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Muñoz-Reyes D, McClelland LJ, Arroyo-Urea S, Sánchez-Yepes S, Sabín J, Pérez-Suárez S, Menendez M, Mansilla A, García-Nafría J, Sprang S, Sanchez-Barrena MJ. The neuronal calcium sensor NCS-1 regulates the phosphorylation state and activity of the Gα chaperone and GEF Ric-8A. eLife 2023; 12:e86151. [PMID: 38018500 PMCID: PMC10732572 DOI: 10.7554/elife.86151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The neuronal calcium sensor 1 (NCS-1), an EF-hand Ca2+ binding protein, and Ric-8A coregulate synapse number and probability of neurotransmitter release. Recently, the structures of Ric-8A bound to Gα have revealed how Ric-8A phosphorylation promotes Gα recognition and activity as a chaperone and guanine nucleotide exchange factor. However, the molecular mechanism by which NCS-1 regulates Ric-8A activity and its interaction with Gα subunits is not well understood. Given the interest in the NCS-1/Ric-8A complex as a therapeutic target in nervous system disorders, it is necessary to shed light on this molecular mechanism of action at atomic level. We have reconstituted NCS-1/Ric-8A complexes to conduct a multimodal approach and determine the sequence of Ca2+ signals and phosphorylation events that promote the interaction of Ric-8A with Gα. Our data show that the binding of NCS-1 and Gα to Ric-8A are mutually exclusive. Importantly, NCS-1 induces a structural rearrangement in Ric-8A that traps the protein in a conformational state that is inaccessible to casein kinase II-mediated phosphorylation, demonstrating one aspect of its negative regulation of Ric-8A-mediated G-protein signaling. Functional experiments indicate a loss of Ric-8A guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) activity toward Gα when complexed with NCS-1, and restoration of nucleotide exchange activity upon increasing Ca2+ concentration. Finally, the high-resolution crystallographic data reported here define the NCS-1/Ric-8A interface and will allow the development of therapeutic synapse function regulators with improved activity and selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Muñoz-Reyes
- Department of Crystallography and Structural Biology, Institute of Physical-Chemistry 'Blas Cabrera', CSICMadridSpain
| | - Levi J McClelland
- Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, and Division of Biological Sciences, University of MontanaMissoulaUnited States
| | - Sandra Arroyo-Urea
- Institute for Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI) and Laboratorio de Microscopías Avanzadas (LMA), University of ZaragozaZaragozaSpain
| | - Sonia Sánchez-Yepes
- Department of Neurobiology, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario Ramón y CajalMadridSpain
| | - Juan Sabín
- AFFINImeter Scientific & Development team, Software 4 Science DevelopmentsSantiago de CompostelaSpain
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Universidad de Santiago de CompostelaSantiago de CompostelaSpain
| | - Sara Pérez-Suárez
- Department of Crystallography and Structural Biology, Institute of Physical-Chemistry 'Blas Cabrera', CSICMadridSpain
| | - Margarita Menendez
- Department of Biological Physical-Chemisty, Institute of Physical-Chemistry 'Blas Cabrera', CSICMadridSpain
- Ciber of Respiratory Diseases, ISCIIIMadridSpain
| | - Alicia Mansilla
- Department of Neurobiology, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario Ramón y CajalMadridSpain
- Department of Systems Biology, Universidad de AlcalaMadridSpain
| | - Javier García-Nafría
- Institute for Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI) and Laboratorio de Microscopías Avanzadas (LMA), University of ZaragozaZaragozaSpain
| | - Stephen Sprang
- Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, and Division of Biological Sciences, University of MontanaMissoulaUnited States
| | - Maria Jose Sanchez-Barrena
- Department of Crystallography and Structural Biology, Institute of Physical-Chemistry 'Blas Cabrera', CSICMadridSpain
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2
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Cogram P, Fernández-Beltrán LC, Casarejos MJ, Sánchez-Yepes S, Rodríguez-Martín E, García-Rubia A, Sánchez-Barrena MJ, Gil C, Martínez A, Mansilla A. The inhibition of NCS-1 binding to Ric8a rescues fragile X syndrome mice model phenotypes. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1007531. [PMID: 36466176 PMCID: PMC9709425 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1007531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is caused by the loss of function of Fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP). FXS is one of the leading monogenic causes of intellectual disability (ID) and autism. Although it is caused by the failure of a single gene, FMRP that functions as an RNA binding protein affects a large number of genes secondarily. All these genes represent hundreds of potential targets and different mechanisms that account for multiple pathological features, thereby hampering the search for effective treatments. In this scenario, it seems desirable to reorient therapies toward more general approaches. Neuronal calcium sensor 1 (NCS-1), through its interaction with the guanine-exchange factor Ric8a, regulates the number of synapses and the probability of the release of a neurotransmitter, the two neuronal features that are altered in FXS and other neurodevelopmental disorders. Inhibitors of the NCS-1/Ric8a complex have been shown to be effective in restoring abnormally high synapse numbers as well as improving associative learning in FMRP mutant flies. Here, we demonstrate that phenothiazine FD44, an NCS-1/Ric8a inhibitor, has strong inhibition ability in situ and sufficient bioavailability in the mouse brain. More importantly, administration of FD44 to two different FXS mouse models restores well-known FXS phenotypes, such as hyperactivity, associative learning, aggressive behavior, stereotype, or impaired social approach. It has been suggested that dopamine (DA) may play a relevant role in the behavior and in neurodevelopmental disorders in general. We have measured DA and its metabolites in different brain regions, finding a higher metabolic rate in the limbic area, which is also restored with FD44 treatment. Therefore, in addition to confirming that the NCS-1/Ric8a complex is an excellent therapeutic target, we demonstrate the rescue effect of its inhibitor on the behavior of cognitive and autistic FXS mice and show DA metabolism as a FXS biochemical disease marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Cogram
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity (IEB), Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- FRAXA-DVI, FRAXA Research Foundation, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis C. Fernández-Beltrán
- Department of Neurobiology, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - María José Casarejos
- Department of Neurobiology, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonia Sánchez-Yepes
- Department of Neurobiology, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eulalia Rodríguez-Martín
- Department of Immunology, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfonso García-Rubia
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Carmen Gil
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Martínez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia Mansilla
- Department of Neurobiology, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biology Systems, Universidad de Alcala, Madrid, Spain
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3
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A preliminary, prospective study of peripheral neuropathy and cognitive function in patients with breast cancer during taxane therapy. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0275648. [PMID: 36206298 PMCID: PMC9543876 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Dramatic improvements in cancer survival have occurred in the last decade, but the quality of life for many survivors is compromised due to severe, long-lasting, and often irreversible side effects of chemotherapy. The neurological side effects, chemotherapy induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) and cancer related/induced cognitive impairment (CRCI/CICI), are under-recognized and can occur after chemotherapy, immunotherapy, or radiation. The cellular mechanisms underlying these neurological side effects are poorly understood and there are no effective treatments or preventions, other than reduction or termination of cancer therapy. In our preliminary prospective, non-interventional study to examine the side effects of chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer (NCT03872141), patients with breast cancer who received standard of care single agent weekly taxane-based chemotherapy were assessed at baseline, midpoint, and end of treatment for neurological and cognitive changes and for blood levels of potential protein biomarkers (n = 13). CIPN and CRCI both showed an increase in severity with accumulating taxane and these changes were compared to protein alternations over the course of treatment. Using peripheral blood collected from patients (n = 10) during chemotherapy and tested with an antibody array curated by the MD Anderson RPPA Core), we found that 19 proteins were increased, and 12 proteins decreased over 12 weeks of treatment. Among those downregulate were proteins known to be critical for neuronal viability and function including GRB2 (growth factor receptor-bound protein 2) and NCS1 (neuronal calcium sensor 1). Concurrently, proteins associated with apoptosis, including BAK1 (Bcl-1 homologous antagonist/killer), were upregulated. These results support the proposal that CIPN and CRCI increase with increasing taxane exposure, and identified several proteins that are altered with taxane exposure that could be implicated in their pathogenesis. In conclusion, our study provides evidence for progressive neurological changes and the rationale to investigate the molecular basis for these changes with the goal of target identification for mitigation of these neurological side effects.
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4
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NCS1 overexpression restored mitochondrial activity and behavioral alterations in a zebrafish model of Wolfram syndrome. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2022; 27:295-308. [PMID: 36320410 PMCID: PMC9594121 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2022.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Wolfram syndrome (WS) is a rare neurodegenerative disease resulting in deafness, optic atrophy, diabetes, and neurological disorders. Currently, no treatment is available for patients. The mutated gene, WFS1, encodes an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) protein, Wolframin. We previously reported that Wolframin regulated the ER-mitochondria Ca2+ transfer and mitochondrial activity by protecting NCS1 from degradation in patients' fibroblasts. We relied on a zebrafish model of WS, the wfs1ab KO line, to analyze the functional and behavioral impact of NCS1 overexpression as a novel therapeutic strategy. The wfs1ab KO line showed an increased locomotion in the visual motor and touch-escape responses. The absence of wfs1 did not impair the cellular unfolded protein response, in basal or tunicamycin-induced ER stress conditions. In contrast, metabolic analysis showed an increase in mitochondrial respiration in wfs1ab KO larvae. Interestingly, overexpression of NCS1 using mRNA injection restored the alteration of mitochondrial respiration and hyperlocomotion. Taken together, these data validated the wfs1ab KO zebrafish line as a pertinent experimental model of WS and confirmed the therapeutic potential of NCS1. The wfs1ab KO line therefore appeared as an efficient model to identify novel therapeutic strategies, such as gene or pharmacological therapies targeting NCS1 that will correct or block WS symptoms.
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5
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Fischer TT, Nguyen LD, Ehrlich BE. Neuronal calcium sensor 1 (NCS1) dependent modulation of neuronal morphology and development. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21873. [PMID: 34499766 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100731r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+ ) signaling is critical for neuronal functioning and requires the concerted interplay of numerous Ca2+ -binding proteins, including neuronal calcium sensor 1 (NCS1). Although an important role of NCS1 in neuronal processes and in neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases has been established, the underlying mechanisms remain enigmatic. Here, we systematically investigated the functions of NCS1 in the brain. Using Golgi-Cox staining, we observed a reduction in dendritic complexity and spine density in the prefrontal cortex and the dorsal hippocampus of Ncs1-/- mice, which may underlie concomitantly observed deficits in memory acquisition. Subsequent RNA sequencing of Ncs1-/- and Ncs1+/+ mouse brain tissues revealed that NCS1 modulates gene expression related to neuronal morphology and development. Investigation of developmental databases further supported a molecular role of NCS1 during brain development by identifying temporal gene expression patterns. Collectively, this study provides insights into NCS1-dependent signaling and lays the foundation for a better understanding of NCS1-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom T Fischer
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Institute of Pharmacology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lien D Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Barbara E Ehrlich
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Celluar and Molecular Physiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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6
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Comprehensive somatosensory and neurological phenotyping of NCS1 knockout mice. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2372. [PMID: 33504822 PMCID: PMC7840744 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81650-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuronal calcium sensor 1 (NCS1) regulates a wide range of cellular functions throughout the mammalian nervous systems. Altered NCS1 expression is associated with neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases. Previous studies focused on affective and cognitive behaviors in NCS1 knockout (KO) mice, but little is known about the physiological and pathological states associated with the loss of NCS1 in the peripheral nervous system. We previously reported that NCS1 expression was reduced following paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy. Here, we comprehensively investigated the phenotypes of NCS1-KO mice through a battery of behavioral tests examining both central and peripheral nervous systems. Generally, only mild differences were observed in thermal sensation and memory acquisition between NCS1-WT and -KO male mice, but not in female mice. No differences were observed in motor performance, affective behaviors, and hearing in both sexes. These results suggest that NCS1 plays a modulatory role in sensory perceptions and cognition, particularly in male mice. NCS1 has been proposed as a pharmacological target for various diseases. Therefore, the sex-specific effects of NCS1 loss may be of clinical interest. As we examined a constitutive KO model, future studies focusing on various conditional KO models will further elucidate the precise physiological significance of NCS1.
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7
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Disorder in a two-domain neuronal Ca 2+-binding protein regulates domain stability and dynamics using ligand mimicry. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 78:2263-2278. [PMID: 32936312 PMCID: PMC7966663 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03639-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the interplay between sequence, structure and function of proteins has been complicated in recent years by the discovery of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs), which perform biological functions in the absence of a well-defined three-dimensional fold. Disordered protein sequences account for roughly 30% of the human proteome and in many proteins, disordered and ordered domains coexist. However, few studies have assessed how either feature affects the properties of the other. In this study, we examine the role of a disordered tail in the overall properties of the two-domain, calcium-sensing protein neuronal calcium sensor 1 (NCS-1). We show that loss of just six of the 190 residues at the flexible C-terminus is sufficient to severely affect stability, dynamics, and folding behavior of both ordered domains. We identify specific hydrophobic contacts mediated by the disordered tail that may be responsible for stabilizing the distal N-terminal domain. Moreover, sequence analyses indicate the presence of an LSL-motif in the tail that acts as a mimic of native ligands critical to the observed order-disorder communication. Removing the disordered tail leads to a shorter life-time of the ligand-bound complex likely originating from the observed destabilization. This close relationship between order and disorder may have important implications for how investigations into mixed systems are designed and opens up a novel avenue of drug targeting exploiting this type of behavior.
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8
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Nguyen LD, Fischer TT, Abreu D, Arroyo A, Urano F, Ehrlich BE. Calpain inhibitor and ibudilast rescue β cell functions in a cellular model of Wolfram syndrome. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:17389-17398. [PMID: 32632005 PMCID: PMC7382278 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2007136117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Wolfram syndrome is a rare multisystem disease characterized by childhood-onset diabetes mellitus and progressive neurodegeneration. Most cases are attributed to pathogenic variants in a single gene, Wolfram syndrome 1 (WFS1). There currently is no disease-modifying treatment for Wolfram syndrome, as the molecular consequences of the loss of WFS1 remain elusive. Because diabetes mellitus is the first diagnosed symptom of Wolfram syndrome, we aimed to further examine the functions of WFS1 in pancreatic β cells in the context of hyperglycemia. Knockout (KO) of WFS1 in rat insulinoma (INS1) cells impaired calcium homeostasis and protein kinase B/Akt signaling and, subsequently, decreased cell viability and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Targeting calcium homeostasis with reexpression of WFS1, overexpression of WFS1's interacting partner neuronal calcium sensor-1 (NCS1), or treatment with calpain inhibitor and ibudilast reversed deficits observed in WFS1-KO cells. Collectively, our findings provide insight into the disease mechanism of Wolfram syndrome and highlight new targets and drug candidates to facilitate the development of a treatment for this disorder and similar diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lien D Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Tom T Fischer
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Heidelberg, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Damien Abreu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Alfredo Arroyo
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Fumihiko Urano
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Barbara E Ehrlich
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520;
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520
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9
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Ng E, Georgiou J, Avila A, Trought K, Mun HS, Hodgson M, Servinis P, Roder JC, Collingridge GL, Wong AHC. Mice lacking neuronal calcium sensor-1 show social and cognitive deficits. Behav Brain Res 2019; 381:112420. [PMID: 31821787 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal calcium sensor-1 or Frequenin is a calcium sensor widely expressed in the nervous system, with roles in neurotransmission, neurite outgrowth, synaptic plasticity, learning, and motivated behaviours. Neuronal calcium sensor-1 has been implicated in neuropsychiatric disorders including autism spectrum disorder, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder. However, the role of neuronal calcium sensor-1 in behavioural phenotypes and brain changes relevant to autism spectrum disorder have not been evaluated. We show that neuronal calcium sensor-1 deletion in the mouse leads to a mild deficit in social approach and impaired displaced object recognition without affecting social interactions, behavioural flexibility, spatial reference memory, anxiety-like behaviour, or sensorimotor gating. Morphologically, neuronal calcium sensor-1 deletion leads to increased dendritic arbour complexity in the frontal cortex. At the level of hippocampal synaptic plasticity, neuronal calcium sensor-1 deletion leads to a reduction in long-term potentiation in the dentate gyrus, but not area Cornu Ammonis 1. Metabotropic glutamate receptor-induced long-term depression was unaffected in both dentate and Cornu Ammonis 1. These studies identify roles for neuronal calcium sensor-1 in specific subregions of the brain including a phenotype relevant to neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enoch Ng
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X5, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - John Georgiou
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Ariel Avila
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X5, Canada; Basic Science Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción (UCSC), Concepción, 4090541, Chile
| | - Kathleen Trought
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Ho-Suk Mun
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X5, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Meggie Hodgson
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Panayiotis Servinis
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - John C Roder
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X5, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Graham L Collingridge
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X5, Canada; Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases and Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Albert H C Wong
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada; Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 1R8, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 1R8, Canada.
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10
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Portela M, Venkataramani V, Fahey-Lozano N, Seco E, Losada-Perez M, Winkler F, Casas-Tintó S. Glioblastoma cells vampirize WNT from neurons and trigger a JNK/MMP signaling loop that enhances glioblastoma progression and neurodegeneration. PLoS Biol 2019; 17:e3000545. [PMID: 31846454 PMCID: PMC6917273 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GB) is the most lethal brain tumor, and Wingless (Wg)-related integration site (WNT) pathway activation in these tumors is associated with a poor prognosis. Clinically, the disease is characterized by progressive neurological deficits. However, whether these symptoms result from direct or indirect damage to neurons is still unresolved. Using Drosophila and primary xenografts as models of human GB, we describe, here, a mechanism that leads to activation of WNT signaling (Wg in Drosophila) in tumor cells. GB cells display a network of tumor microtubes (TMs) that enwrap neurons, accumulate Wg receptor Frizzled1 (Fz1), and, thereby, deplete Wg from neurons, causing neurodegeneration. We have defined this process as "vampirization." Furthermore, GB cells establish a positive feedback loop to promote their expansion, in which the Wg pathway activates cJun N-terminal kinase (JNK) in GB cells, and, in turn, JNK signaling leads to the post-transcriptional up-regulation and accumulation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which facilitate TMs' infiltration throughout the brain, TMs' network expansion, and further Wg depletion from neurons. Consequently, GB cells proliferate because of the activation of the Wg signaling target, β-catenin, and neurons degenerate because of Wg signaling extinction. Our findings reveal a molecular mechanism for TM production, infiltration, and maintenance that can explain both neuron-dependent tumor progression and also the neural decay associated with GB.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Varun Venkataramani
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Frank Winkler
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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11
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Simons C, Benkert J, Deuter N, Poetschke C, Pongs O, Schneider T, Duda J, Liss B. NCS-1 Deficiency Affects mRNA Levels of Genes Involved in Regulation of ATP Synthesis and Mitochondrial Stress in Highly Vulnerable Substantia nigra Dopaminergic Neurons. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:252. [PMID: 31827421 PMCID: PMC6890851 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal Ca2+ sensor proteins (NCS) transduce changes in Ca2+ homeostasis into altered signaling and neuronal function. NCS-1 activity has emerged as important for neuronal viability and pathophysiology. The progressive degeneration of dopaminergic (DA) neurons, particularly within the Substantia nigra (SN), is the hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD), causing its motor symptoms. The activity-related Ca2+ homeostasis of SN DA neurons, mitochondrial dysfunction, and metabolic stress promote neurodegeneration and PD. In contrast, NCS-1 in general has neuroprotective effects. The underlying mechanisms are unclear. We analyzed transcriptional changes in SN DA neurons upon NCS-1 loss by combining UV-laser microdissection and RT-qPCR-approaches to compare expression levels of a panel of PD and/or Ca2+-stress related genes from wildtype and NCS-1 KO mice. In NCS-1 KO, we detected significantly lower mRNA levels of mitochondrially coded ND1, a subunit of the respiratory chain, and of the neuron-specific enolase ENO2, a glycolytic enzyme. We also detected lower levels of the mitochondrial uncoupling proteins UCP4 and UCP5, the PARK7 gene product DJ-1, and the voltage-gated Ca2+ channel Cav2.3 in SN DA neurons from NCS-1 KO. Transcripts of other analyzed uncoupling proteins (UCPs), mitochondrial Ca2+ transporters, PARK genes, and ion channels were not altered. As Cav channels are linked to regulation of gene expression, metabolic stress and degeneration of SN DA neurons in PD, we analyzed Cav2.3 KO mice, to address if the transcriptional changes in NCS-1 KO were also present in Cav.2.3 KO, and thus probably correlated with lower Cav2.3 transcripts. However, in SN DA neurons from Cav2.3 KO mice, ND1 mRNA as well as genomic DNA levels were elevated, while ENO2, UCP4, UCP5, and DJ-1 transcript levels were not altered. In conclusion, our data indicate a possible novel function of NCS-1 in regulating gene transcription or stabilization of mRNAs in SN DA neurons. Although we do not provide functional data, our findings at the transcript level could point to impaired ATP production (lower ND1 and ENO2) and elevated metabolic stress (lower UCP4, UCP5, and DJ-1 levels) in SN DA neurons from NCS-1 KO mice. We speculate that NCS-1 is involved in stimulating ATP synthesis, while at the same time controlling mitochondrial metabolic stress, and in this way could protect SN DA neurons from degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Simons
- Institute of Applied Physiology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Julia Benkert
- Institute of Applied Physiology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Nora Deuter
- Institute of Applied Physiology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Olaf Pongs
- Institute of Physiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, University of the Saarland, Homburg, Germany
| | - Toni Schneider
- Institute of Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Johanna Duda
- Institute of Applied Physiology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Birgit Liss
- Institute of Applied Physiology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.,New College, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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12
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Nguyen LD, Petri ET, Huynh LK, Ehrlich BE. Characterization of NCS1-InsP3R1 interaction and its functional significance. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:18923-18933. [PMID: 31659121 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.009736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (InsP3Rs) are endoplasmic reticulum-localized channels that mediate Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum into the cytoplasm. We previously reported that an EF-hand Ca2+-binding protein, neuronal calcium sensor 1 (NCS1), binds to the InsP3R and thereby increases channel open probability, an event associated with chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy. However, the exact NCS1-binding site on InsP3R remains unknown. Using protein docking, co-immunoprecipitation, and blocking peptides, we mapped the NCS1-binding site to residues 66-110 on the suppressor domain of InsP3R type 1 (InsP3R1). We also identified Leu-89, a residue in the hydrophobic pocket of NCS1, as being critical for facilitating the NCS1-InsP3R1 interaction. Overexpression of WT NCS1 in MDA-MB231 breast cancer cells increased Ca2+ signaling and survival, whereas overexpression of Leu-89 NCS1 variants decreased Ca2+ signaling and survival, further suggesting the importance of this residue in the NCS1-InsP3R1 interaction. In conclusion, we show that NCS1-InsP3R1 interaction enhances intracellular Ca2+ signaling in cells and can be modulated by altering or occluding the hydrophobic pocket of NCS1. This improved understanding of the NCS1-InsP3R1 interaction may facilitate the development of management strategies for diseases resulting from aberrant NCS1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lien D Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520; Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - Edward T Petri
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad 21000, Serbia, and the
| | - Larry K Huynh
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - Barbara E Ehrlich
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520; Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520.
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13
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Insights into real-time chemical processes in a calcium sensor protein-directed dynamic library. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2798. [PMID: 31243268 PMCID: PMC6595003 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10627-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamic combinatorial chemistry (DCC) has proven its potential in drug discovery speeding the identification of modulators of biological targets. However, the exchange chemistries typically take place under specific reaction conditions, with limited tools capable of operating under physiological parameters. Here we report a catalyzed protein-directed DCC working at low temperatures that allows the calcium sensor NCS-1 to find the best ligands in situ. Ultrafast NMR identifies the reaction intermediates of the acylhydrazone exchange, tracing the molecular assemblies and getting a real-time insight into the essence of DCC processes at physiological pH. Additionally, NMR, X-ray crystallography and computational methods are employed to elucidate structural and mechanistic aspects of the molecular recognition event. The DCC approach leads us to the identification of a compound stabilizing the NCS-1/Ric8a complex and whose therapeutic potential is proven in a Drosophila model of disease with synaptic alterations. Dynamic combinatorial chemistry (DCC) is instrumental in the discovery of ligands for pharmaceutical targets. Here, the authors adapted DCC to work at 4 degrees Celsius and used it to identify a ligand for Neuronal Calcium Sensor-1 that promotes NCS-1/Ric8a protein-protein interaction.
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14
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Burgoyne RD, Helassa N, McCue HV, Haynes LP. Calcium Sensors in Neuronal Function and Dysfunction. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2019; 11:cshperspect.a035154. [PMID: 30833454 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a035154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Calcium signaling in neurons as in other cell types can lead to varied changes in cellular function. Neuronal Ca2+ signaling processes have also become adapted to modulate the function of specific pathways over a wide variety of time domains and these can have effects on, for example, axon outgrowth, neuronal survival, and changes in synaptic strength. Ca2+ also plays a key role in synapses as the trigger for fast neurotransmitter release. Given its physiological importance, abnormalities in neuronal Ca2+ signaling potentially underlie many different neurological and neurodegenerative diseases. The mechanisms by which changes in intracellular Ca2+ concentration in neurons can bring about diverse responses is underpinned by the roles of ubiquitous or specialized neuronal Ca2+ sensors. It has been established that synaptotagmins have key functions in neurotransmitter release, and, in addition to calmodulin, other families of EF-hand-containing neuronal Ca2+ sensors, including the neuronal calcium sensor (NCS) and the calcium-binding protein (CaBP) families, play important physiological roles in neuronal Ca2+ signaling. It has become increasingly apparent that these various Ca2+ sensors may also be crucial for aspects of neuronal dysfunction and disease either indirectly or directly as a direct consequence of genetic variation or mutations. An understanding of the molecular basis for the regulation of the targets of the Ca2+ sensors and the physiological roles of each protein in identified neurons may contribute to future approaches to the development of treatments for a variety of human neuronal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert D Burgoyne
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Nordine Helassa
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah V McCue
- Centre for Genomic Research, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Lee P Haynes
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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15
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Ratai O, Hermainski J, Ravichandran K, Pongs O. NCS-1 Deficiency Is Associated With Obesity and Diabetes Type 2 in Mice. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:78. [PMID: 31001084 PMCID: PMC6456702 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuronal calcium sensor-1 (NCS-1) knockout (KO) in mice (NCS-1−/− mice) evokes behavioral phenotypes ranging from learning deficits to avolition and depressive-like behaviors. Here, we showed that with the onset of adulthood NCS-1−/− mice gain considerable weight. Adult NCS-1−/− mice are obese, especially when fed a high-fat diet (HFD), are hyperglycemic and hyperinsulinemic and thus develop a diabetes type 2 phenotype. In comparison to wild type (WT) NCS-1−/− mice display a significant increase in adipose tissue mass. NCS-1−/− adipocytes produce insufficient serum concentrations of resistin and adiponectin. In contrast to WT littermates, adipocytes of NCS-1−/− mice are incapable of up-regulating insulin receptor (IR) concentration in response to HFD. Thus, HFD-fed NCS-1−/− mice exhibit in comparison to WT littermates a significantly reduced IR expression, which may explain the pronounced insulin resistance observed especially with HFD-fed NCS-1−/− mice. We observed a direct correlation between NCS-1 and IR concentrations in the adipocyte membrane and that NCS-1 can be co-immunoprecipitated with IR indicating a direct interplay between NCS-1 and IR. We propose that NCS-1 plays an important role in adipocyte function and that NCS-1 deficiency gives rise to obesity and diabetes type 2 in adult mice. Given the association of altered NCS-1 expression with behaviorial abnormalities, NCS-1−/− mice may offer an interesting perspective for studying in a mouse model a potential genetic link between some psychiatric disorders and the risk of being obese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Ratai
- Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPPM), Institute for Cellular Neurophysiology, University of the Saarland, Homburg, Germany
| | - Joanna Hermainski
- Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPPM), Institute for Cellular Neurophysiology, University of the Saarland, Homburg, Germany
| | - Keerthana Ravichandran
- Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPPM), Institute for Cellular Neurophysiology, University of the Saarland, Homburg, Germany
| | - Olaf Pongs
- Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPPM), Institute for Cellular Neurophysiology, University of the Saarland, Homburg, Germany
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16
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Bandura J, Feng ZP. Current Understanding of the Role of Neuronal Calcium Sensor 1 in Neurological Disorders. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:6080-6094. [PMID: 30719643 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-1497-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal calcium sensor 1 (NCS-1) is a high-affinity calcium-binding protein and its ubiquitous expression in the nervous system implies a wide range of functions. To date, it has been implicated in regulation of calcium channels in both axonal growth cones and presynaptic terminals, pre- and postsynaptic plasticity mechanisms, learning and memory behaviors, dopaminergic signaling, and axonal regeneration. This review summarizes these functions and relates them to several diseases in which NCS-1 plays a role, such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, X-linked mental retardation and fragile X syndrome, and spinal cord injury. Many questions remain unanswered about the role of NCS-1 in these diseases, particularly as the genetic factors that control NCS-1 expression in both normal and diseased states are still poorly understood. The review further identifies the therapeutic potential of manipulating the interaction of NCS-1 with its many targets and suggests directions for future research on the role of NCS-1 in these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Bandura
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 3306 MSB, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Zhong-Ping Feng
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 3306 MSB, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.
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17
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Papanikolopoulou K, Mudher A, Skoulakis E. An assessment of the translational relevance of Drosophila in drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2019; 14:303-313. [PMID: 30664368 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2019.1569624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Drosophila melanogaster offers a powerful expedient and economical system with facile genetics. Because of the high sequence and functional conservation with human disease-associated genes, it has been cardinal in deciphering disease mechanisms at the genetic and molecular level. Drosophila are amenable to and respond well to pharmaceutical treatment which coupled to their genetic tractability has led to discovery, repositioning, and validation of a number of compounds. Areas covered: This review summarizes the generation of fly models of human diseases, their advantages and use in elucidation of human disease mechanisms. Representative studies provide examples of the utility of this system in modeling diseases and the discovery, repositioning and testing on pharmaceuticals to ameliorate them. Expert opinion: Drosophila offers a facile and economical whole animal system with many homologous organs to humans, high functional conservation and established methods of generating and validating human disease models. Nevertheless, it remains relatively underused as a drug discovery tool probably because its relevance to mammalian systems remains under question. However, recent exciting success stories using Drosophila disease models for drug screening, repositioning and validation strongly suggest that fly models should figure prominently in the drug discovery pipeline from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Papanikolopoulou
- a Division of Neuroscience , Biomedical Sciences Research Centre "Alexander Fleming" , Vari , Greece
| | - Amrit Mudher
- b Centre for Biological Sciences , University of Southampton , Southampton , UK
| | - Efthimios Skoulakis
- a Division of Neuroscience , Biomedical Sciences Research Centre "Alexander Fleming" , Vari , Greece
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18
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Mansilla A, Jordán-Álvarez S, Santana E, Jarabo P, Casas-Tintó S, Ferrús A. Molecular mechanisms that change synapse number. J Neurogenet 2018; 32:155-170. [DOI: 10.1080/01677063.2018.1506781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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19
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Androschuk A, He RX, Weber S, Rosenfelt C, Bolduc FV. Stress Odorant Sensory Response Dysfunction in Drosophila Fragile X Syndrome Mutants. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:242. [PMID: 30135642 PMCID: PMC6092503 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sensory processing dysfunction (SPD) is present in most patients with intellectual disability (ID) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Silencing expression of the Fragile X mental retardation 1 (FMR1) gene leads to Fragile X syndrome (FXS), the most common single gene cause of ID and ASD. Drosophila have a highly conserved FMR1 ortholog, dfmr1. dfmr1 mutants display cognitive and social defects reminiscent of symptoms seen in individuals with FXS. We utilized a robust behavioral assay for sensory processing of the Drosophila stress odorant (dSO) to gain a better understanding of the molecular basis of SPD in FXS. Here, we show that dfmr1 mutant flies present significant defects in dSO response. We found that dfmr1 expression in mushroom bodies is required for dSO processing. We also show that cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling via PKA is activated after exposure to dSO and that several drugs regulating both cAMP and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels significantly improved defects in dSO processing in dfmr1 mutant flies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaura Androschuk
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Richard X He
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Savannah Weber
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Cory Rosenfelt
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Francois V Bolduc
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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20
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Roca C, Martinez-González L, Daniel-Mozo M, Sastre J, Infantes L, Mansilla A, Chaves-Sanjuan A, González-Rubio JM, Gil C, Cañada FJ, Martinez A, Sanchez-Barrena MJ, Campillo NE. Deciphering the Inhibition of the Neuronal Calcium Sensor 1 and the Guanine Exchange Factor Ric8a with a Small Phenothiazine Molecule for the Rational Generation of Therapeutic Synapse Function Regulators. J Med Chem 2018; 61:5910-5921. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Roca
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas-CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Miguel Daniel-Mozo
- Instituto de Química Física Rocasolano-CSIC, Serrano 119, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Sastre
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas-CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lourdes Infantes
- Instituto de Química Física Rocasolano-CSIC, Serrano 119, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia Mansilla
- Fundación para la Investigación Biomédica, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Ctra. de Colmenar Viejo, Km. 9, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Carmen Gil
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas-CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - F. Javier Cañada
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas-CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Martinez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas-CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Nuria E. Campillo
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas-CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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21
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The engineered β-lactoglobulin with complementarity to the chlorpromazine chiral conformers. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 114:85-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.03.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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22
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Ran X, Gestwicki JE. Inhibitors of protein-protein interactions (PPIs): an analysis of scaffold choices and buried surface area. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2018; 44:75-86. [PMID: 29908451 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Protein-protein interactions (PPI) were once considered 'undruggable', but clinical successes, driven by advanced methods in drug discovery, have challenged that notion. Here, we review the last three years of literature on PPI inhibitors to understand what is working and why. From the 66 recently reported PPI inhibitors, we found that the average molecular weight was significantly greater than 500Da, but that this trend was driven, in large part, by the contribution of peptide-based compounds. Despite differences in average molecular weight, we found that compounds based on small molecules or peptides were almost equally likely to be potent inhibitors (KD<1μM). Finally, we found PPIs with buried surface area (BSA) less than 2000Å2 were more likely to be inhibited by small molecules, while PPIs with larger BSA values were typically inhibited by peptides. PPIs with BSA values over 4000Å2 seemed to create a particular challenge, especially for orthosteric small molecules. Thus, it seems important to choose the inhibitor scaffold based on the properties of the target interaction. Moreover, this survey suggests a (more nuanced) conclusion to the question of whether PPIs are good drug targets; namely, that some PPIs are readily 'druggable' given the right choice of scaffold, while others still seem to deserve the 'undruggable' moniker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Ran
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, United States
| | - Jason E Gestwicki
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, United States.
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23
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Boeckel GR, Ehrlich BE. NCS-1 is a regulator of calcium signaling in health and disease. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2018; 1865:1660-1667. [PMID: 29746899 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neuronal Calcium Sensor-1 (NCS-1) is a highly conserved calcium binding protein which contributes to the maintenance of intracellular calcium homeostasis and regulation of calcium-dependent signaling pathways. It is involved in a variety of physiological cell functions, including exocytosis, regulation of calcium permeable channels, neuroplasticity and response to neuronal damage. Over the past 30 years, continuing investigation of cellular functions of NCS-1 and associated disease states have highlighted its function in the pathophysiology of several disorders and as a therapeutic target. Among the diseases that were found to be associated with NCS-1 are neurological disorders such as bipolar disease and non-neurological conditions such as breast cancer. Furthermore, alteration of NCS-1 expression is associated with substance abuse disorders and severe side effects of chemotherapeutic agents. The objective of this article is to summarize the current body of evidence describing NCS-1 and its interactions on a molecular and cellular scale, as well as describing macroscopic implications in physiology and medicine. Particular attention is paid to the role of NCS-1 in development and prevention of chemotherapy induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN).
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Affiliation(s)
- Göran R Boeckel
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States; Institut für Physiologie, Universität zu Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, D-23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Barbara E Ehrlich
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States; Institut für Physiologie, Universität zu Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, D-23562 Lübeck, Germany.
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24
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Drozd M, Bardoni B, Capovilla M. Modeling Fragile X Syndrome in Drosophila. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:124. [PMID: 29713264 PMCID: PMC5911982 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Intellectual disability (ID) and autism are hallmarks of Fragile X Syndrome (FXS), a hereditary neurodevelopmental disorder. The gene responsible for FXS is Fragile X Mental Retardation gene 1 (FMR1) encoding the Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein (FMRP), an RNA-binding protein involved in RNA metabolism and modulating the expression level of many targets. Most cases of FXS are caused by silencing of FMR1 due to CGG expansions in the 5'-UTR of the gene. Humans also carry the FXR1 and FXR2 paralogs of FMR1 while flies have only one FMR1 gene, here called dFMR1, sharing the same level of sequence homology with all three human genes, but functionally most similar to FMR1. This enables a much easier approach for FMR1 genetic studies. Drosophila has been widely used to investigate FMR1 functions at genetic, cellular, and molecular levels since dFMR1 mutants have many phenotypes in common with the wide spectrum of FMR1 functions that underlay the disease. In this review, we present very recent Drosophila studies investigating FMRP functions at genetic, cellular, molecular, and electrophysiological levels in addition to research on pharmacological treatments in the fly model. These studies have the potential to aid the discovery of pharmacological therapies for FXS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Drozd
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, IPMC, Valbonne, France.,CNRS LIA (Neogenex), Valbonne, France
| | - Barbara Bardoni
- CNRS LIA (Neogenex), Valbonne, France.,Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, CNRS, IPMC, Valbonne, France
| | - Maria Capovilla
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, IPMC, Valbonne, France.,CNRS LIA (Neogenex), Valbonne, France
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25
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Kask K, Tikker L, Ruisu K, Lulla S, Oja EM, Meier R, Raid R, Velling T, Tõnissoo T, Pooga M. Targeted deletion of RIC8A in mouse neural precursor cells interferes with the development of the brain, eyes, and muscles. Dev Neurobiol 2018; 78:374-390. [PMID: 29380551 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Autosomal recessive disorders such as Fukuyama congenital muscular dystrophy, Walker-Warburg syndrome, and the muscle-eye-brain disease are characterized by defects in the development of patient's brain, eyes, and skeletal muscles. These syndromes are accompanied by brain malformations like type II lissencephaly in the cerebral cortex with characteristic overmigrations of neurons through the breaches of the pial basement membrane. The signaling pathways activated by laminin receptors, dystroglycan and integrins, control the integrity of the basement membrane, and their malfunctioning may underlie the pathologies found in the rise of defects reminiscent of these syndromes. Similar defects in corticogenesis and neuromuscular disorders were found in mice when RIC8A was specifically removed from neural precursor cells. RIC8A regulates a subset of G-protein α subunits and in several model organisms, it has been reported to participate in the control of cell division, signaling, and migration. Here, we studied the role of RIC8A in the development of the brain, muscles, and eyes of the neural precursor-specific conditional Ric8a knockout mice. The absence of RIC8A severely affected the attachment and positioning of radial glial processes, Cajal-Retzius' cells, and the arachnoid trabeculae, and these mice displayed additional defects in the lens, skeletal muscles, and heart development. All the discovered defects might be linked to aberrancies in cell adhesion and migration, suggesting that RIC8A has a crucial role in the regulation of cell-extracellular matrix interactions and that its removal leads to the phenotype characteristic to type II lissencephaly-associated diseases. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 78: 374-390, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiu Kask
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, 23 Riia St, Tartu, 51010, Estonia
| | - Laura Tikker
- Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, Viikinkaari 9, FIN-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Katrin Ruisu
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, 23 Riia St, Tartu, 51010, Estonia
| | - Sirje Lulla
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, 23 Riia St, Tartu, 51010, Estonia
| | - Eva-Maria Oja
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, 23 Riia St, Tartu, 51010, Estonia
| | - Riho Meier
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, 23 Riia St, Tartu, 51010, Estonia
| | - Raivo Raid
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, 23 Riia St, Tartu, 51010, Estonia
| | - Teet Velling
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, 23 Riia St, Tartu, 51010, Estonia
| | - Tambet Tõnissoo
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, 23 Riia St, Tartu, 51010, Estonia
| | - Margus Pooga
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, 23 Riia St, Tartu, 51010, Estonia.,Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, Tartu, 50411, Estonia
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26
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Davis JK, Broadie K. Multifarious Functions of the Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein. Trends Genet 2017; 33:703-714. [PMID: 28826631 PMCID: PMC5610095 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2017.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Fragile X syndrome (FXS), a heritable intellectual and autism spectrum disorder (ASD), results from the loss of Fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP). This neurodevelopmental disease state exhibits neural circuit hyperconnectivity and hyperexcitability. Canonically, FMRP functions as an mRNA-binding translation suppressor, but recent findings have enormously expanded its proposed roles. Although connections between burgeoning FMRP functions remain unknown, recent advances have extended understanding of its involvement in RNA, channel, and protein binding that modulate calcium signaling, activity-dependent critical period development, and the excitation-inhibition (E/I) neural circuitry balance. In this review, we contextualize 3 years of FXS model research. Future directions extrapolated from recent advances focus on discovering links between FMRP roles to determine whether FMRP has a multitude of unrelated functions or whether combinatorial mechanisms can explain its multifaceted existence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna K Davis
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Kendal Broadie
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA.
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