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - François Pattou
- Inserm U1190, EGID, CHU Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Ronan Roussel
- Department of Diabetology, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hôpital Bichat, DHU FIRE, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.,Inserm U1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,UFR de Médecine, University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Beverley Balkau
- Inserm U1018, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Villejuif, France.,University Paris-Saclay, University Paris-Sud, Villejuif, France
| | - Michel Marre
- Inserm U1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,CMC Ambroise Paré, Neuilly-sur-Seine, France
| | - Mathilde Boissel
- CNRS UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Mehdi Derhourhi
- CNRS UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Stefan Gaget
- CNRS UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Mickaël Canouil
- CNRS UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Philippe Froguel
- CNRS UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France. .,Department of Metabolism, Section of Genomics of Common Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Amélie Bonnefond
- CNRS UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France. .,Department of Metabolism, Section of Genomics of Common Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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12
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Stoupa A, Adam F, Kariyawasam D, Strassel C, Gawade S, Szinnai G, Kauskot A, Lasne D, Janke C, Natarajan K, Schmitt A, Bole-Feysot C, Nitschke P, Léger J, Jabot-Hanin F, Tores F, Michel A, Munnich A, Besmond C, Scharfmann R, Lanza F, Borgel D, Polak M, Carré A. TUBB1 mutations cause thyroid dysgenesis associated with abnormal platelet physiology. EMBO Mol Med 2019; 10:emmm.201809569. [PMID: 30446499 PMCID: PMC6284387 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201809569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetic causes of congenital hypothyroidism due to thyroid dysgenesis (TD) remain largely unknown. We identified three novel TUBB1 gene mutations that co‐segregated with TD in three distinct families leading to 1.1% of TUBB1 mutations in TD study cohort. TUBB1 (Tubulin, Beta 1 Class VI) encodes for a member of the β‐tubulin protein family. TUBB1 gene is expressed in the developing and adult thyroid in humans and mice. All three TUBB1 mutations lead to non‐functional α/β‐tubulin dimers that cannot be incorporated into microtubules. In mice, Tubb1 knock‐out disrupted microtubule integrity by preventing β1‐tubulin incorporation and impaired thyroid migration and thyroid hormone secretion. In addition, TUBB1 mutations caused the formation of macroplatelets and hyperaggregation of human platelets after stimulation by low doses of agonists. Our data highlight unexpected roles for β1‐tubulin in thyroid development and in platelet physiology. Finally, these findings expand the spectrum of the rare paediatric diseases related to mutations in tubulin‐coding genes and provide new insights into the genetic background and mechanisms involved in congenital hypothyroidism and thyroid dysgenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasia Stoupa
- INSERM U1016, Faculté de Médecine, Cochin Institute, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,IMAGINE Institute Affiliate, Paris, France.,RARE Disorder Center: Centre des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance et du Développement, Paris, France.,Pediatric Endocrinology, Gynecology and Diabetology Unit, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Adam
- INSERM UMR_S1176, Paris-Sud University, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Dulanjalee Kariyawasam
- RARE Disorder Center: Centre des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance et du Développement, Paris, France.,Pediatric Endocrinology, Gynecology and Diabetology Unit, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Strassel
- INSERM, EFS Grand Est, BPPS UMR-S 1255, FMTS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Sanjay Gawade
- Department of Biomedicine, Pediatric Immunology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gabor Szinnai
- Department of Biomedicine, Pediatric Immunology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Pediatric Endocrinology, University Children's Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alexandre Kauskot
- INSERM UMR_S1176, Paris-Sud University, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Dominique Lasne
- INSERM UMR_S1176, Paris-Sud University, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Necker Children's Hospital, Biological Hematology Service, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Carsten Janke
- Institut Curie, CNRS UMR3348, PSL Research University, Orsay, France.,Institut Curie, CNRS UMR3348, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Kathiresan Natarajan
- Institut Curie, CNRS UMR3348, PSL Research University, Orsay, France.,Institut Curie, CNRS UMR3348, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Alain Schmitt
- INSERM U1016, Faculté de Médecine, Cochin Institute, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Christine Bole-Feysot
- Genomic Platform, INSERM UMR 1163, IMAGINE Institute, Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Patrick Nitschke
- Bioinformatics Platform, IMAGINE Institute, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Juliane Léger
- RARE Disorder Center: Centre des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance et du Développement, Paris, France.,Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Hôpital Universitaire Robert Debré, AP-HP, Paris, France.,Paris Diderot University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,INSERM UMR 1141, DHU Protect, Paris, France
| | - Fabienne Jabot-Hanin
- Bioinformatics Platform, IMAGINE Institute, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Tores
- Bioinformatics Platform, IMAGINE Institute, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Anita Michel
- INSERM, EFS Grand Est, BPPS UMR-S 1255, FMTS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Arnold Munnich
- INSERM U1163, IMAGINE Institute, Translational Genetics, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Department of Genetics, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Claude Besmond
- INSERM U1163, IMAGINE Institute, Translational Genetics, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Raphaël Scharfmann
- INSERM U1016, Faculté de Médecine, Cochin Institute, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - François Lanza
- INSERM, EFS Grand Est, BPPS UMR-S 1255, FMTS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Delphine Borgel
- INSERM UMR_S1176, Paris-Sud University, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Necker Children's Hospital, Biological Hematology Service, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Michel Polak
- INSERM U1016, Faculté de Médecine, Cochin Institute, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,IMAGINE Institute Affiliate, Paris, France.,RARE Disorder Center: Centre des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance et du Développement, Paris, France.,Pediatric Endocrinology, Gynecology and Diabetology Unit, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Paris, France.,Fédération Parisienne pour le Dépistage et la Prévention des Handicaps de l'Enfant (FPDPHE), Paris, France
| | - Aurore Carré
- INSERM U1016, Faculté de Médecine, Cochin Institute, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France .,IMAGINE Institute Affiliate, Paris, France.,RARE Disorder Center: Centre des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance et du Développement, Paris, France
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13
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Albagli O, Maugein A, Huijbregts L, Bredel D, Carlier G, Martin P, Scharfmann R. New α- and SIN γ-retrovectors for safe transduction and specific transgene expression in pancreatic β cell lines. BMC Biotechnol 2019; 19:35. [PMID: 31208395 PMCID: PMC6580483 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-019-0531-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Viral vectors are invaluable tools to transfer genes and/or regulatory sequences into differentiated cells such as pancreatic cells. To date, several kinds of viral vectors have been used to transduce different pancreatic cell types, including insulin-producing β cells. However, few studies have used vectors derived from « simple » retroviruses, such as avian α- or mouse γ-retroviruses, despite their high experimental convenience. Moreover, such vectors were never designed to specifically target transgene expression into β cells. RESULTS We here describe two novel α- or SIN (Self-Inactivating) γ-retrovectors containing the RIP (Rat Insulin Promoter) as internal promoter. These two retrovectors are easily produced in standard BSL2 conditions, rapidly concentrated if needed, and harbor a large multiple cloning site. For the SIN γ-retrovector, either the VSV-G (pantropic) or the retroviral ecotropic (rodent specific) envelope was used. For the α-retrovector, we used the A type envelope, as its receptor, termed TVA, is only naturally present in avian cells and can efficiently be provided to mammalian β cells through either exogenous expression upon cDNA transfer or gesicle-mediated delivery of the protein. As expected, the transgenes cloned into the two RIP-containing retrovectors displayed a strong preferential expression in β over non-β cells compared to transgenes cloned in their non-RIP (CMV- or LTR-) regulated counterparts. We further show that RIP activity of both retrovectors mirrored fluctuations affecting endogenous INSULIN gene expression in human β cells. Finally, both α- and SIN γ-retrovectors were extremely poorly mobilized by the BXV1 xenotropic retrovirus, a common invader of human cells grown in immunodeficient mice, and, most notably, of human β cell lines. CONCLUSION Our novel α- and SIN γ-retrovectors are safe and convenient tools to stably and specifically express transgene(s) in mammalian β cells. Moreover, they both reproduce some regulatory patterns affecting INSULIN gene expression. Thus, they provide a helpful tool to both study the genetic control of β cell function and monitor changes in their differentiation status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Albagli
- INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, 123 Boulevard de Port-Royal, 75014, Paris, France.
| | - Alicia Maugein
- INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, 123 Boulevard de Port-Royal, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Lukas Huijbregts
- INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, 123 Boulevard de Port-Royal, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Delphine Bredel
- INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, 123 Boulevard de Port-Royal, 75014, Paris, France.,Present Address: Laboratoire de Recherche Translationnelle en Immunothérapie, Institut Gustave Roussy, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, 94800, Villejuif, France
| | - Géraldine Carlier
- INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, 123 Boulevard de Port-Royal, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Patrick Martin
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS UMR7277 INSERM U1099, iBV (Institut de Biologie Valrose), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, Bâtiment Sciences Naturelles; UFR Sciences, Parc Valrose, 28, avenue Valrose, 06108, Nice Cedex 2, France
| | - Raphaël Scharfmann
- INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, 123 Boulevard de Port-Royal, 75014, Paris, France
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14
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Abstract
In the last 10 years, several studies have shown that the pancreas of patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D), and even of subjects at risk for T1D, was smaller than the pancreas from healthy subjects. This arose the question of the relationships between the endocrine and exocrine parts of the pancreas in T1D pathogenesis. Our review underlines that histological anomalies of the exocrine pancreas are common in patients with T1D: intralobular and interacinar fibrosis, acinar atrophy, fatty infiltration, leucocytic infiltration, and pancreatic arteriosclerosis are all frequent observations. Moreover, 25% to 75% of adult patients with T1D present with pancreatic exocrine dysfunction. Our review summarizes the putative causal factors for these structural and functional anomalies, including: 1/ alterations of insulin, glucagon, somatostatin and pancreatic polypeptide secretion, 2/ global pancreatic inflammation 3/ autoimmunity targeting the exocrine pancreas, 4/ vascular and neural abnormalities, and 5/ the putative involvement of pancreatic stellate cells. These observations have also given rise to new theories on T1D: the primary event of T1D pathogenesis could be non-specific, e.g bacterial or viral or chemical, resulting in global pancreatic inflammation, which in turn could cause beta-cell predominant destruction by the immune system. Finally, this review emphasizes that it is advisable to evaluate pancreatic exocrine function in patients with T1D presenting with gastro-intestinal complaints, as a clinical trial has shown that pancreatic enzymes replacement therapy can reduce the frequency of hypoglycemia and thus might improve quality of life in subjects with T1D and exocrine failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure Alexandre-Heymann
- Service de Diabétologie, Hôpital Cochin, 123 boulevard de Port-Royal, 75014, Paris, France
- Département Hospitalo Universitaire, INSERM U 1016, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Roberto Mallone
- Service de Diabétologie, Hôpital Cochin, 123 boulevard de Port-Royal, 75014, Paris, France
- Département Hospitalo Universitaire, INSERM U 1016, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Christian Boitard
- Service de Diabétologie, Hôpital Cochin, 123 boulevard de Port-Royal, 75014, Paris, France
- Département Hospitalo Universitaire, INSERM U 1016, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Raphaël Scharfmann
- Service de Diabétologie, Hôpital Cochin, 123 boulevard de Port-Royal, 75014, Paris, France
- Département Hospitalo Universitaire, INSERM U 1016, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Etienne Larger
- Service de Diabétologie, Hôpital Cochin, 123 boulevard de Port-Royal, 75014, Paris, France.
- Département Hospitalo Universitaire, INSERM U 1016, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.
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15
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Roberts GP, Larraufie P, Richards P, Kay RG, Galvin SG, Miedzybrodzka EL, Leiter A, Li HJ, Glass LL, Ma MKL, Lam B, Yeo GSH, Scharfmann R, Chiarugi D, Hardwick RH, Reimann F, Gribble FM. Comparison of Human and Murine Enteroendocrine Cells by Transcriptomic and Peptidomic Profiling. Diabetes 2019; 68:1062-1072. [PMID: 30733330 PMCID: PMC6477899 DOI: 10.2337/db18-0883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Enteroendocrine cells (EECs) produce hormones such as glucagon-like peptide 1 and peptide YY that regulate food absorption, insulin secretion, and appetite. Based on the success of glucagon-like peptide 1-based therapies for type 2 diabetes and obesity, EECs are themselves the focus of drug discovery programs to enhance gut hormone secretion. The aim of this study was to identify the transcriptome and peptidome of human EECs and to provide a cross-species comparison between humans and mice. By RNA sequencing of human EECs purified by flow cytometry after cell fixation and staining, we present a first transcriptomic analysis of human EEC populations and demonstrate a strong correlation with murine counterparts. RNA sequencing was deep enough to enable identification of low-abundance transcripts such as G-protein-coupled receptors and ion channels, revealing expression in human EECs of G-protein-coupled receptors previously found to play roles in postprandial nutrient detection. With liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, we profiled the gradients of peptide hormones along the human and mouse gut, including their sequences and posttranslational modifications. The transcriptomic and peptidomic profiles of human and mouse EECs and cross-species comparison will be valuable tools for drug discovery programs and for understanding human metabolism and the endocrine impacts of bariatric surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey P Roberts
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K
- Cambridge Oesophago-Gastric Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Pierre Larraufie
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Paul Richards
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Richard G Kay
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Sam G Galvin
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Emily L Miedzybrodzka
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Andrew Leiter
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - H Joyce Li
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Leslie L Glass
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Marcella K L Ma
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Brian Lam
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Giles S H Yeo
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Raphaël Scharfmann
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Davide Chiarugi
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Richard H Hardwick
- Cambridge Oesophago-Gastric Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Frank Reimann
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K.
| | - Fiona M Gribble
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K.
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16
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Ramin-Mangata S, Thedrez A, Cariou B, Scharfmann R, Nobecourt E, Lambert G. LDL receptor (LDLR) expression and LDL uptake in human pancreatic beta cells are regulated by statins and PCSK9 - Consequence for glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). Atherosclerosis 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.06.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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17
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Broche B, Ben Fradj S, Aguilar E, Sancerni T, Bénard M, Makaci F, Berthault C, Scharfmann R, Alves-Guerra MC, Duvillié B. Mitochondrial Protein UCP2 Controls Pancreas Development. Diabetes 2018; 67:78-84. [PMID: 29079704 DOI: 10.2337/db17-0118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The mitochondrial carrier uncoupling protein (UCP) 2 belongs to the family of the UCPs. Despite its name, it is now accepted that UCP2 is rather a metabolite transporter than a UCP. UCP2 can regulate oxidative stress and/or energetic metabolism. In rodents, UCP2 is involved in the control of α- and β-cell mass as well as insulin and glucagon secretion. Our aim was to determine whether the effects of UCP2 observed on β-cell mass have an embryonic origin. Thus, we used Ucp2 knockout mice. We found an increased size of the pancreas in Ucp2-/- fetuses at embryonic day 16.5, associated with a higher number of α- and β-cells. This phenotype was caused by an increase of PDX1+ progenitor cells. Perinatally, an increase in the proliferation of endocrine cells also participates in their expansion. Next, we analyzed the oxidative stress in the pancreata. We quantified an increased nuclear translocation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) in the mutant, suggesting an increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Phosphorylation of AKT, an ROS target, was also activated in the Ucp2-/- pancreata. Finally, administration of the antioxidant N-acetyl-l-cysteine to Ucp2-/- pregnant mice alleviated the effect of knocking out UCP2 on pancreas development. Together, these data demonstrate that UCP2 controls pancreas development through the ROS-AKT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Broche
- INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Selma Ben Fradj
- INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Esther Aguilar
- INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Tiphaine Sancerni
- INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Matthieu Bénard
- INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Fatna Makaci
- INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Claire Berthault
- INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Raphaël Scharfmann
- INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Clotilde Alves-Guerra
- INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Bertrand Duvillié
- INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
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18
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Carré A, Stoupa A, Kariyawasam D, Gueriouz M, Ramond C, Monus T, Léger J, Gaujoux S, Sebag F, Glaser N, Zenaty D, Nitschke P, Bole-Feysot C, Hubert L, Lyonnet S, Scharfmann R, Munnich A, Besmond C, Taylor W, Polak M. Mutations in BOREALIN cause thyroid dysgenesis. Hum Mol Genet 2017; 26:599-610. [PMID: 28025328 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital hypothyroidism is the most common neonatal endocrine disorder and is primarily caused by developmental abnormalities otherwise known as thyroid dysgenesis (TD). We performed whole exome sequencing (WES) in a consanguineous family with TD and subsequently sequenced a cohort of 134 probands with TD to identify genetic factors predisposing to the disease. We identified the novel missense mutations p.S148F, p.R114Q and p.L177W in the BOREALIN gene in TD-affected families. Borealin is a major component of the Chromosomal Passenger Complex (CPC) with well-known functions in mitosis. Further analysis of the missense mutations showed no apparent effects on mitosis. In contrast, expression of the mutants in human thyrocytes resulted in defects in adhesion and migration with corresponding changes in gene expression suggesting others functions for this mitotic protein. These results were well correlated with the same gene expression pattern analysed in the thyroid tissue of the patient with BOREALIN-p.R114W. These studies open new avenues in the genetics of TD in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurore Carré
- INSERM U1016, Cochin Institute, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,IMAGINE Institute affiliate, Paris, France
| | - Athanasia Stoupa
- IMAGINE Institute affiliate, Paris, France.,Pediatric Endocrinology, Gynecology and Diabetology Unit, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Dulanjalee Kariyawasam
- INSERM U1016, Cochin Institute, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Pediatric Endocrinology, Gynecology and Diabetology Unit, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | | | - Cyrille Ramond
- INSERM U1016, Cochin Institute, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Taylor Monus
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Juliane Léger
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Hôpital Universitaire Robert Debré, AP-HP, Paris, France.,RARE Disorder Center: Centre des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance
| | - Sébastien Gaujoux
- Department of Digestive and Endocrine Surgery, Cochin Hospital, AP-HP, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Sebag
- Department of General, Endocrine and Metabolic Surgery, Hopital de la Conception, Marseille, France
| | - Nicolas Glaser
- INSERM U1016, Cochin Institute, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Delphine Zenaty
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Hôpital Universitaire Robert Debré, AP-HP, Paris, France.,RARE Disorder Center: Centre des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance
| | - Patrick Nitschke
- Bioinformatics Platform, Paris Descartes University, IMAGINE Institute, Paris, France
| | - Christine Bole-Feysot
- Genomic Platform, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cite University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Laurence Hubert
- INSERM U1163, IMAGINE Institute, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Stanislas Lyonnet
- INSERM U1163, IMAGINE Institute, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Department of Genetics, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Raphaël Scharfmann
- INSERM U1016, Cochin Institute, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Arnold Munnich
- INSERM U1163, IMAGINE Institute, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Department of Genetics, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Claude Besmond
- INSERM U1163, IMAGINE Institute, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - William Taylor
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Michel Polak
- INSERM U1016, Cochin Institute, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,IMAGINE Institute affiliate, Paris, France.,Pediatric Endocrinology, Gynecology and Diabetology Unit, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Paris, France.,RARE Disorder Center: Centre des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance
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19
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Ramond C, Glaser N, Berthault C, Ameri J, Kirkegaard JS, Hansson M, Honoré C, Semb H, Scharfmann R. Reconstructing human pancreatic differentiation by mapping specific cell populations during development. eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 28731406 PMCID: PMC5540466 DOI: 10.7554/elife.27564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Information remains scarce on human development compared to animal models. Here, we reconstructed human fetal pancreatic differentiation using cell surface markers. We demonstrate that at 7weeks of development, the glycoprotein 2 (GP2) marks a multipotent cell population that will differentiate into the acinar, ductal or endocrine lineages. Development towards the acinar lineage is paralleled by an increase in GP2 expression. Conversely, a subset of the GP2+ population undergoes endocrine differentiation by down-regulating GP2 and CD142 and turning on NEUROG3, a marker of endocrine differentiation. Endocrine maturation progresses by up-regulating SUSD2 and lowering ECAD levels. Finally, in vitro differentiation of pancreatic endocrine cells derived from human pluripotent stem cells mimics key in vivo events. Our work paves the way to extend our understanding of the origin of mature human pancreatic cell types and how such lineage decisions are regulated. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.27564.001
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyrille Ramond
- INSERM U1016, Cochin Institute, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France.,University of Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Glaser
- INSERM U1016, Cochin Institute, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France.,University of Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | | | - Jacqueline Ameri
- The Danish Stem Cell Center (DanStem), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark, Europe
| | | | - Mattias Hansson
- Global Research External Affairs, Novo Nordisk A/S, Denmark, Europe
| | - Christian Honoré
- Department of Islet and Stem Cell Biology, Novo Nordisk A/S, Denmark, Europe
| | - Henrik Semb
- The Danish Stem Cell Center (DanStem), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark, Europe
| | - Raphaël Scharfmann
- INSERM U1016, Cochin Institute, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France.,University of Paris Descartes, Paris, France
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20
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Thedrez A, Scharfmann R, Parnet P, Nobécourt E, Lambert G. LDL receptor (LDLR) expression and function in human pancreatic beta cells. Atherosclerosis 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.07.622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Scharfmann R, Didiesheim M, Richards P, Chandra V, Oshima M, Albagli O. Mass production of functional human pancreatic β-cells: why and how? Diabetes Obes Metab 2016; 18 Suppl 1:128-36. [PMID: 27615142 DOI: 10.1111/dom.12728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes (either type 1 or type 2) is due to insufficient functional β-cell mass. Research has, therefore, aimed to discover new ways to maintain or increase either β-cell mass or function. For this purpose, rodents have mainly been used as model systems and a large number of discoveries have been made. Meanwhile, although we have learned that rodent models represent powerful systems to model β-cell development, function and destruction, we realize that there are limitations when attempting to transfer the data to what is occurring in humans. Indeed, while human β-cells share many similarities with rodent β-cells, they also differ on a number of important parameters. In this context, developing ways to study human β-cell development, function and death represents an important challenge. This review will describe recent data on the development and use of convenient sources of human β-cells that should be useful tools to discover new ways to modulate functional β-cell mass in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Scharfmann
- INSERM U1016, Université Paris-Descartes, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.
| | - M Didiesheim
- INSERM U1016, Université Paris-Descartes, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
| | - P Richards
- INSERM U1016, Université Paris-Descartes, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
| | - V Chandra
- INSERM U1016, Université Paris-Descartes, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
| | - M Oshima
- INSERM U1016, Université Paris-Descartes, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
| | - O Albagli
- INSERM U1016, Université Paris-Descartes, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
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22
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Lecomte MJ, Pechberty S, Machado C, Da Barroca S, Ravassard P, Scharfmann R, Czernichow P, Duvillié B. Aggregation of Engineered Human β-Cells Into Pseudoislets: Insulin Secretion and Gene Expression Profile in Normoxic and Hypoxic Milieu. Cell Med 2016; 8:99-112. [PMID: 28003935 DOI: 10.3727/215517916x692843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Innovative treatments to cure type 1 diabetes are being actively researched. Among the different strategies, the replacement of β-cells has given promising results. Classically, islets from cadaveric donors are transplanted into diabetic patients, but recently phase I clinical trials that use stem cell-derived β-cells have been started. Such protocols require either an immunosuppressive treatment or the macroencapsulation of the β-cells. They involve cell aggregation and the exposure of the cells to hypoxia. Using an engineered human β-cell, we have addressed these two problems: a novel human β-cell line called EndoC-βH3 was cultured as single cells or aggregated clusters. EndoC-βH3 cells were also cultured at normal atmospheric oxygen tension (pO2 = 21%) or hypoxia (pO2 = 3%) in the presence or absence of modulators of the hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) pathway. Cell aggregation improved glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, demonstrating the benefit of cell-cell contacts. Low oxygen tension decreased β-cell viability and their sensitivity to glucose, but did not alter insulin production nor the insulin secretion capacity of the remaining cells. To investigate the role of HIF1α, we first used a HIF stabilizer at pO2 = 21%. This led to a mild decrease in cell viability, impaired glucose sensitivity, and altered insulin secretion. Finally, we used a HIF inhibitor on EndoC-βH3 pseudoislets exposed to hypoxia. Such treatment considerably decreased cell viability. In conclusion, aggregation of the EndoC-βH3 cells seems to be important to improve their function. A fraction of the EndoC-βH3 cells are resistant to hypoxia, depending on the level of activity of HIF1α. Thus, these cells represent a good human cell model for future investigations on islet cell transplantation analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-José Lecomte
- Univercell-Biosolutions, Centre de recherche des Cordeliers , Paris , France
| | - Séverine Pechberty
- Univercell-Biosolutions, Centre de recherche des Cordeliers , Paris , France
| | - Cécile Machado
- Univercell-Biosolutions, Centre de recherche des Cordeliers , Paris , France
| | - Sandra Da Barroca
- Univercell-Biosolutions, Centre de recherche des Cordeliers , Paris , France
| | - Philippe Ravassard
- † Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm, CNRS, Institut du cerveau et de la moelle (ICM)-Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière , Paris , France
| | - Raphaël Scharfmann
- ‡INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France; §Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France
| | - Paul Czernichow
- Univercell-Biosolutions, Centre de recherche des Cordeliers , Paris , France
| | - Bertrand Duvillié
- ‡INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France; §Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France
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23
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Benazra M, Lecomte MJ, Colace C, Müller A, Machado C, Pechberty S, Bricout-Neveu E, Grenier-Godard M, Solimena M, Scharfmann R, Czernichow P, Ravassard P. A human beta cell line with drug inducible excision of immortalizing transgenes. Mol Metab 2015; 4:916-25. [PMID: 26909308 PMCID: PMC4731729 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2015.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Access to immortalized human pancreatic beta cell lines that are phenotypically close to genuine adult beta cells, represent a major tool to better understand human beta cell physiology and develop new therapeutics for Diabetes. Here we derived a new conditionally immortalized human beta cell line, EndoC-βH3 in which immortalizing transgene can be efficiently removed by simple addition of tamoxifen. Methods We used lentiviral mediated gene transfer to stably integrate a tamoxifen inducible form of CRE (CRE-ERT2) into the recently developed conditionally immortalized EndoC βH2 line. The resulting EndoC-βH3 line was characterized before and after tamoxifen treatment for cell proliferation, insulin content and insulin secretion. Results We showed that EndoC-βH3 expressing CRE-ERT2 can be massively amplified in culture. We established an optimized tamoxifen treatment to efficiently excise the immortalizing transgenes resulting in proliferation arrest. In addition, insulin expression raised by 12 fold and insulin content increased by 23 fold reaching 2 μg of insulin per million cells. Such massive increase was accompanied by enhanced insulin secretion upon glucose stimulation. We further observed that tamoxifen treated cells maintained a stable function for 5 weeks in culture. Conclusions EndoC βH3 cell line represents a powerful tool that allows, using a simple and efficient procedure, the massive production of functional non-proliferative human beta cells. Such cells are close to genuine human beta cells and maintain a stable phenotype for 5 weeks in culture. EndoC-βH3: a conditionally immortalized human pancreatic beta cell line. Proliferation arrest upon removal of immortalizing transgenes with Tamoxifen. Enhancement of beta cell function upon removal of immortalizing transgenes. Tamoxifen-treated EndoC-βH3 maintain a stable phenotype for 5 weeks in culture. EndoC-βH3: a unique tool for large-scale drug discovery and proliferation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Benazra
- Institut du cerveau et de la moelle (ICM), Biotechnology & Biotherapy Team, 75013 Paris, France
- CNRS UMR7225, 75013 Paris, France
- INSERM U1127, 75013 Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Marie-José Lecomte
- Endocells, Pépinière d'entreprises Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle, 75007 Paris, France
| | - Claire Colace
- Institut du cerveau et de la moelle (ICM), Biotechnology & Biotherapy Team, 75013 Paris, France
- CNRS UMR7225, 75013 Paris, France
- INSERM U1127, 75013 Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Andreas Müller
- Paul Langerhans Institute of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Cécile Machado
- Endocells, Pépinière d'entreprises Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle, 75007 Paris, France
| | - Severine Pechberty
- Endocells, Pépinière d'entreprises Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle, 75007 Paris, France
| | - Emilie Bricout-Neveu
- Endocells, Pépinière d'entreprises Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle, 75007 Paris, France
| | - Maud Grenier-Godard
- Endocells, Pépinière d'entreprises Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle, 75007 Paris, France
| | - Michele Solimena
- Paul Langerhans Institute of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Raphaël Scharfmann
- INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Paul Czernichow
- Endocells, Pépinière d'entreprises Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle, 75007 Paris, France
| | - Philippe Ravassard
- Institut du cerveau et de la moelle (ICM), Biotechnology & Biotherapy Team, 75013 Paris, France
- CNRS UMR7225, 75013 Paris, France
- INSERM U1127, 75013 Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75013 Paris, France
- Corresponding author. ICM Biotechnology & Biotherapy Team, Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, 47 Bd. De l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France. Tel./fax: +33 157274575.
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Kariyawasam D, Rachdi L, Carré A, Martin M, Houlier M, Janel N, Delabar JM, Scharfmann R, Polak M. DYRK1A BAC transgenic mouse: a new model of thyroid dysgenesis in Down syndrome. Endocrinology 2015; 156:1171-80. [PMID: 25490145 DOI: 10.1210/en.2014-1329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The most common thyroid abnormality among Down syndrome (DS) children corresponds to a mildly elevated TSH, with T4 decreased or in the normal range and thyroid hypoplasia, from the neonatal period onward, which aggravate their mental impairment. Transgenic Dyrk1A mice, obtained by bacterial artificial chromosome engineering (mBACTgDyrk1A), have 3 copies of the Dyrk1A gene. The objective is to determine whether this transgenic Dyrk1A (Dyrk1A(+/++)) mouse is an adequate murine model for the study of thyroid dysgenesis in DS. Embryonic thyroid development from embryonic day 13.5 (E13.5) to E17.5 was analyzed in wild-type (WT) and Dyrk1A(+/++) mice by immunofluorescence with anti-Nkx2-1, anti-thyroglobulin, and anti-T4 antibodies, markers of early thyroid development, hormonogenesis, and final differentiation, respectively. The expression of transcription factors Nkx2-1, Pax8, and Foxe1 involved in thyroidogenesis were studied by quantitative RT-PCR at the same embryonic stages. We then compared the adult phenotype at 8 to 12 weeks in Dyrk1A(+/++) and WT mice for T4 and TSH levels, thyroidal weight, and histological analysis. Regarding thyroidal development, at E15.5, Dyrk1A(+/++) thyroid lobes are double the size of WT thyroids (P = .01), but the thyroglobulin stained surface in Dyrk1A(+/++) thyroids is less than a third as large at E17.5 (P = .04) and their differentiated follicular surface half the size (P = .004). We also observed a significant increase in Nkx2-1, Foxe1, and Pax8 RNA levels in E13.5 and E17.5 Dyrk1A(+/++) embryonic thyroids. Dyrk1A(+/++) young adult mice have significantly lower plasma T4 (2.4 ng/mL versus WT, 3.7 ng/mL; P = 0.019) and nonsignificantly higher plasma TSH (114 mUI/L versus WT, 73mUI/L; P = .09). In addition, their thyroids are significantly heavier (P = .04) and exhibit large disorganized regions. Dyrk1A overexpression directly leads to thyroidal embryogenetic, functional and morphological impairment. The young adult thyroid phenotype is probably a result of embryogenetic impairment. The Dyrk1A(+/++) mouse can be considered a suitable study model for thyroid dysgenesis in DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dulanjalee Kariyawasam
- Inserm U1016 (D.K., L.R., A.C., M.H., R.S., M.P.), 75014 Paris France; Imagine Institute (D.K., A.C., M.P.), Paris, France; Pediatric Endocrinology, Gynaecology and Diabetology Unit (D.K., M.P.), Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 75015 Paris, France; Diabetes and Obesity Research Laboratory (M.M.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative (N.J., J.-M.D.), Centre National de Recherche Scientifique 4413, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75013 Paris, France; and Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité (M.P.), 75006 Paris, France
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25
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Soggia A, Ramond C, Akiyama H, Scharfmann R, Duvillie B. von Hippel-Lindau gene disruption in mouse pancreatic progenitors and its consequences on endocrine differentiation in vivo: importance of HIF1-α and VEGF-A upregulation. Diabetologia 2014; 57:2348-56. [PMID: 25186293 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-014-3365-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM/HYPOTHESIS Different studies have linked hypoxia to embryonic development. Specifically, when embryonic pancreases are cultured ex vivo under hypoxic conditions (3% O2), beta cell development is impaired. Different cellular signalling pathways are involved in adaptation to hypoxia, including the ubiquitous hypoxia-inducible-factor 1-α (HIF1-α) pathway. We aimed to analyse the effects of HIF1-α stabilisation on fetal pancreas development in vivo. METHODS We deleted the Vhl gene, which encodes von Hippel-Lindau protein (pVHL), a factor necessary for HIF1-α degradation, by crossing Vhl-floxed mice with Sox9-Cre mice. RESULTS HIF1-α was stabilised in pancreatic progenitor cells in which the HIF pathway was induced. The number of neurogenin-3 (NGN3)-expressing cells was reduced and consequently endocrine development was altered in Vhl knockout pancreases. HIF1-α stabilisation induced Vegfa upregulation, leading to increased vascularisation. To investigate the impact of increased vascularisation on NGN3 expression, we used a bioassay in which Vhl mutant pancreases were cultured with or without vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor 2 (VEGF-R2) inhibitors (e.g. Ki8751). Ex vivo analysis showed that Vhl knockout pancreases developed fewer NGN3-positive cells compared with controls. Interestingly, this effect was blocked when vascularisation was inhibited in the presence of VEGF-R2 inhibitors. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our data demonstrate that HIF1-α negatively controls beta cell differentiation in vivo by regulating NGN3 expression, and that this effect is mediated by signals from blood vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Soggia
- U1016 Inserm/Institut Cochin, Groupe Hospitalier Cochin Port-Royal, Bâtiment Cassini, 123 Boulevard du Port-Royal, 75014, Paris, France
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26
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Hoarau E, Chandra V, Rustin P, Scharfmann R, Duvillie B. Pro-oxidant/antioxidant balance controls pancreatic β-cell differentiation through the ERK1/2 pathway. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1487. [PMID: 25341041 PMCID: PMC4237262 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2014] [Revised: 09/06/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
During embryogenesis, the intrauterine milieu affects cell proliferation, differentiation, and function by modifying gene expression in susceptible cells, such as the pancreatic β-cells. In this limited energy environment, mitochondrial dysfunction can lead to overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and to a decline in β-cell function. In opposition to this toxicity, ROS are also required for insulin secretion. Here we investigated the role of ROS in β-cell development. Surprisingly, decreasing ROS production in vivo reduced β-cell differentiation. Moreover, in cultures of pancreatic explants, progenitors were highly sensitive to ROS stimulation and responded by generating β-cells. ROS enhanced β-cell differentiation through modulation of ERK1/2 signaling. Gene transfer and pharmacological manipulations, which diminish cellular ROS levels, also interfered with normal β-cell differentiation. This study highlights the role of the redox balance on β-cell development and provides information that will be useful for improving β-cell production from embryonic stem cells, a step in cell therapy for diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Hoarau
- 1] INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France [2] Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France
| | - V Chandra
- 1] INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France [2] Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France
| | - P Rustin
- INSERM U676, Hopital Robert Debre, Paris, France
| | - R Scharfmann
- 1] INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France [2] Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France
| | - B Duvillie
- 1] INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France [2] Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France
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27
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Carlier G, Maugein A, Cordier C, Pechberty S, Garfa-Traoré M, Martin P, Scharfmann R, Albagli O. Human fucci pancreatic Beta cell lines: new tools to study Beta cell cycle and terminal differentiation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108202. [PMID: 25259951 PMCID: PMC4178124 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulation of cell cycle in beta cells is poorly understood, especially in humans. We exploited here the recently described human pancreatic beta cell line EndoC-βH2 to set up experimental systems for cell cycle studies. We derived 2 populations from EndoC-βH2 cells that stably harbor the 2 genes encoding the Fucci fluorescent indicators of cell cycle, either from two vectors, or from a unique bicistronic vector. In proliferating non-synchronized cells, the 2 Fucci indicators revealed cells in the expected phases of cell cycle, with orange and green cells being in G1 and S/G2/M cells, respectively, and allowed the sorting of cells in different substeps of G1. The Fucci indicators also faithfully red out alterations in human beta cell proliferative activity since a mitogen-rich medium decreased the proportion of orange cells and inflated the green population, while reciprocal changes were observed when cells were induced to cease proliferation and increased expression of some beta cell genes. In the last situation, acquisition of a more differentiated beta cell phenotype correlates with an increased intensity in orange fluorescence. Hence Fucci beta cell lines provide new tools to address important questions regarding human beta cell cycle and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Géraldine Carlier
- INSERM U845, Research Center Growth and Signaling, Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Alicia Maugein
- INSERM U845, Research Center Growth and Signaling, Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine Cochin, Paris, France
| | | | - Séverine Pechberty
- INSERM U845, Research Center Growth and Signaling, Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine Cochin, Paris, France
- Endocells, Pépinière d’entreprises, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Paris, France
| | - Meriem Garfa-Traoré
- INSERM U845, Research Center Growth and Signaling, Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Patrick Martin
- IBDC - CNRS UMR 6543, Université Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
| | - Raphaël Scharfmann
- INSERM U845, Research Center Growth and Signaling, Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Albagli
- INSERM U845, Research Center Growth and Signaling, Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine Cochin, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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28
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Rachdi L, Kariyawasam D, Aïello V, Herault Y, Janel N, Delabar JM, Polak M, Scharfmann R. Dyrk1A induces pancreatic β cell mass expansion and improves glucose tolerance. Cell Cycle 2014; 13:2221-9. [PMID: 24870561 PMCID: PMC4111677 DOI: 10.4161/cc.29250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Revised: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is caused by a limited capacity of insulin-producing pancreatic β cells to increase their mass and function in response to insulin resistance. The signaling pathways that positively regulate functional β cell mass have not been fully elucidated. DYRK1A (also called minibrain/MNB) is a member of the dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase (DYRK) family. A significant amount of data implicates DYRK1A in brain growth and Down syndrome, and recent data indicate that Dyrk1A haploinsufficient mice have a low functional β cell mass. Here we ask whether Dyrk1A upregulation could be a way to increase functional β cell mass. We used mice overexpressing Dyrk1A under the control of its own regulatory sequences (mBACTgDyrk1A). These mice exhibit decreased glucose levels and hyperinsulinemia in the fasting state. Improved glucose tolerance is observed in these mice as early as 4 weeks of age. Upregulation of Dyrk1A in β cells induces expansion of β cell mass through increased proliferation and cell size. Importantly, mBACTgDyrk1A mice are protected against high-fat-diet-induced β cell failure through increase in β cell mass and insulin sensitivity. These studies show the crucial role of the DYRK1A pathway in the regulation of β cell mass and carbohydrate metabolism in vivo. Activating the DYRK1A pathway could thus represent an innovative way to increase functional β cell mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Latif Rachdi
- INSERM U1016; Institut Cochin; Faculté de Médecine Cochin; Université Paris Descartes; Paris, France
| | - Dulanjalee Kariyawasam
- INSERM U1016; Institut Cochin; Faculté de Médecine Cochin; Université Paris Descartes; Paris, France
- Hôpital Universitaire Necker Enfants Malades; Endocrinologie Gynécologie Diabétologie Pédiatriques; IMAGINE Institute; Paris, France
| | - Virginie Aïello
- INSERM U1016; Institut Cochin; Faculté de Médecine Cochin; Université Paris Descartes; Paris, France
| | - Yann Herault
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire; Translational Medicine and Neuroscience Program; IGBMC; CNRS; INSERM; Université de Strasbourg; UMR7104, UMR964, and Institut Clinique de la Souris; ICS; GIE CERBM; Illkirch, France
| | - Nathalie Janel
- Sorbonne Paris Cité; Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative (BFA); CNRS UMR 8251; Paris Diderot University; Paris, France
| | - Jean-Maurice Delabar
- Sorbonne Paris Cité; Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative (BFA); CNRS UMR 8251; Paris Diderot University; Paris, France
| | - Michel Polak
- INSERM U1016; Institut Cochin; Faculté de Médecine Cochin; Université Paris Descartes; Paris, France
- Hôpital Universitaire Necker Enfants Malades; Endocrinologie Gynécologie Diabétologie Pédiatriques; IMAGINE Institute; Paris, France
| | - Raphaël Scharfmann
- INSERM U1016; Institut Cochin; Faculté de Médecine Cochin; Université Paris Descartes; Paris, France
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Rachdi L, Kariyawasam D, Guez F, Aïello V, Arbonés ML, Janel N, Delabar JM, Polak M, Scharfmann R. Dyrk1a haploinsufficiency induces diabetes in mice through decreased pancreatic beta cell mass. Diabetologia 2014; 57:960-9. [PMID: 24477974 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-014-3174-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Growth factors and nutrients are important regulators of pancreatic beta cell mass and function. However, the signalling pathways by which these factors modulate these processes have not yet been fully elucidated. DYRK1A (also named minibrain/MNB) is a member of the dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase (DYRK) family that has been conserved across evolution. A significant amount of data implicates DYRK1A in brain growth and function, as well as in neurodegenerative processes in Alzheimer's disease and Down's syndrome. We investigated here whether DYRK1A would be an attractive candidate for beta cell growth modulation. METHODS To study the role of DYRK1A in beta cell growth, we used Dyrk1a-deficient mice. RESULTS We show that DYRK1A is expressed in pancreatic islets and provide evidence that changes in Dyrk1a gene dosage in mice strongly modulate glycaemia and circulating insulin levels. Specifically, Dyrk1a-haploinsufficient mice show severe glucose intolerance, reduced beta cell mass and decreased beta cell proliferation. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Taken together, our data indicate that DYRK1A is a critical kinase for beta cell growth as Dyrk1a-haploinsufficient mice show a diabetic profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Latif Rachdi
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Faculté de Médecine Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, 24 Rue du Faubourg St Jacques, 75014, Paris, France,
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Scharfmann R, Pechberty S, Hazhouz Y, von Bülow M, Bricout-Neveu E, Grenier-Godard M, Guez F, Rachdi L, Lohmann M, Czernichow P, Ravassard P. Development of a conditionally immortalized human pancreatic β cell line. J Clin Invest 2014; 124:2087-98. [PMID: 24667639 DOI: 10.1172/jci72674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic patients exhibit a reduction in β cells, which secrete insulin to help regulate glucose homeostasis; however, little is known about the factors that regulate proliferation of these cells in human pancreas. Access to primary human β cells is limited and a challenge for both functional studies and drug discovery progress. We previously reported the generation of a human β cell line (EndoC-βH1) that was generated from human fetal pancreas by targeted oncogenesis followed by in vivo cell differentiation in mice. EndoC-βH1 cells display many functional properties of adult β cells, including expression of β cell markers and insulin secretion following glucose stimulation; however, unlike primary β cells, EndoC-βH1 cells continuously proliferate. Here, we devised a strategy to generate conditionally immortalized human β cell lines based on Cre-mediated excision of the immortalizing transgenes. The resulting cell line (EndoC-βH2) could be massively amplified in vitro. After expansion, transgenes were efficiently excised upon Cre expression, leading to an arrest of cell proliferation and pronounced enhancement of β cell-specific features such as insulin expression, content, and secretion. Our data indicate that excised EndoC-βH2 cells are highly representative of human β cells and should be a valuable tool for further analysis of human β cells.
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Busiah K, Drunat S, Vaivre-Douret L, Bonnefond A, Simon A, Flechtner I, Gérard B, Pouvreau N, Elie C, Nimri R, De Vries L, Tubiana-Rufi N, Metz C, Bertrand AM, Nivot-Adamiak S, de Kerdanet M, Stuckens C, Jennane F, Souchon PF, Le Tallec C, Désirée C, Pereira S, Dechaume A, Robert JJ, Phillip M, Scharfmann R, Czernichow P, Froguel P, Vaxillaire M, Polak M, Cavé H. Neuropsychological dysfunction and developmental defects associated with genetic changes in infants with neonatal diabetes mellitus: a prospective cohort study [corrected]. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2013; 1:199-207. [PMID: 24622368 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(13)70059-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neonatal diabetes mellitus is a rare genetic form of pancreatic β-cell dysfunction. We compared phenotypic features and clinical outcomes according to genetic subtypes in a cohort of patients diagnosed with neonatal diabetes mellitus before age 1 year, without β-cell autoimmunity and with normal pancreas morphology. METHODS We prospectively investigated patients from 20 countries referred to the French Neonatal Diabetes Mellitus Study Group from 1995 to 2010. Patients with hyperglycaemia requiring treatment with insulin before age 1 year were eligible, provided that they had normal pancreatic morphology as assessed by ultrasonography and negative tests for β-cell autoimmunity. We assessed changes in the 6q24 locus, KATP-channel subunit genes (ABCC8 and KCNJ11), and preproinsulin gene (INS) and investigated associations between genotype and phenotype, with special attention to extra-pancreatic abnormalities. FINDINGS We tested 174 index patients, of whom 47 (27%) had no detectable genetic defect. Of the remaining 127 index patients, 40 (31%) had 6q24 abnormalities, 43 (34%) had mutations in KCNJ11, 31 (24%) had mutations in ABCC8, and 13 (10%) had mutations in INS. We reported developmental delay with or without epilepsy in 13 index patients (18% of participants with mutations in genes encoding KATP channel subunits). In-depth neuropsychomotor investigations were done at median age 7 years (IQR 1-15) in 27 index patients with mutations in KATP channel subunit genes who did not have developmental delay or epilepsy. Developmental coordination disorder (particularly visual-spatial dyspraxia) or attention deficits were recorded in all index patients who had this testing. Compared with index patients who had mutations in KATP channel subunit genes, those with 6q24 abnormalities had specific features: developmental defects involving the heart, kidneys, or urinary tract (8/36 [22%] vs 2/71 [3%]; p=0·002), intrauterine growth restriction (34/37 [92%] vs 34/70 [48%]; p<0·0001), and early diagnosis (median age 5·0 days, IQR 1·0-14·5 vs 45·5 days, IQR 27·2-95·0; p<0·0001). Remission of neonatal diabetes mellitus occurred in 89 (51%) index patients at a median age of 17 weeks (IQR 9·5-39·0; median follow-up 4·7 years, IQR 1·5-12·8). Recurrence was common, with no difference between the groups who had 6q24 abnormalities versus mutations in KATP channel subunit genes (82% vs 86%; p=0·36). INTERPRETATION Neonatal diabetes mellitus is often associated with neuropsychological dysfunction and developmental defects that are specific to the underlying genetic abnormality. A multidisciplinary assessment is therefore essential when patients are diagnosed. Features of neuropsychological dysfunction and developmental defects should be tested for in adults with a history of neonatal diabetes mellitus. FUNDING Agence Nationale de la Recherche-Maladies Rares Research Program Grant, the Transnational European Research Grant on Rare Diseases, the Société Francophone du Diabète-Association Française du Diabète, the Association Française du Diabète, Aide aux Jeunes Diabétiques, a CIFRE grant from the French Government, HRA-Pharma, the French Ministry of Education and Research, and the Société Française de Pédiatrie.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanetee Busiah
- INSERM U845, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Gynaecology, and Diabetology, Necker-Enfants Malades Teaching Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, IMAGINE affiliate, Paris, France
| | - Séverine Drunat
- Department of Genetics, Robert-Debré Teaching Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Laurence Vaivre-Douret
- Inserm UMR-S0669 Université Paris Sud, Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Department of Paediatrics, Cochin Teaching Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Amélie Bonnefond
- CNRS-UMR-8199, Lille Pasteur Institute, Lille, France; EGID-FR3508, Lille, France; Lille 2 University, Lille, France
| | - Albane Simon
- Department of Paediatrics, André Mignot Hospital, Le Chesnay, France
| | - Isabelle Flechtner
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Gynaecology, and Diabetology, Necker-Enfants Malades Teaching Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, IMAGINE affiliate, Paris, France
| | - Bénédicte Gérard
- Department of Genetics, Robert-Debré Teaching Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Pouvreau
- Department of Genetics, Robert-Debré Teaching Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Elie
- Clinical Research Unit, Necker-Enfants Malades Teaching Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Revital Nimri
- The Jesse Z and Sara Lea Shafer Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The National Center for Childhood Diabetes, Schneider Children's Medical Centre of Israel, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Liat De Vries
- The Jesse Z and Sara Lea Shafer Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The National Center for Childhood Diabetes, Schneider Children's Medical Centre of Israel, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Nadia Tubiana-Rufi
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Robert-Debré Teaching Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Chantal Metz
- Department of Paediatrics, Brest Teaching Hospital, Brest, France
| | | | | | - Marc de Kerdanet
- Department of Paediatrics, Rennes Teaching Hospital, Rennes, France
| | - Chantal Stuckens
- Department of Paediatrics, Jeanne de Flandre Teaching Hospital, Lille, France
| | - Farida Jennane
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, A Harouchi Paediatric Teaching Hospital, Casablanca, Morocco
| | | | - Claire Le Tallec
- Department of Paediatrics, Paediatric Teaching Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Christelle Désirée
- Department of Genetics, Robert-Debré Teaching Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Sabrina Pereira
- Department of Genetics, Robert-Debré Teaching Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Aurélie Dechaume
- CNRS-UMR-8199, Lille Pasteur Institute, Lille, France; EGID-FR3508, Lille, France; Lille 2 University, Lille, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Robert
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Gynaecology, and Diabetology, Necker-Enfants Malades Teaching Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, IMAGINE affiliate, Paris, France
| | - Moshe Phillip
- The Jesse Z and Sara Lea Shafer Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The National Center for Childhood Diabetes, Schneider Children's Medical Centre of Israel, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Raphaël Scharfmann
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM U845, Paris, France
| | - Paul Czernichow
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Gynaecology, and Diabetology, Necker-Enfants Malades Teaching Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, IMAGINE affiliate, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Froguel
- CNRS-UMR-8199, Lille Pasteur Institute, Lille, France; EGID-FR3508, Lille, France; Lille 2 University, Lille, France; Department of Genomics of Common Disease, School of Public Health, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Martine Vaxillaire
- CNRS-UMR-8199, Lille Pasteur Institute, Lille, France; EGID-FR3508, Lille, France; Lille 2 University, Lille, France
| | - Michel Polak
- INSERM U845, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Gynaecology, and Diabetology, Necker-Enfants Malades Teaching Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, IMAGINE affiliate, Paris, France.
| | - Hélène Cavé
- Department of Genetics, Robert-Debré Teaching Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
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Michau A, Guillemain G, Grosfeld A, Vuillaumier-Barrot S, Grand T, Keck M, L'Hoste S, Chateau D, Serradas P, Teulon J, De Lonlay P, Scharfmann R, Brot-Laroche E, Leturque A, Le Gall M. Mutations in SLC2A2 gene reveal hGLUT2 function in pancreatic β cell development. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:31080-92. [PMID: 23986439 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.469189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The structure-function relationships of sugar transporter-receptor hGLUT2 coded by SLC2A2 and their impact on insulin secretion and β cell differentiation were investigated through the detailed characterization of a panel of mutations along the protein. We studied naturally occurring SLC2A2 variants or mutants: two single-nucleotide polymorphisms and four proposed inactivating mutations associated to Fanconi-Bickel syndrome. We also engineered mutations based on sequence alignment and conserved amino acids in selected domains. The single-nucleotide polymorphisms P68L and T110I did not impact on sugar transport as assayed in Xenopus oocytes. All the Fanconi-Bickel syndrome-associated mutations invalidated glucose transport by hGLUT2 either through absence of protein at the plasma membrane (G20D and S242R) or through loss of transport capacity despite membrane targeting (P417L and W444R), pointing out crucial amino acids for hGLUT2 transport function. In contrast, engineered mutants were located at the plasma membrane and able to transport sugar, albeit with modified kinetic parameters. Notably, these mutations resulted in gain of function. G20S and L368P mutations increased insulin secretion in the absence of glucose. In addition, these mutants increased insulin-positive cell differentiation when expressed in cultured rat embryonic pancreas. F295Y mutation induced β cell differentiation even in the absence of glucose, suggesting that mutated GLUT2, as a sugar receptor, triggers a signaling pathway independently of glucose transport and metabolism. Our results describe the first gain of function mutations for hGLUT2, revealing the importance of its receptor versus transporter function in pancreatic β cell development and insulin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélien Michau
- From the INSERM UMRS872, Cordeliers Research Center, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75006 Paris, France
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Mokhtari D, Al-Amin A, Turpaev K, Li T, Idevall-Hagren O, Li J, Wuttke A, Fred RG, Ravassard P, Scharfmann R, Tengholm A, Welsh N. Imatinib mesilate-induced phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signalling and improved survival in insulin-producing cells: role of Src homology 2-containing inositol 5'-phosphatase interaction with c-Abl. Diabetologia 2013; 56:1327-38. [PMID: 23462796 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-013-2868-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS It is not clear how small tyrosine kinase inhibitors, such as imatinib mesilate, protect against diabetes and beta cell death. The aim of this study was to determine whether imatinib, as compared with the non-cAbl-inhibitor sunitinib, affects pro-survival signalling events in the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway. METHODS Human EndoC-βH1 cells, murine beta TC-6 cells and human pancreatic islets were used for immunoblot analysis of insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1, Akt and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation. Phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate [PI(3,4,5)P3] plasma membrane concentrations were assessed in EndoC-βH1 and MIN6 cells using evanescent wave microscopy. Src homology 2-containing inositol 5'-phosphatase 2 (SHIP2) tyrosine phosphorylation and phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) serine phosphorylation, as well as c-Abl co-localisation with SHIP2, were studied in HEK293 and EndoC-βH1 cells by immunoprecipitation and immunoblot analysis. Gene expression was assessed using RT-PCR. Cell viability was measured using vital staining. RESULTS Imatinib stimulated ERK(thr202/tyr204) phosphorylation in a c-Abl-dependent manner. Imatinib, but not sunitinib, also stimulated IRS-1(tyr612), Akt(ser473) and Akt(thr308) phosphorylation. This effect was paralleled by oscillatory bursts in plasma membrane PI(3,4,5)P3 levels. Wortmannin induced a decrease in PI(3,4,5)P3 levels, which was slower in imatinib-treated cells than in control cells, indicating an effect on PI(3,4,5)P3-degrading enzymes. In line with this, imatinib decreased the phosphorylation of SHIP2 but not of PTEN. c-Abl co-immunoprecipitated with SHIP2 and its binding to SHIP2 was largely reduced by imatinib but not by sunitinib. Imatinib increased total β-catenin levels and cell viability, whereas sunitinib exerted negative effects on cell viability. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Imatinib inhibition of c-Abl in beta cells decreases SHIP2 activity, which results in enhanced signalling downstream of PI3 kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Mokhtari
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Biomedicum, PO Box 571, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
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Zertal-Zidani S, Busiah K, Edelman A, Polak M, Scharfmann R. Small-molecule inhibitors of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator increase pancreatic endocrine cell development in rat and mouse. Diabetologia 2013; 56. [PMID: 23178930 PMCID: PMC3536988 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-012-2778-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The main objective of this work was to discover new drugs that can activate the differentiation of multipotent pancreatic progenitors into endocrine cells. METHODS In vitro experiments were performed using fetal pancreatic explants from rats and mice. In this assay, we examined the actions on pancreatic cell development of glibenclamide, a sulfonylurea derivative, and glycine hydrazide (GlyH-101), a small-molecule inhibitor of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). We next tested the actions of GlyH-101 on in vivo pancreatic cell development. RESULTS Glibenclamide (10 nmol/l-100 μmol/l) did not alter the morphology or growth of the developing pancreas and exerted no deleterious effects on exocrine cell development in the pancreas. Unexpectedly, glibenclamide at its highest concentration promoted endocrine differentiation. This glibenclamide-induced promotion of the endocrine pathway could not be reproduced when other sulfonylureas were used, suggesting that glibenclamide had an off-target action. This high concentration of glibenclamide had previously been reported to inhibit CFTR. We found that the effects of glibenclamide on the developing pancreas could be mimicked both in vitro and in vivo by GlyH-101. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Collectively, we demonstrate that two small-molecule inhibitors of the CFTR, glibenclamide and GlyH-101, increase the number of pancreatic endocrine cells by increasing the size of the pool of neurogenin 3-positive endocrine progenitors in the developing pancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Zertal-Zidani
- Inserm U845, Research Center Growth and Signalling, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculty Necker, 156 Rue de Vaugirard, 75015 Paris, France
| | - K. Busiah
- Inserm U845, Research Center Growth and Signalling, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculty Necker, 156 Rue de Vaugirard, 75015 Paris, France
| | - A. Edelman
- Inserm U845, Research Center Growth and Signalling, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculty Necker, 156 Rue de Vaugirard, 75015 Paris, France
| | - M. Polak
- Inserm U845, Research Center Growth and Signalling, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculty Necker, 156 Rue de Vaugirard, 75015 Paris, France
| | - R. Scharfmann
- Inserm U845, Research Center Growth and Signalling, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculty Necker, 156 Rue de Vaugirard, 75015 Paris, France
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Bonnefond A, Sand O, Guerin B, Durand E, De Graeve F, Huyvaert M, Rachdi L, Kerr-Conte J, Pattou F, Vaxillaire M, Polak M, Scharfmann R, Czernichow P, Froguel P. GATA6 inactivating mutations are associated with heart defects and, inconsistently, with pancreatic agenesis and diabetes. Diabetologia 2012; 55:2845-2847. [PMID: 22806356 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-012-2645-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2012] [Accepted: 06/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Bonnefond
- Genomics and Metabolic Diseases, CNRS UMR8199 - Lille Institute of Biology, 1, Rue du Prof Calmette, B.P. 245, 59019, Lille Cedex, France
- Lille Nord de France University, Lille, France
| | - O Sand
- Genomics and Metabolic Diseases, CNRS UMR8199 - Lille Institute of Biology, 1, Rue du Prof Calmette, B.P. 245, 59019, Lille Cedex, France
- Lille Nord de France University, Lille, France
| | - B Guerin
- Department of Paediatrics, Hospital of Pau, Pau, France
| | - E Durand
- Genomics and Metabolic Diseases, CNRS UMR8199 - Lille Institute of Biology, 1, Rue du Prof Calmette, B.P. 245, 59019, Lille Cedex, France
- Lille Nord de France University, Lille, France
| | - F De Graeve
- Genomics and Metabolic Diseases, CNRS UMR8199 - Lille Institute of Biology, 1, Rue du Prof Calmette, B.P. 245, 59019, Lille Cedex, France
- Lille Nord de France University, Lille, France
| | - M Huyvaert
- Genomics and Metabolic Diseases, CNRS UMR8199 - Lille Institute of Biology, 1, Rue du Prof Calmette, B.P. 245, 59019, Lille Cedex, France
- Lille Nord de France University, Lille, France
| | - L Rachdi
- Inserm-U845, Research Center Growth and Signalling, Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Necker Hospital, Paris, France
| | - J Kerr-Conte
- Lille Nord de France University, Lille, France
- Inserm-U859, Lille, France
| | - F Pattou
- Lille Nord de France University, Lille, France
- Inserm-U859, Lille, France
- Department of Endocrine Surgery, Hospital of Lille, Lille, France
| | - M Vaxillaire
- Genomics and Metabolic Diseases, CNRS UMR8199 - Lille Institute of Biology, 1, Rue du Prof Calmette, B.P. 245, 59019, Lille Cedex, France
- Lille Nord de France University, Lille, France
| | - M Polak
- Inserm-U845, Research Center Growth and Signalling, Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Necker Hospital, Paris, France
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris, France
| | - R Scharfmann
- Inserm-U845, Research Center Growth and Signalling, Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Necker Hospital, Paris, France
| | - P Czernichow
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris, France
| | - P Froguel
- Genomics and Metabolic Diseases, CNRS UMR8199 - Lille Institute of Biology, 1, Rue du Prof Calmette, B.P. 245, 59019, Lille Cedex, France.
- Lille Nord de France University, Lille, France.
- Department of Genomics of Common Disease, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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Soggia A, Flosseau K, Ravassard P, Szinnai G, Scharfmann R, Guillemain G. Activation of the transcription factor carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein by glucose leads to increased pancreatic beta cell differentiation in rats. Diabetologia 2012; 55:2713-2722. [PMID: 22760788 PMCID: PMC3433661 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-012-2623-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2012] [Accepted: 05/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Pancreatic cell development is a tightly controlled process. Although information is available regarding the mesodermal signals that control pancreatic development, little is known about the role of environmental factors such as nutrients, including glucose, on pancreatic development. We previously showed that glucose and its metabolism through the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP) promote pancreatic endocrine cell differentiation. Here, we analysed the role of the transcription factor carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein (ChREBP) in this process. This transcription factor is activated by glucose, and has been recently described as a target of the HBP. METHODS We used an in vitro bioassay in which pancreatic endocrine and exocrine cells develop from rat embryonic pancreas in a way that mimics in vivo pancreatic development. Using this model, gain-of-function and loss-of-function experiments were undertaken. RESULTS ChREBP was produced in the endocrine lineage during pancreatic development, its abundance increasing with differentiation. When rat embryonic pancreases were cultured in the presence of glucose or xylitol, the production of ChREBP targets was induced. Concomitantly, beta cell differentiation was enhanced. On the other hand, when embryonic pancreases were cultured with inhibitors decreasing ChREBP activity or an adenovirus producing a dominant-negative ChREBP, beta cell differentiation was reduced, indicating that ChREBP activity was necessary for proper beta cell differentiation. Interestingly, adenovirus producing a dominant-negative ChREBP also reduced the positive effect of N-acetylglucosamine, a substrate of the HBP acting on beta cell differentiation. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our work supports the idea that glucose, through the transcription factor ChREBP, controls beta cell differentiation from pancreatic progenitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Soggia
- INSERM U845, Research Center Growth and Signalling, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Hôpital Necker, Paris, France
| | - K Flosseau
- INSERM U845, Research Center Growth and Signalling, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Hôpital Necker, Paris, France
| | - P Ravassard
- CNRS - UMR 7225, CNRS - UMR 7225 Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - G Szinnai
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - R Scharfmann
- INSERM U845, Research Center Growth and Signalling, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Hôpital Necker, Paris, France
| | - G Guillemain
- INSERM U845, Research Center Growth and Signalling, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Hôpital Necker, Paris, France.
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Ravassard P, Czernichow P, Scharfmann R. [First immortalised cell lines phenotypically and functionally equivalent to human insulin-secreting pancreatic beta cells]. Med Sci (Paris) 2012; 28:149-51. [PMID: 22377301 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2012282011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Leduque P, Aratan-Spike S, Scharfmann R, Basmaciogullari A, Czernichow P, Dubois PM. Coexistence of thyrotropin-releasing hormone and insulin in cultured fetal rat islets: a light and electron microscopic immunocytochemical study during islet neoformation. Biol Cell 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1768-322x.1989.tb00846.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Leduque P, Scharfmann R, Chayvialle JA, Aratan-Spire S, Basmaciogullari A, Czernichow P, Dubois PM. Insulin, glucagon and somatostatin in fetal rat islets maintained free-floating in culture: immunocytochemistry and radioimmunoassay. Biol Cell 2012; 74:179-85. [PMID: 1350743 DOI: 10.1016/0248-4900(92)90023-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fetal rat islets maintained free-floating in tissue culture represent a source of B-cells. Because we recently noted the occurrence of other cell types during long-term tissue culture, this in vitro model was used to examine the possible development of non B-cells. The changes in the numbers and percentages of B, A and D-cells in vitro were estimated by counting the hormone-positive cells after immunocytochemical staining. Insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin contents were determined in extracts of the cultured tissue. The experiments described here showed that the cultured islets maintained their viability over a two-week culture period, as evidenced by the increase of both the number of B-cells per islet and the DNA content per islet. During the first few days of culture, immunocytochemically stained free-floating islets indicated the presence of rare A- and D-cells at the periphery of B-cells; thereafter, numerous A- and D-cells were seen interdigitating with B-cells. Expressed per islet, the number of A- and D-cells increased during the culture; within the endocrine cell population, the percentage of these cells increased with time, at the expense of the percentage of B-cells. The glucagon and somatostatin contents of the free-floating islets were also increased. These converging observations suggest that additional non B-cells may have been produced by free-floating islets during long-term tissue culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Leduque
- CNRS URA 1454, Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Sud, Laboratoire d'Histologie-Embryologie, Oullins, France
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Abstract
Leucine (Leu) is an essential branched-chain amino acid, which activates the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway. The effect of Leu on cell differentiation during embryonic development is unknown. Here, we show that Leu supplementation during pregnancy significantly increased fetal body weight, caused fetal hyperglycemia and hypoinsulinemia, and decreased the relative islet area. We also used rat embryonic pancreatic explant culture for elucidating the mechanism of Leu action on β-cell development. We found that in the presence of Leu, differentiation of pancreatic duodenal homeobox-1-positive progenitor cells into neurogenin3-positive endocrine progenitor cells was inefficient and resulted in decreased β-cell formation. Mechanistically, Leu increases the intracellular levels of hypoxia-inducible factor 1-α, a repressor of endocrine fate in the pancreas, by activating the mTOR complex 1 signaling pathway. Collectively, our findings indicate that Leu supplementation during pregnancy could potentially increase the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus by inhibiting the differentiation of pancreatic endocrine progenitor cells during a susceptible period of fetal life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Latif Rachdi
- INSERM U845, Research Center Growth and Signaling, Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Necker Hospital, Paris, France.
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Hald J, Galbo T, Rescan C, Radzikowski L, Sprinkel AE, Heimberg H, Ahnfelt-Rønne J, Jensen J, Scharfmann R, Gradwohl G, Kaestner KH, Stoeckert C, Jensen JN, Madsen OD. Pancreatic islet and progenitor cell surface markers with cell sorting potential. Diabetologia 2012; 55:154-65. [PMID: 21947380 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-011-2295-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2011] [Accepted: 07/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The aim of the study was to identify surface bio-markers and corresponding antibody tools that can be used for the imaging and immunoisolation of the pancreatic beta cell and its progenitors. This may prove essential to obtain therapeutic grade human beta cells via stem cell differentiation. METHODS Using bioinformatics-driven data mining, we generated a gene list encoding putative plasma membrane proteins specifically expressed at distinct stages of the developing pancreas and islet beta cells. In situ hybridisation and immunohistochemistry were used to further prioritise and identify candidates. RESULTS In the developing pancreas seizure related 6 homologue like (SEZ6L2), low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 11 (LRP11), dispatched homologue 2 (Drosophila) (DISP2) and solute carrier family 30 (zinc transporter), member 8 (SLC30A8) were found to be expressed in early islet cells, whereas discoidin domain receptor tyrosine kinase 1 (DDR1) and delta/notch-like EGF repeat containing (DNER) were expressed in early pancreatic progenitors. The expression pattern of DDR1 overlaps with the early pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 (PDX1)⁺/NK6 homeobox 1 (NKX6-1)⁺ multipotent progenitor cells from embryonic day 11, whereas DNER expression in part overlaps with neurogenin 3 (NEUROG3)⁺ cells. In the adult pancreas SEZ6L2, LRP11, DISP2 and SLC30A8, but also FXYD domain containing ion transport regulator 2 (FXYD2), tetraspanin 7 (TSPAN7) and transmembrane protein 27 (TMEM27), retain an islet-specific expression, whereas DDR1 is undetectable. In contrast, DNER is expressed at low levels in peripheral mouse and human islet cells. Re-expression of DDR1 and upregulation of DNER is observed in duct-ligated pancreas. Antibodies to DNER and DISP2 have been successfully used in cell sorting. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Extracellular epitopes of SEZ6L2, LRP11, DISP2, DDR1 and DNER have been identified as useful tags by applying specific antibodies to visualise pancreatic cell types at specific stages of development. Furthermore, antibodies recognising DISP2 and DNER are suitable for FACS-mediated cell purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hald
- Department of Beta-Cell Regeneration, Hagedorn Research Institute, Niels Steensens Vej 1, 2820 Gentofte, Denmark
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Lenoir O, Flosseau K, Ma FX, Blondeau B, Mai A, Bassel-Duby R, Ravassard P, Olson EN, Haumaitre C, Scharfmann R. Specific control of pancreatic endocrine β- and δ-cell mass by class IIa histone deacetylases HDAC4, HDAC5, and HDAC9. Diabetes 2011; 60:2861-71. [PMID: 21953612 PMCID: PMC3198089 DOI: 10.2337/db11-0440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Class IIa histone deacetylases (HDACs) belong to a large family of enzymes involved in protein deacetylation and play a role in regulating gene expression and cell differentiation. Previously, we showed that HDAC inhibitors modify the timing and determination of pancreatic cell fate. The aim of this study was to determine the role of class IIa HDACs in pancreas development. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We took a genetic approach and analyzed the pancreatic phenotype of mice lacking HDAC4, -5, and -9. We also developed a novel method of lentiviral infection of pancreatic explants and performed gain-of-function experiments. RESULTS We show that class IIa HDAC4, -5, and -9 have an unexpected restricted expression in the endocrine β- and δ-cells of the pancreas. Analyses of the pancreas of class IIa HDAC mutant mice revealed an increased pool of insulin-producing β-cells in Hdac5(-/-) and Hdac9(-/-) mice and an increased pool of somatostatin-producing δ-cells in Hdac4(-/-) and Hdac5(-/-) mice. Conversely, HDAC4 and HDAC5 overexpression showed a decreased pool of insulin-producing β-cells and somatostatin-producing δ-cells. Finally, treatment of pancreatic explants with the selective class IIa HDAC inhibitor MC1568 enhances expression of Pax4, a key factor required for proper β-and δ-cell differentiation and amplifies endocrine β- and δ-cells. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that HDAC4, -5, and -9 are key regulators to control the pancreatic β/δ-cell lineage. These results highlight the epigenetic mechanisms underlying the regulation of endocrine cell development and suggest new strategies for β-cell differentiation-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Lenoir
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U845, Research Center Growth and Signalling, Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Necker Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Kathleen Flosseau
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U845, Research Center Growth and Signalling, Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Necker Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Feng Xia Ma
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U845, Research Center Growth and Signalling, Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Necker Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Bertrand Blondeau
- INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR)-S 872, Cordeliers Research Center, Paris, France
| | - Antonello Mai
- Pasteur Institute-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Rhonda Bassel-Duby
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Philippe Ravassard
- Institute of Brain and Spinal Cord Research Center, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7225, INSERM UMR-S 975, Pierre and Marie Curie University, Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Eric N. Olson
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Cécile Haumaitre
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U845, Research Center Growth and Signalling, Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Necker Hospital, Paris, France
- Corresponding author: Cécile Haumaitre, , or Raphaël Scharfmann,
| | - Raphaël Scharfmann
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U845, Research Center Growth and Signalling, Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Necker Hospital, Paris, France
- Corresponding author: Cécile Haumaitre, , or Raphaël Scharfmann,
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Bonnefond A, Lomberk G, Buttar N, Busiah K, Vaillant E, Lobbens S, Yengo L, Dechaume A, Mignot B, Simon A, Scharfmann R, Neve B, Tanyolaç S, Hodoglugil U, Pattou F, Cavé H, Iovanna J, Stein R, Polak M, Vaxillaire M, Froguel P, Urrutia R. Disruption of a novel Kruppel-like transcription factor p300-regulated pathway for insulin biosynthesis revealed by studies of the c.-331 INS mutation found in neonatal diabetes mellitus. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:28414-24. [PMID: 21592955 PMCID: PMC3151084 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.215822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Krüppel-like transcription factors (KLFs) have elicited significant attention because of their regulation of essential biochemical pathways and, more recently, because of their fundamental role in the mechanisms of human diseases. Neonatal diabetes mellitus is a monogenic disorder with primary alterations in insulin secretion. We here describe a key biochemical mechanism that underlies neonatal diabetes mellitus insulin biosynthesis impairment, namely a homozygous mutation within the insulin gene (INS) promoter, c.-331C>G, which affects a novel KLF-binding site. The combination of careful expression profiling, electromobility shift assays, reporter experiments, and chromatin immunoprecipitation demonstrates that, among 16 different KLF proteins tested, KLF11 is the most reliable activator of this site. Congruently, the c.-331C>G INS mutation fails to bind KLF11, thus inhibiting activation by this transcription factor. Klf11−/− mice recapitulate the disruption in insulin production and blood levels observed in patients. Thus, these data demonstrate an important role for KLF11 in the regulation of INS transcription via the novel c.-331 KLF site. Lastly, our screening data raised the possibility that other members of the KLF family may also regulate this promoter under distinct, yet unidentified, cellular contexts. Collectively, this study underscores a key role for KLF proteins in biochemical mechanisms of human diseases, in particular, early infancy onset diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Bonnefond
- CNRS-UMR-8199, Lille Pasteur Institute, Lille Nord de France University, F-59800 Lille, France
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Hochberg Z, Feil R, Constancia M, Fraga M, Junien C, Carel JC, Boileau P, Le Bouc Y, Deal CL, Lillycrop K, Scharfmann R, Sheppard A, Skinner M, Szyf M, Waterland RA, Waxman DJ, Whitelaw E, Ong K, Albertsson-Wikland K. Child health, developmental plasticity, and epigenetic programming. Endocr Rev 2011; 32:159-224. [PMID: 20971919 PMCID: PMC3365792 DOI: 10.1210/er.2009-0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 401] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2009] [Accepted: 08/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Plasticity in developmental programming has evolved in order to provide the best chances of survival and reproductive success to the organism under changing environments. Environmental conditions that are experienced in early life can profoundly influence human biology and long-term health. Developmental origins of health and disease and life-history transitions are purported to use placental, nutritional, and endocrine cues for setting long-term biological, mental, and behavioral strategies in response to local ecological and/or social conditions. The window of developmental plasticity extends from preconception to early childhood and involves epigenetic responses to environmental changes, which exert their effects during life-history phase transitions. These epigenetic responses influence development, cell- and tissue-specific gene expression, and sexual dimorphism, and, in exceptional cases, could be transmitted transgenerationally. Translational epigenetic research in child health is a reiterative process that ranges from research in the basic sciences, preclinical research, and pediatric clinical research. Identifying the epigenetic consequences of fetal programming creates potential applications in clinical practice: the development of epigenetic biomarkers for early diagnosis of disease, the ability to identify susceptible individuals at risk for adult diseases, and the development of novel preventive and curative measures that are based on diet and/or novel epigenetic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Hochberg
- Rambam Medical Center, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
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da Silva Xavier G, Farhan H, Kim H, Caxaria S, Johnson P, Hughes S, Bugliani M, Marselli L, Marchetti P, Birzele F, Sun G, Scharfmann R, Rutter J, Siniakowicz K, Weir G, Parker H, Reimann F, Gribble FM, Rutter GA. Per-arnt-sim (PAS) domain-containing protein kinase is downregulated in human islets in type 2 diabetes and regulates glucagon secretion. Diabetologia 2011; 54:819-27. [PMID: 21181396 PMCID: PMC3052475 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-010-2010-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2010] [Accepted: 11/12/2010] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS We assessed whether per-arnt-sim (PAS) domain-containing protein kinase (PASK) is involved in the regulation of glucagon secretion. METHODS mRNA levels were measured in islets by quantitative PCR and in pancreatic beta cells obtained by laser capture microdissection. Glucose tolerance, plasma hormone levels and islet hormone secretion were analysed in C57BL/6 Pask homozygote knockout mice (Pask-/-) and control littermates. Alpha-TC1-9 cells, human islets or cultured E13.5 rat pancreatic epithelia were transduced with anti-Pask or control small interfering RNAs, or with adenoviruses encoding enhanced green fluorescent protein or PASK. RESULTS PASK expression was significantly lower in islets from human type 2 diabetic than control participants. PASK mRNA was present in alpha and beta cells from mouse islets. In Pask-/- mice, fasted blood glucose and plasma glucagon levels were 25 ± 5% and 50 ± 8% (mean ± SE) higher, respectively, than in control mice. At inhibitory glucose concentrations (10 mmol/l), islets from Pask-/- mice secreted 2.04 ± 0.2-fold (p < 0.01) more glucagon and 2.63 ± 0.3-fold (p < 0.01) less insulin than wild-type islets. Glucose failed to inhibit glucagon secretion from PASK-depleted alpha-TC1-9 cells, whereas PASK overexpression inhibited glucagon secretion from these cells and human islets. Extracellular insulin (20 nmol/l) inhibited glucagon secretion from control and PASK-deficient alpha-TC1-9 cells. PASK-depleted alpha-TC1-9 cells and pancreatic embryonic explants displayed increased expression of the preproglucagon (Gcg) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-alpha2 (Prkaa2) genes, implying a possible role for AMPK-alpha2 downstream of PASK in the control of glucagon gene expression and release. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION PASK is involved in the regulation of glucagon secretion by glucose and may be a useful target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. da Silva Xavier
- Section of Cell Biology, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ UK
| | - H. Farhan
- Section of Cell Biology, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ UK
| | - H. Kim
- Section of Cell Biology, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ UK
| | - S. Caxaria
- Section of Cell Biology, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ UK
| | - P. Johnson
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - S. Hughes
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - M. Bugliani
- Dipartimento di Endocrinologia e Metabolismo, Unità Metabolica, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - L. Marselli
- Dipartimento di Endocrinologia e Metabolismo, Unità Metabolica, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - P. Marchetti
- Dipartimento di Endocrinologia e Metabolismo, Unità Metabolica, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - F. Birzele
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma, Target Discovery Research, Ingelheim, Germany
| | - G. Sun
- Section of Cell Biology, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ UK
| | - R. Scharfmann
- INSERM U845, Centre de Recherche Croissance et Signalisation, Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine, Hôpital Necker, Paris, France
| | - J. Rutter
- Division of Endocrinology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake, UT USA
| | - K. Siniakowicz
- Section on Islet Transplantation and Cell Biology, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center and the Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - G. Weir
- Section on Islet Transplantation and Cell Biology, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center and the Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - H. Parker
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - F. Reimann
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - F. M. Gribble
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - G. A. Rutter
- Section of Cell Biology, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ UK
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Abstract
Pancreatic exocrine and endocrine cells develop during embryonic life from endodermal progenitors. This process depends on activation of a hierarchy of transcription factors. Although information is available regarding the mesodermal signals controlling pancreas development, little is known about the role of environmental factors such as nutrients, including glucose, that also may impact development. Previously, we showed that glucose plays an important and specific role in beta cell development by activating the transition of Neurogenin3-positive endocrine progenitors into beta cells. Here, we examined the implication of glucose metabolism and more precisely the role of the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP) to understand the mechanisms by which glucose regulates beta cell development. We have established an in vitro model of endocrine and exocrine cells development from embryonic day 13.5 rat pancreases in a manner that replicates in vivo pancreas development perfectly. Using this model, we tested the effect of selective inhibitors and activators of the HBP and found that the HBP has a modest effect on cell proliferation and exocrine cell differentiation. On the other hand, beta cell development is tightly controlled by the HBP. Specifically, HBP activators increase beta cell development, whereas inhibitors repress such development. Importantly, both the HBP and glucose control the same steps in beta cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaëlle Filhoulaud
- INSERM U845, Centre de Recherche Croissance et Signalisation, Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine, Hôpital Necker, 75015 Paris, France
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47
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Haumaitre C, Lenoir O, Scharfmann R. Directing cell differentiation with small-molecule histone deacetylase inhibitors: the example of promoting pancreatic endocrine cells. Cell Cycle 2009; 8:536-44. [PMID: 19197155 DOI: 10.4161/cc.8.4.7610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Genes in the mammalian genome contain information necessary to build an organism during development. Epigenetic processes add a further degree of complexity. These mechanisms of temporal and spatial control of gene activity during the development of complex organisms modulate gene expression patterns without modifying the DNA sequence. Post-translational modifications of histones such as acetylation bestow the ability to modify genomic signals. Determining whether epigenetic changes are responsible for particular phenotypes is thus crucial to understand organ development. Here we review the role of histone deacetylase enzymes (HDACs) in guiding lineage commitment and driving cell differentiation, as well as their pharmacological manipulation using small-molecule HDAC inhibitors in various differentiation programs. In particular, we focus on the pancreas as we recently discovered that deacetylase inhibition favors generation of endocrine pancreatic cells. We also discuss the potential application of HDAC inhibitors for disease treatment, with particular emphasis on diabetes therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Haumaitre
- INSERM U845, Centre de Recherche Croissance et Signalisation, Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France.
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48
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Abstract
Understanding in detail how pancreatic endocrine cells develop is important for many reasons. From a scientific point of view, elucidation of such a complex process is a major challenge. From a more applied point of view, this may help us to better understand and treat specific forms of diabetes. Although a variety of therapeutic approaches are well validated, no cure for diabetes is available. Many arguments indicate that the development of new strategies to cure diabetic patients will require precise understanding of the way beta-cells form during development. This is obvious for a future cell therapy using beta-cells produced from embryonic stem cells. This also holds true for therapeutic approaches based on regenerative medicine. In this review, we summarize our current knowledge concerning pancreatic development and focus on the role of extracellular signals implicated in beta-cell development from pancreatic progenitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Scharfmann
- INSERM U845, Research Center Growth and Signaling, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.
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49
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Fontanière S, Duvillié B, Scharfmann R, Carreira C, Wang ZQ, Zhang CX. Tumour suppressor menin is essential for development of the pancreatic endocrine cells. J Endocrinol 2008; 199:287-98. [PMID: 18772165 DOI: 10.1677/joe-08-0289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Mutations of the multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) gene predispose patients to MEN1 that affects mainly endocrine tissues, suggesting important physiological functions of the gene in adult endocrine cells. Homozygous disruption of Men1 in mice causes embryonic lethality, whereas the eventual involvement of the gene in embryonic development of the endocrine cells remains unknown. Here, we show that homozygous Men1 knockout mice demonstrate a reduced number of glucagon-positive cells in the E12.5 pancreatic bud associated with apoptosis, whereas the exocrine pancreas development in these mice is not affected. Our data suggest that menin is involved in the survival of the early pancreatic endocrine cells during the first developmental transition. Furthermore, chimerism assay revealed that menin has an autonomous and specific effect on the development of islet cells. In addition, using pancreatic bud culture mimicking the differentiation of alpha- and beta-cells during the second transition, we show that loss of menin leads to the failure of endocrine cell development, altered pancreatic structure and a markedly decreased number of cells expressing neurogenin 3, indicating that menin is also required at this stage of the endocrine pancreas development. Taken together, our results suggest that menin plays an indispensable role in the development of the pancreatic endocrine cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Fontanière
- CNRS UMR2501, Laboratoire Génétique Moléculaire, Signalisation et Cancer, Université Claude Bernard Lyon, Lyon F-69008, France
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