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Troshev D, Kolacheva A, Pavlova E, Blokhin V, Ugrumov M. Application of OpenArray Technology to Assess Changes in the Expression of Functionally Significant Genes in the Substantia Nigra of Mice in a Model of Parkinson's Disease. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:2202. [PMID: 38137024 PMCID: PMC10742853 DOI: 10.3390/genes14122202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Studying the molecular mechanisms of the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD) is critical to improve PD treatment. We used OpenArray technology to assess gene expression in the substantia nigra (SN) cells of mice in a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) model of PD and in controls. Among the 11 housekeeping genes tested, Rps27a was taken as the reference gene due to its most stable expression in normal and experimental conditions. From 101 genes encoding functionally significant proteins of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons, 57 highly expressed genes were selected to assess their expressions in the PD model and in the controls. The expressions of Th, Ddc, Maoa, Comt, Slc6a3, Slc18a2, Drd2, and Nr4a2 decreased in the experiment compared to the control, indicating decreases in the synthesis, degradation, and transport of dopamine and the impaired autoregulation of dopaminergic neurons. The expressions of Tubb3, Map2, Syn1, Syt1, Rab7, Sod1, Cib1, Gpx1, Psmd4, Ubb, Usp47, and Ctsb genes were also decreased in the MPTP-treated mice, indicating impairments of axonal and vesicular transport and abnormal functioning of the antioxidant and ubiquitin-proteasome systems in the SN. The detected decreases in the expressions of Snca, Nsf, Dnm1l, and Keap1 may serve to reduce pathological protein aggregation, increase dopamine release in the striatum, prevent mitophagy, and restore the redox status of SN cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Michael Ugrumov
- Laboratory of Neural and Neuroendocrine Regulations, Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (D.T.); (A.K.); (E.P.); (V.B.)
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Nakamura R, Nonaka R, Oyama G, Jo T, Kamo H, Nuermaimaiti M, Akamatsu W, Ishikawa KI, Hattori N. A defined method for differentiating human iPSCs into midbrain dopaminergic progenitors that safely restore motor deficits in Parkinson's disease. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1202027. [PMID: 37502682 PMCID: PMC10368972 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1202027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative condition that primarily affects motor functions; it is caused by the loss of midbrain dopaminergic (mDA) neurons. The therapeutic effects of transplanting human-induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived mDA neural progenitor cells in animal PD models are known and are being evaluated in an ongoing clinical trial. However, However, improvements in the safety and efficiency of differentiation-inducing methods are crucial for providing a larger scale of cell therapy studies. This study aimed to investigate the usefulness of dopaminergic progenitor cells derived from human iPSCs by our previously reported method, which promotes differentiation and neuronal maturation by treating iPSCs with three inhibitors at the start of induction. Methods Healthy subject-derived iPS cells were induced into mDA progenitor cells by the CTraS-mediated method we previously reported, and their proprieties and dopaminergic differentiation efficiency were examined in vitro. Then, the induced mDA progenitors were transplanted into 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned PD model mice, and their efficacy in improving motor function, cell viability, and differentiation ability in vivo was evaluated for 16 weeks. Results Approximately ≥80% of cells induced by this method without sorting expressed mDA progenitor markers and differentiated primarily into A9 dopaminergic neurons in vitro. After transplantation in 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned PD model mice, more than 90% of the engrafted cells differentiated into the lineage of mDA neurons, and approximately 15% developed into mature mDA neurons without tumour formation. The grafted PD model mice also demonstrated significantly improved motor functions. Conclusion This study suggests that the differentiation protocol for the preparation of mDA progenitors is a promising option for cell therapy in patients with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Nakamura
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Risa Nonaka
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Diagnosis, Prevention and Treatment of Dementia, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Clinical Data of Parkinson’s Disease, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Genko Oyama
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Jo
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hikaru Kamo
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maierdanjiang Nuermaimaiti
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Clinical Data of Parkinson’s Disease, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wado Akamatsu
- Center for Genomic and Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kei-ichi Ishikawa
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
- Center for Genomic and Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Research and Development for Organoids, School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Hattori
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Diagnosis, Prevention and Treatment of Dementia, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Clinical Data of Parkinson’s Disease, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
- Center for Genomic and Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Research and Development for Organoids, School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
- Neurodegenerative Disorders Collaborative Laboratory, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
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Yeap YJ, Teddy TJW, Lee MJ, Goh M, Lim KL. From 2D to 3D: Development of Monolayer Dopaminergic Neuronal and Midbrain Organoid Cultures for Parkinson's Disease Modeling and Regenerative Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032523. [PMID: 36768843 PMCID: PMC9917335 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder that is characterized pathologically by the loss of A9-specific dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) of the midbrain. Despite intensive research, the etiology of PD is currently unresolved, and the disease remains incurable. This, in part, is due to the lack of an experimental disease model that could faithfully recapitulate the features of human PD. However, the recent advent of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology has allowed PD models to be created from patient-derived cells. Indeed, DA neurons from PD patients are now routinely established in many laboratories as monolayers as well as 3D organoid cultures that serve as useful toolboxes for understanding the mechanism underlying PD and also for drug discovery. At the same time, the iPSC technology also provides unprecedented opportunity for autologous cell-based therapy for the PD patient to be performed using the patient's own cells as starting materials. In this review, we provide an update on the molecular processes underpinning the development and differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) into midbrain DA neurons in both 2D and 3D cultures, as well as the latest advancements in using these cells for drug discovery and regenerative medicine. For the novice entering the field, the cornucopia of differentiation protocols reported for the generation of midbrain DA neurons may seem daunting. Here, we have distilled the essence of the different approaches and summarized the main factors driving DA neuronal differentiation, with the view to provide a useful guide to newcomers who are interested in developing iPSC-based models of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee Jie Yeap
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore
| | - Tng J. W. Teddy
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Programme (IGP-Neuroscience), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Mok Jung Lee
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore
| | - Micaela Goh
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore
| | - Kah Leong Lim
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore
- National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore 308433, Singapore
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- Department of Anatomy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
- Correspondence:
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Xue J, Wu Y, Bao Y, Zhao M, Li F, Sun J, Sun Y, Wang J, Chen L, Mao Y, Schweitzer JS, Song B. Clinical considerations in Parkinson's disease cell therapy. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 83:101792. [PMID: 36402405 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cell replacement therapy is an area of increasing interest for treating Parkinson's disease (PD). However, to become a clinically practical option for PD patients, it must first overcome significant barriers, including establishment of safe and standardized surgical procedures, determination of appropriate perioperative medication regimens, demonstration of long-term graft survival and incorporation, and standardized, clinically meaningful follow-up measures. In this review, we will describe the current status of cell therapy for PD with special attention to these critical requirements, to define guideposts on the road to bring the benefit of this therapy to the Parkinson's clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xue
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Yifan Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Yuting Bao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Minglai Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Fangzhou Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Institute for Translational Brain Research, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yimin Sun
- Institute of Neurology, National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Institute of Neurology, National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Ying Mao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai 200040, China.
| | - Jeffrey S Schweitzer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Bin Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; Institute for Translational Brain Research, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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Troshev D, Blokhin V, Ukrainskaya V, Kolacheva A, Ugrumov M. Isolation of living dopaminergic neurons labeled with a fluorescent ligand of the dopamine transporter from mouse substantia nigra as a new tool for basic and applied research. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:1020070. [PMID: 36568278 PMCID: PMC9780273 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1020070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopaminergic neurons (DNs) of the nigrostriatal system control the motor function, and their degeneration leads to the development of Parkinson's disease (PD). A stumbling block in the study of DNs in the whole substantia nigra (SN) is the lack of tools to analyze the expression of most of the genes involved in neurotransmission, neurodegeneration, and neuroplasticity, since they are also expressed in other cells of the SN. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a fluorescence-activated cell sorting method for isolating living DNs from the SN of wild-type mice using two fluorescent dyes, DRAQ5 (nuclear stain) and a dopamine uptake inhibitor GBR 12909 coupled to a fluorophore (DN stain). We have developed a method for selecting a population of DNs from the SN of mice, as evidenced by: (i) immunopositivity of 95% of the sorted cells for tyrosine hydroxylase, the first enzyme of dopamine synthesis; (ii) the sorted cells expressing the genes for specific proteins of the dopaminergic phenotype, tyrosine hydroxylase, the dopamine transporter, and vesicular monoamine transporter 2 and non-specific proteins, such as aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase, non-specific enzyme of dopamine synthesis. We then compared the changes in gene expression found in the sorted DNs and in the SN homogenate in a PD model we developed, reproduced in mice by treatment with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). Using quantitative PCR, we obtained evidence of the same changes in the expression of specific genes in the sorted DNs of SN and in the SN homogenate of a MPTP mouse model of PD, compared with the control. The undoubted advantage of our approach is the possibility of obtaining a large amount of readily available and relatively cheap primary material (SN) from wild-type mice, which can be used to solve both research and applied problems. In addition, this method can be easily adapted to the isolation of DNs from the SN in other animal species, including non-human primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Troshev
- Laboratory of Neural and Neuroendocrine Regulations, Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Victor Blokhin
- Laboratory of Neural and Neuroendocrine Regulations, Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Valeria Ukrainskaya
- Laboratory of Biocatalysis, Shemyakin–Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Kolacheva
- Laboratory of Neural and Neuroendocrine Regulations, Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Michael Ugrumov
- Laboratory of Neural and Neuroendocrine Regulations, Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia,*Correspondence: Michael Ugrumov,
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6
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Tang Q, Schweitzer JS, Song B. Panning for gold: Purifying mesencephalic dopaminergic progenitors differentiated from human pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cell Reports 2022; 17:2167-2171. [PMID: 36179693 PMCID: PMC9561634 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2022.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In a recently published study, Xu et al. used two surface markers, CLSTN2 and PTPRO, to generate highly purified donor dopaminergic neurons and achieved stable and predictable therapeutic outcomes by transplantation into the brain of PD animal models (Xu et al., 2022).
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyuan Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Institute for Translational Brain Research, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jeffrey S Schweitzer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Bin Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Institute for Translational Brain Research, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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7
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Cukier HN, Kim H, Griswold AJ, Codreanu SG, Prince LM, Sherrod SD, McLean JA, Dykxhoorn DM, Ess KC, Hedera P, Bowman AB, Neely MD. Genomic, transcriptomic, and metabolomic profiles of hiPSC-derived dopamine neurons from clinically discordant brothers with identical PRKN deletions. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2022; 8:84. [PMID: 35768426 PMCID: PMC9243035 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-022-00346-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported on two brothers who carry identical compound heterozygous PRKN mutations yet present with significantly different Parkinson's Disease (PD) clinical phenotypes. Juvenile cases demonstrate that PD is not necessarily an aging-associated disease. Indeed, evidence for a developmental component to PD pathogenesis is accumulating. Thus, we hypothesized that the presence of additional genetic modifiers, including genetic loci relevant to mesencephalic dopamine neuron development, could potentially contribute to the different clinical manifestations of the two brothers. We differentiated human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) derived from the two brothers into mesencephalic neural precursor cells and early postmitotic dopaminergic neurons and performed wholeexome sequencing and transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses. No significant differences in the expression of canonical dopamine neuron differentiation markers were observed. Yet our transcriptomic analysis revealed a significant downregulation of the expression of three neurodevelopmentally relevant cell adhesion molecules, CNTN6, CNTN4 and CHL1, in the cultures of the more severely affected brother. In addition, several HLA genes, known to play a role in neurodevelopment, were differentially regulated. The expression of EN2, a transcription factor crucial for mesencephalic dopamine neuron development, was also differentially regulated. We further identified differences in cellular processes relevant to dopamine metabolism. Lastly, wholeexome sequencing, transcriptomics and metabolomics data all revealed differences in glutathione (GSH) homeostasis, the dysregulation of which has been previously associated with PD. In summary, we identified genetic differences which could potentially, at least partially, contribute to the discordant clinical PD presentation of the two brothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly N Cukier
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Hyunjin Kim
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, IN, USA
| | - Anthony J Griswold
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Simona G Codreanu
- Center for Innovative Technology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Lisa M Prince
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, IN, USA
| | - Stacy D Sherrod
- Center for Innovative Technology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - John A McLean
- Center for Innovative Technology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Derek M Dykxhoorn
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Kevin C Ess
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Peter Hedera
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Aaron B Bowman
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, IN, USA.
| | - M Diana Neely
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
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Carleial S, Nätt D, Unternährer E, Elbert T, Robjant K, Wilker S, Vukojevic V, Kolassa IT, Zeller AC, Koebach A. DNA methylation changes following narrative exposure therapy in a randomized controlled trial with female former child soldiers. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18493. [PMID: 34531495 PMCID: PMC8445994 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98067-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The aftermath of traumatization lives on in the neural and epigenetic traces creating a momentum of affliction in the psychological and social realm. Can psychotherapy reorganise these memories through changes in DNA methylation signatures? Using a randomised controlled parallel group design, we examined methylome-wide changes in saliva samples of 84 female former child soldiers from Eastern DR Congo before and six months after Narrative Exposure Therapy. Treatment predicted differentially methylated positions (DMPs) related to ALCAM, RIPOR2, AFAP1 and MOCOS. In addition, treatment associations overlapped at gene level with baseline clinical and social outcomes. Treatment related DMPs are involved in memory formation-the key agent in trauma focused treatments-and enriched for molecular pathways commonly affected by trauma related disorders. Results were partially replicated in an independent sample of 53 female former child soldiers from Northern Uganda. Our results suggest a molecular impact of psychological treatment in women with war-related childhood trauma.Trial registration: Addressing Heightened Levels of Aggression in Traumatized Offenders With Psychotherapeutic Means (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02992561, 14/12/2016).
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Carleial
- grid.9811.10000 0001 0658 7699Department of Psychology, Centre for Psychiatry, University of Konstanz, Feuerstein-Strasse. 55, Haus 22, 78479 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Daniel Nätt
- grid.5640.70000 0001 2162 9922Division of Neurobiology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Linköping, Building 463, Room 12.023, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Eva Unternährer
- grid.9811.10000 0001 0658 7699Department of Psychology, Centre for Psychiatry, University of Konstanz, Feuerstein-Strasse. 55, Haus 22, 78479 Konstanz, Germany ,grid.6612.30000 0004 1937 0642Child- and Adolescent Research Department, Psychiatric University Hospitals Basel (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Elbert
- grid.9811.10000 0001 0658 7699Department of Psychology, Centre for Psychiatry, University of Konstanz, Feuerstein-Strasse. 55, Haus 22, 78479 Konstanz, Germany ,Vivo International E.V., Postbox 5108, 78430 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Katy Robjant
- Vivo International E.V., Postbox 5108, 78430 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Sarah Wilker
- Vivo International E.V., Postbox 5108, 78430 Konstanz, Germany ,grid.7491.b0000 0001 0944 9128Department of Psychology and Sports Science, University of Bielefeld, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Vanja Vukojevic
- grid.6612.30000 0004 1937 0642Psychiatric University Clinics, Transfaculty Research Platform, University of Basel, Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, CH-4012 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Iris-Tatjana Kolassa
- Vivo International E.V., Postbox 5108, 78430 Konstanz, Germany ,grid.6582.90000 0004 1936 9748Department of Clinical and Biological Psychology, Institute of Psychology & Education, University of Ulm, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Anja C. Zeller
- grid.9811.10000 0001 0658 7699Department of Psychology, Centre for Psychiatry, University of Konstanz, Feuerstein-Strasse. 55, Haus 22, 78479 Konstanz, Germany ,Vivo International E.V., Postbox 5108, 78430 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Anke Koebach
- grid.9811.10000 0001 0658 7699Department of Psychology, Centre for Psychiatry, University of Konstanz, Feuerstein-Strasse. 55, Haus 22, 78479 Konstanz, Germany ,Vivo International E.V., Postbox 5108, 78430 Konstanz, Germany
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Yoo JE, Lee DR, Park S, Shin HR, Lee KG, Kim DS, Jo MY, Eom JH, Cho MS, Hwang DY, Kim DW. Trophoblast glycoprotein is a marker for efficient sorting of ventral mesencephalic dopaminergic precursors derived from human pluripotent stem cells. NPJ PARKINSONS DISEASE 2021; 7:61. [PMID: 34282148 PMCID: PMC8289854 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-021-00204-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Successful cell therapy for Parkinson’s disease (PD) requires large numbers of homogeneous ventral mesencephalic dopaminergic (vmDA) precursors. Enrichment of vmDA precursors via cell sorting is required to ensure high safety and efficacy of the cell therapy. Here, using LMX1A-eGFP knock-in reporter human embryonic stem cells, we discovered a novel surface antigen, trophoblast glycoprotein (TPBG), which was preferentially expressed in vmDA precursors. TPBG-targeted cell sorting enriched FOXA2+LMX1A+ vmDA precursors and helped attain efficient behavioral recovery of rodent PD models with increased numbers of TH+, NURR1+, and PITX3+ vmDA neurons in the grafts. Additionally, fewer proliferating cells were detected in TPBG+ cell-derived grafts than in TPBG− cell-derived grafts. Our approach is an efficient way to obtain enriched bona fide vmDA precursors, which could open a new avenue for effective PD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Eun Yoo
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dongjin R Lee
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sanghyun Park
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Severance Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hye-Rim Shin
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kun Gu Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Sungnam, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Dae-Sung Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | | | | | - Dong-Youn Hwang
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Sungnam, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea.
| | - Dong-Wook Kim
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea. .,Severance Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea. .,Brain Korea 21 PLUS Program for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
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10
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Meyfour A, Pahlavan S, Mirzaei M, Krijgsveld J, Baharvand H, Salekdeh GH. The quest of cell surface markers for stem cell therapy. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:469-495. [PMID: 32710154 PMCID: PMC11073434 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03602-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells and their derivatives are novel pharmaceutics that have the potential for use as tissue replacement therapies. However, the heterogeneous characteristics of stem cell cultures have hindered their biomedical applications. In theory and practice, when cell type-specific or stage-specific cell surface proteins are targeted by unique antibodies, they become highly efficient in detecting and isolating specific cell populations. There is a growing demand to identify reliable and actionable cell surface markers that facilitate purification of particular cell types at specific developmental stages for use in research and clinical applications. The identification of these markers as very important members of plasma membrane proteins, ion channels, transporters, and signaling molecules has directly benefited from proteomics and tools for proteomics-derived data analyses. Here, we review the methodologies that have played a role in the discovery of cell surface markers and introduce cutting edge single cell proteomics as an advanced tool. We also discuss currently available specific cell surface markers for stem cells and their lineages, with emphasis on the nervous system, heart, pancreas, and liver. The remaining gaps that pertain to the discovery of these markers and how single cell proteomics and identification of surface markers associated with the progenitor stages of certain terminally differentiated cells may pave the way for their use in regenerative medicine are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Meyfour
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Pahlavan
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mirzaei
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Australian Proteome Analysis Facility, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jeroen Krijgsveld
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, Heidelberg, Germany
- Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 672, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hossein Baharvand
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghasem Hosseini Salekdeh
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Banihashem St, P.O. Box: 16635-148, 1665659911, Tehran, Iran.
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11
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Hiller BM, Marmion DJ, Gross RM, Thompson CA, Chavez CA, Brundin P, Wakeman DR, McMahon CW, Kordower JH. Mitomycin-C treatment during differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived dopamine neurons reduces proliferation without compromising survival or function in vivo. Stem Cells Transl Med 2020; 10:278-290. [PMID: 32997443 PMCID: PMC7848297 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.20-0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nongenetic methodologies to reduce undesirable proliferation would be valuable when generating dopamine neurons from stem cells for transplantation in Parkinson's disease (PD). To this end, we modified an established method for controlled differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) into midbrain dopamine neurons using two distinct methods: omission of FGF8 or the in‐process use of the DNA cross‐linker mitomycin‐C (MMC). We transplanted the cells to athymic rats with unilateral 6‐hydroxydopamine lesions and monitored long‐term survival and function of the grafts. Transplants of cells manufactured using MMC had low proliferation while still permitting robust survival and function comparable to that seen with transplanted dopamine neurons derived using genetic drug selection. Conversely, cells manufactured without FGF8 survived transplantation but exhibited poor in vivo function. Our results suggest that MMC can be used to reduce the number of proliferative cells in stem cell‐derived postmitotic neuron preparations for use in PD cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M Hiller
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - David J Marmion
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Rachel M Gross
- College of Arts and Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | | | | | - Patrik Brundin
- Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Dustin R Wakeman
- Virscio, Inc., New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey H Kordower
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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12
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Takahashi J. iPS cell-based therapy for Parkinson's disease: A Kyoto trial. Regen Ther 2020; 13:18-22. [PMID: 33490319 PMCID: PMC7794047 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2020.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Following intensive efforts since their discovery little more than 10 years ago, cell replacement therapy using induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells is now becoming reality. However, there remain several obstacles in the translation of basic research to clinical application, obstacles known as the “Valley of Death”. With regards to regenerative medicine using iPS cells for Parkinson's disease, we have developed a method for the 1) efficient induction of dopaminergic neurons from human iPS cells and 2) sorting dopaminergic progenitor cells using a floor plate marker, CORIN. The grafted CORIN+ cells survived well and functioned as midbrain dopaminergic neurons in the Parkinson's disease model rats and monkeys, and showed minimal risk of tumor formation. Based on these results, we performed a pre-clinical study using a clinical-grade iPS cell line and finally started a clinical trial to treat Parkinson's disease patients in August 2018. Here, I discuss the key issues to crossing the Valley of Death: scientific rationale, pre-clinical study, and clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Takahashi
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
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13
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Takahashi J. Preclinical evaluation of patient-derived cells shows promise for Parkinson's disease. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:601-603. [PMID: 31929191 DOI: 10.1172/jci134031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease caused by the progressive loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the midbrain projecting to the striatum, which leads to motor dysfunctions, such as bradykinesia (slowed movement), rigidity, and tremors. To replace the lost cells, the transplantation of DA neurons derived from embryonic stem cells or induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has been considered. In this issue of the JCI, Song et al. report on their development of an iPSC induction and differentiation protocol that can promote the realization of autologous transplantation to treat PD patients with their own cells.
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14
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Kim TW, Koo SY, Studer L. Pluripotent Stem Cell Therapies for Parkinson Disease: Present Challenges and Future Opportunities. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:729. [PMID: 32903681 PMCID: PMC7438741 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In Parkinson's disease (PD), there are currently no effective therapies to prevent or slow down disease progression. Cell replacement therapy using human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived dopamine neurons holds considerable promise. It presents a novel, regenerative strategy, building on the extensive history of fetal tissue grafts and capturing the potential of hPSCs to serve as a scalable and standardized cell source. Progress in establishing protocols for the direct differentiation to midbrain dopamine (mDA) neurons from hPSC have catalyzed the development of cell-based therapies for PD. Consequently, several groups have derived clinical-grade mDA neuron precursors under clinical good manufacture practice condition, which are progressing toward clinical testing in PD patients. Here we will review the current status of the field, discuss the remaining key challenges, and highlight future areas for further improvements of hPSC-based technologies in the clinical translation to PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Wan Kim
- The Center for Stem Cell Biology, Developmental Biology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY, United States.,Developmental Biology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY, United States
| | - So Yeon Koo
- The Center for Stem Cell Biology, Developmental Biology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY, United States.,Developmental Biology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY, United States.,Neuroscience Graduate Program of Weill Cornell Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Lorenz Studer
- The Center for Stem Cell Biology, Developmental Biology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY, United States.,Developmental Biology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY, United States
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15
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Ásgrímsdóttir ES, Arenas E. Midbrain Dopaminergic Neuron Development at the Single Cell Level: In vivo and in Stem Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:463. [PMID: 32733875 PMCID: PMC7357704 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that predominantly affects dopaminergic (DA) neurons of the substantia nigra. Current treatment options for PD are symptomatic and typically involve the replacement of DA neurotransmission by DA drugs, which relieve the patients of some of their motor symptoms. However, by the time of diagnosis, patients have already lost about 70% of their substantia nigra DA neurons and these drugs offer only temporary relief. Therefore, cell replacement therapy has garnered much interest as a potential treatment option for PD. Early studies using human fetal tissue for transplantation in PD patients provided proof of principle for cell replacement therapy, but they also highlighted the ethical and practical difficulties associated with using human fetal tissue as a cell source. In recent years, advancements in stem cell research have made human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) an attractive source of material for cell replacement therapy. Studies on how DA neurons are specified and differentiated in the developing mouse midbrain have allowed us to recapitulate many of the positional and temporal cues needed to generate DA neurons in vitro. However, little is known about the developmental programs that govern human DA neuron development. With the advent of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and bioinformatics, it has become possible to analyze precious human samples with unprecedented detail and extract valuable high-quality information from large data sets. This technology has allowed the systematic classification of cell types present in the human developing midbrain along with their gene expression patterns. By studying human development in such an unbiased manner, we can begin to elucidate human DA neuron development and determine how much it differs from our knowledge of the rodent brain. Importantly, this molecular description of the function of human cells has become and will increasingly be a reference to define, evaluate, and engineer cell types for PD cell replacement therapy and disease modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ernest Arenas
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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16
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Miyazaki H, Yamanaka T, Oyama F, Kino Y, Kurosawa M, Yamada-Kurosawa M, Yamano R, Shimogori T, Hattori N, Nukina N. FACS-array-based cell purification yields a specific transcriptome of striatal medium spiny neurons in a murine Huntington disease model. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:9768-9785. [PMID: 32499373 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.012983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by expanded CAG repeats in the Huntingtin gene. Results from previous studies have suggested that transcriptional dysregulation is one of the key mechanisms underlying striatal medium spiny neuron (MSN) degeneration in HD. However, some of the critical genes involved in HD etiology or pathology could be masked in a common expression profiling assay because of contamination with non-MSN cells. To gain insight into the MSN-specific gene expression changes in presymptomatic R6/2 mice, a common HD mouse model, here we used a transgenic fluorescent protein marker of MSNs for purification via FACS before profiling gene expression with gene microarrays and compared the results of this "FACS-array" with those obtained with homogenized striatal samples (STR-array). We identified hundreds of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and enhanced detection of MSN-specific DEGs by comparing the results of the FACS-array with those of the STR-array. The gene sets obtained included genes ubiquitously expressed in both MSNs and non-MSN cells of the brain and associated with transcriptional regulation and DNA damage responses. We proposed that the comparative gene expression approach using the FACS-array may be useful for uncovering the gene cascades affected in MSNs during HD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruko Miyazaki
- Laboratory of Structural Neuropathology, Graduate School of Brain Science, Doshisha University, Kyoto, Japan.,Laboratory for Structural Neuropathology, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama, Japan.,Laboratory for Molecular Mechanisms of Brain Development, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan.,Department of Neuroscience for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Yamanaka
- Laboratory of Structural Neuropathology, Graduate School of Brain Science, Doshisha University, Kyoto, Japan.,Laboratory for Structural Neuropathology, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama, Japan.,Laboratory for Molecular Mechanisms of Brain Development, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan.,Department of Neuroscience for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumitaka Oyama
- Laboratory for Structural Neuropathology, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama, Japan.,Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kino
- Laboratory for Structural Neuropathology, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama, Japan.,Department of Bioinformatics and Molecular Neuropathology, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaru Kurosawa
- Laboratory for Structural Neuropathology, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama, Japan.,Institute for Environmental and Gender-specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | | | - Risa Yamano
- Laboratory of Structural Neuropathology, Graduate School of Brain Science, Doshisha University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomomi Shimogori
- Laboratory for Molecular Mechanisms of Brain Development, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Hattori
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Nukina
- Laboratory of Structural Neuropathology, Graduate School of Brain Science, Doshisha University, Kyoto, Japan .,Laboratory for Structural Neuropathology, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama, Japan.,Laboratory for Molecular Mechanisms of Brain Development, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan.,Department of Neuroscience for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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17
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Kotarska A, Fernandes L, Kleene R, Schachner M. Cell adhesion molecule close homolog of L1 binds to the dopamine receptor D2 and inhibits the internalization of its short isoform. FASEB J 2020; 34:4832-4851. [PMID: 32052901 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900577rrrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Cell adhesion molecule close homolog of L1 (CHL1) and the dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2) are associated with psychiatric and mental disorders. We here show that DRD2 interacts with CHL1 in mouse brain, as evidenced by co-immunostaining, proximity ligation assay, co-immunoprecipitation, and pull-down assay with recombinant extracellular CHL1 domain fused to Fc (CHL1-Fc). Direct binding of CHL1-Fc to the first extracellular loop of DRD2 was shown by ELISA. Using HEK cells transfected to co-express CHL1 and the short (DRD2-S) or long (DRD2-L) DRD2 isoforms, co-localization of CHL1 and both isoforms was observed by immunostaining and proximity ligation assay. Moreover, CHL1 inhibited agonist-triggered internalization of DRD2-S. Proximity ligation assay showed close interaction between CHL1 and DRD2 in neurons expressing dopamine- and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein of 32 kDa (DARPP32) or tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in tissue sections of adult mouse striatum. In cultures of striatum or ventral midbrain, CHL1 was also closely associated with DRD2 in DARPP32- or TH-immunopositive cells, respectively. In the dorsal striatum of CHL1-deficient mice, lower levels of DRD2 and phosphorylated TH were observed, when compared to wild-type littermates. In the ventral striatum of CHL1-deficient mice, levels of phosphorylated DARPP32 were reduced. We propose that CHL1 regulates DRD2-dependent presynaptic and postsynaptic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Kotarska
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Luciana Fernandes
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Kleene
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Melitta Schachner
- Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience and Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
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18
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Hu X, Mao C, Fan L, Luo H, Hu Z, Zhang S, Yang Z, Zheng H, Sun H, Fan Y, Yang J, Shi C, Xu Y. Modeling Parkinson's Disease Using Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:1061470. [PMID: 32256606 PMCID: PMC7091557 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1061470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease. The molecular mechanisms of PD at the cellular level involve oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, autophagy, axonal transport, and neuroinflammation. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) with patient-specific genetic background are capable of directed differentiation into dopaminergic neurons. Cell models based on iPSCs are powerful tools for studying the molecular mechanisms of PD. The iPSCs used for PD studies were mainly from patients carrying mutations in synuclein alpha (SNCA), leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2), PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1), parkin RBR E3 ubiquitin protein ligase (PARK2), cytoplasmic protein sorting 35 (VPS35), and variants in glucosidase beta acid (GBA). In this review, we summarized the advances in molecular mechanisms of Parkinson's disease using iPSC models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinchao Hu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000 Henan, China
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000 Henan, China
| | - Chengyuan Mao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000 Henan, China
| | - Liyuan Fan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000 Henan, China
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000 Henan, China
| | - Haiyang Luo
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000 Henan, China
| | - Zhengwei Hu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000 Henan, China
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000 Henan, China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000 Henan, China
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000 Henan, China
| | - Zhihua Yang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000 Henan, China
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000 Henan, China
| | - Huimin Zheng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000 Henan, China
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000 Henan, China
| | - Huifang Sun
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000 Henan, China
| | - Yu Fan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000 Henan, China
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000 Henan, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000 Henan, China
| | - Changhe Shi
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000 Henan, China
| | - Yuming Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000 Henan, China
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19
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Stephenson M, Reich DH, Boheler KR. Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived vascular smooth muscle cells. VASCULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 2:R1-R15. [PMID: 32923972 PMCID: PMC7439844 DOI: 10.1530/vb-19-0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The reproducible generation of human-induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived vascular smooth muscle cells (vSMCs) in vitro has been critical to overcoming many limitations of animal and primary cell models of vascular biology and disease. Since this initial advance, research in the field has turned toward recapitulating the naturally occurring subtype specificity found in vSMCs throughout the body, and honing functional models of vascular disease. In this review, we summarize vSMC derivation approaches, including current phenotype and developmental origin-specific methods, and applications of vSMCs in functional disease models and engineered tissues. Further, we discuss the challenges of heterogeneity in hiPSC-derived tissues and propose approaches to identify and isolate vSMC subtype populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makeda Stephenson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Daniel H Reich
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kenneth R Boheler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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20
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Bye CR, Penna V, de Luzy IR, Gantner CW, Hunt CPJ, Thompson LH, Parish CL. Transcriptional Profiling of Xenogeneic Transplants: Examining Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Grafts in the Rodent Brain. Stem Cell Reports 2019; 13:877-890. [PMID: 31680060 PMCID: PMC6895727 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells are a valuable resource for transplantation, yet our ability to profile xenografts is largely limited to low-throughput immunohistochemical analysis by difficulties in readily isolating grafts for transcriptomic and/or proteomic profiling. Here, we present a simple methodology utilizing differences in the RNA sequence between species to discriminate xenograft from host gene expression (using qPCR or RNA sequencing [RNA-seq]). To demonstrate the approach, we assessed grafts of undifferentiated human stem cells and neural progenitors in the rodent brain. Xenograft-specific qPCR provided sensitive detection of proliferative cells, and identified germ layer markers and appropriate neural maturation genes across the graft types. Xenograft-specific RNA-seq enabled profiling of the complete transcriptome and an unbiased characterization of graft composition. Such xenograft-specific profiling will be crucial for pre-clinical characterization of grafts and batch-testing of therapeutic cell preparations to ensure safety and functional predictability prior to translation. Interspecies sequence variation allows separation of xenograft and host transcripts Species-specific primers enable profiling of targeted xenograft genes with qPCR Xenograft-specific RNA-seq enables genome-wide transcriptional profiling of grafts Xenogeneic-specific profiling provides unbiased characterization of graft composition
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R Bye
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
| | - Vanessa Penna
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Isabelle R de Luzy
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Carlos W Gantner
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Cameron P J Hunt
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Lachlan H Thompson
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Clare L Parish
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
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21
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Isolation of LMX1a Ventral Midbrain Progenitors Improves the Safety and Predictability of Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Neural Transplants in Parkinsonian Disease. J Neurosci 2019; 39:9521-9531. [PMID: 31641054 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1160-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are a promising resource for the replacement of degenerated ventral midbrain dopaminergic (vmDA) neurons in Parkinson's disease. Despite recent advances in protocols for the in vitro generation of vmDA neurons, the asynchronous and heterogeneous nature of the differentiations results in transplants of surprisingly low vmDA neuron purity. As the field advances toward the clinic, it will be optimal, if not essential, to remove poorly specified and potentially proliferative cells from donor preparations to ensure safety and predictable efficacy. Here, we use two novel hPSC knock-in reporter lines expressing GFP under the LMX1A and PITX3 promoters, to selectively isolate vm progenitors and DA precursors, respectively. For each cell line, unsorted, GFP+, and GFP- cells were transplanted into male or female Parkinsonian rodents. Only rats receiving unsorted cells, LMX1A-eGFP+, or PITX3-eGFP- cell grafts showed improved motor function over 6 months. Postmortem analysis revealed small grafts from PITX3-eGFP+ cells, suggesting that these DA precursors were not compatible with cell survival and integration. In contrast, LMX1A-eGFP+ grafts were highly enriched for vmDA neurons, and importantly excluded expansive proliferative populations and serotonergic neurons. These LMX1A-eGFP+ progenitor grafts accelerated behavioral recovery and innervated developmentally appropriate forebrain targets, whereas LMX1A-eGFP- cell grafts failed to restore motor deficits, supported by increased fiber growth into nondopaminergic target nuclei. This is the first study to use an hPSC-derived reporter line to purify vm progenitors, resulting in improved safety, predictability of the graft composition, and enhanced motor function.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Clinical trials have shown functional integration of transplanted fetal-derived dopamine progenitors in Parkinson's disease. Human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived midbrain progenitors are now being tested as an alternative cell source; however, despite current differentiation protocols generating >80% correctly specified cells for implantation, resultant grafts contain a small fraction of dopamine neurons. Cell-sorting approaches, to select for correctly patterned cells before implantation, are being explored yet have been suboptimal to date. This study provides the first evidence of using 2 hPSC reporter lines (LMX1A-GFP and PITX3-GFP) to isolate correctly specified cells for transplantation. We show LMX1A-GFP+, but not PITX3-GFP+, cell grafts are more predictable, with smaller grafts, enriched in dopamine neurons, showing appropriate integration and accelerated functional recovery in Parkinsonian rats.
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Menon V, Thomas R, Elgueta C, Horl M, Osborn T, Hallett PJ, Bartos M, Isacson O, Pruszak J. Comprehensive Cell Surface Antigen Analysis Identifies Transferrin Receptor Protein-1 (CD71) as a Negative Selection Marker for Human Neuronal Cells. Stem Cells 2019; 37:1293-1306. [PMID: 31381839 PMCID: PMC6851846 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cell state‐, developmental stage‐, and lineage‐specific combinatorial expression of cluster of differentiation (CD) molecules enables the identification of cellular subsets via multicolor flow cytometry. We describe an exhaustive characterization of neural cell types by surface antigens, exploiting human pluripotent stem cell‐derived neural cell systems. Using multiwell screening approaches followed by detailed validation of expression patterns and dynamics, we exemplify a strategy for resolving cellular heterogeneity in stem cell paradigms. In addition to providing a catalog of surface antigens expressed in the neural lineage, we identified the transferrin receptor‐1 (CD71) to be differentially expressed in neural stem cells and differentiated neurons. In this context, we describe a role for N‐Myc proto‐oncogene (MYCN) in maintaining CD71 expression in proliferating neural cells. We report that in vitro human stem cell‐derived neurons lack CD71 surface expression and that the observed differential expression can be used to identify and enrich CD71− neuronal derivatives from heterogeneous cultures. stem cells2019;37:1293–1306
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Menon
- Department of Molecular Embryology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM) and Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Freiburg iPS Core (FiPS), Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Gene Therapy, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ria Thomas
- Department of Molecular Embryology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM) and Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Neuroregeneration Laboratories, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Claudio Elgueta
- Institute for Physiology I, Cellular and Systemic Neurophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marcus Horl
- Department of Molecular Embryology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Teresia Osborn
- Neuroregeneration Laboratories, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Penny J Hallett
- Neuroregeneration Laboratories, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marlene Bartos
- Institute for Physiology I, Cellular and Systemic Neurophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ole Isacson
- Neuroregeneration Laboratories, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jan Pruszak
- Department of Molecular Embryology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Freiburg iPS Core (FiPS), Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Gene Therapy, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Biological Signaling Studies (BIOSS), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Axonal Growth of Midbrain Dopamine Neurons is Modulated by the Cell Adhesion Molecule ALCAM Through Trans-Heterophilic Interactions with L1cam, Chl1, and Semaphorins. J Neurosci 2019; 39:6656-6667. [PMID: 31300520 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0278-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The growth of axons corresponding to different neuronal subtypes is governed by unique expression profiles of molecules on the growth cone. These molecules respond to extracellular cues either locally though cell adhesion interactions or over long distances through diffusible gradients. Here, we report that that the cell adhesion molecule ALCAM (CD166) can act as an extracellular substrate to selectively promote the growth of murine midbrain dopamine (mDA) neuron axons through a trans-heterophilic interaction with mDA-bound adhesion molecules. In mixed-sex primary midbrain cultures, the growth-promoting effect of ALCAM was abolished by neutralizing antibodies for components of the Semaphorin receptor complex Nrp1, Chl1, or L1cam. The ALCAM substrate was also found to modulate the response of mDA neurites to soluble semaphorins in a context-specific manner by abolishing the growth-promoting effect of Sema3A but inducing a branching response in the presence of Sema3C. These findings identify a previously unrecognized guidance mechanism whereby cell adhesion molecules act in trans to modulate the response of axonal growth cones to soluble gradients to selectively orchestrate the growth and guidance of mDA neurons.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The mechanisms governing the axonal connectivity of midbrain dopamine (mDA) neurons during neural development have remained rather poorly understood relative to other model systems for axonal growth and guidance. Here, we report a series of novel interactions between proteins previously not identified in the context of mDA neuronal growth. Significantly, the results suggest a previously unrecognized mechanism involving the convergence in signaling between local, adhesion and long-distance, soluble cues. A better understanding of the molecules and mechanisms involved in establishment of the mDA system is important as a part of ongoing efforts to understand the consequence of conditions that may result from aberrant connectivity and also for cell replacement strategies for Parkinson's disease.
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Mishima T, Fujioka S, Fukae J, Yuasa-Kawada J, Tsuboi Y. Modeling Parkinson's Disease and Atypical Parkinsonian Syndromes Using Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19123870. [PMID: 30518093 PMCID: PMC6321610 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) and atypical parkinsonian syndromes are age-dependent multifactorial neurodegenerative diseases, which are clinically characterized by bradykinesia, tremor, muscle rigidity and postural instability. Although these diseases share several common clinical phenotypes, their pathophysiological aspects vary among the disease categories. Extensive animal-based approaches, as well as postmortem studies, have provided important insights into the disease mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets. However, the exact pathological mechanisms triggering such diseases still remain elusive. Furthermore, the effects of drugs observed in animal models are not always reproduced in human clinical trials. By using induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology, it has become possible to establish patient-specific iPSCs from their somatic cells and to effectively differentiate these iPSCs into different types of neurons, reproducing some key aspects of the disease phenotypes in vitro. In this review, we summarize recent findings from iPSC-based modeling of PD and several atypical parkinsonian syndromes including multiple system atrophy, frontotemporal dementia and parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17 and Perry syndrome. Furthermore, we discuss future challenges and prospects for modeling and understanding PD and atypical parkinsonian syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayasu Mishima
- Department of Neurology, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan.
| | - Shinsuke Fujioka
- Department of Neurology, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan.
| | - Jiro Fukae
- Department of Neurology, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan.
| | | | - Yoshio Tsuboi
- Department of Neurology, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan.
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Fathi A, Mirzaei M, Dolatyar B, Sharifitabar M, Bayat M, Shahbazi E, Lee J, Javan M, Zhang SC, Gupta V, Lee B, Haynes PA, Baharvand H, Salekdeh GH. Discovery of Novel Cell Surface Markers for Purification of Embryonic Dopamine Progenitors for Transplantation in Parkinson's Disease Animal Models. Mol Cell Proteomics 2018; 17:1670-1684. [PMID: 29848781 PMCID: PMC6126395 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra118.000809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Revised: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the progress in safety and efficacy of cell replacement therapy with pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), the presence of residual undifferentiated stem cells or proliferating neural progenitor cells with rostral identity remains a major challenge. Here we report the generation of a LIM homeobox transcription factor 1 alpha (LMX1A) knock-in GFP reporter human embryonic stem cell (hESC) line that marks the early dopaminergic progenitors during neural differentiation to find reliable membrane protein markers for isolation of midbrain dopaminergic neurons. Purified GFP positive cells in vitro exhibited expression of mRNA and proteins that characterized and matched the midbrain dopaminergic identity. Further quantitative proteomics analysis of enriched LMX1A+ cells identified several membrane-associated proteins including a polysialylated embryonic form of neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM) and contactin 2 (CNTN2), enabling prospective isolation of LMX1A+ progenitor cells. Transplantation of human-PSC-derived purified CNTN2+ progenitors enhanced dopamine release from transplanted cells in the host brain and alleviated Parkinson's disease-related phenotypes in animal models. This study establishes an efficient approach for purification of large numbers of human-PSC-derived dopaminergic progenitors for therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Fathi
- From the ‡Department of Molecular Systems Biology
- ¶Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran
- ‖Waisman Center
| | - Mehdi Mirzaei
- ‡‡Department of Molecular Sciences
- §§Australian Proteome Analysis Facility
- ¶¶Department of Clinical Medicine, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Banafsheh Dolatyar
- ¶Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mahnaz Bayat
- ‖‖Center for Regenerative Medicine, Gachon University Medical School, Incheon, Korea
| | - Ebrahim Shahbazi
- From the ‡Department of Molecular Systems Biology
- ¶Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jaesuk Lee
- ‖‖Center for Regenerative Medicine, Gachon University Medical School, Incheon, Korea
| | - Mohammad Javan
- §Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- ***Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Su-Chun Zhang
- ‖Waisman Center
- **Departments of Neuroscience and Neurology, University of Wisconsin, 1500 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705
| | - Vivek Gupta
- ¶¶Department of Clinical Medicine, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Bonghee Lee
- ‖‖Center for Regenerative Medicine, Gachon University Medical School, Incheon, Korea
| | | | - Hossein Baharvand
- ¶Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran;
- §Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghasem Hosseini Salekdeh
- From the ‡Department of Molecular Systems Biology,
- ‡‡Department of Molecular Sciences
- ‡‡‡Department of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran
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Fujinaka CM, Waas M, Gundry RL. Mass Spectrometry-Based Identification of Extracellular Domains of Cell Surface N-Glycoproteins: Defining the Accessible Surfaceome for Immunophenotyping Stem Cells and Their Derivatives. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1722:57-78. [PMID: 29264798 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7553-2_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Human stem cells and their progeny are valuable for a variety of research applications and have the potential to revolutionize approaches to regenerative medicine. However, we currently have limited tools to permit live isolation of homogeneous populations of cells apt for mechanistic studies or cellular therapies. While these challenges can be overcome through the use of immunophenotyping based on accessible cell surface markers, the success of this process depends on the availability of reliable antibodies and well-characterized markers, which are lacking for most stem cell lineages. This chapter outlines an iterative process for the development of new cell surface marker barcodes for identifying and selecting stem cell derived progeny of specific cell types, subtypes, and maturation stages, where antibody-independent identification of cell surface proteins is achieved using a modern chemoproteomic approach to specifically identify N-glycoproteins localized to the cell surface. By taking advantage of a large repository of available cell surfaceome data, proteins that are unlikely to confer cell type specificity can be rapidly eliminated from consideration. Subsequently, targeted quantitation by mass spectrometry can be used to refine candidates of interest, and a bioinformatic visualization tool is key to mapping experimental data to candidate protein sequences for the purpose of epitope selection during the antibody development phase. Overall, the process of developing cell surface barcodes for immunophenotyping is iterative and can include multiple rounds of discovery, refinement, and validation depending on the phenotypic resolution required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea M Fujinaka
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Matthew Waas
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Rebekah L Gundry
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
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27
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Takahashi J. Stem cells and regenerative medicine for neural repair. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2018; 52:102-108. [PMID: 29621691 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Clinical trials of cell-based therapies that use pluripotent stem cells (PSC) have already started for several neurological diseases including spinal cord injury and age-related macular degeneration. Regarding future PSC-based clinical trials for other neurological diseases, these trials have been instrumental at recognizing first, the difference between research cell lines and clinical cell lines of a stem cell product, second, the selection of an appropriate animal model for pre-clinical study, third, criteria and the quality control of donor cells, and fourth, the mode of action of the grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Takahashi
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin-kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
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28
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Using intracellular markers to identify a novel set of surface markers for live cell purification from a heterogeneous hIPSC culture. Sci Rep 2018; 8:804. [PMID: 29339826 PMCID: PMC5770419 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19291-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can provide sources for midbrain dopaminergic (mDA) neural progenitors (NPCs) for cell therapy to treat Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. However, the well-known line-to-cell line variability in the differentiation capacity of individual cell lines needs to be improved for the success of this therapy. To address this issue, we sought to identify mDA NPC specific cell surface markers for fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS). Through RNA isolation after sorting for NPCs based on staining for cell-specific transcription factors followed by microarray, we identified two positive cell surface markers (CORIN and CD166) and one negative cell surface marker (CXCR4) for mDA NPC sorting. These three markers can enrich floor plate NPCs to 90% purity, and the sorted NPCs more efficiently differentiate to mature dopaminergic neurons compared to unsorted or CORIN+ alone mDA NPCs. This surface marker identification strategy can be used broadly to facilitate isolation of cell subtypes of interest from heterogeneous cultures.
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29
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IAP-Based Cell Sorting Results in Homogeneous Transplantable Dopaminergic Precursor Cells Derived from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 9:1207-1220. [PMID: 28943253 PMCID: PMC5639383 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2015] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived mesencephalic dopaminergic (mesDA) neurons can relieve motor deficits in animal models of Parkinson's disease (PD). Clinical translation of differentiation protocols requires standardization of production procedures, and surface-marker-based cell sorting is considered instrumental for reproducible generation of defined cell products. Here, we demonstrate that integrin-associated protein (IAP) is a cell surface marker suitable for enrichment of hPSC-derived mesDA progenitor cells. Immunomagnetically sorted IAP+ mesDA progenitors showed increased expression of ventral midbrain floor plate markers, lacked expression of pluripotency markers, and differentiated into mature dopaminergic (DA) neurons in vitro. Intrastriatal transplantation of IAP+ cells sorted at day 16 of differentiation in a rat model of PD resulted in functional recovery. Grafts from sorted IAP+ mesDA progenitors were more homogeneous in size and DA neuron density. Thus, we suggest IAP-based sorting for reproducible prospective enrichment of mesDA progenitor cells in clinical cell replacement strategies. Flow cytometric antibody screening identified IAP as a marker for mesDA progenitors IAP+ cells displayed hallmark characteristics of ventral floor plate cells Immunomagnetic IAP sorting led to reproducible and homogeneous cell compositions IAP+ cells generated mature grafts leading to functional recovery in lesioned rats
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30
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Niclis JC, Gantner CW, Hunt CPJ, Kauhausen JA, Durnall JC, Haynes JM, Pouton CW, Parish CL, Thompson LH. A PITX3-EGFP Reporter Line Reveals Connectivity of Dopamine and Non-dopamine Neuronal Subtypes in Grafts Generated from Human Embryonic Stem Cells. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 9:868-882. [PMID: 28867345 PMCID: PMC5599268 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of safe and effective stem cell-based therapies for brain repair requires an in-depth understanding of the in vivo properties of neural grafts generated from human stem cells. Replacing dopamine neurons in Parkinson's disease remains one of the most anticipated applications. Here, we have used a human PITX3-EGFP embryonic stem cell line to characterize the connectivity of stem cell-derived midbrain dopamine neurons in the dopamine-depleted host brain with an unprecedented level of specificity. The results show that the major A9 and A10 subclasses of implanted dopamine neurons innervate multiple, developmentally appropriate host targets but also that the majority of graft-derived connectivity is non-dopaminergic. These findings highlight the promise of stem cell-based procedures for anatomically correct reconstruction of specific neuronal pathways but also emphasize the scope for further refinement in order to limit the inclusion of uncharacterized and potentially unwanted cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan C Niclis
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Carlos W Gantner
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Cameron P J Hunt
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Jessica A Kauhausen
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Jennifer C Durnall
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - John M Haynes
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Colin W Pouton
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Clare L Parish
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - Lachlan H Thompson
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
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31
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Homophilic binding of the neural cell adhesion molecule CHL1 regulates development of ventral midbrain dopaminergic pathways. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9368. [PMID: 28839197 PMCID: PMC5570898 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09599-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal development of ventral midbrain (VM) dopaminergic (DA) pathways, essential for motor and cognitive function, may underpin a number of neurological disorders and thereby highlight the importance of understanding the birth and connectivity of the associated neurons. While a number of regulators of VM DA neurogenesis are known, processes involved in later developmental events, including terminal differentiation and axon morphogenesis, are less well understood. Recent transcriptional analysis studies of the developing VM identified genes expressed during these stages, including the cell adhesion molecule with homology to L1 (Chl1). Here, we map the temporal and spatial expression of CHL1 and assess functional roles of substrate-bound and soluble-forms of the protein during VM DA development. Results showed early CHL1 in the VM, corresponding with roles in DA progenitor migration and differentiation. Subsequently, we demonstrated roles for CHL1 in both axonal extension and repulsion, selectively of DA neurons, suggestive of a role in guidance towards forebrain targets and away from hindbrain nuclei. In part, CHL1 mediates these roles through homophilic CHL1-CHL1 interactions. Collectively, these findings enhance our knowledge of VM DA pathways development, and may provide new insights into understanding DA developmental conditions such as autism spectrum disorders.
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Adil MM, Vazin T, Ananthanarayanan B, Rodrigues GMC, Rao AT, Kulkarni RU, Miller EW, Kumar S, Schaffer DV. Engineered hydrogels increase the post-transplantation survival of encapsulated hESC-derived midbrain dopaminergic neurons. Biomaterials 2017; 136:1-11. [PMID: 28505596 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Cell replacement therapies have broad biomedical potential; however, low cell survival and poor functional integration post-transplantation are major hurdles that hamper clinical benefit. For example, following striatal transplantation of midbrain dopaminergic (mDA) neurons for the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD), only 1-5% of the neurons typically survive in preclinical models and in clinical trials. In general, resource-intensive generation and implantation of larger numbers of cells are used to compensate for the low post-transplantation cell-survival. Poor graft survival is often attributed to adverse biochemical, mechanical, and/or immunological stress that cells experience during and after implantation. To address these challenges, we developed a functionalized hyaluronic acid (HA)-based hydrogel for in vitro maturation and central nervous system (CNS) transplantation of human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived neural progenitors. Specifically, we functionalized the HA hydrogel with RGD and heparin (hep) via click-chemistry and tailored its stiffness to encourage neuronal maturation, survival, and long-term maintenance of the desired mDA phenotype. Importantly, ∼5 times more hydrogel-encapsulated mDA neurons survived after transplantation in the rat striatum, compared to unencapsulated neurons harvested from commonly used 2D surfaces. This engineered biomaterial may therefore increase the therapeutic potential and reduce the manufacturing burden for successful neuronal implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maroof M Adil
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Tandis Vazin
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - Gonçalo M C Rodrigues
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA; Department of Bioengineering and Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Antara T Rao
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - Evan W Miller
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - David V Schaffer
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA; Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA; The Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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Natalwala A, Kunath T. Preparation, characterization, and banking of clinical-grade cells for neural transplantation: Scale up, fingerprinting, and genomic stability of stem cell lines. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2017; 230:133-150. [PMID: 28552226 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2017.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a complex and progressive neurodegenerative condition that is characterized by the severe loss of midbrain dopaminergic (mDA) neurons, which innervate the striatum. Cell transplantation therapies to rebuild this dopaminergic network have been attempted for over 30 years. The most promising outcomes were observed when human fetal mesencephalic tissue was used as the source of cells for transplantation. However, reliance on terminations for a Parkinson's therapy presents significant logistical and ethical hurdles. An alternative source of transplantable mDA neurons is urgently needed, and the solution may come from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Protocols to differentiate hESCs/iPSCs toward mDA neurons are now robust and efficient, and upon grafting the cells rescue preclinical animal models of Parkinson's disease. The challenge now is to apply Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) to the academic discoveries and protocols to produce clinical-grade transplantable mDA cells. Major technical and logistical considerations include (i) source of hESC or iPSC line, (ii) GMP compliance of the differentiation protocol and all reagents, (iii) characterization of the cell product in terms of identity, safety, and efficacy, (iv) characterization of genomic state and stability, and (v) banking of a transplantation-ready cell product. Approaches and solutions to these challenges are reviewed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammar Natalwala
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell Research, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Translational Neurosurgery Group, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Tilo Kunath
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell Research, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
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Adil MM, Rodrigues GMC, Kulkarni RU, Rao AT, Chernavsky NE, Miller EW, Schaffer DV. Efficient generation of hPSC-derived midbrain dopaminergic neurons in a fully defined, scalable, 3D biomaterial platform. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40573. [PMID: 28091566 PMCID: PMC5238378 DOI: 10.1038/srep40573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) have major potential as an unlimited source of functional cells for many biomedical applications; however, the development of cell manufacturing systems to enable this promise faces many challenges. For example, there have been major recent advances in the generation of midbrain dopaminergic (mDA) neurons from stem cells for Parkinson's Disease (PD) therapy; however, production of these cells typically involves undefined components and difficult to scale 2D culture formats. Here, we used a fully defined, 3D, thermoresponsive biomaterial platform to rapidly generate large numbers of action-potential firing mDA neurons after 25 days of differentiation (~40% tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) positive, maturing into 25% cells exhibiting mDA neuron-like spiking behavior). Importantly, mDA neurons generated in 3D exhibited a 30-fold increase in viability upon implantation into rat striatum compared to neurons generated on 2D, consistent with the elevated expression of survival markers FOXA2 and EN1 in 3D. A defined, scalable, and resource-efficient cell culture platform can thus rapidly generate high quality differentiated cells, both neurons and potentially other cell types, with strong potential to accelerate both basic and translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maroof M. Adil
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Gonçalo M. C. Rodrigues
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - Antara T. Rao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Nicole E. Chernavsky
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Evan W. Miller
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - David V. Schaffer
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
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Studer L. Strategies for bringing stem cell-derived dopamine neurons to the clinic—The NYSTEM trial. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2017; 230:191-212. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2017.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Di Santo S, Seiler S, Ducray AD, Meyer M, Widmer HR. A Subpopulation of Dopaminergic Neurons Coexpresses Serotonin in Ventral Mesencephalic Cultures But Not After Intrastriatal Transplantation in a Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease. Cell Transplant 2016; 26:679-691. [PMID: 27938488 DOI: 10.3727/096368916x693707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell replacement therapy is a promising avenue into the investigation and treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD), and in some cases, significant long-term motor improvements have been demonstrated. The main source of donor tissue is the human fetal ventral mesencephalon (FVM), which consists of a mixed neuronal population, and its heterogeneity likely contributes to the inconsistent outcome observed in clinical trials. Therefore, detailed knowledge about the neuronal subpopulations in the VM seems essential for successful cell transplantation. Interestingly, it has been reported that some tyrosine hydroxylase-positive (TH+) neurons in the VM of adult rats and in cultured midbrain-derived neuroblasts coexpress additional neurotransmitters. Thus, the present study investigated, by means of colocalization analyses, the possible expression of GABA or serotonin in TH+ neurons. For that purpose, both fetal rat and human dissociated, organotypic and neurosphere FVM cultures as well as an animal model of PD were investigated. In dissociated rat FVM cultures, approximately 30% of the TH+ neurons coexpressed serotonin, while no colocalization with GABA was observed. Interestingly, coexpression of TH and serotonin was found to be dependent on the time in culture, the plating density, and the exposure to neurotrophic factors, that is, higher cell densities and treatment with brain-derived neurotrophic factor resulted in a significantly reduced coexpression rate. Notably, even though approximately 30% of the dopaminergic neurons in the donor tissue coexpressed serotonin, no colocalization could be detected in grafts 1 month after intrastriatal transplantation into hemiparkinsonian rats. In conclusion, a significant and susceptible subpopulation of dopaminergic neurons in FVM tissues coexpresses serotonin. This might have potential implications for the future selection and handling of cells prior to transplantation in PD.
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Samata B, Doi D, Nishimura K, Kikuchi T, Watanabe A, Sakamoto Y, Kakuta J, Ono Y, Takahashi J. Purification of functional human ES and iPSC-derived midbrain dopaminergic progenitors using LRTM1. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13097. [PMID: 27739432 PMCID: PMC5067526 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can provide a promising source of midbrain dopaminergic (mDA) neurons for cell replacement therapy for Parkinson's disease (PD). However, iPSC-derived donor cells inevitably contain tumorigenic or inappropriate cells. To eliminate these unwanted cells, cell sorting using antibodies for specific markers such as CORIN or ALCAM has been developed, but neither marker is specific for ventral midbrain. Here we employ a double selection strategy for cells expressing both CORIN and LMX1A::GFP, and report a cell surface marker to enrich mDA progenitors, LRTM1. When transplanted into 6-OHDA-lesioned rats, human iPSC-derived LRTM1+ cells survive and differentiate into mDA neurons in vivo, resulting in a significant improvement in motor behaviour without tumour formation. In addition, there was marked survival of mDA neurons following transplantation of LRTM1+ cells into the brain of an MPTP-treated monkey. Thus, LRTM1 may provide a tool for efficient and safe cell therapy for PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bumpei Samata
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Daisuke Doi
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Kaneyasu Nishimura
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Tetsuhiro Kikuchi
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Akira Watanabe
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Sakamoto
- Group for Antibody Engineering, KAN Research Institute Inc, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Jungo Kakuta
- Group for Seed Biologics, KAN Research Institute Inc., Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Yuichi Ono
- Group for Neuronal Differentiation and Development, KAN Research Institute Inc., Kobe 650-0047, Japan.,Group for Regenerative Medicine, KAN Research Institute Inc., Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Jun Takahashi
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto University School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
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Niclis JC, Gantner CW, Alsanie WF, McDougall SJ, Bye CR, Elefanty AG, Stanley EG, Haynes JM, Pouton CW, Thompson LH, Parish CL. Efficiently Specified Ventral Midbrain Dopamine Neurons from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells Under Xeno-Free Conditions Restore Motor Deficits in Parkinsonian Rodents. Stem Cells Transl Med 2016; 6:937-948. [PMID: 28297587 PMCID: PMC5442782 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2016-0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown evidence for the functional integration of human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)‐derived ventral midbrain dopamine (vmDA) neurons in animal models of Parkinson’s disease. Although these cells present a sustainable alternative to fetal mesencephalic grafts, a number of hurdles require attention prior to clinical translation. These include the persistent use of xenogeneic reagents and challenges associated with scalability and storage of differentiated cells. In this study, we describe the first fully defined feeder‐ and xenogeneic‐free protocol for the generation of vmDA neurons from hPSCs and utilize two novel reporter knock‐in lines (LMX1A‐eGFP and PITX3‐eGFP) for in‐depth in vitro and in vivo tracking. Across multiple embryonic and induced hPSC lines, this “next generation” protocol consistently increases both the yield and proportion of vmDA neural progenitors (OTX2/FOXA2/LMX1A) and neurons (FOXA2/TH/PITX3) that display classical vmDA metabolic and electrophysiological properties. We identify the mechanism underlying these improvements and demonstrate clinical applicability with the first report of scalability and cryopreservation of bona fide vmDA progenitors at a time amenable to transplantation. Finally, transplantation of xeno‐free vmDA progenitors from LMX1A‐ and PITX3‐eGFP reporter lines into Parkinsonian rodents demonstrates improved engraftment outcomes and restoration of motor deficits. These findings provide important and necessary advancements for the translation of hPSC‐derived neurons into the clinic. Stem Cells Translational Medicine2017;6:937–948
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan C. Niclis
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Carlos W. Gantner
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Walaa F. Alsanie
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stuart J. McDougall
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chris R. Bye
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew G. Elefanty
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Edouard G. Stanley
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - John M. Haynes
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Colin W. Pouton
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lachlan H. Thompson
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Clare L. Parish
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Gennet N, Tamburini C, Nan X, Li M. FolR1: a novel cell surface marker for isolating midbrain dopamine neural progenitors and nascent dopamine neurons. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32488. [PMID: 27580818 PMCID: PMC5007511 DOI: 10.1038/srep32488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell type-specific surface markers offer a powerful tool for purifying defined cell types for restorative therapies and drug screenings. Midbrain dopaminergic neurons (mesDA) are the nerve cells preferentially lost in the brains of Parkinson's disease patients. Clinical trials of transplantation of fetal neural precursors suggest that cell therapy may offer a cure for this devastating neurological disease. Many lines of preclinical studies demonstrate that neural progenitors committed to dopaminergic fate survive and integrate better than postmitotic DA neurons. We show that the folate-receptor 1 (FolR1), a GPI-anchored cell surface molecule, specifically marks mesDA neural progenitors and immature mesDA neurons. FolR1 expression superimposes with Lmx1a, a bona-fide mesDA lineage marker, during the active phase of mesDA neurogenesis from E9.5 to E14.5 during mouse development, as well as in ESC-derived mesDA lineage. FolR1(+) neural progenitors can be isolated by FACS or magnetic sorting (MAC) which give rise to dopamine neurons expressing TH and Pitx3, whilst FolR1 negative cells generate non-dopaminergic neurons and glia cells. This study identifies FolR1 as a new cell surface marker selectively expressed in mesDA progenitors in vivo and in vitro and that can be used to enrich in vitro differentiated TH neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Gennet
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, School of Medicine and school of Bioscience, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24, 4HQ, UK
| | - Claudia Tamburini
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, School of Medicine and school of Bioscience, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24, 4HQ, UK
| | - Xinsheng Nan
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, School of Medicine and school of Bioscience, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24, 4HQ, UK
| | - Meng Li
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, School of Medicine and school of Bioscience, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24, 4HQ, UK
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Boheler KR, Gundry RL. Concise Review: Cell Surface N-Linked Glycoproteins as Potential Stem Cell Markers and Drug Targets. Stem Cells Transl Med 2016; 6:131-138. [PMID: 28170199 PMCID: PMC5442750 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2016-0109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells and their derivatives hold great promise to advance regenerative medicine. Critical to the progression of this field is the identification and utilization of antibody‐accessible cell‐surface proteins for immunophenotyping and cell sorting—techniques essential for assessment and isolation of defined cell populations with known functional and therapeutic properties. Beyond their utility for cell identification and selection, cell‐surface proteins are also major targets for pharmacological intervention. Although comprehensive cell‐surface protein maps are highly valuable, they have been difficult to define until recently. In this review, we discuss the application of a contemporary targeted chemoproteomic‐based technique for defining the cell‐surface proteomes of stem and progenitor cells. In applying this approach to pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), these studies have improved the biological understanding of these cells, led to the enhanced use and development of antibodies suitable for immunophenotyping and sorting, and contributed to the repurposing of existing drugs without the need for high‐throughput screening. The utility of this latter approach was first demonstrated with human PSCs (hPSCs) through the identification of small molecules that are selectively toxic to hPSCs and have the potential for eliminating confounding and tumorigenic cells in hPSC‐derived progeny destined for research and transplantation. Overall, the cutting‐edge technologies reviewed here will accelerate the development of novel cell‐surface protein targets for immunophenotyping, new reagents to improve the isolation of therapeutically qualified cells, and pharmacological studies to advance the treatment of intractable diseases amenable to cell‐replacement therapies. Stem Cells Translational Medicine2017;6:131–138
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth R. Boheler
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Consortium, School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Rebekah L. Gundry
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
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Lindvall O. Treatment of Parkinson's disease using cell transplantation. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2016; 370:20140370. [PMID: 26416681 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2014.0370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical trials with intrastriatal transplantation of human fetal mesencephalic tissue, rich in dopaminergic neurons, in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients show that cell replacement can work and in some cases induce major, long-lasting improvement. However, owing to poor tissue availability, this approach can only be applied in very few patients, and standardization is difficult, leading to wide variation in functional outcome. Stem cells and reprogrammed cells could potentially be used to produce dopaminergic neurons for transplantation. Importantly, dopaminergic neurons of the correct substantia nigra phenotype can now be generated from human embryonic stem cells in large numbers and standardized preparations, and will soon be ready for application in patients. Also, human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived dopaminergic neurons are being considered for clinical translation. Available data justify moving forward in a responsible way with these dopaminergic neurons, which should be tested, using optimal patient selection, cell preparation and transplantation procedures, in controlled clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olle Lindvall
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Restorative Neurology, Lund Stem Cell Center, University Hospital, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
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Sorting the wheat from the chaff in dopamine neuron-based cell therapies. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:4512-3. [PMID: 25848026 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1503859112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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