1
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Estry A, Putzke C, Guo C, Bachmann M, Duvakina A, Posva F, Diaz J, Gawryluk DJ, Medarde M, Moll P. Elastic moduli from crystalline micro-mechanical oscillators carved by focused ion beam. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2024; 95:073905. [PMID: 38953722 DOI: 10.1063/5.0209907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
The elastic moduli provide unique insights into the thermodynamics of quantum materials, particularly into the symmetries broken at their phase transition. Here, we present a workflow to carve crystalline resonators via focused ion beam milling from small and oddly shaped crystals unsuitable for traditional measurements of elasticity. The accuracy of this technique is first established in silicon. Next, we showcase the capacity to probe changes in the electronic state with a resolution on the measured resonance frequency as small as 0.01% on YNiO3, a rare-earth perovskite nickelate, in which bulk single crystals have typical length scales of ≈40μm. Here, we observe a sharp 0.2% discontinuity in Young's modulus of an YNiO3 cantilever at a magnetic phase transition. Finally, an additional potential of using free-standing cantilevers as a tool for examining the time-dependence of chemical changes is illustrated by laser-heating YNiO3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia Estry
- Institute of Materials (IMX), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Vaud, Switzerland
| | - Carsten Putzke
- Institute of Materials (IMX), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Vaud, Switzerland
- Max Planck Institute for Structure and Dynamics of Matter, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Chunyu Guo
- Institute of Materials (IMX), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Vaud, Switzerland
- Max Planck Institute for Structure and Dynamics of Matter, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maja Bachmann
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Phyiscs of Solids, 01187 Dresden, Saxony, Germany
| | - Anna Duvakina
- Institute of Materials (IMX), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Vaud, Switzerland
| | - Ferdinand Posva
- Institute of Materials (IMX), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Vaud, Switzerland
| | - Jonas Diaz
- Institute of Materials (IMX), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Vaud, Switzerland
| | - Dariusz J Gawryluk
- Laboratory for Multiscale Materials Experiments, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Aargau, Switzerland
| | - Marisa Medarde
- Laboratory for Multiscale Materials Experiments, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Aargau, Switzerland
| | - Philip Moll
- Institute of Materials (IMX), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Vaud, Switzerland
- Max Planck Institute for Structure and Dynamics of Matter, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
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2
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Mizzi CA, Maiorov B. Enabling resonant ultrasound spectroscopy in high magnetic fields. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2024; 155:3505-3520. [PMID: 38804818 DOI: 10.1121/10.0026124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Resonant ultrasound spectroscopy (RUS) is a powerful method to determine elastic constants with high accuracy and precision from a single measurement of the mechanical resonances of a sample. Conventionally, the quantitative extraction of elastic moduli with RUS assumes free boundary conditions which can often lead to the adoption of unstable sample positioning between ultrasonic transducers that is incompatible with extreme environments like high magnetic fields. We show that, under specific conditions, introducing a small amount of adhesive between a RUS sample and ultrasonic transducers introduces a perturbation to the free resonance condition which can be accounted for by a simple model. This means elastic constants can be determined to within the uncertainty of conventional RUS, but with significant improvements including sample stability and control of sample orientation. We demonstrate the efficacy of this approach with measurements on a range of materials including room temperature measurements on polycrystalline metals, temperature-dependent measurements of the structural phase transition in strontium titanate single crystals, and magnetic field-dependent measurements of magnetic phase transitions in gadolinium polycrystals up to 14 T.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Boris Maiorov
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
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3
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Theuss F, Simarro GDLF, Shragai A, Grissonnanche G, Hayes IM, Saha S, Shishidou T, Chen T, Nakatsuji S, Ran S, Weinert M, Butch NP, Paglione J, Ramshaw BJ. Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy for Irregularly Shaped Samples and Its Application to Uranium Ditelluride. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:066003. [PMID: 38394590 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.066003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Resonant ultrasound spectroscopy (RUS) is a powerful technique for measuring the full elastic tensor of a given material in a single experiment. Previously, this technique was practically limited to regularly shaped samples such as rectangular parallelepipeds, spheres, and cylinders [W. M. Visscher et al. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 90, 2154 (1991)JASMAN0001-496610.1121/1.401643]. We demonstrate a new method for determining the elastic moduli of irregularly shaped samples, extending the applicability of RUS to a much larger set of materials. We apply this new approach to the recently discovered unconventional superconductor UTe_{2} and provide its elastic tensor at both 300 and 4 kelvin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Theuss
- Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | | | - Avi Shragai
- Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Gael Grissonnanche
- Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Ian M Hayes
- Quantum Materials Center, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Shanta Saha
- Quantum Materials Center, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Tatsuya Shishidou
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - Taishi Chen
- The Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - Satoru Nakatsuji
- The Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
- Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Institute for Quantum Matter and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
- Trans-scale Quantum Science Institute, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Sheng Ran
- Department of Physics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - Michael Weinert
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - Nicholas P Butch
- Quantum Materials Center, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - Johnpierre Paglione
- Quantum Materials Center, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - B J Ramshaw
- Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
- Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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4
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Shragai A, Theuss F, Grissonnanche G, Ramshaw BJ. Rapid method for computing the mechanical resonances of irregular objects. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2023; 153:119. [PMID: 36732270 DOI: 10.1121/10.0016813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A solid object's geometry, density, and elastic moduli completely determine its spectrum of normal modes. Solving the inverse problem-determining a material's elastic moduli given a set of resonance frequencies and sample geometry-relies on the ability to compute resonance spectra accurately and efficiently. Established methods for calculating these spectra are either fast but limited to simple geometries, or are applicable to arbitrarily shaped samples at the cost of being prohibitively slow. Here, we describe a method to rapidly compute the normal modes of irregularly shaped objects using entirely open-source software. Our method's accuracy compares favorably with existing methods for simple geometries and shows a significant improvement in speed over existing methods for irregular geometries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avi Shragai
- Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Florian Theuss
- Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Gaël Grissonnanche
- Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - B J Ramshaw
- Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
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5
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Vallejo KD, Kabir F, Poudel N, Marianetti CA, Hurley DH, Simmonds PJ, Dennett CA, Gofryk K. Advances in actinide thin films: synthesis, properties, and future directions. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2022; 85:123101. [PMID: 36179676 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/ac968e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Actinide-based compounds exhibit unique physics due to the presence of 5f electrons, and serve in many cases as important technological materials. Targeted thin film synthesis of actinide materials has been successful in generating high-purity specimens in which to study individual physical phenomena. These films have enabled the study of the unique electron configuration, strong mass renormalization, and nuclear decay in actinide metals and compounds. The growth of these films, as well as their thermophysical, magnetic, and topological properties, have been studied in a range of chemistries, albeit far fewer than most classes of thin film systems. This relative scarcity is the result of limited source material availability and safety constraints associated with the handling of radioactive materials. Here, we review recent work on the synthesis and characterization of actinide-based thin films in detail, describing both synthesis methods and modeling techniques for these materials. We review reports on pyrometallurgical, solution-based, and vapor deposition methods. We highlight the current state-of-the-art in order to construct a path forward to higher quality actinide thin films and heterostructure devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin D Vallejo
- Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, ID 83415,United States of America
| | - Firoza Kabir
- Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, ID 83415,United States of America
- Glenn T Seaborg Institute, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, ID 83415, United States of America
| | - Narayan Poudel
- Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, ID 83415,United States of America
| | - Chris A Marianetti
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, United States of America
| | - David H Hurley
- Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, ID 83415,United States of America
| | - Paul J Simmonds
- Department of Physics, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, United States of America
- Micron School of Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725,United States of America
| | - Cody A Dennett
- Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, ID 83415,United States of America
| | - Krzysztof Gofryk
- Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, ID 83415,United States of America
- Glenn T Seaborg Institute, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, ID 83415, United States of America
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6
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Caciuffo R, Lander GH. X-ray synchrotron radiation studies of actinide materials. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2021; 28:1692-1708. [PMID: 34738923 PMCID: PMC8570219 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577521009413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
By reviewing a selection of X-ray diffraction (XRD), resonant X-ray scattering (RXS), X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD), resonant and non-resonant inelastic scattering (RIXS, NIXS), and dispersive inelastic scattering (IXS) experiments, the potential of synchrotron radiation techniques in studying lattice and electronic structure, hybridization effects, multipolar order and lattice dynamics in actinide materials is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Caciuffo
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Postfach 2340, D-76125 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Gerard H. Lander
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Postfach 2340, D-76125 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Interface Analysis Centre, School of Physics, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TL, United Kingdom
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7
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Ghosh S, Matty M, Baumbach R, Bauer ED, Modic KA, Shekhter A, Mydosh JA, Kim EA, Ramshaw BJ. One-component order parameter in URu 2Si 2 uncovered by resonant ultrasound spectroscopy and machine learning. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaaz4074. [PMID: 32181367 PMCID: PMC7060057 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz4074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The unusual correlated state that emerges in URu2Si2 below T HO = 17.5 K is known as "hidden order" because even basic characteristics of the order parameter, such as its dimensionality (whether it has one component or two), are "hidden." We use resonant ultrasound spectroscopy to measure the symmetry-resolved elastic anomalies across T HO. We observe no anomalies in the shear elastic moduli, providing strong thermodynamic evidence for a one-component order parameter. We develop a machine learning framework that reaches this conclusion directly from the raw data, even in a crystal that is too small for traditional resonant ultrasound. Our result rules out a broad class of theories of hidden order based on two-component order parameters, and constrains the nature of the fluctuations from which unconventional superconductivity emerges at lower temperature. Our machine learning framework is a powerful new tool for classifying the ubiquitous competing orders in correlated electron systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayak Ghosh
- Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Michael Matty
- Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Ryan Baumbach
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | - Eric D. Bauer
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - K. A. Modic
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Dresden 01187, Germany
| | - Arkady Shekhter
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | - J. A. Mydosh
- Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory and Institute Lorentz, Leiden University, 2300RA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Eun-Ah Kim
- Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - B. J. Ramshaw
- Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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8
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Balakirev FF, Ennaceur SM, Migliori RJ, Maiorov B, Migliori A. Resonant ultrasound spectroscopy: The essential toolbox. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2019; 90:121401. [PMID: 31893774 DOI: 10.1063/1.5123165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy (RUS) is an ultrasound-based minimal-effort high-accuracy elastic modulus measurement technique. RUS as described here uses the mechanical resonances (normal modes of vibration or just modes) of rectangular parallelepiped or cylindrical specimens with a dimension of from a fraction of a millimeter to as large as will fit into the apparatus. Provided here is all that is needed so that the reader can construct and use a state-of-the-art RUS system. Included are links to open-source circuit diagrams, links to download Los Alamos National Laboratory open-source data acquisition software, links to request free analysis software, procedures for acquiring measurements, considerations on building transducers, 3-D printed stage designs, and a full mathematical explanation of how the analysis software extracts elastic moduli from resonances.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Susan M Ennaceur
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | | | - Boris Maiorov
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Albert Migliori
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
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9
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Bachmann MD, Ferguson GM, Theuss F, Meng T, Putzke C, Helm T, Shirer KR, Li YS, Modic KA, Nicklas M, König M, Low D, Ghosh S, Mackenzie AP, Arnold F, Hassinger E, McDonald RD, Winter LE, Bauer ED, Ronning F, Ramshaw BJ, Nowack KC, Moll PJW. Spatial control of heavy-fermion superconductivity in CeIrIn5. Science 2019; 366:221-226. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aao6640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Although crystals of strongly correlated metals exhibit a diverse set of electronic ground states, few approaches exist for spatially modulating their properties. In this study, we demonstrate disorder-free control, on the micrometer scale, over the superconducting state in samples of the heavy-fermion superconductor CeIrIn5. We pattern crystals by focused ion beam milling to tailor the boundary conditions for the elastic deformation upon thermal contraction during cooling. The resulting nonuniform strain fields induce complex patterns of superconductivity, owing to the strong dependence of the transition temperature on the strength and direction of strain. These results showcase a generic approach to manipulating electronic order on micrometer length scales in strongly correlated matter without compromising the cleanliness, stoichiometry, or mean free path.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja D. Bachmann
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, D-01187 Dresden, Germany
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews KY16 9SS, UK
| | - G. M. Ferguson
- Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Florian Theuss
- Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Tobias Meng
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Technical University Dresden, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Carsten Putzke
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, D-01187 Dresden, Germany
- Institute of Material Science and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédéral de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Toni Helm
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, D-01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - K. R. Shirer
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, D-01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - You-Sheng Li
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, D-01187 Dresden, Germany
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews KY16 9SS, UK
| | - K. A. Modic
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, D-01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Nicklas
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, D-01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Markus König
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, D-01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - D. Low
- Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Sayak Ghosh
- Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Andrew P. Mackenzie
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, D-01187 Dresden, Germany
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews KY16 9SS, UK
| | - Frank Arnold
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, D-01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Elena Hassinger
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, D-01187 Dresden, Germany
- Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, Garching, D-85748 Germany
| | | | | | - Eric D. Bauer
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - Filip Ronning
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - B. J. Ramshaw
- Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Katja C. Nowack
- Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Philip J. W. Moll
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, D-01187 Dresden, Germany
- Institute of Material Science and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédéral de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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10
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Modic KA, Bachmann MD, Ramshaw BJ, Arnold F, Shirer KR, Estry A, Betts JB, Ghimire NJ, Bauer ED, Schmidt M, Baenitz M, Svanidze E, McDonald RD, Shekhter A, Moll PJW. Resonant torsion magnetometry in anisotropic quantum materials. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3975. [PMID: 30266902 PMCID: PMC6162279 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06412-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Unusual behavior in quantum materials commonly arises from their effective low-dimensional physics, reflecting the underlying anisotropy in the spin and charge degrees of freedom. Here we introduce the magnetotropic coefficient k = ∂2F/∂θ2, the second derivative of the free energy F with respect to the magnetic field orientation θ in the crystal. We show that the magnetotropic coefficient can be quantitatively determined from a shift in the resonant frequency of a commercially available atomic force microscopy cantilever under magnetic field. This detection method enables part per 100 million sensitivity and the ability to measure magnetic anisotropy in nanogram-scale samples, as demonstrated on the Weyl semimetal NbP. Measurement of the magnetotropic coefficient in the spin-liquid candidate RuCl3 highlights its sensitivity to anisotropic phase transitions and allows a quantitative comparison to other thermodynamic coefficients via the Ehrenfest relations.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Modic
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Noethnitzer Strasse 40, D-01187, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Maja D Bachmann
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Noethnitzer Strasse 40, D-01187, Dresden, Germany
| | - B J Ramshaw
- Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - F Arnold
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Noethnitzer Strasse 40, D-01187, Dresden, Germany
| | - K R Shirer
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Noethnitzer Strasse 40, D-01187, Dresden, Germany
| | - Amelia Estry
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Noethnitzer Strasse 40, D-01187, Dresden, Germany
| | - J B Betts
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Nirmal J Ghimire
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA.,Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - E D Bauer
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Marcus Schmidt
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Noethnitzer Strasse 40, D-01187, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Baenitz
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Noethnitzer Strasse 40, D-01187, Dresden, Germany
| | - E Svanidze
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Noethnitzer Strasse 40, D-01187, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Arkady Shekhter
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32310, USA
| | - Philip J W Moll
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Noethnitzer Strasse 40, D-01187, Dresden, Germany. .,EPFL STI IMX-GE MXC 240, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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11
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Li Y, Liu M, Fu Z, Chen X, Yang F, Yang YF. Gap Symmetry of the Heavy Fermion Superconductor CeCu_{2}Si_{2} at Ambient Pressure. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:217001. [PMID: 29883182 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.217001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Recent observations of two nodeless gaps in superconducting CeCu_{2}Si_{2} have raised intensive debates on its exact gap symmetry, while a satisfactory theoretical basis is still lacking. Here we propose a phenomenological approach to calculate the superconducting gap functions, taking into consideration both the realistic Fermi surface topology and the intra- and interband quantum critical scatterings. Our calculations yield a nodeless s^{±}-wave solution in the presence of strong interband pairing interaction, in good agreement with experiments. This provides a possible basis for understanding the superconducting gap symmetry of CeCu_{2}Si_{2} at ambient pressure and indicates the potential importance of multiple Fermi surfaces and interband pairing interaction in understanding heavy fermion superconductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Min Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- College of Physical Science and Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Zhaoming Fu
- College of Physics and Material Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Xiangrong Chen
- College of Physical Science and Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Fan Yang
- School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yi-Feng Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100190, China
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12
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Magnani N, Eloirdi R, Wilhelm F, Colineau E, Griveau JC, Shick AB, Lander GH, Rogalev A, Caciuffo R. Probing Magnetism in the Vortex Phase of PuCoGa_{5} by X-Ray Magnetic Circular Dichroism. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:157204. [PMID: 29077471 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.157204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We measure x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) spectra at the Pu M_{4,5} absorption edges from a newly prepared high-quality single crystal of the heavy-fermion superconductor ^{242}PuCoGa_{5}, exhibiting a critical temperature T_{c}=18.7 K. The experiment probes the vortex phase below T_{c} and shows that an external magnetic field induces a Pu 5f magnetic moment at 2 K equal to the temperature-independent moment measured in the normal phase up to 300 K by a superconducting quantum interference device. This observation is in agreement with theoretical models claiming that the Pu atoms in PuCoGa_{5} have a nonmagnetic singlet ground state resulting from the hybridization of the conduction electrons with the intermediate-valence 5f electronic shell. Unexpectedly, XMCD spectra show that the orbital component of the 5f magnetic moment increases significantly between 30 and 2 K; the antiparallel spin component increases as well, leaving the total moment practically constant. We suggest that this indicates a low-temperature breakdown of the complete Kondo-like screening of the local 5f moment.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Magnani
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Directorate for Nuclear Safety and Security, Postfach 2340, D-76125 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - R Eloirdi
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Directorate for Nuclear Safety and Security, Postfach 2340, D-76125 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - F Wilhelm
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), B.P.220, F-38043 Grenoble, France
| | - E Colineau
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Directorate for Nuclear Safety and Security, Postfach 2340, D-76125 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - J-C Griveau
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Directorate for Nuclear Safety and Security, Postfach 2340, D-76125 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A B Shick
- Institute of Physics, ASCR, Na Slovance 2, CZ-18221 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - G H Lander
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Directorate for Nuclear Safety and Security, Postfach 2340, D-76125 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A Rogalev
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), B.P.220, F-38043 Grenoble, France
| | - R Caciuffo
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Directorate for Nuclear Safety and Security, Postfach 2340, D-76125 Karlsruhe, Germany
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Origin of the multiple configurations that drive the response of δ-plutonium's elastic moduli to temperature. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:11158-11161. [PMID: 27647904 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1609215113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The electronic and thermodynamic complexity of plutonium has resisted a fundamental understanding for this important elemental metal. A critical test of any theory is the unusual softening of the bulk modulus with increasing temperature, a result that is counterintuitive because no or very little change in the atomic volume is observed upon heating. This unexpected behavior has in the past been attributed to competing but never-observed electronic states with different bonding properties similar to the scenario with magnetic states in Invar alloys. Using the recent observation of plutonium dynamic magnetism, we construct a theory for plutonium that agrees with relevant measurements by using density-functional-theory (DFT) calculations with no free parameters to compute the effect of longitudinal spin fluctuations on the temperature dependence of the bulk moduli in δ-Pu. We show that the softening with temperature can be understood in terms of a continuous distribution of thermally activated spin fluctuations.
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