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Wang X, Su M, Wang L, Zhou Y, Li N, Yang B. NEDD4 Like E3 Ubiquitin Protein Ligase Represses Astrocyte Activation and Aggravates Neuroinflammation in Mice with Depression via Paired Box 6 Ubiquitination. Neuroscience 2023; 530:144-157. [PMID: 37661017 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Astrocytes are implicated in stress-induced neuroinflammatory responses in depression. This paper was to explore the molecular mechanism of the E3 ubiquitin ligase NEDD4L (NEDD4 like E3 ubiquitin protein ligase) in depressed mice by regulating astrocyte activation, and to find a new target for depression. A mouse model of depression was established by CUMS (chronic mild unpredictable stress) in 48 6-week male C57BL/6 mice and injected with sh-NEDD4L vector for testing behavioral and cognitive abilities, histopathological changes, and the number of GFAP-positive cells. The mRNA and protein levels of NEDD4L, PAX6 (paired box 6) and P2X7R (purinergic ligand-gated ion channel 7 receptor) were measured. Inflammation model was established by lipopolysaccharide treatment of mouse astrocyte line C8-D1A and infected with sh-NEDD4L. After CUMS induction, mice showed depression-like symptoms, increased inflammatory infiltration, decreased glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-positive cells in brain tissue, and increased NEDD4L protein levels. NEDD4L inhibition increased GFAP-positive cells, increased PAX6 protein levels and decreased P2X7R mRNA and protein levels, and decreased inflammatory factor secretion in brain tissue and in vitro cells. PAX6 knockdown or P2X7R overexpression partially reversed the effects of NEDD4L inhibition on astrocyte activation and neuroinflammation. To conclude, highly-expressed NEDD4L in depression-like mouse brain inhibits astrocyte activation and exacerbates neuroinflammation by ubiquitinating PAX6 and promoting P2X7R level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an710000, China
| | - Mingming Su
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an710000, China
| | - Lesheng Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Yixuan Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an710000, China
| | - Bangkun Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
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Paşcalău R, Badea TC. Signaling - transcription interactions in mouse retinal ganglion cells early axon pathfinding -a literature review. FRONTIERS IN OPHTHALMOLOGY 2023; 3:1180142. [PMID: 38983012 PMCID: PMC11182120 DOI: 10.3389/fopht.2023.1180142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Sending an axon out of the eye and into the target brain nuclei is the defining feature of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). The literature on RGC axon pathfinding is vast, but it focuses mostly on decision making events such as midline crossing at the optic chiasm or retinotopic mapping at the target nuclei. In comparison, the exit of RGC axons out of the eye is much less explored. The first checkpoint on the RGC axons' path is the optic cup - optic stalk junction (OC-OS). OC-OS development and the exit of the RGC pioneer axons out of the eye are coordinated spatially and temporally. By the time the optic nerve head domain is specified, the optic fissure margins are in contact and the fusion process is ongoing, the first RGCs are born in its proximity and send pioneer axons in the optic stalk. RGC differentiation continues in centrifugal waves. Later born RGC axons fasciculate with the more mature axons. Growth cones at the end of the axons respond to guidance cues to adopt a centripetal direction, maintain nerve fiber layer restriction and to leave the optic cup. Although there is extensive information on OC-OS development, we still have important unanswered questions regarding its contribution to the exit of the RGC axons out of the eye. We are still to distinguish the morphogens of the OC-OS from the axon guidance molecules which are expressed in the same place at the same time. The early RGC transcription programs responsible for axon emergence and pathfinding are also unknown. This review summarizes the molecular mechanisms for early RGC axon guidance by contextualizing mouse knock-out studies on OC-OS development with the recent transcriptomic studies on developing RGCs in an attempt to contribute to the understanding of human optic nerve developmental anomalies. The published data summarized here suggests that the developing optic nerve head provides a physical channel (the closing optic fissure) as well as molecular guidance cues for the pioneer RGC axons to exit the eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raluca Paşcalău
- Research and Development Institute, Transilvania University of Braşov, Braşov, Romania
- Ophthalmology Clinic, Cluj County Emergency Hospital, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Tudor Constantin Badea
- Research and Development Institute, Transilvania University of Braşov, Braşov, Romania
- National Center for Brain Research, Institutul de Cercetări pentru Inteligență Artificială, Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
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Ismail T, Lee H, Kim Y, Ryu HY, Cho DH, Ryoo ZY, Lee DS, Kwon TK, Park TJ, Kwon T, Lee HS. PCNB exposure during early embryogenic development induces developmental delay and teratogenicity by altering the gene expression in Xenopus laevis. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2023; 38:216-224. [PMID: 36218123 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Pentachloronitrobenzene (PCNB) is an organochlorine fungicide commonly used to treat seeds against seedling infections and controlling snow mold on golf courses. PCNB has been demonstrated to be toxic to living organisms, including fish and several terrestrial organisms. However, only phenotypical deformities have been studied, and the effects of PCNB on early embryogenesis, where primary organogenesis occurs, have not been completely studied. In the current study, the developmental toxicity and teratogenicity of PCNB is evaluated by using frog embryo teratogenesis assay Xenopus (FETAX). Our results confirmed the teratogenic potential of PCNB revealing the teratogenic index of 1.29 during early embryogenesis. Morphological studies revealed tiny head, bent axis, reduced inter ocular distance, hyperpigmentation, and reduced total body lengths. Whole mount in situ hybridization and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction were used to identify PCNB teratogenic effects at the gene level. The gene expression analyses revealed that PCNB was embryotoxic to the liver and heart of developing embryos. Additionally, to determine the most sensitive developmental stages to PCNB, embryos were exposed to the compound at various developmental stages, demonstrating that the most sensitive developmental stage to PCNB is primary organogenesis. Taken together, we infer that PCNB's teratogenic potential affects not just the phenotype of developing embryos but also the associated genes and involving the oxidative stress as a possible mechanism of toxicity, posing a hazard to normal embryonic growth. However, the mechanisms of teratogenesis require additional extensive investigation to be defined completely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayaba Ismail
- KNU-Center for Nonlinear Dynamics, CMRI, School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Hongchan Lee
- KNU-Center for Nonlinear Dynamics, CMRI, School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Youni Kim
- KNU-Center for Nonlinear Dynamics, CMRI, School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Hong-Yeoul Ryu
- KNU-Center for Nonlinear Dynamics, CMRI, School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Dong-Hyung Cho
- KNU-Center for Nonlinear Dynamics, CMRI, School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Zae Young Ryoo
- KNU-Center for Nonlinear Dynamics, CMRI, School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Dong-Seok Lee
- KNU-Center for Nonlinear Dynamics, CMRI, School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Taeg Kyu Kwon
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Tae Joo Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Information-Bio Convergence, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Taejoon Kwon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Information-Bio Convergence, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Shik Lee
- KNU-Center for Nonlinear Dynamics, CMRI, School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
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Diacou R, Nandigrami P, Fiser A, Liu W, Ashery-Padan R, Cvekl A. Cell fate decisions, transcription factors and signaling during early retinal development. Prog Retin Eye Res 2022; 91:101093. [PMID: 35817658 PMCID: PMC9669153 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2022.101093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The development of the vertebrate eyes is a complex process starting from anterior-posterior and dorso-ventral patterning of the anterior neural tube, resulting in the formation of the eye field. Symmetrical separation of the eye field at the anterior neural plate is followed by two symmetrical evaginations to generate a pair of optic vesicles. Next, reciprocal invagination of the optic vesicles with surface ectoderm-derived lens placodes generates double-layered optic cups. The inner and outer layers of the optic cups develop into the neural retina and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), respectively. In vitro produced retinal tissues, called retinal organoids, are formed from human pluripotent stem cells, mimicking major steps of retinal differentiation in vivo. This review article summarizes recent progress in our understanding of early eye development, focusing on the formation the eye field, optic vesicles, and early optic cups. Recent single-cell transcriptomic studies are integrated with classical in vivo genetic and functional studies to uncover a range of cellular mechanisms underlying early eye development. The functions of signal transduction pathways and lineage-specific DNA-binding transcription factors are dissected to explain cell-specific regulatory mechanisms underlying cell fate determination during early eye development. The functions of homeodomain (HD) transcription factors Otx2, Pax6, Lhx2, Six3 and Six6, which are required for early eye development, are discussed in detail. Comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms of early eye development provides insight into the molecular and cellular basis of developmental ocular anomalies, such as optic cup coloboma. Lastly, modeling human development and inherited retinal diseases using stem cell-derived retinal organoids generates opportunities to discover novel therapies for retinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raven Diacou
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Prithviraj Nandigrami
- Department of Systems and Computational Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Andras Fiser
- Department of Systems and Computational Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Ruth Ashery-Padan
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Ales Cvekl
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
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Fang M, Zhang A, Du Y, Lu W, Wang J, Minze LJ, Cox TC, Li XC, Xing J, Zhang Z. TRIM18 is a critical regulator of viral myocarditis and organ inflammation. J Biomed Sci 2022; 29:55. [PMID: 35909127 PMCID: PMC9339186 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-022-00840-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Infections by viruses including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 could cause organ inflammations such as myocarditis, pneumonia and encephalitis. Innate immunity to viral nucleic acids mediates antiviral immunity as well as inflammatory organ injury. However, the innate immune mechanisms that control viral induced organ inflammations are unclear. Methods To understand the role of the E3 ligase TRIM18 in controlling viral myocarditis and organ inflammation, wild-type and Trim18 knockout mice were infected with coxsackievirus B3 for inducing viral myocarditis, influenza A virus PR8 strain and human adenovirus for inducing viral pneumonia, and herpes simplex virus type I for inducing herpes simplex encephalitis. Mice survivals were monitored, and heart, lung and brain were harvested for histology and immunohistochemistry analysis. Real-time PCR, co-immunoprecipitation, immunoblot, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, luciferase assay, flow cytometry, over-expression and knockdown techniques were used to understand the molecular mechanisms of TRIM18 in regulating type I interferon (IFN) production after virus infection in this study. Results We find that knockdown or deletion of TRIM18 in human or mouse macrophages enhances production of type I IFN in response to double strand (ds) RNA and dsDNA or RNA and DNA virus infection. Importantly, deletion of TRIM18 protects mice from viral myocarditis, viral pneumonia, and herpes simplex encephalitis due to enhanced type I IFN production in vivo. Mechanistically, we show that TRIM18 recruits protein phosphatase 1A (PPM1A) to dephosphorylate TANK binding kinase 1 (TBK1), which inactivates TBK1 to block TBK1 from interacting with its upstream adaptors, mitochondrial antiviral signaling (MAVS) and stimulator of interferon genes (STING), thereby dampening antiviral signaling during viral infections. Moreover, TRIM18 stabilizes PPM1A by inducing K63-linked ubiquitination of PPM1A. Conclusions Our results indicate that TRIM18 serves as a negative regulator of viral myocarditis, lung inflammation and brain damage by downregulating innate immune activation induced by both RNA and DNA viruses. Our data reveal that TRIM18 is a critical regulator of innate immunity in viral induced diseases, thereby identifying a potential therapeutic target for treatment. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12929-022-00840-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingli Fang
- Department of Surgery and Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Department of Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Ao Zhang
- Department of Surgery and Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yong Du
- Department of Surgery and Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Wenting Lu
- Department of Surgery and Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Junying Wang
- Department of Surgery and Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Laurie J Minze
- Department of Surgery and Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Timothy C Cox
- Department of Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry & Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
| | - Xian Chang Li
- Department of Surgery and Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Junji Xing
- Department of Surgery and Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- Department of Surgery and Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
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Sun J, Yoon J, Lee M, Lee HK, Hwang YS, Daar IO. Zic5 stabilizes Gli3 via a non-transcriptional mechanism during retinal development. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110312. [PMID: 35108539 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The Zic family of zinc finger transcription factors plays a critical role in multiple developmental processes. Using loss-of-function studies, we find that Zic5 is important for the differentiation of retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) and the rod photoreceptor layer through suppressing Hedgehog (Hh) signaling. Further, Zic5 interacts with the critical Hh signaling molecule, Gli3, through the zinc finger domains of both proteins. This Zic5-Gli3 interaction disrupts Gli3/Gli3 homodimerization, resulting in Gli3 protein stabilization via a reduction in Gli3 ubiquitination. During embryonic Hh signaling, the activator form of Gli is normally converted to a repressor form through proteosome-mediated processing of Gli3, and the ratio of Gli3 repressor to full-length (activator) form of Gli3 determines the Gli3 repressor output required for normal eye development. Our results suggest Zic5 is a critical player in regulating Gli3 stability for the proper differentiation of RPE and rod photoreceptor layer during Xenopus eye development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Sun
- Cancer and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Jaeho Yoon
- Cancer and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Moonsup Lee
- Cancer and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Hyun-Kyung Lee
- Cancer and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Yoo-Seok Hwang
- Cancer and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Ira O Daar
- Cancer and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
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Chen W, Shen T, Wang L, Lu K. Oligomerization of Selective Autophagy Receptors for the Targeting and Degradation of Protein Aggregates. Cells 2021; 10:cells10081989. [PMID: 34440758 PMCID: PMC8394947 DOI: 10.3390/cells10081989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The selective targeting and disposal of solid protein aggregates are essential for cells to maintain protein homoeostasis. Autophagy receptors including p62, NBR1, Cue5/TOLLIP (CUET), and Tax1-binding protein 1 (TAX1BP1) proteins function in selective autophagy by targeting ubiquitinated aggregates through ubiquitin-binding domains. Here, we summarize previous beliefs and recent findings on selective receptors in aggregate autophagy. Since there are many reviews on selective autophagy receptors, we focus on their oligomerization, which enables receptors to function as pathway determinants and promotes phase separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (W.C.); (T.S.); (L.W.)
- Department of Neurology, Shanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Taiyuan 030012, China
| | - Tianyun Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (W.C.); (T.S.); (L.W.)
| | - Lijun Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (W.C.); (T.S.); (L.W.)
| | - Kefeng Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (W.C.); (T.S.); (L.W.)
- Correspondence:
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Chen X, Xu Y, Tu W, Huang F, Zuo Y, Zhang H, Jin L, Feng Q, Ren T, He J, Miao Y, Yuan Y, Zhao Q, Liu J, Zhang R, Zhu L, Qian F, Zhu C, Zheng H, Wang J. Ubiquitin E3 ligase MID1 inhibits the innate immune response by ubiquitinating IRF3. Immunology 2021; 163:278-292. [PMID: 33513265 PMCID: PMC8207362 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) is a critical transcription factor for inducing production of type I interferons (IFN-I) and regulating host antiviral response. Although IRF3 activation during viral infection has been extensively studied, the inhibitory regulation of IRF3 remains largely unexplored. Here, we revealed that Midline-1 (MID1) is a ubiquitin E3 ligase of IRF3 that plays essential roles in regulating the production of IFN-I. We found that MID1 physically interacts with IRF3 and downregulates IRF3 protein levels. Next, we demonstrated that MID1 can induce K48-linked polyubiquitination of IRF3, thus lowing the protein stability of IRF3. Our further studies identified Lys313 as a major ubiquitin acceptor lysine of IRF3 induced by MID1. Finally, MID1-mediated ubiquitination and degradation of IRF3 restrict IFN-I production and cellular antiviral response. This study uncovers a role of MID1 in regulating innate antiviral immunity and may provide a potential target for enhancing host antiviral activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangjie Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and ImmunityInstitutes of Biology and Medical SciencesSoochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Ying Xu
- Department of Intensive Care MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Wenhui Tu
- Department of Infectious DiseasesTaizhou Municipal HospitalTaizhouChina
| | - Fan Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and ImmunityInstitutes of Biology and Medical SciencesSoochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Yibo Zuo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and ImmunityInstitutes of Biology and Medical SciencesSoochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Hong‐Guang Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and ImmunityInstitutes of Biology and Medical SciencesSoochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Lincong Jin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and ImmunityInstitutes of Biology and Medical SciencesSoochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Qian Feng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and ImmunityInstitutes of Biology and Medical SciencesSoochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Tengfei Ren
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and ImmunityInstitutes of Biology and Medical SciencesSoochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Jiuyi He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and ImmunityInstitutes of Biology and Medical SciencesSoochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Ying Miao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and ImmunityInstitutes of Biology and Medical SciencesSoochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Yukang Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and ImmunityInstitutes of Biology and Medical SciencesSoochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Qian Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and ImmunityInstitutes of Biology and Medical SciencesSoochow UniversitySuzhouChina
- School of Biology and Basic Medical SciencesSoochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Jiapeng Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and ImmunityInstitutes of Biology and Medical SciencesSoochow UniversitySuzhouChina
- School of Biology and Basic Medical SciencesSoochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Renxia Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and ImmunityInstitutes of Biology and Medical SciencesSoochow UniversitySuzhouChina
- School of Biology and Basic Medical SciencesSoochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Li Zhu
- The Affiliated Infectious Diseases Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Feng Qian
- The Affiliated Infectious Diseases Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Chuanwu Zhu
- The Affiliated Infectious Diseases Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Hui Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and ImmunityInstitutes of Biology and Medical SciencesSoochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Intensive Care MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
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9
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Piedade WP, Famulski JK. E3 ubiquitin ligase-mediated regulation of vertebrate ocular development; new insights into the function of SIAH enzymes. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:327-340. [PMID: 33616626 PMCID: PMC7924998 DOI: 10.1042/bst20200613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Developmental regulation of the vertebrate visual system has been a focus of investigation for generations as understanding this critical time period has direct implications on our understanding of congenital blinding disease. The majority of studies to date have focused on transcriptional regulation mediated by morphogen gradients and signaling pathways. However, recent studies of post translational regulation during ocular development have shed light on the role of the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS). This rather ubiquitous yet highly diverse system is well known for regulating protein function and localization as well as stability via targeting for degradation by the 26S proteasome. Work from many model organisms has recently identified UPS activity during various milestones of ocular development including retinal morphogenesis, retinal ganglion cell function as well as photoreceptor homeostasis. In particular work from flies and zebrafish has highlighted the role of the E3 ligase enzyme family, Seven in Absentia Homologue (Siah) during these events. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of UPS activity during Drosophila and vertebrate ocular development, with a major focus on recent findings correlating Siah E3 ligase activity with two major developmental stages of vertebrate ocular development, retinal morphogenesis and photoreceptor specification and survival.
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10
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Baldini R, Mascaro M, Meroni G. The MID1 gene product in physiology and disease. Gene 2020; 747:144655. [PMID: 32283114 PMCID: PMC8011326 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
MID1 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase of the Tripartite Motif (TRIM) subfamily of RING-containing proteins, hence also known as TRIM18. MID1 is a microtubule-binding protein found in complex with the catalytic subunit of PP2A (PP2Ac) and its regulatory subunit alpha 4 (α4). To date, several substrates and interactors of MID1 have been described, providing evidence for the involvement of MID1 in a plethora of essential biological processes, especially during embryonic development. Mutations in the MID1 gene are responsible of the X-linked form of Opitz syndrome (XLOS), a multiple congenital disease characterised by defects in the development of midline structures during embryogenesis. Here, we review MID1-related physiological mechanisms as well as the pathological implication of the MID1 gene in XLOS and in other clinical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Baldini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Martina Mascaro
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Germana Meroni
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.
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11
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Li C, Tan YH, Sun J, Deng FM, Liu YL. PAX6 contributes to the activation and proliferation of hepatic stellate cells via activating Hedgehog/GLI1 pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 526:314-320. [PMID: 32209258 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.03.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant activation of Hedgehog signaling is considered as the key player in hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation involved in liver fibrosis (LF). The glioma-associated protein gene (GLI) has a predicted paired box 6 (PAX6)-binding site within its transcribed region. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between PAX6 and GLI and their contribution to HSC activation and proliferation. PAX6 expression was upregulated in platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB)-induced LX-2 cells. The activation and proliferation of HSC were inhibited by interference of PAX6 with short hairpin RNA (shPAX6) via curbing Hedgehog signaling. Notably, PAX6 directly bound to the promoter sequence of GLI1 independent of the PTCH/SMO axis. Therefore, we propose that PAX6 upregulation induces HSC activation and proliferation through crosstalk with GLI1 signaling. Thus, these novel mechanistic insights involving the PAX6-mediated regulation of the activation and proliferation of HSC may provide a new therapeutic target for LF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Li
- School of Basic Medical Science, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, China; Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, China
| | - Yue Hao Tan
- School of Basic Medical Science, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, China
| | - Jing Sun
- School of Basic Medical Science, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, China
| | - Feng Mei Deng
- School of Basic Medical Science, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, China; Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, China.
| | - Yi Lun Liu
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, China.
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12
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Cardozo MJ, Almuedo-Castillo M, Bovolenta P. Patterning the Vertebrate Retina with Morphogenetic Signaling Pathways. Neuroscientist 2019; 26:185-196. [PMID: 31509088 DOI: 10.1177/1073858419874016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The primordium of the vertebrate eye is composed of a pseudostratified and apparently homogeneous neuroepithelium, which folds inward to generate a bilayered optic cup. During these early morphogenetic events, the optic vesicle is patterned along three different axes-proximo-distal, dorso-ventral, and naso-temporal-and three major domains: the neural retina, the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), and the optic stalk. These fundamental steps that enable the subsequent development of a functional eye, entail the precise coordination among genetic programs. These programs are driven by the interplay of signaling pathways and transcription factors, which progressively dictate how each tissue should evolve. Here, we discuss the contribution of the Hh, Wnt, FGF, and BMP signaling pathways to the early patterning of the retina. Comparative studies in different vertebrate species have shown that their morphogenetic activity is repetitively used to orchestrate the progressive specification of the eye with evolutionary conserved mechanisms that have been adapted to match the specific need of a given species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos J Cardozo
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa," (CSIC/UAM), Madrid, Spain.,CIBERER, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Paola Bovolenta
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa," (CSIC/UAM), Madrid, Spain.,CIBERER, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
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13
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Zanchetta ME, Meroni G. Emerging Roles of the TRIM E3 Ubiquitin Ligases MID1 and MID2 in Cytokinesis. Front Physiol 2019; 10:274. [PMID: 30941058 PMCID: PMC6433704 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination is a post-translational modification that consists of ubiquitin attachment to target proteins through sequential steps catalysed by activating (E1), conjugating (E2), and ligase (E3) enzymes. Protein ubiquitination is crucial for the regulation of many cellular processes not only by promoting proteasomal degradation of substrates but also re-localisation of cellular factors and modulation of protein activity. Great importance in orchestrating ubiquitination relies on E3 ligases as these proteins recognise the substrate that needs to be modified at the right time and place. Here we focus on two members of the TRIpartite Motif (TRIM) family of RING E3 ligases, MID1, and MID2. We discuss the recent findings on these developmental disease-related proteins analysing the link between their activity on essential factors and the regulation of cytokinesis highlighting the possible consequence of alteration of this process in pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Germana Meroni
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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14
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Mi D, Manuel M, Huang YT, Mason JO, Price DJ. Pax6 Lengthens G1 Phase and Decreases Oscillating Cdk6 Levels in Murine Embryonic Cortical Progenitors. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:419. [PMID: 30498434 PMCID: PMC6249377 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pax6 is a key regulator of the rates of progenitor cell division in cerebral corticogenesis. Previous work has suggested that this action is mediated at least in part by regulation of the cell cycle gene Cdk6, which acts largely on the transition from G1 to S phase. We began the present study by investigating whether, in addition to Cdk6, other Pax6-regulated cell cycle genes are likely to be primary mediators of Pax6’s actions on cortical progenitor cell cycles. Following acute cortex-specific deletion of Pax6, Cdk6 showed changes in expression a day earlier than any other Pax6-regulated cell cycle gene suggesting that it is the primary mediator of Pax6’s actions. We then used flow cytometry to show that progenitors lacking Pax6 have a shortened G1 phase and that their Cdk6 levels are increased in all phases. We found that Cdk6 levels oscillate during the cell cycle, increasing from G1 to M phase. We propose a model in which loss of Pax6 shortens G1 phase by raising overall Cdk6 levels, thereby shortening the time taken for Cdk6 levels to cross a threshold triggering transition to S phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Mi
- Biomedical Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Martine Manuel
- Biomedical Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Yu-Ting Huang
- Biomedical Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - John O Mason
- Biomedical Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - David J Price
- Biomedical Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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15
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Cavodeassi F, Creuzet S, Etchevers HC. The hedgehog pathway and ocular developmental anomalies. Hum Genet 2018; 138:917-936. [PMID: 30073412 PMCID: PMC6710239 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-018-1918-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in effectors of the hedgehog signaling pathway are responsible for a wide variety of ocular developmental anomalies. These range from massive malformations of the brain and ocular primordia, not always compatible with postnatal life, to subtle but damaging functional effects on specific eye components. This review will concentrate on the effects and effectors of the major vertebrate hedgehog ligand for eye and brain formation, Sonic hedgehog (SHH), in tissues that constitute the eye directly and also in those tissues that exert indirect influence on eye formation. After a brief overview of human eye development, the many roles of the SHH signaling pathway during both early and later morphogenetic processes in the brain and then eye and periocular primordia will be evoked. Some of the unique molecular biology of this pathway in vertebrates, particularly ciliary signal transduction, will also be broached within this developmental cellular context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florencia Cavodeassi
- Institute for Medical and Biomedical Education, St. George´s University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Sophie Creuzet
- Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay (Neuro-PSI), UMR 9197, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Heather C Etchevers
- Aix-Marseille Univ, Marseille Medical Genetics (MMG), INSERM, Faculté de Médecine, 27 boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France.
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16
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Zanchetta ME, Napolitano LMR, Maddalo D, Meroni G. The E3 ubiquitin ligase MID1/TRIM18 promotes atypical ubiquitination of the BRCA2-associated factor 35, BRAF35. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2017; 1864:1844-1854. [PMID: 28760657 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2017.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
MID1/TRIM18 is a member of the TRIM family of ubiquitin E3 ligases characterized by the presence of a conserved RING-containing N-terminal tripartite motif. Mutations in the MID1 gene have been associated with the X-linked form of Opitz Syndrome, a developmental disorder characterized by midline defects and intellectual disability. The effect of MID1 E3 ligase activity within the cell and the role in the pathogenesis of the disease is still not completely unraveled. Here, we report BRAF35, a non-canonical HMG nuclear factor, as a novel MID1 substrate. MID1 is implicated in BRAF35 ubiquitination promoting atypical poly-ubiquitination via K6-, K27- and K29-linkages. We observed a partial co-localization of the two proteins within cytoplasmic bodies. We found that MID1 depletion alters BRAF35 localization in these structures and increases BRAF35 stability affecting its cytoplasmic abundance. Our data reveal a novel role for MID1 and for atypical ubiquitination in balancing BRAF35 presence, and likely its activity, within nuclear and cytoplasmic compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melania E Zanchetta
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Italy; Institute for Maternal and Child Health e IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Danilo Maddalo
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Germana Meroni
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Italy; Institute for Maternal and Child Health e IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy.
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17
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Abstract
Human development requires intricate cell specification and communication pathways that allow an embryo to generate and appropriately connect more than 200 different cell types. Key to the successful completion of this differentiation programme is the quantitative and reversible regulation of core signalling networks, and post-translational modification with ubiquitin provides embryos with an essential tool to accomplish this task. Instigated by E3 ligases and reversed by deubiquitylases, ubiquitylation controls many processes that are fundamental for development, such as cell division, fate specification and migration. As aberrant function or regulation of ubiquitylation enzymes is at the roots of developmental disorders, cancer, and neurodegeneration, modulating the activity of ubiquitylation enzymes is likely to provide strategies for therapeutic intervention.
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18
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Cvekl A, Zhang X. Signaling and Gene Regulatory Networks in Mammalian Lens Development. Trends Genet 2017; 33:677-702. [PMID: 28867048 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ocular lens development represents an advantageous system in which to study regulatory mechanisms governing cell fate decisions, extracellular signaling, cell and tissue organization, and the underlying gene regulatory networks. Spatiotemporally regulated domains of BMP, FGF, and other signaling molecules in late gastrula-early neurula stage embryos generate the border region between the neural plate and non-neural ectoderm from which multiple cell types, including lens progenitor cells, emerge and undergo initial tissue formation. Extracellular signaling and DNA-binding transcription factors govern lens and optic cup morphogenesis. Pax6, c-Maf, Hsf4, Prox1, Sox1, and a few additional factors regulate the expression of the lens structural proteins, the crystallins. Extensive crosstalk between a diverse array of signaling pathways controls the complexity and order of lens morphogenetic processes and lens transparency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ales Cvekl
- Departments of Genetics and Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
| | - Xin Zhang
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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