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Urca T, Lehmann FO, Gorb EV, Gorb SN. Nanoscale mesh acts as anti-adhesive surface against particulate contamination in eyes of whiteflies. Sci Rep 2024; 14:18267. [PMID: 39107360 PMCID: PMC11303819 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-69059-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
In many insects the surface of the eye is nanostructured by arrays of protuberances termed ommatidial gratings which provide the cuticle with anti-reflective, anti-wetting and self-cleaning properties. The hypothesised anti-contamination role of the gratings against dust and pollen results from theoretical predictions on grating geometry and experiments on synthetic replicas of ommatidia surfaces but has not yet been proven in an animal. Whiteflies are biological test beds for anti-contamination surfaces because they deliberately distribute wax particles extruded from abdominal plates over their entire bodies. The numerous particles protect the animal against water evaporation and radiation, but may severely impair vision. Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and CryoSEM, we here show that the cornea of whiteflies exhibits ~ 220 nm wide mesh-like structures forming hexagonal gratings with thin ~ 40 nm connecting walls. Quantitative measurements of wax particles on the eye show that the nanostructures reduce particle contamination by more than ~ 96% compared to other areas of the cuticle. Altogether, our study is the first description of a predicted optimized grating geometry for anti-contamination in an arthropod. The findings serve as evidence of the high effectiveness of nanostructured surfaces for reducing contact area and thus adhesion forces between biological surfaces and contaminating particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomer Urca
- Department of Animal Physiology, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein Str. 3, 18059, Rostock, Germany.
| | - Fritz-Olaf Lehmann
- Department of Animal Physiology, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein Str. 3, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Elena V Gorb
- Department Functional Morphology and Biomechanics, Zoological Institute of the University of Kiel, Am Botanischen Garten 1-9, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Stanislav N Gorb
- Department Functional Morphology and Biomechanics, Zoological Institute of the University of Kiel, Am Botanischen Garten 1-9, 24118, Kiel, Germany
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2
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Sun Z, Inagaki S, Miyoshi K, Saito K, Hayashi S. Osiris gene family defines the cuticle nanopatterns of Drosophila. Genetics 2024; 227:iyae065. [PMID: 38652268 PMCID: PMC11151929 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyae065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Nanostructures of pores and protrusions in the insect cuticle modify molecular permeability and surface wetting and help insects sense various environmental cues. However, the cellular mechanisms that modify cuticle nanostructures are poorly understood. Here, we elucidate how insect-specific Osiris family genes are expressed in various cuticle-secreting cells in the Drosophila head during the early stages of cuticle secretion and cover nearly the entire surface of the head epidermis. Furthermore, we demonstrate how each sense organ cell with various cuticular nanostructures expressed a unique combination of Osiris genes. Osiris gene mutations cause various cuticle defects in the corneal nipples and pores of the chemosensory sensilla. Thus, our study emphasizes on the importance of Osiris genes for elucidating cuticle nanopatterning in insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengkuan Sun
- Laboratory for Morphogenetic Signaling, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 2-2-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
- Department of Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Science, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8051, Japan
| | - Sachi Inagaki
- Laboratory for Morphogenetic Signaling, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 2-2-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Keita Miyoshi
- Department of Chromosome Science, National Institute of Genetics, Research Organization of Information and Systems (ROIS), 1111 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
- Graduate Institute for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, 1111 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
| | - Kuniaki Saito
- Department of Chromosome Science, National Institute of Genetics, Research Organization of Information and Systems (ROIS), 1111 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
- Graduate Institute for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, 1111 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
| | - Shigeo Hayashi
- Laboratory for Morphogenetic Signaling, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 2-2-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
- Department of Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Science, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8051, Japan
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3
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Melkikh AV. Unsolved morphogenesis problems and the hidden order. Biosystems 2024; 239:105218. [PMID: 38653448 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2024.105218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
In this work, the morphogenesis mechanisms are considered from the complexity perspective. It is shown that both morphogenesis and the functioning of organs should be unstable in the case of short-range interaction potentials. The repeatability of forms during evolution is a strong argument for its directionality. The formation of organs during evolution can occur only in the presence of a priori information about the structure of such an organ. The focus of the discussion is not merely on constraining potential possibilities but on the concept of directed evolution itself. A morphogenesis model was constructed based on nontrivial quantum effects. These interaction effects between biologically important molecules ensure the accurate synthesis of cells, tissues, and organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Melkikh
- Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg, Russia.
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4
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Wagner AM, Kostina NY, Xiao Q, Klein ML, Percec V, Rodriguez-Emmenegger C. Glycan-Driven Formation of Raft-Like Domains with Hierarchical Periodic Nanoarrays on Dendrimersome Synthetic Cells. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:366-378. [PMID: 38064646 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c01027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
The accurate spatial segregation into distinct phases within cell membranes coordinates vital biochemical processes and functionalities in living organisms. One of nature's strategies to localize reactivity is the formation of dynamic raft domains. Most raft models rely on liquid-ordered L0 phases in a liquid-disordered Ld phase lacking correlation and remaining static, often necessitating external agents for phase separation. Here, we introduce a synthetic system of bicomponent glycodendrimersomes coassembled from Janus dendrimers and Janus glycodendrimers (JGDs), where lactose-lactose interactions exclusively drive lateral organization. This mechanism results in modulated phases across two length scales, yielding raft-like microdomains featuring nanoarrays at the nanoscale. By varying the density of lactose and molecular architecture of JGDs, the nanoarray type and size, shape, and spacing of the domains were controlled. Our findings offer insight into the potential primordial origins of rudimentary raft domains and highlight the crucial role of glycans within the glycocalyx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Wagner
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstraße 50, Aachen 52074, Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Nina Yu Kostina
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Carrer de Baldiri Reixac 10-12, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Qi Xiao
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
- Institute of Computational Molecular Science, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Michael L Klein
- Institute of Computational Molecular Science, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Virgil Percec
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Cesar Rodriguez-Emmenegger
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstraße 50, Aachen 52074, Germany
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Carrer de Baldiri Reixac 10-12, Barcelona 08028, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Passeig Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona 08028, Spain
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5
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Finely tunable dynamical coloration using bicontinuous micrometer-domains. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3619. [PMID: 35750660 PMCID: PMC9232638 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31020-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanostructures similar to those found in the vividly blue wings of Morpho butterflies and colorful photonic crystals enable structural color through constructive interference of light waves. Different from commonly studied structure-colored materials using periodic structures to manipulate optical properties, we report a previously unrecognized approach to precisely control the structural color and light transmission via a novel photonic colloidal gel without long-range order. Nanoparticles in this gel form micrometer-sized bicontinuous domains driven by the microphase separation of binary solvents. This approach enables dynamic coloration with a precise wavelength selectivity over a broad range of wavelengths extended well beyond the visible light that is not achievable with traditional methods. The dynamic wavelength selectivity is thermally tunable, reversible, and the material fabrication is easily scalable. Structural colors are often produced by periodic structured materials leading to the constructive interference of light waves. Here, the authors report control of structural color and light transmission via a colloidal gel and dynamic coloration with a precise wavelength selectivity over a broad range of wavelengths by taking advantage of the Christiansen effect.
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6
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Kryuchkov M, Adamcik J, Katanaev VL. Bactericidal and Antiviral Bionic Metalized Nanocoatings. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12111868. [PMID: 35683724 PMCID: PMC9182136 DOI: 10.3390/nano12111868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In diverse living organisms, bionanocoatings provide multiple functionalities, to the surfaces they cover. We have, previously, identified the molecular mechanisms of Turing-based self-assembly of insect corneal nanocoatings and developed forward-engineering approaches to construct multifunctional soft bionic nanocoatings, encompassing the Drosophila protein Retinin. Here, we expand the versatility of the bionic nanocoatings, by identifying and using diverse Retinin-like proteins and different methods of their metallization, using nickel, silver, and copper ions. Comparative assessment, of the resulting bactericidal, antiviral, and cytotoxic properties, identifies the best protocols, to construct safe and anti-infective metalized bionic nanocoatings. Upscaled application of these protocols, to various public surfaces, may represent a safe and economic approach to limit hazardous infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Kryuchkov
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Translational Research Centre in Oncohaematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland;
| | - Jozef Adamcik
- National Center of Competence in Research Bio-Inspired Materials, Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland;
| | - Vladimir L. Katanaev
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Translational Research Centre in Oncohaematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland;
- Institute of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-22-379-5353
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7
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Feng J, Weng X, Mandujano MAG, Muminov B, Ahuja G, Méndez ER, Yin Y, Vuong LT. Insect-inspired nanofibrous polyaniline multi-scale films for hybrid polarimetric imaging with scattered light. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2022; 7:319-327. [PMID: 35166291 DOI: 10.1039/d1nh00465d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a bio-inspired coating for novel imaging and sensing designs: the coating sorts different colors and linear polarizations. This coating, composed of conducting, nanofibrous polyaniline in an inverse opal film (PANI-IOF), is inexpensive and can feasibly be deposited over large areas on a range of flexible and non-flat substrates. With PANI IOFs, light is scattered into azimuthally polarized Debye rings. Subsequently, the diffracted speckle patterns carry compressed representations of the polarized illumination, which we reconstruct using shallow neural networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Feng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
| | - Xiaojing Weng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
| | - Miguel A G Mandujano
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
| | - Baurzhan Muminov
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
| | - Gaurav Ahuja
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
| | - Eugenio R Méndez
- División de Física Aplicada, CICESE, Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana 3918, Ensenada, BC, 22860, Mexico
| | - Yadong Yin
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Luat T Vuong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
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8
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Kuhar F, Terzzoli L, Nouhra E, Robledo G, Mercker M. Pattern formation features might explain homoplasy: fertile surfaces in higher fungi as an example. Theory Biosci 2022; 141:1-11. [PMID: 35174438 DOI: 10.1007/s12064-022-00363-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Fungi show a high degree of morphological convergence. Regarded for a long time as an obstacle for phylogenetic studies, homoplasy has also been proposed as a source of information about underlying morphogenetic patterning mechanisms. The "local-activation and long-range inhibition principle" (LALIP), underlying the famous reaction-diffusion model proposed by Alan Turing in 1952, appears to be one of the universal phenomena that can explain the ontogenetic origin of seriate patterns in living organisms. Reproductive structures of fungi in the class Agaricomycetes show a highly periodic structure resulting in, for example, poroid, odontoid, lamellate or labyrinthic hymenophores. In this paper, we claim that self-organized patterns might underlie the basic ontogenetic processes of these structures. Simulations based on LALIP-driven models and covering a wide range of parameters show an absolute mutual correspondence with the morphospace explored by extant agaricomycetes. This could not only explain geometric particularities but could also account for the limited possibilities displayed by hymenial configurations, thus making homoplasy a direct consequence of the limited morphospace resulting from the proposed patterning dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Kuhar
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (CONICET-UNC), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Av. Vélez Sársfield 1611 CC. 4955000, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Leticia Terzzoli
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (CONICET-UNC), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Av. Vélez Sársfield 1611 CC. 4955000, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Eduardo Nouhra
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (CONICET-UNC), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Av. Vélez Sársfield 1611 CC. 4955000, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Gerardo Robledo
- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias BioTecA3 - Centro de Biotecnología Aplicada Al Agro Y Alimentos, Universidad Nacionel de Córdoba, Ing. Agr. Félix Aldo Marrone 746, CC509 - CP 5000, Córdoba, Argentina.,CONICET, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas, Godoy Cruz 2290, (C1425FQB), CABA, Argentina
| | - Moritz Mercker
- Institute of Applied Mathematics (IAM), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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9
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Keeping a Clean Surface under Water: Nanoscale Nipple Array Decreases Surface Adsorption and Adhesion Forces. JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/jmse10010081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
While nanoscale nipple arrays are expected to reduce light reflection and/or dust contamination in some insects, similar structures have been reported in various marine invertebrates. To evaluate the anti-contamination property of the structure in aquatic regimes, we measured the adsorption and adhesion forces on the flat surface and MOSMITE™ (Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, Tokyo, Japan), a synthetic material mimicking the nipple array, under water. A small force toward the surface occurred when the probe approached the substrate surface. This adsorption force was significantly smaller on MOSMITE™ than on the flat surface. The adhesion force toward the surface occurred when the probe was detached from the surface, and it was also significantly smaller on MOSMITE™ than on the flat surface. The adhesion force in the air was much greater than the force under water, and the force was also significantly smaller on MOSMITE™ than on the flat surface. In the aquatic regime, the nipple array provides less adsorption/adhesion properties for the surface and thus, the organisms would have less contamination of microparticles on their body surface. As the adsorption and adhesion forces are also involved in the attachment of cells, tissue, and larvae, less adhesive body surfaces should be beneficial for survival in aquatic environments, as well as land environments.
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10
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Pinna CS, Vilbert M, Borensztajn S, Daney de Marcillac W, Piron-Prunier F, Pomerantz A, Patel NH, Berthier S, Andraud C, Gomez D, Elias M. Mimicry can drive convergence in structural and light transmission features of transparent wings in Lepidoptera. eLife 2021; 10:e69080. [PMID: 34930525 PMCID: PMC8691843 DOI: 10.7554/elife.69080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Müllerian mimicry is a positive interspecific interaction, whereby co-occurring defended prey species share a common aposematic signal. In Lepidoptera, aposematic species typically harbour conspicuous opaque wing colour patterns with convergent optical properties among co-mimetic species. Surprisingly, some aposematic mimetic species have partially transparent wings, raising the questions of whether optical properties of transparent patches are also convergent, and of how transparency is achieved. Here, we conducted a comparative study of wing optics, micro and nanostructures in neotropical mimetic clearwing Lepidoptera, using spectrophotometry and microscopy imaging. We show that transparency, as perceived by predators, is convergent among co-mimics in some mimicry rings. Underlying micro- and nanostructures are also sometimes convergent despite a large structural diversity. We reveal that while transparency is primarily produced by microstructure modifications, nanostructures largely influence light transmission, potentially enabling additional fine-tuning in transmission properties. This study shows that transparency might not only enable camouflage but can also be part of aposematic signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charline Sophie Pinna
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), CNRS, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Université des AntillesParisFrance
| | - Maëlle Vilbert
- Centre de Recherche sur la Conservation (CRC), CNRS, MNHN, Ministère de la CultureParisFrance
| | - Stephan Borensztajn
- Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Université de Paris, CNRSParisFrance
| | | | - Florence Piron-Prunier
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), CNRS, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Université des AntillesParisFrance
| | - Aaron Pomerantz
- Marine Biological LaboratoryWoods HoleUnited States
- Department Integrative Biology, University of California BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
| | | | - Serge Berthier
- Institut des NanoSciences de Paris (INSP), Sorbonne Université, CNRSParisFrance
| | - Christine Andraud
- Centre de Recherche sur la Conservation (CRC), CNRS, MNHN, Ministère de la CultureParisFrance
| | - Doris Gomez
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), CNRS, Univ MontpellierMontpellierFrance
| | - Marianne Elias
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), CNRS, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Université des AntillesParisFrance
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11
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Chang B, Zhao D, Sun H. Quasi-Random Gratings Enabled by Wrinkled Photoresist Surfaces on a Rigid Substrate. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:49535-49541. [PMID: 34617732 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c15454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Micro- and nanoscale surface wrinkling has been widely studied in artificial systems, mostly in soft substrates like polydimethylsiloxane or polystyrene, where the wrinkling dynamics are triggered by thermal stresses or tensile prestrains. Here, we introduce a new wrinkling regime based on photoresist layers on top of a rigid substrate. By introducing a bending deformation, combined with fluorine-based plasma treatment, wrinkles with a characteristic wavelength less than 1 μm can be created. By adding micropatterns on photoresists with standard UV exposure, ordered wrinkles can also be realized. This technique is demonstrated to be applicable in several commercially available photoresists, and the wrinkled patterns can be employed conveniently to create high-aspect-ratio silicon gratings and large-area silicon dioxide membranes. This unique strategy broadens the spectrum of available materials to create wrinkled surfaces in a controllable manner and provides a platform for the easier fabrication of wrinkle-based devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingdong Chang
- DTU Nanolab, Technical University of Denmark, Ørsteds Plads, Building 347, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ding Zhao
- Key Laboratory of 3D Micro/Nano Fabrication and Characterization of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hongyu Sun
- DENSsolutions B. V., Informaticalaan 12, Informaticalaan 12, 2628 ZD Delft, Holland, The Netherlands
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12
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Politi Y, Bertinetti L, Fratzl P, Barth FG. The spider cuticle: a remarkable material toolbox for functional diversity. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2021; 379:20200332. [PMID: 34334021 PMCID: PMC8326826 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2020.0332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Engineered systems are typically based on a large variety of materials differing in composition and processing to provide the desired functionality. Nature, however, has evolved materials that are used for a wide range of functional challenges with minimal compositional changes. The exoskeletal cuticle of spiders, as well as of other arthropods such as insects and crustaceans, is based on a combination of chitin, protein, water and small amounts of organic cross-linkers or minerals. Spiders use it to obtain mechanical support structures and lever systems for locomotion, protection from adverse environmental influences, tools for piercing, cutting and interlocking, auxiliary structures for the transmission and filtering of sensory information, structural colours, transparent lenses for light manipulation and more. This paper illustrates the 'design space' of a single type of composite with varying internal architecture and its remarkable capability to serve a diversity of functions. This article is part of the theme issue 'Bio-derived and bioinspired sustainable advanced materials for emerging technologies (part 1)'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Politi
- B CUBE - Center for Molecular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Luca Bertinetti
- B CUBE - Center for Molecular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Peter Fratzl
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Friedrich G. Barth
- Department of Neurosciences and Developmental Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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13
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Büscher TH, Gorb SN. Physical constraints lead to parallel evolution of micro- and nanostructures of animal adhesive pads: a review. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 12:725-743. [PMID: 34354900 PMCID: PMC8290099 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.12.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Adhesive pads are functional systems with specific micro- and nanostructures which evolved as a response to specific environmental conditions and therefore exhibit convergent traits. The functional constraints that shape systems for the attachment to a surface are general requirements. Different strategies to solve similar problems often follow similar physical principles, hence, the morphology of attachment devices is affected by physical constraints. This resulted in two main types of attachment devices in animals: hairy and smooth. They differ in morphology and ultrastructure but achieve mechanical adaptation to substrates with different roughness and maximise the actual contact area with them. Species-specific environmental surface conditions resulted in different solutions for the specific ecological surroundings of different animals. As the conditions are similar in discrete environments unrelated to the group of animals, the micro- and nanostructural adaptations of the attachment systems of different animal groups reveal similar mechanisms. Consequently, similar attachment organs evolved in a convergent manner and different attachment solutions can occur within closely related lineages. In this review, we present a summary of the literature on structural and functional principles of attachment pads with a special focus on insects, describe micro- and nanostructures, surface patterns, origin of different pads and their evolution, discuss the material properties (elasticity, viscoelasticity, adhesion, friction) and basic physical forces contributing to adhesion, show the influence of different factors, such as substrate roughness and pad stiffness, on contact forces, and review the chemical composition of pad fluids, which is an important component of an adhesive function. Attachment systems are omnipresent in animals. We show parallel evolution of attachment structures on micro- and nanoscales at different phylogenetic levels, focus on insects as the largest animal group on earth, and subsequently zoom into the attachment pads of the stick and leaf insects (Phasmatodea) to explore convergent evolution of attachment pads at even smaller scales. Since convergent events might be potentially interesting for engineers as a kind of optimal solution by nature, the biomimetic implications of the discussed results are briefly presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thies H Büscher
- Department of Functional Morphology and Biomechanics, Institute of Zoology, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 9, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Stanislav N Gorb
- Department of Functional Morphology and Biomechanics, Institute of Zoology, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 9, 24118 Kiel, Germany
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14
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Kryuchkov M, Savitsky V, Wilts BD, Gray E, Katanaev VL. Light Polarization by Biological Nanocoatings. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:23481-23488. [PMID: 33974394 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c05049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Light plays paramount functions for living beings in nature. In addition to color, the polarization of light is used by many animals for navigation and communication. In this study, we describe the light polarizing role of special nanostructures coating cuticular surfaces of diverse arthropods. These structures are built as parallel nanoscale ridges covering the eyes of the sunlight-navigating spider Drassodes lapidosus and of the water pond-swarming black fly Simulium vittatum, as well as the light-emitting abdominal lantern of the firefly Aquatica lateralis. Exact topography and dimensions of the parallel nanoridges provide different light polarizing efficiencies and wavelength sensitivity. Optical modeling confirms that the nanoscale ridges are responsible for the spectral polarization dependency. Co-opting from our recent work on the self-assembly of Drosophila corneal nanostructures, we engineer arthropod-like parallel nanoridges on artificial surfaces, which recapitulate the light polarization effects. Our work highlights the fundamental importance of nanocoatings in arthropods for the light polarization management and provides a new biomimetic approach to produce ordered nanostructures under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Kryuchkov
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, CMU, Rue Michel Servet 1, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Vladimir Savitsky
- Zoological Museum of the Lomonosov Moscow State University, Bol'shaya Nikitskaya str. 2, Moscow 125009, Russian Federation
| | - Bodo D Wilts
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Elmer Gray
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Biological Sciences Building 413, Georgia 30602 Athens, United States
| | - Vladimir L Katanaev
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, CMU, Rue Michel Servet 1, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Sukhanova Street 8, Vladivostok 690922, Russian Federation
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15
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Saranathan V, Finet C. Cellular and developmental basis of avian structural coloration. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2021; 69:56-64. [PMID: 33684846 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2021.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Vivid structural colors in birds are a conspicuous and vital part of their phenotype. They are produced by a rich diversity of integumentary photonic nanostructures in skin and feathers. Unlike pigmentary coloration, whose genetic basis is being elucidated, little is known regarding the pathways underpinning organismal structural coloration. Here, we review available data on the development of avian structural colors. In particular, feather photonic nanostructures are understood to be intracellularly self-assembled by physicochemical forces typically seen in soft colloidal systems. We identify promising avenues for future research that can address current knowledge gaps, which are also highly relevant for the sustainable engineering of advanced bioinspired and biomimetic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinodkumar Saranathan
- Division of Science, Yale-NUS College, 10 College Avenue West, 138609, Singapore; NUS Nanotechnology and Nanoscience Initiative, National University of Singapore, 117581, Singapore.
| | - Cédric Finet
- Division of Science, Yale-NUS College, 10 College Avenue West, 138609, Singapore
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16
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Varija
Raghu S, Thamankar R. A Comparative Study of Crystallography and Defect Structure of Corneal Nipple Array in Daphnis nerii Moth and Papilio polytes Butterfly Eye. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:23662-23671. [PMID: 32984686 PMCID: PMC7512438 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c02314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Moth and butterfly ommatidial nanostructures have been extensively studied for their anti-reflective properties. Especially, from the point of view of sub-wavelength anti-reflection phenomena, the moth eye structures are the archetype example. Here, a comparative analysis of corneal nipples in moth eye (both Male and Female) and butterfly eye (both Male and Female) is given. The surface of moth(Male and Female) and butterfly(Male and Female) eye is defined with regularly arranged hexagonal facets filled with corneal nipples. A detailed analysis using high-resolution scanning electron microscopy images show the intricate hexagonal arrangement of corneal nipples within the individual hexagonal facet. Individual nipples in moth are circular with an average diameter of about 140/165 nm (Male/Female) and average internipple separation of 165 nm. The moth eye show the ordered arrangement of the corneal nipples and the butterfly eye (Male/Female) show an even more complex arrangement of the nipples. Structurally, the corneal nipples in both male and female butterflies are not circular but are polygons with 5, 6, and 7 sides. The average center-to-center separation in the butterfly(Male/Female) is about 260 nm/204 nm, respectively. We find that these corneal nipples are organized into much more dense hexagonal packing with the internipple (edge-to-edge) separation ranging from 20 to 25 nm. Each hexagonal facet is divided into multiple grains separated by boundaries spanning one or two crystallographic defects. These defects are seen in both moth and butterfly. These are typical 5-coordinated and 7-coordinated defect sites typical for a solid-state material with the hexagonal atomic arrangement. Even though the isolated defects are a rarity, interwoven (7-5) defects form a grain boundary between perfectly ordered grains. These defects introduce a low-angle dislocation, and a detailed analysis of the defects is done. The butterfly eye (Male/Female) is defined with extremely high-density corneal nipple with no apparent grains. Each corneal nipple is a polygon with "n" sides (n = 5, 6, and 7). While the 5- and 7-coordinated defects exist, they do not initiate a grain rotation as seen in the moth eyes. To find out the similarity and the difference in the reflectivity of these nanostructured surfaces, we used the effective medium theory and calculated the reflectivity in moth and butterfly eyes. From this simple analysis, we find that females have better anti-reflective properties compared to the males in both moth and butterfly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamprasad Varija
Raghu
- Neurogenetics
Lab, Dept of Applied Zoology, Mangalore
University, Mangalagangothri, Karnataka, India 574199
| | - R. Thamankar
- Department
of Physics, School of Advanced Sciences, VIT, Vellore, Tamilnadu, India 632014
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17
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Reverse and forward engineering of Drosophila corneal nanocoatings. Nature 2020; 585:383-389. [PMID: 32939070 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2707-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Insect eyes have an anti-reflective coating, owing to nanostructures on the corneal surface creating a gradient of refractive index between that of air and that of the lens material1,2. These nanocoatings have also been shown to provide anti-adhesive functionality3. The morphology of corneal nanocoatings are very diverse in arthropods, with nipple-like structures that can be organized into arrays or fused into ridge-like structures4. This diversity can be attributed to a reaction-diffusion mechanism4 and patterning principles developed by Alan Turing5, which have applications in numerous biological settings6. The nanocoatings on insect corneas are one example of such Turing patterns, and the first known example of nanoscale Turing patterns4. Here we demonstrate a clear link between the morphology and function of the nanocoatings on Drosophila corneas. We find that nanocoatings that consist of individual protrusions have better anti-reflective properties, whereas partially merged structures have better anti-adhesion properties. We use biochemical analysis and genetic modification techniques to reverse engineer the protein Retinin and corneal waxes as the building blocks of the nanostructures. In the context of Turing patterns, these building blocks fulfil the roles of activator and inhibitor, respectively. We then establish low-cost production of Retinin, and mix this synthetic protein with waxes to forward engineer various artificial nanocoatings with insect-like morphology and anti-adhesive or anti-reflective function. Our combined reverse- and forward-engineering approach thus provides a way to economically produce functional nanostructured coatings from biodegradable materials.
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18
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Filippov AE, Kovalev A, Gorb SN. Numerical simulation of the pattern formation of the springtail cuticle nanostructures. J R Soc Interface 2019; 15:rsif.2018.0217. [PMID: 30089687 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2018.0217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Springtails (Collembola) are known to exhibit complex hierarchical nanostructures of their exoskeleton surface that repels water and other fluids with remarkable efficiency. These nanostructures were previously widely studied due to their structure, chemistry and fluid-repelling properties. These ultrastructural and chemical studies revealed the involvement of different components in different parts of the nanopattern, but the overall process of self-assembly into the complex rather regular structures observed remains unclear. Here, we model this process from a theoretical point of view partially using solutions related to the so-called Tammes problem. By using densities of three different reacting substances, we obtained a typical morphology that is highly similar to the ones observed on the cuticle of some springtail species. These results are important not only for our understanding of the formation of hierarchical nanoscale structures in nature, but also for the fabrication of novel surface coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Filippov
- Functional Morphology and Biomechanics, Zoological Institute, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten, 1-9, 24118 Kiel, Germany .,Donetsk Institute for Physics and Engineering, NASU, Donetsk, Ukraine
| | - A Kovalev
- Functional Morphology and Biomechanics, Zoological Institute, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten, 1-9, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - S N Gorb
- Functional Morphology and Biomechanics, Zoological Institute, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten, 1-9, 24118 Kiel, Germany
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19
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Büscher TH, Kryuchkov M, Katanaev VL, Gorb SN. Versatility of Turing patterns potentiates rapid evolution in tarsal attachment microstructures of stick and leaf insects (Phasmatodea). J R Soc Interface 2019; 15:rsif.2018.0281. [PMID: 29925583 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2018.0281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In its evolution, the diverse group of stick and leaf insects (Phasmatodea) has undergone a rapid radiation. These insects evolved specialized structures to adhere to different surfaces typical for their specific ecological environments. The cuticle of their tarsal attachment pads (euplantulae) is known to possess a high diversity of attachment microstructures (AMS) which are suggested to reflect ecological specializations of different groups within phasmids. However, the origin of these microstructures and their developmental background remain largely unknown. Here, based on the detailed scanning electron microscopy study of pad surfaces, we present a theoretical approach to mathematically model an outstanding diversity of phasmid AMS using the reaction-diffusion model by Alan Turing. In general, this model explains pattern formation in nature. For the first time, we were able to identify eight principal patterns and simulate the transitions among these. In addition, intermediate transitional patterns were predicted by the model. The ease of transformation suggests a high adaptability of the microstructures that might explain the rapid evolution of pad characters. We additionally discuss the functional morphology of the different microstructures and their assumed advantages in the context of the ecological background of species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thies H Büscher
- Department of Functional Morphology and Biomechanics, Zoological Institute, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Mikhail Kryuchkov
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vladimir L Katanaev
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Stanislav N Gorb
- Department of Functional Morphology and Biomechanics, Zoological Institute, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
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20
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Spalding A, Shanks K, Bennie J, Potter U, Ffrench-Constant R. Optical Modelling and Phylogenetic Analysis Provide Clues to the Likely Function of Corneal Nipple Arrays in Butterflies and Moths. INSECTS 2019; 10:insects10090262. [PMID: 31443396 PMCID: PMC6780202 DOI: 10.3390/insects10090262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The lenses in compound eyes of butterflies and moths contain an array of nipple-shaped protuberances, or corneal nipples. Previous work has suggested that these nipples increase light transmittance and reduce the eye glare of moths that are inactive during the day. This work builds on but goes further than earlier analyses suggesting a functional role for these structures including, for the first time, an explanation of why moths are attracted to UV light. Using a phylogenetic approach and 3D optical modelling, we show empirically that these arrays have been independently lost from different groups of moths and butterflies and vary within families. We find differences in the shape of nipples between nocturnal and diurnal species, and that anti-glow reflectance levels are different at different wave-lengths, a result thereby contradicting the currently accepted theory of eye glow for predator avoidance. We find that there is reduced reflectance, and hence greater photon absorption, at UV light, which is probably a reason why moths are attracted to UV. We note that the effective refractive index at the end of the nipples is very close to the refractive index of water, allowing almost all the species with nipples to see without distortion when the eye is partially or completely wet and providing the potential to keep eyes dry. These observations provide a functional explanation for these arrays. Of special interest is the finding that their repeated and independent loss across lepidopteran phylogeny is inconsistent with the explanation that they are being lost in the ‘higher’, more active butterflies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Spalding
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter in Cornwall, Penryn Campus, Penryn TR10 9FE, UK.
- Spalding Associates (Environmental) Ltd., 10 Walsingham Place, Truro TR1 2RP, UK.
| | - Katie Shanks
- Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter Penryn Campus, Penryn TR10 9FE, UK
| | - Jon Bennie
- Centre for Geography and Environmental Science, Peter Lanyon Building, Penryn Campus, Treliever Road, Penryn, Cornwall, PenrynTR10 9FE, UK
| | - Ursula Potter
- Microscopy & Analysis Suite, Faculty of Science, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Richard Ffrench-Constant
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter in Cornwall, Penryn Campus, Penryn TR10 9FE, UK
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21
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Response of Saos-2 osteoblast-like cells to laser surface texturing, sandblasting and hydroxyapatite coating on CoCrMo alloy surfaces. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 98:1005-1013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.01.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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22
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Carter NA, Grove TZ. Functional protein materials: beyond elastomeric and structural proteins. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py00337a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the past two decades researchers have shown great interest in mimicking biological structures and their complex structure–property relationships. Herein we highlight examples of hydrogels and bioelectronic materials that illustrate the rational design of material properties and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan A. Carter
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- University of Minnesota
- Minneapolis
- USA
| | - Tijana Z. Grove
- Department of Chemistry
- Virginia Tech
- Blacksburg
- USA
- Zarkovic Grove Consulting
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23
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Ichimiya H, Takinoue M, Fukui A, Miura K, Yoshimura T, Ashida A, Fujimura N, Kiriya D. Tuning Transition-Metal Dichalcogenide Field-Effect Transistors by Spontaneous Pattern Formation of an Ultrathin Molecular Dopant Film. ACS NANO 2018; 12:10123-10129. [PMID: 30216040 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b04914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Spontaneous pattern formation is an energetically favorable process and is shown in nature in molecular-scale assembly, biological association, and soft material organizations. The opposite regime, the artificial process, which is widely applied to the fabrication of semiconducting devices, such as lithographic techniques, requires enormous amounts of energy. Here, we propose a concept of tuning the properties of semiconducting MoS2 and WSe2 devices using the spontaneous pattern formation of adjacent molecular films. The film used was a 10 nm thick ultrathin film of a molecular electron dopant, which exhibited spontaneous pattern formation and dynamically transformed the morphology of tiny holes, a network, a maze, and dots on substrates, including SiO2, MoS2, and WSe2. These patterns were exhibited only when the film came in contact with water and was tuned with temperature and time. The specific lengths of the patterns were less than 200 nm, which is sufficiently smaller than the exfoliated ∼10 μm semiconducting MoS2 and WSe2 flakes. The properties of the field-effect devices of MoS2 and WSe2 were found to be modified according to the pattern formation process of the ultrathin molecular film on the device. This concept applies the spontaneous patterning phenomena shown in nature to the fabrication and optimization of electronic devices by using molecular films and their responses to the external environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisashi Ichimiya
- Department of Physics and Electronics , Osaka Prefecture University , 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai-shi, Osaka 599-8531 , Japan
| | - Masahiro Takinoue
- Department of Computer Science , Tokyo Institute of Technology , Yokohama 152-8550 , Japan
| | - Akito Fukui
- Department of Physics and Electronics , Osaka Prefecture University , 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai-shi, Osaka 599-8531 , Japan
| | - Kohei Miura
- Department of Physics and Electronics , Osaka Prefecture University , 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai-shi, Osaka 599-8531 , Japan
| | - Takeshi Yoshimura
- Department of Physics and Electronics , Osaka Prefecture University , 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai-shi, Osaka 599-8531 , Japan
| | - Atsushi Ashida
- Department of Physics and Electronics , Osaka Prefecture University , 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai-shi, Osaka 599-8531 , Japan
| | - Norifumi Fujimura
- Department of Physics and Electronics , Osaka Prefecture University , 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai-shi, Osaka 599-8531 , Japan
| | - Daisuke Kiriya
- Department of Physics and Electronics , Osaka Prefecture University , 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai-shi, Osaka 599-8531 , Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) , 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012 , Japan
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24
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Dai J, Kong N, Lu Y, Yuan Y, Wu Q, Shi M, Zhang S, Wu Y, Peng W, Huang P, Chen X, Gong J, Yao Y. Bioinspired Conical Micropattern Modulates Cell Behaviors. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2018; 1:1416-1423. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.8b00362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Dai
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Science, 1295 Dingxi Road, Changning, Shanghai 200050, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Shijingshan, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Na Kong
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yi Lu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yangyang Yuan
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Institute of Insect Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, China
| | - Min Shi
- Institute of Insect Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, China
| | - Siyi Zhang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yuzhe Wu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Wenbo Peng
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Pengyu Huang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Xuexin Chen
- Institute of Insect Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinkang Gong
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yuan Yao
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China
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Schroeder TBH, Houghtaling J, Wilts BD, Mayer M. It's Not a Bug, It's a Feature: Functional Materials in Insects. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1705322. [PMID: 29517829 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201705322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Over the course of their wildly successful proliferation across the earth, the insects as a taxon have evolved enviable adaptations to their diverse habitats, which include adhesives, locomotor systems, hydrophobic surfaces, and sensors and actuators that transduce mechanical, acoustic, optical, thermal, and chemical signals. Insect-inspired designs currently appear in a range of contexts, including antireflective coatings, optical displays, and computing algorithms. However, as over one million distinct and highly specialized species of insects have colonized nearly all habitable regions on the planet, they still provide a largely untapped pool of unique problem-solving strategies. With the intent of providing materials scientists and engineers with a muse for the next generation of bioinspired materials, here, a selection of some of the most spectacular adaptations that insects have evolved is assembled and organized by function. The insects presented display dazzling optical properties as a result of natural photonic crystals, precise hierarchical patterns that span length scales from nanometers to millimeters, and formidable defense mechanisms that deploy an arsenal of chemical weaponry. Successful mimicry of these adaptations may facilitate technological solutions to as wide a range of problems as they solve in the insects that originated them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas B H Schroeder
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2300 Hayward Street, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Jared Houghtaling
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2200 Bonisteel Boulevard, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Bodo D Wilts
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Michael Mayer
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
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26
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Chandran R, Nowlin K, LaJeunesse DR. Nanosphere Lithography of Chitin and Chitosan with Colloidal and Self-Masking Patterning. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:218. [PMID: 30245868 PMCID: PMC6148760 DOI: 10.3390/polym10020218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Complex surface topographies control, define, and determine the properties of insect cuticles. In some cases, these nanostructured materials are a direct extension of chitin-based cuticles. The cellular mechanisms that generate these elaborate chitin-based structures are unknown, and involve complicated cellular and biochemical "bottom-up" processes. We demonstrated that a synthetic "top-down" fabrication technique-nanosphere lithography-generates surfaces of chitin or chitosan that mimic the arrangement of nanostructures found on the surface of certain insect wings and eyes. Chitin and chitosan are flexible and biocompatible abundant natural polymers, and are a sustainable resource. The fabrication of nanostructured chitin and chitosan materials enables the development of new biopolymer materials. Finally, we demonstrated that another property of chitin and chitosan-the ability to self-assemble nanosilver particles-enables a novel and powerful new tool for the nanosphere lithographic method: the ability to generate a self-masking thin film. The scalability of the nanosphere lithographic technique is a major limitation; however, the silver nanoparticle self-masking enables a one-step thin-film cast or masking process, which can be used to generate nanostructured surfaces over a wide range of surfaces and areas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dennis R. LaJeunesse
- Department of Nanoscience, Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27401, USA; (R.C.); (K.N.)
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27
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Tadepalli S, Slocik JM, Gupta MK, Naik RR, Singamaneni S. Bio-Optics and Bio-Inspired Optical Materials. Chem Rev 2017; 117:12705-12763. [PMID: 28937748 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Through the use of the limited materials palette, optimally designed micro- and nanostructures, and tightly regulated processes, nature demonstrates exquisite control of light-matter interactions at various length scales. In fact, control of light-matter interactions is an important element in the evolutionary arms race and has led to highly engineered optical materials and systems. In this review, we present a detailed summary of various optical effects found in nature with a particular emphasis on the materials and optical design aspects responsible for their optical functionality. Using several representative examples, we discuss various optical phenomena, including absorption and transparency, diffraction, interference, reflection and antireflection, scattering, light harvesting, wave guiding and lensing, camouflage, and bioluminescence, that are responsible for the unique optical properties of materials and structures found in nature and biology. Great strides in understanding the design principles adapted by nature have led to a tremendous progress in realizing biomimetic and bioinspired optical materials and photonic devices. We discuss the various micro- and nanofabrication techniques that have been employed for realizing advanced biomimetic optical structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirimuvva Tadepalli
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | | | | | | | - Srikanth Singamaneni
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
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28
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Davies J. Using synthetic biology to explore principles of development. Development 2017; 144:1146-1158. [PMID: 28351865 DOI: 10.1242/dev.144196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Developmental biology is mainly analytical: researchers study embryos, suggest hypotheses and test them through experimental perturbation. From the results of many experiments, the community distils the principles thought to underlie embryogenesis. Verifying these principles, however, is a challenge. One promising approach is to use synthetic biology techniques to engineer simple genetic or cellular systems that follow these principles and to see whether they perform as expected. As I review here, this approach has already been used to test ideas of patterning, differentiation and morphogenesis. It is also being applied to evo-devo studies to explore alternative mechanisms of development and 'roads not taken' by natural evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Davies
- Centre for Integrative Physiology, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9XB, UK
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Kryuchkov M, Lehmann J, Schaab J, Cherepanov V, Blagodatski A, Fiebig M, Katanaev VL. Alternative moth-eye nanostructures: antireflective properties and composition of dimpled corneal nanocoatings in silk-moth ancestors. J Nanobiotechnology 2017; 15:61. [PMID: 28877691 PMCID: PMC5588701 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-017-0297-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Moth-eye nanostructures are a well-known example of biological antireflective surfaces formed by pseudoregular arrays of nipples and are often used as a template for biomimetic materials. Here, we provide morphological characterization of corneal nanostructures of moths from the Bombycidae family, including strains of domesticated Bombyx mori silk-moth, its wild ancestor Bombyx mandarina, and a more distantly related Apatelodes torrefacta. We find high diversification of the nanostructures and strong antireflective properties they provide. Curiously, the nano-dimple pattern of B. mandarina is found to reduce reflectance as efficiently as the nanopillars of A. torrefacta. Access to genome sequence of Bombyx further permitted us to pinpoint corneal proteins, likely contributing to formation of the antireflective nanocoatings. These findings open the door to bioengineering of nanostructures with novel properties, as well as invite industry to expand traditional moth-eye nanocoatings with the alternative ones described here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Kryuchkov
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 27, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jannis Lehmann
- Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jakob Schaab
- Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Vsevolod Cherepanov
- School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Sukhanova Street 8, Vladivostok, 690922, Russian Federation
| | - Artem Blagodatski
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 27, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland.,School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Sukhanova Street 8, Vladivostok, 690922, Russian Federation
| | - Manfred Fiebig
- Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Vladimir L Katanaev
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 27, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland. .,School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Sukhanova Street 8, Vladivostok, 690922, Russian Federation.
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30
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Kryuchkov M, Lehmann J, Schaab J, Fiebig M, Katanaev VL. Antireflective nanocoatings for UV-sensation: the case of predatory owlfly insects. J Nanobiotechnology 2017; 15:52. [PMID: 28705169 PMCID: PMC5513249 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-017-0287-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Moth-eye nanostructures, discovered to coat corneae of certain nocturnal insects, have inspired numerous technological applications to reduce light reflectance from solar cells, light-emitting diodes, and optical detectors. Technological developments require such nanocoatings to possess broadband antireflective properties, transcending the visual light spectrum, in which animals typically operate. Here we describe the corneal nanostructures of the visual organ exclusive in UV sensation of the hunting insect Libelloides macaronius and report their supreme anti-light-reflectance capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Kryuchkov
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 27, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jannis Lehmann
- Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jakob Schaab
- Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Manfred Fiebig
- Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Vladimir L Katanaev
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 27, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland. .,School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Sukhanova Street 8, Vladivostok, 690922, Russian Federation.
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31
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Tikhomirov G, Petersen P, Qian L. Programmable disorder in random DNA tilings. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 12:251-259. [PMID: 27893729 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2016.256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Scaling up the complexity and diversity of synthetic molecular structures will require strategies that exploit the inherent stochasticity of molecular systems in a controlled fashion. Here we demonstrate a framework for programming random DNA tilings and show how to control the properties of global patterns through simple, local rules. We constructed three general forms of planar network-random loops, mazes and trees-on the surface of self-assembled DNA origami arrays on the micrometre scale with nanometre resolution. Using simple molecular building blocks and robust experimental conditions, we demonstrate control of a wide range of properties of the random networks, including the branching rules, the growth directions, the proximity between adjacent networks and the size distribution. Much as combinatorial approaches for generating random one-dimensional chains of polymers have been used to revolutionize chemical synthesis and the selection of functional nucleic acids, our strategy extends these principles to random two-dimensional networks of molecules and creates new opportunities for fabricating more complex molecular devices that are organized by DNA nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grigory Tikhomirov
- Department of Bioengineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Philip Petersen
- Department of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Lulu Qian
- Department of Bioengineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
- Department of Computer Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
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Pringle RM, Tarnita CE. Spatial Self-Organization of Ecosystems: Integrating Multiple Mechanisms of Regular-Pattern Formation. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY 2017; 62:359-377. [PMID: 28141964 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-031616-035413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Large-scale regular vegetation patterns are common in nature, but their causes are disputed. Whereas recent theory focuses on scale-dependent feedbacks as a potentially universal mechanism, earlier studies suggest that many regular spatial patterns result from territorial interference competition between colonies of social-insect ecosystem engineers, leading to hexagonally overdispersed nest sites and associated vegetation. Evidence for this latter mechanism is scattered throughout decades of disparate literature and lacks a unified conceptual framework, fueling skepticism about its generality in debates over the origins of patterned landscapes. We review these mechanisms and debates, finding evidence that spotted and gapped vegetation patterns generated by ants, termites, and other subterranean animals are globally widespread, locally important for ecosystem functioning, and consistent with models of intraspecific territoriality. Because these and other mechanisms of regular-pattern formation are not mutually exclusive and can coexist and interact at different scales, the prevailing theoretical outlook on spatial self-organization in ecology must expand to incorporate the dynamic interplay of multiple processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Pringle
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544; ,
| | - Corina E Tarnita
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544; ,
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33
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Li KL, Zhang YH, Xing R, Zhou YF, Chen XD, Wang H, Song B, Sima YH, He Y, Xu SQ. Different toxicity of cadmium telluride, silicon, and carbon nanomaterials against hemocytes in silkworm, Bombyx mori. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra09622d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to CdTe QDs, SiNPs, or C–NCDs exerted different toxic effects on silkworm hemocytes via the induction of different PCD processes.
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34
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Arthropod Corneal Nanocoatings: Diversity, Mechanisms, and Functions. BIOLOGICALLY-INSPIRED SYSTEMS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-74144-4_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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35
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Minami R, Sato C, Yamahama Y, Kubo H, Hariyama T, Kimura KI. An RNAi Screen for Genes Involved in Nanoscale Protrusion Formation on Corneal Lens in Drosophila melanogaster. Zoolog Sci 2016; 33:583-591. [PMID: 27927092 DOI: 10.2108/zs160105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The "moth-eye" structure, which is observed on the surface of corneal lens in several insects, supports anti-reflective and self-cleaning functions due to nanoscale protrusions known as corneal nipples. Although the morphology and function of the "moth-eye" structure, are relatively well studied, the mechanism of protrusion formation from cell-secreted substances is unknown. In Drosophila melanogaster, a compound eye consists of approximately 800 facets, the surface of which is formed by the corneal lens with nanoscale protrusions. In the present study, we sought to identify genes involved in "moth-eye" structure, formation in order to elucidate the developmental mechanism of the protrusions in Drosophila. We re-examined the aberrant patterns in classical glossy-eye mutants by scanning electron microscope and classified the aberrant patterns into groups. Next, we screened genes encoding putative structural cuticular proteins and genes involved in cuticular formation using eye specific RNAi silencing methods combined with the Gal4/UAS expression system. We identified 12 of 100 candidate genes, such as cuticular proteins family genes (Cuticular protein 23B and Cuticular protein 49Ah), cuticle secretion-related genes (Syntaxin 1A and Sec61 ββ subunit), ecdysone signaling and biosynthesis-related genes (Ecdysone receptor, Blimp-1, and shroud), and genes involved in cell polarity/cell architecture (Actin 5C, shotgun, armadillo, discs large1, and coracle). Although some of the genes we identified may affect corneal protrusion formation indirectly through general patterning defects in eye formation, these initial findings have encouraged us to more systematically explore the precise mechanisms underlying the formation of nanoscale protrusions in Drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryunosuke Minami
- 1 Laboratory of Biology, Hokkaido University of Education, Sapporo Campus, Sapporo 002-8502, Japan
| | - Chiaki Sato
- 1 Laboratory of Biology, Hokkaido University of Education, Sapporo Campus, Sapporo 002-8502, Japan
| | - Yumi Yamahama
- 2 Department of Biology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
| | - Hideo Kubo
- 3 Department of Mathematics, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Takahiko Hariyama
- 2 Department of Biology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Kimura
- 1 Laboratory of Biology, Hokkaido University of Education, Sapporo Campus, Sapporo 002-8502, Japan
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36
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Lee KC, Yu Q, Erb U. Mesostructure of Ordered Corneal Nano-nipple Arrays: The Role of 5-7 Coordination Defects. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28342. [PMID: 27329065 PMCID: PMC4916435 DOI: 10.1038/srep28342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Corneal nano-nipple structures consisting of hexagonally arranged protrusions with diameters around 200 nm have long been known for their antireflection capability and have served as biological blueprint for solar cell, optical lens and other surface designs. However, little is known about the global arrangement of these nipples on the ommatidial surface and their growth during the eye development. This study provides new insights based on the analysis of nano-nipple arrangements on the mesoscale across entire ommatidia, which has never been done before. The most important feature in the nipple structures are topological 5- and 7-fold coordination defects, which align to form dislocations and interconnected networks of grain boundaries that divide the ommatidia into crystalline domains in different orientations. Furthermore, the domain size distribution might be log-normal, and the domains demonstrate no preference in crystal orientation. Both observations suggest that the nipple growth process may be similar to the nucleation and growth mechanisms during the formation of other crystal structures. Our results are also consistent with the most recently proposed Turing-type reaction-diffusion process. In fact, we were able to produce the key structural characteristics of the nipple arrangements using Turing analysis from the nucleation to the final structure development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken C Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, 184 College St. Toronto, Ontario, M5S3E4, Canada
| | - Qi Yu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, 184 College St. Toronto, Ontario, M5S3E4, Canada
| | - Uwe Erb
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, 184 College St. Toronto, Ontario, M5S3E4, Canada
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37
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Sayyid F, Kalvala S. On the importance of modelling the internal spatial dynamics of biological cells. Biosystems 2016; 145:53-66. [PMID: 27262415 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2016.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Spatial effects such as cell shape have very often been considered negligible in models of cellular pathways, and many existing simulation infrastructures do not take such effects into consideration. Recent experimental results are reversing this judgement by showing that very small spatial variations can make a big difference in the fate of a cell. This is particularly the case when considering eukaryotic cells, which have a complex physical structure and many subtle control mechanisms, but bacteria are also interesting for the huge variation in shape both between species and in different phases of their lifecycle. In this work we perform simulations that measure the effect of three common bacterial shapes on the behaviour of model cellular pathways. To perform these experiments we develop ReDi-Cell, a highly scalable GPGPU cell simulation infrastructure for the modelling of cellular pathways in spatially detailed environments. ReDi-Cell is validated against known-good simulations, prior to its use in new work. We then use ReDi-Cell to conduct novel experiments that demonstrate the effect that three common bacterial shapes (Cocci, Bacilli and Spirilli) have on the behaviour of model cellular pathways. Pathway wavefront shape, pathway concentration gradients, and chemical species distribution are measured in the three different shapes. We also quantify the impact of internal cellular clutter on the same pathways. Through this work we show that variations in the shape or configuration of these common cell shapes alter model cell behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faiz Sayyid
- Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, West Midlands, United Kingdom.
| | - Sara Kalvala
- Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, West Midlands, United Kingdom.
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38
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Lee KC, Erb U. Remarkable crystal and defect structures in butterfly eye nano-nipple arrays. ARTHROPOD STRUCTURE & DEVELOPMENT 2015; 44:587-594. [PMID: 26342423 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2015.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The corneal nipple structures on the eyes of two nymphalid butterfly species (Nymphalis antiopa and Polygonia interrogationis) are analyzed in terms of nipple arrangements and associated defects. The nipple arrays in both species have close-packed hexagonal lattices with lattice parameters of about 200 nm. The most abundant defects observed are 5-7 coordination defects that generate dislocations, dislocation-type low angle and structural unit-like high angle grain boundaries, as well as closed-loop defects. These disordered structures are compared with imperfections found in other 2D and 3D crystal structures, and it is concluded that the defects in the nipple arrays are likely not due to random growth accidents. Instead, they could be the result of geometric constraints due to eye curvature or serve a yet undiscovered purpose in the optical properties of these eyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken C Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, 184 College St. Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S3E4
| | - Uwe Erb
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, 184 College St. Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S3E4.
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Sergeev A, Timchenko AA, Kryuchkov M, Blagodatski A, Enin GA, Katanaev VL. Origin of order in bionanostructures. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra10103d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Analysis of corneal nanocoatings across insect species provides clues to the origin of order in the bionanoworld.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Sergeev
- Institute of Mathematical Problems of Biology
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- Pushchino
- Russian Federation
| | | | - Mikhail Kryuchkov
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology
- University of Lausanne
- Lausanne
- Switzerland
| | - Artem Blagodatski
- Institute of Protein Research
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- Pushchino
- Russian Federation
| | - Gennadiy A. Enin
- Institute of Protein Research
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- Pushchino
- Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir L. Katanaev
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology
- University of Lausanne
- Lausanne
- Switzerland
- School of Biomedicine
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