1
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Redondo PC, Lopez JJ, Alvarado S, Jardin I, Nieto-Felipe J, Macias-Diaz A, Jimenez-Velarde V, Salido GM, Rosado JA. Extended Synaptotagmins 1 and 2 Are Required for Store-Operated Calcium Entry, Cell Migration and Viability in Breast Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2518. [PMID: 39061158 PMCID: PMC11274662 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16142518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Extended synaptotagmins (E-Syts) are endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated proteins that facilitate the tethering of the ER to the plasma membrane (PM), participating in lipid transfer between the membranes and supporting the Orai1-STIM1 interaction at ER-PM junctions. Orai1 and STIM1 are the core proteins of store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE), a major mechanism for Ca2+ influx that regulates a variety of cellular functions. Aberrant modulation of SOCE in cells from different types of cancer has been reported to underlie the development of several tumoral features. Here we show that estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer MCF7 and T47D cells and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) MDA-MB-231 cells overexpress E-Syt1 and E-Syt2 at the protein level; the latter is also overexpressed in the TNBC BT20 cell line. E-Syt1 and E-Syt2 knockdown was without effect on SOCE in non-tumoral MCF10A breast epithelial cells and ER+ T47D breast cancer cells; however, SOCE was significantly attenuated in ER+ MCF7 cells and TNBC MDA-MB-231 and BT20 cells upon transfection with siRNA E-Syt1 or E-Syt2. Consistent with this, E-Syt1 and E-Syt2 knockdown significantly reduced cell migration and viability in ER+ MCF7 cells and the TNBC cells investigated. To summarize, E-Syt1 and E-Syt2 play a relevant functional role in breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Juan A. Rosado
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain; (J.J.L.); (S.A.); (I.J.); (J.N.-F.); (A.M.-D.); (V.J.-V.); (G.M.S.)
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2
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Macias‐Diaz A, Lopez JJ, Bravo M, Jardín I, Garcia‐Jimenez WL, Blanco‐Blanco FJ, Cerrato R, Rosado JA. Postbiotics of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei CECT 9610 and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum CECT 9608 attenuates store-operated calcium entry and FAK phosphorylation in colorectal cancer cells. Mol Oncol 2024; 18:1123-1142. [PMID: 38514909 PMCID: PMC11076996 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) is a major mechanism for Ca2+ influx in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. This mechanism, regulated by the filling state of the intracellular Ca2+ stores, is mediated by the endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ sensors of the stromal interaction molecules (STIM) family [stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) and STIM2] and the Ca2+-release-activated Ca2+ channels constituted by Orai family members, with predominance of calcium release-activated calcium channel protein 1 (Orai1). CRC cells exhibit enhanced SOCE due to remodeling of the expression of the key SOCE molecular components. The enhanced SOCE supports a variety of cancer hallmarks. Here, we show that treatment of the colorectal adenocarcinoma cell lines HT-29 and Caco-2 with inanimate Lacticaseibacillus paracasei (CECT9610) and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (CECT9608) attenuates SOCE, although no detectable effect is seen on SOCE in normal colon mucosa cells. The effect of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum postbiotics was mediated by downregulation of Orai1 and STIM1, while the expression levels of Orai3 and STIM2 remained unaltered. Treatment of HT-29 and Caco-2 cells with inanimate Lacticaseibacillus paracasei and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum impairs in vitro migration by a mechanism likely involving attenuation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) tyrosine phosphorylation. Cell treatment with the Orai1 inhibitor synta-66 attenuates SOCE and prevents any further effect of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum postbiotics. Together, our results indicate for the first time that Lacticaseibacillus paracasei and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum postbiotics selectively exert negative effects on Ca2+ influx through SOCE in colorectal adenocarcinoma cell lines, providing evidence for an attractive strategy against CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Macias‐Diaz
- Department of Physiology (Cellular Physiology Research Group), Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers (IMPB)Universidad de ExtremaduraCáceresSpain
| | - Jose J. Lopez
- Department of Physiology (Cellular Physiology Research Group), Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers (IMPB)Universidad de ExtremaduraCáceresSpain
| | - Maria Bravo
- Innovación en Gestión y Conservación de Ungulados S.LCáceresSpain
| | - Isaac Jardín
- Department of Physiology (Cellular Physiology Research Group), Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers (IMPB)Universidad de ExtremaduraCáceresSpain
| | | | | | - Rosario Cerrato
- Innovación en Gestión y Conservación de Ungulados S.LCáceresSpain
| | - Juan A. Rosado
- Department of Physiology (Cellular Physiology Research Group), Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers (IMPB)Universidad de ExtremaduraCáceresSpain
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3
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Wu Y, Teh YC, Chong SZ. Going Full TeRM: The Seminal Role of Tissue-Resident Macrophages in Organ Remodeling during Pregnancy and Lactation. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 212:513-521. [PMID: 38315948 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
During pregnancy and lactation, the uterus and mammary glands undergo remarkable structural changes to perform their critical reproductive functions before reverting to their original dormant state upon childbirth and weaning, respectively. Underlying this incredible plasticity are complex remodeling processes that rely on coordinated decisions at both the cellular and tissue-subunit levels. With their exceptional versatility, tissue-resident macrophages play a variety of supporting roles in these organs during each stage of development, ranging from maintaining immune homeostasis to facilitating tissue remodeling, although much remains to be discovered about the identity and regulation of individual macrophage subsets. In this study, we review the increasingly appreciated contributions of these immune cells to the reproductive process and speculate on future lines of inquiry. Deepening our understanding of their interactions with the parenchymal or stromal populations in their respective niches may reveal new strategies to ameliorate complications in pregnancy and breastfeeding, thereby improving maternal health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Wu
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Ye Chean Teh
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Shu Zhen Chong
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
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4
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Nakashima K, Kato H, Kurata R, Qianwen L, Hayakawa T, Okada F, Fujita F, Nakagawa Y, Tanemura A, Murota H, Katayama I, Sekiguchi K. Gap junction-mediated contraction of myoepithelial cells induces the peristaltic transport of sweat in human eccrine glands. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1175. [PMID: 37980435 PMCID: PMC10657463 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05557-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Eccrine sweat glands play an essential role in regulating body temperature. Sweat is produced in the coiled secretory portion of the gland, which is surrounded by obliquely aligned myoepithelial cells; the sweat is then peristaltically transported to the skin surface. Myoepithelial cells are contractile and have been implicated in sweat transport, but how myoepithelial cells contract and transport sweat remains unexplored. Here, we perform ex vivo live imaging of an isolated human eccrine gland and demonstrate that cholinergic stimulation induces dynamic contractile motion of the coiled secretory duct that is driven by gap junction-mediated contraction of myoepithelial cells. The contraction of the secretory duct occurs segmentally, and it is most prominent in the region surrounded by nerve fibers, followed by distension-contraction sequences of the excretory duct. Overall, our ex vivo live imaging approach provides evidence of the contractile function of myoepithelial cells in peristaltic sweat secretion from human eccrine glands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kie Nakashima
- Laboratory of Advanced Cosmetic Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroko Kato
- Laboratory of Advanced Cosmetic Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryuichiro Kurata
- Laboratory of Advanced Cosmetic Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Luo Qianwen
- Laboratory of Advanced Cosmetic Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Hayakawa
- Laboratory of Advanced Cosmetic Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Okada
- Fundamental Research Institute, Mandom Corporation, Osaka, Japan
| | - Fumitaka Fujita
- Laboratory of Advanced Cosmetic Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
- Fundamental Research Institute, Mandom Corporation, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Yukinobu Nakagawa
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tanemura
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Murota
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Ichiro Katayama
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kiyotoshi Sekiguchi
- Division of Matrixome Research and Application, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
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5
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Jardin I, Alvarado S, Jimenez-Velarde V, Nieto-Felipe J, Lopez JJ, Salido GM, Smani T, Rosado JA. Orai1α and Orai1β support calcium entry and mammosphere formation in breast cancer stem cells. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19471. [PMID: 37945647 PMCID: PMC10636192 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46946-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Orai1 is the pore-forming subunit of the Ca2+-release activated Ca2+ channels that mediate store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) in excitable and non-excitable cells. Two Orai1 forms have been identified in mammalian cells, the full-length variant Orai1α, and the short form Orai1β, lacking the N-terminal 63 amino acids. Stem cells were isolated from non-tumoral breast epithelial cells of the MCF10A cell line, and the most representative ER+ , HER2 or triple negative breast cancer cell lines MCF7, SKBR3 and MDA-MB-231, respectively. Orai and TRPC family members expression was detected by RT-PCR and Western blotting. Changes in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration were analyzed by confocal microscopy using Fluo 4 and the spheroid-forming ability and self-renewal was estimated in culture plates coated with pHEMA using a cell imaging system. Here, we have characterized the expression of Orai family members and several TRPC channels at the transcript level in breast stem cells (BSC) derived from the non-tumoral breast epithelial cell line MCF10A and breast cancer stem cells (BCSC) derived from the well-known estrogen receptor positive (ER+), HER2 and triple negative cell lines MCF7, SKBR3 and MDA-MB-231, respectively. Furthermore, we have evaluated the mammosphere formation efficiency and self-renewal of the BSC and BCSC. Next, through a combination of Orai1 knockdown by iRNA and the use of MDA-MB-231 KO cells, missing the native Orai1, transfected with plasmids encoding for either Orai1α or Orai1β, we show that Orai1 is essential for mammosphere formation and self-renewal efficiency in BCSC derived from triple negative and HER2 subtypes cell cultures, while this channel has a negligible effect in BCSC derived from ER+ cells as well as in non-tumoral BSC. Both, Orai1α, and Orai1β support SOCE in MDA-MB-231-derived BCSC with similar efficiency, as well as COX activation and mammosphere formation. These findings provide evidence of the functional role of Orai1α and Orai1β in spheroid forming efficiency and self-renewal in breast cancer stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Jardin
- Department of Physiology (Cellular Physiology Research Group), Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers (IMPB), Universidad de Extremadura, 10003, Caceres, Spain.
| | - Sandra Alvarado
- Department of Physiology (Cellular Physiology Research Group), Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers (IMPB), Universidad de Extremadura, 10003, Caceres, Spain
| | - Vanesa Jimenez-Velarde
- Department of Physiology (Cellular Physiology Research Group), Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers (IMPB), Universidad de Extremadura, 10003, Caceres, Spain
| | - Joel Nieto-Felipe
- Department of Physiology (Cellular Physiology Research Group), Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers (IMPB), Universidad de Extremadura, 10003, Caceres, Spain
| | - Jose J Lopez
- Department of Physiology (Cellular Physiology Research Group), Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers (IMPB), Universidad de Extremadura, 10003, Caceres, Spain
| | - Gines M Salido
- Department of Physiology (Cellular Physiology Research Group), Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers (IMPB), Universidad de Extremadura, 10003, Caceres, Spain
| | - Tarik Smani
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiologia Medica y Biofisica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Juan A Rosado
- Department of Physiology (Cellular Physiology Research Group), Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers (IMPB), Universidad de Extremadura, 10003, Caceres, Spain.
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6
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Kelleher SL. The ins and outs of mammary gland calcium and zinc transport: A brief review. JDS COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 4:240-244. [PMID: 37360130 PMCID: PMC10285217 DOI: 10.3168/jdsc.2022-0291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Milk is an excellent source of all macrominerals and trace elements, which are essential for proper function of a wide variety of vital processes. The concentrations of minerals in milk are influenced by numerous factors, including stage of lactation, time of day, nutritional and health status of the mother, as well as maternal genotype and environmental exposures. Additionally, tight regulation of mineral transport within the secretory mammary epithelial cell itself is critical for the production and secretion of milk. In this brief review, we focus on the current understanding of how the essential divalent cations calcium (Ca) and zinc (Zn) are transported in the mammary gland (MG) with a focus on molecular regulation and the consequence of genotype. A deeper grasp of mechanisms and factors affecting Ca and Zn transport in the MG is important to understanding milk production, mineral output, and MG health to inform intervention design and novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in production animals and humans.
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7
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Gieniec KA. Mammary gland architecture under the lens: How visualising tissues in 3D provides deeper insights into structure and function. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2022; 1869:119283. [PMID: 35523399 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2022.119283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Krystyna A Gieniec
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
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8
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Birla H, Xia J, Gao X, Zhao H, Wang F, Patel S, Amponsah A, Bekker A, Tao YX, Hu H. Toll-like receptor 4 activation enhances Orai1-mediated calcium signal promoting cytokine production in spinal astrocytes. Cell Calcium 2022; 105:102619. [PMID: 35780680 PMCID: PMC9928533 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2022.102619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) has been implicated in pathological conditions including chronic pain. Activation of astrocytic TLRs leads to the synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines like interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-ɑ (TNF-α), which can cause pathological inflammation and tissue damage in the central nervous system. However, the mechanisms of TLR4-mediated cytokine releases from astrocytes are incomplete understood. Our previous study has shown that Orai1, a key component of calcium release activated calcium channels (CRACs), mediates Ca2+ entry in astrocytes. How Orai1 contributes to TLR4 signaling remains unclear. Here we show that Orai1 deficiency drastically attenuated lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced TNF-α and IL-6 production in astrocytes. Acute LPS treatment did not induce Ca2+ response and had no effect on thapsigargin (Ca2+-ATPase inhibitor)-induced store-dependent Ca2+ entry. Inhibition or knockdown of Orai1 showed no reduction in LPS-induced p-ERK1/2, p-c-Jun N-terminal kinase, or p-p38 MAPK activation. Interestingly, Orai1 protein level was significantly increased after LPS exposure, which was blocked by inhibition of NF-κB activity. LPS significantly increased basal Ca2+ level and SOCE after exposure to astrocytes. Moreover, elevating extracellular Ca2+ concentration increased cytosolic Ca2+ level, which was almost eliminated in Orai1 KO astrocytes. Our study reports novel findings that Orai1 acts as a Ca2+ leak channel regulating the basal Ca2+ level and enhancing cytokine production in astrocytes under the inflammatory condition. These findings highlight an important role of Orai1 in astrocytic TRL4 function and may suggest that Orai1 could be a potential therapeutic target for neuroinflammatory disorders including chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hareram Birla
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103
| | - Jingsheng Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103
| | - Xinghua Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103
| | - Hui Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103
| | - Fengying Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103
| | - Shivam Patel
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103
| | - Akwasi Amponsah
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103
| | - Alex Bekker
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103
| | - Yuan-Xiang Tao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103,Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103
| | - Huijuan Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA.
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9
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Abstract
Store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) is a ubiquitous Ca2+ signaling pathway that is evolutionarily conserved across eukaryotes. SOCE is triggered physiologically when the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ stores are emptied through activation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors. SOCE is mediated by the Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channels, which are highly Ca2+ selective. Upon store depletion, the ER Ca2+-sensing STIM proteins aggregate and gain extended conformations spanning the ER-plasma membrane junctional space to bind and activate Orai, the pore-forming proteins of hexameric CRAC channels. In recent years, studies on STIM and Orai tissue-specific knockout mice and gain- and loss-of-function mutations in humans have shed light on the physiological functions of SOCE in various tissues. Here, we describe recent findings on the composition of native CRAC channels and their physiological functions in immune, muscle, secretory, and neuronal systems to draw lessons from transgenic mice and human diseases caused by altered CRAC channel activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott M Emrich
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA;
| | - Ryan E Yoast
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA;
| | - Mohamed Trebak
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA;
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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10
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Bortolin A, Neto E, Lamghari M. Calcium Signalling in Breast Cancer Associated Bone Pain. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031902. [PMID: 35163823 PMCID: PMC8836937 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) is involved as a signalling mediator in a broad variety of physiological processes. Some of the fastest responses in human body like neuronal action potential firing, to the slowest gene transcriptional regulation processes are controlled by pathways involving calcium signalling. Under pathological conditions these mechanisms are also involved in tumoral cells reprogramming, resulting in the altered expression of genes associated with cell proliferation, metastatisation and homing to the secondary metastatic site. On the other hand, calcium exerts a central function in nociception, from cues sensing in distal neurons, to signal modulation and interpretation in the central nervous system leading, in pathological conditions, to hyperalgesia, allodynia and pain chronicization. It is well known the relationship between cancer and pain when tumoral metastatic cells settle in the bones, especially in late breast cancer stage, where they alter the bone micro-environment leading to bone lesions and resulting in pain refractory to the conventional analgesic therapies. The purpose of this review is to address the Ca2+ signalling mechanisms involved in cancer cell metastatisation as well as the function of the same signalling tools in pain regulation and transmission. Finally, the possible interactions between these two cells types cohabiting the same Ca2+ rich environment will be further explored attempting to highlight new possible therapeutical targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Bortolin
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 280, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (A.B.); (E.N.)
- INEB—Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 280, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- FEUP—Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Estrela Neto
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 280, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (A.B.); (E.N.)
- INEB—Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 280, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Meriem Lamghari
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 280, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (A.B.); (E.N.)
- INEB—Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 280, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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11
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Bassett JJ, Robitaille M, Peters AA, Bong AHL, Taing MW, Wood IA, Sadras F, Roberts-Thomson SJ, Monteith GR. ORAI1 regulates sustained cytosolic free calcium fluctuations during breast cancer cell apoptosis and apoptotic resistance via a STIM1 independent pathway. FASEB J 2021; 36:e22108. [PMID: 34939697 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002031rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Excessive rapid increases in cytosolic free Ca2+ have a clear association with the induction of cancer cell death. Whereas, characterizing the Ca2+ signaling events that occur during the progression of the apoptotic cascade over a period of hours or days, has not yet been possible. Now using genetically encoded Ca2+ indicators complemented with automated epifluorescence microscopy we have shown that staurosporine-induced apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells was associated with delayed development of cytosolic free Ca2+ fluctuations, which were then maintained for 24 h. These cytosolic free Ca2+ fluctuations were dependent on the Ca2+ channel ORAI1. Silencing of ORAI1, but not its canonical activators STIM1 and STIM2, promoted apoptosis in this model. The pathway for this regulation implicates a mechanism previously associated with the migration of cancer cells involving ORAI1, the chaperone protein SigmaR1, and Ca2+ -activated K+ channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Bassett
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mélanie Robitaille
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Amelia A Peters
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Alice H L Bong
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Meng-Wong Taing
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ian A Wood
- School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Francisco Sadras
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Gregory R Monteith
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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12
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Gárriz A, Aubry S, Wattiaux Q, Bair J, Mariano M, Hatzipetrou G, Bowman M, Morokuma J, Ortiz G, Hamrah P, Dartt DA, Zoukhri D. Role of the Phospholipase C Pathway and Calcium Mobilization in Oxytocin-Induced Contraction of Lacrimal Gland Myoepithelial Cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 62:25. [PMID: 34812841 PMCID: PMC8626846 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.62.14.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose We reported that oxytocin (OXT), added to freshly prepared lacrimal gland lobules, induced myoepithelial cell (MEC) contraction. In other systems, OXT activates phospholipase C (PLC) generating Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) which increases intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) causing contraction. The aim of the current study was to investigate the role of this pathway in OXT-induced contraction of MEC. Methods Tear volume was measured using the cotton thread method. Lacrimal gland MEC were isolated and propagated from α-smooth muscle actin (SMA)-green fluorescent protein (GFP) mice, in which MEC express GFP making them easily identifiable. RNA and protein samples were prepared for RT-PCR and Western blotting for G protein expression. Changes in [Ca2+]i were measured in Fura-2 loaded MEC using a ratio imaging system. MEC contraction was monitored in real time and changes in cell size were quantified using ImageJ software. Results OXT applied either topically to surgically exposed lacrimal glands or delivered subcutaneously resulted in increased tear volume. OXT stimulated lacrimal gland MEC contraction in a dose-dependent manner, with a maximum response at 10-7 M. MEC express the PLC coupling G proteins, Gαq and Gα11, and their activation by OXT resulted in a concentration-dependent increase in [Ca2+]i with a maximum response at 10-6 M. Furthermore, the activation of the IP3 receptor to increase [Ca2+]i is crucial for OXT-induced MEC contraction since blocking the IP3 receptor with 2-APB completely abrogated this response. Conclusions We conclude that OXT uses the PLC/Ca2+ pathway to stimulate MEC contraction and increase lacrimal gland secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Gárriz
- Department of Comprehensive Care, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Salome Aubry
- Department of Comprehensive Care, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Quentin Wattiaux
- Department of Comprehensive Care, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Jeffrey Bair
- Schepens Eye Research Institute/Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Michael Mariano
- Department of Comprehensive Care, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Georgios Hatzipetrou
- Department of Comprehensive Care, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Maytal Bowman
- Department of Comprehensive Care, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Junji Morokuma
- Department of Comprehensive Care, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Gustavo Ortiz
- Schepens Eye Research Institute/Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Pedram Hamrah
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Darlene A Dartt
- Schepens Eye Research Institute/Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Driss Zoukhri
- Department of Comprehensive Care, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
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13
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Connelly MK, Henschel SR, Kuehnl JM, Cheng AA, Nashold F, Hernandez LL. Physiological adaptations in early-lactation cows result in differential responses to calcium perturbation relative to nonlactating, nonpregnant cows. J Dairy Sci 2021; 105:904-920. [PMID: 34696912 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-20890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The peripartal cow experiences a rapid change in calcium metabolism at the onset of lactation. Research has focused on understanding how mammary-derived factors, such as serotonin (5HT) and parathyroid hormone like hormone (PTHLH), aid in coordinating these calcemic adaptations to lactation. Therefore, the aim of our study was to determine how induced subclinical hypocalcemia influences physiological responses, specifically the 5HT-PTHLH-Ca axis, in lactating and nonlactating dairy cows to elucidate the potential contribution of the mammary gland. Twelve nonlactating, nonpregnant (NL) multiparous Holstein cows and 12 early-lactation (EL) multiparous Holstein cows received either (1) a continuous 24-h intravenous solution of 0.9% NaCl or (2) 5% ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid (EGTA) solution in 0.9% NaCl (n = 6 EL, n = 6 NL per treatment) with the aim of maintaining blood ionized calcium (iCa) less than 1.0 mM. Mammary gland biopsies were taken immediately after and 48 h after termination of infusion. Blood was sampled hourly during infusion and 4, 8, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h after termination of infusion. Infusion of EGTA successfully decreased blood iCa concentrations. However, EL EGTA-infused cows required increased rates of EGTA infusion to maintain iCa below 1.0 mM. Circulating and mammary serotonin concentrations were increased in EL relative to NL cows, with no difference as a result of EGTA infusion. Mammary PTHLH expression was increased in EL cows, with highest expression observed in EL EGTA-infused cows. Collectively, these data demonstrate the robust adaptations EL cows have to maintain Ca homeostasis and the supporting roles 5HT and PTHLH may play.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Connelly
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706
| | - S R Henschel
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706
| | - J M Kuehnl
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706
| | - A A Cheng
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706
| | - F Nashold
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706
| | - L L Hernandez
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706.
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14
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Gieniec KA, Davis FM. Mammary basal cells: Stars of the show. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2021; 1869:119159. [PMID: 34653580 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.119159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Nearly all mammals rely on lactation to support their young and to ensure the continued survival of their species. Despite its importance, relatively little is known about how milk is produced and how it is ejected from the lumen of mammary alveoli and ducts. This review focuses on the latter. We discuss how a relatively small number of basal cells, wrapping around each alveolar unit, contract to forcibly expel milk from the alveolar lumen. We consider how individual basal cells coordinate their activity, the fate of these cells at the end of lactation and avenues for future deliberation and exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystyna A Gieniec
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Felicity M Davis
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; School of Pharmacy, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
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15
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Connelly MK, Cheng AA, Hernandez LL. Graduate Student Literature Review: Serotonin and calcium metabolism: A story unfolding. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:13008-13019. [PMID: 34531048 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-20610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The peripartum period is characterized by dynamic shifts in metabolic, mineral, and immune metabolism as the dairy cow adapts to the demands of lactation. Emphasis over the past decade has been placed on understanding the biology of the large shift in calcium metabolism in particular. Moreover, research has also focused on exploring the role of serotonin during the transition period and lactation and further unraveling its relationship with calcium. This review aimed to demonstrate the integration of calcium physiology during the peripartal period and throughout lactation. More specifically, we sought to discuss the knowledge gained in recent years on calcium metabolism, mammary calcium transport, serotonin metabolism, and the serotonin-calcium axis. Herein we also discuss the challenges and limitations of current research and where that leaves the present understanding of the serotonin-calcium axis as we seek to move forward and continue exploring this interesting relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Connelly
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706.
| | - A A Cheng
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706
| | - L L Hernandez
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706
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16
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Slepicka PF, Somasundara AVH, Dos Santos CO. The molecular basis of mammary gland development and epithelial differentiation. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 114:93-112. [PMID: 33082117 PMCID: PMC8052380 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Our understanding of the molecular events underpinning the development of mammalian organ systems has been increasing rapidly in recent years. With the advent of new and improved next-generation sequencing methods, we are now able to dig deeper than ever before into the genomic and epigenomic events that play critical roles in determining the fates of stem and progenitor cells during the development of an embryo into an adult. In this review, we detail and discuss the genes and pathways that are involved in mammary gland development, from embryogenesis, through maturation into an adult gland, to the role of pregnancy signals in directing the terminal maturation of the mammary gland into a milk producing organ that can nurture the offspring. We also provide an overview of the latest research in the single-cell genomics of mammary gland development, which may help us to understand the lineage commitment of mammary stem cells (MaSCs) into luminal or basal epithelial cells that constitute the mammary gland. Finally, we summarize the use of 3D organoid cultures as a model system to study the molecular events during mammary gland development. Our increased investigation of the molecular requirements for normal mammary gland development will advance the discovery of targets to predict breast cancer risk and the development of new breast cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Ferreira Slepicka
- Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | | | - Camila O Dos Santos
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1 Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA.
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17
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Connelly MK, Weaver SR, Kuehnl JM, Fricke HP, Klister M, Hernandez L. Elevated serotonin coordinates mammary metabolism in dairy cows. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14798. [PMID: 33835711 PMCID: PMC8034258 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Serotonin plays a diverse role in maternal and mammary metabolism. Recent research in the dairy cow has shown a relationship between serotonin and calcium, with increased serotonin concentrations improving calcium homeostasis in the peri‐partum dairy cow. Therefore, the objective was to elucidate how administration of 5‐hydroxy‐l‐tryptophan (5‐HTP), the immediate precursor to serotonin, altered serotonin and calcium metabolism in lactating dairy cows. Twelve mid‐late lactation multiparous cows were blocked by parity, production and days in milk and allocated to a daily intravenous infusion of (i) 1.5 mg/kg of 5‐HTP (n = 6) or (ii) saline (n = 6) for 3 consecutive days. Milk samples were collected daily. Blood samples were collected before and after each infusion with mammary biopsies and blood samples collected at 48, 56, and 72 h relative to termination of first infusion. Infusion of 5‐HTP increased (p = 0.001) circulating serotonin concentrations and decreased blood calcium via a transient hypocalcemia immediately after each infusion (p = 0.02). Treatment with 5‐HTP increased milk calcium concentrations (p = 0.02) and calcium release‐activated channel protein 1 (ORAI1) mRNA at 56 h and protein at 48 h relative to termination of first infusion (p = 0.008 and p = 0.09, respectively). Fifty‐six hours from termination of the first infusion mRNA of parathyroid hormone‐related protein and mammary serotonin content were increased relative to control (p = 0.03 and p = 0.05, respectively). These findings demonstrate the ability of 5‐HTP infusion to increase circulating serotonin concentrations and alter endocrine and mammary autocrine/paracrine calcium and serotonin metabolism in the lactating dairy cow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan K Connelly
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Samantha R Weaver
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jordan M Kuehnl
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Hannah P Fricke
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Marisa Klister
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Laura Hernandez
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
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18
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Rao R. Milk on the Moo've. Cell Calcium 2021; 94:102332. [PMID: 33454537 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2020.102332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The female mammal produces, stores and ejects milk from the mammary gland to nourish her offspring. Calcium plays a dual role, both as an essential nutrient in milk and in signal transduction. This perspective covers exciting new insights on calcium and cellular connectivity in this essential organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajini Rao
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, United States.
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19
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Stewart TA, Hughes K, Stevenson AJ, Marino N, Ju AL, Morehead M, Davis FM. Mammary mechanobiology - investigating roles for mechanically activated ion channels in lactation and involution. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:jcs248849. [PMID: 33262312 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.248849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of a mother to produce a nutritionally complete neonatal food source has provided a powerful evolutionary advantage to mammals. Milk production by mammary epithelial cells is adaptive, its release is exquisitely timed, and its own glandular stagnation with the permanent cessation of suckling triggers the cell death and tissue remodeling that enables female mammals to nurse successive progeny. Chemical and mechanical signals both play a role in this process. However, despite this duality of input, much remains unknown about the nature and function of mechanical forces in this organ. Here, we characterize the force landscape in the functionally mature gland and the capacity of luminal and basal cells to experience and exert force. We explore molecular instruments for force-sensing, in particular channel-mediated mechanotransduction, revealing increased expression of Piezo1 in mammary tissue in lactation and confirming functional expression in luminal cells. We also reveal, however, that lactation and involution proceed normally in mice with luminal-specific Piezo1 deletion. These findings support a multifaceted system of chemical and mechanical sensing in the mammary gland, and a protective redundancy that ensures continued lactational competence and offspring survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teneale A Stewart
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Faculty of Medicine, Woolloongabba, Queensland, 4102, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, 4102, Australia
| | - Katherine Hughes
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Alexander J Stevenson
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Faculty of Medicine, Woolloongabba, Queensland, 4102, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, 4102, Australia
| | - Natascia Marino
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, 46202, USA
- Susan G. Komen Tissue Bank at Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, 46202, USA
| | - Adler L Ju
- Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, 4102, Australia
| | - Michael Morehead
- Lane Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, 26506, USA
| | - Felicity M Davis
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Faculty of Medicine, Woolloongabba, Queensland, 4102, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, 4102, Australia
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20
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Grinman D, Athonvarungkul D, Wysolmerski J, Jeong J. Calcium Metabolism and Breast Cancer: Echoes of Lactation? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 15:63-70. [PMID: 33299957 DOI: 10.1016/j.coemr.2020.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Lactation requires a series of adaptations in maternal calcium and bone metabolism to ensure a steady supply of calcium to the lactating mammary gland. The alterations in systemic metabolism are accompanied by alterations in the expression of calcium receptors, channels, binding proteins, pumps and transporters in mammary epithelial cells to increase the uptake of calcium from the extracellular fluid and to transport it into milk. Intracellular calcium regulates signaling pathways that mediate changes in cell proliferation, differentiation and death and many of the molecules involved in supporting and coordinating calcium secretion into milk are re-expressed and redeployed to support malignant behavior in breast cancer cells. In this article, we review adaptations of systemic calcium homeostasis during lactation, as well as the mechanisms of milk calcium transport. We then discuss how reactivation of these pathways contributes to the pathophysiology of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Grinman
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine
| | - Diana Athonvarungkul
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine
| | - John Wysolmerski
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine
| | - Jaekwang Jeong
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine
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21
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Stewart TA, Davis FM. Got Milk? Identifying and Characterizing Lactation Defects in Genetically-Engineered Mouse Models. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2020; 25:255-272. [PMID: 33211270 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-020-09467-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to produce and expel milk is important for the health and survival of all mammals. Nevertheless, our understanding of the molecular events underlying the execution of this process remains incomplete. Whilst impaired mammary gland development and lactational competence remains the subject of focused investigations, defects in these events may also be an unintended consequence of genetic manipulation in rodent models. In this technical report, we outline established and emerging methods to characterize lactation phenotypes in genetically-engineered mouse models. We discuss important considerations of common models, optimized conditions for mating and the importance of litter size and standardization. Methods for quantifying milk production and quality, as well as protocols for wholemount preparation, immunohistochemistry and the preparation of RNA and protein lysates are provided. This review is intended to help guide researchers new to the field of mammary gland biology in the systematic analysis of lactation defects and in the preparation of samples for more focused mechanistic investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teneale A Stewart
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Faculty of Medicine, Woolloongabba, Queensland, 4102, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, 4102, Australia
| | - Felicity M Davis
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Faculty of Medicine, Woolloongabba, Queensland, 4102, Australia.
- Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, 4102, Australia.
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22
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Watson CJ, Khaled WT. Mammary development in the embryo and adult: new insights into the journey of morphogenesis and commitment. Development 2020; 147:dev169862. [PMID: 33191272 DOI: 10.1242/dev.169862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The mammary gland is a unique tissue and the defining feature of the class Mammalia. It is a late-evolving epidermal appendage that has the primary function of providing nutrition for the young, although recent studies have highlighted additional benefits of milk including the provision of passive immunity and a microbiome and, in humans, the psychosocial benefits of breastfeeding. In this Review, we outline the various stages of mammary gland development in the mouse, with a particular focus on lineage specification and the new insights that have been gained by the application of recent technological advances in imaging in both real-time and three-dimensions, and in single cell RNA sequencing. These studies have revealed the complexity of subpopulations of cells that contribute to the mammary stem and progenitor cell hierarchy and we suggest a new terminology to distinguish these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine J Watson
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Walid T Khaled
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK
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23
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Multiscale imaging of basal cell dynamics in the functionally mature mammary gland. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:26822-26832. [PMID: 33033227 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2016905117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammary epithelium is indispensable for the continued survival of more than 5,000 mammalian species. For some, the volume of milk ejected in a single day exceeds their entire blood volume. Here, we unveil the spatiotemporal properties of physiological signals that orchestrate the ejection of milk from alveolar units and its passage along the mammary ductal network. Using quantitative, multidimensional imaging of mammary cell ensembles from GCaMP6 transgenic mice, we reveal how stimulus evoked Ca2+ oscillations couple to contractions in basal epithelial cells. Moreover, we show that Ca2+-dependent contractions generate the requisite force to physically deform the innermost layer of luminal cells, compelling them to discharge the fluid that they produced and housed. Through the collective action of thousands of these biological positive-displacement pumps, each linked to a contractile ductal network, milk begins its passage toward the dependent neonate, seconds after the command.
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24
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Bakowski D, Murray F, Parekh AB. Store-Operated Ca 2+ Channels: Mechanism, Function, Pharmacology, and Therapeutic Targets. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2020; 61:629-654. [PMID: 32966177 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-031620-105135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) release-activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channels are a major route for Ca2+ entry in eukaryotic cells. These channels are store operated, opening when the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is depleted of Ca2+, and are composed of the ER Ca2+ sensor protein STIM and the pore-forming plasma membrane subunit Orai. Recent years have heralded major strides in our understanding of the structure, gating, and function of the channels. Loss-of-function and gain-of-function mutants combined with RNAi knockdown strategies have revealed important roles for the channel in numerous human diseases, making the channel a clinically relevant target. Drugs targeting the channels generally lack specificity or exhibit poor efficacy in animal models. However, the landscape is changing, and CRAC channel blockers are now entering clinical trials. Here, we describe the key molecular and biological features of CRAC channels, consider various diseases associated with aberrant channel activity, and discuss targeting of the channels from a therapeutic perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fraser Murray
- Pandeia Therapeutics, Oxford OX4 4GP, United Kingdom
| | - Anant B Parekh
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Oxford University, Oxford OX1 3PT, United Kingdom; , .,Current affiliation: National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
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25
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Johnson CJ, Razy-Krajka F, Stolfi A. Expression of smooth muscle-like effectors and core cardiomyocyte regulators in the contractile papillae of Ciona. EvoDevo 2020; 11:15. [PMID: 32774829 PMCID: PMC7397655 DOI: 10.1186/s13227-020-00162-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The evolution of vertebrate smooth muscles is obscured by lack of identifiable smooth muscle-like cells in tunicates, the invertebrates most closely related to vertebrates. A recent evolutionary model was proposed in which smooth muscles arose before the last bilaterian common ancestor, and were later diversified, secondarily lost or modified in the branches leading to extant animal taxa. However, there is currently no data from tunicates to support this scenario. METHODS AND RESULTS Here, we show that the axial columnar cells, a unique cell type in the adhesive larval papillae of the tunicate Ciona, are enriched for orthologs of vertebrate smooth/non-muscle-specific effectors of contractility, in addition to developing from progenitors that express conserved cardiomyocyte regulatory factors. We show that these cells contract during the retraction of the Ciona papillae during larval settlement and metamorphosis. CONCLUSIONS We propose that the axial columnar cells of Ciona are a myoepithelial cell type required for transducing external stimuli into mechanical forces that aid in the attachment of the motile larva to its final substrate. Furthermore, they share developmental and functional features with vertebrate myoepithelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, and cardiomyocytes. We discuss these findings in the context of the proposed models of vertebrate smooth muscle and cardiomyocyte evolution.
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26
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Lloyd-Lewis B. Multidimensional Imaging of Mammary Gland Development: A Window Into Breast Form and Function. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:203. [PMID: 32296702 PMCID: PMC7138012 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
An in-depth appreciation of organ form and function relies on the ability to image intact tissues across multiple scales. Difficulties associated with imaging deep within organs, however, can preclude high-resolution multidimensional imaging of live and fixed tissues. This is particularly challenging in the mammary gland, where the epithelium lies deeply encased within a stromal matrix. Recent advances in deep-tissue and live imaging methodologies are increasingly facilitating the visualization of complex cellular structures within their native environment. Alongside, refinements in optical tissue clearing and immunostaining methods are enabling 3D fluorescence imaging of whole organs at unprecedented resolutions. Collectively, these methods are illuminating the dynamic biological processes underlying tissue morphogenesis, homeostasis, and disease. This review provides a snapshot of the current and state-of-the-art multidimensional imaging techniques applied to the postnatal mammary gland, illustrating how these approaches have revealed important new insights into mammary gland ductal development and lactation. Continual evolution of multidimensional image acquisition and analysis methods will undoubtedly offer further insights into mammary gland biology that promises to shed new light on the perturbations leading to breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethan Lloyd-Lewis
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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Kamikawa A, Seko J. Physiological and pharmacological evaluation of oxytocin-induced milk ejection in mice. Exp Anim 2020; 69:345-353. [PMID: 32213759 PMCID: PMC7445052 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.19-0126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxytocin, a posterior pituitary hormone, causes the contraction of the mammary myoepithelial cells that surround the acini. This ejects milk from the acini into the primary mammary ducts. The milk ejection responses by oxytocin have not yet been exactly evaluated in mice. Thus, we present a novel method for quantitatively evaluating oxytocin-induced milk ejection in anesthetized lactating mice. We cannulated the mammary duct, administered oxytocin intraperitoneally or intravenously, and collected and measured the ejected milk. Intraperitoneal oxytocin administration (150 mU) induced continuous but oscillatory milk ejection. Repeated intravenous administration of 1.5 mU of oxytocin elicited repeated transient milk ejection. The volume of the ejected milk as a proportion of the stored volume just before each ejection (rather than ejection volume itself) was an expedient and reliable parameter representing the potency of ejection. The oxytocin sensitivity of mice at day 18 of lactation was determined from a sigmoidal dose-response curve as ED50 ≈ 2.69 mU. Based on this dose-response relationship, the specific activity of the oxytocin receptor agonists (Thr4, Gly7)-oxytocin and WAY 267464 were estimated as 976 and 6.87 U/mg, respectively. The assay presented here could be useful for physiological and pharmacological investigations of oxytocin-induced milk ejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Kamikawa
- Section of Physiology and Pharmacology, Division of Veterinary Sciences, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Jumpei Seko
- Section of Physiology and Pharmacology, Division of Veterinary Sciences, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
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28
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Zhang B, Li M, Yang W, Loor JJ, Wang S, Zhao Y, Guo H, Ma X, Xia C, Xu C. Orai calcium release-activated calcium modulator 1 (ORAI1) plays a role in endoplasmic reticulum stress in bovine mammary epithelial cells challenged with physiological levels of ketone bodies. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:4691-4701. [PMID: 32173015 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The Orai calcium release-activated calcium modulator 1 (ORAI1) is a key component of the store-operated Ca2+ entry mechanism regulating cellular Ca2+ balance in nonruminants. Alterations in ORAI1 abundance have been associated with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and changes in lipid metabolism in hepatocytes, an important lipogenic organ in nonruminants. Objectives were to (1) determine abundance of ORAI1 and components of the ER stress response in mammary tissue of ketotic cows, and (2) the potential role of ORAI1 on mammary cell responses to high levels of β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB). Healthy (n = 6, plasma BHB < 0.60 mmol/L) and clinically ketotic (n = 6, plasma BHB > 2.0 mmol/L) Holstein cows (days in milk = 10.13 ± 1.90) were used for mammary gland tissue and blood sample collection. Although milk production (22.5 ± 1.26, 33 ± 1.59, kg of milk/cow per day) and dry matter intake (19.5 ± 1.05, 21.9 ± 0.95, kg/d) were lower in ketotic cows, abundance of ORAI1 protein was greater and was associated with greater mRNA abundance of ER stress proteins (PERK, IRE1, ATF6, and GRP78) and lipogenic genes (FASN, SREBP1, and ACACA). Cellular mechanisms to establish links between BHB and mammary cell responses were evaluated using the immortalized cell line bovine mammary epithelial cells (MAC-T). First, a dose response study was performed with 0, 0.6, 1.2, 1.8, 2.4, or 4.8 mM BHB for 24 h. The mRNA abundance of FASN, SREBP1, and ACACA and lipid droplet formation peaked at 1.2 mM BHB. A subsequent study involved transfecting MAC-T with small interfering Orai 1 (siORAI1) or the ORAI1 inhibitor BTP2 for 24 h followed by a challenge with 1.2 mM BHB for 24 h. Transcription and protein abundance of FASN, SREBP1, ACACA, and ER stress proteins returned to basal levels when ORAI1 was silenced or inhibited. Furthermore, the Ca2+ ionophore ionomycin (raises the intracellular level of Ca2+) also increased abundance of ORAI1, FASN, SREBP1, ACACA, and ER stress proteins. Data suggest that the mammary gland experiences ER stress during ketosis, partly due to the greater supply of BHB originating from ketogenesis in the liver. Intracellular Ca2+ signaling and ORAI1 seem to mediate in part the BHB-induced ER stress in mammary cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingbing Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Xinyang Rd. 2, Daqing, 163319, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Ming Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Xinyang Rd. 2, Daqing, 163319, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Wei Yang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Xinyang Rd. 2, Daqing, 163319, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Juan J Loor
- Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801
| | - Shuang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Xinyang Rd. 2, Daqing, 163319, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yingying Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Xinyang Rd. 2, Daqing, 163319, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Han Guo
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Xinyang Rd. 2, Daqing, 163319, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xinru Ma
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Xinyang Rd. 2, Daqing, 163319, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Cheng Xia
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Xinyang Rd. 2, Daqing, 163319, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Chuang Xu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Xinyang Rd. 2, Daqing, 163319, Heilongjiang, China.
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29
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Stewart TA, Davis FM. A Primary Cell and Organoid Platform for Evaluating Pharmacological Responses in Mammary Epithelial Cells. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2020; 3:63-75. [PMID: 32259089 PMCID: PMC7088941 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.9b00090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
An essential process in predicting the in vivo pharmacological activity of a candidate molecule involves the evaluation of target responses using established model systems. While these models largely comprise immortalized cells, which are often serially passaged as monolayers on uniformly stiff substrates and are modified to overexpress one or more components of the pathway-of-interest, the importance of cell identity, heterogeneity, and three-dimensional (3D) context to target response is gaining increasing attention. Here, we assess intracellular calcium responses in mouse mammary epithelial cells in three distinct model systems: 3D primary organoids, 2D primary epithelial cells, and 2D immortalized cells. Specifically, we assess intracellular calcium responses to a number of extracellular signals implicated in the regulation of basal (or myoepithelial) cell function. These findings provide further insights into cell type and context-specific pharmacological responses in mammary epithelial cells and highlight the opportunities and challenges in the adoption of architecturally complex and heterogeneous in vitro assays in pharmacological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teneale A. Stewart
- Mater
Research-The University of Queensland, Faculty of Medicine, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia
- Translational
Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Felicity M. Davis
- Mater
Research-The University of Queensland, Faculty of Medicine, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia
- Translational
Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia
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30
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Azimi I, Stevenson RJ, Zhang X, Meizoso-Huesca A, Xin P, Johnson M, Flanagan JU, Chalmers SB, Yoast RE, Kapure JS, Ross BP, Vetter I, Ashton MR, Launikonis BS, Denny WA, Trebak M, Monteith GR. A new selective pharmacological enhancer of the Orai1 Ca 2+ channel reveals roles for Orai1 in smooth and skeletal muscle functions. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2020; 3:135-147. [PMID: 32190822 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.9b00081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Store operated calcium (Ca2+) entry is an important homeostatic mechanism in cells, whereby the release of Ca2+ from intracellular endoplasmic reticulum stores triggers the activation of a Ca2+ influx pathway. Mediated by Orai1, this Ca2+ influx has specific and essential roles in biological processes as diverse as lactation to immunity. Although pharmacological inhibitors of this Ca2+ influx mechanism have helped to define the role of store operated Ca2+ entry in many cellular events, the lack of isoform specific modulators and activators of Orai1 has limited our full understanding of these processes. Here we report the identification and synthesis of an Orai1 activity enhancer that concurrently potentiated Orai1 Ca2+ -dependent inactivation (CDI). This unique enhancer of Orai1 had only a modest effect on Orai3 with weak inhibitory effects at high concentrations in intact MCF-7 breast cancer cells. The Orai1 enhancer heightened vascular smooth muscle cell migration induced by platelet-derived growth factor and the unique store operated Ca2+ entry pathway present in skeletal muscle cells. These studies show that IA65 is an exemplar for the translation and development of Orai isoform selective agents. The ability of IA65 to activate CDI demonstrates that agents can be developed that can enhance Orai1-mediated Ca2+ influx but avoid the cytotoxicity associated with sustained Orai1 activation. IA65 and/or future analogues with similar Orai1 and CDI activating properties could be fine tuners of physiological processes important in specific disease states, such as cellular migration and immune cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Azimi
- Division of Pharmacy, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Ralph J Stevenson
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Xuexin Zhang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, and Pennsylvania State Cancer Institute. The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Aldo Meizoso-Huesca
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Ping Xin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, and Pennsylvania State Cancer Institute. The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Martin Johnson
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, and Pennsylvania State Cancer Institute. The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Jack U Flanagan
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Silke B Chalmers
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ryan E Yoast
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, and Pennsylvania State Cancer Institute. The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Jeevak S Kapure
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Benjamin P Ross
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Irina Vetter
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Queensland, Australia.,IMB Centre for Pain Research, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Mark R Ashton
- UniQuest Pty Ltd, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Bradley S Launikonis
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - William A Denny
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Mohamed Trebak
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, and Pennsylvania State Cancer Institute. The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Gregory R Monteith
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Queensland, Australia.,Mater Research Institute, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4102, Queensland, Australia
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31
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O'Grady S, Morgan MP. Calcium transport and signalling in breast cancer: Functional and prognostic significance. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 72:19-26. [PMID: 31866475 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Comprised of a complex network of numerous intertwining pathways, the Ca2+ signalling nexus is an essential mediator of many normal cellular activities. Like many other such functions, the normal physiological activity of Ca2+ signalling is frequently co-opted and reshaped in cases of breast cancer, creating a potent oncogenic drive within the affected cell population. Such modifications can occur within pathways mediating either Ca2+ import (e.g. TRP channels, ORAI-STIM1) or Ca2+ export (e.g. PMCA), indicating that both increases and decreases within cellular Ca2+ levels have the potential to increase the malignant potential of a cell. Increased understanding of these pathways may offer clinical benefit in terms of both prognosis and treatment; patient survival has been linked to expression levels of certain Ca2+ transport proteins, whilst selective targeting of these factors with novel anti-cancer agents has demonstrated a variety of anti-tumour effects in in vitro studies. In addition, the activity of several Ca2+ signalling pathways has been shown to influence chemotherapy response, suggesting that a synergistic approach coupling traditional chemotherapy with Ca2+ targeting agents may also improve patient outcome. As such, targeted modulation of these pathways represents a novel approach in precision medicine and breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane O'Grady
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Maria P Morgan
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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32
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Stewart TA, Davis FM. Formation and Function of Mammalian Epithelia: Roles for Mechanosensitive PIEZO1 Ion Channels. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:260. [PMID: 31750303 PMCID: PMC6843007 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical forces play important roles in shaping mammalian development. In the embryo, cells experience force both during the formation of the mammalian body plan and in the ensuing phase of organogenesis. Physical forces - including fluid flow, compression, radial pressure, contraction, and osmotic pressure - continue to play central roles as organs mature, function, and ultimately dysfunction. Multiple mechanisms exist to receive, transduce, and transmit mechanical forces in mammalian epithelial tissues and to integrate these cues, which can both fluctuate and coincide, with local and systemic chemical signals. Drawing near a decade since the discovery of the bona fide mechanically activated ion channel, PIEZO1, we discuss in this mini-review established and emerging roles for this protein in the form and function of mammalian epithelia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teneale A. Stewart
- Faculty of Medicine, Mater Research-The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Felicity M. Davis
- Faculty of Medicine, Mater Research-The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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33
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Stewart TA, Hughes K, Hume DA, Davis FM. Developmental Stage-Specific Distribution of Macrophages in Mouse Mammary Gland. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:250. [PMID: 31709255 PMCID: PMC6821639 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammary gland development begins in the embryo and continues throughout the reproductive life of female mammals. Tissue macrophages (Mϕs), dependent on signals from the Mϕ colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R), have been shown to regulate the generation, regression and regeneration of this organ, which is central for mammalian offspring survival. However, the distribution of Mϕs in the pre- and post-natal mammary gland, as it undergoes distinct phases of development and regression, is unknown or has been inferred from immunostaining of thin tissue sections. Here, we used optical tissue clearing and 3-dimensional imaging of mammary tissue obtained from Csf1r-EGFP mice. Whilst tissue Mϕs were observed at all developmental phases, their abundance, morphology, localization and association with luminal and basal epithelial cells exhibited stage-specific differences. Furthermore, sexual dimorphism was observed at E14.5, when the male mammary bud is severed from the overlying epidermis. These findings provide new insights into the localization and possible functions of heterogeneous tissue Mϕ populations in mammogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teneale A. Stewart
- Faculty of Medicine, Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Katherine Hughes
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - David A. Hume
- Faculty of Medicine, Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Felicity M. Davis
- Faculty of Medicine, Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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34
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So CL, Saunus JM, Roberts-Thomson SJ, Monteith GR. Calcium signalling and breast cancer. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2019; 94:74-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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35
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Zhao D, Han X, Huang L, Wang J, Zhang X, Jeon JH, Zhao Q, Dong JT. Transcription factor ZFHX3 regulates calcium influx in mammary epithelial cells in part via the TRPV6 calcium channel. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 519:366-371. [PMID: 31519324 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.08.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Zinc finger homeobox 3 (ZFHX3) is a transcription factor that regulates multiple cellular processes including cell proliferation, differentiation and neoplastic development. It is also involved in the function of steroid hormones estrogen and progesterone and the peptide hormone prolactin in mammary epithelial cells. In this study, we investigated whether and how ZFHX3 regulates intracellular calcium homeostasis in mammary epithelial cells. We found that ZFHX3 affected both store operated calcium entry and store independent calcium entry (SOCE and SICE). Simultaneously, the expression of the calcium channel TRPV6 was regulated by ZFHX3, as demonstrated by expression analysis and luciferase reporter assay. In cells with knockdown of ZFHX3, calcium entry was partially rescued by the overexpression of wild type but not the pore mutants of TRPV6. In addition, overexpression of TRPV6 promoted differentiation of the MCF10A mammary epithelial cells in three-dimensional culture, which is consistent with our previous findings that ZFHX3 is essential for mammary gland differentiation. These findings suggest that ZFHX3 plays an important role in intracellular calcium homeostasis in mammary epithelial cells, at least in part, by regulating TRPV6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhao
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xueying Han
- Department of Zoology and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Lili Huang
- Department of Zoology and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jianpeng Wang
- Department of Zoology and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Ju-Hong Jeon
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 110-799, South Korea
| | - Qiang Zhao
- Department of Zoology and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
| | - Jin-Tang Dong
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China; Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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36
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An element for development: Calcium signaling in mammalian reproduction and development. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2019; 1866:1230-1238. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2019.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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37
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Store-operated Ca2+ entry and Ca2+ responses to hypothalamic releasing hormones in anterior pituitary cells from Orai1−/− and heptaTRPC knockout mice. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2019; 1866:1124-1136. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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38
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Ishitsuka Y, Inoue S, Furuta J, Koguchi-Yoshioka H, Nakamura Y, Watanabe R, Okiyama N, Fujisawa Y, Enokizono T, Fukushima H, Suzuki H, Nishino I, Kosaki K, Fujimoto M. Sweat retention anhidrosis associated with tubular aggregate myopathy. Br J Dermatol 2019; 181:1104-1106. [PMID: 31145807 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.18175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y Ishitsuka
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - S Inoue
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - J Furuta
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | | | - Y Nakamura
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - R Watanabe
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - N Okiyama
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Y Fujisawa
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - T Enokizono
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - H Fukushima
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - H Suzuki
- Centre for Medical Genetics, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - I Nishino
- Department of Neuromuscular Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Centre of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Kosaki
- Centre for Medical Genetics, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Fujimoto
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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39
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The Myometrium: From Excitation to Contractions and Labour. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1124:233-263. [PMID: 31183830 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-5895-1_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
Abstract
We start by describing the functions of the uterus, its structure, both gross and fine, innervation and blood supply. It is interesting to note the diversity of the female's reproductive tract between species and to remember it when working with different animal models. Myocytes are the overwhelming cell type of the uterus (>95%) and our focus. Their function is to contract, and they have an intrinsic pacemaker and rhythmicity, which is modified by hormones, stretch, paracrine factors and the extracellular environment. We discuss evidence or not for pacemaker cells in the uterus. We also describe the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) in some detail, as it is relevant to calcium signalling and excitability. Ion channels, including store-operated ones, their contributions to excitability and action potentials, are covered. The main pathway to excitation is from depolarisation opening voltage-gated Ca2+ channels. Much of what happens downstream of excitability is common to other smooth muscles, with force depending upon the balance of myosin light kinase and phosphatase. Mechanisms of maintaining Ca2+ balance within the myocytes are discussed. Metabolism, and how it is intertwined with activity, blood flow and pH, is covered. Growth of the myometrium and changes in contractile proteins with pregnancy and parturition are also detailed. We finish with a description of uterine activity and why it is important, covering progression to labour as well as preterm and dysfunctional labours. We conclude by highlighting progress made and where further efforts are required.
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40
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Liu H, Kabrah A, Ahuja M, Muallem S. CRAC channels in secretory epithelial cell function and disease. Cell Calcium 2018; 78:48-55. [PMID: 30641249 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2018.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The receptor-evoked Ca2+ signal in secretory epithelia mediate many cellular functions essential for cell survival and their most fundamental functions of secretory granules exocytosis and fluid and electrolyte secretion. Ca2+ influx is a key component of the receptor-evoked Ca2+ signal in secretory cell and is mediated by both TRPC and the STIM1-activated Orai1 channels that mediates the Ca2+ release-activated current (CRAC) Icrac. The core components of the receptor-evoked Ca2+ signal are assembled at the ER/PM junctions where exchange of materials between the plasma membrane and internal organelles take place, including transfer of lipids and Ca2+. The Ca2+ signal generated at the confined space of the ER/PM junctions is necessary for activation of the Ca2+-regulated proteins and ion channels that mediate exocytosis with high fidelity and tight control. In this review we discuss the general properties of Ca2+ signaling, PI(4,5)P2 and other lipids at the ER/PM junctions with regard to secretory cells function and disease caused by uncontrolled Ca2+ influx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiping Liu
- Epithelial Signaling and Transport Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, United States
| | - Ahmed Kabrah
- Epithelial Signaling and Transport Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, United States
| | - Malini Ahuja
- Epithelial Signaling and Transport Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, United States
| | - Shmuel Muallem
- Epithelial Signaling and Transport Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, United States.
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Azimi I, Bong AH, Poo GXH, Armitage K, Lok D, Roberts-Thomson SJ, Monteith GR. Pharmacological inhibition of store-operated calcium entry in MDA-MB-468 basal A breast cancer cells: consequences on calcium signalling, cell migration and proliferation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:4525-4537. [PMID: 30105615 PMCID: PMC11105359 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2904-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Store-operated Ca2+ entry is a pathway that is remodelled in a variety of cancers, and altered expression of the components of store-operated Ca2+ entry is a feature of breast cancer cells of the basal molecular subtype. Studies of store-operated Ca2+ entry in breast cancer cells have used non-specific pharmacological inhibitors, complete depletion of intracellular Ca2+ stores and have mostly focused on MDA-MB-231 cells (a basal B breast cancer cell line). These studies compared the effects of the selective store-operated Ca2+ entry inhibitors Synta66 and YM58483 (also known as BTP2) on global cytosolic free Ca2+ ([Ca2+]CYT) changes induced by physiological stimuli in a different breast cancer basal cell line model, MDA-MB-468. The effects of these agents on proliferation as well as serum and epidermal growth factor (EGF) induced migration were also assessed. Activation with the purinergic receptor activator adenosine triphosphate, produced a sustained increase in [Ca2+]CYT that was entirely dependent on store-operated Ca2+ entry. The protease activated receptor 2 activator, trypsin, and EGF also produced Ca2+ influx that was sensitive to both Synta66 and YM58483. Serum-activated migration of MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cells was sensitive to both store-operated Ca2+ inhibitors. However, proliferation and EGF-activated migration was differentially affected by Synta66 and YM58483. These studies highlight the need to define the exact mechanisms of action of different store-operated calcium entry inhibitors and the impact of such differences in the control of tumour progression pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Azimi
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Mater Research Institute, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Division of Pharmacy, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Alice H Bong
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Greta X H Poo
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Kaela Armitage
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Dawn Lok
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Gregory R Monteith
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
- Mater Research Institute, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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Study of the Endogenous CRAC Channel Using shRNA-Mediated Gene Silencing. Methods Mol Biol 2018. [PMID: 30203284 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8704-7_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
The Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ (CRAC) current is a major signaling event in non-excitable cells whereby Ca2+ store depletion activates Ca2+ entry across the plasma membrane from the extracellular space. Stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) and Orai1 proteins are the key molecular players of the CRAC channel. Previous studies have linked activity of this channel to many physiological functions, and dysregulation of the CRAC channel has been associated with various diseases. In the absence of inducible tissue-specific knockout mice, in vivo knockdown studies examining the endogenous function of CRAC channel proteins, STIM1 and Orai1, are a challenge. In this chapter, we describe a lentiviral delivery system of shRNA-mediated gene silencing that has proven successful in studying the endogenous CRAC channel in vivo.
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Trebak M, Putney JW. ORAI Calcium Channels. Physiology (Bethesda) 2018; 32:332-342. [PMID: 28615316 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00011.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review article, we discuss the different gene products and translational variants of ORAI proteins and their contribution to the makeup of different native calcium-conducting channels with distinct compositions and modes of activation. We also review the different modes of regulation of these distinct calcium channels and their impact on downstream cellular signaling controlling important physiological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Trebak
- The Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania; and
| | - James W Putney
- The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
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Myoepithelial cell-driven acini contraction in response to oxytocin receptor stimulation is impaired in lacrimal glands of Sjögren's syndrome animal models. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9919. [PMID: 29967327 PMCID: PMC6028591 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28227-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present studies was to investigate the impact of chronic inflammation of the lacrimal gland, as occurs in Sjögren’s syndrome, on the morphology and function of myoepithelial cells (MECs). In spite of the importance of MECs for lacrimal gland function, the effect of inflammation on MECs has not been well defined. We studied changes in MEC structure and function in two animal models of aqueous deficient dry eye, NOD and MRL/lpr mice. We found a statistically significant reduction in the size of MECs in diseased compared to control lacrimal glands. We also found that oxytocin receptor was highly expressed in MECs of mouse and human lacrimal glands and that its expression was strongly reduced in diseased glands. Furthermore, we found a significant decrease in the amount of two MEC contractile proteins, α-smooth muscle actin (SMA) and calponin. Finally, oxytocin-mediated contraction was impaired in lacrimal gland acini from diseased glands. We conclude that chronic inflammation of the lacrimal gland leads to a substantial thinning of MECs, down-regulation of contractile proteins and oxytocin receptor expression, and therefore impaired acini contraction. This is the first study highlighting the role of oxytocin mediated MEC contraction on lacrimal gland function.
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Weaver SR, Hernandez LL. Could use of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors During Lactation Cause Persistent Effects on Maternal Bone? J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2018; 23:5-25. [PMID: 29603039 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-018-9390-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The lactating mammary gland elegantly coordinates maternal homeostasis to provide calcium for milk. During lactation, the monoamine serotonin regulates the synthesis and release of various mammary gland-derived factors, such as parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP), to stimulate bone resorption. Recent evidence suggests that bone mineral lost during prolonged lactation is not fully recovered following weaning, possibly putting women at increased risk of fracture or osteoporosis. Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressants have also been associated with reduced bone mineral density and increased fracture risk. Therefore, SSRI exposure while breastfeeding may exacerbate lactational bone loss, compromising long-term bone health. Through an examination of serotonin and calcium homeostasis during lactation, lactational bone turnover and post-weaning recovery of bone mineral, and the effect of peripartum depression and SSRI on the mammary gland and bone, this review will discuss the hypothesis that peripartum SSRI exposure causes persistent reductions in bone mineral density through mammary-derived PTHrP signaling with bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha R Weaver
- Endocrine and Reproductive Physiology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Laura L Hernandez
- Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W Putney
- Scientist Emeritus, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences - NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
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Stevenson RJ, Azimi I, Flanagan JU, Inserra M, Vetter I, Monteith GR, Denny WA. An SAR study of hydroxy-trifluoromethylpyrazolines as inhibitors of Orai1-mediated store operated Ca 2+ entry in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells using a convenient Fluorescence Imaging Plate Reader assay. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:3406-3413. [PMID: 29776832 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The proteins Orai1 and STIM1 control store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) into cells. SOCE is important for migration, invasion and metastasis of MDA-MB-231 human triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells and has been proposed as a target for cancer drug discovery. Two hit compounds from a medium throughput screen, displayed encouraging inhibition of SOCE in MDA-MB-231 cells, as measured by a Fluorescence Imaging Plate Reader (FLIPR) Ca2+ assay. Following NMR spectroscopic analysis of these hits and reassignment of their structures as 5-hydroxy-5-trifluoromethylpyrazolines, a series of analogues was prepared via thermal condensation reactions between substituted acylhydrazones and trifluoromethyl 1,3-dicarbonyl arenes. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies showed that small lipophilic substituents at the 2- and 3-positions of the RHS and 2-, 3- and 4-postions of the LHS terminal benzene rings improved activity, resulting in a novel class of potent and selective inhibitors of SOCE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph J Stevenson
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Iman Azimi
- The School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Division of Pharmacy, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Jack U Flanagan
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Marco Inserra
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia; School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Irina Vetter
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia; School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Gregory R Monteith
- The School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - William A Denny
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
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Orai1 Plays a Crucial Role in Central Sensitization by Modulating Neuronal Excitability. J Neurosci 2017; 38:887-900. [PMID: 29229703 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3007-17.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathological pain is a common and debilitating condition that is often poorly managed. Central sensitization is an important mechanism underlying pathological pain. However, candidate molecules involved in central sensitization remain unclear. Store-operated calcium channels (SOCs) mediate important calcium signals in nonexcitable and excitable cells. SOCs have been implicated in a wide variety of human pathophysiological conditions, including immunodeficiency, occlusive vascular diseases, and cancer. However, the role of SOCs in CNS disorders has been relatively unexplored. Orai1, a key component of SOCs, is expressed in the human and rodent spinal cord dorsal horn, but its functional significance in dorsal horn neurons is poorly understood. Here we sought to explore a potential role of Orai1 in the modulation of neuronal excitability and A-type potassium channels involved in pain plasticity. Using both male and female Orai1 knock-out mice, we found that activation of Orai1 increased neuronal excitability and reduced A-type potassium channels via the protein kinase C-extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (PKC-ERK) pathway in dorsal horn neurons. Orai1 deficiency significantly decreased acute pain induced by noxious stimuli, nearly eliminated the second phase of formalin-induced nociceptive response, markedly attenuated carrageenan-induced ipsilateral pain hypersensitivity and abolished carrageenan-induced contralateral mechanical allodynia. Consistently, carrageenan-induced increase in neuronal excitability was abolished in the dorsal horn from Orai1 mutant mice. These findings uncover a novel signaling pathway involved in the pain process and central sensitization. Our study also reveals a novel link among Orai1, ERK, A-type potassium channels, and neuronal excitability.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Orai1 is a key component of store-operated calcium channels (SOCs) in many cell types. It has been implicated in such pathological conditions as immunodeficiency, autoimmunity, and cancer. However, the role of Orai1 in CNS disorders remains poorly understood. The functional significance of Orai1 in neurons is elusive. Here we demonstrate that activation of Orai1 modulates neuronal excitability and Kv4-containing A-type potassium channels via the protein kinase C-extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (PKC-ERK) pathway. Genetic knock-out of Orai1 nearly eliminates the second phase of formalin-induced pain and markedly attenuates carrageenan-induced pain hypersensitivity and neuronal excitability. These findings reveal a novel link between Orai1 and neuronal excitability and advance our understanding of central sensitization.
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LEFTY2 inhibits endometrial receptivity by downregulating Orai1 expression and store-operated Ca 2+ entry. J Mol Med (Berl) 2017; 96:173-182. [PMID: 29230527 PMCID: PMC5778154 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-017-1610-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Early embryo development and endometrial differentiation are initially independent processes, and synchronization, imposed by a limited window of implantation, is critical for reproductive success. A putative negative regulator of endometrial receptivity is LEFTY2, a member of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β family. LEFTY2 is highly expressed in decidualizing human endometrial stromal cells (HESCs) during the late luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, coinciding with the closure of the window of implantation. Here, we show that flushing of the uterine lumen in mice with recombinant LEFTY2 inhibits the expression of key receptivity genes, including Cox2, Bmp2, and Wnt4, and blocks embryo implantation. In Ishikawa cells, a human endometrial epithelial cell line, LEFTY2 downregulated the expression of calcium release-activated calcium channel protein 1, encoded by ORAI1, and inhibited store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE). Furthermore, LEFTY2 and the Orai1 blockers 2-APB, MRS-1845, as well as YM-58483, inhibited, whereas the Ca2+ ionophore, ionomycin, strongly upregulated COX2, BMP2 and WNT4 expression in decidualizing HESCs. These findings suggest that LEFTY2 closes the implantation window, at least in part, by downregulating Orai1, which in turn limits SOCE and antagonizes expression of Ca2+-sensitive receptivity genes. Key messages •Endometrial receptivity is negatively regulated by LEFTY2. •LEFTY2 inhibits the expression of key murine receptivity genes, including Cox2, Bmp2and Wnt4, and blocks embryo implantation. •LEFTY2 downregulates the expression of Orai1 and inhibits SOCE. •LEFTY2 and the Orai1 blockers 2-APB, MRS-1845, and YM-58483 inhibit COX2, BMP2, and WNT4 expression in endometrial cells. •Targeting LEFTY2 and Orai1 may represent a novel approach for treating unexplained infertility. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00109-017-1610-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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50
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Putney JW. Forms and functions of store-operated calcium entry mediators, STIM and Orai. Adv Biol Regul 2017; 68:88-96. [PMID: 29217255 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2017.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Calcium signals arise by multiple mechanisms, including mechanisms of release of intracellular stored Ca2+, and the influx of Ca2+ through channels in the plasma membrane. One mechanism that links these two sources of Ca2+ is store-operated Ca2+ entry, the most commonly encountered version of which involves the extensively studied calcium-release-activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channel. The minimal and essential molecular components of the CRAC channel are the STIM proteins that function as Ca2+ sensors in the endoplasmic reticulum, and the Orai proteins that comprise the pore forming subunits of the CRAC channel. CRAC channels are known to play significant roles in a wide variety of physiological functions. This review discusses the multiple forms of STIM and Orai proteins encountered in mammalian cells, and discusses some specific examples of how these proteins modulate or mediate important physiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W Putney
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences - NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
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