1
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Neumann SE, Kwon J, Gropp C, Ma L, Giovine R, Ma T, Hanikel N, Wang K, Chen T, Jagani S, Ritchie RO, Xu T, Yaghi OM. The propensity for covalent organic frameworks to template polymer entanglement. Science 2024; 383:1337-1343. [PMID: 38513024 DOI: 10.1126/science.adf2573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
The introduction of molecularly woven three-dimensional (3D) covalent organic framework (COF) crystals into polymers of varying types invokes different forms of contact between filler and polymer. Whereas the combination of woven COFs with amorphous and brittle polymethyl methacrylate results in surface interactions, the use of the liquid-crystalline polymer polyimide induces the formation of polymer-COF junctions. These junctions are generated by the threading of polymer chains through the pores of the nanocrystals, thus allowing for spatial arrangement of polymer strands. This offers a programmable pathway for unthreading polymer strands under stress and leads to the in situ formation of high-aspect-ratio nanofibrils, which dissipate energy during the fracture. Polymer-COF junctions also strengthen the filler-matrix interfaces and lower the percolation thresholds of the composites, enhancing strength, ductility, and toughness of the composites by adding small amounts (~1 weight %) of woven COF nanocrystals. The ability of the polymer strands to closely interact with the woven framework is highlighted as the main parameter to forming these junctions, thus affecting polymer chain penetration and conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ephraim Neumann
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Kavli Energy NanoSciences Institute, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Junpyo Kwon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Cornelius Gropp
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Kavli Energy NanoSciences Institute, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Le Ma
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Raynald Giovine
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Tianqiong Ma
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Kavli Energy NanoSciences Institute, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Nikita Hanikel
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Kavli Energy NanoSciences Institute, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Kaiyu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Kavli Energy NanoSciences Institute, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Tiffany Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Shaan Jagani
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Robert O Ritchie
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Ting Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Kavli Energy NanoSciences Institute, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Omar M Yaghi
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Kavli Energy NanoSciences Institute, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Bakar Institute of Digital Materials for the Planet, Division of Computing, Data Science, and Society, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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2
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Varol HS, Herberger T, Kirsch M, Mikolei J, Veith L, Kannan-Sampathkumar V, Brand RD, Synatschke CV, Weil T, Andrieu-Brunsen A. Electropolymerization of Polydopamine at Electrode-Supported Insulating Mesoporous Films. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2023; 35:9192-9207. [PMID: 38027541 PMCID: PMC10653081 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.3c01890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Bioinspired, stimuli-responsive, polymer-functionalized mesoporous films are promising platforms for precisely regulating nanopore transport toward applications in water management, iontronics, catalysis, sensing, drug delivery, or energy conversion. Nanopore technologies still require new, facile, and effective nanopore functionalization with multi- and stimuli-responsive polymers to reach these complicated application targets. In recent years, zwitterionic and multifunctional polydopamine (PDA) films deposited on planar surfaces by electropolymerization have helped surfaces respond to various external stimuli such as light, temperature, moisture, and pH. However, PDA has not been used to functionalize nanoporous films, where the PDA-coating could locally regulate the ionic nanopore transport. This study investigates the electropolymerization of homogeneous thin PDA films to functionalize nanopores of mesoporous silica films. We investigate the effect of different mesoporous film structures and the number of electropolymerization cycles on the presence of PDA at mesopores and mesoporous film surfaces. Our spectroscopic, microscopic, and electrochemical analysis reveals that the amount and location (pores and surface) of deposited PDA at mesoporous films is related to the combination of the number of electropolymerization cycles and the mesoporous film thickness and pore size. In view of the application of the proposed PDA-functionalized mesoporous films in areas requiring ion transport control, we studied the ion nanopore transport of the films by cyclic voltammetry. We realized that the amount of PDA in the nanopores helps to limit the overall ionic transport, while the pH-dependent transport mechanism of pristine silica films remains unchanged. It was found that (i) the pH-dependent deprotonation of PDA and silica walls and (ii) the insulation of the indium-tin oxide (ITO) surface by increasing the amount of PDA within the mesoporous silica film affect the ionic nanopore transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Samet Varol
- Ernst-Berl
Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
- Department
of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician″, Università degli Studi di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Tilmann Herberger
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Marius Kirsch
- Ernst-Berl
Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Joanna Mikolei
- Ernst-Berl
Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Lothar Veith
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Raoul D. Brand
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Justus-Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Tanja Weil
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Annette Andrieu-Brunsen
- Ernst-Berl
Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
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3
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Yan S, Wang K, Wang Z. A Comparative Study on the Microscale and Macroscale Mechanical Properties of Dental Resin Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15051129. [PMID: 36904370 PMCID: PMC10007216 DOI: 10.3390/polym15051129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental resin composites are universal restorative materials, and various kinds of fillers are used to reinforce their mechanical properties. However, a combined study on the microscale and macroscale mechanical properties of dental resin composites is missing, and the reinforcing mechanism of the composites is still not fully clarified. In this work, the effects of the nano-silica particle on the mechanical properties of dental resin composites were studied by combined dynamic nanoindentation tests and macroscale tensile tests. The reinforcing mechanism of the composites was explored by combining near-infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, and atomic force microscope characterizations. It was found that the tensile modulus increased from 2.47 GPa to 3.17 GPa, and the ultimate tensile strength increased from 36.22 MPa to 51.75 MPa, with the particle contents increasing from 0% to 10%. From the nanoindentation tests, the storage modulus and hardness of the composites increased by 36.27% and 40.90%, respectively. The storage modulus and hardness were also found to increase by 44.11% and 46.46% when the testing frequency increased from 1 Hz to 210 Hz. Moreover, based on a modulus mapping technique, we found a boundary layer in which the modulus gradually decreased from the edge of the nanoparticle to the resin matrix. Finite element modeling was adopted to illustrate the role of this gradient boundary layer in alleviating the shear stress concentration on the filler-matrix interface. The present study validates mechanical reinforcement and provides a potential new insight for understanding the reinforcing mechanism of dental resin composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuogeng Yan
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zhengzhi Wang
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Wuhan University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518108, China
- Correspondence:
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4
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Giubertoni G, Hilbers M, Caporaletti F, Laity P, Groen H, Van der Weide A, Bonn D, Woutersen S. Hydrogen Bonds under Stress: Strain-Induced Structural Changes in Polyurethane Revealed by Rheological Two-Dimensional Infrared Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:940-946. [PMID: 36688732 PMCID: PMC9900637 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The remarkable elastic properties of polymers are ultimately due to their molecular structure, but the relation between the macroscopic and molecular properties is often difficult to establish, in particular for (bio)polymers that contain hydrogen bonds, which can easily rearrange upon mechanical deformation. Here we show that two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy on polymer films in a miniature stress tester sheds new light on how the hydrogen-bond structure of a polymer is related to its viscoelastic response. We study thermoplastic polyurethane, a block copolymer consisting of hard segments of hydrogen-bonded urethane groups embedded in a soft matrix of polyether chains. The conventional infrared spectrum shows that, upon deformation, the number of hydrogen bonds increases, a process that is largely reversible. However, the 2DIR spectrum reveals that the distribution of hydrogen-bond strengths becomes slightly narrower after a deformation cycle, due to the disruption of weak hydrogen bonds, an effect that could explain the strain-cycle induced softening (Mullins effect) of polyurethane. These results show how rheo-2DIR spectroscopy can bridge the gap between the molecular structure and the macroscopic elastic properties of (bio)polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Giubertoni
- Van
’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michiel Hilbers
- Van
’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Federico Caporaletti
- Van
’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Van
der Waals-Zeeman Institute, Institute of Physics, University of Amsterdam, 1098XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Laity
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of Sheffield, Sir Robert
Hadfield Building, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, U.K.
| | - Hajo Groen
- Van
’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anne Van der Weide
- Van
’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel Bonn
- Van
der Waals-Zeeman Institute, Institute of Physics, University of Amsterdam, 1098XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sander Woutersen
- Van
’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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5
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Huang J, Wang S, Wang X, Zhu J, Wang Z, Zhang X, Cai K, Zhang J. Combination wound healing using polymer entangled porous nanoadhesive hybrids with robust ROS scavenging and angiogenesis properties. Acta Biomater 2022; 152:171-185. [PMID: 36084921 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.08.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Nanoadhesives can achieve tight wound closure by connecting biomacromolecules from both sides. However, previously developed adhesive systems suffered from suboptimal wound healing efficiency due to the lack of interparticle cohesion, sufficient reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging sites, and angiogenesis consideration. Herein, we developed a polymer entangled porous nanoadhesive system to address the above challenge by synergy of three functional components. Firstly, hybrid mesoporous silica nanoparticles with highly integrated polydopamine (MS-PDA) were prepared by templated synthesis. The entangling between PVA polymer and MS-PDA contributed to much stronger cohesion between nanoparticles, which led to 75% larger adhesion strength. As confirmed by in vitro and in vivo evaluations, the highly exposed catechol groups boosted the scavenging activity of ROS (1.8-4.1 fold enhancement as compared with nonporous counterpart). Consequently, more macrophages exhibited anti-inflammatory phenotype, leading to 2-2.6 fold lower pro-inflammatory cytokine levels. Moreover, the sustained release of bioactive SiO44- by the disintegration of nanoparticles contributed to ∼3-fold higher expression of VEGF and enhanced new blood vessel formation, as well as better wound repair. This platform can provide a new paradigm for developing multifunctional nanoadhesive systems in treating skin wounds. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: PVA polymer entangled mesoporous nanoadhesives of polydopamine (PDA)/silica hybrids with the combination of excellent wound closure effect, boosted ROS-scavenging activity, and significant angiogenesis ability were developed for improving the suboptimal skin wound healing efficiency. This strategy not only greatly advances our ability to rationally integrate repairing elements in nanoadhesives for manipulating combined processes of interfacial events during wound healing, but also offers general implications toward application of polymers to reinforce the adhesion strength in nanoadhesive systems. In addition, our findings on the impacts of pore effects mediated ROS species conversion and polymer entanglement may also trigger great interests and facilitate the development/broad application of therapeutic adhesives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jixi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazheng Road, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazheng Road, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Disease and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401174, China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazheng Road, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Zhenqiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazheng Road, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Ximu Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Disease and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401174, China.
| | - Kaiyong Cai
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazheng Road, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Jixi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazheng Road, Chongqing 400044, China.
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6
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Hou G, Li S, Liu J, Weng Y, Zhang L. Designing high performance polymer nanocomposites by incorporating robustness-controlled polymeric nanoparticles: insights from molecular dynamics. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:2813-2825. [PMID: 35043809 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp04254h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Introducing polymeric nanoparticles into polymer matrices is an interesting topic, and the robustness of the polymeric nanoparticles is crucial for the properties of the polymer nanocomposites (PNCs). In this study, by incorporating star-shaped polymeric nanoparticles (SSPNs) into the polymer, the effect of the sphericity (η) and arm length (L) of the SSPNs on the mechanical properties of PNCs is systematically investigated, using a coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulation. In addition, the linear and spherical nanoparticles (NPs) are compared with SSPNs by fixing the approximate diameter and mass fraction of the NPs. The radial distribution function, the second virial coefficient, mean-squared displacement, bond autocorrelation function, and primitive path analysis are employed to systematically characterize the structure and dynamics of these new PNCs. It is found that the dispersion of the NPs is enhanced with the increase of η, and the entanglement density reaches maximum, which both contribute to the greatest mechanical reinforcing effect. More significantly, it is found that the classical Payne effect, namely the storage as a function of the strain amplitude, decreases remarkably, and with a much smaller loss factor for these SSPN filled polymer nanocomposites, compared to conventional PNCs filled with rigid NPs. Furthermore, the change of the arm length of the SSPNs is found to exhibit the same effect on the mechanical and viscoelastic properties, as the variation of the number of the arms. In general, this work shows that these new SSPN filled polymer nanocomposites can exceed conventional PNCs, by manipulating the robustness of the SSPNs using, for example, the number and length of the arms. This research may provide guidelines for the investigation of the structure-property relationships of the topological structure of polymeric nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanyi Hou
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Sai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China. .,Center of Advanced Elastomer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China. .,Center of Advanced Elastomer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunxuan Weng
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Liqun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China. .,Center of Advanced Elastomer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
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7
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Shitrit Y, Bianco-Peled H. Insights into the formation mechanisms and properties of pectin hydrogel physically cross-linked with chitosan nanogels. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 269:118274. [PMID: 34294306 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This study explores hydrogels based on the physical interaction between soluble pectin and chitosan nanogels. A simple technique for creating chitosan nanogels of controllable size was developed based on a two-step process: physical cross-linking with tripolyphosphate (TPP) and chemical cross-linking with genipin. The particles were stable at acidic pH, which allowed hydrogel formation. Thixotropy experiments demonstrated that the concentration but not the size of the nanogels strongly affected the gel shear modulus. The influence of the post-assembly conditions, including exposure to monovalent salts (NaCl, NaI, and NaF) and pH (2.5 or 5.5), on the gel swelling and mechanical properties was studied. Small angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) results provide evidence that these physical hydrogels are indeed a cross-linked network. These experiments provided insights into the influence of hydrogen bonds and electrostatic interactions on the gel network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Shitrit
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Havazelet Bianco-Peled
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel.
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8
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Sun R, Melton M, Safaie N, Ferrier RC, Cheng S, Liu Y, Zuo X, Wang Y. Molecular View on Mechanical Reinforcement in Polymer Nanocomposites. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:117801. [PMID: 33798376 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.117801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The microscopic origin of mechanical enhancement in polymer nanocomposite (PNC) melts is investigated through the combination of rheology and small-angle neutron scattering. It is shown that in the absence of an extensive particle network, the molecular deformation of polymer chains dominates the stress response on intermediate time scales. Quantitative analyses of small-angle neutron scattering spectra, however, reveal no enhanced structural anisotropy in the PNCs, compared with the pristine polymers under the same deformation conditions. These results demonstrate that the mechanical reinforcement of PNCs is not due to molecular overstraining, but instead a redistribution of strain field in the polymer matrix, akin to the classical picture of hydrodynamic effect of nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruikun Sun
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Matthew Melton
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Niloofar Safaie
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Robert C Ferrier
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Shiwang Cheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Yun Liu
- Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - Xiaobing Zuo
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Yangyang Wang
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
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9
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Kang EY, Park SB, Choi B, Baek SW, Ko KW, Rhim WK, Park W, Kim IH, Han DK. Enhanced mechanical and biological characteristics of PLLA composites through surface grafting of oligolactide on magnesium hydroxide nanoparticles. Biomater Sci 2020; 8:2018-2030. [PMID: 32080689 DOI: 10.1039/c9bm01863h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) is a biocompatible and biodegradable polymer that has received much attention as a biomedical material. However, PLLA also produces by-products that acidify the surrounding tissues during in vivo degradation, which induces inflammatory responses. To overcome these problems, magnesium hydroxide nanoparticles (nano-magnesium hydroxide; nMH) were added to the PLLA matrix as a bioactive filler that can suppress inflammatory responses by neutralizing the acidified environment caused by the degradation of PLLA. Despite the advantages of nMH, the strong cohesion of these nanoparticles toward each other makes it difficult to manufacture a polymer matrix containing homogeneous nanoparticles through thermal processing. Here, we prepared two types of surface-modified nMH with oligolactide (ODLLA) utilizing grafting to (GT) and grafting from (GF) strategies to improve the mechanical and biological characteristics of the organic-inorganic hybrid composite. The incorporation of surface-modified nMH not only enhanced mechanical properties, such as Young's modulus, but also improved homogeneity of magnesium hydroxide particles in the PLLA matrix due to the increase in interfacial interaction. Additionally, the PLLA composites with surface-modified nMH exhibited reduced bulk erosion during hydrolytic degradation with lower cytotoxicity and immunogenicity. Hemocompatibility tests on the PLLA composites with nMH showed a higher albumin to fibrinogen ratio (AFR) and a lower influence of platelet activation, when compared with unmodified control samples. Taken all together, the surface-modified nMH could be seen to successfully improve the physical and biological characteristics of polymer composites. We believe this technology has great potential for the development of hybrid nanocomposites for biomedical devices, including cardiovascular implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Young Kang
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi 13488, Republic of Korea. and Department of Biological Science, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Bin Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi 13488, Republic of Korea.
| | - Bogyu Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi 13488, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seung-Woon Baek
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi 13488, Republic of Korea. and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Won Ko
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi 13488, Republic of Korea.
| | - Won-Kyu Rhim
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi 13488, Republic of Korea.
| | - Wooram Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi 13488, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ik-Hwan Kim
- Department of Biological Science, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Keun Han
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi 13488, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Varol HS, Srivastava A, Kumar S, Bonn M, Meng F, Parekh SH. Bridging chains mediate nonlinear mechanics of polymer nanocomposites under cyclic deformation. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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11
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Wang Z. Spatial and temporal tunability of magnetically-actuated gradient nanocomposites. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:3133-3148. [PMID: 30864576 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm00124g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Natural biological materials usually adopt functional gradient designs within interfacial regions to fulfil unusual mechanically-challenging demands. Manufacturing analogous gradients to alleviate premature failures for synthetic interfaces has remained challenging until recently, where magnetically-actuated gradient nanocomposites (MA-G-NCs) have emerged as a promising processing technique. The essence of this technique lies in controlling the spatial distribution of nanoreinforcements (usually particles) inside a polymer matrix through a magnetophoresis process. Herein, we present a theory-experiment-combined study on the evolution kinetics and equilibrium distribution of the nanoparticles during the magnetophoresis process and consequently to explore the spatial and temporal tunability of the MA-G-NCs. Using a simplified drift-diffusion theory as the guide, we determine two critical processing parameters for the MA-G-NCs: the applied magnetic field and the actuation duration. By systematically varying these two parameters independently, we experimentally demonstrate that the profile of the nanoparticle distribution inside the MA-G-NCs can be finely tuned both spatially and temporally. In order to quantify the volume fraction of the nanoparticles along the cross section of the MA-G-NCs, we propose a mechanics-based method by site-specifically measuring the local elastic modulus and converting back to the volume fractions based on an established modulus-fraction correlation. The nanoparticle concentration profiles obtained thereby are validated by morphological characterizations and also agree well with theoretical predictions based on the drift-diffusion theory. Our combined results indicate that the magnetophoresis-induced evolution of the nanoparticles follows approximately the drift-diffusion transport process and the gradient profile of the MA-G-NCs is highly controllable and programmable. The presented study not only advances the fundamental understanding of the evolution kinetics of the nanoparticles under the effect of magnetophoresis, but also establishes the critical processing-structure-property relationships for the MA-G-NCs that should guide future development of customized interfaces with desired mechanical and physical property gradients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengzhi Wang
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China.
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12
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Abstract
We study the linear and nonlinear viscoelastic properties of two tire tread compounds. We discuss the difference in nonlinear response between the oscillatory tensile and shear modes. We also analyze strain relaxation (creep) data for the same systems. We discuss what type of measurements are most suitable for obtaining the viscoelastic modulus used in rubber friction calculations.
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13
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Wang Z, Wang K, Huang H, Cui X, Shi X, Ma X, Li B, Zhang Z, Tang X, Chiang MYM. Bioinspired Wear-Resistant and Ultradurable Functional Gradient Coatings. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1802717. [PMID: 30272833 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201802717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
For mechanically protective coatings, the coating material usually requires sufficient stiffness and strength to resist external forces and meanwhile matched mechanical properties with the underneath substrate to maintain the structural integrity. These requirements generate a conflict that limits the coatings from achieving simultaneous surface properties (e.g., high wear-resistance) and coating/substrate interfacial durability. Herein this conflict is circumvented by developing a new manufacturing technique for functional gradient coatings (FGCs) with the material composition and mechanical properties gradually varying crossing the coating thickness. The FGC is realized by controlling the spatial distribution of magnetic-responsive nanoreinforcements inside a polymer matrix through a magnetic actuation process. By concentrating the reinforcements with hybrid sizes at the surface region and continuously diminishing toward the coating/substrate interface, the FGC is demonstrated to exhibit simultaneously high surface hardness, stiffness, and wear-resistance, as well as superb interfacial durability that outperforms the homogeneous counterparts over an order of magnitude. The concept of FGC represents a mechanically optimized strategy in achieving maximal performances with minimal use and site-specific distribution of the reinforcements, in accordance with the design principles of many load-bearing biological materials. The presented manufacturing technique for gradient nanocomposites can be extended to develop various bioinspired heterogeneous materials with desired mechanical performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengzhi Wang
- School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Kun Wang
- School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Houbing Huang
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiao Cui
- Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xiaoming Shi
- Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xingqiao Ma
- Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Bei Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Zuoqi Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Xuhai Tang
- School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Martin Y M Chiang
- Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
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14
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Nahali N, Rosa A. Nanoprobe diffusion in entangled polymer solutions: Linear vs. unconcatenated ring chains. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:194902. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5022446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Negar Nahali
- Sissa (Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati), Via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy
| | - Angelo Rosa
- Sissa (Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati), Via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy
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15
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Schechtel E, Yan Y, Xu X, Cang Y, Tremel W, Wang Z, Li B, Fytas G. Elastic Modulus and Thermal Conductivity of Thiolene/TiO 2 Nanocomposites. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2017; 121:25568-25575. [PMID: 29755637 PMCID: PMC5941249 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.7b08425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Metal oxide based polymer nanocomposites find diverse applications as functional materials, and in particular thiol-ene/TiO2 nanocomposites are promising candidates for dental restorative materials. The important mechanical and thermal properties of the nanocomposites, however, are still not well understood. In this study, the elastic modulus and thermal conductivity of thiol-ene/TiO2 nanocomposite thin films with varying weight fractions of TiO2 nanoparticles are investigated by using Brillouin light scattering spectroscopy and 3ω measurements, respectively. As the TiO2 weight fraction increases from 0 to 90%, the effective elastic longitudinal modulus of the films increases from 6.2 to 37.5 GPa, and the effective thermal conductivity from 0.04 to 0.76 W/m K. The former increase could be attributed to the covalent cross-linking of the nanocomposite constituents. The latter one could be ascribed to the addition of high thermal conductivity TiO2 nanoparticles and the formation of possible conductive channels at high TiO2 weight fractions. The linear dependence of the thermal conductivity on the sound velocity, reported for amorphous polymers, is not observed in the present nanocomposite system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugen Schechtel
- Johannes
Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Yaping Yan
- Center
for Phononics and Thermal Energy Science, School of Physics and Engineering
and Institute of Advanced Study, Tongji
University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiangfan Xu
- Center
for Phononics and Thermal Energy Science, School of Physics and Engineering
and Institute of Advanced Study, Tongji
University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yu Cang
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Tremel
- Johannes
Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Zuyuan Wang
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Baowen Li
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, University of
Colorado, Boulder 80309, United States
| | - George Fytas
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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16
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Cang Y, Reuss AN, Lee J, Yan J, Zhang J, Alonso-Redondo E, Sainidou R, Rembert P, Matyjaszewski K, Bockstaller MR, Fytas G. Thermomechanical Properties and Glass Dynamics of Polymer-Tethered Colloidal Particles and Films. Macromolecules 2017; 50:8658-8669. [PMID: 29755139 PMCID: PMC5940324 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b01752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Polymer-tethered colloidal particles (aka "particle brush materials") have attracted interest as a platform for innovative material technologies and as a model system to elucidate glass formation in complex structured media. In this contribution, Brillouin light scattering is used to sequentially evaluate the role of brush architecture on the dynamical properties of brush particles in both the individual and assembled (film) state. In the former state, the analysis reveals that brush-brush interactions as well as global chain relaxation sensitively depend on grafting density; i.e., more polymer-like behavior is observed in sparse brush systems. This is interpreted to be a consequence of more extensive chain entanglement. In contrast, the local relaxation of films does not depend on grafting density. The results highlight that relaxation processes in particle brush-based materials span a wider range of time and length scales as compared to linear chain polymers. Differentiation between relaxation on local and global scale is necessary to reveal the influence of molecular structure and connectivity on the aging behavior of these complex systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Cang
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Anna N Reuss
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jaejun Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Jiajun Yan
- Chemistry Department, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Jianan Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Chemistry Department, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Elena Alonso-Redondo
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Rebecca Sainidou
- Normandie Univ, UNIHAVRE, Laboratoire Ondes et Milieux Complexes, UMR CNRS 6294, University of Le Havre, 75 Rue Bellot, 76600 Le Havre, France
| | - Pascal Rembert
- Normandie Univ, UNIHAVRE, Laboratoire Ondes et Milieux Complexes, UMR CNRS 6294, University of Le Havre, 75 Rue Bellot, 76600 Le Havre, France
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Chemistry Department, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Michael R Bockstaller
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - George Fytas
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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17
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Song L, Wang Z, Tang X, Chen L, Chen P, Yuan Q, Li L. Visualizing the Toughening Mechanism of Nanofiller with 3D X-ray Nano-CT: Stress-Induced Phase Separation of Silica Nanofiller and Silicone Polymer Double Networks. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b00539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lixian Song
- National
Synchrotron Radiation Lab and CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of China
- State
Key Laboratory Cultivation
Base for Nonmetal Composites and Functional Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhen Wang
- National
Synchrotron Radiation Lab and CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoliang Tang
- National
Synchrotron Radiation Lab and CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liang Chen
- National
Synchrotron Radiation Lab and CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pinzhang Chen
- National
Synchrotron Radiation Lab and CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingxi Yuan
- Beijing
Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liangbin Li
- National
Synchrotron Radiation Lab and CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of China
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