1
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Theuss F, Simarro GDLF, Shragai A, Grissonnanche G, Hayes IM, Saha S, Shishidou T, Chen T, Nakatsuji S, Ran S, Weinert M, Butch NP, Paglione J, Ramshaw BJ. Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy for Irregularly Shaped Samples and Its Application to Uranium Ditelluride. Phys Rev Lett 2024; 132:066003. [PMID: 38394590 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.066003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Resonant ultrasound spectroscopy (RUS) is a powerful technique for measuring the full elastic tensor of a given material in a single experiment. Previously, this technique was practically limited to regularly shaped samples such as rectangular parallelepipeds, spheres, and cylinders [W. M. Visscher et al. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 90, 2154 (1991)JASMAN0001-496610.1121/1.401643]. We demonstrate a new method for determining the elastic moduli of irregularly shaped samples, extending the applicability of RUS to a much larger set of materials. We apply this new approach to the recently discovered unconventional superconductor UTe_{2} and provide its elastic tensor at both 300 and 4 kelvin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Theuss
- Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | | | - Avi Shragai
- Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Gael Grissonnanche
- Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Ian M Hayes
- Quantum Materials Center, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Shanta Saha
- Quantum Materials Center, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Tatsuya Shishidou
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - Taishi Chen
- The Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - Satoru Nakatsuji
- The Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
- Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Institute for Quantum Matter and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
- Trans-scale Quantum Science Institute, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Sheng Ran
- Department of Physics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - Michael Weinert
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - Nicholas P Butch
- Quantum Materials Center, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - Johnpierre Paglione
- Quantum Materials Center, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - B J Ramshaw
- Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
- Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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2
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Fang Y, Xu Y, Kang K, Davaji B, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Lal A, Mak KF, Shan J, Ramshaw BJ. Quantum Oscillations in Graphene Using Surface Acoustic Wave Resonators. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 130:246201. [PMID: 37390413 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.246201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Surface acoustic waves (SAWs) provide a contactless method for measuring wave-vector-dependent conductivity. This technique has been used to discover emergent length scales in the fractional quantum Hall regime of traditional, semiconductor-based heterostructures. SAWs would appear to be an ideal match for van der Waals heterostructures, but the right combination of substrate and experimental geometry to allow access to the quantum transport regime has not yet been found. We demonstrate that SAW resonant cavities fabricated on LiNbO_{3} substrates can be used to access the quantum Hall regime of high-mobility, hexagonal boron nitride encapsulated, graphene heterostructures. Our work establishes SAW resonant cavities as a viable platform for performing contactless conductivity measurements in the quantum transport regime of van der Waals materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawen Fang
- Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Yang Xu
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics and Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Kaifei Kang
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Benyamin Davaji
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | | | - Amit Lal
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Kin Fai Mak
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics and Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Jie Shan
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics and Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - B J Ramshaw
- Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
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3
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Shragai A, Theuss F, Grissonnanche G, Ramshaw BJ. Rapid method for computing the mechanical resonances of irregular objects. J Acoust Soc Am 2023; 153:119. [PMID: 36732270 DOI: 10.1121/10.0016813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A solid object's geometry, density, and elastic moduli completely determine its spectrum of normal modes. Solving the inverse problem-determining a material's elastic moduli given a set of resonance frequencies and sample geometry-relies on the ability to compute resonance spectra accurately and efficiently. Established methods for calculating these spectra are either fast but limited to simple geometries, or are applicable to arbitrarily shaped samples at the cost of being prohibitively slow. Here, we describe a method to rapidly compute the normal modes of irregularly shaped objects using entirely open-source software. Our method's accuracy compares favorably with existing methods for simple geometries and shows a significant improvement in speed over existing methods for irregular geometries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avi Shragai
- Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Florian Theuss
- Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Gaël Grissonnanche
- Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - B J Ramshaw
- Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
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4
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Lu Z, Hollister P, Ozerov M, Moon S, Bauer ED, Ronning F, Smirnov D, Ju L, Ramshaw BJ. Weyl Fermion magneto-electrodynamics and ultralow field quantum limit in TaAs. Sci Adv 2022; 8:eabj1076. [PMID: 35030016 PMCID: PMC8759752 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj1076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Topological semimetals are predicted to exhibit unconventional electrodynamics, but a central experimental challenge is singling out the contributions from the topological bands. TaAs is the prototypical example, where 24 Weyl points and 8 trivial Fermi surfaces make the interpretation of any experiment in terms of band topology ambiguous. We report magneto-infrared reflection spectroscopy measurements on TaAs. We observed sharp inter-Landau level transitions from a single pocket of Weyl Fermions in magnetic fields as low as 0.4 tesla. We determine the W2 Weyl point to be 8.3 meV below the Fermi energy, corresponding to a quantum limit—the field required to reach the lowest LL—of 0.8 tesla—unprecedentedly low for Weyl Fermions. LL spectroscopy allows us to isolate these Weyl Fermions from all other carriers in TaAs, and our result provides a way for directly exploring the more exotic quantum phenomena in Weyl semimetals, such as the chiral anomaly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengguang Lu
- Department of physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Patrick Hollister
- Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Mykhaylo Ozerov
- National High Magnetic Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | - Seongphill Moon
- National High Magnetic Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
- Department of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | | | | | - Dmitry Smirnov
- National High Magnetic Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | - Long Ju
- Department of physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - B. J. Ramshaw
- Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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5
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Li C, Ma H, Li T, Dai J, Rasel MAJ, Mattoni A, Alatas A, Thomas MG, Rouse ZW, Shragai A, Baker SP, Ramshaw BJ, Feser JP, Mitzi DB, Tian Z. Remarkably Weak Anisotropy in Thermal Conductivity of Two-Dimensional Hybrid Perovskite Butylammonium Lead Iodide Crystals. Nano Lett 2021; 21:3708-3714. [PMID: 33938755 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c04550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites consisting of alternating organic and inorganic layers are a new class of layered structures. They have attracted increasing interest for photovoltaic, optoelectronic, and thermoelectric applications, where knowing their thermal transport properties is critical. We carry out both experimental and computational studies on thermal transport properties of 2D butylammonium lead iodide crystals and find their thermal conductivity is ultralow (below 0.3 W m-1 K-1) with very weak anisotropy (around 1.5) among layered crystals. Further analysis reveals that the unique structure with the preferential alignment of organic chains and complicated energy landscape leads to moderately smaller phonon lifetimes in the out-of-plane direction and comparable phonon group velocities in in-plane and out-of-plane directions. These new findings may guide the future design of novel hybrid materials with desired thermal conductivity for various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Li
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Hao Ma
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Tianyang Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Jinghang Dai
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Md Abu Jafar Rasel
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Alessandro Mattoni
- Istituto Officina dei Materiali (CNR-IOM) Cagliari, SLACS, Cittadella Universitaria, I-09042 Monserrato, California, Italy
| | - Ahmet Alatas
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Malcolm G Thomas
- Cornell Center for Materials Research, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Zachary W Rouse
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Avi Shragai
- Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Shefford P Baker
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - B J Ramshaw
- Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Joseph P Feser
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - David B Mitzi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Zhiting Tian
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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6
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Chan MK, McDonald RD, Ramshaw BJ, Betts JB, Shekhter A, Bauer ED, Harrison N. Extent of Fermi-surface reconstruction in the high-temperature superconductor HgBa 2CuO 4+δ. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:9782-9786. [PMID: 32317380 PMCID: PMC7211972 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1914166117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
High magnetic fields have revealed a surprisingly small Fermi surface in underdoped cuprates, possibly resulting from Fermi-surface reconstruction due to an order parameter that breaks translational symmetry of the crystal lattice. A crucial issue concerns the doping extent of such a state and its relationship to the principal pseudogap and superconducting phases. We employ pulsed magnetic-field measurements on the cuprate [Formula: see text]Cu[Formula: see text] to identify signatures of Fermi-surface reconstruction from a sign change of the Hall effect and a peak in the temperature-dependent planar resistivity. We trace the termination of Fermi-surface reconstruction to two hole concentrations where the superconducting upper critical fields are found to be enhanced. One of these points is associated with the pseudogap endpoint near optimal doping. These results connect the Fermi-surface reconstruction to both superconductivity and the pseudogap phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mun K Chan
- Pulsed Field Facility, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545;
| | - Ross D McDonald
- Pulsed Field Facility, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545
| | - B J Ramshaw
- Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Jon B Betts
- Pulsed Field Facility, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545
| | - Arkady Shekhter
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310
| | - Eric D Bauer
- Materials Physics and Applications-QUANTUM, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545
| | - Neil Harrison
- Pulsed Field Facility, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545
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7
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Ghosh S, Matty M, Baumbach R, Bauer ED, Modic KA, Shekhter A, Mydosh JA, Kim EA, Ramshaw BJ. One-component order parameter in URu 2Si 2 uncovered by resonant ultrasound spectroscopy and machine learning. Sci Adv 2020; 6:eaaz4074. [PMID: 32181367 PMCID: PMC7060057 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz4074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The unusual correlated state that emerges in URu2Si2 below T HO = 17.5 K is known as "hidden order" because even basic characteristics of the order parameter, such as its dimensionality (whether it has one component or two), are "hidden." We use resonant ultrasound spectroscopy to measure the symmetry-resolved elastic anomalies across T HO. We observe no anomalies in the shear elastic moduli, providing strong thermodynamic evidence for a one-component order parameter. We develop a machine learning framework that reaches this conclusion directly from the raw data, even in a crystal that is too small for traditional resonant ultrasound. Our result rules out a broad class of theories of hidden order based on two-component order parameters, and constrains the nature of the fluctuations from which unconventional superconductivity emerges at lower temperature. Our machine learning framework is a powerful new tool for classifying the ubiquitous competing orders in correlated electron systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayak Ghosh
- Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Michael Matty
- Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Ryan Baumbach
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | - Eric D. Bauer
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - K. A. Modic
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Dresden 01187, Germany
| | - Arkady Shekhter
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | - J. A. Mydosh
- Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory and Institute Lorentz, Leiden University, 2300RA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Eun-Ah Kim
- Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - B. J. Ramshaw
- Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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8
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Bachmann MD, Ferguson GM, Theuss F, Meng T, Putzke C, Helm T, Shirer KR, Li YS, Modic KA, Nicklas M, König M, Low D, Ghosh S, Mackenzie AP, Arnold F, Hassinger E, McDonald RD, Winter LE, Bauer ED, Ronning F, Ramshaw BJ, Nowack KC, Moll PJW. Spatial control of heavy-fermion superconductivity in CeIrIn5. Science 2019; 366:221-226. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aao6640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Although crystals of strongly correlated metals exhibit a diverse set of electronic ground states, few approaches exist for spatially modulating their properties. In this study, we demonstrate disorder-free control, on the micrometer scale, over the superconducting state in samples of the heavy-fermion superconductor CeIrIn5. We pattern crystals by focused ion beam milling to tailor the boundary conditions for the elastic deformation upon thermal contraction during cooling. The resulting nonuniform strain fields induce complex patterns of superconductivity, owing to the strong dependence of the transition temperature on the strength and direction of strain. These results showcase a generic approach to manipulating electronic order on micrometer length scales in strongly correlated matter without compromising the cleanliness, stoichiometry, or mean free path.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja D. Bachmann
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, D-01187 Dresden, Germany
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews KY16 9SS, UK
| | - G. M. Ferguson
- Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Florian Theuss
- Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Tobias Meng
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Technical University Dresden, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Carsten Putzke
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, D-01187 Dresden, Germany
- Institute of Material Science and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédéral de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Toni Helm
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, D-01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - K. R. Shirer
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, D-01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - You-Sheng Li
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, D-01187 Dresden, Germany
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews KY16 9SS, UK
| | - K. A. Modic
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, D-01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Nicklas
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, D-01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Markus König
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, D-01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - D. Low
- Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Sayak Ghosh
- Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Andrew P. Mackenzie
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, D-01187 Dresden, Germany
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews KY16 9SS, UK
| | - Frank Arnold
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, D-01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Elena Hassinger
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, D-01187 Dresden, Germany
- Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, Garching, D-85748 Germany
| | | | | | - Eric D. Bauer
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - Filip Ronning
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - B. J. Ramshaw
- Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Katja C. Nowack
- Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Philip J. W. Moll
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, D-01187 Dresden, Germany
- Institute of Material Science and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédéral de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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9
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Abstract
We present a high magnetic field study of NbP—a member of the monopnictide Weyl semimetal (WSM) family. While the monoarsenides (NbAs and TaAs) have topologically distinct left and right-handed Weyl fermi surfaces, NbP is argued to be “topologically trivial” due to the fact that all pairs of Weyl nodes are encompassed by a single Fermi surface. We use torque magnetometry to measure the magnetic response of NbP up to 60 tesla and uncover a Berry paramagnetic response, characteristic of the topological Weyl nodes, across the entire field range. At the quantum limit B* (≈32 T), τ/B experiences a change in slope when the chemical potential enters the last Landau level. Our calculations confirm that this magnetic response arises from band topology of the Weyl pocket, even though the Fermi surface encompasses both Weyl nodes at zero magnetic field. We also find that the magnetic field pulls the chemical potential to the chiral n = 0 Landau level in the quantum limit, providing a disorder-free way of accessing chiral Weyl fermions in systems that are “not quite” WSMs in zero magnetic field.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Modic
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Dresden, 01187, Germany.
| | - Tobias Meng
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Filip Ronning
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Eric D Bauer
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Philip J W Moll
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Dresden, 01187, Germany
| | - B J Ramshaw
- Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
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10
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Hayes IM, Hao Z, Maksimovic N, Lewin SK, Chan MK, McDonald RD, Ramshaw BJ, Moore JE, Analytis JG. Magnetoresistance Scaling Reveals Symmetries of the Strongly Correlated Dynamics in BaFe_{2}(As_{1-x}P_{x})_{2}. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 121:197002. [PMID: 30468585 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.197002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The phenomenon of T-linear resistivity commonly observed in a number of strange metals has been widely seen as evidence for the breakdown of the quasiparticle picture of metals. This study shows that a recently discovered H/T scaling relationship in the magnetoresistance of the strange metal BaFe_{2}(As_{1-x}P_{x})_{2} is independent of the relative orientations of current and magnetic field. Rather, its magnitude and form depend only on the orientation of the magnetic field with respect to a single crystallographic axis: the direction perpendicular to the magnetic iron layers. This finding suggests that the magnetotransport scaling does not originate from the conventional averaging or orbital velocity of quasiparticles as they traverse a Fermi surface, but rather from dissipation arising from two-dimensional correlations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian M Hayes
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Materials Science Division, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Zeyu Hao
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Nikola Maksimovic
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Materials Science Division, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Sylvia K Lewin
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Materials Science Division, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Mun K Chan
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Ross D McDonald
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - B J Ramshaw
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
- Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Joel E Moore
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Materials Science Division, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - James G Analytis
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Materials Science Division, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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11
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Modic KA, Bachmann MD, Ramshaw BJ, Arnold F, Shirer KR, Estry A, Betts JB, Ghimire NJ, Bauer ED, Schmidt M, Baenitz M, Svanidze E, McDonald RD, Shekhter A, Moll PJW. Resonant torsion magnetometry in anisotropic quantum materials. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3975. [PMID: 30266902 PMCID: PMC6162279 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06412-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Unusual behavior in quantum materials commonly arises from their effective low-dimensional physics, reflecting the underlying anisotropy in the spin and charge degrees of freedom. Here we introduce the magnetotropic coefficient k = ∂2F/∂θ2, the second derivative of the free energy F with respect to the magnetic field orientation θ in the crystal. We show that the magnetotropic coefficient can be quantitatively determined from a shift in the resonant frequency of a commercially available atomic force microscopy cantilever under magnetic field. This detection method enables part per 100 million sensitivity and the ability to measure magnetic anisotropy in nanogram-scale samples, as demonstrated on the Weyl semimetal NbP. Measurement of the magnetotropic coefficient in the spin-liquid candidate RuCl3 highlights its sensitivity to anisotropic phase transitions and allows a quantitative comparison to other thermodynamic coefficients via the Ehrenfest relations.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Modic
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Noethnitzer Strasse 40, D-01187, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Maja D Bachmann
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Noethnitzer Strasse 40, D-01187, Dresden, Germany
| | - B J Ramshaw
- Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - F Arnold
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Noethnitzer Strasse 40, D-01187, Dresden, Germany
| | - K R Shirer
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Noethnitzer Strasse 40, D-01187, Dresden, Germany
| | - Amelia Estry
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Noethnitzer Strasse 40, D-01187, Dresden, Germany
| | - J B Betts
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Nirmal J Ghimire
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA.,Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - E D Bauer
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Marcus Schmidt
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Noethnitzer Strasse 40, D-01187, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Baenitz
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Noethnitzer Strasse 40, D-01187, Dresden, Germany
| | - E Svanidze
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Noethnitzer Strasse 40, D-01187, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Arkady Shekhter
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32310, USA
| | - Philip J W Moll
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Noethnitzer Strasse 40, D-01187, Dresden, Germany. .,EPFL STI IMX-GE MXC 240, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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12
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Giraldo-Gallo P, Galvis JA, Stegen Z, Modic KA, Balakirev FF, Betts JB, Lian X, Moir C, Riggs SC, Wu J, Bollinger AT, He X, Božović I, Ramshaw BJ, McDonald RD, Boebinger GS, Shekhter A. Scale-invariant magnetoresistance in a cuprate superconductor. Science 2018; 361:479-481. [PMID: 30072535 DOI: 10.1126/science.aan3178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The anomalous metallic state in the high-temperature superconducting cuprates is masked by superconductivity near a quantum critical point. Applying high magnetic fields to suppress superconductivity has enabled detailed studies of the normal state, yet the direct effect of strong magnetic fields on the metallic state is poorly understood. We report the high-field magnetoresistance of thin-film La2-x Sr x CuO4 cuprate in the vicinity of the critical doping, 0.161 ≤ p ≤ 0.190. We find that the metallic state exposed by suppressing superconductivity is characterized by magnetoresistance that is linear in magnetic fields up to 80 tesla. The magnitude of the linear-in-field resistivity mirrors the magnitude and doping evolution of the well-known linear-in-temperature resistivity that has been associated with quantum criticality in high-temperature superconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Giraldo-Gallo
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (NHMFL), Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA.,Department of Physics, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia
| | - J A Galvis
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (NHMFL), Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA.,Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Central, Bogotá 110311, Colombia
| | - Z Stegen
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (NHMFL), Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA.,Department of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | - K A Modic
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, D-01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - F F Balakirev
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - J B Betts
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - X Lian
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (NHMFL), Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA.,Department of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | - C Moir
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (NHMFL), Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA.,Department of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | - S C Riggs
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (NHMFL), Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | - J Wu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - A T Bollinger
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - X He
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY 11973, USA.,Applied Physics Department, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - I Božović
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY 11973, USA.,Applied Physics Department, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - B J Ramshaw
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA.,Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - R D McDonald
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - G S Boebinger
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (NHMFL), Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA.,Department of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | - A Shekhter
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (NHMFL), Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA.
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13
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Veit MJ, Arras R, Ramshaw BJ, Pentcheva R, Suzuki Y. Nonzero Berry phase in quantum oscillations from giant Rashba-type spin splitting in LaTiO 3/SrTiO 3 heterostructures. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1458. [PMID: 29654231 PMCID: PMC5899139 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04014-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The manipulation of the spin degrees of freedom in a solid has been of fundamental and technological interest recently for developing high-speed, low-power computational devices. There has been much work focused on developing highly spin-polarized materials and understanding their behavior when incorporated into so-called spintronic devices. These devices usually require spin splitting with magnetic fields. However, there is another promising strategy to achieve spin splitting using spatial symmetry breaking without the use of a magnetic field, known as Rashba-type splitting. Here we report evidence for a giant Rashba-type splitting at the interface of LaTiO3 and SrTiO3. Analysis of the magnetotransport reveals anisotropic magnetoresistance, weak anti-localization and quantum oscillation behavior consistent with a large Rashba-type splitting. It is surprising to find a large Rashba-type splitting in 3d transition metal oxide-based systems such as the LaTiO3/SrTiO3 interface, but it is promising for the development of a new kind of oxide-based spintronics. Rashba-type splitting is an effective way to manipulate the spin degrees of freedom in a solid without external magnetic field. Here, the authors demonstrate a strong Rashba-type splitting at the interface of LaTiO3 and SrTiO3 which is promising for the development of oxide-based spintronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Veit
- Department of Applied Physics and Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
| | - R Arras
- CEMES, University of Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 29, rue Jeanne Marvig, 31055, Toulouse, France
| | - B J Ramshaw
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA.,Laboratory for Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - R Pentcheva
- Department of Physics and Center for Nanointegration (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstrasse 1, 47057, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Y Suzuki
- Department of Applied Physics and Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
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14
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Modic KA, Ramshaw BJ, Betts JB, Breznay NP, Analytis JG, McDonald RD, Shekhter A. Robust spin correlations at high magnetic fields in the harmonic honeycomb iridates. Nat Commun 2017; 8:180. [PMID: 28765523 PMCID: PMC5539315 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00264-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The complex antiferromagnetic orders observed in the honeycomb iridates are a double-edged sword in the search for a quantum spin-liquid: both attesting that the magnetic interactions provide many of the necessary ingredients, while simultaneously impeding access. Focus has naturally been drawn to the unusual magnetic orders that hint at the underlying spin correlations. However, the study of any particular broken symmetry state generally provides little clue about the possibility of other nearby ground states. Here we use magnetic fields approaching 100 Tesla to reveal the extent of the spin correlations in γ-lithium iridate. We find that a small component of field along the magnetic easy-axis melts long-range order, revealing a bistable, strongly correlated spin state. Far from the usual destruction of antiferromagnetism via spin polarization, the high-field state possesses only a small fraction of the total iridium moment, without evidence for long-range order up to the highest attainable magnetic fields.The complex antiferromagnetic orders observed in the honeycomb iridates prevent access to a spin-liquid ground state. Here the authors apply extremely high magnetic fields to destroy the antiferromagnetic order in γ-lithium iridate and reveal a bistable, strongly correlated spin state.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Modic
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA.
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Noethnitzer Strasse 40, Dresden, D-01187, Germany.
| | - B J Ramshaw
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
- Laboratory for Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - J B Betts
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Nicholas P Breznay
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - James G Analytis
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | | | - Arkady Shekhter
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32310, USA
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15
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Zhu Z, McDonald RD, Shekhter A, Ramshaw BJ, Modic KA, Balakirev FF, Harrison N. Magnetic field tuning of an excitonic insulator between the weak and strong coupling regimes in quantum limit graphite. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1733. [PMID: 28496192 PMCID: PMC5431932 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01693-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The excitonic insulator phase has long been predicted to form in proximity to a band gap opening in the underlying band structure. The character of the pairing is conjectured to crossover from weak (BCS-like) to strong coupling (BEC-like) as the underlying band structure is tuned from the metallic to the insulating side of the gap opening. Here we report the high-magnetic field phase diagram of graphite to exhibit just such a crossover. By way of comprehensive angle-resolved magnetoresistance measurements, we demonstrate that the underlying band gap opening occurs inside the magnetic field-induced phase, paving the way for a systematic study of the BCS-BEC-like crossover by means of conventional condensed matter probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Zhu
- MS-E536, NHMFL, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, 87545, USA. .,Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center, School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, 430074, Wuhan, China.
| | - R D McDonald
- MS-E536, NHMFL, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, 87545, USA
| | - A Shekhter
- MS-E536, NHMFL, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, 87545, USA.,National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, 1800 E. Paul Dirac Dr., Tallahassee, Florida, 32310, USA
| | - B J Ramshaw
- MS-E536, NHMFL, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, 87545, USA.,Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - K A Modic
- MS-E536, NHMFL, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, 87545, USA.,Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Nöthnitzer Strape 40, Presden, 01187, Germany
| | - F F Balakirev
- MS-E536, NHMFL, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, 87545, USA
| | - N Harrison
- MS-E536, NHMFL, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, 87545, USA.
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16
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Poppas DP, Sung JJ, Magro CM, Chen J, Toyohara JP, Ramshaw BJ, Felsen D. Hydrogel coated mesh decreases tissue reaction resulting from polypropylene mesh implant: implication in hernia repair. Hernia 2016; 20:623-32. [PMID: 27000660 PMCID: PMC4945686 DOI: 10.1007/s10029-016-1481-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Use of polypropylene mesh (PPM) in hernia repair is associated with tissue reactivity. We examined, in a rat model, a novel non-biodegradable hydrogel coated PPM which may allow for decreased inflammation and a decreased foreign body reaction. METHODS Through a dorsal midline incision, a 2 cm × 2 cm section of PPM (either coated or uncoated) was placed on the fascial surface 1.5 cm from the incision on the dorsal wall of Sprague-Dawley rats. At 2 and 12 weeks after placement, the PPM and surrounding tissue were harvested. A board-certified dermatopathologist examined H&E stained slides for fibrosis and foreign body reaction. In addition, tissues were stained for apoptotic cells, oxidative damage, macrophages, fibroblasts, neovascularization and metalloproteases. RESULTS At 2 and 12 weeks, there was a greater than 95 % decrease in foreign body giant cells in coated PPM samples compared to uncoated; fibrosis was decreased by 50 %. At 2 and 12 weeks, oxidative damage, fibroblast accumulation, apoptosis and macrophages were significantly decreased in coated PPM samples compared to uncoated PPM. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that a non-biodegradable hydrogel coating of PPM led to significant reduction in foreign body reaction, oxidative stress and apoptosis compared to uncoated PPM in vivo, and suggest that this coating could be clinically useful in hernia repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- D P Poppas
- Department of Urology, Institute for Pediatric Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College, Box 94, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - J J Sung
- Department of Pathology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - C M Magro
- Department of Pathology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - J Chen
- Department of Urology, Institute for Pediatric Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College, Box 94, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - J P Toyohara
- Department of Pathology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - B J Ramshaw
- Department of General Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - D Felsen
- Department of Urology, Institute for Pediatric Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College, Box 94, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
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17
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Harrison N, Ramshaw BJ, Shekhter A. Nodal bilayer-splitting controlled by spin-orbit interactions in underdoped high-Tc cuprates. Sci Rep 2015; 5:10914. [PMID: 26039222 PMCID: PMC4454202 DOI: 10.1038/srep10914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The highest superconducting transition temperatures in the cuprates are achieved in bilayer and trilayer systems, highlighting the importance of interlayer interactions for high Tc. It has been argued that interlayer hybridization vanishes along the nodal directions by way of a specific pattern of orbital overlap. Recent quantum oscillation measurements in bilayer cuprates have provided evidence for a residual bilayer-splitting at the nodes that is sufficiently small to enable magnetic breakdown tunneling at the nodes. Here we show that several key features of the experimental data can be understood in terms of weak spin-orbit interactions naturally present in bilayer systems, whose primary effect is to cause the magnetic breakdown to be accompanied by a spin flip. These features can now be understood to include the equidistant set of three quantum oscillation frequencies, the asymmetry of the quantum oscillation amplitudes in c-axis transport compared to ab-plane transport, and the anomalous magnetic field angle dependence of the amplitude of the side frequencies suggestive of small effective g-factors. We suggest that spin-orbit interactions in bilayer systems can further affect the structure of the nodal quasiparticle spectrum in the superconducting phase. PACS numbers: 71.45.Lr, 71.20.Ps, 71.18.+y.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Harrison
- Mail Stop E536, Los Alamos National Labs., Los Alamos, NM 87545
| | - B. J. Ramshaw
- Mail Stop E536, Los Alamos National Labs., Los Alamos, NM 87545
| | - A. Shekhter
- Mail Stop E536, Los Alamos National Labs., Los Alamos, NM 87545
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18
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Ramshaw BJ, Sebastian SE, McDonald RD, Day J, Tan BS, Zhu Z, Betts JB, Liang R, Bonn DA, Hardy WN, Harrison N. Quasiparticle mass enhancement approaching optimal doping in a high-Tc superconductor. Science 2015; 348:317-20. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aaa4990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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19
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Doiron-Leyraud N, Badoux S, René de Cotret S, Lepault S, LeBoeuf D, Laliberté F, Hassinger E, Ramshaw BJ, Bonn DA, Hardy WN, Liang R, Park JH, Vignolles D, Vignolle B, Taillefer L, Proust C. Evidence for a small hole pocket in the Fermi surface of underdoped YBa2Cu3Oy. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6034. [PMID: 25616011 PMCID: PMC4316745 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In underdoped cuprate superconductors, the Fermi surface undergoes a reconstruction that produces a small electron pocket, but whether there is another, as yet, undetected portion to the Fermi surface is unknown. Establishing the complete topology of the Fermi surface is key to identifying the mechanism responsible for its reconstruction. Here we report evidence for a second Fermi pocket in underdoped YBa2Cu3Oy, detected as a small quantum oscillation frequency in the thermoelectric response and in the c-axis resistance. The field-angle dependence of the frequency shows that it is a distinct Fermi surface, and the normal-state thermopower requires it to be a hole pocket. A Fermi surface consisting of one electron pocket and two hole pockets with the measured areas and masses is consistent with a Fermi-surface reconstruction by the charge-density-wave order observed in YBa2Cu3Oy, provided other parts of the reconstructed Fermi surface are removed by a separate mechanism, possibly the pseudogap.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Doiron-Leyraud
- Département de physique &RQMP, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada J1K 2R1
| | - S Badoux
- Laboratoire National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses (CNRS, INSA, UJF, UPS), 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - S René de Cotret
- Département de physique &RQMP, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada J1K 2R1
| | - S Lepault
- Laboratoire National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses (CNRS, INSA, UJF, UPS), 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - D LeBoeuf
- Laboratoire National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses (CNRS, INSA, UJF, UPS), 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - F Laliberté
- Département de physique &RQMP, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada J1K 2R1
| | - E Hassinger
- Département de physique &RQMP, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada J1K 2R1
| | - B J Ramshaw
- Department of Physics &Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - D A Bonn
- 1] Department of Physics &Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1 [2] Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1Z8
| | - W N Hardy
- 1] Department of Physics &Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1 [2] Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1Z8
| | - R Liang
- 1] Department of Physics &Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1 [2] Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1Z8
| | - J-H Park
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, USA
| | - D Vignolles
- Laboratoire National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses (CNRS, INSA, UJF, UPS), 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - B Vignolle
- Laboratoire National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses (CNRS, INSA, UJF, UPS), 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - L Taillefer
- 1] Département de physique &RQMP, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada J1K 2R1 [2] Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1Z8
| | - C Proust
- 1] Laboratoire National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses (CNRS, INSA, UJF, UPS), 31400 Toulouse, France [2] Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1Z8
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20
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Grissonnanche G, Cyr-Choinière O, Laliberté F, René de Cotret S, Juneau-Fecteau A, Dufour-Beauséjour S, Delage MÈ, LeBoeuf D, Chang J, Ramshaw BJ, Bonn DA, Hardy WN, Liang R, Adachi S, Hussey NE, Vignolle B, Proust C, Sutherland M, Krämer S, Park JH, Graf D, Doiron-Leyraud N, Taillefer L. Direct measurement of the upper critical field in cuprate superconductors. Nat Commun 2014; 5:3280. [PMID: 24518054 PMCID: PMC3929805 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 01/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
In the quest to increase the critical temperature Tc of cuprate superconductors, it is essential to identify the factors that limit the strength of superconductivity. The upper critical field Hc2 is a fundamental measure of that strength, yet there is no agreement on its magnitude and doping dependence in cuprate superconductors. Here we show that the thermal conductivity can be used to directly detect Hc2 in the cuprates YBa2Cu3Oy, YBa2Cu4O8 and Tl2Ba2CuO6+δ, allowing us to map out Hc2 across the doping phase diagram. It exhibits two peaks, each located at a critical point where the Fermi surface of YBa2Cu3Oy is known to undergo a transformation. Below the higher critical point, the condensation energy, obtained directly from Hc2, suffers a sudden 20-fold collapse. This reveals that phase competition-associated with Fermi-surface reconstruction and charge-density-wave order-is a key limiting factor in the superconductivity of cuprates.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Grissonnanche
- Département de physique & RQMP, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada J1K 2R1
| | - O. Cyr-Choinière
- Département de physique & RQMP, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada J1K 2R1
| | - F. Laliberté
- Département de physique & RQMP, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada J1K 2R1
| | - S. René de Cotret
- Département de physique & RQMP, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada J1K 2R1
| | - A. Juneau-Fecteau
- Département de physique & RQMP, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada J1K 2R1
| | - S. Dufour-Beauséjour
- Département de physique & RQMP, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada J1K 2R1
| | - M. -È. Delage
- Département de physique & RQMP, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada J1K 2R1
| | - D. LeBoeuf
- Département de physique & RQMP, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada J1K 2R1
- Present address: Laboratoire National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses, Grenoble, France
| | - J. Chang
- Département de physique & RQMP, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada J1K 2R1
- Present address: École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - B. J. Ramshaw
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - D. A. Bonn
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
- Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1Z8
| | - W. N. Hardy
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
- Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1Z8
| | - R. Liang
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
- Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1Z8
| | - S. Adachi
- Superconductivity Research Laboratory, ISTEC, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-0051, Japan
| | - N. E. Hussey
- H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TL, UK
- Present address: High Field Magnet Laboratory, Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - B. Vignolle
- Laboratoire National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses, Toulouse 31400, France
| | - C. Proust
- Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1Z8
- Laboratoire National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses, Toulouse 31400, France
| | - M. Sutherland
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - S. Krämer
- Laboratoire National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses, Grenoble, France
| | - J. -H. Park
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, USA
| | - D. Graf
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, USA
| | - N. Doiron-Leyraud
- Département de physique & RQMP, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada J1K 2R1
| | - Louis Taillefer
- Département de physique & RQMP, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada J1K 2R1
- Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1Z8
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Shekhter A, Ramshaw BJ, Liang R, Hardy WN, Bonn DA, Balakirev FF, McDonald RD, Betts JB, Riggs SC, Migliori A. Bounding the pseudogap with a line of phase transitions in YBa2Cu3O6+δ. Nature 2013; 498:75-7. [PMID: 23739425 DOI: 10.1038/nature12165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Accepted: 04/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Close to optimal doping, the copper oxide superconductors show 'strange metal' behaviour, suggestive of strong fluctuations associated with a quantum critical point. Such a critical point requires a line of classical phase transitions terminating at zero temperature near optimal doping inside the superconducting 'dome'. The underdoped region of the temperature-doping phase diagram from which superconductivity emerges is referred to as the 'pseudogap' because evidence exists for partial gapping of the conduction electrons, but so far there is no compelling thermodynamic evidence as to whether the pseudogap is a distinct phase or a continuous evolution of physical properties on cooling. Here we report that the pseudogap in YBa2Cu3O6+δ is a distinct phase, bounded by a line of phase transitions. The doping dependence of this line is such that it terminates at zero temperature inside the superconducting dome. From this we conclude that quantum criticality drives the strange metallic behaviour and therefore superconductivity in the copper oxide superconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arkady Shekhter
- Pulsed Field Facility, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA.
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Grant SA, Deeken CR, Hamilton SR, Grant DA, Bachman SL, Ramshaw BJ. A comparative study of the remodeling and integration of a novel AuNP-tissue scaffold and commercial tissue scaffolds in a porcine model. J Biomed Mater Res A 2013; 101:2778-87. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Revised: 11/28/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. A. Grant
- Department of Biological Engineering; University of Missouri; Columbia; Missouri
| | - C. R. Deeken
- Department of Surgery; Section of Minimally Invasive Surgery; Washington University; St. Louis; Missouri
| | - S. R. Hamilton
- Research Animal Diagnostic Laboratory; University of Missouri; Columbia; Missouri
| | - D. A. Grant
- Department of Biological Engineering; University of Missouri; Columbia; Missouri
| | - S. L. Bachman
- Department of General Surgery; University of Missouri; Columbia; Missouri
| | - B. J. Ramshaw
- Department of General Surgery; Halifax Hospital; Daytona Beach; Florida
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Calaluce R, Davis JW, Bachman SL, Gubin MM, Brown JA, Magee JD, Loy TS, Ramshaw BJ, Atasoy U. Incisional hernia recurrence through genomic profiling: a pilot study. Hernia 2012; 17:193-202. [PMID: 22648066 PMCID: PMC3606513 DOI: 10.1007/s10029-012-0923-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2011] [Accepted: 05/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although situational risk factors for incisional hernia formation are known, the methods used to determine who would be most susceptible to develop one are unreliable. We hypothesized that patients with recurrent incisional hernias may possess unique gene expression profiles. METHODS Skin and intact fascia were collected from 15 normal control (NC) patients with no hernia history and 18 patients presenting for recurrent incisional hernia (RH) repair. Microarray analysis was performed using whole genome microarray chips on NC (n = 8) and RH (n = 9). These samples were further investigated using a pathway-specific PCR array containing fibrosis-related genes. RESULTS Microarray data revealed distinct differences in the gene expression profiles between RH and NC patients. One hundred and sixty-seven genes in the skin and 7 genes in the fascia were differentially expressed, including 8 directly involved in collagen synthesis. In particular, GREMLIN1, or bone morphogenetic protein antagonist 1, was under expressed in skin (fold = 0.49, p < 10(-7), q = 0.0009) and fascia (fold = 0.23, p < 10(-4), q = 0.095) of RH patients compared with NC. The PCR array data supported previous reports of decreased collagen I/III ratios in skin of RH versus NC (mean = 1.51 ± 0.73 vs. mean = 2.26 ± 0.99; one-sided t test, p = 0.058). CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this is the first microarray-based analysis to show distinct gene expression profiles between the skin and fascia of RH and NC patients and the first report of an association between GREMLIN1 and incisional hernia formation. Our results suggest that gene expression profiles may act as surrogate markers that stratify patients into different groups at risk for hernia development prior to their initial surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Calaluce
- Department of Surgery, The University of Missouri Health Sciences Center, University of Missouri, One Hospital Drive, M610C, Columbia, MO 65212 USA
| | - J. W. Davis
- Department of Health Management and Informatics, The University of Missouri Health Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO USA
- Department of Statistics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO USA
| | - S. L. Bachman
- Department of Surgery, The University of Missouri Health Sciences Center, University of Missouri, One Hospital Drive, M610C, Columbia, MO 65212 USA
| | - M. M. Gubin
- Department of Surgery, The University of Missouri Health Sciences Center, University of Missouri, One Hospital Drive, M610C, Columbia, MO 65212 USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO USA
| | - J. A. Brown
- Department of Surgery, The University of Missouri Health Sciences Center, University of Missouri, One Hospital Drive, M610C, Columbia, MO 65212 USA
| | - J. D. Magee
- Department of Surgery, The University of Missouri Health Sciences Center, University of Missouri, One Hospital Drive, M610C, Columbia, MO 65212 USA
| | - T. S. Loy
- Department of Pathology, Ross University, Roseau, Dominican Republic
| | - B. J. Ramshaw
- Transformative Care Institute, Daytona Beach, FL USA
| | - U. Atasoy
- Department of Surgery, The University of Missouri Health Sciences Center, University of Missouri, One Hospital Drive, M610C, Columbia, MO 65212 USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO USA
- Department of Child Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO USA
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Grant DN, Benson J, Cozad MJ, Whelove OE, Bachman SL, Ramshaw BJ, Grant DA, Grant SA. Conjugation of gold nanoparticles to polypropylene mesh for enhanced biocompatibility. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2011; 22:2803-2812. [PMID: 21979166 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-011-4449-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2011] [Accepted: 09/23/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Polypropylene mesh materials have been utilized in hernia surgery for over 40 years. However, they are prone to degradation due to the body's aggressive foreign body reaction, which may cause pain or complications, forcing mesh removal from the patient. To mitigate these complications, gold nanomaterials were attached to polypropylene mesh in order to improve cellular response. Pristine samples of polypropylene mesh were exposed to hydrogen peroxide/cobalt chloride solutions to induce formation of surface carboxyl functional groups. Gold nanoparticles were covalently linked to the mesh. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed the presence of gold nanoparticles. Differential scanning calorimetry and mechanical testing confirmed that the polypropylene did not undergo any significantly detrimental changes in physicochemical properties. A WST-1 cell culture study showed an increase in cellularity on the gold nanoparticle-polypropylene mesh as compared to pristine mesh. This study showed that biocompatibility of polypropylene mesh may be improved via the conjugation of gold nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- D N Grant
- Department of Biological Engineering, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
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Deeken CR, Esebua M, Bachman SL, Ramshaw BJ, Grant SA. Assessment of the biocompatibility of two novel, bionanocomposite scaffolds in a rodent model. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2011; 96:351-9. [PMID: 21210516 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.31778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Two novel, bionanocomposite scaffolds were evaluated in a rodent model over the course of three months to determine whether these scaffolds possessed adequate biocompatibility characteristics to warrant further evaluation as possible tissue reconstruction scaffolds. These bionanocomposite scaffolds were comprised of amine-functionalized gold nanoparticles (AuNP) or silicon carbide nanowires (SiCNW) crosslinked to an acellular porcine diaphragm tendon. It was hypothesized that the addition of nanomaterials to the porcine tendon would also improve its biocompatibility by imparting a nanostructured surface. As early as seven days after implantation, both types of bionanocomposite scaffolds displayed evidence of granulation tissue and the beginning of scaffold remodeling with new collagen deposited by the host, and by ninety-seven days the bionanocomposite scaffolds were completely remodeled with no evidence of any adverse host tissue reaction or scar tissue formation. The AuNP bionanocomposite scaffolds exhibited accelerated scaffold remodeling compared to the SiCNW scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Deeken
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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26
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Deeken CR, White AK, Bachman SL, Ramshaw BJ, Cleveland DS, Loy TS, Grant SA. Method of preparing a decellularized porcine tendon using tributyl phosphate. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2010; 96:199-206. [PMID: 21210498 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.31753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2010] [Revised: 08/16/2010] [Accepted: 08/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) materials are currently utilized for soft tissue repair applications such as vascular grafts, tendon reconstruction, and hernia repair. These materials are derived from tissues such as human dermis and porcine small intestine submucosa, which must be rendered acellular to prevent disease transmission and decrease the risk of an immune response. The ideal decellularization technique removes cells and cellular remnants, but leaves the original collagen architecture intact. The tissue utilized in this study was the central tendon of the porcine diaphragm, which had not been previously investigated for soft tissue repair. Several treatments were investigated during this study including peracetic acid, TritonX-100, sodium dodecyl sulfate, and tri(n-butyl) phosphate (TnBP). Of the decellularization treatments investigated, only 1% TnBP was effective in removing cell nuclei while leaving the structure and composition of the tissue intact. Overall, the resulting acellular tissue scaffold retained the ECM composition, strength, resistance to enzymatic degradation, and biocompatibility of the original tissue, making 1% TnBP an acceptable decellularization treatment for porcine diaphragm tendon.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Deeken
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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27
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Chang J, Daou R, Proust C, Leboeuf D, Doiron-Leyraud N, Laliberté F, Pingault B, Ramshaw BJ, Liang R, Bonn DA, Hardy WN, Takagi H, Antunes AB, Sheikin I, Behnia K, Taillefer L. Nernst and Seebeck coefficients of the cuprate superconductor YBa2Cu3O6.67: a study of Fermi surface reconstruction. Phys Rev Lett 2010; 104:057005. [PMID: 20366789 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.104.057005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The Seebeck and Nernst coefficients S and nu of the cuprate superconductor YBa{2}Cu{3}O{y} (YBCO) were measured in a single crystal with doping p=0.12 in magnetic fields up to H=28 T. Down to T=9 K, nu becomes independent of field by H approximately 30 T, showing that superconducting fluctuations have become negligible. In this field-induced normal state, S/T and nu/T are both large and negative in the T-->0 limit, with the magnitude and sign of S/T consistent with the small electronlike Fermi surface pocket detected previously by quantum oscillations and the Hall effect. The change of sign in S(T) at T approximately 50 K is remarkably similar to that observed in La2-xBaxCuO4, La{2-x-y}Nd{y}Sr_{x}CuO{4}, and La{2-x-y}Eu{y}Sr{x}CuO{4}, where it is clearly associated with the onset of stripe order. We propose that a similar density-wave mechanism causes the Fermi surface reconstruction in YBCO.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Chang
- Département de physique & RQMP, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
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Costello CR, Bachman SL, Grant SA, Cleveland DS, Loy TS, Ramshaw BJ. Characterization of heavyweight and lightweight polypropylene prosthetic mesh explants from a single patient. Surg Innov 2008; 14:168-76. [PMID: 17928615 DOI: 10.1177/1553350607306356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Although polypropylene has been used as a hernia repair material for nearly 50 years, very little science has been applied to studying the body's effect on this material. It is possible that oxidation of mesh occurs as a result of the chemical structure of polypropylene and the physiological conditions to which it is subjected; this leads to embrittlement of the material, impaired abdominal movement, and chronic pain. It is also possible that lightweight polypropylene meshes undergo less oxidation due to a reduced inflammatory reaction. The objective of this study was to characterize explanted hernia meshes using techniques such as scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and compliance testing to determine whether the mesh density of polypropylene affects the oxidative degradation of the material. The hypothesis was that heavyweight polypropylene would incite a more intense inflammatory response than lightweight polypropylene and thus undergo greater oxidative degradation. Overall, the results support this theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Costello
- Department of Biological Engineering, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, USA
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Tsereteli Z, Pryor BA, Heniford BT, Park A, Voeller G, Ramshaw BJ. Laparoscopic ventral hernia repair (LVHR) in morbidly obese patients. Hernia 2007; 12:233-8. [PMID: 18064399 DOI: 10.1007/s10029-007-0310-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2007] [Accepted: 11/09/2007] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate our experience with LVHR in morbidly obese patients (BMI >40) and to compare their outcomes to those of patients with lower BMI. METHODS Data on adult (>18 years old) patients who underwent LVHR with mesh over the last 13 years performed by four experienced surgeons were collected retrospectively and from a previously collected database. Of the 1,071 patients, 901 had completed LVHR and were available for follow-up. One hundred and thirty-four patients (group A) met BMI criteria for morbid obesity (>or=40, mean 46), 767 patients had BMI < 40, mean 30 (group B). The follow-up time ranged from 1 to 91 months. The Wilcoxon rank sum test was used for nonparametric data analysis. Outcomes were stratified on the follow up time and analyzed using Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel methodology. RESULTS The groups did not differ in terms of ASA score, previous surgery and conversion rate (p=0.22, 0.32 and 0.23). Morbidly obese patients were younger (48.3 vs. 54; p<0.01) and were more often female (p=0.02), but this did not correlate with outcome. Group A also had longer operative time (154 vs. 119 min, p<0.01) and hospital stay (3.6 vs. 2.4 days, p=0.03). Mesh size was significantly larger in group A (449 vs. 349 cm(2), p=002). During mean follow-up time of 19 months hernia recurrence was 8.3% in group A and 2.9% in group B (p=0.003), with an odds ratio of 4.3 (95% CI 1.9-9.9). However, there was no significant difference in the rate of complications (19.7 vs. 15.3%; p=0.46). CONCLUSIONS LVHR in the morbidly obese population is both safe and feasible, although there is a higher, but still acceptable recurrence rate. Despite the increased risk for recurrence, LVHR in morbidly obese patients minimizes the potential wound and mesh complications that frequently occur for open mesh repair in this group of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Tsereteli
- One Hospital Drive, University of Missouri-Columbia, DC075.00, Columbia, MO 65212, USA.
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30
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Mancini GJ, McClusky DA, Khaitan L, Goldenberg EA, Heniford BT, Novitsky YW, Park AE, Kavic S, LeBlanc KA, Elieson MJ, Voeller GR, Ramshaw BJ. Laparoscopic parastomal hernia repair using a nonslit mesh technique. Surg Endosc 2007; 21:1487-91. [PMID: 17593454 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-007-9419-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2007] [Revised: 03/12/2007] [Accepted: 04/04/2007] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The management of parastomal hernia is associated with high morbidity and recurrence rates (20-70%). This study investigated a novel laparoscopic approach and evaluated its outcomes. METHODS A consecutive multi-institutional series of patients undergoing parastomal hernia repair between 2001 and 2005 were analyzed retrospectively. Laparoscopy was used with modification of the open Sugarbaker technique. A nonslit expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) mesh was placed to provide 5-cm overlay coverage of the stoma and defect. Transfascial sutures secured the mesh, allowing the stoma to exit from the lateral edge. Five advanced laparoscopic surgeons performed all the procedures. The primary outcome measure was hernia recurrence. RESULTS A total of 25 patients with a mean age of 60 years and a body mass index of 29 kg/m2 underwent surgery. Six of these patients had undergone previous mesh stoma revisions. The mean size of the hernia defect was 64 cm2, and the mean size of the mesh was 365 cm2. There were no conversions to open surgery. The overall postoperative morbidity was 23%, and the mean hospital length of stay was 3.3 days. One patient died of pulmonary complications; one patient had a trocar-site infection; and one patient had a mesh infection requiring mesh removal. During a median follow-up period of 19 months (range, 2-38 months), 4% (1/25) of the patients experienced recurrence. CONCLUSION On the basis of this large case series, the laparoscopic nonslit mesh technique for the repair of parastomal hernias seems to be a promising approach for the reduction of hernia recurrence in experienced hands.
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Affiliation(s)
- G J Mancini
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, One Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO 65203, USA
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Saettele TM, Bachman SL, Costello CR, Grant SA, Cleveland DS, Loy TS, Kolder DG, Ramshaw BJ. Use of porcine dermal collagen as a prosthetic mesh in a contaminated field for ventral hernia repair: a case report. Hernia 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s10029-007-0223-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Saettele TM, Bachman SL, Costello CR, Grant SA, Cleveland DS, Loy TS, Kolder DG, Ramshaw BJ. Use of porcine dermal collagen as a prosthetic mesh in a contaminated field for ventral hernia repair: a case report. Hernia 2007; 11:279-85. [PMID: 17279319 DOI: 10.1007/s10029-006-0186-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2006] [Accepted: 12/11/2006] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Chronic infection of a prosthetic mesh implant is a severe complication of ventral hernia repair, and mesh explantation is usually required in these cases. Biologic mesh implants have a possible role in ventral hernia repair in this setting. Here we present a case of chronic mesh infection following ventral hernia repair and the use of a biologic mesh to repair the existing defect following explantation of the infected mesh. Analysis of the explant material demonstrated possible oxidative degradation of the original polypropylene. A review of the literature follows.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Saettele
- Department of General Surgery, University of Missouri-Columbia, Mc414 McHaney Hall, Columbia, MO 65212, USA.
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Abstract
Hernia repair with prosthetic mesh significantly decreases the rate of recurrence compared with traditional, primary suture repair by reducing the tension on the edges of the wound. However, there are several complications associated with the use of mesh that may be due to the chronic inflammatory reaction to the mesh or a loss of compliance after degradation of the material. Mesh contraction and migration can also occur, sometimes resulting in a recurrent hernia. Based on the chemical structure of the polypropylene mesh material and the physiological conditions to which it is subjected, it is possible that oxidation is responsible for these changes in material properties. Oxidation would result in surface cracking, decreased melting temperature, loss of mass, and reduced compliance of the material. The objective of this study was to identify physiochemical changes in the surface and bulk properties of explanted polypropylene hernia meshes compared to pristine polypropylene mesh materials. Several characterization techniques were utilized, including scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and compliance testing. Overall, the results supported our hypothesis that oxidation is involved with the degradation of polypropylene hernia mesh materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Costello
- Department of Biological Engineering, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, USA
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Sickle KRV, Baghai M, Mattar SG, Bowers SP, Ramaswamy A, Swafford V, Smith CD, Ramshaw BJ. What happens to the rectus abdominus fascia after laparoscopic ventral hernia repair? Hernia 2005; 9:358-62. [PMID: 16082500 DOI: 10.1007/s10029-005-0018-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2005] [Accepted: 05/19/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One criticism of laparoscopic ventral hernia repair (LVH) is that the rectus muscles are not re-approximated to the midline, and the effect of LVH repair on the fascial edges is unclear. Progressive migration of the fascial edges toward the midline has been observed anecdotally, but objective evidence remains limited. The purpose of this study is to observe the effect of LVH repair on the rectus abdominus fascia. METHODS Patients undergoing LVH repair with defects > 10 cm in horizontal diameter were identified prospectively and enrolled. All were repaired laparoscopically with intraperitoneal placement of mesh (DualMesh, W.L. Gore and Associates) using a standard approach. Radio-opaque clips were placed at the fascial edges intraoperatively to mark the defect, and plain abdominal films were taken postoperatively (Time 1) to establish the initial distance between clips (measured in cm). A subsequent follow-up film was taken (Time 2), and the difference in clip distance per patient was recorded. Results were analyzed using a chi-squared test. RESULTS Twelve patients qualified for analysis and their results were compared. Mean fascial defect size was 15.1 cm (range 8.3-22.0). With respect to change in clip distance from Times 1 to 2, three events were observed: (1) Diminished (i.e. medialized), (2) Enlarged, or (3) No Change. Ten patients (83%) medialized, one patient enlarged, and one patient showed no change (chi2 (d.f. = 2) 9.17, p < 0.0023). CONCLUSIONS Medialization of the rectus abdominus fascia occurs in the majority of patients undergoing LVH repair. Causes for this phenomenon are unclear: however eliminating intrabdominal pressure with intraperitoneal mesh placement likely plays a role.
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Affiliation(s)
- K R Van Sickle
- Division of General Surgery, One Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
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Gonzalez R, Smith CD, Ritter EM, Mason E, Duncan T, Ramshaw BJ. Laparoscopic palliative surgery for complicated colorectal cancer. Surg Endosc 2004; 19:43-6. [PMID: 15529197 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-003-8207-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2003] [Accepted: 07/08/2004] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and outcomes of the laparoscopic approach for the palliation of advanced complicated colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS We reviewed 21 laparoscopic palliative procedures for emergent complications of advanced CRC between 1994 and 2002. Intraoperative complications, estimated blood loss, transfusions, operative times, time to first bowel movement, length of hospital stay, and postoperative complications were assessed. RESULTS Indications for surgery included perforation (n = 10), bleeding (n = 7), and obstruction (n = 4). A proximal diverting procedure was performed in all patients, and a concomitant colon resection was performed in 18 patients (86%). The mean operative time was 181 +/- 22 min. Estimated blood loss was 283 +/- 48 cc, with three patients (14%) requiring transfusions. The average length of hospital stay was 8.6 +/- 2 days, and time to first bowel movement was 61 +/- 9 h. The complication rate and the 30-day mortality rate were 33% and 0%, respectively. CONCLUSION A laparoscopic approach to address advanced CRC is safe and effective and should be considered part of the surgeon's armamentarium for the palliation of advanced complicated CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Gonzalez
- Emory Endosurgery Unit, Emory University School of Medicine, 1364 Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Gonzalez R, Rodeheaver GT, Moody DL, Foresman PA, Ramshaw BJ. Resistance to adhesion formation: A comparative study of treated and untreated mesh products placed in the abdominal cavity. Hernia 2004; 8:213-9. [PMID: 15034767 DOI: 10.1007/s10029-004-0213-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2003] [Accepted: 02/05/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND New materials have been devised to prevent postoperative adhesions when placing a prosthesis in contact with abdominal contents. METHODS Eighty rats underwent laparotomy and denudation of the serosa of the cecum and peritoneal covering of the abdominal wall. Five treated mesh products (Parietex Composite, Parietene Composite, Bard Composix E/X, Sepramesh, and Gore-Tex Dual Mesh) and one untreated mesh product (untreated Parietene) were randomly placed between the cecum and abdominal wall. A group without mesh was used as control. The animals were sacrificed at 21 days following surgery and analyzed for the presence of adhesions. RESULTS The incidence of adhesion formation, mean adhesion area, maximum adhesion length, and strength of adhesion separation were similar between Parietex Composite, Parietene Composite, and Bard Composix E/X, and they were significantly less than with Sepramesh, untreated Parietene, and the control group. Gore-Tex Dual Mesh resulted in less adhesions, adhesion area, mean strength of separation, and work of separation than the untreated Parietene group and the control group. Sepramesh resulted in less strength and work of separation compared to the control group. CONCLUSIONS The incidence of adhesions and work and strength of adhesion separation are reduced when using a treated mesh, compared to the untreated mesh and the control group without mesh. Parietex Composite, Parietene Composite, Bard Composix E/X, and Gore-Tex Dual Mesh were superior to Sepramesh, untreated Parietene, and the control group in the prevention of adhesion formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Gonzalez
- Hernia Institute, Endosurgery Unit, Surgery Department H-124 B, Emory University School of Medicine, 1364 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Gonzalez R, Smith CD, Mattar SG, Venkatesh KR, Mason E, Duncan T, Wilson R, Miller J, Ramshaw BJ. Laparoscopic vs open resection for the treatment of diverticular disease. Surg Endosc 2003; 18:276-80. [PMID: 14691707 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-003-8809-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2003] [Accepted: 06/17/2003] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to evaluate whether laparoscopic colon resection (LCR) offers any advantages over open colon resection (OCR) in the treatment of diverticular disease. METHODS Between 1992 and 2002, 95 patients underwent LCR and 80 patients underwent OCR for the treatment of diverticular disease. Demographics, details of operative procedure, outcome, and pathology were compared. RESULTS Patients in both groups were matched for age, sex, body mass index, history of previous abdominal operations, comorbidities, location of the disease, and presence of complications. LCR resulted in significantly less estimated blood loss and postoperative complications, shorter time to first bowel movement, and shorter length of stay than the OCR. There was no difference in operative time, intraoperative complications, mortality rates between groups. CONCLUSIONS LCR is a safe and effective approach for the treatment of patients with diverticular disease. It results in less estimated blood loss, shorter time to first bowel movement, less postoperative complications, and shorter length of hospital stay.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Gonzalez
- Emory Endosurgery Unit, Emory University School of Medicine, 1364 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Schwab JR, Beaird DA, Ramshaw BJ, Franklin JS, Duncan TD, Wilson RA, Miller J, Mason EM. After 10 years and 1903 inguinal hernias, what is the outcome for the laparoscopic repair? Surg Endosc 2002; 16:1201-6. [PMID: 11984685 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-001-8341-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2001] [Accepted: 06/11/2001] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The procedure of choice for inguinal hernia repair has remained controversial for decades. The laparoscopic approach has now been utilized for more than 10 years, and a significant volume of patient outcomes is now available for review. METHODS The hospital and office records of 1388 patients who underwent 1903 laparoscopic inguinal hernia repairs at Atlanta Medical Center during the past 10 years were retrospectively reviewed in order to determine demographics, recurrence rate, and complications. In addition, 123 hernia repairs were prospectively studied in 71 patients during this time period in order to accurately evaluate postoperative pain and return to activity. RESULTS Two hundred fifty-five (13.4%) hernias were recurrent and 1648 (86.6%) were primary. Five hundred and fifteen (37.1%) hernias were bilateral. The total extraperitoneal approach was utilized for 1561 (82.0%) of the 1903 repairs. The average operative time was 75.4 (14-193) minutes. Estimated blood loss was 22.0 (0-250) ml. Seventeen patients (1.2%) were converted to an open form of hernia repair. Minor complications occurred in 83 (6.0%) patients and major complications occurred in 18 (1.3%) patients. CONCLUSIONS The laparoscopic approach is a safe form of inguinal hernia repair that offers the patient a shorter and less painful recovery with an extremely low recurrence rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Schwab
- Department of Medical Education Surgery, Atlanta Medical Center, 303 Parkway Drive, Atlanta, GA 30312, USA.
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Ramshaw BJ, Young D, Garcha I, Shuler F, Wilson R, White JG, Duncan T, Mason E. The role of multimedia interactive programs in training for laparoscopic procedures. Surg Endosc 2001; 15:21-7. [PMID: 11178755 DOI: 10.1007/s004640000319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The application of minimally invasive techniques to the performance of abdominal surgery by general surgeons has been perhaps the greatest advance in the history of general surgery. The safe adoption of many of these procedures, however, has been hampered by significant obstacles, mainly due to the problem of providing adequate training for surgeons. Outside of animal and cadaver labs, most training has been didactic in nature, and adoption rates after completion of these courses are discouraging. Multimedia interactive training has been used in a number of high-tech industries with great success. A >60% improvement in the learning curve after multimedia interactive training, as compared to traditional didactic training, has been reported. Multimedia interactive training programs for surgeons that use content and input from multiple experts in laparoscopic procedures have now been developed. METHODS Residents from a general surgery residency program who used these programs were asked to rate their effectiveness in increasing their knowledge and comfort level prior to their participation in a real procedure as the primary surgeon or first assistant. A comparison to other traditional training techniques was also made. Eleven residents completed 41 programs designed to teach one of five different laparoscopic procedures-cholecystectomy, fundoplication, appendectomy, colon resection, or hernia repair. RESULTS On a scale of 1 to 10, with 10 being the highest, the residents reported that the multimedia interactive training programs raised their knowledge level of the procedure from 6.0 to 8.7 (+2.7 point value increase after using the multimedia interactive program). The programs increased their comfort level when actually called on to perform or assist with the procedure from 5.3 to 8.1 (+2.8 point value increase after using the multimedia interactive program). In comparing the value of training methods for learning laparoscopic procedures, the residents rated text, lectures, videos, and animal labs at 4.7, 5.1, 6.0 and 7.3, respectively. By comparison, the residents rated the multimedia interactive training program at 8.8. CONCLUSION The use of multimedia interactive training programs in addition to current laparoscopic training courses may help to increase the safe adoption of laparoscopic procedures. These programs may be a beneficial adjunct to residency training programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J Ramshaw
- Department of Surgery, Atlanta Medical Center, GA 30312, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Recurrence rates after primary repair of ventral and incisional hernias range from 25% to 52%. Recurrence after open surgery is less likely if mesh is used, but the wide fascial dissection and required flap creation increase complication rates. Laparoscopic techniques offer an alternative. STUDY DESIGN To assess the safety and efficacy of laparoscopic ventral and incisional herniorrhaphy, we reviewed the records of all our patients who underwent such a procedure from November 1993 to August 1999. A laparoscopic approach was attempted in all patients considered to require a mesh repair. Patient demographic characteristics, operative details, and outcomes were recorded. RESULTS Of 415 patients scheduled to undergo laparoscopic ventral or incisional herniorrhaphy, conversion to an open procedure was necessary in 8. All the remaining 407 patients (205 men and 202 women; mean age 53.2 years; range 13 to 88 years) were included in the study. Mean fascial defect size was 100.1 cm2 (range 1 to 480 cm2). In 97% of patients, expanded polytetrafluoroethylene mesh was used. Mean operating time was 97 minutes (range 11 to 270 minutes). Mean estimated blood loss was 35 mL (range 10 to 150 mL). Average hospital stay was 1.8 days (range 0 to 17 days). There were 53 complications (13.0%), including cellulitis of a trocar site, infection requiring mesh removal, prolonged suture pain, persistent seroma, intestinal injury, hematoma or postoperative bleeding, prolonged ileus, urinary retention, respiratory distress, fever, intraabdominal abscess, and trocar site herniation. There were no deaths. During a mean followup time of 23 months (range 1 to 60 months), there were 14 hernia recurrences (3.4%), 6 in patients in whom only a stapling device (no sutures) had been used to secure the mesh to the abdominal wall. CONCLUSIONS Laparoscopic repair was completed in 98.1% of patients in whom it was attempted. The complication rate was acceptable. A short hospital stay and minimal blood loss were documented. The recurrence rate was 3.4%. Laparoscopic ventral and incisional hernia repair appear to be safe and effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- B T Heniford
- Department of Surgery, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC 28232, USA
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Effective surgical therapy for ventral and incisional hernias is problematic. Recurrence rates following primary repair range as high as 25-49%, and breakdown following conventional treatment of recurrent hernias can exceed 50%. As an alternative, laparoscopic techniques offer the potential benefits of decreased pain and a shorter hospital stay. This study evaluates the efficacy of the laparoscopic approach for ventral herniorrhaphy. METHODS A retrospective review was performed for 100 consecutive patients with ventral hernias who underwent laparoscopic repair at our institutions between November 1995 and May 1998. All patients who presented during this period and were candidates for a mesh hernia repair were treated via an endoscopic approach. RESULTS One hundred patients underwent a laparoscopic ventral hernia repair. There were 48 men and 52 women. The patients were typically obese, with a mean body mass index (BMI) of 31 kg/m(2). Each had undergone an average of 2.5 (range; 0-8) previous laparotomies. Forty-nine repairs were performed for recurrent hernias. An average of two patients (range; 1-7) had previously failed open herniorhaphies; in 20 cases, intraabdominal polypropylene mesh was present. There were no conversions to open operation. The mean size of the defects was large at 87 cm(2) (range; 1-480). In all cases, the mesh (average, 287 cm(2)) was secured with transabdominal sutures and metal tacks or staples. Operative time and estimated blood loss averaged 88 min (range; 18-270) and 30 cc (range; 10-150). Length of stay averaged 1. 6 days (range; 0-4). There were 12 minor and (two) major complications: cellulitis of the trocar site (two), seroma lasting >4 weeks (three), postoperative ileus (two), suture site pain > 2 weeks (two), urinary retention (one), respiratory distress (one), serosal bowel injury (one), and skin breakdown (one) and bowel injury (one). Both of the latter complications required mesh removal. With an average follow-up of 22.5 months (range; 7-37), there have been (three) recurrences. CONCLUSION The laparoscopic approach to the repair of both primary and recurrent ventral hernias offers a low conversion rate, a short hospital stay, and few complications. At 23 months of follow-up, the recurrence rate has been 3%. Laparoscopic repair should be considered a viable option for any ventral hernia.
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Affiliation(s)
- B T Heniford
- Department of Surgery, Carolinas Medical Center, P.O. Box 32861, Charlotte, NC, USA 28232, USA
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Frankum CE, Ramshaw BJ, White J, Duncan TD, Wilson RA, Mason EM, Lucas G, Promes J. Laparoscopic repair of bilateral and recurrent hernias. Am Surg 1999; 65:839-42; discussion 842-3. [PMID: 10484086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
The optimal inguinal hernia repair has been controversial for decades. Since the advent of minimally invasive surgery, laparoscopic techniques have added to the controversy. Laparoscopic hernia repair has been advocated by many experts for the repair of bilateral and recurrent inguinal hernias. This study reviews the experience of a single community-based teaching hospital using the total extraperitoneal (TEP)-approach laparoscopic hernia repair for treating patients with bilateral and/or recurrent inguinal hernias. Since the TEP approach was adopted in June 1993, a total of 457 patients were treated for bilateral (322 patients) and/or recurrent (175) inguinal hernias (40 patients had recurrent and bilateral hernias). A total of 779 hernias were repaired with this technique. The average age of this patient group was 47 years, and there were 413 males and 44 females. Operative time averaged 68.3 minutes per patient, and there were 26 (5.7%) minor complications. There were 2 (0.4%) major complications, an enterotomy and a cystotomy, both early in the series and both in patients with previous lower abdominal surgery. There have been no deaths. With an average follow-up of 30 months (range, 1-60 months), there have been three (0.2%) recurrences. These recurrences were due to technical problems (inadequate mesh coverage), and each was repaired with a laparoscopic transabdominal approach or an anterior open approach. The use of the TEP-approach laparoscopic hernia repair is safe and effective in patients with recurrent and/or bilateral inguinal hernias.
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Ramshaw BJ, Esartia P, Schwab J, Mason EM, Wilson RA, Duncan TD, Miller J, Lucas GW, Promes J. Comparison of laparoscopic and open ventral herniorrhaphy. Am Surg 1999; 65:827-31; discussion 831-2. [PMID: 10484084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
The repair of large and/or recurrent ventral hernias is associated with significant complications and a recurrence rate that can be more than 50 per cent. Laparoscopic ventral herniorrhaphy, a recent development, has been shown to be safe and effective in the repair of ventral hernias. This study retrospectively reviews all ventral hernia repairs over a 3-year period, November 1995 through December 1998, at a community-based teaching hospital. The purpose of the study was to compare open and laparoscopic repairs. A total of 253 ventral hernia repairs were performed during this time, 174 open and 79 laparoscopic. The age, weight, and sex distribution was similar for each group. The hernias in the open group averaged 34.1 cm2 in size, and mesh used averaged 47.3 cm2. In the laparoscopic group, the hernia defect averaged 73.0 cm2, and the mesh size averaged 287.4 cm2. Operative time was longer in the open group, 82.0 versus 58.0 minutes. In the open group, there were 38 (21.8%) minor and 8 (4.6%) major complications, compared with 13 (16.5%) minor and 2 (2.5%) major complications in the laparoscopic group. Hospital stay was shorter for the laparoscopic group, 1.7 versus 2.8 days. At an average follow-up of 21 months (range, 2-40 months), there have been 36 recurrences in the open group (20.7%) compared with 2 recurrences in the laparoscopic group (2.5%). In this series, laparoscopic ventral herniorrhaphy compares favorably to open ventral herniorrhaphy with respect to wound complications, hospital stay, operative time, and recurrence rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J Ramshaw
- Department of Surgery, Georgia Baptist Medical Center, Atlanta, USA
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Abstract
The use of minimally invasive surgery for abdominal pathology, including malignancy, has increased significantly within the past decade. Despite the advances in radiographic imaging, the use of laparoscopy for diagnosing and staging abdominal malignancy has become an important tool in the overall care of these patients. A review of published series for a variety of abdominal malignancies is presented. With the growing experience in this technique, some preliminary conclusions and ongoing issues are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J Ramshaw
- Department of General Surgery, Atlanta Medical Center, Georgia.
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Ramshaw BJ, Mason EM. Laparoscopic fundoplication. Todays Surg Nurse 1998; 20:36-9. [PMID: 9875004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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Abstract
Laparoscopy is an effective tool for diagnosis and staging of malignancies. Laparoscopic resection of abdominal tumors has been performed rarely, with two exceptions: laparoscopic adrenalectomy and laparoscopic resection of colorectal cancer. One of the best applications of minimally invasive surgery is the use of laparoscopic techniques for palliation of abdominal cancer. Requiring thorough training and preparation of surgeons and mandating their strict credentialing will reduce the risk of complications from laparoscopic surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J Ramshaw
- Georgia Baptist Medical Center, Atlanta, USA
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Heithold DL, Ramshaw BJ, Mason EM, Duncan TD, White J, Dozier AF, Tucker JG, Wilson JP, Lucas GW. 500 total extraperitoneal approach laparoscopic herniorrhaphies: a single-institution review. Am Surg 1997; 63:299-301. [PMID: 9124744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
At Georgia Baptist Medical Center, a community-based, university-affiliated hospital, we adopted the total extraperitoneal approach (TEPA) to laparoscopic herniorrhaphy due to potential complications in entering the abdominal cavity reported previously with the transabdominal preperitoneal technique (Am Surg 1996;62:69-72). We have also employed regional anesthesia (epidural) in 108 patients in whom the TEPA was utilized. In our institution, the TEPA has compared favorably to the transabdominal preperitoneal technique, with lower complication and recurrence rates. In patients with previous lower abdominal surgery, the TEPA is considered a relative contraindication due to the increased risk of complications (Am Surg 1997, in press). Since June 1993, we have performed 503 laparoscopic herniorrhaphies using the TEPA, with encouraging early results. To date, two recurrences have been reported, one with previous lower abdominal surgery and another whose recurrence was noted to be secondary to incomplete reapproximation of the mesh with staples around the cord structures. Four major complications include two bowel perforations and two cystotomies noted during balloon dissection of the preperitoneal space. Three of these patients had previous lower abdominal surgery. Epidural anesthesia was used in 108 patients, 4 of whom required conversion to general anesthesia due to peritoneal tears and pain associated with pneumoperitoneum. All four of these patients had previous lower abdominal surgery. In summary, the TEPA remains a viable technique for laparoscopic herniorrhaphy with acceptable complication and recurrence rates. Epidural anesthesia is well tolerated by the patients undergoing this particular repair. We feel that lower abdominal surgery may be a mitigating factor in selection of the TEPA. Continued re-evaluation of the procedure is warranted before definitive conclusions can be made.
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Ramshaw BJ, Tucker J, Duncan T, Heithold D, Garcha I, Mason EM, Wilson JP, Lucas GW. The effect of previous lower abdominal surgery on performing the total extraperitoneal approach to laparoscopic herniorrhaphy. Am Surg 1996; 62:292-4. [PMID: 8600850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
At Georgia Baptist Medical Center in Atlanta, GA, we adopted the total extraperitoneal approach (TEPA) to laparoscopic herniorrhaphies because of the concerns of potential early and late complications associated with entering the abdominal cavity. In our institution, the TEPA has compared favorably with the transabdominal approach, with lower complication and recurrence rates. There has been concern, however, in performing the TEPA in patients with previous lower abdominal surgery. The question has been raised that there is increased risk of complications in these patients. From June 1993 to May 1994, we performed 247 laparoscopic herniorrhaphies in 192 patients using the TEPA. Of these, 55 hernias were repaired in 45 patients with previous lower abdominal surgery. Overall retrospective results showed a slightly higher complication rate (23.1% vs 11.3%) and slightly higher recurrence rate (1.8% vs 0%) in the patients with previous surgery over those without. Although these differences are not statistically significant, it is important to keep these risks in mind when selecting the appropriate hernia repair for each patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J Ramshaw
- Department of Surgery, Georgia Baptist Medical Center, Atlanta, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND There are a variety of accepted techniques for herniorrhaphy. With the advent of laparoscopic general surgery, new endoscopic techniques using the transabdominal and total extraperitoneal approaches have been added to the many options for the repair of inguinal hernia. The purpose of this study was to compare the early results of these approaches at a single institution. METHODS Between May 1991 and August 1994, 600 laparoscopic herniorrhaphies were performed on 493 patients. Three hundred hernias were repaired using the transabdominal preperitoneal approach and 300 were repaired using the total extraperitoneal approach. A retrospective review was performed with emphasis on the comparison of recurrence rates and complication rates between these two approaches to laparoscopic herniorrhaphy. RESULTS The recurrence rates were 2.0% (6/300) for the transabdominal approach and 0.3% (1/300) for the total extraperitoneal approach. The complication rate for the transabdominal approach was 10.7% and included thigh paresthesias (6), inferior epigastric artery injuries (4), enterotomy (1), bowel obstruction (1), bladder injury (1), and urinary retention (14). The complication rate for the total extraperitoneal approach was 3.7% and included enterotomies (2), bladder injury (1), paresthesia (1), and urinary retention (6). The recurrence, the enterotomies, and the bladder injury in the total extraperitoneal group were all in patients who had previous lower abdominal operations. CONCLUSIONS Although both the transabdominal preperitoneal and total extraperitoneal approaches to laparoscopic herniorrhaphy have acceptable recurrence and complication rates, there were significant advantages to the total extraperitoneal approach in our institution. Previous lower abdominal surgery may be a relative contraindication to the total extraperitoneal approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J Ramshaw
- Department of Surgery, Georgia Baptist Medical Center, Atlanta 30312-1266, USA
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