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Skinner MW, Simington CJ, López-Jiménez P, Baran KA, Xu J, Dayani Y, Pryzhkova MV, Page J, Gómez R, Holland AJ, Jordan PW. Spermatocytes have the capacity to segregate chromosomes despite centriole duplication failure. EMBO Rep 2024; 25:3373-3405. [PMID: 38943004 PMCID: PMC11316026 DOI: 10.1038/s44319-024-00187-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Centrosomes are the canonical microtubule organizing centers (MTOCs) of most mammalian cells, including spermatocytes. Centrosomes comprise a centriole pair within a structurally ordered and dynamic pericentriolar matrix (PCM). Unlike in mitosis, where centrioles duplicate once per cycle, centrioles undergo two rounds of duplication during spermatogenesis. The first duplication is during early meiotic prophase I, and the second is during interkinesis. Using mouse mutants and chemical inhibition, we have blocked centriole duplication during spermatogenesis and determined that non-centrosomal MTOCs (ncMTOCs) can mediate chromosome segregation. This mechanism is different from the acentriolar MTOCs that form bipolar spindles in oocytes, which require PCM components, including gamma-tubulin and CEP192. From an in-depth analysis, we identified six microtubule-associated proteins, TPX2, KIF11, NuMA, and CAMSAP1-3, that localized to the non-centrosomal MTOC. These factors contribute to a mechanism that ensures bipolar MTOC formation and chromosome segregation during spermatogenesis when centriole duplication fails. However, despite the successful completion of meiosis and round spermatid formation, centriole inheritance and PLK4 function are required for normal spermiogenesis and flagella assembly, which are critical to ensure fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marnie W Skinner
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Carter J Simington
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Pablo López-Jiménez
- Department of Biology, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- MRC Laboratory of Medical Sciences, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Kerstin A Baran
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jingwen Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yaron Dayani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Marina V Pryzhkova
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jesús Page
- Department of Biology, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío Gómez
- Department of Biology, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrew J Holland
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Philip W Jordan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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2
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Lei Q, Yu Q, Yang N, Xiao Z, Song C, Zhang R, Yang S, Liu Z, Deng H. Therapeutic potential of targeting polo-like kinase 4. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 265:116115. [PMID: 38199166 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.116115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Polo-like kinase 4 (PLK4), a highly conserved serine/threonine kinase, masterfully regulates centriole duplication in a spatiotemporal manner to ensure the fidelity of centrosome duplication and proper mitosis. Abnormal expression of PLK4 contributes to genomic instability and associates with a poor prognosis in cancer. Inhibition of PLK4 is demonstrated to exhibit significant efficacy against various types of human cancers, further highlighting its potential as a promising therapeutic target for cancer treatment. As such, numerous small-molecule inhibitors with distinct chemical scaffolds targeting PLK4 have been extensively investigated for the treatment of different human cancers, with several undergoing clinical evaluation (e.g., CFI-400945). Here, we review the structure, distribution, and biological functions of PLK4, encapsulate its intricate regulatory mechanisms of expression, and highlighting its multifaceted roles in cancer development and metastasis. Moreover, the recent advancements of PLK4 inhibitors in patent or literature are summarized, and their therapeutic potential as monotherapies or combination therapies with other anticancer agents are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Lei
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital and Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & Precision Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Quanwei Yu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital and Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & Precision Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Na Yang
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Zhaolin Xiao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital and Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & Precision Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Chao Song
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital and Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & Precision Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guizhou, Guiyang, 550002, China
| | - Shuxin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Quantitative Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zhihao Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
| | - Hui Deng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital and Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & Precision Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
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3
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Medley JC, Yim RN, DiPanni J, Sebou B, Shaffou B, Cramer E, Wu C, Kabara M, Song MH. Site-specific phosphorylation of ZYG-1 regulates ZYG-1 stability and centrosome number. iScience 2023; 26:108410. [PMID: 38034351 PMCID: PMC10687292 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Spindle bipolarity is critical for genomic integrity. As centrosome number often dictates bipolarity, tight control of centrosome assembly is vital for faithful cell division. The master centrosome regulator ZYG-1/Plk4 plays a pivotal role in this process. In C. elegans, casein kinase II (CK2) negatively regulates centrosome duplication by controlling centrosome-associated ZYG-1 levels. Here, we investigated CK2 as a regulator of ZYG-1 and its impact on centrosome assembly. We show that CK2 phosphorylates ZYG-1 in vitro and physically interacts with ZYG-1 in vivo. Depleting CK2 or blocking ZYG-1 phosphorylation at CK2 target sites leads to centrosome amplification. Non-phosphorylatable ZYG-1 mutants exhibit elevated ZYG-1 levels, leading to increased ZYG-1 and downstream factors at centrosomes, thus driving centrosome amplification. Moreover, inhibiting the 26S proteasome prevents degradation of the phospho-mimetic ZYG-1. Our findings suggest that CK2-dependent phosphorylation of ZYG-1 controls ZYG-1 levels via proteasomal degradation to limit centrosome number.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey C. Medley
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA
| | - Rachel N. Yim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA
| | - Joseph DiPanni
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA
| | - Brandon Sebou
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA
| | - Blake Shaffou
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA
| | - Evan Cramer
- Department of Chemistry, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA
| | - Colin Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA
| | - Megan Kabara
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA
- University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Office of Graduate Medical Education, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Mi Hye Song
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA
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4
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Wilmott ZM, Goriely A, Raff JW. A simple Turing reaction-diffusion model explains how PLK4 breaks symmetry during centriole duplication and assembly. PLoS Biol 2023; 21:e3002391. [PMID: 37983248 PMCID: PMC10659181 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Centrioles duplicate when a mother centriole gives birth to a daughter that grows from its side. Polo-like-kinase 4 (PLK4), the master regulator of centriole duplication, is recruited symmetrically around the mother centriole, but it then concentrates at a single focus that defines the daughter centriole assembly site. How PLK4 breaks symmetry is unclear. Here, we propose that phosphorylated and unphosphorylated species of PLK4 form the 2 components of a classical Turing reaction-diffusion system. These 2 components bind to/unbind from the surface of the mother centriole at different rates, allowing a slow-diffusing activator species of PLK4 to accumulate at a single site on the mother, while a fast-diffusing inhibitor species of PLK4 suppresses activator accumulation around the rest of the centriole. This "short-range activation/long-range inhibition," inherent to Turing systems, can drive PLK4 symmetry breaking on a either a continuous or compartmentalised Plk4-binding surface, with PLK4 overexpression producing multiple PLK4 foci and PLK4 kinase inhibition leading to a lack of symmetry-breaking and PLK4 accumulation-as observed experimentally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary M. Wilmott
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Alain Goriely
- Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jordan W. Raff
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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5
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Ryniawec JM, Buster DW, Slevin LK, Boese CJ, Amoiroglou A, Dean SM, Slep KC, Rogers GC. Polo-like kinase 4 homodimerization and condensate formation regulate its own protein levels but are not required for centriole assembly. Mol Biol Cell 2023; 34:ar80. [PMID: 37163316 PMCID: PMC10398880 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e22-12-0572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Polo-like kinase 4 (Plk4) is the master-regulator of centriole assembly, and cell cycle-dependent regulation of its activity maintains proper centrosome number. During most of the cell cycle, Plk4 levels are nearly undetectable due to its ability to autophosphorylate and trigger its own ubiquitin-mediated degradation. However, during mitotic exit, Plk4 forms a single aggregate on the centriole surface to stimulate centriole duplication. Whereas most Polo-like kinase family members are monomeric, Plk4 is unique because it forms homodimers. Notably, Plk4 trans-autophosphorylates a degron near its kinase domain, a critical step in autodestruction. While it is thought that the purpose of homodimerization is to promote trans-autophosphorylation, this has not been tested. Here, we generated separation-of-function Plk4 mutants that fail to dimerize and show that homodimerization creates a binding site for the Plk4 activator, Asterless. Surprisingly, however, Plk4 dimer mutants are catalytically active in cells, promote centriole assembly, and can trans-autophosphorylate through concentration-dependent condensate formation. Moreover, we mapped and then deleted the weak-interacting regions within Plk4 that mediate condensation and conclude that dimerization and condensation are not required for centriole assembly. Our findings suggest that Plk4 dimerization and condensation function simply to down-regulate Plk4 and suppress centriole overduplication.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M. Ryniawec
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724
| | - Daniel W. Buster
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724
| | - Lauren K. Slevin
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Cody J. Boese
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724
| | - Anastasia Amoiroglou
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724
| | - Spencer M. Dean
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724
| | - Kevin C. Slep
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Gregory C. Rogers
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724
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6
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Medley JC, Yim N, DiPanni J, Sebou B, Shaffou B, Cramer E, Wu C, Kabara M, Song MH. Site-Specific Phosphorylation of ZYG-1 Regulates ZYG-1 Stability and Centrosome Number. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.07.539463. [PMID: 37333374 PMCID: PMC10274923 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.07.539463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Spindle bipolarity is critical for genomic integrity. Given that centrosome number often dictates mitotic bipolarity, tight control of centrosome assembly is vital for the fidelity of cell division. The kinase ZYG-1/Plk4 is a master centrosome factor that is integral for controlling centrosome number and is modulated by protein phosphorylation. While autophosphorylation of Plk4 has been extensively studied in other systems, the mechanism of ZYG-1 phosphorylation in C. elegans remains largely unexplored. In C. elegans, Casein Kinase II (CK2) negatively regulates centrosome duplication by controlling centrosome-associated ZYG-1 levels. In this study, we investigated ZYG-1 as a potential substrate of CK2 and the functional impact of ZYG-1 phosphorylation on centrosome assembly. First, we show that CK2 directly phosphorylates ZYG-1 in vitro and physically interacts with ZYG-1 in vivo. Intriguingly, depleting CK2 or blocking ZYG-1 phosphorylation at putative CK2 target sites leads to centrosome amplification. In the non-phosphorylatable (NP)-ZYG-1 mutant embryo, the overall levels of ZYG-1 are elevated, leading to an increase in centrosomal ZYG-1 and downstream factors, providing a possible mechanism of the NP-ZYG-1 mutation to drive centrosome amplification. Moreover, inhibiting the 26S proteasome blocks degradation of the phospho-mimetic (PM)-ZYG-1, while the NP-ZYG-1 mutant shows partial resistance to proteasomal degradation. Our findings suggest that site-specific phosphorylation of ZYG-1, partly mediated by CK2, controls ZYG-1 levels via proteasomal degradation, limiting centrosome number. We provide a mechanism linking CK2 kinase activity to centrosome duplication through direct phosphorylation of ZYG-1, which is critical for the integrity of centrosome number.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nahyun Yim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, MI, USA
| | - Joseph DiPanni
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, MI, USA
| | - Brandon Sebou
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, MI, USA
| | - Blake Shaffou
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, MI, USA
| | - Evan Cramer
- Department of Chemistry, Oakland University, MI, USA
| | - Colin Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Oakland University, MI, USA
| | - Megan Kabara
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, MI, USA
- University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Office of Graduate Medical Education, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Mi Hye Song
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, MI, USA
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7
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Sun Y, Xue Y, Liu H, Mu S, Sun P, Sun Y, Wang L, Wang H, Wang J, Wu T, Yin W, Qin Q, Sun Y, Yang H, Zhao D, Cheng M. Discovery of CZS-241: A Potent, Selective, and Orally Available Polo-Like Kinase 4 Inhibitor for the Treatment of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia. J Med Chem 2023; 66:2396-2421. [PMID: 36734825 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c02124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies demonstrate that PLK4 has emerged as a therapeutic target for the treatment of multiple cancers owing to its indispensable role in cell division. Herein, starting from previously identified effective compound CZS-034, based on rational drug design strategies, tyrosine kinase receptor A (TRKA) selectivity- and metabolic stability-guided structure-activity relationship (SAR) exploration were carried out to discover a highly potent (IC50 = 2.6 nM) and selective (SF = 1054.4 over TRKA) PLK4 inhibitor B43 (CZS-241) with acceptable human liver microsome stability (t1/2 = 31.5 min). Moreover, compound B43 effectively inhibited leukemia cells in 29 tested cell lines, especially chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cell lines K562 and KU-812. Pharmacokinetic characteristics revealed that compound B43 possessed over 4 h of half-life and 70.8% bioavailability in mice. In the K562 cells xenograft mouse model, a 20 mg/kg/day dosage treatment obviously suppressed tumor progression. As a potential and novel PLK4-targeted candidate drug for CML, compound B43 is undergoing extensive preclinical safety evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China
| | - Yanli Xue
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China
| | - Hongbing Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China
| | - Shuyi Mu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China
| | - Pengkun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China
| | - Yu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China
| | - Lin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China
| | - Hanxun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China
| | - Jingkai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China
| | - Tianxiao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China
| | - Wenbo Yin
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China
| | - Qiaohua Qin
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China
| | - Yixiang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China
| | - Huali Yang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China
| | - Dongmei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China
| | - Maosheng Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China
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8
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Plk4 Is a Novel Substrate of Protein Phosphatase 5. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032033. [PMID: 36768356 PMCID: PMC9917060 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The conserved Ser/Thr protein phosphatase 5 (PP5) is involved in the regulation of key cellular processes, including DNA damage repair and cell division in eukaryotes. As a co-chaperone of Hsp90, PP5 has been shown to modulate the maturation and activity of numerous oncogenic kinases. Here, we identify a novel substrate of PP5, the Polo-like kinase 4 (Plk4), which is the master regulator of centriole duplication in animal cells. We show that PP5 specifically interacts with Plk4, and is able to dephosphorylate the kinase in vitro and in vivo, which affects the interaction of Plk4 with its partner proteins. In addition, we provide evidence that PP5 and Plk4 co-localize to the centrosomes in Drosophila embryos and cultured cells. We demonstrate that PP5 is not essential; the null mutant flies are viable without a severe mitotic phenotype; however, its loss significantly reduces the fertility of the animals. Our results suggest that PP5 is a novel regulator of the Plk4 kinase in Drosophila.
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9
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Structure-based discovery of 1-(3-fluoro-5-(5-(3-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-3-yl)phenyl)-3-(pyrimidin-5-yl)urea as a potent and selective nanomolar type-II PLK4 inhibitor. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 243:114714. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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10
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Ryniawec JM, Rogers GC. Balancing the scales: fine-tuning Polo-like kinase 4 to ensure proper centriole duplication. Genes Dev 2022; 36:647-649. [PMID: 35835509 DOI: 10.1101/gad.349815.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Polo-like kinase 4 (Plk4) is the master regulator of centriole assembly. Several evolutionarily conserved mechanisms strictly regulate Plk4 abundance and activity to ensure cells maintain a proper number of centrioles. In this issue of Genes & Development, Phan et al. (pp. 718-736) add to this growing list by describing a new mechanism of control that restricts Plk4 translation through competitive ribosome binding at upstream open reading frames (uORFs) in the mature Plk4 mRNA. Fascinatingly, this mechanism is especially critical in the development of primordial germ cells in mice that are transcriptionally hyperactive and thus exquisitely sensitive to Plk4 mRNA regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Ryniawec
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85724, USA
| | - Gregory C Rogers
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85724, USA
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11
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Wang YW, Chen SC, Gu DL, Yeh YC, Tsai JJ, Yang KT, Jou YS, Chou TY, Tang TK. A novel HIF1α-STIL-FOXM1 axis regulates tumor metastasis. J Biomed Sci 2022; 29:24. [PMID: 35365182 PMCID: PMC8973879 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-022-00807-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metastasis is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in cancer that involves in multiple steps including epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process. Centrosome is an organelle that functions as the major microtubule organizing center (MTOC), and centrosome abnormalities are commonly correlated with tumor aggressiveness. However, the conclusive mechanisms indicating specific centrosomal proteins participated in tumor progression and metastasis remain largely unknown. METHODS The expression levels of centriolar/centrosomal genes in various types of cancers were first examined by in silico analysis of the data derived from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), and European Bioinformatics Institute (EBI) datasets. The expression of STIL (SCL/TAL1-interrupting locus) protein in clinical specimens was further assessed by Immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis and the oncogenic roles of STIL in tumorigenesis were analyzed using in vitro and in vivo assays, including cell migration, invasion, xenograft tumor formation, and metastasis assays. The transcriptome differences between low- and high-STIL expression cells were analyzed by RNA-seq to uncover candidate genes involved in oncogenic pathways. The quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and reporter assays were performed to confirm the results. The chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-qPCR assay was applied to demonstrate the binding of transcriptional factors to the promoter. RESULTS The expression of STIL shows the most significant increase in lung and various other types of cancers, and is highly associated with patients' survival rate. Depletion of STIL inhibits tumor growth and metastasis. Interestingly, excess STIL activates the EMT pathway, and subsequently enhances cancer cell migration and invasion. Importantly, we reveal an unexpected role of STIL in tumor metastasis. A subset of STIL translocate into nucleus and associate with FOXM1 (Forkhead box protein M1) to promote tumor metastasis and stemness via FOXM1-mediated downstream target genes. Furthermore, we demonstrate that hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) directly binds to the STIL promoter and upregulates STIL expression under hypoxic condition. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that STIL promotes tumor metastasis through the HIF1α-STIL-FOXM1 axis, and highlight the importance of STIL as a promising therapeutic target for lung cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Wei Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Rd., Sec. 2, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chuan Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Rd., Sec. 2, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - De-Leung Gu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Rd., Sec. 2, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chen Yeh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jhih-Jie Tsai
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Rd., Sec. 2, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Tai Yang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Rd., Sec. 2, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
- Dept. of Animal Science, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Shan Jou
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Rd., Sec. 2, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Teh-Ying Chou
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tang K Tang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Rd., Sec. 2, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.
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12
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Hoffmann I. Role of Polo-like Kinases Plk1 and Plk4 in the Initiation of Centriole Duplication-Impact on Cancer. Cells 2022; 11:786. [PMID: 35269408 PMCID: PMC8908989 DOI: 10.3390/cells11050786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Centrosomes nucleate and anchor microtubules and therefore play major roles in spindle formation and chromosome segregation during mitosis. Duplication of the centrosome occurs, similar to DNA, only once during the cell cycle. Aberration of the centrosome number is common in human tumors. At the core of centriole duplication is the conserved polo-like kinase 4, Plk4, and two structural proteins, STIL and Sas-6. In this review, I summarize and discuss developments in our understanding of the first steps of centriole duplication and their regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Hoffmann
- F045, Cell Cycle Control and Carcinogenesis, Im Neuenheimer Feld 242, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
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13
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Korns J, Liu X, Takiar V. A review of Plks: Thinking outside the (polo) box. Mol Carcinog 2022; 61:254-263. [PMID: 35049091 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The polo-like kinase (Plk) family is comprised of five different members (Plk1-5), each with their own distinct functions. Plk family members participate in pivotal cell division processes as well as in non-mitotic roles. Importantly, Plk expression has been correlated with various disease states, including cancer. Multiples therapies, which primarily target Plk1, are currently being investigated alone or in combination with other agents for clinical use in different cancers. As the role of Plks in disease progression becomes more prominent, it is important to outline their functions as cell cycle regulators and more. This review summarizes the structure and both mitotic and non-mitotic functions of each of the five Plk family members, sequentially. Additionally, the proposed mechanisms for how Plks contribute to tumorigenesis and the therapeutics currently under investigation are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julianna Korns
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnat, Ohio, USA
| | - Xiaoqi Liu
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Vinita Takiar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnat, Ohio, USA.,Cincinnati VA Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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14
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Alfaro-Mora Y, Domínguez-Gómez G, Cáceres-Gutiérrez RE, Tolentino-García L, Herrera LA, Castro-Hernández C, Bermúdez-Cruz RM, Díaz-Chávez J. MPS1 is involved in the HPV16-E7-mediated centrosomes amplification. Cell Div 2021; 16:6. [PMID: 34736484 PMCID: PMC8567613 DOI: 10.1186/s13008-021-00074-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It has been reported that the oncoprotein E7 from human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16-E7) can induce the excessive synthesis of centrosomes through the increase in the expression of PLK4, which is a transcriptional target of E2F1. On the other hand, it has been reported that increasing MPS1 protein stability can also generate an excessive synthesis of centrosomes. In this work, we analyzed the possible role of MPS1 in the amplification of centrosomes mediated by HPV16-E7. Results Employing qRT-PCR, Western Blot, and Immunofluorescence techniques, we found that E7 induces an increase in the MPS1 transcript and protein levels in the U2OS cell line, as well as protein stabilization. Besides, we observed that inhibiting the expression of MPS1 in E7 protein-expressing cells leads to a significant reduction in the number of centrosomes. Conclusions These results indicate that the presence of the MPS1 protein is necessary for E7 protein to increase the number of centrosomes, and possible implications are discussed. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13008-021-00074-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yair Alfaro-Mora
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico.,Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM/Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Guadalupe Domínguez-Gómez
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM/Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rodrigo E Cáceres-Gutiérrez
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM/Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Laura Tolentino-García
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM/Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis A Herrera
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM/Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico.,Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Clementina Castro-Hernández
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM/Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rosa María Bermúdez-Cruz
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - José Díaz-Chávez
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM/Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico.
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15
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Nabais C, Pessoa D, de-Carvalho J, van Zanten T, Duarte P, Mayor S, Carneiro J, Telley IA, Bettencourt-Dias M. Plk4 triggers autonomous de novo centriole biogenesis and maturation. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:211915. [PMID: 33760919 PMCID: PMC7995200 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202008090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Centrioles form centrosomes and cilia. In most proliferating cells, centrioles assemble through canonical duplication, which is spatially, temporally, and numerically regulated by the cell cycle and the presence of mature centrioles. However, in certain cell types, centrioles assemble de novo, yet by poorly understood mechanisms. Herein, we established a controlled system to investigate de novo centriole biogenesis, using Drosophila melanogaster egg explants overexpressing Polo-like kinase 4 (Plk4), a trigger for centriole biogenesis. We show that at a high Plk4 concentration, centrioles form de novo, mature, and duplicate, independently of cell cycle progression and of the presence of other centrioles. Plk4 concentration determines the temporal onset of centriole assembly. Moreover, our results suggest that distinct biochemical kinetics regulate de novo and canonical biogenesis. Finally, we investigated which other factors modulate de novo centriole assembly and found that proteins of the pericentriolar material (PCM), and in particular γ-tubulin, promote biogenesis, likely by locally concentrating critical components.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Paulo Duarte
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Satyajit Mayor
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Ivo A Telley
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
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16
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Li J, Urabe G, Huang Y, Zhang M, Wang B, Marcho L, Shen H, Kent KC, Guo LW. A Role for Polo-Like Kinase 4 in Vascular Fibroblast Cell-Type Transition. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2021; 6:257-283. [PMID: 33778212 PMCID: PMC7987547 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2020.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
PLK4, previously known as a centriole-associated factor, regulates the transcription factor activity of serum response factor. PLK4 inhibition blocks the profibrogenic cell state transition of vascular fibroblasts. PLK4’s activation and gene expression are regulated by PDGF receptor and epigenetic reader BRD4, respectively. Periadventitial administration of a PLK4 inhibitor mitigates vascular fibrosis.
Polo-like kinase 4 (PLK4) is canonically known for its cytoplasmic function in centriole duplication. Here we show a noncanonical PLK4 function of regulating the transcription factor SRF’s nuclear activity and associated myofibroblast-like cell-type transition. In this context, we have further found that PLK4’s phosphorylation and transcription are respectively regulated by PDGF receptor and epigenetic factor BRD4. Furthermore, in vivo experiments suggest PLK4 inhibition as a potential approach to mitigating vascular fibrosis.
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Key Words
- AA, PDGF-AA
- BET, bromo/extraterminal domain–containing protein
- BRD4
- BRD4, bromodomain protein 4
- CenB, centrinone-B
- EEL, external elastic lamina
- JQ1, a BET family–selective epigenetic modulator drug
- MRTF-A, myocardin-related transcription factor A
- PDGF receptor
- PDGF, platelet-derived growth factor
- PDGFR, PDGF receptor
- PLK, polo-like kinase
- PLK4
- SRF
- SRF, serum response factor
- fibroblast cell-type transition
- αSMA, α-smooth muscle actin
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Go Urabe
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Yitao Huang
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Mengxue Zhang
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.,Cellular and Molecular Pathology Graduate Program, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Bowen Wang
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Lynn Marcho
- Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Wexner Medical Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Hongtao Shen
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - K Craig Kent
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Lian-Wang Guo
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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17
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Zhang X, Wei C, Liang H, Han L. Polo-Like Kinase 4's Critical Role in Cancer Development and Strategies for Plk4-Targeted Therapy. Front Oncol 2021; 11:587554. [PMID: 33777739 PMCID: PMC7994899 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.587554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Polo-like kinases (Plks) are critical regulatory molecules during the cell cycle process. This family has five members: Plk1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. Plk4 has been identified as a master regulator of centriole replication, and its aberrant expression is closely associated with cancer development. In this review, we depict the DNA, mRNA, and protein structure of Plk4, and the regulation of Plk4 at a molecular level. Then we list the downstream targets of Plk4 and the hallmarks of cancer associated with these targets. The role of Plk4 in different cancers is also summarized. Finally, we review the inhibitors that target Plk4 in the hope of discovering effective anticancer drugs. From authors' perspective, Plk4 might represent a valuable tumor biomarker and critical target for cancer diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lei Han
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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18
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Balestra FR, Domínguez-Calvo A, Wolf B, Busso C, Buff A, Averink T, Lipsanen-Nyman M, Huertas P, Ríos RM, Gönczy P. TRIM37 prevents formation of centriolar protein assemblies by regulating Centrobin. eLife 2021; 10:62640. [PMID: 33491649 PMCID: PMC7870141 DOI: 10.7554/elife.62640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
TRIM37 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase mutated in Mulibrey nanism, a disease with impaired organ growth and increased tumor formation. TRIM37 depletion from tissue culture cells results in supernumerary foci bearing the centriolar protein Centrin. Here, we characterize these centriolar protein assemblies (Cenpas) to uncover the mechanism of action of TRIM37. We find that an atypical de novo assembly pathway can generate Cenpas that act as microtubule-organizing centers (MTOCs), including in Mulibrey patient cells. Correlative light electron microscopy reveals that Cenpas are centriole-related or electron-dense structures with stripes. TRIM37 regulates the stability and solubility of Centrobin, which accumulates in elongated entities resembling the striped electron dense structures upon TRIM37 depletion. Furthermore, Cenpas formation upon TRIM37 depletion requires PLK4, as well as two parallel pathways relying respectively on Centrobin and PLK1. Overall, our work uncovers how TRIM37 prevents Cenpas formation, which would otherwise threaten genome integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando R Balestra
- Departamento de Genética, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.,Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa-CABIMER, Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Andrés Domínguez-Calvo
- Departamento de Genética, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.,Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa-CABIMER, Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Benita Wolf
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Coralie Busso
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alizée Buff
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tessa Averink
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marita Lipsanen-Nyman
- Pediatric Research Center, Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pablo Huertas
- Departamento de Genética, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.,Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa-CABIMER, Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Rosa M Ríos
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa-CABIMER, Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Pierre Gönczy
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
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19
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Raab CA, Raab M, Becker S, Strebhardt K. Non-mitotic functions of polo-like kinases in cancer cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1875:188467. [PMID: 33171265 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Inhibitors of mitotic protein kinases are currently being developed as non-neurotoxic alternatives of microtubule-targeting agents (taxanes, vinca alkaloids) which provide a substantial survival benefit for patients afflicted with different types of solid tumors. Among the mitotic kinases, the cyclin-dependent kinases, the Aurora kinases, the kinesin spindle protein and Polo-like kinases (PLKs) have emerged as attractive targets of cancer therapeutics. The functions of mammalian PLK1-5 are traditionally linked to the regulation of the cell cycle and to the stress response. Especially the key role of PLK1 and PLK4 in cellular growth and proliferation, their overexpression in multiple types of human cancer and their druggability, make them appealing targets for cancer therapy. Inhibitors for PLK1 and PLK4 are currently being tested in multiple cancer trials. The clinical success of microtubule-targeting agents is attributed not solely to the induction of a mitotic arrest in cancer cells, but also to non-mitotic effects like targeting intracellular trafficking on microtubules. This raises the question whether new cancer targets like PLK1 and PLK4 regulate critical non-mitotic functions in tumor cells. In this article we summarize the important roles of PLK1-5 for the regulation of non-mitotic signaling. Due to these functions it is conceivable that inhibitors for PLK1 or PLK4 can target interphase cells, which underscores their attractive potential as cancer drug targets. Moreover, we also describe the contribution of the tumor-suppressors PLK2, PLK3 and PLK5 to cancer cell signaling outside of mitosis. These observations highlight the urgent need to develop highly specific ATP-competitive inhibitors for PLK4 and for PLK1 like the 3rd generation PLK-inhibitor Onvansertib to prevent the inhibition of tumor-suppressor PLKs in- and outside of mitosis. The remarkable feature of PLKs to encompass a unique druggable domain, the polo-box-domain (PBD) that can be found only in PLKs offers the opportunity for the development of inhibitors that target PLKs exclusively. Beyond the development of mono-specific ATP-competitive PLK inhibitors, the PBD as drug target will support the design of new drugs that eradicate cancer cells based on the mitotic and non-mitotic function of PLK1 and PLK4.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Monika Raab
- Department of Gynecology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sven Becker
- Department of Gynecology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Klaus Strebhardt
- Department of Gynecology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center, Partner Site Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt, Germany.
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20
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Use of the Polo-like kinase 4 (PLK4) inhibitor centrinone to investigate intracellular signalling networks using SILAC-based phosphoproteomics. Biochem J 2020; 477:2451-2475. [PMID: 32501498 PMCID: PMC7338032 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20200309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Polo-like kinase 4 (PLK4) is the master regulator of centriole duplication in metazoan organisms. Catalytic activity and protein turnover of PLK4 are tightly coupled in human cells, since changes in PLK4 concentration and catalysis have profound effects on centriole duplication and supernumerary centrosomes, which are associated with aneuploidy and cancer. Recently, PLK4 has been targeted with a variety of small molecule kinase inhibitors exemplified by centrinone, which rapidly induces inhibitory effects on PLK4 and leads to on-target centrosome depletion. Despite this, relatively few PLK4 substrates have been identified unequivocally in human cells, and PLK4 signalling outside centriolar networks remains poorly characterised. We report an unbiased mass spectrometry (MS)-based quantitative analysis of cellular protein phosphorylation in stable PLK4-expressing U2OS human cells exposed to centrinone. PLK4 phosphorylation was itself sensitive to brief exposure to the compound, resulting in PLK4 stabilisation. Analysing asynchronous cell populations, we report hundreds of centrinone-regulated cellular phosphoproteins, including centrosomal and cell cycle proteins and a variety of likely 'non-canonical' substrates. Surprisingly, sequence interrogation of ∼300 significantly down-regulated phosphoproteins reveals an extensive network of centrinone-sensitive [Ser/Thr]Pro phosphorylation sequence motifs, which based on our analysis might be either direct or indirect targets of PLK4. In addition, we confirm that NMYC and PTPN12 are PLK4 substrates, both in vitro and in human cells. Our findings suggest that PLK4 catalytic output directly controls the phosphorylation of a diverse set of cellular proteins, including Pro-directed targets that are likely to be important in PLK4-mediated cell signalling.
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21
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McLamarrah TA, Speed SK, Ryniawec JM, Buster DW, Fagerstrom CJ, Galletta BJ, Rusan NM, Rogers GC. A molecular mechanism for the procentriole recruitment of Ana2. J Cell Biol 2020; 219:132764. [PMID: 31841145 PMCID: PMC7041687 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201905172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
McLamarrah et al. characterize an early step in centriole duplication. They show that Plk4 hyperphosphorylates Ana2, which increases the affinity of Ana2 for the G-box domain of Sas4, promoting Ana2’s accumulation at the procentriole and, consequently, daughter centriole formation. During centriole duplication, a preprocentriole forms at a single site on the mother centriole through a process that includes the hierarchical recruitment of a conserved set of proteins, including the Polo-like kinase 4 (Plk4), Ana2/STIL, and the cartwheel protein Sas6. Ana2/STIL is critical for procentriole assembly, and its recruitment is controlled by the kinase activity of Plk4, but how this works remains poorly understood. A structural motif called the G-box in the centriole outer wall protein Sas4 interacts with a short region in the N terminus of Ana2/STIL. Here, we show that binding of Ana2 to the Sas4 G-box enables hyperphosphorylation of the Ana2 N terminus by Plk4. Hyperphosphorylation increases the affinity of the Ana2–G-box interaction, and, consequently, promotes the accumulation of Ana2 at the procentriole to induce daughter centriole formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany A McLamarrah
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Sarah K Speed
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - John M Ryniawec
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Daniel W Buster
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Carey J Fagerstrom
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Brian J Galletta
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Nasser M Rusan
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Gregory C Rogers
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
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22
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Kazazian K, Haffani Y, Ng D, Lee CMM, Johnston W, Kim M, Xu R, Pacholzyk K, Zih FSW, Tan J, Smrke A, Pollett A, Wu HST, Swallow CJ. FAM46C/TENT5C functions as a tumor suppressor through inhibition of Plk4 activity. Commun Biol 2020; 3:448. [PMID: 32807875 PMCID: PMC7431843 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01161-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Polo like kinase 4 (Plk4) is a tightly regulated serine threonine kinase that governs centriole duplication. Increased Plk4 expression, which is a feature of many common human cancers, causes centriole overduplication, mitotic irregularities, and chromosomal instability. Plk4 can also promote cancer invasion and metastasis through regulation of the actin cytoskeleton. Herein we demonstrate physical interaction of Plk4 with FAM46C/TENT5C, a conserved protein of unknown function until recently. FAM46C localizes to centrioles, inhibits Plk4 kinase activity, and suppresses Plk4-induced centriole duplication. Interference with Plk4 function by FAM46C was independent of the latter's nucleotidyl transferase activity. In addition, FAM46C restrained cancer cell invasion and suppressed MDA MB-435 cancer growth in a xenograft model, opposing the effect of Plk4. We demonstrate loss of FAM46C in patient-derived colorectal cancer tumor tissue that becomes more profound with advanced clinical stage. These results implicate FAM46C as a tumor suppressor that acts by inhibiting Plk4 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karineh Kazazian
- Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada.,Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Yosr Haffani
- Laboratory of Physiopathology, Alimentation and Biomolecules LR17ES03, Higher Institute of Biotechnology, Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, Ariana, 2020, Tunisia
| | - Deanna Ng
- Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Chae Min Michelle Lee
- Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Wendy Johnston
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5T 1P5, Canada
| | - Minji Kim
- Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Roland Xu
- Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Karina Pacholzyk
- Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Francis Si-Wah Zih
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Julie Tan
- Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Alannah Smrke
- Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Aaron Pollett
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Hannah Sun-Tsi Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Carol Jane Swallow
- Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada. .,Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 2M9, Canada.
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23
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Lin YN, Lee YS, Li SK, Tang TK. Loss of CPAP in developing mouse brain and its functional implication for human primary microcephaly. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs243592. [PMID: 32501282 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.243592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary microcephaly (MCPH) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by small brain size with mental retardation. CPAP (also known as CENPJ), a known microcephaly-associated gene, plays a key role in centriole biogenesis. Here, we generated a previously unreported conditional knockout allele in the mouse Cpap gene. Our results showed that conditional Cpap deletion in the central nervous system preferentially induces formation of monopolar spindles in radial glia progenitors (RGPs) at around embryonic day 14.5 and causes robust apoptosis that severely disrupts embryonic brains. Interestingly, microcephalic brains with reduced apoptosis are detected in conditional Cpap gene-deleted mice that lose only one allele of p53 (also known as Trp53), while simultaneous removal of p53 and Cpap rescues RGP death. Furthermore, Cpap deletion leads to cilia loss, RGP mislocalization, junctional integrity disruption, massive heterotopia and severe cerebellar hypoplasia. Together, these findings indicate that complete CPAP loss leads to severe and complex phenotypes in developing mouse brain, and provide new insights into the causes of MCPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Nan Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan
| | - Ying-Shan Lee
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan
| | - Shu-Kuei Li
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan
| | - Tang K Tang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan
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24
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Structural and Functional Analyses of the FAM46C/Plk4 Complex. Structure 2020; 28:910-921.e4. [PMID: 32433990 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2020.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
FAM46C, a non-canonical poly(A) polymerase, is frequently mutated in multiple myeloma. Loss of function of FAM46C promotes cell survival of multiple myeloma, suggesting a tumor-suppressive role. FAM46C is also essential for fastening sperm head and flagellum, indispensable for male fertility. The molecular mechanisms of these functions of FAM46C remain elusive. We report the crystal structure of FAM46C to provide the basis for its poly(A) polymerase activity and rationalize mutations associated with multiple myeloma. In addition, we found that FAM46C interacts directly with the serine/threonine kinase Plk4, the master regulator of centrosome duplication. We present the structure of FAM46C in complex with the Cryptic Polo-Box 1-2 domains of Plk4. Our structure-based mutational analyses show that the interaction with Plk4 recruits FAM46C to centrosomes. Our data suggest that Plk4-mediated localization of FAM46C enables its regulation of centrosome structure and functions, which may underlie the roles for FAM46C in cell proliferation and sperm development.
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25
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Meng L, Zhou Y, Ju S, Han J, Song C, Kong J, Wu Y, Lu S, Xu J, Yuan W, Zhang E, Wang C, Hu Z, Gu Y, Luo R, Wang X. A cis-eQTL genetic variant in PLK4 confers high risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Med 2019; 8:6476-6484. [PMID: 31489978 PMCID: PMC6797585 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The overexpression and knockdown of PLK4 were both reported to generate aneuploidy. Thus, we aimed to investigate whether genetic variants in PLK4 contribute to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods We evaluated associations of common variants in PLK4 and its promoter for the risk of HCC in our association study (1300 cases and 1344 controls). The genotype‐tissue expression (GTEx) and The cancer genome atlas (TCGA) databases were used to quantify the expression of PLK4. Cell proliferation and migration affected by PLK4 in HCC were assessed in vitro. Drug susceptibility testing (DST) model was used to assess the sensibility of PLK4‐activated HCC to CFI‐400945, a small molecule inhibitor of PLK4. Results Herein, we found a significant association between rs3811741, located in the PLK4 intron, and liver cancer risk (OR = 1.26, P = 9.81 × 10−5). Although PLK4 expressed at lower levels in somatic tissues compared to the testis, the risk allele A of rs3811741 was associated with increased PLK4 expression in liver cancer tissues. Additionally, PLK4 high expression was remarkably associated with shortened survival of HCC (HR = 1.97, P = .001). Furthermore, overexpression of PLK4 promoted, while knockdown of PLK4 suppressed cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. DST model demonstrated that CFI‐400945 can effectively suppress rampant proliferation of HCC with highly expressed PLK4. Conclusion Taken together, our study demonstrated that PLK4 is a susceptibility gene and plays an oncogenic role in HCC. Furthermore, we identified that PLK4 sensitives HCC to CFI‐400945, which may be an ideal therapy target for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Meng
- Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sihan Ju
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Han
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ci Song
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yifei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuai Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiani Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenwen Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Erbao Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhibin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yayun Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rongcheng Luo
- Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuehao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Liver Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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26
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Zhao Y, Wang X. PLK4: a promising target for cancer therapy. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2019; 145:2413-2422. [PMID: 31492983 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-019-02994-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Polo-like kinase 4 (PLK4) is a serine/threonine protein kinase that regulates centriole duplication. PLK4 deregulation causes centrosome number abnormalities, mitotic defects, chromosomal instability and, consequently, tumorigenesis. Therefore, PLK4 has emerged as a therapeutic target for the treatment of multiple cancers. In this review, we summarize the critical role of centrosome amplification and PLK4 in cancer. We also highlight recent advances in the development of PLK4 inhibitors and discuss potential combination therapies for cancer. METHODS The relevant literature from PubMed is reviewed in this article. The ClinicalTrials.gov database was searched for clinical trials related to the specific topic. RESULTS PLK4 is aberrantly expressed in multiple cancers and has prognostic value. Targeting PLK4 with inhibitors suppresses tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS PLK4 plays an important role in centrosome amplification and tumor progression. PLK4 inhibitors used alone or in combination with other drugs have shown significant anticancer efficacy, suggesting a potential therapeutic strategy for cancer. The results of relevant clinical trials await evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhao
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, No. 324, Jingwu Road, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, No. 324, Jingwu Road, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, People's Republic of China. .,School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China. .,Shandong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Lymphoma, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China. .,Key Laboratory for Kidney Regeneration of Shandong Province, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.
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27
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Gambarotto D, Pennetier C, Ryniawec JM, Buster DW, Gogendeau D, Goupil A, Nano M, Simon A, Blanc D, Racine V, Kimata Y, Rogers GC, Basto R. Plk4 Regulates Centriole Asymmetry and Spindle Orientation in Neural Stem Cells. Dev Cell 2019; 50:11-24.e10. [PMID: 31130353 PMCID: PMC6614718 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2019.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Defects in mitotic spindle orientation (MSO) disrupt the organization of stem cell niches impacting tissue morphogenesis and homeostasis. Mutations in centrosome genes reduce MSO fidelity, leading to tissue dysplasia and causing several diseases such as microcephaly, dwarfism, and cancer. Whether these mutations perturb spindle orientation solely by affecting astral microtubule nucleation or whether centrosome proteins have more direct functions in regulating MSO is unknown. To investigate this question, we analyzed the consequences of deregulating Plk4 (the master centriole duplication kinase) activity in Drosophila asymmetrically dividing neural stem cells. We found that Plk4 functions upstream of MSO control, orchestrating centriole symmetry breaking and consequently centrosome positioning. Mechanistically, we show that Plk4 acts through Spd2 phosphorylation, which induces centriole release from the apical cortex. Overall, this work not only reveals a role for Plk4 in regulating centrosome function but also links the centrosome biogenesis machinery with the MSO apparatus. Drosophila Plk4 mutant NSCs show defects in centriole asymmetry and spindle positioning Apical centriole anchoring requires the PCM protein Spd-2 and the APC/C activator Fzr Movement of the centriole toward the basal side of the cell requires Plk4 activity At the mother centriole, Plk4 phosphorylates Spd2 to trigger PCM shedding and Fzr loss
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Gambarotto
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR144, Biology of centrosomes and Genetic instability lab, Paris 75005, France
| | - Carole Pennetier
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR144, Biology of centrosomes and Genetic instability lab, Paris 75005, France
| | - John M Ryniawec
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Daniel W Buster
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Delphine Gogendeau
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR144, Biology of centrosomes and Genetic instability lab, Paris 75005, France
| | - Alix Goupil
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR144, Biology of centrosomes and Genetic instability lab, Paris 75005, France
| | - Maddalena Nano
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR144, Biology of centrosomes and Genetic instability lab, Paris 75005, France
| | - Anthony Simon
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR144, Biology of centrosomes and Genetic instability lab, Paris 75005, France
| | - Damien Blanc
- QuantaCell, 2 Allée du Doyen Georges Brus, Pessac 33600, France
| | - Victor Racine
- QuantaCell, 2 Allée du Doyen Georges Brus, Pessac 33600, France
| | - Yuu Kimata
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Gregory C Rogers
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.
| | - Renata Basto
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR144, Biology of centrosomes and Genetic instability lab, Paris 75005, France.
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28
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Suri A, Bailey AW, Tavares MT, Gunosewoyo H, Dyer CP, Grupenmacher AT, Piper DR, Horton RA, Tomita T, Kozikowski AP, Roy SM, Sredni ST. Evaluation of Protein Kinase Inhibitors with PLK4 Cross-Over Potential in a Pre-Clinical Model of Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2112. [PMID: 31035676 PMCID: PMC6540285 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polo-like kinase 4 (PLK4) is a cell cycle-regulated protein kinase (PK) recruited at the centrosome in dividing cells. Its overexpression triggers centrosome amplification, which is associated with genetic instability and carcinogenesis. In previous work, we established that PLK4 is overexpressed in pediatric embryonal brain tumors (EBT). We also demonstrated that PLK4 inhibition exerted a cytostatic effect in EBT cells. Here, we examined an array of PK inhibitors (CFI-400945, CFI-400437, centrinone, centrinone-B, R-1530, axitinib, KW-2449, and alisertib) for their potential crossover to PLK4 by comparative structural docking and activity inhibition in multiple established embryonal tumor cell lines (MON, BT-12, BT-16, DAOY, D283). Our analyses demonstrated that: (1) CFI-400437 had the greatest impact overall, but similar to CFI-400945, it is not optimal for brain exposure. Also, their phenotypic anti-cancer impact may, in part, be a consequence of the inhibition of Aurora kinases (AURKs). (2) Centrinone and centrinone B are the most selective PLK4 inhibitors but they are the least likely to penetrate the brain. (3) KW-2449, R-1530 and axitinib are the ones predicted to have moderate-to-good brain penetration. In conclusion, a new selective PLK4 inhibitor with favorable physiochemical properties for optimal brain exposure can be beneficial for the treatment of EBT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amreena Suri
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
- Cancer Biology and Epigenomics Program, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Chicago, IL 60614, USA.
| | - Anders W Bailey
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
- Cancer Biology and Epigenomics Program, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Chicago, IL 60614, USA.
| | - Maurício T Tavares
- Department of Pharmacy, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil.
| | - Hendra Gunosewoyo
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, WA 6102, Australia.
| | - Connor P Dyer
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
- Cancer Biology and Epigenomics Program, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Chicago, IL 60614, USA.
| | - Alex T Grupenmacher
- Department of Ophtalmology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 04023-062, Brazil.
| | - David R Piper
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Research and Development, Biosciences Division, Carlsbad, CA 92008, USA.
| | - Robert A Horton
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Research and Development, Biosciences Division, Carlsbad, CA 92008, USA.
| | - Tadanori Tomita
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
- Cancer Biology and Epigenomics Program, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Chicago, IL 60614, USA.
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | | | - Saktimayee M Roy
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Simone T Sredni
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
- Cancer Biology and Epigenomics Program, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Chicago, IL 60614, USA.
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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29
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Yamamoto S, Kitagawa D. Self-organization of Plk4 regulates symmetry breaking in centriole duplication. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1810. [PMID: 31000710 PMCID: PMC6472344 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09847-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
During centriole duplication, a single daughter centriole is formed next to the mother centriole. The molecular mechanism that determines a single duplication site remains a long-standing question. Here, we show that intrinsic self-organization of Plk4 is implicated in symmetry breaking in the process of centriole duplication. We demonstrate that Plk4 has an ability to phase-separate into condensates via an intrinsically disordered linker and that the condensation properties of Plk4 are regulated by autophosphorylation. Consistently, the dissociation dynamics of centriolar Plk4 are controlled by autophosphorylation. We further found that autophosphorylated Plk4 is already distributed as a single focus around the mother centriole before the initiation of procentriole formation, and is subsequently targeted for STIL-HsSAS6 loading. Perturbation of Plk4 self-organization affects the asymmetry of centriolar Plk4 distribution and proper centriole duplication. Overall, we propose that the spatial pattern formation of Plk4 is a determinant of a single duplication site per mother centriole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Daiju Kitagawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
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30
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Bridging centrioles and PCM in proper space and time. Essays Biochem 2018; 62:793-801. [PMID: 30429283 PMCID: PMC6281471 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20180036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Throughout biology, specifying cellular events at the correct location and time is necessary for ensuring proper function. The formation of robust microtubule organizing centers (MTOCs) in mitosis is one such event that must be restricted in space to centrosomes to prevent ectopic MTOC formation elsewhere in the cell, a situation that can result in multipolar spindle formation and aneuploidy. The process of reaching maximum centrosome MTOC activity in late G2, known as centrosome maturation, ensures accurate timing of nuclear envelope breakdown and proper chromosome attachment. Although centrosome maturation has been recognized for over a century, the spatial and temporal regulatory mechanisms that direct MTOC activation are poorly understood. Here, we review Sas-4/CPAP, Asterless/Cep152, Spd-2/Cep192, and PLP/Pericentrin, a group of proteins we refer to as 'bridge' proteins that reside at the surface of centrioles, perfectly positioned to serve as the gatekeepers of proper centrosome maturation at the perfect place and time.
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31
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Boese CJ, Nye J, Buster DW, McLamarrah TA, Byrnes AE, Slep KC, Rusan NM, Rogers GC. Asterless is a Polo-like kinase 4 substrate that both activates and inhibits kinase activity depending on its phosphorylation state. Mol Biol Cell 2018; 29:2874-2886. [PMID: 30256714 PMCID: PMC6249866 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e18-07-0445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Centriole assembly initiates when Polo-like kinase 4 (Plk4) interacts with a centriole "targeting-factor." In Drosophila, Asterless/Asl (Cep152 in humans) fulfills the targeting role. Interestingly, Asl also regulates Plk4 levels. The N-terminus of Asl (Asl-A; amino acids 1-374) binds Plk4 and promotes Plk4 self-destruction, although it is unclear how this is achieved. Moreover, Plk4 phosphorylates the Cep152 N-terminus, but the functional consequence is unknown. Here, we show that Plk4 phosphorylates Asl and mapped 13 phospho-residues in Asl-A. Nonphosphorylatable alanine (13A) and phosphomimetic (13PM) mutants did not alter Asl function, presumably because of the dominant role of the Asl C-terminus in Plk4 stabilization and centriolar targeting. To address how Asl-A phosphorylation specifically affects Plk4 regulation, we generated Asl-A fragment phospho-mutants and expressed them in cultured Drosophila cells. Asl-A-13A stimulated kinase activity by relieving Plk4 autoinhibition. In contrast, Asl-A-13PM inhibited Plk4 activity by a novel mechanism involving autophosphorylation of Plk4's kinase domain. Thus, Asl-A's phosphorylation state determines which of Asl-A's two opposing effects are exerted on Plk4. Initially, nonphosphorylated Asl binds Plk4 and stimulates its kinase activity, but after Asl is phosphorylated, a negative-feedback mechanism suppresses Plk4 activity. This dual regulatory effect by Asl-A may limit Plk4 to bursts of activity that modulate centriole duplication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody J. Boese
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724
| | - Jonathan Nye
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724
| | - Daniel W. Buster
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724
| | - Tiffany A. McLamarrah
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724
| | - Amy E. Byrnes
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Kevin C. Slep
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Nasser M. Rusan
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Gregory C. Rogers
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724
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32
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Leda M, Holland AJ, Goryachev AB. Autoamplification and Competition Drive Symmetry Breaking: Initiation of Centriole Duplication by the PLK4-STIL Network. iScience 2018; 8:222-235. [PMID: 30340068 PMCID: PMC6197440 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Centrioles, the cores of centrosomes and cilia, duplicate every cell cycle to ensure their faithful inheritance. How only a single procentriole is produced on each mother centriole remains enigmatic. We propose the first mechanistic biophysical model for procentriole initiation which posits that interactions between kinase PLK4 and its activator-substrate STIL are central for procentriole initiation. The model recapitulates the transition from a uniform "ring" of PLK4 surrounding the mother centriole to a single PLK4 "spot" that initiates procentriole assembly. This symmetry breaking requires autocatalytic activation of PLK4 and enhanced centriolar anchoring of PLK4 by phosphorylated STIL. We find that in situ degradation of active PLK4 cannot break symmetry. The model predicts that competition between transient PLK4 activity maxima for PLK4-STIL complexes destabilizes the PLK4 ring and produces instead a single PLK4 spot. Weakening of competition by overexpression of PLK4 and STIL causes progressive addition of supernumerary procentrioles, as observed experimentally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Leda
- Centre for Synthetic and Systems Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3BF UK
| | - Andrew J Holland
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Andrew B Goryachev
- Centre for Synthetic and Systems Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3BF UK.
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McLamarrah TA, Buster DW, Galletta BJ, Boese CJ, Ryniawec JM, Hollingsworth NA, Byrnes AE, Brownlee CW, Slep KC, Rusan NM, Rogers GC. An ordered pattern of Ana2 phosphorylation by Plk4 is required for centriole assembly. J Cell Biol 2018; 217:1217-1231. [PMID: 29496738 PMCID: PMC5881488 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201605106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Polo-like kinase 4 (Plk4) initiates an early step in centriole assembly by phosphorylating Ana2/STIL, a structural component of the procentriole. Here, we show that Plk4 binding to the central coiled-coil (CC) of Ana2 is a conserved event involving Polo-box 3 and a previously unidentified putative CC located adjacent to the kinase domain. Ana2 is then phosphorylated along its length. Previous studies showed that Plk4 phosphorylates the C-terminal STil/ANa2 (STAN) domain of Ana2/STIL, triggering binding and recruitment of the cartwheel protein Sas6 to the procentriole assembly site. However, the physiological relevance of N-terminal phosphorylation was unknown. We found that Plk4 first phosphorylates the extreme N terminus of Ana2, which is critical for subsequent STAN domain modification. Phosphorylation of the central region then breaks the Plk4-Ana2 interaction. This phosphorylation pattern is important for centriole assembly and integrity because replacement of endogenous Ana2 with phospho-Ana2 mutants disrupts distinct steps in Ana2 function and inhibits centriole duplication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany A McLamarrah
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Daniel W Buster
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Brian J Galletta
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Cody J Boese
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - John M Ryniawec
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Natalie Ann Hollingsworth
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Amy E Byrnes
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Program in Molecular and Cellular Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Christopher W Brownlee
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Kevin C Slep
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Nasser M Rusan
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Gregory C Rogers
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
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34
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Loncarek J, Bettencourt-Dias M. Building the right centriole for each cell type. J Cell Biol 2017; 217:823-835. [PMID: 29284667 PMCID: PMC5839779 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201704093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Loncarek and Bettencourt-Dias review molecular mechanisms of centriole biogenesis amongst different organisms and cell types. The centriole is a multifunctional structure that organizes centrosomes and cilia and is important for cell signaling, cell cycle progression, polarity, and motility. Defects in centriole number and structure are associated with human diseases including cancer and ciliopathies. Discovery of the centriole dates back to the 19th century. However, recent advances in genetic and biochemical tools, development of high-resolution microscopy, and identification of centriole components have accelerated our understanding of its assembly, function, evolution, and its role in human disease. The centriole is an evolutionarily conserved structure built from highly conserved proteins and is present in all branches of the eukaryotic tree of life. However, centriole number, size, and organization varies among different organisms and even cell types within a single organism, reflecting its cell type–specialized functions. In this review, we provide an overview of our current understanding of centriole biogenesis and how variations around the same theme generate alternatives for centriole formation and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jadranka Loncarek
- Cell Cycle Regulation Lab, Gulbenkian Institute of Science, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Mónica Bettencourt-Dias
- Laboratory of Protein Dynamics and Signaling, National Institutes of Health/Center for Cancer Research/National Cancer Institute-Frederick, Frederick, MD
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35
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Dzhindzhev NS, Tzolovsky G, Lipinszki Z, Abdelaziz M, Debski J, Dadlez M, Glover DM. Two-step phosphorylation of Ana2 by Plk4 is required for the sequential loading of Ana2 and Sas6 to initiate procentriole formation. Open Biol 2017; 7:170247. [PMID: 29263250 PMCID: PMC5746551 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.170247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The conserved process of centriole duplication requires Plk4 kinase to recruit and promote interactions between Sas6 and Sas5/Ana2/STIL (respective nomenclature of worms/flies/humans). Plk4-mediated phosphorylation of Ana2/STIL in its conserved STAN motif has been shown to promote its interaction with Sas6. However, STAN motif phosphorylation is not required for recruitment of Ana2 to the centriole. Here we show that in Drosophila, Ana2 loads onto the site of procentriole formation ahead of Sas6 in a process that also requires Plk4. However, whereas Plk4 is first recruited to multiple sites around the ring of zone II at the periphery of the centriole, Ana2 is recruited to a single site in telophase before Plk4 becomes finally restricted to this same single site. When we over-ride the auto-destruction of Plk4, it remains localized to multiple sites in the outer ring of the centriole and, if catalytically active, recruits Ana2 to these sites. Thus, it is the active form of Plk4 that promotes Ana2's recruitment to the centriole. We now show that Plk4 phosphorylates Ana2 at a site other than the STAN motif, which lies in a conserved region we term the ANST (ANa2-STil) motif. Mutation of this site, S38, to a non-phosphorylatable residue prevents the procentriole loading of Ana2 and blocks centriole duplication. Thus the initiation of procentriole formation requires Plk4 to first phosphorylate a single serine residue in the ANST motif to promote Ana2's recruitment and, secondly, to phosphorylate four residues in the STAN motif enabling Ana2 to recruit Sas6. We discuss these findings in light of the multiple Plk4 phosphorylation sites on Ana2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - George Tzolovsky
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK
| | - Zoltan Lipinszki
- MTA SZBK Lendület Laboratory of Cell Cycle Regulation and Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | | | - Janus Debski
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michal Dadlez
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - David M Glover
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK
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36
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Maniswami RR, Prashanth S, Karanth AV, Koushik S, Govindaraj H, Mullangi R, Rajagopal S, Jegatheesan SK. PLK4: a link between centriole biogenesis and cancer. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2017; 22:59-73. [PMID: 29171762 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2018.1410140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Polo like kinase (PLK) is known to play a pivotal role in various cell cycle processes to perpetuate proper division and growth of the cells. Polo like kinase-4 (PLK4) is one such kinase that appears in low abundance and plays a well-characterized role in centriole duplication. PLK4 deregulation (i.e. both overexpression and depletion of PLK4), leads to altered mitotic fidelity and thereby triggers tumorigenesis. Hence, over the last few years PLK4 has emerged as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of various advanced cancers. Areas covered: In this review, we discuss the basic structure, expression, localization and functions of PLK4 along with its regulation by various proteins. We also discuss the role of altered PLK4 activity in the onset of cancer and the current pre-clinical and clinical inhibitors to regulate PLK4. Expert opinion: PLK4 mediated centriole duplication has a crucial role in maintaining mitotic correctness in normal cells, while its deregulation has a greater impact on genesis of cancer. Henceforth, a deep knowledge of the PLK4 levels, its role and interactions with various proteins in cancer is required to design effective inhibitors for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sindhu Koushik
- a Jubilant Biosys Ltd, Bioinformatics , Bangalore , India
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37
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Banterle N, Gönczy P. Centriole Biogenesis: From Identifying the Characters to Understanding the Plot. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 2017; 33:23-49. [PMID: 28813178 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cellbio-100616-060454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The centriole is a beautiful microtubule-based organelle that is critical for the proper execution of many fundamental cellular processes, including polarity, motility, and division. Centriole biogenesis, the making of this miniature architectural wonder, has emerged as an exemplary model to dissect the mechanisms governing the assembly of a eukaryotic organelle. Centriole biogenesis relies on a set of core proteins whose contributions to the assembly process have begun to be elucidated. Here, we review current knowledge regarding the mechanisms by which these core characters function in an orderly fashion to assemble the centriole. In particular, we discuss how having the correct proteins at the right place and at the right time is critical to first scaffold, then initiate, and finally execute the centriole assembly process, thus underscoring fundamental principles governing organelle biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niccolò Banterle
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland;
| | - Pierre Gönczy
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland;
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38
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The PLK4-STIL-SAS-6 module at the core of centriole duplication. Biochem Soc Trans 2017; 44:1253-1263. [PMID: 27911707 PMCID: PMC5095913 DOI: 10.1042/bst20160116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Centrioles are microtubule-based core components of centrosomes and cilia. They are duplicated exactly once during S-phase progression. Central to formation of each new (daughter) centriole is the formation of a nine-fold symmetrical cartwheel structure onto which microtubule triplets are deposited. In recent years, a module comprising the protein kinase polo-like kinase 4 (PLK4) and the two proteins STIL and SAS-6 have been shown to stay at the core of centriole duplication. Depletion of any one of these three proteins blocks centriole duplication and, conversely, overexpression causes centriole amplification. In this short review article, we summarize recent insights into how PLK4, STIL and SAS-6 co-operate in space and time to form a new centriole. These advances begin to shed light on the very first steps of centriole biogenesis.
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39
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Lee M, Seo MY, Chang J, Hwang DS, Rhee K. PLK4 phosphorylation of CP110 is required for efficient centriole assembly. Cell Cycle 2017; 16:1225-1234. [PMID: 28562169 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2017.1325555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Centrioles are assembled during S phase and segregated into 2 daughter cells at the end of mitosis. The initiation of centriole assembly is regulated by polo-like kinase 4 (PLK4), the major serine/threonine kinase in centrioles. Despite its importance in centriole duplication, only a few substrates have been identified, and the detailed mechanism of PLK4 has not been fully elucidated. CP110 is a coiled-coil protein that plays roles in centriolar length control and ciliogenesis in mammals. Here, we revealed that PLK4 specifically phosphorylates CP110 at the S98 position. The phospho-resistant CP110 mutant inhibited centriole assembly, whereas the phospho-mimetic CP110 mutant induced centriole assembly, even in PLK4-limited conditions. This finding implies that PLK4 phosphorylation of CP110 is an essential step for centriole assembly. The phospho-mimetic form of CP110 augmented the centrosomal SAS6 level. Based on these results, we propose that the phosphorylated CP110 may be involved in the stabilization of cartwheel SAS6 during centriole assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miseon Lee
- a Department of Biological Sciences , Seoul National University , Seoul , Korea
| | - Mi Young Seo
- a Department of Biological Sciences , Seoul National University , Seoul , Korea
| | - Jaerak Chang
- b Department of Brain Science , Ajou University School of Medicine , Suwon , Korea
| | - Deog Su Hwang
- a Department of Biological Sciences , Seoul National University , Seoul , Korea
| | - Kunsoo Rhee
- a Department of Biological Sciences , Seoul National University , Seoul , Korea
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40
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Gupta A, Tsuchiya Y, Ohta M, Shiratsuchi G, Kitagawa D. NEK7 is required for G1 progression and procentriole formation. Mol Biol Cell 2017; 28:2123-2134. [PMID: 28539406 PMCID: PMC5509424 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e16-09-0643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
As cells exit mitosis, the decision to commit to the next cell cycle is made during G1. Not only DNA replication, but also centriole duplication is initiated as cells enter the S-phase. The kinase NEK7 is required for the timely regulation of G1 progression, S-phase entry, and procentriole formation. The decision to commit to the cell cycle is made during G1 through the concerted action of various cyclin–CDK complexes. Not only DNA replication, but also centriole duplication is initiated as cells enter the S-phase. The NIMA-related kinase NEK7 is one of many factors required for proper centriole duplication, as well as for timely cell cycle progression. However, its specific roles in these events are poorly understood. In this study, we find that depletion of NEK7 inhibits progression through the G1 phase in human U2OS cells via down-regulation of various cyclins and CDKs and also inhibits the earliest stages of procentriole formation. Depletion of NEK7 also induces formation of primary cilia in human RPE1 cells, suggesting that NEK7 acts at least before the restriction point during G1. G1-arrested cells in the absence of NEK7 exhibit abnormal accumulation of the APC/C cofactor Cdh1 at the vicinity of centrioles. Furthermore, the ubiquitin ligase APC/CCdh1 continuously degrades the centriolar protein STIL in these cells, thus inhibiting centriole assembly. Collectively our results demonstrate that NEK7 is involved in the timely regulation of G1 progression, S-phase entry, and procentriole formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshari Gupta
- Division of Centrosome Biology, Department of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan.,Department of Genetics, School of Life Science, Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
| | - Yuki Tsuchiya
- Division of Centrosome Biology, Department of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan.,Department of Genetics, School of Life Science, Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
| | - Midori Ohta
- Division of Centrosome Biology, Department of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
| | - Gen Shiratsuchi
- Division of Centrosome Biology, Department of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
| | - Daiju Kitagawa
- Division of Centrosome Biology, Department of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan .,Department of Genetics, School of Life Science, Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
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41
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Peel N, Iyer J, Naik A, Dougherty MP, Decker M, O’Connell KF. Protein Phosphatase 1 Down Regulates ZYG-1 Levels to Limit Centriole Duplication. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1006543. [PMID: 28103229 PMCID: PMC5289615 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In humans perturbations of centriole number are associated with tumorigenesis and microcephaly, therefore appropriate regulation of centriole duplication is critical. The C. elegans homolog of Plk4, ZYG-1, is required for centriole duplication, but our understanding of how ZYG-1 levels are regulated remains incomplete. We have identified the two PP1 orthologs, GSP-1 and GSP-2, and their regulators I-2SZY-2 and SDS-22 as key regulators of ZYG-1 protein levels. We find that down-regulation of PP1 activity either directly, or by mutation of szy-2 or sds-22 can rescue the loss of centriole duplication associated with a zyg-1 hypomorphic allele. Suppression is achieved through an increase in ZYG-1 levels, and our data indicate that PP1 normally regulates ZYG-1 through a post-translational mechanism. While moderate inhibition of PP1 activity can restore centriole duplication to a zyg-1 mutant, strong inhibition of PP1 in a wild-type background leads to centriole amplification via the production of more than one daughter centriole. Our results thus define a new pathway that limits the number of daughter centrioles produced each cycle. The centrosomes are responsible for organizing the mitotic spindle a microtubule-based structure that centers, then segregates, the chromosomes during cell division. When a cell divides it normally possesses two centrosomes, allowing it to build a bipolar spindle and accurately segregate the chromosomes to two daughter cells. Appropriate control of centrosome number is therefore crucial to maintaining genome stability. Centrosome number is largely controlled by their regulated duplication. In particular, the protein Plk4, which is essential for duplication, must be strictly limited as an overabundance leads to excess centrosome duplication. We have identified protein phosphatase 1 as a critical regulator of the C. elegans Plk4 homolog (known as ZYG-1). When protein phosphatase 1 is down-regulated, ZYG-1 levels increase leading to centrosome amplification. Thus our work identifies a novel mechanism that limits centrosome duplication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Peel
- Department of Biology, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, NJ, United States of America
- * E-mail: (NP); (KFO)
| | - Jyoti Iyer
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Genetics, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 8 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Anar Naik
- Department of Biology, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, NJ, United States of America
| | - Michael P. Dougherty
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Genetics, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 8 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Markus Decker
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Kevin F. O’Connell
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Genetics, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 8 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
- * E-mail: (NP); (KFO)
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42
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Plk4 Promotes Cancer Invasion and Metastasis through Arp2/3 Complex Regulation of the Actin Cytoskeleton. Cancer Res 2016; 77:434-447. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-2060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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43
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McSkimming DI, Dastgheib S, Baffi TR, Byrne DP, Ferries S, Scott ST, Newton AC, Eyers CE, Kochut KJ, Eyers PA, Kannan N. KinView: a visual comparative sequence analysis tool for integrated kinome research. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2016; 12:3651-3665. [PMID: 27731453 PMCID: PMC5508867 DOI: 10.1039/c6mb00466k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sequence alignments (MSAs) are a fundamental analysis tool used throughout biology to investigate relationships between protein sequence, structure, function, evolutionary history, and patterns of disease-associated variants. However, their widespread application in systems biology research is currently hindered by the lack of user-friendly tools to simultaneously visualize, manipulate and query the information conceptualized in large sequence alignments, and the challenges in integrating MSAs with multiple orthogonal data such as cancer variants and post-translational modifications, which are often stored in heterogeneous data sources and formats. Here, we present the Multiple Sequence Alignment Ontology (MSAOnt), which represents a profile or consensus alignment in an ontological format. Subsets of the alignment are easily selected through the SPARQL Protocol and RDF Query Language for downstream statistical analysis or visualization. We have also created the Kinome Viewer (KinView), an interactive integrative visualization that places eukaryotic protein kinase cancer variants in the context of natural sequence variation and experimentally determined post-translational modifications, which play central roles in the regulation of cellular signaling pathways. Using KinView, we identified differential phosphorylation patterns between tyrosine and serine/threonine kinases in the activation segment, a major kinase regulatory region that is often mutated in proliferative diseases. We discuss cancer variants that disrupt phosphorylation sites in the activation segment, and show how KinView can be used as a comparative tool to identify differences and similarities in natural variation, cancer variants and post-translational modifications between kinase groups, families and subfamilies. Based on KinView comparisons, we identify and experimentally characterize a regulatory tyrosine (Y177PLK4) in the PLK4 C-terminal activation segment region termed the P+1 loop. To further demonstrate the application of KinView in hypothesis generation and testing, we formulate and validate a hypothesis explaining a novel predicted loss-of-function variant (D523NPKCβ) in the regulatory spine of PKCβ, a recently identified tumor suppressor kinase. KinView provides a novel, extensible interface for performing comparative analyses between subsets of kinases and for integrating multiple types of residue specific annotations in user friendly formats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shima Dastgheib
- Department of Computer Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Timothy R Baffi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Dominic P Byrne
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Samantha Ferries
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Steven Thomas Scott
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Alexandra C Newton
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Claire E Eyers
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Krzysztof J Kochut
- Department of Computer Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Patrick A Eyers
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Natarajan Kannan
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA. and Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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44
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Fournier M, Orpinell M, Grauffel C, Scheer E, Garnier JM, Ye T, Chavant V, Joint M, Esashi F, Dejaegere A, Gönczy P, Tora L. KAT2A/KAT2B-targeted acetylome reveals a role for PLK4 acetylation in preventing centrosome amplification. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13227. [PMID: 27796307 PMCID: PMC5095585 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysine acetylation is a widespread post-translational modification regulating various biological processes. To characterize cellular functions of the human lysine acetyltransferases KAT2A (GCN5) and KAT2B (PCAF), we determined their acetylome by shotgun proteomics. One of the newly identified KAT2A/2B substrate is polo-like kinase 4 (PLK4), a key regulator of centrosome duplication. We demonstrate that KAT2A/2B acetylate the PLK4 kinase domain on residues K45 and K46. Molecular dynamics modelling suggests that K45/K46 acetylation impairs kinase activity by shifting the kinase to an inactive conformation. Accordingly, PLK4 activity is reduced upon in vitro acetylation of its kinase domain. Moreover, the overexpression of the PLK4 K45R/K46R mutant in cells does not lead to centrosome overamplification, as observed with wild-type PLK4. We also find that impairing KAT2A/2B-acetyltransferase activity results in diminished phosphorylation of PLK4 and in excess centrosome numbers in cells. Overall, our study identifies the global human KAT2A/2B acetylome and uncovers that KAT2A/2B acetylation of PLK4 prevents centrosome amplification. The acetyltransferases KAT2A and KAT2B are essential regulators of transcription, cell cycle progression and DNA repair. Here the authors describe a KAT2A/2B-dependent acetylome, and show that acetylation of the protein kinase PLK4 contributes to the regulation of centrosome number.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjorie Fournier
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), 67404 Illkirch, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, 67404 Illkirch, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, 67404 Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France.,Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Meritxell Orpinell
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Cédric Grauffel
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), 67404 Illkirch, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, 67404 Illkirch, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, 67404 Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Elisabeth Scheer
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), 67404 Illkirch, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, 67404 Illkirch, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, 67404 Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Jean-Marie Garnier
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), 67404 Illkirch, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, 67404 Illkirch, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, 67404 Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Tao Ye
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), 67404 Illkirch, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, 67404 Illkirch, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, 67404 Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Virginie Chavant
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), 67404 Illkirch, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, 67404 Illkirch, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, 67404 Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Mathilde Joint
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), 67404 Illkirch, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, 67404 Illkirch, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, 67404 Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Fumiko Esashi
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Annick Dejaegere
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), 67404 Illkirch, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, 67404 Illkirch, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, 67404 Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Pierre Gönczy
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - László Tora
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), 67404 Illkirch, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, 67404 Illkirch, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, 67404 Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France
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45
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Novel compound heterozygous variants in PLK4 identified in a patient with autosomal recessive microcephaly and chorioretinopathy. Eur J Hum Genet 2016; 24:1702-1706. [PMID: 27650967 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2016.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been well documented that variants in genes encoding centrosomal proteins cause primary autosomal recessive microcephaly, although the association between centrosomal defects and the etiology of microcephaly syndromes is not fully understood. Polo-like kinase 4 (PLK4) is one of the centrosomal proteins required for centriole duplication. We here describe a patient with microcephaly and chorioretinopathy that harbors compound heterozygous missense variants, c.[442A>G]; [2336G>A], in the PLK4 gene. One of these variants, c.442A>G (p.(M148V)), resides in the kinase domain, and the other, c.2336G>A (p.(C779Y)), in the polo-box domain. Aberrant spindle formation was observed in a LCL derived from this patient. Overexpression experiments of the variant PLK4 proteins demonstrated that the p.(C779Y) but not the p.(M148V) had lost centriole overduplication ability. The altered mobility pattern of both variant proteins on a western blot further suggested alterations in post-translation modification. Our data lend support to the hypothesis that impaired centriole duplication caused by PLK4 variants may be involved in the etiology of microcephaly disorder.
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46
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Brunk K, Zhu M, Bärenz F, Kratz AS, Haselmann-Weiss U, Antony C, Hoffmann I. Cep78 is a new centriolar protein involved in Plk4-induced centriole overduplication. J Cell Sci 2016; 129:2713-8. [PMID: 27246242 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.184093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Centrioles are core components of centrosomes, the major microtubule-organizing centers of animal cells, and act as basal bodies for cilia formation. Control of centriole number is therefore crucial for genome stability and embryogenesis. Centriole duplication requires the serine/threonine protein kinase Plk4. Here, we identify Cep78 as a human centrosomal protein and a new interaction partner of Plk4. Cep78 is mainly a centriolar protein that localizes to the centriolar wall. Furthermore, we find that Plk4 binds to Cep78 through its N-terminal domain but that Cep78 is not an in vitro Plk4 substrate. Cep78 colocalizes with Plk4 at centrioles and is required for Plk4-induced centriole overduplication. Interestingly, upon depletion of Cep78, newly synthesized Plk4 is not localized to centrosomes. Our results suggest that the interaction between Cep78 and the N-terminal catalytic domain of Plk4 is a new and important element in the centrosome overduplication process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Brunk
- Cell Cycle Control and Carcinogenesis (F045) German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ, Im Neuenheimer Feld 242, Heidelberg D-69120, Germany
| | - Mei Zhu
- Cell Cycle Control and Carcinogenesis (F045) German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ, Im Neuenheimer Feld 242, Heidelberg D-69120, Germany
| | - Felix Bärenz
- Cell Cycle Control and Carcinogenesis (F045) German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ, Im Neuenheimer Feld 242, Heidelberg D-69120, Germany
| | - Anne-Sophie Kratz
- Cell Cycle Control and Carcinogenesis (F045) German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ, Im Neuenheimer Feld 242, Heidelberg D-69120, Germany
| | - Uta Haselmann-Weiss
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstr. 1, Heidelberg D-69117, Germany
| | - Claude Antony
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstr. 1, Heidelberg D-69117, Germany
| | - Ingrid Hoffmann
- Cell Cycle Control and Carcinogenesis (F045) German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ, Im Neuenheimer Feld 242, Heidelberg D-69120, Germany
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47
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Yeon JH, Heinkel F, Sung M, Na D, Gsponer J. Systems-wide Identification of cis-Regulatory Elements in Proteins. Cell Syst 2016; 2:89-100. [PMID: 27135163 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Protein interactions in cis that can activate or autoinhibit protein function play an important role in the fine-tuning of regulatory and signaling processes in the cell, but thus far cis-regulatory elements (CREs) in proteins have not been systematically identified and studied. Here, we introduce a computational tool that identifies intrinsically disordered protein segments that contribute to protein function regulation via interactions in cis. We apply this tool to estimate the prevalence of CREs in the human proteome and reveal that cis regulation is enriched in several signaling pathways, including the MAP kinase pathway, for which we provide a detailed map of its "cis regulome." We also show that disease-causing mutations are highly enriched in CREs, but not in motifs that classically mediate protein-protein interactions of disordered protein segments. Our approach should facilitate the discovery and characterization of CREs in proteins and the identification of disease-causing mutations that disrupt protein regulation in cis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Hun Yeon
- Department of Integrative Bioscience, University of Brain Education, 284-31 Gyocheonjisan-gil, Mokcheon-eup, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do 31228, Republic of Korea
| | - Florian Heinkel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, 2125 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Minhui Sung
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Dokyun Na
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea; Centre for High-Throughput Biology, University of British Columbia, 2125 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
| | - Jörg Gsponer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, 2125 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; Centre for High-Throughput Biology, University of British Columbia, 2125 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
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48
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PLK4 trans-Autoactivation Controls Centriole Biogenesis in Space. Dev Cell 2015; 35:222-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2015.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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49
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Dong G. Building a ninefold symmetrical barrel: structural dissections of centriole assembly. Open Biol 2015; 5:150082. [PMID: 26269428 PMCID: PMC4554922 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.150082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Centrioles are short microtubule-based organelles with a conserved ninefold symmetry. They are essential for both centrosome formation and cilium biogenesis in most eukaryotes. A core set of five centriolar proteins has been identified and their sequential recruitment to procentrioles has been established. However, structures at atomic resolution for most of the centriolar components were scarce, and the underlying molecular mechanisms for centriole assembly had been a mystery--until recently. In this review, I briefly summarize recent advancements in high-resolution structural characterization of the core centriolar components and discuss perspectives in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Dong
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1030, Austria
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50
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Arquint C, Gabryjonczyk AM, Imseng S, Böhm R, Sauer E, Hiller S, Nigg EA, Maier T. STIL binding to Polo-box 3 of PLK4 regulates centriole duplication. eLife 2015; 4. [PMID: 26188084 PMCID: PMC4530586 DOI: 10.7554/elife.07888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Polo-like kinases (PLK) are eukaryotic regulators of cell cycle progression, mitosis and cytokinesis; PLK4 is a master regulator of centriole duplication. Here, we demonstrate that the SCL/TAL1 interrupting locus (STIL) protein interacts via its coiled-coil region (STIL-CC) with PLK4 in vivo. STIL-CC is the first identified interaction partner of Polo-box 3 (PB3) of PLK4 and also uses a secondary interaction site in the PLK4 L1 region. Structure determination of free PLK4-PB3 and its STIL-CC complex via NMR and crystallography reveals a novel mode of Polo-box-peptide interaction mimicking coiled-coil formation. In vivo analysis of structure-guided STIL mutants reveals distinct binding modes to PLK4-PB3 and L1, as well as interplay of STIL oligomerization with PLK4 binding. We suggest that the STIL-CC/PLK4 interaction mediates PLK4 activation as well as stabilization of centriolar PLK4 and plays a key role in centriole duplication.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Raphael Böhm
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Evelyn Sauer
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Erich A Nigg
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Timm Maier
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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