1
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Sabri E, Brosseau C. Electromechanical interactions between cell membrane and nuclear envelope: Beyond the standard Schwan's model of biological cells. Bioelectrochemistry 2024; 155:108583. [PMID: 37883860 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2023.108583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
We investigate little-appreciated features of the hierarchical core-shell (CS) models of the electrical, mechanical, and electromechanical interactions between the cell membrane (CM) and nuclear envelope (NE). We first consider a simple model of an individual cell based on a coupled resistor-capacitor (Schwan model (SM)) network and show that the CM, when exposed to ac electric fields, acts as a low pass filter while the NE acts as a wide and asymmetric bandpass filter. We provide a simplified calculation for characteristic time associated with the capacitive charging of the NE and parameterize its range of behavior. We furthermore observe several new features dealing with mechanical analogs of the SM based on elementary spring-damper combinations. The chief merit of these models is that they can predict creep compliance responses of an individual cell under static stress and their effective retardation time constants. Next, we use an alternative and a more accurate CS physical model solved by finite element simulations for which geometrical cell reshaping under electromechanical stress (electrodeformation (ED)) is included in a continuum approach with spatial resolution. We show that under an electric field excitation, the elongated nucleus scales differently compared to the electrodeformed cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Sabri
- Univ Brest, CNRS, Lab-STICC, CS 93837, 6 avenue Le Gorgeu, 29238 Brest Cedex 3, France
| | - Christian Brosseau
- Univ Brest, CNRS, Lab-STICC, CS 93837, 6 avenue Le Gorgeu, 29238 Brest Cedex 3, France.
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2
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Zhang L, Liu N, Wang X. Probe the nanoparticle-nucleus interaction via coarse-grained molecular model. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:30319-30329. [PMID: 37908190 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp02981f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
The present study reports on a computational model that systematically evaluates the effect of physical factors, including size, surface modification, and rigidity, on the nuclear uptake of nanoparticles (NPs). The NP-nucleus interaction is a crucial factor in biomedical applications such as drug delivery and cellular imaging. While experimental studies have provided evidence for the influence of size, shape, and surface modification on nuclear uptake, theoretical investigations on how these physical factors affect the entrance of NPs through the nuclear pore are lacking. Our results demonstrate that larger NPs require a higher amount of energy to enter the nucleus compared to smaller NPs. This highlights the importance of size as a critical factor in NP design for nuclear uptake. Additionally, surface modification of NPs can impact the nuclear uptake pathway, indicating the potential for tailored NP design for specific applications. Notably, our findings also reveal that the rigidity of NPs has a significant effect on the transport process. The interplay between physicochemical properties and nuclear pore is found to determine nuclear uptake efficiency. Taken together, our study provides new insights into the design of NPs for precise and controllable NP-nucleus interaction, with potential implications for the development of efficient and targeted drug delivery systems and imaging agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuyang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Liu
- School of Aerospace Engineering and Applied Mechanics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China.
| | - Xianqiao Wang
- College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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3
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Kim J. A Review of Continuum Mechanics for Mechanical Deformation of Lipid Membranes. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:membranes13050493. [PMID: 37233554 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13050493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical deformation of lipid membranes plays important roles in various cellular tasks. Curvature deformation and lateral stretching are two major energy contributions to the mechanical deformation of lipid membranes. In this paper, continuum theories for these two major membrane deformation events were reviewed. Theories based on curvature elasticity and lateral surface tension were introduced. Numerical methods as well as biological applications of the theories were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jichul Kim
- INTEGRITY Co., Ltd., 9, Gangnamseo-ro, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 16977, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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4
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Abstract
The cell nucleus is best known as the container of the genome. Its envelope provides a barrier for passive macromolecule diffusion, which enhances the control of gene expression. As its largest and stiffest organelle, the nucleus also defines the minimal space requirements of a cell. Internal or external pressures that deform a cell to its physical limits cause a corresponding nuclear deformation. Evidence is consolidating that the nucleus, in addition to its genetic functions, serves as a physical sensing device for critical cell body deformation. Nuclear mechanotransduction allows cells to adapt their acute behaviors, mechanical stability, paracrine signaling, and fate to their physical surroundings. This review summarizes the basic chemical and mechanical properties of nuclear components, and how these properties are thought to be utilized for mechanosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Niethammer
- Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA;
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5
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Loh D, Reiter RJ. Melatonin: Regulation of Biomolecular Condensates in Neurodegenerative Disorders. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1483. [PMID: 34573116 PMCID: PMC8465482 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomolecular condensates are membraneless organelles (MLOs) that form dynamic, chemically distinct subcellular compartments organizing macromolecules such as proteins, RNA, and DNA in unicellular prokaryotic bacteria and complex eukaryotic cells. Separated from surrounding environments, MLOs in the nucleoplasm, cytoplasm, and mitochondria assemble by liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) into transient, non-static, liquid-like droplets that regulate essential molecular functions. LLPS is primarily controlled by post-translational modifications (PTMs) that fine-tune the balance between attractive and repulsive charge states and/or binding motifs of proteins. Aberrant phase separation due to dysregulated membrane lipid rafts and/or PTMs, as well as the absence of adequate hydrotropic small molecules such as ATP, or the presence of specific RNA proteins can cause pathological protein aggregation in neurodegenerative disorders. Melatonin may exert a dominant influence over phase separation in biomolecular condensates by optimizing membrane and MLO interdependent reactions through stabilizing lipid raft domains, reducing line tension, and maintaining negative membrane curvature and fluidity. As a potent antioxidant, melatonin protects cardiolipin and other membrane lipids from peroxidation cascades, supporting protein trafficking, signaling, ion channel activities, and ATPase functionality during condensate coacervation or dissolution. Melatonin may even control condensate LLPS through PTM and balance mRNA- and RNA-binding protein composition by regulating N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modifications. There is currently a lack of pharmaceuticals targeting neurodegenerative disorders via the regulation of phase separation. The potential of melatonin in the modulation of biomolecular condensate in the attenuation of aberrant condensate aggregation in neurodegenerative disorders is discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris Loh
- Independent Researcher, Marble Falls, TX 78654, USA
| | - Russel J. Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
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6
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de Lange N, Kleijn JM, Leermakers FAM. Self-consistent field modeling of mesomorphic phase changes of monoolein and phospholipids in response to additives. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:14093-14108. [PMID: 34159985 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp00697e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mapping the topological phase behaviour of lipids in aqueous solution is time consuming and finding the ideal lipid system for a desired application is often a matter of trial and error. Modelling techniques that can accurately predict the mesomorphic phase behaviour of lipid systems are therefore of paramount importance. Here, the self-consistent field theory of Scheutjens and Fleer (SF-SCF) in which a lattice refinement has been implemented, is used to scrutinize how various additives modify the self-assembled phase behaviour of monoolein (MO) and 1,2-dioleoyl-phosphatidylcholine (DOPC) lipids in water. The mesomorphic behaviour is inferred from trends in the mechanical properties of equilibrium lipid bilayers with increasing additive content. More specifically, we focus on the Helfrich parameters, that is, the mean and Gaussian bending rigidities (κ and [small kappa, Greek, macron], respectively) supplemented with the spontaneous curvature of the monolayer (Jm0). We use previously established interaction parameters that position the unperturbed DOPC system in the lamellar Lα phase ([small kappa, Greek, macron] < 0, κ > 0 and Jm0 ≈ 0). Similar interaction parameters position the MO system firmly in a bicontinuous cubic phase ([small kappa, Greek, macron] > 0). In line with experimental data, a mixture of MO and DOPC tends to be in one of these two phases, depending on the mixing ratio. Moreover we find good correlations between predicted trends and experimental data concerning the phase changes of MO in response to a wide range of additives. These correlations give credibility to the use of SF-SCF modelling as a valuable tool to quickly explore the mesomorphic phase space of (phospho)lipid bilayer systems including additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- N de Lange
- Physical Chemistry & Soft Matter, Wageningen University and Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - J M Kleijn
- Physical Chemistry & Soft Matter, Wageningen University and Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - F A M Leermakers
- Physical Chemistry & Soft Matter, Wageningen University and Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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7
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Modelling Nuclear Morphology and Shape Transformation: A Review. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11070540. [PMID: 34357190 PMCID: PMC8304582 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11070540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
As one of the most important cellular compartments, the nucleus contains genetic materials and separates them from the cytoplasm with the nuclear envelope (NE), a thin membrane that is susceptible to deformations caused by intracellular forces. Interestingly, accumulating evidence has also indicated that the morphology change of NE is tightly related to nuclear mechanotransduction and the pathogenesis of diseases such as cancer and Hutchinson–Gilford Progeria Syndrome. Theoretically, with the help of well-designed experiments, significant progress has been made in understanding the physical mechanisms behind nuclear shape transformation in different cellular processes as well as its biological implications. Here, we review different continuum-level (i.e., energy minimization, boundary integral and finite element-based) approaches that have been developed to predict the morphology and shape change of the cell nucleus. Essential gradients, relative advantages and limitations of each model will be discussed in detail, with the hope of sparking a greater research interest in this important topic in the future.
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8
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Abstract
The cell nucleus is best known as the container of the genome. Its envelope provides a barrier for passive macromolecule diffusion, which enhances the control of gene expression. As its largest and stiffest organelle, the nucleus also defines the minimal space requirements of a cell. Internal or external pressures that deform a cell to its physical limits cause a corresponding nuclear deformation. Evidence is consolidating that the nucleus, in addition to its genetic functions, serves as a physical sensing device for critical cell body deformation. Nuclear mechanotransduction allows cells to adapt their acute behaviors, mechanical stability, paracrine signaling, and fate to their physical surroundings. This review summarizes the basic chemical and mechanical properties of nuclear components, and how these properties are thought to be utilized for mechanosensing. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology, Volume 37 is October 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Niethammer
- Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA;
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9
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Kostina NY, Wagner AM, Haraszti T, Rahimi K, Xiao Q, Klein ML, Percec V, Rodriguez-Emmenegger C. Unraveling topology-induced shape transformations in dendrimersomes. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:254-267. [PMID: 32789415 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm01097a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The vital functions of cell membranes require their ability to quickly change shape to perform complex tasks such as motion, division, endocytosis, and apoptosis. Membrane curvature in cells is modulated by very complex processes such as changes in lipid composition, the oligomerization of curvature-scaffolding proteins, and the reversible insertion of protein regions that act like wedges in the membrane. But, could much simpler mechanisms support membrane shape transformation? In this work, we demonstrate how the change of amphiphile topology in the bilayer can drive shape transformations of cell membrane models. To tackle this, we have designed and synthesized new types of amphiphiles-Janus dendrimers-that self-assemble into uni-, multilamellar, or smectic-ordered vesicles, named dendrimersomes. We synthesized Janus dendrimers containing a photo-labile bond that upon UV-Vis irradiation cleavage lose a part of the hydrophilic dendron. This leads to a change from a cylindrically to a wedge-shaped amphiphile. The high mobility of these dendrimers allows for the concentration of the wedge-shaped amphiphiles and the generation of transmembrane asymmetries. The concentration of the wedges and their rate of segregation allowed control of the budding and generation of structures such as tubules and high genus vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Yu Kostina
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Anna M Wagner
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Tamás Haraszti
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Khosrow Rahimi
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Qi Xiao
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, USA and Institute of Computational Molecular Science, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Michael L Klein
- Institute of Computational Molecular Science, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Virgil Percec
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, USA
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10
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Goswami R, Asnacios A, Hamant O, Chabouté ME. Is the plant nucleus a mechanical rheostat? CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 57:155-163. [PMID: 33128898 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2020.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Beyond its biochemical nature, the nucleus is also a physical object. There is accumulating evidence that its mechanics plays a key role in gene expression, cytoskeleton organization, and more generally in cell and developmental biology. Building on data mainly obtained from the animal literature, we show how nuclear mechanics may orchestrate development and gene expression. In other words, the nucleus may play the additional role of a mechanical rheostat. Although data from plant systems are still scarce, we pinpoint recent advances and highlight some differences with animal systems. Building on this survey, we propose a list of prospects for future research in plant nuclear mechanotransduction and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rituparna Goswami
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France; Laboratoire de Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, INRA, CNRS, 69364 Lyon, France
| | - Atef Asnacios
- Laboratoire Matières et Systèmes Complexes, Université de Paris, CNRS, Université Paris-Diderot, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Olivier Hamant
- Laboratoire de Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, INRA, CNRS, 69364 Lyon, France.
| | - Marie-Edith Chabouté
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France.
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11
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Abstract
During closed mitosis in fission yeast, growing microtubules push onto the nuclear envelope to deform it, which results in fission into two daughter nuclei. The resistance of the envelope to bending, quantified by the flexural stiffness, helps determine the microtubule-dependent nuclear shape transformations. Computational models of envelope mechanics have assumed values of the flexural stiffness of the envelope based on simple scaling arguments. The validity of these estimates is in doubt, however, owing to the complex structure of the nuclear envelope. Here, we performed computational analysis of the bending of the nuclear envelope under applied force using a model that accounts for envelope geometry. Our calculations show that the effective bending modulus of the nuclear envelope is an order of magnitude larger than a single membrane and approximately five times greater than the nuclear lamina. This large bending modulus is in part due to the 45 nm separation between the two membranes, which supports larger bending moments in the structure. Further, the effective bending modulus is highly sensitive to the geometry of the nuclear envelope, ranging from twofold to an order magnitude larger than the corresponding single membrane. These results suggest that spatial variations in geometry and mechanical environment of the envelope may cause a spatial distribution of flexural stiffness in the same nucleus. Overall, our calculations support the possibility that the nuclear envelope may balance significant mechanical stresses in yeast and in cells from higher organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Agrawal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204
| | - Tanmay P Lele
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
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12
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Doskocz J, Dałek P, Foryś A, Trzebicka B, Przybyło M, Mesarec L, Iglič A, Langner M. The effect of lipid phase on liposome stability upon exposure to the mechanical stress. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2020; 1862:183361. [PMID: 32422137 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2020.183361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Mechanical properties of a lipid bilayer are parameters determined mainly for giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs). It is not clear if values obtained on the GUV model can be directly translated to submicron large unilamellar vesicles (LUVs). This ambiguity is a major obstacle in exploring the effect of lipid bilayer mechanics on membrane associated processes and effectiveness of liposome-based targeted drug delivery systems. In presented work extrusion, which is a common method to prepare LUVs, was used to study liposomes preparation and stability upon exposure to mechanical stress. The effect of parameters of the extrusion process (temperature, membrane pore size, extrusion force and volumetric flux) on the properties of liposome suspension (average liposome size, polydispersity index and lipid recovery ratio) was determined for model liposomes composed of DPPC lipid. The state of the DPPC lipid bilayer depends on temperature, therefore, the effect of lipid bilayer mechanics on the extrusion process can be quantitated without altering membrane composition. The extrusion process was carried out with the automated extruder delivering quantitative data on the extrusion force and volumetric flux. Obtained results have been interpreted in terms of mechanical properties of the lipid bilayer. Determined mechanical properties of the lipid bilayer and its dependence on temperature are in good agreement with the literature results determined for GUVs. This shows that mechanical properties of the lipid bilayer does not depend on the liposome size in the range from 100 nm to hundreds of microns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Doskocz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, 50-377, Wrocław, pl. Grunwaldzki, 13, Poland.
| | - Paulina Dałek
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, 50-377, Wrocław, pl. Grunwaldzki, 13, Poland; Lipid Systems sp. z o.o., 54-613 Wrocław, ul. Krzemieniecka 48C, Poland
| | - Aleksander Foryś
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 41-819 Zabrze, ul. M. Curie-Skłodowskiej 34, Poland
| | - Barbara Trzebicka
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 41-819 Zabrze, ul. M. Curie-Skłodowskiej 34, Poland
| | | | - Luka Mesarec
- Laboratory of Physics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Tržaška 25, Slovenia
| | - Aleš Iglič
- Laboratory of Physics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Tržaška 25, Slovenia.; Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, National Research Council, 80131 Napoli, Pietro Castellino 111, Italy
| | - Marek Langner
- Lipid Systems sp. z o.o., 54-613 Wrocław, ul. Krzemieniecka 48C, Poland
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13
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Sneider A, Hah J, Wirtz D, Kim DH. Recapitulation of molecular regulators of nuclear motion during cell migration. Cell Adh Migr 2019; 13:50-62. [PMID: 30261154 PMCID: PMC6527386 DOI: 10.1080/19336918.2018.1506654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell migration is a highly orchestrated cellular event that involves physical interactions of diverse subcellular components. The nucleus as the largest and stiffest organelle in the cell not only maintains genetic functionality, but also actively changes its morphology and translocates through dynamic formation of nucleus-bound contractile stress fibers. Nuclear motion is an active and essential process for successful cell migration and nucleus self-repairs in response to compression and extension forces in complex cell microenvironment. This review recapitulates molecular regulators that are crucial for nuclear motility during cell migration and highlights recent advances in nuclear deformation-mediated rupture and repair processes in a migrating cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Sneider
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jungwon Hah
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Denis Wirtz
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dong-Hwee Kim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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14
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Zhang L, Becton MD, Liu N, Averett RD, Pidaparti RM, Wang X. Physiochemical Effects of Nanoparticles on Cell Nuclear Complex Pore Transport: A Coarse-Grained Computational Model. J Chem Theory Comput 2019; 15:6382-6392. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.9b00335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liuyang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Matthew D. Becton
- College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Ning Liu
- College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Rodney D. Averett
- College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Ramana M. Pidaparti
- College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Xianqiao Wang
- College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
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15
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Abstract
Cellular nuclei are bound by two uniformly separated lipid membranes that are fused with each other at numerous donut-shaped pores. These membranes are structurally supported by an array of distinct proteins with distinct mechanical functions. As a result, the nuclear envelope possesses unique mechanical properties, which enables it to resist cytoskeletal forces. Here, we review studies that are beginning to provide quantitative insights into nuclear membrane mechanics. We discuss how the mechanical properties of the fused nuclear membranes mediate their response to mechanical forces exerted on the nucleus and how structural reinforcement by different nuclear proteins protects the nuclear membranes against rupture. We also highlight some open questions in nuclear envelope mechanics, and discuss their relevance in the context of health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Agrawal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Tanmay P Lele
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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16
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Zhang Q, Tamashunas AC, Agrawal A, Torbati M, Katiyar A, Dickinson RB, Lammerding J, Lele TP. Local, transient tensile stress on the nuclear membrane causes membrane rupture. Mol Biol Cell 2019; 30:899-906. [PMID: 30566037 PMCID: PMC6589786 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e18-09-0604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cell migration through narrow constrictions generates compressive stresses on the nucleus that deform it and cause rupture of nuclear membranes. Nuclear membrane rupture allows uncontrolled exchange between nuclear and cytoplasmic contents. Local tensile stresses can also cause nuclear deformations, but whether such deformations are accompanied by nuclear membrane rupture is unknown. Here we used a direct force probe to locally deform the nucleus by applying a transient tensile stress to the nuclear membrane. We found that a transient (∼0.2 s) deformation (∼1% projected area strain) in normal mammary epithelial cells (MCF-10A cells) was sufficient to cause rupture of the nuclear membrane. Nuclear membrane rupture scaled with the magnitude of nuclear deformation and the magnitude of applied tensile stress. Comparison of diffusive fluxes of nuclear probes between wild-type and lamin-depleted MCF-10A cells revealed that lamin A/C, but not lamin B2, protects the nuclear membranes against rupture from tensile stress. Our results suggest that transient nuclear deformations typically caused by local tensile stresses are sufficient to cause nuclear membrane rupture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - Andrew C. Tamashunas
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - Ashutosh Agrawal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204
| | - Mehdi Torbati
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204
| | - Aditya Katiyar
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - Richard B. Dickinson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - Jan Lammerding
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology and Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Tanmay P. Lele
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
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17
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Chand S, Beales P, Claeyssens F, Ciani B. Topography design in model membranes: Where biology meets physics. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2018; 244:294-303. [PMID: 30379575 DOI: 10.1177/1535370218809369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT Artificial membranes with complex topography aid the understanding of biological processes where membrane geometry plays a key regulatory role. In this review, we highlight how emerging material and engineering technologies have been employed to create minimal models of cell signaling pathways, in vitro. These artificial systems allow life scientists to answer ever more challenging questions with regards to mechanisms in cellular biology. In vitro reconstitution of biology is an area that draws on the expertise and collaboration between biophysicists, material scientists and biologists and has recently generated a number of high impact results, some of which are also discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarina Chand
- 1 Centre for Membrane Structure and Dynamics, Krebs Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, UK.,2 The Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HQ, UK
| | - Paul Beales
- 3 School of Chemistry and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Frederik Claeyssens
- 2 The Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HQ, UK
| | - Barbara Ciani
- 1 Centre for Membrane Structure and Dynamics, Krebs Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, UK
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Alimohamadi H, Rangamani P. Modeling Membrane Curvature Generation due to Membrane⁻Protein Interactions. Biomolecules 2018; 8:E120. [PMID: 30360496 PMCID: PMC6316661 DOI: 10.3390/biom8040120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
To alter and adjust the shape of the plasma membrane, cells harness various mechanisms of curvature generation. Many of these curvature generation mechanisms rely on the interactions between peripheral membrane proteins, integral membrane proteins, and lipids in the bilayer membrane. Mathematical and computational modeling of membrane curvature generation has provided great insights into the physics underlying these processes. However, one of the challenges in modeling these processes is identifying the suitable constitutive relationships that describe the membrane free energy including protein distribution and curvature generation capability. Here, we review some of the commonly used continuum elastic membrane models that have been developed for this purpose and discuss their applications. Finally, we address some fundamental challenges that future theoretical methods need to overcome to push the boundaries of current model applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haleh Alimohamadi
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Padmini Rangamani
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA.
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