1
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Staerz SD, Anamoah C, Tepe JJ. 20S proteasome enhancers prevent cytotoxic tubulin polymerization-promoting protein induced α-synuclein aggregation. iScience 2024; 27:110166. [PMID: 38974969 PMCID: PMC11225362 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Synucleinopathies are a class of neurodegenerative diseases defined by the presence of α-synuclein inclusions. The location and composition of these α-synuclein inclusions directly correlate to the disease pattern. The inclusions in Multiple System Atrophy are located predominantly in oligodendrocytes and are rich in a second protein, p25α. P25α plays a key role in neuronal myelination by oligodendrocytes. In healthy oligodendrocytes, there is little to no α-synuclein present. If aberrant α-synuclein is present, p25α leaves the myelin sheaths and quickly co-aggregates with α-synuclein, resulting in the disruption of the cellular process and ultimately cell death. Herein, we report that p25α is susceptible for 20S proteasome-mediated degradation and that p25α induces α-synuclein aggregation, resulting in proteasome impairment and cell death. In addition, we identified small molecules 20S proteasome enhancers that prevent p25α induced α-synuclein fibrilization, restore proteasome impairment, and enhance cell viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia D. Staerz
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Charles Anamoah
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Jetze J. Tepe
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
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2
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Chia R, Ray A, Shah Z, Ding J, Ruffo P, Fujita M, Menon V, Saez-Atienzar S, Reho P, Kaivola K, Walton RL, Reynolds RH, Karra R, Sait S, Akcimen F, Diez-Fairen M, Alvarez I, Fanciulli A, Stefanova N, Seppi K, Duerr S, Leys F, Krismer F, Sidoroff V, Zimprich A, Pirker W, Rascol O, Foubert-Samier A, Meissner WG, Tison F, Pavy-Le Traon A, Pellecchia MT, Barone P, Russillo MC, Marín-Lahoz J, Kulisevsky J, Torres S, Mir P, Periñán MT, Proukakis C, Chelban V, Wu L, Goh YY, Parkkinen L, Hu MT, Kobylecki C, Saxon JA, Rollinson S, Garland E, Biaggioni I, Litvan I, Rubio I, Alcalay RN, Kwei KT, Lubbe SJ, Mao Q, Flanagan ME, Castellani RJ, Khurana V, Ndayisaba A, Calvo A, Mora G, Canosa A, Floris G, Bohannan RC, Moore A, Norcliffe-Kaufmann L, Palma JA, Kaufmann H, Kim C, Iba M, Masliah E, Dawson TM, Rosenthal LS, Pantelyat A, Albert MS, Pletnikova O, Troncoso JC, Infante J, Lage C, Sánchez-Juan P, Serrano GE, Beach TG, Pastor P, Morris HR, Albani D, Clarimon J, Wenning GK, Hardy JA, Ryten M, Topol E, Torkamani A, Chiò A, Bennett DA, De Jager PL, Low PA, Singer W, Cheshire WP, Wszolek ZK, Dickson DW, Traynor BJ, Gibbs JR, Dalgard CL, Ross OA, Houlden H, Scholz SW. Genome sequence analyses identify novel risk loci for multiple system atrophy. Neuron 2024; 112:2142-2156.e5. [PMID: 38701790 PMCID: PMC11223971 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2024.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is an adult-onset, sporadic synucleinopathy characterized by parkinsonism, cerebellar ataxia, and dysautonomia. The genetic architecture of MSA is poorly understood, and treatments are limited to supportive measures. Here, we performed a comprehensive analysis of whole genome sequence data from 888 European-ancestry MSA cases and 7,128 controls to systematically investigate the genetic underpinnings of this understudied neurodegenerative disease. We identified four significantly associated risk loci using a genome-wide association study approach. Transcriptome-wide association analyses prioritized USP38-DT, KCTD7, and lnc-KCTD7-2 as novel susceptibility genes for MSA within these loci, and single-nucleus RNA sequence analysis found that the associated variants acted as cis-expression quantitative trait loci for multiple genes across neuronal and glial cell types. In conclusion, this study highlights the role of genetic determinants in the pathogenesis of MSA, and the publicly available data from this study represent a valuable resource for investigating synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Chia
- Neuromuscular Diseases Research Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anindita Ray
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Zalak Shah
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jinhui Ding
- Computational Biology Group, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Paola Ruffo
- Neuromuscular Diseases Research Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA; Medical Genetics Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Masashi Fujita
- Center for Translational & Computational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center and the Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, New York, NY, USA
| | - Vilas Menon
- Center for Translational & Computational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center and the Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sara Saez-Atienzar
- Neuromuscular Diseases Research Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Paolo Reho
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Karri Kaivola
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ronald L Walton
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Regina H Reynolds
- NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, University College London, London, UK; Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, Genetics and Genomic Medicine, University College London, London, UK; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ramita Karra
- Neuromuscular Diseases Research Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Shaimaa Sait
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Fulya Akcimen
- Neuromuscular Diseases Research Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Monica Diez-Fairen
- Memory and Movement Disorders Units, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Mutua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ignacio Alvarez
- Memory and Movement Disorders Units, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Mutua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Nadia Stefanova
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Klaus Seppi
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Susanne Duerr
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Fabian Leys
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Florian Krismer
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Victoria Sidoroff
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Walter Pirker
- Department of Neurology, Klinik Ottakring - Wilhelminenspital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Olivier Rascol
- MSA French Reference Center and CIC-1436, Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Alexandra Foubert-Samier
- Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, French Reference Center for MSA, NS-Park/FCRIN Network, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Wassilios G Meissner
- Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, French Reference Center for MSA, NS-Park/FCRIN Network, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; University of Bordeaux, CNRS, IMN, UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France; Department of Medicine, University of Otago, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - François Tison
- Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, French Reference Center for MSA, NS-Park/FCRIN Network, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; University of Bordeaux, CNRS, IMN, UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France
| | - Anne Pavy-Le Traon
- French Reference Center for MSA, Department of Neurosciences, Centre d'Investigation Clinique de Toulouse CIC1436, UMR 1048, Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases (I2MC), University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, Toulouse, France
| | - Maria Teresa Pellecchia
- Neuroscience Section, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Paolo Barone
- Neuroscience Section, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Maria Claudia Russillo
- Neuroscience Section, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Juan Marín-Lahoz
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Centro de Investigación en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jaime Kulisevsky
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Centro de Investigación en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Soraya Torres
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Centro de Investigación en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pablo Mir
- Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología Clínica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Medicina Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Maria Teresa Periñán
- Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología Clínica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain; Centre for Preventive Neurology, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University, London, UK
| | - Christos Proukakis
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Viorica Chelban
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK; The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Lesley Wu
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Yee Y Goh
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Laura Parkkinen
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Michele T Hu
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Christopher Kobylecki
- Department of Neurology, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Jennifer A Saxon
- Cerebral Function Unit, Manchester Centre for Clinical Neurosciences, Salfort, UK; Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Sara Rollinson
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Emily Garland
- Autonomic Dysfunction Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Italo Biaggioni
- Autonomic Dysfunction Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Irene Litvan
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Ileana Rubio
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Roy N Alcalay
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Neurological Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Kimberly T Kwei
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Steven J Lubbe
- Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology and Simpson Querrey Center for Neurogenetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Qinwen Mao
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Margaret E Flanagan
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA; Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA; Department of Pathology, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Rudolph J Castellani
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Vikram Khurana
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Disease, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Alain Ndayisaba
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Disease, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrea Calvo
- "Rita Levi Montalcini" Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Gabriele Mora
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Canosa
- "Rita Levi Montalcini" Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Gianluca Floris
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Ryan C Bohannan
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Anni Moore
- Computational Biology Group, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Jose-Alberto Palma
- Department of Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Horacio Kaufmann
- Department of Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Changyoun Kim
- Molecular Neuropathology Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michiyo Iba
- Molecular Neuropathology Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Eliezer Masliah
- Molecular Neuropathology Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ted M Dawson
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA; Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute of Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Science, Johns Hopkins University Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA; Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Liana S Rosenthal
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alexander Pantelyat
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Marilyn S Albert
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Olga Pletnikova
- Department of Pathology (Neuropathology), Johns Hopkins University Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Juan C Troncoso
- Department of Pathology (Neuropathology), Johns Hopkins University Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jon Infante
- Neurology Service, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla-IDIVAL-UC-CIBERNED, Santander, Spain
| | - Carmen Lage
- Neurology Service, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla-IDIVAL-UC-CIBERNED, Santander, Spain
| | - Pascual Sánchez-Juan
- Neurology Service, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla-IDIVAL-UC-CIBERNED, Santander, Spain; Alzheimer's Centre Reina Sofia-CIEN Foundation-ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Geidy E Serrano
- Civin Laboratory for Neuropathology, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ, USA
| | - Thomas G Beach
- Civin Laboratory for Neuropathology, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ, USA
| | - Pau Pastor
- Genomics and Transcriptomics of Synucleinopathies, Neurosciences, The Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain; Unit of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Huw R Morris
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neuroscience, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Diego Albani
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Jordi Clarimon
- Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; The Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gregor K Wenning
- Autonomic Unit - Division of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - John A Hardy
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute of UCL, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Reta Lila Weston Institute, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; UCL Movement Disorders Centre, University College London, London, UK; Institute for Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Mina Ryten
- NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, University College London, London, UK; Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, Genetics and Genomic Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Eric Topol
- Scripps Research Translational Institute, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ali Torkamani
- Scripps Research Translational Institute, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Adriano Chiò
- "Rita Levi Montalcini" Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, C.N.R., Rome, Italy; Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Philip L De Jager
- Center for Translational & Computational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center and the Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, New York, NY, USA
| | - Philip A Low
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Bryan J Traynor
- Neuromuscular Diseases Research Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA; RNA Therapeutics Laboratory, Therapeutics Development Branch, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - J Raphael Gibbs
- Computational Biology Group, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Clifton L Dalgard
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Owen A Ross
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA; Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Henry Houlden
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK; The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Sonja W Scholz
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, USA; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Soto C. α-Synuclein seed amplification technology for Parkinson's disease and related synucleinopathies. Trends Biotechnol 2024; 42:829-841. [PMID: 38395703 PMCID: PMC11223967 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2024.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Synucleinopathies are a group of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) associated with cerebral accumulation of α-synuclein (αSyn) misfolded aggregates. At this time, there is no effective treatment to stop or slow down disease progression, which in part is due to the lack of an early and objective biochemical diagnosis. In the past 5 years, the seed amplification technology has emerged for highly sensitive identification of these diseases, even at the preclinical stage of the illness. Much research has been done in multiple laboratories to validate the efficacy and reproducibility of this assay. This article provides a comprehensive review of this technology, including its conceptual basis and its multiple applications for disease diagnosis, as well for understanding of the disease biology and therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Soto
- Mitchell Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Brain Disorders, Department of Neurology, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX77030, USA.
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4
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Woerman AL, Bartz JC. Effect of host and strain factors on α-synuclein prion pathogenesis. Trends Neurosci 2024; 47:538-550. [PMID: 38806297 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2024.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Prion diseases are a group of neurodegenerative disorders caused by misfolding of proteins into pathogenic conformations that self-template to spread disease. Although this mechanism is largely associated with the prion protein (PrP) in classical prion diseases, a growing literature indicates that other proteins, including α-synuclein, rely on a similar disease mechanism. Notably, α-synuclein misfolds into distinct conformations, or strains, that cause discrete clinical disorders including multiple system atrophy (MSA) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Because the recognized similarities between PrP and α-synuclein are increasing, this review article draws from research on PrP to identify the host and strain factors that impact disease pathogenesis, predominantly in rodent models, and focuses on key considerations for future research on α-synuclein prions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Woerman
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Prion Research Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
| | - Jason C Bartz
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Prion Research Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA; Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA.
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5
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Sian-Hulsmann J, Riederer P. The 'α-synucleinopathy syndicate': multiple system atrophy and Parkinson's disease. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2024; 131:585-595. [PMID: 37227594 PMCID: PMC11192696 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-023-02653-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Multiple System Atrophy (MSA) and Parkinson's diseases (PD) are elite members of the α-synucleinopathy organization. Aberrant accumulations of the protein α-synuclein characterize them. A plethora of evidence indicates the involvement of these rogue inclusions in a cascade of events that disturb cellular homeostasis resulting in neuronal dysfunction. These two neurodegenerative diseases share many features both clinically and pathologically. Cytotoxic processes commonly induced by reactive free radical species have been associated with oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, frequently reported in both diseases. However, it appears they have characteristic and distinct α-synuclein inclusions. It is glial cytoplasmic inclusions in the case of MSA while Lewy bodies manifest in PD. This is probably related to the etiology of the illness. At present, precise mechanism(s) underlying the characteristic configuration of neurodegeneration are unclear. Furthermore, the "prion-like" transmission from cell to cell prompts the suggestion that perhaps these α-synucleinopathies are prion-like diseases. The possibility of some underlying genetic foul play remains controversial. But as major culprits of pathological processes or even single triggers of PD and MSA are the same-like oxidative stress, iron-induced pathology, mitochondriopathy, loss of respiratory activity, loss of proteasomal function, microglial activation, neuroinflammation-it is not farfetched to assume that in sporadic PD and also in MSA a variety of combinations of susceptibility genes contribute to the regional specificity of pathological onset. These players of pathology, as mentioned above, in a synergistic combination, are responsible for driving the progression of PD, MSA and other neurodegenerative disorders. Elucidating the triggers and progression factors is vital for advocating disease modification or halting its progression in both, MSA and PD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter Riederer
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Center of Mental Health, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Southern Denmark Odense, J.B. Winslows Vey 18, 5000, Odense, Denmark.
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Ishimoto T, Oono M, Kaji S, Ayaki T, Nishida K, Funakawa I, Maki T, Matsuzawa SI, Takahashi R, Yamakado H. A novel mouse model for investigating α-synuclein aggregates in oligodendrocytes: implications for the glial cytoplasmic inclusions in multiple system atrophy. Mol Brain 2024; 17:28. [PMID: 38790036 PMCID: PMC11127389 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-024-01104-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The aggregated alpha-synuclein (αsyn) in oligodendrocytes (OLGs) is one of the pathological hallmarks in multiple system atrophy (MSA). We have previously reported that αsyn accumulates not only in neurons but also in OLGs long after the administration of αsyn preformed fibrils (PFFs) in mice. However, detailed spatial and temporal analysis of oligodendroglial αsyn aggregates was technically difficult due to the background neuronal αsyn aggregates. The aim of this study is to create a novel mouse that easily enables sensitive and specific detection of αsyn aggregates in OLGs and the comparable analysis of the cellular tropism of αsyn aggregates in MSA brains. To this end, we generated transgenic (Tg) mice expressing human αsyn-green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion proteins in OLGs under the control of the 2', 3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase (CNP) promoter (CNP-SNCAGFP Tg mice). Injection of αsyn PFFs in these mice induced distinct GFP-positive aggregates in the processes of OLGs as early as one month post-inoculation (mpi), and their number and size increased in a centripetal manner. Moreover, MSA-brain homogenates (BH) induced significantly more oligodendroglial αsyn aggregates than neuronal αsyn aggregates compared to DLB-BH in CNP-SNCAGFP Tg mice, suggestive of their potential tropism of αsyn seeds for OLGs. In conclusion, CNP-SNCAGFP Tg mice are useful for studying the development and tropism of αsyn aggregates in OLGs and could contribute to the development of therapeutics targeting αsyn aggregates in OLGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Ishimoto
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-Kawahara-Cho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Miki Oono
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-Kawahara-Cho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Seiji Kaji
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-Kawahara-Cho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Takashi Ayaki
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-Kawahara-Cho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Katsuya Nishida
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Hyogo-Chuo National Hospital, 1314 Ohara, Sanda, 669-1592, Japan
| | - Itaru Funakawa
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Hyogo-Chuo National Hospital, 1314 Ohara, Sanda, 669-1592, Japan
| | - Takakuni Maki
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-Kawahara-Cho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Shu-Ichi Matsuzawa
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-Kawahara-Cho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-Kawahara-Cho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Hodaka Yamakado
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-Kawahara-Cho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
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7
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Dahlén T, Zhao J, Busch MP, Edgren G. Using routine health-care data to search for unknown transfusion-transmitted disease: a nationwide, agnostic retrospective cohort study. Lancet Digit Health 2024; 6:e105-e113. [PMID: 38278613 DOI: 10.1016/s2589-7500(23)00228-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identification and prevention of transfusion-transmitted disease is essential for blood transfusion safety. However, current surveillance systems are largely driven by reports of sentinel events, which is an approach that might be inadequate for identifying transmission of pathogens not known to be transmissible or pathogens with long incubation periods. Using a combination of health-data registers and blood-bank databases, we aimed to perform an agnostic search for potential transfusion-transmitted diseases and to identify unknown threats to the blood supply. METHODS In this nationwide, agnostic retrospective cohort study, we developed a systematic algorithm for performing a phenome-wide search for transfusion-transmitted disease without consideration of any a-priori suspicion of blood-borne transmissibility. We applied this algorithm to a nationwide Swedish transfusion database (SCANDAT-3S) to test for possible transmission of 1155 disease entities based on all relevant diagnostic coding systems in use during the period. We ascertained health outcomes of blood donors and transfusion recipients from the Swedish National Inpatient Register, Swedish Cause of Death Register, and Swedish Cancer Register. Analyses were two-pronged, studying both disease diagnosis concordance between donors and recipients and a possible shared increased disease risk among all recipients of a given donor. For both approaches, we used Cox proportional hazards regression models with time-dependent covariates. Adjustment for multiple comparisons was done using a false discovery rate method. FINDINGS The analyses included data on 1·72 million patients who had received 18·97 million transfusions (red blood cell, plasma, platelet, or whole blood units) between Jan 1, 1968, and Dec 31, 2017, from 1·04 million blood donors. The median follow-up was 4·5 (IQR 0·9-11·4) years for recipients and 18·5 (8·3-26·2) years for donors. We found evidence of transfusion-transmission for 15 diseases, of which 13 were validated using a second conceptually different approach. We identified transmission of viral hepatitis and its complications (eg, oesophageal varices) but also transmission of other conditions (eg, pneumonia of unknown origin). The diseases that could not be validated in this second approach, HIV and abnormal findings in specimens from male genital organs, were not statistically significant after adjustment for multiple testing. The effect sizes were small (close to 1) for other conditions. INTERPRETATION We find no strong evidence of unexpected, widespread transfusion-transmitted disease. This novel approach serves as a proof-of-concept for agnostic, data-driven surveillance for transfusion-transmitted disease using routinely collected blood-bank and health-care data. FUNDING Department of Health and Human Services, US National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, US National Institutes of Health, Swedish Research Council and Region Stockholm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Dahlén
- Department of Medicine, Clinical Epidemiology Division, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Haematology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jingcheng Zhao
- Department of Medicine, Clinical Epidemiology Division, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michael P Busch
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Gustaf Edgren
- Department of Medicine, Clinical Epidemiology Division, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Cardiology, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden.
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8
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Melki R. Disease Mechanisms of Multiple System Atrophy: What a Parallel Between the Form of Pasta and the Alpha-Synuclein Assemblies Involved in MSA and PD Tells Us. CEREBELLUM (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2024; 23:13-21. [PMID: 35657577 PMCID: PMC10864476 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-022-01417-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular deposits rich in aggregated alpha-synuclein that appear within the central nervous system are intimately associated to Parkinson's disease and multiple system atrophy. While it is understandable that the aggregation of proteins, which share no primary structure identity, such as alpha-synuclein and tau protein, leads to different diseases, that of a given protein yielding distinct pathologies is counterintuitive. This short review relates molecular and mechanistic processes to the observed pathological diversity associated to alpha-synuclein aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Melki
- Institut Francois Jacob (MIRCen), CEA and Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, CNRS, 18 Route du Panorama, 92265, Fontenay-Aux-Roses, France.
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9
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Prymaczok NC, De Francesco PN, Mazzetti S, Humbert-Claude M, Tenenbaum L, Cappelletti G, Masliah E, Perello M, Riek R, Gerez JA. Cell-to-cell transmitted alpha-synuclein recapitulates experimental Parkinson's disease. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2024; 10:10. [PMID: 38184623 PMCID: PMC10771530 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-023-00618-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is characterized by a progressive accumulation of alpha-Synuclein (αSyn) neuronal inclusions called Lewy bodies in the nervous system. Lewy bodies can arise from the cell-to-cell propagation of αSyn, which can occur via sequential steps of secretion and uptake. Here, by fusing a removable short signal peptide to the N-terminus of αSyn, we developed a novel mouse model with enhanced αSyn secretion and cell-to-cell transmission. Expression of the secreted αSyn in the mouse brain was under the control of a novel hybrid promoter in combination with adeno-associated virus serotype 9 (AAV9). This combination of promoter and viral vector induced a robust expression in neurons but not in the glia of injected mice. Biochemical characterization of the secreted αSyn revealed that, in cultured cells, this protein is released to the extracellular milieu via conventional secretion. The released αSyn is then internalized and processed by acceptor cells via the endosome-lysosome pathway indicating that the secreted αSyn is cell-to-cell transmitted. The secreted αSyn is aggregation-prone and amyloidogenic, and when expressed in the brain of wild-type non-transgenic mice, it induces a Parkinson's disease-like phenotype that includes a robust αSyn pathology in the substantia nigra, neuronal loss, neuroinflammation, and motor deficits, all the key features of experimental animal models of Parkinson's disease. In summary, a novel animal model of Parkinson's disease based on enhanced cell-to-cell transmission of αSyn was developed. The neuron-produced cell-to-cell transmitted αSyn triggers all phenotypic features of experimental Parkinson's disease in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Cecilia Prymaczok
- Institute of Molecular Physical Science, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pablo Nicolas De Francesco
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology of the Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology (IMBICE), dependent of the Argentine Research Council (CONICET), Scientific Research Commission and University of La Plata Buenos Aires, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Samanta Mazzetti
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
- Fondazione Grigioni per il Morbo di Parkinson, Milano, Italy
| | - Marie Humbert-Claude
- Laboratory of Neurotherapies and NeuroModulation, Clinical Neuroscience Department, Center for Neuroscience Research, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Liliane Tenenbaum
- Laboratory of Neurotherapies and NeuroModulation, Clinical Neuroscience Department, Center for Neuroscience Research, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Graziella Cappelletti
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
- Fondazione Grigioni per il Morbo di Parkinson, Milano, Italy
| | - Eliezer Masliah
- Division of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging/NIH, 7201, Wisconsin Ave, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mario Perello
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology of the Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology (IMBICE), dependent of the Argentine Research Council (CONICET), Scientific Research Commission and University of La Plata Buenos Aires, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Roland Riek
- Institute of Molecular Physical Science, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Juan Atilio Gerez
- Institute of Molecular Physical Science, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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10
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Khedmatgozar CR, Holec SAM, Woerman AL. The role of α-synuclein prion strains in Parkinson's disease and multiple system atrophy. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1011920. [PMID: 38271292 PMCID: PMC10810466 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chase R. Khedmatgozar
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Prion Research Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Sara A. M. Holec
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Prion Research Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Amanda L. Woerman
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Prion Research Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
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11
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Erdmann L, Santos PI, Rieper P, Klafki HW, Beutner D, Wiltfang J, Outeiro TF, Setz C. Automated Capillary Electrophoresis Immunoblot for the Detection of Alpha-Synuclein in Mouse Tissue. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2024; 14:681-692. [PMID: 38578903 PMCID: PMC11191443 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-230379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Background Alpha-synuclein (aSyn) is a key player in neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies, or multiple system atrophy. aSyn is expressed throughout the brain, and can also be detected in various peripheral tissues. In fact, initial symptoms of PD are non-motoric and include autonomic dysfunction, suggesting that the periphery might play an important role in early development of the disease. aSyn is expressed at relatively low levels in non-central tissues, which brings challenges for its detection and quantification in different tissues. Objective Our goal was to assess the sensitivity of aSyn detection in central and peripheral mouse tissues through capillary electrophoresis (CE) immunoblot, considering the traditional SDS-PAGE immunoblot as the current standard. Methods Tissues from central and non-central origin from wild type mice were extracted, and included midbrain, inner ear, and esophagus/stomach. aSyn detection was assessed through immunoblotting using Simple Western size-based CE and SDS-PAGE. Results CE immunoblots show a consistent detection of aSyn in central and peripheral tissues. Through SDS-PAGE, immunoblots revealed a reliable signal corresponding to aSyn, particularly following membrane fixation. Conclusion Our results suggest a reliable detection of aSyn in central and peripheral tissues using the CE Simple Western immunoblot system. These observations can serve as preliminary datasets when aiming to formally compare CE with SDS-PAGE, as well as for further characterization of aSyn using this technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie Erdmann
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Patrícia I. Santos
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Petra Rieper
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hans W. Klafki
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dirk Beutner
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Inner Ear Lab, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tiago F. Outeiro
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Cristian Setz
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Inner Ear Lab, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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12
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Tarutani A, Hasegawa M. Ultrastructures of α-Synuclein Filaments in Synucleinopathy Brains and Experimental Models. J Mov Disord 2024; 17:15-29. [PMID: 37990381 PMCID: PMC10846975 DOI: 10.14802/jmd.23213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracellular α-synuclein (α-syn) inclusions are a neuropathological hallmark of Lewy body disease (LBD) and multiple system atrophy (MSA), both of which are termed synucleinopathies. LBD is defined by Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites in neurons, while MSA displays glial cytoplasmic inclusions in oligodendrocytes. Pathological α-syn adopts an ordered filamentous structure with a 5-10 nm filament diameter, and this conformational change has been suggested to be involved in the disease onset and progression. Synucleinopathies also exhibit characteristic ultrastructural and biochemical properties of α-syn filaments, and α-syn strains with distinct conformations have been identified. Numerous experimental studies have supported the idea that pathological α-syn self-amplifies and spreads throughout the brain, during which processes the conformation of α-syn filaments may drive the disease specificity. In this review, we summarize the ultrastructural features and heterogeneity of α-syn filaments in the brains of patients with synucleinopathy and in experimental models of seeded α-syn aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Airi Tarutani
- Department of Brain and Neurosciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masato Hasegawa
- Department of Brain and Neurosciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
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13
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Bétemps D, Arsac JN, Nicot S, Canal D, Tlili H, Belondrade M, Morignat E, Verchère J, Gaillard D, Bruyère-Ostells L, Mayran C, Lakhdar L, Bougard D, Baron T. Protease-Sensitive and -Resistant Forms of Human and Murine Alpha-Synucleins in Distinct Brain Regions of Transgenic Mice (M83) Expressing the Human Mutated A53T Protein. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1788. [PMID: 38136658 PMCID: PMC10741842 DOI: 10.3390/biom13121788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Human neurodegenerative diseases associated with the misfolding of the alpha-synuclein (aS) protein (synucleinopathies) are similar to prion diseases to the extent that lesions are spread by similar molecular mechanisms. In a transgenic mouse model (M83) overexpressing a mutated (A53T) form of human aS, we had previously found that Protein Misfolding Cyclic Amplification (PMCA) triggered the aggregation of aS, which is associated with a high resistance to the proteinase K (PK) digestion of both human and murine aS, a major hallmark of the disease-associated prion protein. In addition, PMCA was also able to trigger the aggregation of murine aS in C57Bl/6 mouse brains after seeding with sick M83 mouse brains. Here, we show that intracerebral inoculations of M83 mice with C57Bl/6-PMCA samples strikingly shortens the incubation period before the typical paralysis that develops in this transgenic model, demonstrating the pathogenicity of PMCA-aggregated murine aS. In the hind brain regions of these sick M83 mice containing lesions with an accumulation of aS phosphorylated at serine 129, aS also showed a high PK resistance in the N-terminal part of the protein. In contrast to M83 mice, old APPxM83 mice co-expressing human mutated amyloid precursor and presenilin 1 proteins were seen to have an aggregation of aS, especially in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus and striatum, which also contained the highest load of aS phosphorylated at serine 129. This was proven by three techniques: a Western blot analysis of PK-resistant aS; an ELISA detection of aS aggregates; or the identification of aggregates of aS using immunohistochemical analyses of cytoplasmic/neuritic aS deposits. The results obtained with the D37A6 antibody suggest a higher involvement of murine aS in APPxM83 mice than in M83 mice. Our study used novel tools for the molecular study of synucleinopathies, which highlight similarities with the molecular mechanisms involved in prion diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Bétemps
- ANSES (French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety), University of Lyon, 69364 Lyon, France; (D.B.); (J.-N.A.); (D.C.); (H.T.); (E.M.); (J.V.); (D.G.); (L.L.)
| | - Jean-Noël Arsac
- ANSES (French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety), University of Lyon, 69364 Lyon, France; (D.B.); (J.-N.A.); (D.C.); (H.T.); (E.M.); (J.V.); (D.G.); (L.L.)
| | - Simon Nicot
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic and Emerging Infections, University of Montpellier, Inserm, Etablissement Français Du Sang, 34493 Montpellier, France; (S.N.); (M.B.); (L.B.-O.); (C.M.); (D.B.)
| | - Dominique Canal
- ANSES (French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety), University of Lyon, 69364 Lyon, France; (D.B.); (J.-N.A.); (D.C.); (H.T.); (E.M.); (J.V.); (D.G.); (L.L.)
| | - Habiba Tlili
- ANSES (French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety), University of Lyon, 69364 Lyon, France; (D.B.); (J.-N.A.); (D.C.); (H.T.); (E.M.); (J.V.); (D.G.); (L.L.)
| | - Maxime Belondrade
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic and Emerging Infections, University of Montpellier, Inserm, Etablissement Français Du Sang, 34493 Montpellier, France; (S.N.); (M.B.); (L.B.-O.); (C.M.); (D.B.)
| | - Eric Morignat
- ANSES (French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety), University of Lyon, 69364 Lyon, France; (D.B.); (J.-N.A.); (D.C.); (H.T.); (E.M.); (J.V.); (D.G.); (L.L.)
| | - Jérémy Verchère
- ANSES (French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety), University of Lyon, 69364 Lyon, France; (D.B.); (J.-N.A.); (D.C.); (H.T.); (E.M.); (J.V.); (D.G.); (L.L.)
| | - Damien Gaillard
- ANSES (French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety), University of Lyon, 69364 Lyon, France; (D.B.); (J.-N.A.); (D.C.); (H.T.); (E.M.); (J.V.); (D.G.); (L.L.)
| | - Lilian Bruyère-Ostells
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic and Emerging Infections, University of Montpellier, Inserm, Etablissement Français Du Sang, 34493 Montpellier, France; (S.N.); (M.B.); (L.B.-O.); (C.M.); (D.B.)
| | - Charly Mayran
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic and Emerging Infections, University of Montpellier, Inserm, Etablissement Français Du Sang, 34493 Montpellier, France; (S.N.); (M.B.); (L.B.-O.); (C.M.); (D.B.)
| | - Latifa Lakhdar
- ANSES (French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety), University of Lyon, 69364 Lyon, France; (D.B.); (J.-N.A.); (D.C.); (H.T.); (E.M.); (J.V.); (D.G.); (L.L.)
| | - Daisy Bougard
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic and Emerging Infections, University of Montpellier, Inserm, Etablissement Français Du Sang, 34493 Montpellier, France; (S.N.); (M.B.); (L.B.-O.); (C.M.); (D.B.)
| | - Thierry Baron
- ANSES (French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety), University of Lyon, 69364 Lyon, France; (D.B.); (J.-N.A.); (D.C.); (H.T.); (E.M.); (J.V.); (D.G.); (L.L.)
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14
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Abdelgawad A, Rahayel S, Zheng YQ, Tremblay C, Vo A, Misic B, Dagher A. Predicting longitudinal brain atrophy in Parkinson's disease using a Susceptible-Infected-Removed agent-based model. Netw Neurosci 2023; 7:906-925. [PMID: 37781140 PMCID: PMC10473281 DOI: 10.1162/netn_a_00296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by accumulation of abnormal isoforms of alpha-synuclein. Alpha-synuclein is proposed to act as a prion in Parkinson's disease: In its misfolded pathologic state, it favors the misfolding of normal alpha-synuclein molecules, spreads trans-neuronally, and causes neuronal damage as it accumulates. This theory remains controversial. We have previously developed a Susceptible-Infected-Removed (SIR) computational model that simulates the templating, propagation, and toxicity of alpha-synuclein molecules in the brain. In this study, we test this model with longitudinal MRI collected over 4 years from the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative (1,068 T1 MRI scans, 790 Parkinson's disease scans, and 278 matched control scans). We find that brain deformation progresses in subcortical and cortical regions. The SIR model recapitulates the spatiotemporal distribution of brain atrophy observed in Parkinson's disease. We show that connectome topology and geometry significantly contribute to model fit. We also show that the spatial expression of two genes implicated in alpha-synuclein synthesis and clearance, SNCA and GBA, also influences the atrophy pattern. We conclude that the progression of atrophy in Parkinson's disease is consistent with the prion-like hypothesis and that the SIR model is a promising tool to investigate multifactorial neurodegenerative diseases over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Abdelgawad
- The Neuro (Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital), McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Shady Rahayel
- The Neuro (Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital), McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Centre for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Ying-Qiu Zheng
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Centre for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Christina Tremblay
- The Neuro (Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital), McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Andrew Vo
- The Neuro (Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital), McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Bratislav Misic
- The Neuro (Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital), McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Alain Dagher
- The Neuro (Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital), McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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15
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Duarte GM, de Araújo FEA, da Rocha JMC, Idalina Neta F, do Rego ACM, Araújo Filho I, Pinheiro FI, de Azevedo EP, Cobucci RN, Guzen FP. Neuroprotective Potential of Seed Extracts: Review of In Vitro and In Vivo Studies. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15112502. [PMID: 37299465 DOI: 10.3390/nu15112502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by neuronal dysfunction and death. Studies suggest that some seed extracts have a neuroprotective effect. Considering the increased incidence of these diseases and the need for new effective therapies with fewer side effects, this review aimed to assess the evidence of the efficacy and safety of seed extracts in experimental models of neurodegeneration. MATERIAL AND METHOD The search was carried out through studies published between 2000 and 2021 in Science Direct, PubMed, Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), and Latin American Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS) databases, in which the effects of seed extracts in in vitro and in vivo experimental models of neurodegeneration were investigated. Based on the eligibility criteria, 47 studies were selected for this review. RESULTS In the in vitro models, the neuroprotection of the seed extracts was a result of their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties. In the in vivo models, neuroprotection resulted from the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, a decrease in motor deficits, an improvement in learning and memory, as well as the increased release of neurotransmitters. The results show promise for the future of clinical research on new therapies for neurodegenerative diseases. However, the studies are still limited, which does not allow us to extrapolate the results to human beings with ND. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, clinical trials are needed in order to prove the results of the in vitro and in vivo studies, as well as to assess the ideal, safe, and effective dose of these seed extracts in patients with neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Mendes Duarte
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Health School, Potiguar University (UnP), Natal 59056-000, Brazil
| | | | | | - Francisca Idalina Neta
- Postgraduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, State University of Rio Grande do Norte (UERN), Mossoró 59610-210, Brazil
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, State University of Rio Grande do Norte (UERN), Mossoró 59610-210, Brazil
| | | | - Irami Araújo Filho
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Health School, Potiguar University (UnP), Natal 59056-000, Brazil
- Medical School, Health School, Potiguar University (UnP), Natal 59056-000, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59010-180, Brazil
- Department of Surgical, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59010-180, Brazil
| | - Francisco Irochima Pinheiro
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Health School, Potiguar University (UnP), Natal 59056-000, Brazil
- Medical School, Health School, Potiguar University (UnP), Natal 59056-000, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Pereira de Azevedo
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Health School, Potiguar University (UnP), Natal 59056-000, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Ney Cobucci
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Health School, Potiguar University (UnP), Natal 59056-000, Brazil
- Medical School, Health School, Potiguar University (UnP), Natal 59056-000, Brazil
- Department of Surgical, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59010-180, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Science Applied to Women's Health, Medical School, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59010-180, Brazil
| | - Fausto Pierdoná Guzen
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Health School, Potiguar University (UnP), Natal 59056-000, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, State University of Rio Grande do Norte (UERN), Mossoró 59610-210, Brazil
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, State University of Rio Grande do Norte (UERN), Mossoró 59610-210, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Health and Society, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, State University of Rio Grande do Norte (UERN), Mossoró 59610-110, Brazil
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16
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Fisher EM, Greensmith L, Malaspina A, Fratta P, Hanna MG, Schiavo G, Isaacs AM, Orrell RW, Cunningham TJ, Arozena AA. Opinion: more mouse models and more translation needed for ALS. Mol Neurodegener 2023; 18:30. [PMID: 37143081 PMCID: PMC10161557 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-023-00619-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a complex disorder most of which is 'sporadic' of unknown origin but approximately 10% is familial, arising from single mutations in any of more than 30 genes. Thus, there are more than 30 familial ALS subtypes, with different, often unknown, molecular pathologies leading to a complex constellation of clinical phenotypes. We have mouse models for many genetic forms of the disorder, but these do not, on their own, necessarily show us the key pathological pathways at work in human patients. To date, we have no models for the 90% of ALS that is 'sporadic'. Potential therapies have been developed mainly using a limited set of mouse models, and through lack of alternatives, in the past these have been tested on patients regardless of aetiology. Cancer researchers have undertaken therapy development with similar challenges; they have responded by producing complex mouse models that have transformed understanding of pathological processes, and they have implemented patient stratification in multi-centre trials, leading to the effective translation of basic research findings to the clinic. ALS researchers have successfully adopted this combined approach, and now to increase our understanding of key disease pathologies, and our rate of progress for moving from mouse models to mechanism to ALS therapies we need more, innovative, complex mouse models to address specific questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M.C. Fisher
- UCL Queen Square Motor Neuron Disease Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG UK
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG UK
| | - Linda Greensmith
- UCL Queen Square Motor Neuron Disease Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG UK
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG UK
| | - Andrea Malaspina
- UCL Queen Square Motor Neuron Disease Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG UK
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG UK
| | - Pietro Fratta
- UCL Queen Square Motor Neuron Disease Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG UK
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG UK
| | - Michael G. Hanna
- UCL Queen Square Motor Neuron Disease Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG UK
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG UK
| | - Giampietro Schiavo
- UCL Queen Square Motor Neuron Disease Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG UK
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, WC1E 6BT UK
| | - Adrian M. Isaacs
- UCL Queen Square Motor Neuron Disease Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, WC1E 6BT UK
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG UK
| | - Richard W. Orrell
- UCL Queen Square Motor Neuron Disease Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG UK
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG UK
| | - Thomas J. Cunningham
- MRC Prion Unit at UCL, Courtauld Building, 33 Cleveland Street, London, W1W 7FF UK
| | - Abraham Acevedo Arozena
- Research Unit, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, ITB-ULL and CIBERNED, La Laguna, 38320 Spain
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17
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Lau HHC, Martinez-Valbuena I, So RWL, Mehra S, Silver NRG, Mao A, Stuart E, Schmitt-Ulms C, Hyman BT, Ingelsson M, Kovacs GG, Watts JC. The G51D SNCA mutation generates a slowly progressive α-synuclein strain in early-onset Parkinson's disease. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2023; 11:72. [PMID: 37138318 PMCID: PMC10155462 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-023-01570-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Unique strains of α-synuclein aggregates have been postulated to underlie the spectrum of clinical and pathological presentations seen across the synucleinopathies. Whereas multiple system atrophy (MSA) is associated with a predominance of oligodendroglial α-synuclein inclusions, α-synuclein aggregates in Parkinson's disease (PD) preferentially accumulate in neurons. The G51D mutation in the SNCA gene encoding α-synuclein causes an aggressive, early-onset form of PD that exhibits clinical and neuropathological traits reminiscent of both PD and MSA. To assess the strain characteristics of G51D PD α-synuclein aggregates, we performed propagation studies in M83 transgenic mice by intracerebrally inoculating patient brain extracts. The properties of the induced α-synuclein aggregates in the brains of injected mice were examined using immunohistochemistry, a conformational stability assay, and by performing α-synuclein seed amplification assays. Unlike MSA-injected mice, which developed a progressive motor phenotype, G51D PD-inoculated animals remained free of overt neurological illness for up to 18 months post-inoculation. However, a subclinical synucleinopathy was present in G51D PD-inoculated mice, characterized by the accumulation of α-synuclein aggregates in restricted regions of the brain. The induced α-synuclein aggregates in G51D PD-injected mice exhibited distinct properties in a seed amplification assay and were much more stable than those present in mice injected with MSA extract, which mirrored the differences observed between human MSA and G51D PD brain samples. These results suggest that the G51D SNCA mutation specifies the formation of a slowly propagating α-synuclein strain that more closely resembles α-synuclein aggregates associated with PD than MSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather H C Lau
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Krembil Discovery Tower, Rm. 4KD481, 60 Leonard Ave., Toronto, ON, M5T 0S8, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ivan Martinez-Valbuena
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Krembil Discovery Tower, Rm. 4KD481, 60 Leonard Ave., Toronto, ON, M5T 0S8, Canada
| | - Raphaella W L So
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Krembil Discovery Tower, Rm. 4KD481, 60 Leonard Ave., Toronto, ON, M5T 0S8, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Surabhi Mehra
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Krembil Discovery Tower, Rm. 4KD481, 60 Leonard Ave., Toronto, ON, M5T 0S8, Canada
| | - Nicholas R G Silver
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Krembil Discovery Tower, Rm. 4KD481, 60 Leonard Ave., Toronto, ON, M5T 0S8, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alison Mao
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Krembil Discovery Tower, Rm. 4KD481, 60 Leonard Ave., Toronto, ON, M5T 0S8, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Erica Stuart
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Krembil Discovery Tower, Rm. 4KD481, 60 Leonard Ave., Toronto, ON, M5T 0S8, Canada
| | - Cian Schmitt-Ulms
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Krembil Discovery Tower, Rm. 4KD481, 60 Leonard Ave., Toronto, ON, M5T 0S8, Canada
| | - Bradley T Hyman
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Neuroscience Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martin Ingelsson
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Krembil Discovery Tower, Rm. 4KD481, 60 Leonard Ave., Toronto, ON, M5T 0S8, Canada
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences/Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Krembil Brain Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gabor G Kovacs
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Krembil Discovery Tower, Rm. 4KD481, 60 Leonard Ave., Toronto, ON, M5T 0S8, Canada
- Krembil Brain Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Joel C Watts
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Krembil Discovery Tower, Rm. 4KD481, 60 Leonard Ave., Toronto, ON, M5T 0S8, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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18
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Stefanova N, Wenning GK. Multiple system atrophy: at the crossroads of cellular, molecular and genetic mechanisms. Nat Rev Neurosci 2023; 24:334-346. [PMID: 37085728 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-023-00697-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a rare oligodendroglial α-synucleinopathy characterized by neurodegeneration in striatonigral and olivopontocerebellar regions and autonomic brain centres. It causes complex cumulative motor and non-motor disability with fast progression and effective therapy is currently lacking. The difficulties in the diagnosis and treatment of MSA are largely related to the incomplete understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease. The MSA pathogenic landscape is complex, and converging findings from genetic and neuropathological studies as well as studies in experimental models of MSA have indicated the involvement of genetic and epigenetic changes; α-synuclein misfolding, aggregation and spreading; and α-synuclein strain specificity. These studies also indicate the involvement of myelin and iron dyshomeostasis, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction and other cell-specific aspects that are relevant to the fast progression of MSA. In this Review, we discuss these findings and emphasize the implications of the complexity of the multifactorial pathogenic cascade for future translational research and its impact on biomarker discovery and treatment target definitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Stefanova
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Gregor K Wenning
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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19
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Chen M, Mor DE. Gut-to-Brain α-Synuclein Transmission in Parkinson's Disease: Evidence for Prion-like Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087205. [PMID: 37108366 PMCID: PMC10139032 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a multifactorial disorder involving both motor and non-motor symptoms caused by the progressive death of distinct neuronal populations, including dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. The deposition of aggregated α-synuclein protein into Lewy body inclusions is a hallmark of the disorder, and α-synuclein pathology has been found in the enteric nervous system (ENS) of PD patients up to two decades prior to diagnosis. In combination with the high occurrence of gastrointestinal dysfunction in early stages of PD, current evidence strongly suggests that some forms of PD may originate in the gut. In this review, we discuss human studies that support ENS Lewy pathology as a characteristic feature of PD, and present evidence from humans and animal model systems that α-synuclein aggregation may follow a prion-like spreading cascade from enteric neurons, through the vagal nerve, and into the brain. Given the accessibility of the human gut to pharmacologic and dietary interventions, therapeutic strategies aimed at reducing pathological α-synuclein in the gastrointestinal tract hold significant promise for PD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merry Chen
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Danielle E Mor
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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20
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Schmitz M, Candelise N, Canaslan S, Altmeppen HC, Matschke J, Glatzel M, Younas N, Zafar S, Hermann P, Zerr I. α-Synuclein conformers reveal link to clinical heterogeneity of α-synucleinopathies. Transl Neurodegener 2023; 12:12. [PMID: 36915212 PMCID: PMC10012698 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-023-00342-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
α-Synucleinopathies, such as Parkinson's disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and multiple system atrophy, are a class of neurodegenerative diseases exhibiting intracellular inclusions of misfolded α-synuclein (αSyn), referred to as Lewy bodies or oligodendroglial cytoplasmic inclusions (Papp-Lantos bodies). Even though the specific cellular distribution of aggregated αSyn differs in PD and DLB patients, both groups show a significant pathological overlap, raising the discussion of whether PD and DLB are the same or different diseases. Besides clinical investigation, we will focus in addition on methodologies, such as protein seeding assays (real-time quaking-induced conversion), to discriminate between different types of α-synucleinopathies. This approach relies on the seeding conversion properties of misfolded αSyn, supporting the hypothesis that different conformers of misfolded αSyn may occur in different types of α-synucleinopathies. Understanding the pathological processes influencing the disease progression and phenotype, provoked by different αSyn conformers, will be important for a personalized medical treatment in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Schmitz
- Department of Neurology, National Reference Center for TSE, The German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Georg-August-University, University Medicine Gottingen, Goettingen, Germany.
| | - Niccolò Candelise
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Institute Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Sezgi Canaslan
- Department of Neurology, National Reference Center for TSE, The German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Georg-August-University, University Medicine Gottingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Hermann C Altmeppen
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jakob Matschke
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus Glatzel
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Neelam Younas
- Department of Neurology, National Reference Center for TSE, The German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Georg-August-University, University Medicine Gottingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Saima Zafar
- Department of Neurology, National Reference Center for TSE, The German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Georg-August-University, University Medicine Gottingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Peter Hermann
- Department of Neurology, National Reference Center for TSE, The German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Georg-August-University, University Medicine Gottingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Inga Zerr
- Department of Neurology, National Reference Center for TSE, The German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Georg-August-University, University Medicine Gottingen, Goettingen, Germany
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21
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I F. The unique neuropathological vulnerability of the human brain to aging. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 87:101916. [PMID: 36990284 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related neurofibrillary tangles (NFT), argyrophilic grain disease (AGD), aging-related tau astrogliopathy (ARTAG), limbic predominant TDP-43 proteinopathy (LATE), and amygdala-predominant Lewy body disease (LBD) are proteinopathies that, together with hippocampal sclerosis, progressively appear in the elderly affecting from 50% to 99% of individuals aged 80 years, depending on the disease. These disorders usually converge on the same subject and associate with additive cognitive impairment. Abnormal Tau, TDP-43, and α-synuclein pathologies progress following a pattern consistent with an active cell-to-cell transmission and abnormal protein processing in the host cell. However, cell vulnerability and transmission pathways are specific for each disorder, albeit abnormal proteins may co-localize in particular neurons. All these alterations are unique or highly prevalent in humans. They all affect, at first, the archicortex and paleocortex to extend at later stages to the neocortex and other regions of the telencephalon. These observations show that the phylogenetically oldest areas of the human cerebral cortex and amygdala are not designed to cope with the lifespan of actual humans. New strategies aimed at reducing the functional overload of the human telencephalon, including optimization of dream repair mechanisms and implementation of artificial circuit devices to surrogate specific brain functions, appear promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferrer I
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Emeritus Researcher of the Bellvitge Institute of Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Network of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
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22
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So RWL, Watts JC. α-Synuclein Conformational Strains as Drivers of Phenotypic Heterogeneity in Neurodegenerative Diseases. J Mol Biol 2023:168011. [PMID: 36792008 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2023.168011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
The synucleinopathies, which include Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, and multiple system atrophy, are a class of human neurodegenerative disorders unified by the presence of α-synuclein aggregates in the brain. Considerable clinical and pathological heterogeneity exists within and among the individual synucleinopathies. A potential explanation for this variability is the existence of distinct conformational strains of α-synuclein aggregates that cause different disease manifestations. Like prion strains, α-synuclein strains can be delineated based on their structural architecture, with structural differences among α-synuclein aggregates leading to unique biochemical attributes and neuropathological properties in humans and animal models. Bolstered by recent high-resolution structural data from patient brain-derived material, it has now been firmly established that there are conformational differences among α-synuclein aggregates from different human synucleinopathies. Moreover, recombinant α-synuclein can be polymerized into several structurally distinct aggregates that exhibit unique pathological properties. In this review, we outline the evidence supporting the existence of α-synuclein strains and highlight how they can act as drivers of phenotypic heterogeneity in the human synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaella W L So
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. https://twitter.com/xsakuraphie
| | - Joel C Watts
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. https://twitter.com/JoelWattsLab
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23
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Block AJ, York TC, Benedict R, Ma J, Bartz JC. Prion protein amino acid sequence influences formation of authentic synthetic PrP Sc. Sci Rep 2023; 13:441. [PMID: 36624174 PMCID: PMC9829857 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26300-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Synthetic prions, generated de novo from minimal, non-infectious components, cause bona fide prion disease in animals. Transmission of synthetic prions to hosts expressing syngeneic PrPC results in extended, variable incubation periods and incomplete attack rates. In contrast, murine synthetic prions (MSP) generated via PMCA with minimal cofactors readily infected mice and hamsters and rapidly adapted to both species. To investigate if hamster synthetic prions (HSP) generated under the same conditions as the MSP are also highly infectious, we inoculated hamsters with HSP generated with either hamster wild type or mutant (ΔG54, ΔG54/M139I, M139I/I205M) recombinant PrP. None of the inoculated hamsters developed clinical signs of prion disease, however, brain homogenate from HSPWT- and HSPΔG54-infected hamsters contained PrPSc, indicating subclinical infection. Serial passage in hamsters resulted in clinical disease at second passage accompanied by changes in incubation period and PrPSc conformational stability between second and third passage. These data suggest the HSP, in contrast to the MSP, are not comprised of PrPSc, and instead generate authentic PrPSc via deformed templating. Differences in infectivity between the MSP and HSP suggest that, under similar generation conditions, the amino acid sequence of PrP influences generation of authentic PrPSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa J. Block
- grid.254748.80000 0004 1936 8876Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Creighton University, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE 68178 USA
| | - Taylor C. York
- grid.254748.80000 0004 1936 8876Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Creighton University, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE 68178 USA
| | - Romilly Benedict
- grid.17088.360000 0001 2150 1785Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA
| | - Jiyan Ma
- grid.251017.00000 0004 0406 2057Van Andel Institute, Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Grand Rapids, MI USA
| | - Jason C. Bartz
- grid.254748.80000 0004 1936 8876Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Creighton University, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE 68178 USA
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24
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Yang Z, Wang Y, Wei M, Li S, Jia C, Cheng C, Al-Nusaif M, Zhang J, Liu C, Le W. Intrastriatal injection of Parkinson's disease intestine and vagus lysates initiates α-synucleinopathy in rat brain. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:4. [PMID: 36604420 PMCID: PMC9814765 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05531-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the selective loss of dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain and the pathological accumulation of misfolded α-synuclein (α-syn) in the brain. A growing body of evidence suggests that the formation of misfolded α-syn and aggregation may begin in the peripheral nervous system, specifically the enteric nervous system, and then propagate to the central nervous system via the vagus nerve. However, the PD-like neuropathology induced by the intestine and vagus nerve extracts is rarely investigated. In this work, we injected lysates of the intestine and vagus obtained from a diagnosed PD patient, which contained abnormal α-syn aggregates, into the rat striatum unilaterally. Strikingly, such an injection induced dopaminergic neurodegeneration and α-syn depositions in the striatum, substantia nigra, and other brain regions, including the frontal cortex, somatosensory cortex, hypothalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Moreover, significant activation of microglia and the development of astrogliosis were observed in the substantia nigra pars compacta of the injected rats. These findings provide essential information for our understanding of PD pathogenesis, as we established for the first time that the α-syn aggregates in the intestine and vagus of a PD patient were sufficient to induce prion-like propagation of endogenous α-syn pathology in wild-type rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaofei Yang
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116021, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116021, China
| | - Min Wei
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116021, China
| | - Song Li
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116021, China
| | - Congcong Jia
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116021, China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116021, China
| | - Murad Al-Nusaif
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116021, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116021, China
| | - Cong Liu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Weidong Le
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116021, China.
- Institute of Neurology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences-Sichuan Provincial Hospital, Chengdu, 610072, China.
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25
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Peelaerts W, Baekelandt V. ⍺-Synuclein Structural Diversity and the Cellular Environment in ⍺-Synuclein Transmission Models and Humans. Neurotherapeutics 2023; 20:67-82. [PMID: 37052776 PMCID: PMC10119367 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-023-01365-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and multiple system atrophy (MSA) are termed synucleinopathies, disorders that are characterized by the intracellular aggregation of the protein ɑ-synuclein. The cellular tropism of synuclein pathology in these syndromes is notably distinct since in the Lewy disorders, PD and DLB, ɑSyn forms aggregates in neurons whereas in MSA ɑSyn forms aggregates in oligodendrocytes. Studies examining ɑSyn pathology in experimental models and in human brain have now identified fibrillar ɑSyn with unique but distinct molecular signatures, suggesting that the structure of these ɑSyn fibrils might be closely tied to their cellular ontogeny. In contrast to the native structural heterogeneity of ɑSyn in vitro, the conformational landscape of fibrillar ɑSyn in human brain and in vivo transmission models appears to be remarkably uniform. Here, we review the studies by which we propose a hypothesis that the cellular host environment might be in part responsible for how ɑSyn filaments assemble into phenotype-specific strains. We postulate that the maturation of ɑSyn strains develops as a function of their in vivo transmission routes and cell-specific risk factors. The impact of the cellular environment on the structural diversity of ɑSyn might have important implications for the design of preclinical studies and their use for the development of ɑSyn-based biomarkers and therapeutic strategies. By combining phenotype-specific fibrils and relevant synucleinopathy transmission models, preclinical models might more closely reflect unique disease phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouter Peelaerts
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Veerle Baekelandt
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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26
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Stefanova N. A Mouse Model of Multiple System Atrophy: Bench to Bedside. Neurotherapeutics 2023; 20:117-126. [PMID: 35995919 PMCID: PMC10119356 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-022-01287-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a rare neurodegenerative disorder with unclear etiology, currently difficult and delayed diagnosis, and rapid progression, leading to disability and lethality within 6 to 9 years after symptom onset. The neuropathology of MSA classifies the disease in the group of a-synucleinopathies together with Parkinson's disease and other Lewy body disorders, but features specific oligodendroglial inclusions, which are pathognomonic for MSA. MSA has no efficient therapy to date. Development of experimental models is crucial to elucidate the disease mechanisms in progression and to provide a tool for preclinical screening of putative therapies for MSA. In vitro and in vivo models, based on selective neurotoxicity, a-synuclein oligodendroglial overexpression, and strain-specific propagation of a-synuclein fibrils, have been developed, reflecting various facets of MSA pathology. Over the years, the continuous exchange from bench to bedside and backward has been crucial for the advancing of MSA modelling, elucidating MSA pathogenic pathways, and understanding the existing translational gap to successful clinical trials in MSA. The review discusses specifically advantages and limitations of the PLP-a-syn mouse model of MSA, which recapitulates motor and non-motor features of the human disease with underlying striatonigral degeneration, degeneration of autonomic centers, and sensitized olivopontocerebellar system, strikingly mirroring human MSA pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Stefanova
- Laboratory for Translational Neurodegeneration Research, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
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27
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Zhang J. Investigating neurological symptoms of infectious diseases like COVID-19 leading to a deeper understanding of neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease. Front Neurol 2022; 13:968193. [PMID: 36570463 PMCID: PMC9768197 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.968193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Apart from common respiratory symptoms, neurological symptoms are prevalent among patients with COVID-19. Research has shown that infection with SARS-CoV-2 accelerated alpha-synuclein aggregation, induced Lewy-body-like pathology, caused dopaminergic neuron senescence, and worsened symptoms in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). In addition, SARS-CoV-2 infection can induce neuroinflammation and facilitate subsequent neurodegeneration in long COVID, and increase individual vulnerability to PD or parkinsonism. These findings suggest that a post-COVID-19 parkinsonism might follow the COVID-19 pandemic. In order to prevent a possible post-COVID-19 parkinsonism, this paper reviewed neurological symptoms and related findings of COVID-19 and related infectious diseases (influenza and prion disease) and neurodegenerative disorders (Alzheimer's disease, PD and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis), and discussed potential mechanisms underlying the neurological symptoms and the relationship between the infectious diseases and the neurodegenerative disorders, as well as the therapeutic and preventive implications in the neurodegenerative disorders. Infections with a relay of microbes (SARS-CoV-2, influenza A viruses, gut bacteria, etc.) and prion-like alpha-synuclein proteins over time may synergize to induce PD. Therefore, a systematic approach that targets these pathogens and the pathogen-induced neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration may provide cures for neurodegenerative disorders. Further, antiviral/antimicrobial drugs, vaccines, immunotherapies and new therapies (e.g., stem cell therapy) need to work together to treat, manage or prevent these disorders. As medical science and technology advances, it is anticipated that better vaccines for SARS-CoV-2 variants, new antiviral/antimicrobial drugs, effective immunotherapies (alpha-synuclein antibodies, vaccines for PD or parkinsonism, etc.), as well as new therapies will be developed and made available in the near future, which will help prevent a possible post-COVID-19 parkinsonism in the 21st century.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
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28
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Zhu C, Zhu J, Xiang Y, Bu XL, Jin WS, Wang YJ. A Conceptual Study on the Peripheral Clearance of Brain-Derived α-Synuclein in Humans. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 90:1485-1492. [PMID: 36278352 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormal intracellular expression and aggregation of α-synuclein (α-syn) is the histopathological hallmark of several neurodegenerative diseases especially Parkinson's disease. However, safe and efficient approaches to clear α-syn remain unavailable. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the process of peripheral catabolism of brain-derived α-syn. METHODS Thirty patients with atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia (AVRT) (left accessory pathways) who underwent radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) were enrolled in this study. Blood was collected via catheters from superior vena cava (SVC), inferior vena cava (IVC) proximal to the hepatic vein (HV), the right femoral vein (FV), and femoral artery (FA) simultaneously during RFCA. Plasma α-syn levels of AVRT patients and soluble α-syn levels of the brain samples were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. RESULTS The α-syn concentrations in different locations of veins were divided by time-matched arterial α-syn concentrations to generate the venous/arterial (V/A) ratio. The V/A ratio of α-syn from the SVC was 1.204 (1.069-1.339, 95% CI), while the V/A ratio of α-syn from IVC was 0.831 (0.734-0.928, 95% CI), suggesting that brain-derived α-syn in the arterial blood was physiologically cleared while going through the peripheral organs and tissues. And it was estimated that about half of brain soluble α-syn could efflux and be cleared in the periphery. Moreover, the glomerular filtration rate was found correlated with V-A difference (FA-ICV) (p = 0.0272). CONCLUSION Under physiological conditions, brain-derived α-syn could efflux into and be catabolized by the peripheral system. The kidney may play a potential role in the clearance of α-syn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhu
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ageing and Brain Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ageing and Brain Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Xiang
- Department of Neurology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Xian-Le Bu
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ageing and Brain Diseases, Chongqing, China.,Institute of Brain and Intelligence, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wang-Sheng Jin
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ageing and Brain Diseases, Chongqing, China.,Institute of Brain and Intelligence, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan-Jiang Wang
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ageing and Brain Diseases, Chongqing, China.,Institute of Brain and Intelligence, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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29
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Fabbri M, Foubert-Samier A, Pavy-le Traon A, Rascol O, Meissner WG. Atrofia multisistemica. Neurologia 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s1634-7072(22)47094-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
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30
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Holec SAM, Lee J, Oehler A, Batia L, Wiggins-Gamble A, Lau J, Ooi FK, Merz GE, Wang M, Mordes DA, Olson SH, Woerman AL. The E46K mutation modulates α-synuclein prion replication in transgenic mice. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010956. [PMID: 36454879 PMCID: PMC9714912 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In multiple system atrophy (MSA), the α-synuclein protein misfolds into a self-templating prion conformation that spreads throughout the brain, leading to progressive neurodegeneration. While the E46K mutation in α-synuclein causes familial Parkinson's disease (PD), we previously discovered that this mutation blocks in vitro propagation of MSA prions. Recent studies by others indicate that α-synuclein adopts a misfolded conformation in MSA in which a Greek key motif is stabilized by an intramolecular salt bridge between residues E46 and K80. Hypothesizing that the E46K mutation impedes salt bridge formation and, therefore, exerts a selective pressure that can modulate α-synuclein strain propagation, we asked whether three distinct α-synuclein prion strains could propagate in TgM47+/- mice, which express human α-synuclein with the E46K mutation. Following intracranial injection of these strains, TgM47+/- mice were resistant to MSA prion transmission, whereas recombinant E46K preformed fibrils (PFFs) transmitted neurological disease to mice and induced the formation of phosphorylated α-synuclein neuropathology. In contrast, heterotypic seeding following wild-type (WT) PFF-inoculation resulted in preclinical α-synuclein prion propagation. Moreover, when we inoculated TgM20+/- mice, which express WT human α-synuclein, with E46K PFFs, we observed delayed transmission kinetics with an incomplete attack rate. These findings suggest that the E46K mutation constrains the number of α-synuclein prion conformations that can propagate in TgM47+/- mice, expanding our understanding of the selective pressures that impact α-synuclein prion replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara A. M. Holec
- Department of Biology and Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst; Amherst, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jisoo Lee
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Abby Oehler
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Lyn Batia
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Aryanna Wiggins-Gamble
- Department of Biology and Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst; Amherst, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey Lau
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Felicia K. Ooi
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Gregory E. Merz
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Man Wang
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Daniel A. Mordes
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Steven H. Olson
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Amanda L. Woerman
- Department of Biology and Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst; Amherst, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco, California, United States of America
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31
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Reddy K, Dieriks BV. Multiple system atrophy: α-Synuclein strains at the neuron-oligodendrocyte crossroad. Mol Neurodegener 2022; 17:77. [DOI: 10.1186/s13024-022-00579-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe aberrant accumulation of α-Synuclein within oligodendrocytes is an enigmatic, pathological feature specific to Multiple system atrophy (MSA). Since the characterization of the disease in 1969, decades of research have focused on unravelling the pathogenic processes that lead to the formation of oligodendroglial cytoplasmic inclusions. The discovery of aggregated α-Synuclein (α-Syn) being the primary constituent of glial cytoplasmic inclusions has spurred several lines of research investigating the relationship between the pathogenic accumulation of the protein and oligodendrocytes. Recent developments have identified the ability of α-Syn to form conformationally distinct “strains” with varying behavioral characteristics and toxicities. Such “strains” are potentially disease-specific, providing insight into the enigmatic nature of MSA. This review discusses the evidence for MSA-specific α-Syn strains, highlighting the current methods for detecting and characterizing MSA patient-derived α-Syn. Given the differing behaviors of α-Syn strains, we explore the seeding and spreading capabilities of MSA-specific strains, postulating their influence on the aggressive nature of the disease. These ideas culminate into one key question: What causes MSA–specific strain formation? To answer this, we discuss the interplay between oligodendrocytes, neurons and α-Syn, exploring the ability of each cell type to contribute to the aggregate formation while postulating the effect of additional variables such as protein interactions, host characteristics and environmental factors. Thus, we propose the idea that MSA strain formation results from the intricate interrelation between neurons and oligodendrocytes, with deficits in each cell type required to initiate α-Syn aggregation and MSA pathogenesis.
Graphical Abstract
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32
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Holec SAM, Lee J, Oehler A, Ooi FK, Mordes DA, Olson SH, Prusiner SB, Woerman AL. Multiple system atrophy prions transmit neurological disease to mice expressing wild-type human α-synuclein. Acta Neuropathol 2022; 144:677-690. [PMID: 36018376 PMCID: PMC9636591 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-022-02476-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
In multiple system atrophy (MSA), the protein α-synuclein misfolds into a prion conformation that self-templates and causes progressive neurodegeneration. While many point mutations in the α-synuclein gene, SNCA, have been identified as the cause of heritable Parkinson's disease (PD), none have been identified as causing MSA. To examine whether MSA prions can transmit disease to mice expressing wild-type (WT) human α-synuclein, we inoculated transgenic (Tg) mice denoted TgM20+/- with brain homogenates prepared from six different deceased MSA patients. All six samples transmitted CNS disease to the mice, with an average incubation period of ~ 280 days. Interestingly, TgM20+/- female mice developed disease > 60 days earlier than their male counterparts. Brains from terminal mice contained phosphorylated α-synuclein throughout the hindbrain, consistent with the distribution of α-synuclein inclusions in MSA patients. In addition, using our α-syn-YFP cell lines, we detected α-synuclein prions in brain homogenates prepared from terminal mice that retained MSA strain properties. To our knowledge, the studies described here are the first to show that MSA prions transmit neurological disease to mice expressing WT SNCA and that the rate of transmission is sex dependent. By comparison, TgM20+/- mice inoculated with WT preformed fibrils (PFFs) developed severe neurological disease in ~ 210 days and exhibited robust α-synuclein neuropathology in both limbic regions and the hindbrain. Brain homogenates from these animals exhibited biological activities that are distinct from those found in MSA-inoculated mice when tested in the α-syn-YFP cell lines. Differences between brains from MSA-inoculated and WT PFF-inoculated mice potentially argue that α-synuclein prions from MSA patients are distinct from the PFF inocula and that PFFs do not replicate MSA strain biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara A M Holec
- Department of Biology and Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 240 Thatcher Road, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Jisoo Lee
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94153, USA
| | - Abby Oehler
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94153, USA
| | - Felicia K Ooi
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94153, USA
| | - Daniel A Mordes
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94153, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Steven H Olson
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94153, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Stanley B Prusiner
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94153, USA.
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Amanda L Woerman
- Department of Biology and Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 240 Thatcher Road, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94153, USA.
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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33
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Photocatalytic Inactivation of Viruses and Prions: Multilevel Approach with Other Disinfectants. Appl Microbiol 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/applmicrobiol2040054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ag, Cu, Zn, Ti, and Au nanoparticles show enhanced photocatalytic properties. Efficient indoor disinfection strategies are imperative to manage the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic. Virucidal agents, such as ethanol, sodium hypochlorite, 222-nm UV light, and electrolyzed water inactivate SARS-CoV-2 in indoor environments. Tungsten trioxide (WO3) photocatalyst and visible light disinfect abiotic surfaces against SARS-CoV-2. The titanium dioxide (TiO2)/UV system inactivates SARS-CoV-2 in aerosols and on deliberately contaminated TiO2-coated glass slide surfaces in photocatalytic chambers, wherein 405-nm UV light treatment for 20 min sterilizes the environment and generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) that inactivate the virus by targeting S and envelope proteins and viral RNA. Mesoscopic calcium bicarbonate solution (CAC-717) inactivates pathogens, such as prions, influenza virus, SARS-CoV-2, and noroviruses, in fluids; it presumably acts similarly on human and animal skin. The molecular complexity of cementitious materials promotes the photocatalysis of microorganisms. In combination, the two methods can reduce the pathogen load in the environment. As photocatalysts and CAC-717 are potent disinfectants for prions, disinfectants against prionoids could be developed by combining photocatalysis, gas plasma methodology, and CAC-717 treatment, especially for surgical devices and instruments.
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α-Synuclein Conformational Plasticity: Physiologic States, Pathologic Strains, and Biotechnological Applications. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12070994. [PMID: 35883550 PMCID: PMC9313095 DOI: 10.3390/biom12070994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
α-Synuclein (αS) is remarkable for both its extensive conformational plasticity and pathologic prion-like properties. Physiologically, αS may populate disordered monomeric, helically folded tetrameric, or membrane-bound oligomeric states. Pathologically, αS may assemble into toxic oligomers and subsequently fibrils, the prion-like transmission of which is implicated in a class of neurodegenerative disorders collectively termed α-synucleinopathies. Notably, αS does not adopt a single "amyloid fold", but rather exists as structurally distinct amyloid-like conformations referred to as "strains". The inoculation of animal models with different strains induces distinct pathologies, and emerging evidence suggests that the propagation of disease-specific strains underlies the differential pathologies observed in patients with different α-synucleinopathies. The characterization of αS strains has provided insight into the structural basis for the overlapping, yet distinct, symptoms of Parkinson's disease, multiple system atrophy, and dementia with Lewy bodies. In this review, we first explore the physiological and pathological differences between conformational states of αS. We then discuss recent studies on the influence of micro-environmental factors on αS species formation, propagation, and the resultant pathological characteristics. Lastly, we review how an understanding of αS conformational properties has been translated to emerging strain amplification technologies, which have provided further insight into the role of specific strains in distinct α-synucleinopathies, and show promise for the early diagnosis of disease.
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35
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Sidoroff V, Bower P, Stefanova N, Fanciulli A, Stankovic I, Poewe W, Seppi K, Wenning GK, Krismer F. Disease-Modifying Therapies for Multiple System Atrophy: Where Are We in 2022? JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2022; 12:1369-1387. [PMID: 35491799 PMCID: PMC9398078 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-223183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Multiple system atrophy is a rapidly progressive and fatal neurodegenerative disorder. While numerous preclinical studies suggested efficacy of potentially disease modifying agents, none of those were proven to be effective in large-scale clinical trials. Three major strategies are currently pursued in preclinical and clinical studies attempting to slow down disease progression. These target α-synuclein, neuroinflammation, and restoration of neurotrophic support. This review provides a comprehensive overview on ongoing preclinical and clinical developments of disease modifying therapies. Furthermore, we will focus on potential shortcomings of previous studies that can be avoided to improve data quality in future studies of this rare disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Sidoroff
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Pam Bower
- The Multiple System Atrophy Coalition, Inc., McLean, VA, USA
| | - Nadia Stefanova
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Iva Stankovic
- Neurology Clinic, University Clinical Center of Serbia, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Werner Poewe
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Klaus Seppi
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gregor K Wenning
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Florian Krismer
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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36
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Exosomes in Alpha-Synucleinopathies: Propagators of Pathology or Potential Candidates for Nanotherapeutics? Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12070957. [PMID: 35883513 PMCID: PMC9313025 DOI: 10.3390/biom12070957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathological accumulation of alpha-synuclein governs the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson’s disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, and multiple system atrophy, collectively termed alpha-synucleinopathies. Alpha-synuclein can be released in the extracellular space, partly via exosomes, and this extracellular protein pool may contribute to disease progression by facilitating the spread of pathological alpha-synuclein or activating immune cells. The content of exosomes depends on their origin and includes specific proteins, lipids, functional mRNAs and various non-coding RNAs. Given their ability to mediate intercellular communication via the transport of multilevel information, exosomes are considered to be transporters of toxic agents. Beyond neurons, glial cells also release exosomes, which may contain inflammatory molecules and this glia-to-neuron or neuron-to-glia transmission of exosomal alpha-synuclein may contribute to the propagation of pathology and neuroinflammation throughout the brain. In addition, as their content varies as per their originating and recipient cells, these vesicles can be utilized as a diagnostic biomarker for early disease detection, whereas targeted exosomes may be used as scaffolds to deliver therapeutic agents into the brain. This review summarizes the current knowledge regarding the role of exosomes in the progression of alpha-synuclein-related pathology and their potential use as biomarkers and nanotherapeutics in alpha-synucleinopathies.
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37
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Drobny A, Prieto Huarcaya S, Dobert J, Kluge A, Bunk J, Schlothauer T, Zunke F. The role of lysosomal cathepsins in neurodegeneration: Mechanistic insights, diagnostic potential and therapeutic approaches. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2022; 1869:119243. [PMID: 35217144 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2022.119243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lysosomes are ubiquitous organelles with a fundamental role in maintaining cellular homeostasis by mediating degradation and recycling processes. Cathepsins are the most abundant lysosomal hydrolyses and are responsible for the bulk degradation of various substrates. A correct autophagic function is essential for neuronal survival, as most neurons are post-mitotic and thus susceptible to accumulate cellular components. Increasing evidence suggests a crucial role of the lysosome in neurodegeneration as a key regulator of aggregation-prone and disease-associated proteins, such as α-synuclein, β-amyloid and huntingtin. Particularly, alterations in lysosomal cathepsins CTSD, CTSB and CTSL can contribute to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases as seen for neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis, synucleinopathies (Parkinson's disease, Dementia with Lewy Body and Multiple System Atrophy) as well as Alzheimer's and Huntington's disease. In this review, we provide an overview of recent evidence implicating CTSD, CTSB and CTSL in neurodegeneration, with a special focus on the role of these enzymes in α-synuclein metabolism. In addition, we summarize the potential role of lysosomal cathepsins as clinical biomarkers in neurodegenerative diseases and discuss potential therapeutic approaches by targeting lysosomal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Drobny
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Jan Dobert
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Annika Kluge
- Department of Neurology, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Josina Bunk
- Institute of Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Friederike Zunke
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
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38
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Tarutani A, Adachi T, Akatsu H, Hashizume Y, Hasegawa K, Saito Y, Robinson AC, Mann DMA, Yoshida M, Murayama S, Hasegawa M. Ultrastructural and biochemical classification of pathogenic tau, α-synuclein and TDP-43. Acta Neuropathol 2022; 143:613-640. [PMID: 35513543 PMCID: PMC9107452 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-022-02426-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular accumulation of abnormal proteins with conformational changes is the defining neuropathological feature of neurodegenerative diseases. The pathogenic proteins that accumulate in patients' brains adopt an amyloid-like fibrous structure and exhibit various ultrastructural features. The biochemical analysis of pathogenic proteins in sarkosyl-insoluble fractions extracted from patients' brains also shows disease-specific features. Intriguingly, these ultrastructural and biochemical features are common within the same disease group. These differences among the pathogenic proteins extracted from patients' brains have important implications for definitive diagnosis of the disease, and also suggest the existence of pathogenic protein strains that contribute to the heterogeneity of pathogenesis in neurodegenerative diseases. Recent experimental evidence has shown that prion-like propagation of these pathogenic proteins from host cells to recipient cells underlies the onset and progression of neurodegenerative diseases. The reproduction of the pathological features that characterize each disease in cellular and animal models of prion-like propagation also implies that the structural differences in the pathogenic proteins are inherited in a prion-like manner. In this review, we summarize the ultrastructural and biochemical features of pathogenic proteins extracted from the brains of patients with neurodegenerative diseases that accumulate abnormal forms of tau, α-synuclein, and TDP-43, and we discuss how these disease-specific properties are maintained in the brain, based on recent experimental insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Airi Tarutani
- Department of Brain and Neuroscience, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan
| | - Tadashi Adachi
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Brain and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Akatsu
- Department of Neuropathology, Choju Medical Institute, Fukushimura Hospital, Aichi, 441-8124, Japan
- Department of Community-Based Medical Education, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Aichi, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Yoshio Hashizume
- Department of Neuropathology, Choju Medical Institute, Fukushimura Hospital, Aichi, 441-8124, Japan
| | - Kazuko Hasegawa
- Division of Neurology, National Hospital Organization, Sagamihara National Hospital, Kanagawa, 252-0392, Japan
| | - Yuko Saito
- Department of Neuropathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, 187-8551, Japan
| | - Andrew C Robinson
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, Salford Royal Hospital, The University of Manchester, Salford, M6 8HD, UK
| | - David M A Mann
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, Salford Royal Hospital, The University of Manchester, Salford, M6 8HD, UK
| | - Mari Yoshida
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute for Medical Science of Aging, Aichi Medical University, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan
| | - Shigeo Murayama
- Department of Neuropathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
- Brain Bank for Neurodevelopmental, Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masato Hasegawa
- Department of Brain and Neuroscience, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan.
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Unique seeding profiles and prion-like propagation of synucleinopathies are highly dependent on the host in human α-synuclein transgenic mice. Acta Neuropathol 2022; 143:663-685. [PMID: 35488930 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-022-02425-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
α-synuclein (αSyn) is an intrinsically disordered protein which can undergo structural transformations, resulting in the formation of stable, insoluble fibrils. αSyn amyloid-type nucleation can be induced by misfolded 'seeds' serving as a conformational template, tantamount to the prion-like mechanism. Accumulation of αSyn inclusions is a key feature of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and multiple system atrophy (MSA), and are found as additional pathology in Alzheimer's disease (AD) such as AD with amygdala predominant Lewy bodies (AD/ALB). While these disorders accumulate the same pathological protein, they exhibit heterogeneity in clinical and histological features; however, the mechanism(s) underlying this variability remains elusive. Accruing data from human autopsy studies, animal inoculation modeling, and in vitro characterization experiments, have lent credence to the hypothesis that conformational polymorphism of the αSyn amyloid-type fibril structure results in distinct "strains" with categorical infectivity traits. Herein, we directly compare the seeding abilities and outcome of human brain lysates from these diseases, as well as recombinant preformed human αSyn fibrils by the intracerebral inoculation of transgenic mice overexpressing either human wild-type αSyn or human αSyn with the familial A53T mutation. Our study has revealed that the initiating inoculum heavily dictates the phenotypic and pathological course of disease. Interestingly, we have also established relevant host-dependent distinctions between propagation profiles, including burden and spread of inclusion pathology throughout the neuroaxis, as well as severity of neurological symptoms. These findings provide compelling evidence supporting the hypothesis that diverse prion-type conformers may explain the variability seen in synucleinopathies.
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40
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Mao H, Ye Y, Sun X, Qian C, Wang B, Xie L, Zhang S. Quiescent Elongation of α-Synuclein Pre-form Fibrils Under Different Solution Conditions. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:902077. [PMID: 35692426 PMCID: PMC9175570 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.902077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The intracellular aggregation of α-synuclein in neurons/glia is considered to be a key step in the pathogenesis of synucleinopathy [including Parkinson’s disease (PD), dementia with Lewy body (DLB), multiple system atrophy (MSA), etc.]. Increasing evidence indicates that the initial pathological α-synuclein aggregates can replicate themselves and propagate in a “seeding” manner to multiple areas of the brain and even to peripheral tissue, which makes it the most important biomarker for the diagnosis of synucleinopathies in recent years. The amplification and propagation capabilities of α-synuclein aggregates are very similar to those of prion-like diseases, which are based on the inherent self-recruitment capabilities of existing misfolded proteins. In vitro, the rapid recruitment process can be reproduced in a simplified model by adding a small amount of α-synuclein pre-formed fibrils to the monomer solution as fibril seeds, which may partially reveal the properties of α-synuclein aggregates. In this study, we explored the elongation rate of α-synuclein pre-formed fibrils under a quiescent incubation condition (rather than shaking/agitating). By using the ThT fluorescence assay, we compared and quantified the elongation fluorescence curves to explore the factors that affect fibril elongation. These factors include proteins’ concentration, temperature, NaCl strength, SDS, temperature pretreatment, and so on. Our work further describes the elongation of α-synuclein fibrils under quiescent incubation conditions. This may have important implications for the in vitro amplification and preservation of α-synuclein aggregates to further understand the prion-like transmission mechanism of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengxu Mao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongyi Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chen Qian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baoyan Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linghai Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shizhong Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Shizhong Zhang,
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41
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Lin CR, Viswanathan A, Chen TX, Mitsumoto H, Vonsattel JP, Faust PL, Kuo S. Clinicopathological correlates of pyramidal signs in multiple system atrophy. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2022; 9:988-994. [PMID: 35593123 PMCID: PMC9268870 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pyramidal signs are common but often under-recognized in multiple system atrophy (MSA). The clinicopathological correlates of pyramidal signs in MSA are not well characterized. The present study aims to understand the role of pyramidal signs in MSA. METHODS We examined 40 autopsy-confirmed MSA cases in New York Brain Bank. The pyramidal signs were quantified by an established rating scale, summarized as the pyramidal score. We assessed whether pyramidal scores are associated with autonomic, parkinsonism, and cerebellar features and survival. We also examined whether the density of glial cytoplasmic inclusions (GCIs) in the motor cortex and its underlying white matter is associated with the pyramidal score. RESULTS MSA parkinsonian type cases have higher pyramidal scores compared to cerebellar type cases (p = 0.017). MSA cases with high pyramidal scores are more likely to have laryngeal stridor (OR = 4.89, p = 0.022), but less likely to have orthostatic hypotension (OR = 0.11, p = 0.006) and erectile dysfunction (OR = 0.05, p = 0.018). MSA cases with high pyramidal scores do not differ from those with low pyramidal scores in terms of bowel dysfunction, dry eyes and mouth, and survival. Finally, MSA cases with more GCIs in the motor cortex have higher pyramidal scores compared to those with few GCIs (p = 0.017). INTERPRETATION Pyramidal signs in MSA are associated with the parkinsonian subtype, laryngeal stridor, and certain autonomic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi‐Ying R. Lin
- Department of NeurologyParkinson's Disease Center and Movement Disorders Clinic, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Anisha Viswanathan
- Department of NeurologyColumbia University Irving Medical Center and the New York Presbyterian HospitalNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Initiative for Columbia Ataxia and TremorColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Tiffany X. Chen
- Department of NeurologyColumbia University Irving Medical Center and the New York Presbyterian HospitalNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Initiative for Columbia Ataxia and TremorColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Whiting School of EngineeringJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Hiroshi Mitsumoto
- Department of NeurologyColumbia University Irving Medical Center and the New York Presbyterian HospitalNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Eleanor and Lou Gehrig ALS CenterColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Jean P. Vonsattel
- Department of Pathology and Cell BiologyColumbia University Irving Medical Center and the New York Presbyterian HospitalNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Phyllis L. Faust
- Department of Pathology and Cell BiologyColumbia University Irving Medical Center and the New York Presbyterian HospitalNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Sheng‐Han Kuo
- Department of NeurologyColumbia University Irving Medical Center and the New York Presbyterian HospitalNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Initiative for Columbia Ataxia and TremorColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
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42
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Menon S, Armstrong S, Hamzeh A, Visanji NP, Sardi SP, Tandon A. Alpha-Synuclein Targeting Therapeutics for Parkinson's Disease and Related Synucleinopathies. Front Neurol 2022; 13:852003. [PMID: 35614915 PMCID: PMC9124903 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.852003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Synuclein (asyn) is a key pathogenetic factor in a group of neurodegenerative diseases generically known as synucleinopathies, including Parkinson's disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and multiple system atrophy (MSA). Although the initial triggers of pathology and progression are unclear, multiple lines of evidence support therapeutic targeting of asyn in order to limit its prion-like misfolding. Here, we review recent pre-clinical and clinical work that offers promising treatment strategies to sequester, degrade, or silence asyn expression as a means to reduce the levels of seed or substrate. These diverse approaches include removal of aggregated asyn with passive or active immunization or by expression of vectorized antibodies, modulating kinetics of misfolding with small molecule anti-aggregants, lowering asyn gene expression by antisense oligonucleotides or inhibitory RNA, and pharmacological activation of asyn degradation pathways. We also discuss recent technological advances in combining low intensity focused ultrasound with intravenous microbubbles to transiently increase blood-brain barrier permeability for improved brain delivery and target engagement of these large molecule anti-asyn biologics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sindhu Menon
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sabrina Armstrong
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Amir Hamzeh
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Naomi P. Visanji
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Krembil Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Anurag Tandon
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Anurag Tandon
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43
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Alzghool OM, van Dongen G, van de Giessen E, Schoonmade L, Beaino W. α-Synuclein Radiotracer Development and In Vivo Imaging: Recent Advancements and New Perspectives. Mov Disord 2022; 37:936-948. [PMID: 35289424 PMCID: PMC9310945 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Synucleinopathies including idiopathic Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies and multiple systems atrophy share overlapping symptoms and pathological hallmarks. Selective neurodegeneration and Lewy pathology are the main hallmarks of α-synucleinopathies. Currently, there is no imaging biomarker suitable for a definitive early diagnosis of α-synucleinopathies. Although dopaminergic deficits detected with single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracers can support clinical diagnosis by confirming the presence of dopaminergic neurodegeneration, dopaminergic imaging cannot visualize the preceding disease process, nor distinguish α-synucleinopathies from tauopathies with dopaminergic neurodegeneration, especially at early symptomatic disease stage when clinical presentation is often overlapping. Aggregated α-synuclein (αSyn) could be a suitable imaging biomarker in α-synucleinopathies, because αSyn aggregation and therefore, Lewy pathology is evidently an early driver of α-synucleinopathies pathogenesis. Additionally, several antibodies and small molecule compounds targeting aggregated αSyn are in development for therapy. However, there is no way to directly measure if or how much they lower the levels of aggregated αSyn in the brain. There is clearly a paramount diagnostic and therapeutic unmet medical need. To date, aggregated αSyn and Lewy pathology inclusion bodies cannot be assessed ante-mortem with SPECT or PET imaging because of the suboptimal binding characteristics and/or physicochemical properties of current radiotracers. The aim of this narrative review is to highlight the suitability of aggregated αSyn as an imaging biomarker in α-synucleinopathies, the current limitations with and lessons learned from αSyn radiotracer development, and finally to propose antibody-based ligands for imaging αSyn aggregates as a complementary tool rather than an alternative to small molecule ligands. © 2022 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Obada M Alzghool
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Tracer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Guus van Dongen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Tracer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elsmarieke van de Giessen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Tracer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Linda Schoonmade
- Medical Library, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wissam Beaino
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Tracer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Teil M, Dovero S, Bourdenx M, Arotcarena ML, Camus S, Porras G, Thiolat ML, Trigo-Damas I, Perier C, Estrada C, Garcia-Carrillo N, Morari M, Meissner WG, Herrero MT, Vila M, Obeso JA, Bezard E, Dehay B. Brain injections of glial cytoplasmic inclusions induce a multiple system atrophy-like pathology. Brain 2022; 145:1001-1017. [PMID: 35285474 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Synucleinopathies encompass several neurodegenerative diseases, which include Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies and multiple system atrophy. These diseases are characterized by the deposit of α-synuclein aggregates in intracellular inclusions in neurons and glial cells. Unlike Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies, where aggregates are predominantly neuronal, multiple system atrophy is associated with α-synuclein cytoplasmic inclusions in oligodendrocytes. Glial cytoplasmic inclusions are the pathological hallmark of multiple system atrophy and are associated with neuroinflammation, modest demyelination and, ultimately, neurodegeneration. To evaluate the possible pathogenic role of glial cytoplasmic inclusions, we inoculated glial cytoplasmic inclusion-containing brain fractions obtained from multiple system atrophy patients into the striatum of non-human primates. After a 2-year in vivo phase, extensive histochemical and biochemical analyses were performed on the whole brain. We found loss of both nigral dopamine neurons and striatal medium spiny neurons, as well as loss of oligodendrocytes in the same regions, which are characteristics of multiple system atrophy. Furthermore, demyelination, neuroinflammation and α-synuclein pathology were also observed. These results show that the α-synuclein species in multiple system atrophy-derived glial cytoplasmic inclusions can induce a pathological process in non-human primates, including nigrostriatal and striatofugal neurodegeneration, oligodendroglial cell loss, synucleinopathy and gliosis. The present data pave the way for using this experimental model for MSA research and therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaux Teil
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, IMN, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Sandra Dovero
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, IMN, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Mathieu Bourdenx
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, IMN, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Sandrine Camus
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, IMN, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Gregory Porras
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, IMN, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Ines Trigo-Damas
- HM CINAC, HM Puerta del Sur and CIBERNED and CEU-San Pablo University Madrid, E-28938 Mostoles, Spain.,Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,CEU, San Pablo University Madrid, E-28938 Mostoles, Spain
| | - Celine Perier
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR)-Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Estrada
- Clinical and Experimental Neuroscience Unit, School of Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), University of Murcia, Campus Mare Nostrum, 30100 Murcia, Spain.,Institute of Research on Aging (IUIE), School of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Nuria Garcia-Carrillo
- Centro Experimental en Investigaciones Biomédica (CEIB), Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Michele Morari
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Section of Pharmacology, University of Ferrara, via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Wassilios G Meissner
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, IMN, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.,Service de Neurologie-Maladies Neurodégénératives, CRMR Atrophie Multisystématisée, CHU Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - María Trinidad Herrero
- Clinical and Experimental Neuroscience Unit, School of Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), University of Murcia, Campus Mare Nostrum, 30100 Murcia, Spain.,Institute of Research on Aging (IUIE), School of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Miquel Vila
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR)-Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain.,Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose A Obeso
- HM CINAC, HM Puerta del Sur and CIBERNED and CEU-San Pablo University Madrid, E-28938 Mostoles, Spain.,Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,CEU, San Pablo University Madrid, E-28938 Mostoles, Spain
| | - Erwan Bezard
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, IMN, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Benjamin Dehay
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, IMN, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
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Holec SAM, Liu SL, Woerman AL. Consequences of variability in α-synuclein fibril structure on strain biology. Acta Neuropathol 2022; 143:311-330. [PMID: 35122113 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-022-02403-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Synucleinopathies are a group of clinically and neuropathologically distinct protein misfolding diseases caused by unique α-synuclein conformations, or strains. While multiple atomic resolution cryo-electron microscopy structures of α-synuclein fibrils are now deposited in Protein Data Bank, significant gaps in the biological consequences arising from each conformation have yet to be unraveled. Mutations in the α-synuclein gene (SNCA), cofactors, and the solvation environment contribute to the formation and maintenance of each disease-causing strain. This review highlights the impact of each of these factors on α-synuclein misfolding and discusses the implications of the resulting structural variability on therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara A M Holec
- Department of Biology, Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Samantha L Liu
- Department of Biology, Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Amanda L Woerman
- Department of Biology, Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA.
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Lohmann S, Grigoletto J, Bernis ME, Pesch V, Ma L, Reithofer S, Tamgüney G. Ischemic stroke causes Parkinson's disease-like pathology and symptoms in transgenic mice overexpressing alpha-synuclein. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2022; 10:26. [PMID: 35209932 PMCID: PMC8867857 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-022-01327-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The etiology of Parkinson's disease is poorly understood and is most commonly associated with advancing age, genetic predisposition, or environmental toxins. Epidemiological findings suggest that patients have a higher risk of developing Parkinson's disease after ischemic stroke, but this potential causality lacks mechanistic evidence. We investigated the long-term effects of ischemic stroke on pathogenesis in hemizygous TgM83 mice, which express human α-synuclein with the familial A53T mutation without developing any neuropathology or signs of neurologic disease for more than 600 days. We induced transient focal ischemia by middle cerebral artery occlusion in 2-month-old TgM83+/- mice and monitored their behavior and health status for up to 360 days post surgery. Groups of mice were sacrificed at 14, 30, 90, 180, and 360 days after surgery for neuropathological analysis of their brains. Motor deficits first appeared 6 months after focal ischemia and worsened until 12 months afterward. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed ischemia-induced neuronal loss in the infarct region and astrogliosis and microgliosis indicative of an inflammatory response, which was most pronounced at 14 days post surgery. Infarct volume and inflammation gradually decreased in size and severity until 180 days post surgery. Surprisingly, neuronal loss and inflammation were increased again by 360 days post surgery. These changes were accompanied by a continuous increase in α-synuclein aggregation, its neuronal deposition, and a late loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, which we detected at 360 days post surgery. Control animals that underwent sham surgery without middle cerebral artery occlusion showed no signs of disease or neuropathology. Our results establish a mechanistic link between ischemic stroke and Parkinson's disease and provide an animal model for studying possible interventions.
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Yoshida S, Hasegawa T. Deciphering the prion-like behavior of pathogenic protein aggregates in neurodegenerative diseases. Neurochem Int 2022; 155:105307. [PMID: 35181393 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2022.105307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are hitherto classified based on their core clinical features, the anatomical distribution of neurodegeneration, and the cell populations mainly affected. On the other hand, the wealth of neuropathological, genetic, molecular and biochemical studies have identified the existence of distinct insoluble protein aggregates in the affected brain regions. These findings have spread the use of a collective term, proteinopathy, for neurodegenerative disorders with particular type of structurally altered protein accumulation. Particularly, a recent breakthrough in this field came with the discovery that these protein aggregates can transfer from one cell to another, thereby converting normal proteins to potentially toxic, misfolded species in a prion-like manner. In this review, we focus specifically on the molecular and cellular basis that underlies the seeding activity and transcellular spreading phenomenon of neurodegeneration-related protein aggregates, and discuss how these events contribute to the disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Yoshida
- Division of Neurology, Department of Neuroscience & Sensory Organs, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, 9808574, Japan; Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Yonezawa Hospital, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992-1202, Japan
| | - Takafumi Hasegawa
- Division of Neurology, Department of Neuroscience & Sensory Organs, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, 9808574, Japan.
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Different α-synuclein prion strains cause dementia with Lewy bodies and multiple system atrophy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:2113489119. [PMID: 35115402 PMCID: PMC8833220 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2113489119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and multiple system atrophy (MSA) are caused by α-synuclein prions that differ from each other and from those causing Parkinson’s disease (PD). DLB prions differ in their infectivity from those causing MSA or PD. The wild-type, normal version of the α-synuclein protein has the acidic amino acid glutamate (E) at residue 46, while in cases of inherited PD, it is mutated to the basic amino acid lysine (K). Using genetically engineered α-synuclein, we identified unique conditions for propagating MSA and DLB prions. Being able to distinguish among strains of naturally occurring α-synuclein prions may make it possible to develop strain-specific therapeutics for MSA, DLB, and PD. The α-synuclein protein can adopt several different conformations that cause neurodegeneration. Different α-synuclein conformers cause at least three distinct α-synucleinopathies: multiple system atrophy (MSA), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and Parkinson’s disease (PD). In earlier studies, we transmitted MSA to transgenic (Tg) mice and cultured HEK cells both expressing mutant α-synuclein (A53T) but not to cells expressing α-synuclein (E46K). Now, we report that DLB is caused by a strain of α-synuclein prions that is distinct from MSA. Using cultured HEK cells expressing mutant α-synuclein (E46K), we found that DLB prions could be transmitted to these HEK cells. Our results argue that a third strain of α-synuclein prions likely causes PD, but further studies are needed to identify cells and/or Tg mice that express a mutant α-synuclein protein that is permissive for PD prion replication. Our findings suggest that other α-synuclein mutants should give further insights into α-synuclein prion replication, strain formation, and disease pathogenesis, all of which are likely required to discover effective drugs for the treatment of PD as well as the other α-synucleinopathies.
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Awa S, Suzuki G, Masuda-Suzukake M, Nonaka T, Saito M, Hasegawa M. Phosphorylation of endogenous α-synuclein induced by extracellular seeds initiates at the pre-synaptic region and spreads to the cell body. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1163. [PMID: 35064139 PMCID: PMC8782830 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-04780-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of phosphorylated α-synuclein aggregates has been implicated in several diseases, such as Parkinson's disease (PD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and is thought to spread in a prion-like manner. Elucidating the mechanisms of prion-like transmission of α-synuclein is important for the development of therapies for these diseases, but little is known about the details. Here, we injected α-synuclein fibrils into the brains of wild-type mice and examined the early phase of the induction of phosphorylated α-synuclein accumulation. We found that phosphorylated α-synuclein appeared within a few days after the intracerebral injection. It was observed initially in presynaptic regions and subsequently extended its localization to axons and cell bodies. These results suggest that extracellular α-synuclein fibrils are taken up into the presynaptic region and seed-dependently convert the endogenous normal α-synuclein that is abundant there to an abnormal phosphorylated form, which is then transported through the axon to the cell body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiori Awa
- Department of Brain and Neurosciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Biosciences, College of Humanities and Sciences, Nihon University, Tokyo, Japan.,Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Genjiro Suzuki
- Department of Brain and Neurosciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Masami Masuda-Suzukake
- Department of Brain and Neurosciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Nonaka
- Department of Brain and Neurosciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Minoru Saito
- Department of Biosciences, College of Humanities and Sciences, Nihon University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Correlative Study in Physics and Chemistry, Graduate School of Integrated Basic Sciences, Nihon University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masato Hasegawa
- Department of Brain and Neurosciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan.
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Woerman AL, Tamgüney G. Body-first Parkinson's disease and variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease - similar or different? Neurobiol Dis 2022; 164:105625. [PMID: 35026401 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In several neurodegenerative disorders, proteins that typically exhibit an α-helical structure misfold into an amyloid conformation rich in β-sheet content. Through a self-templating mechanism, these amyloids are able to induce additional protein misfolding, facilitating their propagation throughout the central nervous system. This disease mechanism was originally identified for the prion protein (PrP), which misfolds into PrPSc in a number of disorders, including variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) and bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE). More recently, the prion mechanism of disease was expanded to include other proteins that rely on this self-templating mechanism to cause progressive degeneration, including α-synuclein misfolding in Parkinson's disease (PD). Several studies now suggest that PD patients can be subcategorized based on where in the body misfolded α-synuclein originates, either the brain or the gut, similar to patients developing sporadic CJD or vCJD. In this review, we discuss the human and animal model data indicating that α-synuclein and PrPSc misfolding originates in the gut in body-first PD and vCJD, and summarize the data identifying the role of the autonomic nervous system in the gut-brain axis of both diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Woerman
- Institute for Applied Life Sciences and Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA.
| | - Gültekin Tamgüney
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Biological Information Processing, Structural Biochemistry (IBI-7), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
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