1
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Mashali F, Basham CM, Xu X, Servidio C, Silva PHJ, Stellacci F, Sarles SA. Simultaneous Electrophysiology and Imaging Reveal Changes in Lipid Membrane Thickness and Tension upon Uptake of Amphiphilic Gold Nanoparticles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:15031-15045. [PMID: 37812767 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c01973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Amphiphilic gold core nanoparticles (AmNPs) striped with hydrophilic 11-mercapto-1-undecanesulfonate (MUS) and hydrophobic 1-octanethiol (OT) ligands are promising candidates for drug carriers that passively and nondisruptively enter cells. Yet, how they interact with cellular membranes is still only partially understood. Herein, we use electrophysiology and imaging to carefully assess changes in droplet interface bilayer lipid membranes (DIBs) incurred by striped AmNPs added via microinjection. We find that AmNPs spontaneously reduce the steady-state specific capacitance and contact angle of phosphatidylcholine DIBs by amounts dependent on the final NP concentration. These reductions, which are greater for NPs with a higher % OT ligands and membranes containing unsaturated lipids but negligible for MUS-only-coated NPs, reveal that AmNPs passively embed in the interior of the bilayer where they increase membrane thickness and lateral tension through disruption of lipid packing. These results demonstrate the enhanced evaluation of nano-bio interactions possible via electrophysiology and imaging of DIBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzin Mashali
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Colin M Basham
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Xufeng Xu
- Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Camilla Servidio
- Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Paulo H Jacob Silva
- Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Stellacci
- Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Stephen A Sarles
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
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2
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Nair KS, Bajaj H. Advances in giant unilamellar vesicle preparation techniques and applications. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 318:102935. [PMID: 37320960 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2023.102935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) are versatile and promising cell-sized bio-membrane mimetic platforms. Their applications range from understanding and quantifying membrane biophysical processes to acting as elementary blocks in the bottom-up assembly of synthetic cells. Definite properties and requisite goals in GUVs are dictated by the preparation techniques critical to the success of their applications. Here, we review key advances in giant unilamellar vesicle preparation techniques and discuss their formation mechanisms. Developments in lipid hydration and emulsion techniques for GUV preparation are described. Novel microfluidic-based techniques involving lipid or surfactant-stabilized emulsions are outlined. GUV immobilization strategies are summarized, including gravity-based settling, covalent linking, and immobilization by microfluidic, electric, and magnetic barriers. Moreover, some of the key applications of GUVs as biomimetic and synthetic cell platforms during the last decade have been identified. Membrane interface processes like phase separation, membrane protein reconstitution, and membrane bending have been deciphered using GUVs. In addition, vesicles are also employed as building blocks to construct synthetic cells with defined cell-like functions comprising compartments, metabolic reactors, and abilities to grow and divide. We critically discuss the pros and cons of preparation technologies and the properties they confer to the GUVs and identify potential techniques for dedicated applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthika S Nair
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR- National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Trivandrum 695019, Kerala, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Human Resource Development Centre, Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Harsha Bajaj
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR- National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Trivandrum 695019, Kerala, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Human Resource Development Centre, Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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3
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Eremchev M, Roesel D, Dansette PM, Michailovas A, Roke S. High throughput wide field second harmonic imaging of giant unilamellar vesicles. Biointerphases 2023; 18:031202. [PMID: 37289033 DOI: 10.1116/6.0002640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-sized giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) are an ideal tool for understanding lipid membrane structure and properties. Label-free spatiotemporal images of their membrane potential and structure would greatly aid the quantitative understanding of membrane properties. In principle, second harmonic imaging is a great tool to do so, but the low degree of spatial anisotropy that arises from a single membrane limits its application. Here, we advance the use of wide-field high throughput SH imaging by SH imaging with the use of ultrashort laser pulses. We achieve a throughput improvement of 78% of the maximum theoretical value and demonstrate subsecond image acquisition times. We show how the interfacial water intensity can be converted into a quantitative membrane potential map. Finally, for GUV imaging, we compare this type of nonresonant SH imaging to resonant SH imaging and two photon imaging using fluorophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Eremchev
- Laboratory for Fundamental BioPhotonics (LBP), Institute of Bioengineering (IBI), School of Engineerinsg (STI), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - D Roesel
- Laboratory for Fundamental BioPhotonics (LBP), Institute of Bioengineering (IBI), School of Engineerinsg (STI), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - P-M Dansette
- Ekspla Ltd., Savanoriu Ave. 237, LT-02300 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - A Michailovas
- Ekspla Ltd., Savanoriu Ave. 237, LT-02300 Vilnius, Lithuania
- Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Savanoriu Ave. 231, LT-02300 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - S Roke
- Laboratory for Fundamental BioPhotonics (LBP), Institute of Bioengineering (IBI), School of Engineerinsg (STI), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering (IMX), School of Engineering (STI), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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4
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Tapie P, Prevost AM, Montel L, Pontani LL, Wandersman E. A simple method to make, trap and deform a vesicle in a gel. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5375. [PMID: 37009808 PMCID: PMC10068607 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31996-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We present a simple method to produce giant lipid pseudo-vesicles (vesicles with an oily cap on the top), trapped in an agarose gel. The method can be implemented using only a regular micropipette and relies on the formation of a water/oil/water double droplet in liquid agarose. We characterize the produced vesicle with fluorescence imaging and establish the presence and integrity of the lipid bilayer by the successful insertion of [Formula: see text]-Hemolysin transmembrane proteins. Finally, we show that the vesicle can be easily mechanically deformed, non-intrusively, by indenting the surface of the gel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Tapie
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), Laboratoire Jean Perrin (LJP), 4 place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Alexis M Prevost
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), Laboratoire Jean Perrin (LJP), 4 place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Lorraine Montel
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), Laboratoire Jean Perrin (LJP), 4 place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Léa-Laetitia Pontani
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), Laboratoire Jean Perrin (LJP), 4 place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France.
| | - Elie Wandersman
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), Laboratoire Jean Perrin (LJP), 4 place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France.
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5
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Pandey Y, Dondapati SK, Kubick S. Enriched cell-free and cell-based native membrane derived vesicles (nMV) enabling rapid in-vitro electrophysiological analysis of the voltage-gated sodium channel 1.5. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2023; 1865:184144. [PMID: 36889502 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2023.184144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Here, we demonstrate the utility of native membrane derived vesicles (nMVs) as tools for expeditious electrophysiological analysis of membrane proteins. We used a cell-free (CF) and a cell-based (CB) approach for preparing protein-enriched nMVs. We utilized the Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) lysate-based cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) system to enrich ER-derived microsomes in the lysate with the primary human cardiac voltage-gated sodium channel 1.5 (hNaV1.5; SCN5A) in 3 h. Subsequently, CB-nMVs were isolated from fractions of nitrogen-cavitated CHO cells overexpressing the hNaV1.5. In an integrative approach, nMVs were micro-transplanted into Xenopus laevis oocytes. CB-nMVs expressed native lidocaine-sensitive hNaV1.5 currents within 24 h; CF-nMVs did not elicit any response. Both the CB- and CF-nMV preparations evoked single-channel activity on the planar lipid bilayer while retaining sensitivity to lidocaine application. Our findings suggest a high usability of the quick-synthesis CF-nMVs and maintenance-free CB-nMVs as ready-to-use tools for in-vitro analysis of electrogenic membrane proteins and large, voltage-gated ion channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh Pandey
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses (IZI-BB), Am Mühlenberg 13, 14476 Potsdam, Germany; Institut für Biochemie und Biologie, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam OT Golm, Germany
| | - Srujan Kumar Dondapati
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses (IZI-BB), Am Mühlenberg 13, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Stefan Kubick
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses (IZI-BB), Am Mühlenberg 13, 14476 Potsdam, Germany; Technische Universität Berlin, Institute of Biotechnology, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany; Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 14195 Berlin, Germany; Faculty of Health Science, Joint Faculty of the Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, the Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane and the University of Potsdam, Germany
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6
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Regulation of membrane protein structure and function by their lipid nano-environment. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2023; 24:107-122. [PMID: 36056103 PMCID: PMC9892264 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-022-00524-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 129.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Transmembrane proteins comprise ~30% of the mammalian proteome, mediating metabolism, signalling, transport and many other functions required for cellular life. The microenvironment of integral membrane proteins (IMPs) is intrinsically different from that of cytoplasmic proteins, with IMPs solvated by a compositionally and biophysically complex lipid matrix. These solvating lipids affect protein structure and function in a variety of ways, from stereospecific, high-affinity protein-lipid interactions to modulation by bulk membrane properties. Specific examples of functional modulation of IMPs by their solvating membranes have been reported for various transporters, channels and signal receptors; however, generalizable mechanistic principles governing IMP regulation by lipid environments are neither widely appreciated nor completely understood. Here, we review recent insights into the inter-relationships between complex lipidomes of mammalian membranes, the membrane physicochemical properties resulting from such lipid collectives, and the regulation of IMPs by either or both. The recent proliferation of high-resolution methods to study such lipid-protein interactions has led to generalizable insights, which we synthesize into a general framework termed the 'functional paralipidome' to understand the mutual regulation between membrane proteins and their surrounding lipid microenvironments.
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7
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Basham CM, Spittle S, Sangoro J, El-Beyrouthy J, Freeman E, Sarles SA. Entrapment and Voltage-Driven Reorganization of Hydrophobic Nanoparticles in Planar Phospholipid Bilayers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:54558-54571. [PMID: 36459500 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c16677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Engineered nanoparticles (NPs) possess diverse physical and chemical properties, which make them attractive agents for targeted cellular interactions within the human body. Once affiliated with the plasma membrane, NPs can become embedded within its hydrophobic core, which can limit the intended therapeutic functionality and affect the associated toxicity. As such, understanding the physical effects of embedded NPs on a plasma membrane is critical to understanding their design and clinical use. Here, we demonstrate that functionalized, hydrophobic gold NPs dissolved in oil can be directly trapped within the hydrophobic interior of a phospholipid membrane assembled using the droplet interface bilayer technique. This approach to model membrane formation preserves lateral lipid diffusion found in cell membranes and permits simultaneous imaging and electrophysiology to study the effects of embedded NPs on the electromechanical properties of the bilayer. We show that trapped NPs enhance ion conductance and lateral membrane tension in 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC) and 1,2-diphytanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPhPC) bilayers while lowering the adhesive energy of the joined droplets. Embedded NPs also cause changes in bilayer capacitance and area in response to applied voltage, which are nonmonotonic for DOPC bilayers. This electrophysical characterization can reveal NP entrapment without relying on changes in membrane thickness. By evaluating the energetic components of membrane tension under an applied potential, we demonstrate that these nonmonotonic, voltage-dependent responses are caused by reversible clustering of NPs within the unsaturated DOPC membrane core; aggregates form spontaneously at low voltages and are dispersed by higher transmembrane potentials of magnitude similar to those found in the cellular environment. These findings allow for a better understanding of lipid-dependent NP interactions, while providing a platform to study relationships between other hydrophobic nanomaterials and organic membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin M Basham
- Mechanical Aerospace and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee37996, United States
| | - Stephanie Spittle
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee37996, United States
| | - Joshua Sangoro
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee37996, United States
| | - Joyce El-Beyrouthy
- School of Environmental, Civil, Agricultural, and Mechanical Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia30602, United States
| | - Eric Freeman
- School of Environmental, Civil, Agricultural, and Mechanical Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia30602, United States
| | - Stephen A Sarles
- Mechanical Aerospace and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee37996, United States
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8
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Biophysical quantification of unitary solute and solvent permeabilities to enable translation to membrane science. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.121308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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9
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Fletcher M, Zhu J, Rubio-Sánchez R, Sandler SE, Nahas KA, Michele LD, Keyser UF, Tivony R. DNA-Based Optical Quantification of Ion Transport across Giant Vesicles. ACS NANO 2022; 16:17128-17138. [PMID: 36222833 PMCID: PMC9620405 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c07496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Accurate measurements of ion permeability through cellular membranes remains challenging due to the lack of suitable ion-selective probes. Here we use giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) as membrane models for the direct visualization of mass translocation at the single-vesicle level. Ion transport is indicated with a fluorescently adjustable DNA-based sensor that accurately detects sub-millimolar variations in K+ concentration. In combination with microfluidics, we employed our DNA-based K+ sensor for extraction of the permeation coefficient of potassium ions. We measured K+ permeability coefficients at least 1 order of magnitude larger than previously reported values from bulk experiments and show that permeation rates across the lipid bilayer increase in the presence of octanol. In addition, an analysis of the K+ flux in different concentration gradients allows us to estimate the complementary H+ flux that dissipates the charge imbalance across the GUV membrane. Subsequently, we show that our sensor can quantify the K+ transport across prototypical cation-selective ion channels, gramicidin A and OmpF, revealing their relative H+/K+ selectivity. Our results show that gramicidin A is much more selective to protons than OmpF with a H+/K+ permeability ratio of ∼104.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Fletcher
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, CambridgeCB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Jinbo Zhu
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, CambridgeCB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Roger Rubio-Sánchez
- Department
of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, LondonW12 0BZ, U.K.
- fabriCELL,
Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial
College London, LondonW12 0BZ, U.K.
| | - Sarah E Sandler
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, CambridgeCB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Kareem Al Nahas
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, CambridgeCB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Lorenzo Di Michele
- Department
of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, LondonW12 0BZ, U.K.
- fabriCELL,
Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial
College London, LondonW12 0BZ, U.K.
| | - Ulrich F Keyser
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, CambridgeCB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Ran Tivony
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, CambridgeCB3 0HE, U.K.
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10
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Aleksanyan M, Faizi HA, Kirmpaki MA, Vlahovska PM, Riske KA, Dimova R. Assessing membrane material properties from the response of giant unilamellar vesicles to electric fields. ADVANCES IN PHYSICS: X 2022; 8:2125342. [PMID: 36211231 PMCID: PMC9536468 DOI: 10.1080/23746149.2022.2125342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of the material properties of membranes is crucial to understanding cell viability and physiology. A number of methods have been developed to probe membranes in vitro, utilizing the response of minimal biomimetic membrane models to an external perturbation. In this review, we focus on techniques employing giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs), model membrane systems, often referred to as minimal artificial cells because of the potential they offer to mimick certain cellular features. When exposed to electric fields, GUV deformation, dynamic response and poration can be used to deduce properties such as bending rigidity, pore edge tension, membrane capacitance, surface shear viscosity, excess area and membrane stability. We present a succinct overview of these techniques, which require only simple instrumentation, available in many labs, as well as reasonably facile experimental implementation and analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Aleksanyan
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Free University of Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hammad A. Faizi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Maria-Anna Kirmpaki
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Petia M. Vlahovska
- Engineering Sciences and Applied Mathematics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Karin A. Riske
- Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, 04039-032 Brazil
| | - Rumiana Dimova
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
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11
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Wan Y, Zong C, Li X, Wang A, Li Y, Yang T, Bao Q, Dubow M, Yang M, Rodrigo LA, Mao C. New Insights for Biosensing: Lessons from Microbial Defense Systems. Chem Rev 2022; 122:8126-8180. [PMID: 35234463 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c01063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Microorganisms have gained defense systems during the lengthy process of evolution over millions of years. Such defense systems can protect them from being attacked by invading species (e.g., CRISPR-Cas for establishing adaptive immune systems and nanopore-forming toxins as virulence factors) or enable them to adapt to different conditions (e.g., gas vesicles for achieving buoyancy control). These microorganism defense systems (MDS) have inspired the development of biosensors that have received much attention in a wide range of fields including life science research, food safety, and medical diagnosis. This Review comprehensively analyzes biosensing platforms originating from MDS for sensing and imaging biological analytes. We first describe a basic overview of MDS and MDS-inspired biosensing platforms (e.g., CRISPR-Cas systems, nanopore-forming proteins, and gas vesicles), followed by a critical discussion of their functions and properties. We then discuss several transduction mechanisms (optical, acoustic, magnetic, and electrical) involved in MDS-inspired biosensing. We further detail the applications of the MDS-inspired biosensors to detect a variety of analytes (nucleic acids, peptides, proteins, pathogens, cells, small molecules, and metal ions). In the end, we propose the key challenges and future perspectives in seeking new and improved MDS tools that can potentially lead to breakthrough discoveries in developing a new generation of biosensors with a combination of low cost; high sensitivity, accuracy, and precision; and fast detection. Overall, this Review gives a historical review of MDS, elucidates the principles of emulating MDS to develop biosensors, and analyzes the recent advancements, current challenges, and future trends in this field. It provides a unique critical analysis of emulating MDS to develop robust biosensors and discusses the design of such biosensors using elements found in MDS, showing that emulating MDS is a promising approach to conceptually advancing the design of biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in the South China Sea, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Marine College, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, P. R. China
| | - Chengli Zong
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in the South China Sea, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Marine College, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, P. R. China
| | - Xiangpeng Li
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Schools of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of California, San Francisco, 1700 Fourth Street, Byers Hall 303C, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Aimin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in the South China Sea, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Marine College, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, P. R. China
| | - Yan Li
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P. R. China
| | - Tao Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P. R. China
| | - Qing Bao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P. R. China
| | - Michael Dubow
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), UMR 9198 CNRS, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Campus C.N.R.S, Bâtiment 12, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Mingying Yang
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P. R. China
| | - Ledesma-Amaro Rodrigo
- Imperial College Centre for Synthetic Biology, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Chuanbin Mao
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Science Research Center, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P. R. China
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12
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Puza S, Caesar S, Poojari C, Jung M, Seemann R, Hub JS, Schrul B, Fleury JB. Lipid Droplets Embedded in a Model Cell Membrane Create a Phospholipid Diffusion Barrier. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2106524. [PMID: 35072348 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202106524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are ubiquitous, cytoplasmic fat storage organelles that originate from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. They are composed of a core of neutral lipids surrounded by a phospholipid monolayer. Proteins embedded into this monolayer membrane adopt a monotopic topology and are crucial for regulated lipid storage and consumption. A key question is, which collective properties of protein-intrinsic and lipid-mediated features determine spatio-temporal protein partitioning between phospholipid bilayer and LD monolayer membranes. To address this question, a freestanding phospholipid bilayer with physiological lipidic composition is produced using microfluidics and micrometer-sized LDs are dispersed around the bilayer that spontaneously insert into the bilayer. Using confocal microscopy, the 3D geometry of the reconstituted LDs is determined with high spatial resolution. The micrometer-sized bilayer-embedded LDs present a characteristic lens shape that obeys predictions from equilibrium wetting theory. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching measurements reveals the existence of a phospholipid diffusion barrier at the monolayer-bilayer interface. Coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulation reveals lipid specific density distributions along the pore rim, which may rationalize the diffusion barrier. The lipid diffusion barrier between the LD covering monolayer and the bilayer may be a key phenomenon influencing protein partitioning between the ER membrane and LDs in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevde Puza
- Saarland University, Experimental Physics and Center for Biophysics (ZBP), Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Stefanie Caesar
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Faculty of Medicine, Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Chetan Poojari
- Saarland University, Theoretical Physics and Center for Biophysics (ZBP), Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Michael Jung
- Saarland University, Experimental Physics and Center for Biophysics (ZBP), Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Ralf Seemann
- Saarland University, Experimental Physics and Center for Biophysics (ZBP), Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Jochen S Hub
- Saarland University, Theoretical Physics and Center for Biophysics (ZBP), Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Bianca Schrul
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Faculty of Medicine, Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Jean-Baptiste Fleury
- Saarland University, Experimental Physics and Center for Biophysics (ZBP), Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
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13
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Leomil FSC, Zoccoler M, Dimova R, Riske KA. PoET: automated approach for measuring pore edge tension in giant unilamellar vesicles. BIOINFORMATICS ADVANCES 2021; 1:vbab037. [PMID: 36700098 PMCID: PMC9710609 DOI: 10.1093/bioadv/vbab037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Motivation A reliable characterization of the membrane pore edge tension of single giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) requires the measurement of micrometer sized pores in hundreds to thousands of images. When manually performed, this procedure has shown to be extremely time-consuming and to generate inconsistent results among different users and imaging systems. A user-friendly software for such analysis allowing quick processing and generation of reproducible data had not yet been reported. Results We have developed a software (PoET) for automatic pore edge tension measurements on GUVs. The required image processing steps and the characterization of the pore dynamics are performed automatically within the software and its use allowed for a 30-fold reduction in the analysis time. We demonstrate the applicability of the software by comparing the pore edge tension of GUVs of different membrane compositions and surface charges. The approach was applied to electroporated GUVs but is applicable to other means of pore formation. Availability and implementation The complete software is implemented in Python and available for Windows at https://dx.doi.org/10.17617/3.7h. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics Advances online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda S C Leomil
- Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 043039-032, Brazil,Department of Theory and Bio Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam 14424, Germany
| | - Marcelo Zoccoler
- DFG Cluster of Excellence “Physics of Life”, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Rumiana Dimova
- Department of Theory and Bio Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam 14424, Germany,To whom correspondence should be addressed. or
| | - Karin A Riske
- Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 043039-032, Brazil,To whom correspondence should be addressed. or
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14
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Vitkova V, Yordanova V, Staneva G, Petkov O, Stoyanova-Ivanova A, Antonova K, Popkirov G. Dielectric Properties of Phosphatidylcholine Membranes and the Effect of Sugars. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11110847. [PMID: 34832076 PMCID: PMC8623822 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11110847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple carbohydrates are associated with the enhanced risk of cardiovascular disease and adverse changes in lipoproteins in the organism. Conversely, sugars are known to exert a stabilizing effect on biological membranes, and this effect is widely exploited in medicine and industry for cryopreservation of tissues and materials. In view of elucidating molecular mechanisms involved in the interaction of mono- and disaccharides with biomimetic lipid systems, we study the alteration of dielectric properties, the degree of hydration, and the rotational order parameter and dipole potential of lipid bilayers in the presence of sugars. Frequency-dependent deformation of cell-size unilamellar lipid vesicles in alternating electric fields and fast Fourier transform electrochemical impedance spectroscopy are applied to measure the specific capacitance of phosphatidylcholine lipid bilayers in sucrose, glucose and fructose aqueous solutions. Alteration of membrane specific capacitance is reported in sucrose solutions, while preservation of membrane dielectric properties is established in the presence of glucose and fructose. We address the effect of sugars on the hydration and the rotational order parameter for 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3- phosphocholine (POPC) and 1-stearoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3- phosphocholine (SOPC). An increased degree of lipid packing is reported in sucrose solutions. The obtained results provide evidence that some small carbohydrates are able to change membrane dielectric properties, structure, and order related to membrane homeostasis. The reported data are also relevant to future developments based on the response of lipid bilayers to external physical stimuli such as electric fields and temperature changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Vitkova
- Georgi Nadjakov Institute of Solid State Physics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 72 Tsarigradsko Chaussee, Blvd., 1784 Sofia, Bulgaria; (O.P.); (A.S.-I.); (K.A.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Vesela Yordanova
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (V.Y.); (G.S.)
| | - Galya Staneva
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (V.Y.); (G.S.)
| | - Ognyan Petkov
- Georgi Nadjakov Institute of Solid State Physics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 72 Tsarigradsko Chaussee, Blvd., 1784 Sofia, Bulgaria; (O.P.); (A.S.-I.); (K.A.)
| | - Angelina Stoyanova-Ivanova
- Georgi Nadjakov Institute of Solid State Physics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 72 Tsarigradsko Chaussee, Blvd., 1784 Sofia, Bulgaria; (O.P.); (A.S.-I.); (K.A.)
| | - Krassimira Antonova
- Georgi Nadjakov Institute of Solid State Physics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 72 Tsarigradsko Chaussee, Blvd., 1784 Sofia, Bulgaria; (O.P.); (A.S.-I.); (K.A.)
| | - Georgi Popkirov
- Central Laboratory of Solar Energy and New Energy Sources, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 72 Tsarigradsko Chaussee, Blvd., 1784 Sofia, Bulgaria;
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15
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Zoni V, Campomanes P, Vanni S. Investigating the structural properties of hydrophobic solvent-rich lipid bilayers. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:5329-5335. [PMID: 33969832 PMCID: PMC8170560 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm02270e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In vitro reconstitutions of lipid membranes have proven to be an indispensable tool to rationalize their molecular complexity and to understand their role in countless cellular processes. However, amongst the various techniques used to reconstitute lipid bilayers in vitro, several approaches are not solvent-free, but rather contain residual hydrophobic solvents in between the two bilayer leaflets, generally as a consequence of the procedure used to generate the bilayer. To what extent the presence of these hydrophobic solvents modifies bilayer properties with respect to native, solvent-free, conditions remains an open question that has important implications for the appropriate interpretation of numerous experimental observations. Here, we thorouhgly characterize hydrophobic solvent-rich lipid bilayers using atomistic molecular dynamics simulations. Our data indicate that while the presence of hydrophobic solvents at high concentrations, such as hexadecane, has a significant effect on membrane thickness, their effects on surface properties, membrane order and lateral stress are quite moderate. Our results corroborate the validity of in vitro approaches as model systems for the investigations of biological membranes but raise a few cautionary aspects that must be considered when investigating specific membrane properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Zoni
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
| | - Pablo Campomanes
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
| | - Stefano Vanni
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
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16
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Pazzi J, Subramaniam AB. Nanoscale Curvature Promotes High Yield Spontaneous Formation of Cell-Mimetic Giant Vesicles on Nanocellulose Paper. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:56549-56561. [PMID: 33284582 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c14485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
To date, techniques for the assembly of phospholipid films into cell-like giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) use planar surfaces and require the application of electric fields or dissolved molecules to obtain adequate yields. Here, we present the use of nanocellulose paper, which are surfaces composed of entangled cylindrical nanofibers, to promote the facile and high yield assembly of GUVs. Use of nanocellulose paper results in up to a 100 000-fold reduction in costs while increasing yields compared to extant surface-assisted assembly techniques. Quantitative measurements of yields and the distributions of sizes using large data set confocal microscopy illuminates the mechanism of assembly. We present a thermodynamic "budding and merging", BNM, model that offers a unified explanation for the differences in the yields and sizes of GUVs obtained from surfaces of varying geometry and chemistry. The BNM model considers the change in free energy due to budding by balancing the elastic, adhesion, and edge energies of a section of a surface-attached membrane that transitions into a surface-attached spherical bud. The model reveals that the formation of GUVs is spontaneous on hydrophilic surfaces consisting of entangled cylindrical nanofibers with dimensions similar to nanocellulose fibers. This work advances understanding of the effects of surface properties on the assembly of GUVs. It also addresses practical barriers that currently impede the promising use of GUVs as vehicles for the delivery of drugs, for the manufacturing of synthetic cells, and for the assembly of artificial tissues at scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Pazzi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Merced, Merced, California 95343, United States
| | - Anand Bala Subramaniam
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Merced, Merced, California 95343, United States
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17
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Peng Z, Kanno S, Shimba K, Miyamoto Y, Yagi T. Preparation of Size-controlled Giant Vesicles Under Physiological Conditions. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2020; 2020:2198-2201. [PMID: 33018443 DOI: 10.1109/embc44109.2020.9175877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Giant vesicles (GVs) are model cell membranes that function as tools for the study of cell membrane properties. Recently, researchers have been calling for GVs of specific sizes for use in studies with precise needs. In this paper, we report a method of forming GVs of specific sizes by using an agarose-swelling approach. The resulting GVs had a narrow size distribution and were successfully formed under physiological conditions.
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18
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Ardham VR, Zoni V, Adamowicz S, Campomanes P, Vanni S. Accurate Estimation of Membrane Capacitance from Atomistic Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Zwitterionic Lipid Bilayers. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:8278-8286. [PMID: 32856913 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c03145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Lipid membranes are indispensable to life, and they regulate countless cellular processes. To investigate the properties of membranes under controlled conditions, numerous reconstitution methods have been developed over the last few decades. Several of these methods result in the formation of lipid bilayers containing residual hydrophobic molecules between the two monolayers. These contaminants might alter membrane properties, including bilayer thickness, that is usually inferred from measurements of membrane capacitance assuming a simple slab model. However, recent measurements on solvent-free bilayers raised significant questions on the reliability of this approach. To reconcile the observed discrepancies, we developed a protocol to predict membrane capacitance from the dielectric profile of lipid bilayers computed from molecular dynamics simulations. Our methodology shows excellent agreement against available data on solvent-free noncharged bilayers, and it confirms that the uniform slab model is a reliable approximation from which to infer membrane capacitance. We find that the effective electrical thickness contributing to membrane capacitance is different from the hydrophobic thickness inferred from X-ray scattering form factors. We apply our model to estimate the concentration of residual solvent in reconstituted systems, and we propose that our protocol could be used to infer membrane properties in the presence of hydrophobic solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram Reddy Ardham
- Chemin du Musée 10, Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Valeria Zoni
- Chemin du Musée 10, Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Sylvain Adamowicz
- Chemin du Musée 10, Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Pablo Campomanes
- Chemin du Musée 10, Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Stefano Vanni
- Chemin du Musée 10, Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
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19
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Park I, Lim JW, Kim SH, Choi S, Ko KH, Son MG, Chang WJ, Yoon YR, Yang S, Key J, Kim YS, Eom K, Bashir R, Lee SY, Lee SW. Variable Membrane Dielectric Polarization Characteristic in Individual Live Cells. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:7197-7203. [PMID: 32813536 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c01427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Investigation of the dielectric properties of cell membranes plays an important role in understanding the biological activities that sustain cellular life and realize cellular functionalities. Herein, the variable dielectric polarization characteristics of cell membranes are reported. In controlling the dielectric polarization of a cell using dielectrophoresis force spectroscopy, different cellular crossover frequencies were observed by modulating both the direction and sweep rate of the frequency. The crossover frequencies were used for the extraction of the variable capacitance, which is involved in the dielectric polarization across the cell membranes. In addition, this variable phenomenon was investigated by examining cells whose membranes were cholesterol-depleted with methyl-β-cyclodextrin, which verified a strong correlation between the variable dielectric polarization characteristics and membrane composition changes. This study presented the dielectric polarization properties in live cells' membranes that can be modified by the regulation of external stimuli and provided a powerful platform to explore cellular membrane dielectric polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Insu Park
- Holonyak Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Jong Won Lim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Korea
| | - Sung Hoon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Korea Nazarene University, Chungnam 31172, Korea
| | - Seungyeop Choi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Korea
| | - Kwan Hwi Ko
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Korea
| | - Myung Gu Son
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Korea
| | - Woo-Jin Chang
- Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | - Young Ro Yoon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Korea
| | - Sejung Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Korea
| | - Jaehong Key
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Korea
| | - Yoon Suk Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Korea
| | - Kilho Eom
- Biomechanics Laboratory, College of Sport Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Rashid Bashir
- Holonyak Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Carle Illinois College of Medicine, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Mayo-Illinois Alliance for Technology Based Healthcare, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Sei Young Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Korea
| | - Sang Woo Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Korea
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20
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Skinkle AD, Levental KR, Levental I. Cell-Derived Plasma Membrane Vesicles Are Permeable to Hydrophilic Macromolecules. Biophys J 2020; 118:1292-1300. [PMID: 32053777 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2019.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Giant plasma membrane vesicles (GPMVs) are a widely used experimental platform for biochemical and biophysical analysis of isolated mammalian plasma membranes (PMs). A core advantage of these vesicles is that they maintain the native lipid and protein diversity of the PM while affording the experimental flexibility of synthetic giant vesicles. In addition to fundamental investigations of PM structure and composition, GPMVs have been used to evaluate the binding of proteins and small molecules to cell-derived membranes and the permeation of drug-like molecules through them. An important assumption of such experiments is that GPMVs are sealed, i.e., that permeation occurs by diffusion through the hydrophobic core rather than through hydrophilic pores. Here, we demonstrate that this assumption is often incorrect. We find that most GPMVs isolated using standard preparations are passively permeable to various hydrophilic solutes as large as 40 kDa, in contrast to synthetic giant unilamellar vesicles. We attribute this leakiness to stable, relatively large, and heterogeneous pores formed by rupture of vesicles from cells. Finally, we identify preparation conditions that minimize poration and allow evaluation of sealed GPMVs. These unexpected observations of GPMV poration are important for interpreting experiments utilizing GPMVs as PM models, particularly for drug permeation and membrane asymmetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison D Skinkle
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas; Biological and Biomedical Sciences Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Kandice R Levental
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Ilya Levental
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas.
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21
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Velasco-Olmo A, Ormaetxea Gisasola J, Martinez Galvez JM, Vera Lillo J, Shnyrova AV. Combining patch-clamping and fluorescence microscopy for quantitative reconstitution of cellular membrane processes with Giant Suspended Bilayers. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7255. [PMID: 31076583 PMCID: PMC6510758 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43561-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In vitro reconstitution and microscopic visualization of membrane processes is an indispensable source of information about a cellular function. Here we describe a conceptionally novel free-standing membrane template that facilitates such quantitative reconstitution of membrane remodelling at different scales. The Giant Suspended Bilayers (GSBs) spontaneously swell from lipid lamella reservoir deposited on microspheres. GSBs attached to the reservoir can be prepared from virtually any lipid composition following a fast procedure. Giant unilamellar vesicles can be further obtained by GSB detachment from the microspheres. The reservoir stabilizes GSB during deformations, mechanical micromanipulations, and fluorescence microscopy observations, while GSB-reservoir boundary enables the exchange of small solutes with GSB interior. These unique properties allow studying macro- and nano-scale membrane deformations, adding membrane-active compounds to both sides of GSB membrane and applying patch-clamp based approaches, thus making GSB a versatile tool for reconstitution and quantification of cellular membrane trafficking events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariana Velasco-Olmo
- Biofisika Institute (UPV/EHU, CSIC) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Julene Ormaetxea Gisasola
- Biofisika Institute (UPV/EHU, CSIC) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Martinez Galvez
- Biofisika Institute (UPV/EHU, CSIC) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Javier Vera Lillo
- Biofisika Institute (UPV/EHU, CSIC) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Anna V Shnyrova
- Biofisika Institute (UPV/EHU, CSIC) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country, Bilbao, Spain.
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22
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Dimova R. Giant Vesicles and Their Use in Assays for Assessing Membrane Phase State, Curvature, Mechanics, and Electrical Properties. Annu Rev Biophys 2019; 48:93-119. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biophys-052118-115342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Giant unilamellar vesicles represent a promising and extremely useful model biomembrane system for systematic measurements of mechanical, thermodynamic, electrical, and rheological properties of lipid bilayers as a function of membrane composition, surrounding media, and temperature. The most important advantage of giant vesicles over other model membrane systems is that the membrane responses to external factors such as ions, (macro)molecules, hydrodynamic flows, or electromagnetic fields can be directly observed under the microscope. Here, we briefly review approaches for giant vesicle preparation and describe several assays used for deducing the membrane phase state and measuring a number of material properties, with further emphasis on membrane reshaping and curvature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rumiana Dimova
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Science Park Golm, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
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23
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Rideau E, Wurm FR, Landfester K. Self‐Assembly of Giant Unilamellar Vesicles by Film Hydration Methodologies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 3:e1800324. [DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201800324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emeline Rideau
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Frederik R. Wurm
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
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24
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Polymer membranes as templates for bio-applications ranging from artificial cells to active surfaces. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.12.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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25
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Electrophysiological interrogation of asymmetric droplet interface bilayers reveals surface-bound alamethicin induces lipid flip-flop. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2019; 1861:335-343. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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26
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Vitkova V, Mitkova D, Antonova K, Popkirov G, Dimova R. Sucrose solutions alter the electric capacitance and dielectric permittivity of lipid bilayers. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2018.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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27
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Pick H, Alves AC, Vogel H. Single-Vesicle Assays Using Liposomes and Cell-Derived Vesicles: From Modeling Complex Membrane Processes to Synthetic Biology and Biomedical Applications. Chem Rev 2018; 118:8598-8654. [PMID: 30153012 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The plasma membrane is of central importance for defining the closed volume of cells in contradistinction to the extracellular environment. The plasma membrane not only serves as a boundary, but it also mediates the exchange of physical and chemical information between the cell and its environment in order to maintain intra- and intercellular functions. Artificial lipid- and cell-derived membrane vesicles have been used as closed-volume containers, representing the simplest cell model systems to study transmembrane processes and intracellular biochemistry. Classical examples are studies of membrane translocation processes in plasma membrane vesicles and proteoliposomes mediated by transport proteins and ion channels. Liposomes and native membrane vesicles are widely used as model membranes for investigating the binding and bilayer insertion of proteins, the structure and function of membrane proteins, the intramembrane composition and distribution of lipids and proteins, and the intermembrane interactions during exo- and endocytosis. In addition, natural cell-released microvesicles have gained importance for early detection of diseases and for their use as nanoreactors and minimal protocells. Yet, in most studies, ensembles of vesicles have been employed. More recently, new micro- and nanotechnological tools as well as novel developments in both optical and electron microscopy have allowed the isolation and investigation of individual (sub)micrometer-sized vesicles. Such single-vesicle experiments have revealed large heterogeneities in the structure and function of membrane components of single vesicles, which were hidden in ensemble studies. These results have opened enormous possibilities for bioanalysis and biotechnological applications involving unprecedented miniaturization at the nanometer and attoliter range. This review will cover important developments toward single-vesicle analysis and the central discoveries made in this exciting field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Horst Pick
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering , Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , CH-1015 Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Ana Catarina Alves
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering , Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , CH-1015 Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Horst Vogel
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering , Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , CH-1015 Lausanne , Switzerland
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28
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Garten M, Nasamu AS, Niles JC, Zimmerberg J, Goldberg DE, Beck JR. EXP2 is a nutrient-permeable channel in the vacuolar membrane of Plasmodium and is essential for protein export via PTEX. Nat Microbiol 2018; 3:1090-1098. [PMID: 30150733 PMCID: PMC6158082 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-018-0222-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Garten
- Section on Integrative Biophysics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Armiyaw S Nasamu
- Departments of Medicine and Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jacquin C Niles
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Joshua Zimmerberg
- Section on Integrative Biophysics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Daniel E Goldberg
- Departments of Medicine and Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Josh R Beck
- Departments of Medicine and Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
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Ali Doosti B, Cans AS, Jeffries GDM, Lobovkina T. Membrane Remodeling of Giant Vesicles in Response to Localized Calcium Ion Gradients. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 30059020 PMCID: PMC6126466 DOI: 10.3791/57789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In a wide variety of fundamental cell processes, such as membrane trafficking and apoptosis, cell membrane shape transitions occur concurrently with local variations in calcium ion concentration. The main molecular components involved in these processes have been identified; however, the specific interplay between calcium ion gradients and the lipids within the cell membrane is far less known, mainly due to the complex nature of biological cells and the difficultly of observation schemes. To bridge this gap, a synthetic approach is successfully implemented to reveal the localized effect of calcium ions on cell membrane mimics. Establishing a mimic to resemble the conditions within a cell is a severalfold problem. First, an adequate biomimetic model with appropriate dimensions and membrane composition is required to capture the physical properties of cells. Second, a micromanipulation setup is needed to deliver a small amount of calcium ions to a particular membrane location. Finally, an observation scheme is required to detect and record the response of the lipid membrane to the external stimulation. This article offers a detailed biomimetic approach for studying the calcium ion-membrane interaction, where a lipid vesicle system, consisting of a giant unilamellar vesicle (GUV) connected to a multilamellar vesicle (MLV), is exposed to a localized calcium gradient formed using a microinjection system. The dynamics of the ionic influence on the membrane were observed using fluorescence microscopy and recorded at video frame rates. As a result of the membrane stimulation, highly curved membrane tubular protrusions (MTPs) formed inside the GUV, oriented away from the membrane. The described approach induces the remodeling of the lipid membrane and MTP production in an entirely contactless and controlled manner. This approach introduces a means to address the details of calcium ion-membrane interactions, providing new avenues to study the mechanisms of cell membrane reshaping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baharan Ali Doosti
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology
| | - Ann-Sofie Cans
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology
| | - Gavin D M Jeffries
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology
| | - Tatsiana Lobovkina
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology;
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Matsumura R, Yamamoto H, Hayakawa T, Katsurabayashi S, Niwano M, Hirano-Iwata A. Dependence and Homeostasis of Membrane Impedance on Cell Morphology in Cultured Hippocampal Neurons. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9905. [PMID: 29967389 PMCID: PMC6028398 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28232-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The electrical impedance of cell membranes is important for excitable cells, such as neurons, because it strongly influences the amount of membrane potential change upon a flow of ionic current across the membrane. Here, we report on an investigation of how neuronal morphology affects membrane impedance of cultured hippocampal neurons. Microfabricated substrates with patterned scaffolding molecules were used to restrict the neurite growth of hippocampal neurons, and the impedance was measured via whole-cell patch-clamp recording under the inhibition of voltage-dependent ion channels. Membrane impedance was found to depend inversely on the dendrite length and soma area, as would be expected from the fact that its electrical property is equivalent to a parallel RC circuit. Moreover, we found that in biological neurons, the membrane impedance is homeostatically regulated to impede changes in the membrane area. The findings provide direct evidence on cell-autonomous regulation of neuronal impedance and pave the way towards elucidating the mechanism responsible for the resilience of biological neuronal networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Matsumura
- Research Institute of Electrical Communication, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Hideaki Yamamoto
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan.
- WPI-AIMR, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Hayakawa
- Research Institute of Electrical Communication, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Shutaro Katsurabayashi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - Michio Niwano
- Research Institute of Electrical Communication, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
- Kansei Fukushi Research Institute, Tohoku Fukushi University, 6-149-1 Kunimigaoka, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 989-3201, Japan
| | - Ayumi Hirano-Iwata
- Research Institute of Electrical Communication, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
- WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research (WPI-AIMR), Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
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31
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Beltramo PJ, Scheidegger L, Vermant J. Toward Realistic Large-Area Cell Membrane Mimics: Excluding Oil, Controlling Composition, and Including Ion Channels. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:5880-5888. [PMID: 29715042 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b00837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Capacitance measurements provide unique insights into the thickness, compressibility, and composition of large-area membrane bilayers and are used here in addition to demonstrate the successful incorporation of model ion channels. The simultaneous ability to control the bilayer size, manipulate tension, and optically monitor and electrically stimulate freestanding membranes enables precise determination of their specific capacitance and thickness across a wide range of areas. We confirm that membranes formed by this recently developed technique have capacitive properties similar to those formed by existing protocols, including solvent-free approaches, and discuss the effect using either hexadecane or squalene as the oil solvent. The results obtained here are relevant for other methods where lipid membranes are reconstituted from a bulk oil solvent. Because biological membranes have a diverse phospholipid profile, we show that the technique can successfully reconstitute membranes with binary composition mixtures. As an outlook, we show the capability of model membrane proteins, specifically α-hemolysin and alamethicin, to be incorporated into the formed bilayers and measure ion transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Beltramo
- Department of Chemical Engineering , University of Massachusetts Amherst , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
| | - Laura Scheidegger
- Department of Materials , ETH Zürich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5 , 8093 Zürich , Switzerland
| | - Jan Vermant
- Department of Materials , ETH Zürich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5 , 8093 Zürich , Switzerland
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32
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Bhatia T, Agudo-Canalejo J, Dimova R, Lipowsky R. Membrane Nanotubes Increase the Robustness of Giant Vesicles. ACS NANO 2018; 12:4478-4485. [PMID: 29659246 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b00640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) provide a direct connection between the nano- and the microregime. On the one hand, these vesicles represent biomimetic compartments with linear dimensions of many micrometers. On the other hand, the vesicle walls are provided by single molecular bilayers that have a thickness of a few nanometers and respond sensitively to molecular interactions with small solutes, biopolymers, and nanoparticles. These nanoscopic responses are amplified by the GUVs and can then be studied on much larger scales. Therefore, GUVs are increasingly used as a versatile research tool for basic membrane science, bioengineering, and synthetic biology. Conventional GUVs have one major drawback, however: they have only a limited capability to cope with external perturbations such as osmotic inflation, adhesion, or micropipette aspiration that tend to rupture the membranes. In contrast, cell membranes tolerate the same kinds of mechanical perturbations without rupture because the latter membranes are coupled to reservoirs of membrane area. Here, we introduce GUVs with membrane nanotubes as model systems that include such area reservoirs. To demonstrate the increased robustness of these tubulated vesicles, we use micropipette aspiration and changes in the osmotic conditions applied to phospholipid membranes doped with the glycolipid GM1. A quantitative comparison between theory and experiment reveals that the response of the GUVs is governed by the membranes' spontaneous tension, a curvature-elastic material parameter that describes the bilayer asymmetry on the nanoscale. Because of their increased robustness, GUVs with nanotubes represent improved research tools for membrane science, in general, with potential applications as storage and delivery systems and as cell-like microcompartments in bioengineering, pharmacology, and synthetic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tripta Bhatia
- Theory & Biosystems , Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , 14424 Potsdam , Germany
| | - Jaime Agudo-Canalejo
- Rudolf Peierls Centre for Theoretical Physics , University of Oxford , Oxford OX1 3NP , U.K
- Department of Chemistry , The Pennsylvania State University , University Park , Pennsylvania 16802 , United States
| | - Rumiana Dimova
- Theory & Biosystems , Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , 14424 Potsdam , Germany
| | - Reinhard Lipowsky
- Theory & Biosystems , Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , 14424 Potsdam , Germany
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33
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Sachs F. Mechanical Transduction and the Dark Energy of Biology. Biophys J 2018; 114:3-9. [PMID: 29320693 PMCID: PMC5984904 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2017.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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34
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Dao T, Fauquignon M, Fernandes F, Ibarboure E, Vax A, Prieto M, Le Meins J. Membrane properties of giant polymer and lipid vesicles obtained by electroformation and pva gel-assisted hydration methods. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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