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Pereiro FA, Galley SS, Jackson JA, Shafer JC. Contemporary Assessment of Energy Degeneracy in Orbital Mixing with Tetravalent f-Block Compounds. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:9687-9700. [PMID: 38743642 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
The f block is a comparatively understudied group of elements that find applications in many areas. Continued development of technologies involving the lanthanides (Ln) and actinides (An) requires a better fundamental understanding of their chemistry. Specifically, characterizing the electronic structure of the f elements presents a significant challenge due to the spatially core-like but energetically valence-like nature of the f orbitals. This duality led f-block scientists to hypothesize for decades that f-block chemistry is dominated by ionic metal-ligand interactions with little covalency because canonical covalent interactions require both spatial orbital overlap and orbital energy degeneracy. Recent studies on An compounds have suggested that An ions can engage in appreciable orbital mixing between An 5f and ligand orbitals, which was attributed to "energy-degeneracy-driven covalency". This model of bonding has since been a topic of debate because different computational methods have yielded results that support and refute the energy-degeneracy-driven covalency model. In this Viewpoint, literatures concerning the metal- and ligand-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) of five tetravalent f-block systems─MO2 (M = Ln, An), LnF4, MCl62-, and [Ln(NP(pip)3)4]─are compiled and discussed to explore metal-ligand bonding in f-block compounds through experimental metrics. Based on spectral assignments from a variety of theoretical models, covalency is seen to decrease from CeO2 and PrO2 to TbO2 through weaker ligand-to-metal charge-transfer (LMCT) interactions, while these LMCT interactions are not observed in the trivalent Ln sesquixodes until Yb. In comparison, while XANES characterization of AnO2 compounds is scarce, computational modeling of available X-ray absorption spectra suggests that covalency among AnO2 reaches a maximum between Am and Cm. Moreover, a decrease in covalency is observed upon changing ligands while maintaining an isostructural coordination environment from CeO2 to CeF4. These results could allude to the importance of orbital energy degeneracy in f-block bonding, but there are a variety of data gaps and conflicting results from different modeling techniques that need to be addressed before broad conclusions can be drawn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe A Pereiro
- Department of Chemistry and Geochemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Shane S Galley
- Department of Chemistry and Geochemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Jessica A Jackson
- Department of Chemistry and Geochemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Jenifer C Shafer
- Department of Chemistry and Geochemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
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2
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Butorin SM, Bauters S, Amidani L, Beck A, Rossberg A, Weiss S, Vitova T, Kvashnina KO, Tougait O. Effect of carbon content on electronic structure of uranium carbides. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20434. [PMID: 37993496 PMCID: PMC10665328 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47579-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The electronic structure of UC[Formula: see text] (x = 0.9, 1.0, 1.1, 2.0) was studied by means of x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) at the C K edge and measurements in the high energy resolution fluorescence detection (HERFD) mode at the U [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] edges. The full-relativistic density functional theory calculations taking into account the [Formula: see text] Coulomb interaction U and spin-orbit coupling (DFT+U+SOC) were also performed for UC and UC[Formula: see text]. While the U [Formula: see text] HERFD-XAS spectra of the studied samples reveal little difference, the U [Formula: see text] HERFD-XAS spectra show certain sensitivity to the varying carbon content in uranium carbides. The observed gradual changes in the U [Formula: see text] HERFD spectra suggest an increase in the C 2p-U 5f charge transfer, which is supported by the orbital population analysis in the DFT+U+SOC calculations, indicating an increase in the U 5f occupancy in UC[Formula: see text] as compared to that in UC. On the other hand, the density of states at the Fermi level were found to be significantly lower in UC[Formula: see text], thus affecting the thermodynamic properties. Both the x-ray spectroscopic data (in particular, the C K XAS measurements) and results of the DFT+U+SOC calculations indicate the importance of taking into account U and SOC for the description of the electronic structure of actinide carbides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei M Butorin
- Condensed Matter Physics of Energy Materials, X-ray Photon Science, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 516, 751 20, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Stephen Bauters
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Resource Ecology, P.O. Box 510119, 01314, Dresden, Germany
- The Rossendorf Beamline at ESRF-The European Synchrotron, 38043, Grenoble, France
| | - Lucia Amidani
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Resource Ecology, P.O. Box 510119, 01314, Dresden, Germany
- The Rossendorf Beamline at ESRF-The European Synchrotron, 38043, Grenoble, France
| | - Aaron Beck
- Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, P.O. 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - André Rossberg
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Resource Ecology, P.O. Box 510119, 01314, Dresden, Germany
- The Rossendorf Beamline at ESRF-The European Synchrotron, 38043, Grenoble, France
| | - Stephan Weiss
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Resource Ecology, P.O. Box 510119, 01314, Dresden, Germany
| | - Tonya Vitova
- Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, P.O. 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Kristina O Kvashnina
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Resource Ecology, P.O. Box 510119, 01314, Dresden, Germany
- The Rossendorf Beamline at ESRF-The European Synchrotron, 38043, Grenoble, France
| | - Olivier Tougait
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Artois, UMR 8181-UCCS-Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, 59000, Lille, France
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3
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Butorin SM, Shuh DK. Chemical bonding in americium oxides probed by X-ray spectroscopy. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11607. [PMID: 37463970 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38505-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The electronic structure and the chemical state in Am binary oxides and Am-doped UO[Formula: see text] were studied by means of X-ray absorption spectroscopy at shallow Am core (4d and 5d) edges. In particular, the Am 5f states were probed and the nature of their bonding to the oxygen states was analyzed. The interpretation of the experimental data was supported by the Anderson impurity model (AIM) calculations which took into account the full multiplet structure due to the interaction between 5f electrons as well as the interaction with the core hole. The sensitivity of the branching ratio of the Am [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] X-ray absorption lines to the chemical state of Am was shown using Am binary oxides as reference systems. The observed ratio for Am-doped UO[Formula: see text] suggests that at least at low Am concentrations, americium is in the Am(III) state in the UO[Formula: see text] lattice. To confirm the validity of the applied AIM approach, the analysis of the Am 4f X-ray photoelectron spectra of AmO[Formula: see text] and Am[Formula: see text]O[Formula: see text] was also performed which revealed a good agreement between experiment and calculations. As a whole, AmO[Formula: see text] can be classified as the charge-transfer compound with the 5f occupancy ([Formula: see text]) equal to 5.73 electrons, while Am[Formula: see text]O[Formula: see text] is rather a Mott-Hubbard system with [Formula: see text] = 6.05.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei M Butorin
- Condensed Matter Physics of Energy Materials, X-ray Photon Science, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 516, 751 20, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - David K Shuh
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, MS 70A1150, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
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4
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Wang Q, Xiao Y, Yang S, Zhang Y, Wu L, Pan H, Rao D, Chen T, Sun Z, Wang G, Zhu J, Zeng J, Wei S, Zheng X. Monitoring Electron Flow in Nickel Single-Atom Catalysts during Nitrogen Photofixation. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:10216-10223. [PMID: 36352348 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c03595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
An efficient catalytic system for nitrogen (N2) photofixation generally consists of light-harvesting units, active sites, and an electron-transfer bridge. In order to track photogenerated electron flow between different functional units, it is highly desired to develop in situ characterization techniques with element-specific capability, surface sensitivity, and detection of unoccupied states. In this work, we developed in situ synchrotron radiation soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy (in situ sXAS) to probe the variation of electronic structure for a reaction system during N2 photoreduction. Nickel single-atom and ceria nanoparticle comodified reduced graphene oxide (CeO2/Ni-G) was designed as a model catalyst. In situ sXAS directly reveals the dynamic interfacial charge transfer of photogenerated electrons under illumination and the consequent charge accumulation at the catalytic active sites for N2 activation. This work provides a powerful tool to monitor the electronic structure evolution of active sites under reaction conditions for photocatalysis and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyu Wang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, P.R. China
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Yu Xiao
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, P.R. China
- School of Chemistry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Shaokang Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P. R. China
| | - Yida Zhang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, P.R. China
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Lihui Wu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, P.R. China
| | - Haibin Pan
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, P.R. China
| | - Dewei Rao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P. R. China
| | - Tao Chen
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Zhihu Sun
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, P.R. China
| | - Gongming Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Junfa Zhu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, P.R. China
| | - Jie Zeng
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Shiqiang Wei
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, P.R. China
| | - Xusheng Zheng
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, P.R. China
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5
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Tobin JG, Nowak S, Yu SW, Alonso-Mori R, Kroll T, Nordlund D, Weng TC, Sokaras D. 5f covalency from x-ray resonant Raman spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2022; 34:505601. [PMID: 36261038 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac9bbd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
X-ray resonant Raman spectroscopy (XRRS), a variant of resonant inelastic x-ray scattering, has been used to investigate the two prototype systems, UF4and UO2. Both are U5f2and each is an example of 5f localized, ionic behavior and 5f localized, covalent behavior, respectively. From the M5XRRS measurements, the 5f band gap in each can be directly determined and, moreover, a clear and powerful sensitivity to 5f covalency emerges.
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Affiliation(s)
- J G Tobin
- University of Wisconsin-Oshkosh, Oshkosh, WI 54901, United States of America
| | - S Nowak
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, United States of America
| | - S-W Yu
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, United States of America
| | - R Alonso-Mori
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, United States of America
| | - T Kroll
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, United States of America
| | - D Nordlund
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, United States of America
| | - T-C Weng
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, United States of America
| | - D Sokaras
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, United States of America
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6
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Kasper JM, Li X, Kozimor SA, Batista ER, Yang P. Relativistic Effects in Modeling the Ligand K-Edge X-ray Absorption Near-Edge Structure of Uranium Complexes. J Chem Theory Comput 2022; 18:2171-2179. [PMID: 35274960 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.1c00851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Accurate modeling of the complex electronic structure of actinide complexes requires full inclusion of relativistic effects. In this study, we examine the effect of explicit inclusion of spin-orbit coupling (SOC) versus scalar relativistic effects on the predicted spectra for heavy-element complexes. In this study, we employ a relativistic two-component Hamiltonian in the X2C form with all of the electrons in the system being considered explicitly to compare and contrast with previous studies that included the relativistic effects by means of relativistic effective core potentials (RECPs). A few uranium complexes are chosen as model systems. Comparison of the computed Cl K-edge X-ray absorption spectra with experimental data shows significantly improved agreement when a variational relativistic treatment of SOC is performed. In particular, we note the importance of SOC terms to obtain not only correct transition energies but also correct intensities for these heavy-element complexes because of the redistribution of ligand bonding character among the valence MOs. While RECPs generally agree well with all-electron scalar relativistic calculations, there are some differences in the predicted spectra of open-shell systems. These methods are still suitable for broad application to analyze the qualitative nature of transitions in X-ray absorption spectra, but caution is recommended for quantitative analysis, as SOC can be non-negligible for both open- and closed-shell heavy-element systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Kasper
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States.,Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Xiaosong Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States.,Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Stosh A Kozimor
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Enrique R Batista
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Ping Yang
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
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7
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Kvashnina KO, Butorin SM. High-energy resolution X-ray spectroscopy at actinide M 4,5 and ligand K edges: what we know, what we want to know, and what we can know. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:327-342. [PMID: 34874022 PMCID: PMC8725612 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc04851a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, scientists have progressively recognized the role of electronic structures in the characterization of chemical properties for actinide containing materials. High-energy resolution X-ray spectroscopy at the actinide M4,5 edges emerged as a promising direction because this method can probe actinide properties at the atomic level through the possibility of reducing the experimental spectral width below the natural core-hole lifetime broadening. Parallel to the technical developments of the X-ray method and experimental discoveries, theoretical models, describing the observed electronic structure phenomena, have also advanced. In this feature article, we describe the latest progress in the field of high-energy resolution X-ray spectroscopy at the actinide M4,5 and ligand K edges and we show that the methods are able to (a) provide fingerprint information on the actinide oxidation state and ground state characters (b) probe 5f occupancy, non-stoichiometry, defects, and ligand/metal ratio and (c) investigate the local symmetry and effects of the crystal field. We discuss the chemical aspects of the electronic structure in terms familiar to chemists and materials scientists and conclude with a brief description of new opportunities and approaches to improve the experimental methodology and theoretical analysis for f-electron systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina O Kvashnina
- The Rossendorf Beamline at ESRF, The European Synchrotron, CS40220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France.
- Institute of Resource Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), PO Box 510119, 01314 Dresden, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Sergei M Butorin
- Condensed Matter Physics of Energy Materials, X-ray Photon Science, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 516, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden.
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8
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Konecny L, Vicha J, Komorovsky S, Ruud K, Repisky M. Accurate X-ray Absorption Spectra near L- and M-Edges from Relativistic Four-Component Damped Response Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory. Inorg Chem 2021; 61:830-846. [PMID: 34958215 PMCID: PMC8767545 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The simulation of
X-ray absorption spectra requires both scalar
and spin–orbit (SO) relativistic effects to be taken into account,
particularly near L- and M-edges where the SO splitting of core p
and d orbitals dominates. Four-component Dirac–Coulomb Hamiltonian-based
linear damped response time-dependent density functional theory (4c-DR-TDDFT)
calculates spectra directly for a selected frequency region while
including the relativistic effects variationally, making the method
well suited for X-ray applications. In this work, we show that accurate
X-ray absorption spectra near L2,3- and M4,5-edges of closed-shell transition metal and actinide compounds with
different central atoms, ligands, and oxidation states can be obtained
by means of 4c-DR-TDDFT. While the main absorption lines do not change
noticeably with the basis set and geometry, the exchange–correlation
functional has a strong influence with hybrid functionals performing
the best. The energy shift compared to the experiment is shown to
depend linearly on the amount of Hartee–Fock exchange with
the optimal value being 60% for spectral regions above 1000 eV, providing
relative errors below 0.2% and 2% for edge energies and SO splittings,
respectively. Finally, the methodology calibrated in this work is
used to reproduce the experimental L2,3-edge X-ray absorption
spectra of [RuCl2(DMSO)2(Im)2] and
[WCl4(PMePh2)2], and resolve the
broad bands into separated lines, allowing an interpretation based
on ligand field theory and double point groups. These results support
4c-DR-TDDFT as a reliable method for calculating and analyzing X-ray
absorption spectra of chemically interesting systems, advance the
accuracy of state-of-the art relativistic DFT approaches, and provide
a reference for benchmarking more approximate techniques. The paper demonstrates that relativistic four-component
TDDFT theory can reproduce and analyze experimental X-ray absorption
spectra near L2,3- and M4,5-edges of transition
metal and actinide compounds with different central atoms, ligands,
and oxidation states. With variational inclusion of scalar and spin−orbit
relativistic effects and hybrid functionals with an optimized amount
of Hartee−Fock exchange (60%), it achieves relative errors
below 0.2% and 2% for edge energies and spin−orbit (SO) splittings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Konecny
- Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Tromsø - The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Jan Vicha
- Centre of Polymer Systems, Tomas Bata University, tř. Tomáše Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic
| | - Stanislav Komorovsky
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-84536 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Kenneth Ruud
- Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Tromsø - The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Michal Repisky
- Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Tromsø - The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
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9
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Polly R, Schacherl B, Rothe J, Vitova T. Relativistic Multiconfigurational Ab Initio Calculation of Uranyl 3d4f Resonant Inelastic X-ray Scattering. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:18764-18776. [PMID: 34818001 PMCID: PMC8693175 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We applied relativistic multiconfigurational all-electron ab initio calculations including the spin-orbit interaction to calculate the 3d4f resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) map (3d3/2 → 5f5/2 U M4 absorption edge and 4f5/2 → 3d3/2 U Mβ emission) of uranyl (UO22+). The calculated data are in excellent agreement with experimental results and allow a detailed understanding of the observed features and an unambiguous assignment of all involved intermediate and final states. The energies corresponding to the maxima of the resonant emission and the non-resonant (normal) emission were determined with high accuracy, and the corresponding X-ray absorption near edge structure spectra extracted at these two positions were simulated and agree well with the measured data. With the high quality of our theoretical data, we show that the cause of the splitting of the three main peaks in emission is due to the fine structure splitting of the 4f orbitals induced through the trans di-oxo bonds in uranyl and that we are able to obtain direct information about the energy differences between the 5f and 4f orbitals: Δ5f δ/ϕ - 4f δ/ϕ, Δ5f π* - 4f π, and Δ5f σ* - 4f σ from the 3d4f RIXS map. RIXS maps contain a wealth of information, and ab initio calculations facilitate an understanding of their complex structure in a clear and transparent way. With these calculations, we show that the multiconfigurational protocol, which is nowadays applied as a standard tool to study the X-ray spectra of transition metal complexes, can be extended to the calculation of RIXS maps of systems containing actinides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Polly
- Karlsruher Institut für Technologie
(KIT), Institut für Nukleare Entsorgung
(INE), Campus Nord, Postfach
3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Bianca Schacherl
- Karlsruher Institut für Technologie
(KIT), Institut für Nukleare Entsorgung
(INE), Campus Nord, Postfach
3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jörg Rothe
- Karlsruher Institut für Technologie
(KIT), Institut für Nukleare Entsorgung
(INE), Campus Nord, Postfach
3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Tonya Vitova
- Karlsruher Institut für Technologie
(KIT), Institut für Nukleare Entsorgung
(INE), Campus Nord, Postfach
3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
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10
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Amidani L, Retegan M, Volkova A, Popa K, Martin PM, Kvashnina KO. Probing the Local Coordination of Hexavalent Uranium and the Splitting of 5f Orbitals Induced by Chemical Bonding. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:16286-16293. [PMID: 34677932 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report here a detailed experimental and theoretical investigation of hexavalent uranium in various local configurations with a high-energy-resolution fluorescence-detected X-ray absorption near-edge structure at the U M4 edge. We show the pronounced sensitivity of the technique to the arrangement of atoms around the absorber and provide a detailed theoretical interpretation revealing the nature of spectral features. Calculations based on density functional theory and on crystal field multiplet theory indicate that for all local configurations analyzed, the main peak corresponds to nonbonding 5f orbitals, and the highest energy peak corresponds to antibonding 5f orbitals. Our findings agree with the accepted interpretation of uranyl spectral features and embed the latter in a broader field of view, which interprets the spectra of a large variety of U6+-containing samples on a common theoretical ground.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Amidani
- The Rossendorf Beamline at ESRF, The European Synchrotron, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France.,Institute of Resource Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), P.O. Box 510119, 01314 Dresden, Germany
| | - Marius Retegan
- ESRF-The European Synchrotron, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Anna Volkova
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Karin Popa
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Nuclear Safety and Security Directorate, Karlsruhe 76344, Germany
| | - Philippe M Martin
- CEA, DES, ISEC, DMRC, University of Montpellier, Marcoule, 30207 Bagnols sur Cèze, France
| | - Kristina O Kvashnina
- The Rossendorf Beamline at ESRF, The European Synchrotron, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France.,Institute of Resource Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), P.O. Box 510119, 01314 Dresden, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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11
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Abstract
The application of core-to-core (3d-to-4f) resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS) and high-energy-resolution fluorescence-detected x-ray absorption (HERFD-XAS) at actinide M4,5 edges, as techniques with the enhanced sensitivity to changes in the chemical state, was analyzed for trivalent actinide compounds. As an example, a series of actinide chlorides AnCl3 (An = U, Np, Pu, Am, Cm, Bk, and Cf) was used. The crystal-field multiplet formalism was applied to calculate the 3d-4f RIXS maps, and the HERFD-XAS spectra were extracted as cuts of these RIXS maps along the incident energy axis at the constant emitted energy, corresponding to the maximum of the RIXS intensity. A relation between HERFD and conventional XAS methods was also examined. Despite some differences between profiles of the An M5 HERFD and conventional XAS spectra of trivalent actinides, the results of calculations indicate that the HERFD method can be used at the An M5 edge for monitoring even small variations in the An chemical state. As a whole, better agreement between the HERFD and XAS spectra was found for the An M4 edges as compared to the An M5 edges. By using the point charge electrostatic model, the dependence of the An M4,5 HERFD-XAS spectra on the An coordination number was studied, which indicates the significant sensitivity of the distribution of the An 5f states to the ligand structural arrangement around the An sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei M Butorin
- Condensed Matter Physics of Energy Materials, X-ray Photon Science, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 516, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
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12
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Fumega AO, Wong D, Schulz C, Rodríguez F, Blanco-Canosa S. Spectroscopy of the frustrated quantum antiferromagnet Cs 2CuCl 4. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 33:495603. [PMID: 34517361 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac2648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the electronic structure of Cs2CuCl4, a material discussed in the framework of a frustrated quantum antiferromagnet, by means of resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS) and density functional theory (DFT). From the non-dispersive highly localizedddexcitations, we resolve the crystal field splitting of the Cu2+ions in a strongly distorted tetrahedral coordination. This allows us to model the RIXS spectrum within the crystal field theory (CFT), assign theddorbital excitations and retrieve experimentally the values of the crystal field splitting parametersDq,DsandDτ. The electronic structure obtainedab-initioagrees with the RIXS spectrum and modelled by CFT, highlighting the potential of combined spectroscopic, cluster and DFT calculations to determine the electronic ground state of complex materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adolfo O Fumega
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Campus Sur s/n, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Instituto de Investigacións Tecnolóxicas, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Campus Sur s/n, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - D Wong
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - C Schulz
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - F Rodríguez
- MALTA TEAM, DCITIMAC, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain
| | - S Blanco-Canosa
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), San Sebastián, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
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13
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Straub MD, Ouellette ET, Boreen MA, Branson JA, Ditter A, Kilcoyne ALD, Lohrey TD, Marcus MA, Paley M, Ramirez J, Shuh DK, Minasian SG, Arnold J. Thorium amidates function as single-source molecular precursors for thorium dioxide. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:4954-4957. [PMID: 33876158 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc00867f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of four homoleptic thorium(iv) amidate complexes as single-source molecular precursors for thorium dioxide. Each can be sublimed at atmospheric pressure, with the substituents on the amidate ligands significantly impacting their volatility and thermal stability. These complexes decompose via alkene elimination to give ThO2 without need for a secondary oxygen source. ThO2 samples formed from pyrolysis of C-alkyl amidates were found to have higher purity and crystallinity than ThO2 samples formed from C-aryl amidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D Straub
- University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| | - Erik T Ouellette
- University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| | - Michael A Boreen
- University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| | - Jacob A Branson
- University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| | - Alex Ditter
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| | | | - Trevor D Lohrey
- University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| | | | - Maria Paley
- University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| | - José Ramirez
- University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| | - David K Shuh
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| | | | - John Arnold
- University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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14
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Curran DJ, Ganguly G, Heit YN, Wolford NJ, Minasian SG, Löble MW, Cary SK, Kozimor SA, Autschbach J, Neidig ML. Near-infrared C-term MCD spectroscopy of octahedral uranium(V) complexes. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:5483-5492. [PMID: 33908963 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt00513h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
C-term magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) spectroscopy is a powerful method for probing d-d and f-f transitions in paramagnetic metal complexes. However, this technique remains underdeveloped both experimentally and theoretically for studies of U(v) complexes of Oh symmetry, which have been of longstanding interest for probing electronic structure, bonding, and covalency in 5f systems. In this study, C-term NIR MCD of the Laporte forbidden f-f transitions of [UCl6]- and [UF6]- are reported, demonstrating the significant fine structure resolution possible with this technique including for the low energy Γ7 → Γ8 transitions in [UF6]-. The experimental NIR MCD studies were further extended to [U(OC6F5)6]-, [U(CH2SiMe3)6]-, and [U(NC(tBu)(Ph))6]- to evaluate the effects of ligand-type on the f-f MCD fine structure features. Theoretical calculations were conducted to determine the Laporte forbidden f-f transitions and their MCD intensity experimentally observed in the NIR spectra of the U(v) hexahalide complexes, via the inclusion of vibronic coupling, to better understand the underlying spectral fine structure features for these complexes. These spectra and simulations provide an important platform for the application of MCD spectroscopy to this widely studied class of U(v) complexes and identify areas for continued theoretical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Curran
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA.
| | - Gaurab Ganguly
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, USA.
| | - Yonaton N Heit
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, USA.
| | - Nikki J Wolford
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA.
| | - Stefan G Minasian
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Matthias W Löble
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87544, USA
| | - Samantha K Cary
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87544, USA
| | - Stosh A Kozimor
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87544, USA
| | - Jochen Autschbach
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, USA.
| | - Michael L Neidig
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA.
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15
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Amidani L, Vaughan GBM, Plakhova TV, Romanchuk AY, Gerber E, Svetogorov R, Weiss S, Joly Y, Kalmykov SN, Kvashnina KO. The Application of HEXS and HERFD XANES for Accurate Structural Characterisation of Actinide Nanomaterials: The Case of ThO 2. Chemistry 2021; 27:252-263. [PMID: 32956492 PMCID: PMC7839789 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The structural characterisation of actinide nanoparticles (NPs) is of primary importance and hard to achieve, especially for non-homogeneous samples with NPs less than 3 nm. By combining high-energy X-ray scattering (HEXS) and high-energy-resolution fluorescence-detected X-ray absorption near-edge structure (HERFD XANES) analysis, we have characterised for the first time both the short- and medium-range order of ThO2 NPs obtained by chemical precipitation. By using this methodology, a novel insight into the structures of NPs at different stages of their formation has been achieved. The pair distribution function revealed a high concentration of ThO2 small units similar to thorium hexamer clusters mixed with 1 nm ThO2 NPs in the initial steps of formation. Drying the precipitates at around 150 °C promoted the recrystallisation of the smallest units into more thermodynamically stable ThO2 NPs. HERFD XANES analysis at the thorium M4 edge, a direct probe for f states, showed variations that we have correlated with the breakdown of the local symmetry around the thorium atoms, which most likely concerns surface atoms. Together, HEXS and HERFD XANES are a powerful methodology for investigating actinide NPs and their formation mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Amidani
- The Rossendorf Beamline at ESRFThe European SynchrotronCS4022038043Grenoble Cedex 9France
- Institute of Resource EcologyHelmholtz Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), PO Box 51011901314DresdenGermany
| | | | | | - Anna Yu. Romanchuk
- Department of ChemistryLomonosov Moscow State University119991MoscowRussia
| | - Evgeny Gerber
- The Rossendorf Beamline at ESRFThe European SynchrotronCS4022038043Grenoble Cedex 9France
- Department of ChemistryLomonosov Moscow State University119991MoscowRussia
| | - Roman Svetogorov
- National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”123182MoscowRussia
| | - Stephan Weiss
- Institute of Resource EcologyHelmholtz Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), PO Box 51011901314DresdenGermany
| | - Yves Joly
- CNRS, Grenoble INPInstitut NéelUniversité Grenoble Alpes38042GrenobleFrance
| | - Stepan N. Kalmykov
- Department of ChemistryLomonosov Moscow State University119991MoscowRussia
| | - Kristina O. Kvashnina
- The Rossendorf Beamline at ESRFThe European SynchrotronCS4022038043Grenoble Cedex 9France
- Institute of Resource EcologyHelmholtz Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), PO Box 51011901314DresdenGermany
- Department of ChemistryLomonosov Moscow State University119991MoscowRussia
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16
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Butorin SM. 3d-4f Resonant Inelastic X-ray Scattering of Actinide Dioxides: Crystal-Field Multiplet Description. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:16251-16264. [PMID: 33136396 PMCID: PMC7672702 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
A theoretical
overview of the core-to-core (3d-4f) resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS)
spectra of actinide dioxides AnO2 (An = Th, U, Np, Pu,
Am, Cu, Bk, Cf) is provided. The 3d-4f RIXS maps were calculated using crystal-field multiplet theory and
turned out to be significantly different at the An M5 vs M4 edges, because of
selection rules and final state effects. The results of the calculations
allowed for a general analysis of so-called high-energy-resolution
fluorescence-detected X-ray absorption (HERFD-XAS) spectra. The cuts
of the calculated RIXS maps along the incident energy axis at the
constant emitted energy, corresponding to the maximum of the RIXS
intensity, represented the HERFD spectra and provided their comparison
with calculated conventional X-ray absorption (XAS) spectra with a
reduced core-hole lifetime broadening at the An M5 and M4 edges. Although the
An M5 HERFD profiles were found to depart
from the X-ray absorption cross-section, in terms of appearing additional
transitions, the results of calculations for the An M4 edges demonstrate overall better agreement between the
HERFD and XAS spectra for most dioxides, keeping in mind a restricted
HERFD resolution, because of the core–hole lifetime broadening
in the final state. The results confirm the utility of HERFD for the
An chemical state determination and indicate the importance of calculating
the entire RIXS process in order to interpret the HERFD data correctly. A theoretical
overview of the core-to-core resonant inelastic
X-ray scattering of actinide dioxides is provided using crystal-field
multiplet theory. The calculations allowed for a general analysis
of high-energy-resolution fluorescence-detected X-ray absorption (HERFD-XAS)
spectra and their comparison with conventional XAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei M Butorin
- Molecular and Condensed Matter Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 516, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
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17
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Xiao Y, Zhao XK, Wu T, Miller JT, Hu HS, Li J, Huang W, Diaconescu PL. Distinct electronic structures and bonding interactions in inverse-sandwich samarium and ytterbium biphenyl complexes. Chem Sci 2020; 12:227-238. [PMID: 34168742 PMCID: PMC8179684 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc03555f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Inverse-sandwich samarium and ytterbium biphenyl complexes were synthesized by the reduction of their trivalent halide precursors with potassium graphite in the presence of biphenyl. While the samarium complex had a similar structure as previously reported rare earth metal biphenyl complexes, with the two samarium ions bound to the same phenyl ring, the ytterbium counterpart adopted a different structure, with the two ytterbium ions bound to different phenyl rings. Upon the addition of crown ether to encapsulate the potassium ions, the inverse-sandwich samarium biphenyl structure remained intact; however, the ytterbium biphenyl structure fell apart with the concomitant formation of a divalent ytterbium crown ether complex and potassium biphenylide. Spectroscopic and computational studies were performed to gain insight into the electronic structures and bonding interactions of these samarium and ytterbium biphenyl complexes. While the ytterbium ions were found to be divalent with a 4f14 electron configuration and form a primarily ionic bonding interaction with biphenyl dianion, the samarium ions were in the trivalent state with a 4f5 electron configuration and mainly utilized the 5d orbitals to form a δ-type bonding interaction with the π* orbitals of the biphenyl tetraanion, showing covalent character. Inverse-sandwich samarium and ytterbium biphenyl complexes were synthesized and characterized by X-ray crystallography. Combined experimental and computational studies indicated that they have distinct electronic structures and bonding interactions.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyuan Xiao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Material Chemistry and Application, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University Beijing 100871 P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Kun Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Tianpin Wu
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory Argonne Illinois 60439 USA
| | - Jeffrey T Miller
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory Argonne Illinois 60439 USA
| | - Han-Shi Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Wenliang Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Material Chemistry and Application, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University Beijing 100871 P. R. China
| | - Paula L Diaconescu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles California 90095 USA
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18
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Straub MD, Arnold J, Fessenden J, Kiplinger JL. Recent Advances in Nuclear Forensic Chemistry. Anal Chem 2020; 93:3-22. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c03571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark D. Straub
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Chemistry Division, Mailstop J-514, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - John Arnold
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Julianna Fessenden
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, XTD Division, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Jaqueline L. Kiplinger
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Chemistry Division, Mailstop J-514, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
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19
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Pidchenko I, März J, Hunault MOJY, Bauters S, Butorin SM, Kvashnina KO. Synthesis, Structural, and Electronic Properties of K 4Pu VIO 2(CO 3) 3(cr): An Environmentally Relevant Plutonium Carbonate Complex. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:11889-11893. [PMID: 32846087 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The chemical properties of actinide materials are often predefined and described based on the data available for isostructural species. This is the case for potassium plutonyl (PuVI) carbonate, K4PuVIO2(CO3)3(cr), a complex relevant for nuclear technology and the environment, of which the crystallographic and thermodynamic properties of which are still lacking. We report here the synthesis and characterization of PuVI achieved by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis and high-energy-resolution fluorescence-detected X-ray absorption near-edge structure at the Pu M4-edge coupled with electronic structure calculations. The crystallographic properties of PuVI are compared with isostructural uranium (U) and neptunium (Np) compounds. Actinyl (AnVI) axial bond lengths, [O-AnVI-O]2+, are correlated between solid, K4AnVIO2(CO3)3(cr), and aqueous, [AnVIO2(CO3)3]4-(aq) species for the UVI-NpVI-PuVI series. The spectroscopic data are compared to KPuVO2CO3(cr) and PuIVO2(cr) to tackle the trend in the electronic structure of PuVI regarding the oxidation state changes and local structural modifications around the Pu atom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Pidchenko
- Rossendorf Beamline at ESRF-The European Synchrotron, CS40220, 38043 Grenoble, Cedex 9, France.,Institute of Resource Ecology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, P.O. Box 510119, 01314 Dresden, Germany
| | - Juliane März
- Institute of Resource Ecology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, P.O. Box 510119, 01314 Dresden, Germany
| | - Myrtille O J Y Hunault
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint Aubin BP 48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Stephen Bauters
- Rossendorf Beamline at ESRF-The European Synchrotron, CS40220, 38043 Grenoble, Cedex 9, France.,Institute of Resource Ecology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, P.O. Box 510119, 01314 Dresden, Germany
| | - Sergei M Butorin
- Molecular and Condensed Matter Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 516, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kristina O Kvashnina
- Rossendorf Beamline at ESRF-The European Synchrotron, CS40220, 38043 Grenoble, Cedex 9, France.,Institute of Resource Ecology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, P.O. Box 510119, 01314 Dresden, Germany
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20
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Gompa TP, Ramanathan A, Rice NT, La Pierre HS. The chemical and physical properties of tetravalent lanthanides: Pr, Nd, Tb, and Dy. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:15945-15987. [DOI: 10.1039/d0dt01400a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The thermochemistry, descriptive chemistry, spectroscopy, and physical properties of the tetravalent lanthanides (Pr, Nd, Tb and Dy) in extended phases, gas phase, solution, and as isolable molecular complexes are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaige P. Gompa
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Georgia Institute of Technology
- Atlanta
- USA
| | - Arun Ramanathan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Georgia Institute of Technology
- Atlanta
- USA
| | - Natalie T. Rice
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Georgia Institute of Technology
- Atlanta
- USA
| | - Henry S. La Pierre
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Georgia Institute of Technology
- Atlanta
- USA
- Nuclear and Radiological Engineering Program
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21
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Platts JA, Baker RJ. A computational investigation of orbital overlap versus energy degeneracy covalency in [UE2]2+ (E = O, S, Se, Te) complexes. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:1077-1088. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt04484a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Covalency in analogues of uranyl with heavy chalcogens is explored using DFT, and traced to increased energy-degeneracy as the group is descended.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert J. Baker
- School of Chemistry
- University of Dublin
- Trinity College
- Dublin 2
- Ireland
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22
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Amidani L, Plakhova TV, Romanchuk AY, Gerber E, Weiss S, Efimenko A, Sahle CJ, Butorin SM, Kalmykov SN, Kvashnina KO. Understanding the size effects on the electronic structure of ThO2 nanoparticles. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:10635-10643. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp01283d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
High-resolution XANES spectra of small ThO2 nanoparticles show the signature of the more exposed Th atoms at the surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Amidani
- The Rossendorf Beamline at ESRF – The European Synchrotron
- CS40220
- 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9
- France
- Helmholtz Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR)
| | - Tatiana V. Plakhova
- Department of Chemistry
- Lomonosov Moscow State University
- Moscow
- Russian Federation
| | - Anna Yu. Romanchuk
- Department of Chemistry
- Lomonosov Moscow State University
- Moscow
- Russian Federation
| | - Evgeny Gerber
- The Rossendorf Beamline at ESRF – The European Synchrotron
- CS40220
- 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9
- France
- Helmholtz Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR)
| | - Stephan Weiss
- Helmholtz Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR)
- Institute of Resource Ecology
- 01314 Dresden
- Germany
| | - Anna Efimenko
- ESRF – The European Synchrotron
- CS40220
- 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9
- France
| | | | - Sergei M. Butorin
- Molecular and Condensed Matter Physics
- Department of Physics and Astronomy
- Uppsala University
- Uppsala
- Sweden
| | - Stepan N. Kalmykov
- Department of Chemistry
- Lomonosov Moscow State University
- Moscow
- Russian Federation
| | - Kristina O. Kvashnina
- The Rossendorf Beamline at ESRF – The European Synchrotron
- CS40220
- 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9
- France
- Helmholtz Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR)
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23
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Soldatov MA, Martini A, Bugaev AL, Pankin I, Medvedev PV, Guda AA, Aboraia AM, Podkovyrina YS, Budnyk AP, Soldatov AA, Lamberti C. The insights from X-ray absorption spectroscopy into the local atomic structure and chemical bonding of Metal–organic frameworks. Polyhedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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24
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Bao H, Duan P, Zhou J, Cao H, Li J, Yu H, Jiang Z, Liu H, Zhang L, Lin J, Chen N, Lin X, Liu Y, Huang Y, Wang JQ. Uranium-Induced Changes in Crystal-Field and Covalency Effects of Th4+ in Th1–xUxO2 Mixed Oxides Probed by High-Resolution X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:11404-11413. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b01142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Bao
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, PR China
| | - Peiquan Duan
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, PR China
| | - Hanjie Cao
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Jiong Li
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, PR China
| | - Haisheng Yu
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, PR China
| | - Zheng Jiang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, PR China
| | - Hongtao Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, PR China
| | - Linjuan Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, PR China
| | - Jian Lin
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, PR China
| | - Ning Chen
- Canadian Light Source, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 2 V3, Canada
| | - Xiao Lin
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Yancheng Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, PR China
| | - Yuying Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, PR China
| | - Jian-Qiang Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, PR China
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25
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Goodwin CAP, Réant BLL, Kragskow JGC, DiMucci IM, Lancaster KM, Mills DP, Sproules S. Heteroleptic samarium(iii) halide complexes probed by fluorescence-detected L 3-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:10613-10625. [PMID: 29790545 PMCID: PMC6083822 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt01452c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The novel series of heteroleptic Sm(iii) halide complexes provides the backdrop for a fluorescence-detected Lα1 X-ray absorption spectroscopic study.
The addition of various oxidants to the near-linear Sm(ii) complex [Sm(N††)2] (1), where N†† is the bulky bis(triisopropylsilyl)amide ligand {N(SiiPr3)2}, afforded a family of heteroleptic three-coordinate Sm(iii) halide complexes, [Sm(N††)2(X)] (X = F, 2-F; Cl, 2-Cl; Br, 2-Br; I, 2-I). In addition, the trinuclear cluster [{Sm(N††)}3(μ2-I)3(μ3-I)2] (3), which formally contains one Sm(ii) and two Sm(iii) centres, was isolated during the synthesis of 2-I. Complexes 2-X are remarkably stable towards ligand redistribution, which is often a facile process for heteroleptic complexes of smaller monodentate ligands in lanthanide chemistry, including the related bis(trimethylsilyl)amide {N(SiMe3)2} (N′′). Complexes 2-X and 3 have been characterised by single crystal X-ray diffraction, elemental analysis, multinuclear NMR, FTIR and electronic spectroscopy. The Lα1 fluorescence-detected X-ray absorption spectra recorded at the Sm L3-edge for 2-X exhibited a resolved pre-edge peak defined as an envelope of quadrupole-allowed 2p → 4f transitions. The X-ray absorption spectral features were successfully reproduced using time-dependent density functional theoretical (TD-DFT) calculations that synergistically support the experimental observations as well as the theoretical model upon which the electronic structure and bonding in these lanthanide complexes is derived.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conrad A P Goodwin
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Benjamin L L Réant
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Jon G C Kragskow
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Ida M DiMucci
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA.
| | - Kyle M Lancaster
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA.
| | - David P Mills
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Stephen Sproules
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry, The University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.
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26
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Gibson JK, de Jong WA, Dau PD, Gong Y. Heptavalent Actinide Tetroxides NpO4– and PuO4–: Oxidation of Pu(V) to Pu(VII) by Adding an Electron to PuO4. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:9156-9162. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b09721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John K. Gibson
- Chemical
Sciences Division and ‡Computational Research Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Wibe A. de Jong
- Chemical
Sciences Division and ‡Computational Research Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Phuong D. Dau
- Chemical
Sciences Division and ‡Computational Research Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Yu Gong
- Chemical
Sciences Division and ‡Computational Research Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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27
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Li Y, Yang Z, Wang Y, Bai Z, Zheng T, Dai X, Liu S, Gui D, Liu W, Chen M, Chen L, Diwu J, Zhu L, Zhou R, Chai Z, Albrecht-Schmitt TE, Wang S. A mesoporous cationic thorium-organic framework that rapidly traps anionic persistent organic pollutants. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1354. [PMID: 29116079 PMCID: PMC5677036 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01208-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Many environmental pollutants inherently exist in their anionic forms and are therefore highly mobile in natural water systems. Cationic framework materials that can capture those pollutants are highly desirable but scarcely reported. Here we present a mesoporous cationic thorium-based MOF (SCU-8) containing channels with a large inner diameter of 2.2 nm and possessing a high surface area of 1360 m2 g−1. The anion-exchange properties of SCU-8 were explored with many anions including small oxo anions like ReO4− and Cr2O72− as well as anionic organic dyes like methyl blue and the persistent organic pollutant, perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS). Both fast uptake kinetics and great sorption selectivity toward PFOS are observed. The underlying sorption mechanism was probed using quantum mechanical and molecular dynamics simulations. These computational results reveal that PFOS anions are immobilized in SCU-8 by driving forces including electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic interactions, and van der Waals interactions at different adsorption stages. Cationic metal-organic frameworks provide promising opportunities to capture anionic pollutants, but stable frameworks with sufficiently large pores are lacking. Here the authors present a thorium-based mesoporous, cationic and hydrolytically-stable MOF that can rapidly trap inorganic and organic anionic pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Li
- School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Zaixing Yang
- School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yanlong Wang
- School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Zhuanling Bai
- School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Tao Zheng
- School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xing Dai
- School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Shengtang Liu
- School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Daxiang Gui
- School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Wei Liu
- School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Meng Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Lanhua Chen
- School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Juan Diwu
- School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Lingyan Zhu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Ruhong Zhou
- School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China. .,Computational Biology Center, IBM Thomas J Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, 10598, USA. .,Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA.
| | - Zhifang Chai
- School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Thomas E Albrecht-Schmitt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftain Way, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Shuao Wang
- School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China.
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28
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Bahl S, Peuget S, Pidchenko I, Pruessmann T, Rothe J, Dardenne K, Delrieu J, Fellhauer D, Jégou C, Geckeis H, Vitova T. Pu Coexists in Three Oxidation States in a Borosilicate Glass: Implications for Pu Solubility. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:13982-13990. [PMID: 29087699 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b02118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Pu(III), Pu(IV), and a higher oxidation state of Pu, likely Pu(VI), are for the first time characterized simultaneously present in a borosilicate glass using Pu M5 edge high energy resolution X-ray absorption near edge structure (HR-XANES) technique. We illustrate that the method can be very efficiently used to determine Pu oxidation states, which control the solubility limit of Pu in a glass matrix. HR-XANES results show that the addition of excess Si3N4 is not sufficient for complete reduction of Pu to Pu(III), which has a relatively high solubility limit (9-22 wt % Pu) due to its network-modifying behavior in glasses. We provide evidence that the initially added Pu(VI) might be partly preserved during vitrification at 1200/1400 °C in Ar atmosphere. Pu(VI) could be very advantageous for vitrification of Pu-rich wastes, since it might reach solubility limits of 40 wt % comparable to U(VI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Bahl
- Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Sylvain Peuget
- Institut de Chimie Séparative de Marcoule, CEA Valrhô Marcoule, UMR 5257 , BP 17171, 30207 Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - Ivan Pidchenko
- Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Tim Pruessmann
- Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jörg Rothe
- Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Kathy Dardenne
- Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Julien Delrieu
- Institut de Chimie Séparative de Marcoule, CEA Valrhô Marcoule, UMR 5257 , BP 17171, 30207 Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - David Fellhauer
- Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Christophe Jégou
- Institut de Chimie Séparative de Marcoule, CEA Valrhô Marcoule, UMR 5257 , BP 17171, 30207 Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - Horst Geckeis
- Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Tonya Vitova
- Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
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29
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Vitova T, Pidchenko I, Fellhauer D, Bagus PS, Joly Y, Pruessmann T, Bahl S, Gonzalez-Robles E, Rothe J, Altmaier M, Denecke MA, Geckeis H. The role of the 5f valence orbitals of early actinides in chemical bonding. Nat Commun 2017; 8:16053. [PMID: 28681848 PMCID: PMC5504295 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms16053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the long standing debates in actinide chemistry is the level of localization and participation of the actinide 5f valence orbitals in covalent bonds across the actinide series. Here we illuminate the role of the 5f valence orbitals of uranium, neptunium and plutonium in chemical bonding using advanced spectroscopies: actinide M4,5 HR-XANES and 3d4f RIXS. Results reveal that the 5f orbitals are active in the chemical bonding for uranium and neptunium, shown by significant variations in the level of their localization evidenced in the spectra. In contrast, the 5f orbitals of plutonium appear localized and surprisingly insensitive to different bonding environments. We envisage that this report of using relative energy differences between the 5fδ/φ and 5fπ*/5fσ* orbitals as a qualitative measure of overlap-driven actinyl bond covalency will spark activity, and extend to numerous applications of RIXS and HR-XANES to gain new insights into the electronic structures of the actinide elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Vitova
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), P.O. 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - I. Pidchenko
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), P.O. 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - D. Fellhauer
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), P.O. 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - P. S. Bagus
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203-5017, USA
| | - Y. Joly
- University Grenoble Alpes, Inst NEEL, F-38042 Grenoble, France
- CNRS, Inst NEEL, F-38042 Grenoble, France
| | - T. Pruessmann
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), P.O. 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - S. Bahl
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), P.O. 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - E. Gonzalez-Robles
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), P.O. 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - J. Rothe
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), P.O. 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M. Altmaier
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), P.O. 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M. A. Denecke
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), P.O. 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - H. Geckeis
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), P.O. 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
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30
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Butorin SM, Kvashnina KO, Prieur D, Rivenet M, Martin PM. Characteristics of chemical bonding of pentavalent uranium in La-doped UO2. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:115-118. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc07684j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
HERFD-XAS studies clearly reveal U(v) formation in the cubic environment in UO2 as a result of La doping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei M. Butorin
- Molecular and Condensed Matter Physics
- Department of Physics and Astronomy
- Uppsala University
- SE-751 20 Uppsala
- Sweden
| | - Kristina O. Kvashnina
- The European Synchrotron
- CS40220
- 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9
- France
- Helmholtz Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR)
| | - Damien Prieur
- European Commission
- Joint Research Centre
- Institute for Transuranium Elements
- D-76125 Karlsruhe
- Germany
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