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Liu YB, Wang Q, Song YL, Song XM, Fan YC, Kong L, Zhang JS, Li S, Lv YJ, Li ZY, Dai JY, Qiu ZK. Abnormal phosphorylation / dephosphorylation and Ca 2+ dysfunction in heart failure. Heart Fail Rev 2024; 29:751-768. [PMID: 38498262 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-024-10395-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) can be caused by a variety of causes characterized by abnormal myocardial systole and diastole. Ca2+ current through the L-type calcium channel (LTCC) on the membrane is the initial trigger signal for a cardiac cycle. Declined systole and diastole in HF are associated with dysfunction of myocardial Ca2+ function. This disorder can be correlated with unbalanced levels of phosphorylation / dephosphorylation of LTCC, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and myofilament. Kinase and phosphatase activity changes along with HF progress, resulting in phased changes in the degree of phosphorylation / dephosphorylation. It is important to realize the phosphorylation / dephosphorylation differences between a normal and a failing heart. This review focuses on phosphorylation / dephosphorylation changes in the progression of HF and summarizes the effects of phosphorylation / dephosphorylation of LTCC, ER function, and myofilament function in normal conditions and HF based on previous experiments and clinical research. Also, we summarize current therapeutic methods based on abnormal phosphorylation / dephosphorylation and clarify potential therapeutic directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Bing Liu
- Interventional Medical Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong Province, China
- Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yu-Ling Song
- Department of Pediatrics, Huantai County Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zibo, China
| | | | - Yu-Chen Fan
- Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lin Kong
- Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | | | - Sheng Li
- Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yi-Ju Lv
- Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ze-Yang Li
- Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jing-Yu Dai
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Zhen-Kang Qiu
- Interventional Medical Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong Province, China.
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Hovey L, Guo X, Chen Y, Liu Q, Catterall WA. Impairment of β-adrenergic regulation and exacerbation of pressure-induced heart failure in mice with mutations in phosphoregulatory sites in the cardiac Ca V1.2 calcium channel. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1049611. [PMID: 36846334 PMCID: PMC9944942 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1049611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The cardiac calcium channel CaV1.2 conducts L-type calcium currents that initiate excitation-contraction coupling and serves as a crucial mediator of β-adrenergic regulation of the heart. We evaluated the inotropic response of mice with mutations in C-terminal phosphoregulatory sites under physiological levels of β-adrenergic stimulation in vivo, and we assessed the impact of combining mutations of C-terminal phosphoregulatory sites with chronic pressure-overload stress. Mice with Ser1700Ala (S1700A), Ser1700Ala/Thr1704Ala (STAA), and Ser1928Ala (S1928A) mutations had impaired baseline regulation of ventricular contractility and exhibited decreased inotropic response to low doses of β-adrenergic agonist. In contrast, treatment with supraphysiogical doses of agonist revealed substantial inotropic reserve that compensated for these deficits. Hypertrophy and heart failure in response to transverse aortic constriction (TAC) were exacerbated in S1700A, STAA, and S1928A mice whose β-adrenergic regulation of CaV1.2 channels was blunted. These findings further elucidate the role of phosphorylation of CaV1.2 at regulatory sites in the C-terminal domain for maintaining normal cardiac homeostasis, responding to physiological levels of β-adrenergic stimulation in the fight-or-flight response, and adapting to pressure-overload stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam Hovey
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Medical Scientist Training Program, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Xiaoyun Guo
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Qinghang Liu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - William A. Catterall
- Medical Scientist Training Program, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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Hool LC. Elucidating the role of the L-type calcium channel in excitability and energetics in the heart: The ISHR 2020 Research Achievement Award Lecture. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2022; 172:100-108. [PMID: 36041287 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease continues to be the leading health burden worldwide and with the rising rates in obesity and type II diabetes and ongoing effects of long COVID, it is anticipated that the burden of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality will increase. Calcium is essential to cardiac excitation and contraction. The main route for Ca2+ influx is the L-type Ca2+ channel (Cav1.2) and embryos that are homozygous null for the Cav1.2 gene are lethal at day 14 postcoitum. Acute changes in Ca2+ influx through the channel contribute to arrhythmia and sudden death, and chronic increases in intracellular Ca2+ contribute to pathological hypertrophy and heart failure. We use a multidisciplinary approach to study the regulation of the channel from the molecular level through to in vivo CRISPR mutant animal models. Here we describe some examples of our work from over 2 decades studying the role of the channel under physiological and pathological conditions. Our single channel analysis of purified human Cav1.2 protein in proteoliposomes has contributed to understanding direct molecular regulation of the channel including identifying the critical serine involved in the "fight or flight" response. Using the same approach we identified the cysteine responsible for altered function during oxidative stress. Chronic activation of the L-type Ca2+ channel during oxidative stress occurs as a result of persistent glutathionylation of the channel that contributes to the development of hypertrophy. We describe for the first time that activation of the channel alters mitochondrial function (and energetics) on a beat-to-beat basis via movement of cytoskeletal proteins. In translational studies we have used this response to "report" mitochondrial function in models of cardiomyopathy and to test efficacy of novel therapies to prevent cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia C Hool
- School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia; Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Convergent regulation of Ca V1.2 channels by direct phosphorylation and by the small GTPase RAD in the cardiac fight-or-flight response. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2208533119. [PMID: 36215501 PMCID: PMC9586275 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2208533119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The L-type calcium currents conducted by the cardiac CaV1.2 calcium channel initiate excitation-contraction coupling and serve as a key regulator of heart rate, rhythm, and force of contraction. CaV1.2 is regulated by β-adrenergic/protein kinase A (PKA)-mediated protein phosphorylation, proteolytic processing, and autoinhibition by its carboxyl-terminal domain (CT). The small guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) RAD (Ras associated with diabetes) has emerged as a potent inhibitor of CaV1.2, and accumulating evidence suggests a key role for RAD in mediating β-adrenergic/PKA upregulation of channel activity. However, the relative roles of direct phosphorylation of CaV1.2 channels and phosphorylation of RAD in channel regulation remain uncertain. Here, we investigated the hypothesis that these two mechanisms converge to regulate CaV1.2 channels. Both RAD and the proteolytically processed distal CT (dCT) strongly reduced CaV1.2 activity. PKA phosphorylation of RAD and phosphorylation of Ser-1700 in the proximal CT (pCT) synergistically reversed this inhibition and increased CaV1.2 currents. Our findings reveal that the proteolytically processed form of CaV1.2 undergoes convergent regulation by direct phosphorylation of the CT and by phosphorylation of RAD. These parallel regulatory pathways provide a flexible mechanism for upregulation of the activity of CaV1.2 channels in the fight-or-flight response.
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Wu J, Tan Y, Kang D, Yu J, Qi J, Wu J, Zhang M. Xiaoyu Jiangzhi capsule protects against heart failure via Ca2+/CaMKII signaling pathways in mice. JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcms.2022.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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6
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Li Y, Yang H, He T, Zhang L, Liu C. Post-Translational Modification of Cav1.2 and its Role in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:775087. [PMID: 35111050 PMCID: PMC8802068 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.775087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cav1.2 plays an essential role in learning and memory, drug addiction, and neuronal development. Intracellular calcium homeostasis is disrupted in neurodegenerative diseases because of abnormal Cav1.2 channel activity and modification of downstream Ca2+ signaling pathways. Multiple post-translational modifications of Cav1.2 have been observed and seem to be closely related to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. The specific molecular mechanisms by which Cav1.2 channel activity is regulated remain incompletely understood. Dihydropyridines (DHPs), which are commonly used for hypertension and myocardial ischemia, have been repurposed to treat PD and AD and show protective effects. However, further studies are needed to improve delivery strategies and drug selectivity. Better knowledge of channel modulation and more specific methods for altering Cav1.2 channel function may lead to better therapeutic strategies for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Li
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, School of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, School of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Tianhan He
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, School of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, School of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
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7
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Ning S, Hua L, Ji Z, Fan D, Meng X, Li Z, Wang Q, Guo Z. Protein 4.1 family and ion channel proteins interact to regulate the process of heart failure in rats. Acta Histochem 2021; 123:151748. [PMID: 34271280 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2021.151748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a major cause of death in cardiovascular diseases worldwide, and its molecular mechanisms and effective prevention strategies remain to be further studied. The myocardial cytoskeleton plays a pivotal role in many heart diseases. However, little is known about the function of the membrane cytoskeleton 4.1 protein family and related regulatory mechanisms in the pathogenesis of HF. In this study, we detected the localization and expression of the protein 4.1 family and ion channel proteins in a rat HF model induced by doxorubicin (DOX), and studied the interactions between them. Our results showed that compared with the control group, the HF group displayed an increased expression level of protein 4.1R and decreased levels of protein 4.1 G and 4.1 N. The Nav1.5 protein levels were significantly increased, while the SERCA2a and Cav1.2 protein levels were significantly decreased in the HF group. Furthermore, there is co-localization and interaction between protein 4.1R and Nav1.5, protein 4.1 G and SERCA2a, protein 4.1 N and Cav1.2, respectively. Taken together, the results indicated that the protein 4.1 family might be involved in the occurrence and development of HF through its interaction with ion channel proteins, suggesting that 4.1 proteins may serve as a novel therapeutic target for HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwei Ning
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory, Zhengzhou No. 7 People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450016, China
| | - Lei Hua
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory, Zhengzhou No. 7 People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450016, China
| | - Zhenyu Ji
- Henan Academy of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Dandan Fan
- Henan Academy of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Xiangguang Meng
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory, Zhengzhou No. 7 People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450016, China
| | - Zhiying Li
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory, Zhengzhou No. 7 People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450016, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory, Zhengzhou No. 7 People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450016, China
| | - Zhikun Guo
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory, Zhengzhou No. 7 People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450016, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China.
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8
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Kwon HK, Choi H, Park SG, Park WJ, Kim, DH, Park ZY. Integrated Quantitative Phosphoproteomics and Cell-based Functional Screening Reveals Specific Pathological Cardiac Hypertrophy-related Phosphorylation Sites. Mol Cells 2021; 44:500-516. [PMID: 34158421 PMCID: PMC8334354 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2021.4002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophic signaling cascades resulting in heart failure diseases are mediated by protein phosphorylation. Recent developments in mass spectrometry-based phosphoproteomics have led to the identification of thousands of differentially phosphorylated proteins and their phosphorylation sites. However, functional studies of these differentially phosphorylated proteins have not been conducted in a large-scale or high-throughput manner due to a lack of methods capable of revealing the functional relevance of each phosphorylation site. In this study, an integrated approach combining quantitative phosphoproteomics and cell-based functional screening using phosphorylation competition peptides was developed. A pathological cardiac hypertrophy model, junctate-1 transgenic mice and control mice, were analyzed using label-free quantitative phosphoproteomics to identify differentially phosphorylated proteins and sites. A cell-based functional assay system measuring hypertrophic cell growth of neonatal rat ventricle cardiomyocytes (NRVMs) following phenylephrine treatment was applied, and changes in phosphorylation of individual differentially phosphorylated sites were induced by incorporation of phosphorylation competition peptides conjugated with cell-penetrating peptides. Cell-based functional screening against 18 selected phosphorylation sites identified three phosphorylation sites (Ser-98, Ser-179 of Ldb3, and Ser-1146 of palladin) displaying near-complete inhibition of cardiac hypertrophic growth of NRVMs. Changes in phosphorylation levels of Ser-98 and Ser-179 in Ldb3 were further confirmed in NRVMs and other pathological/physiological hypertrophy models, including transverse aortic constriction and swimming models, using site-specific phospho-antibodies. Our integrated approach can be used to identify functionally important phosphorylation sites among differentially phosphorylated sites, and unlike conventional approaches, it is easily applicable for large-scale and/or high-throughput analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Kyeong Kwon
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Korea
| | - Hyunwoo Choi
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Korea
| | - Sung-Gyoo Park
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Korea
| | - Woo Jin Park
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Korea
| | - Do Han Kim,
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Korea
| | - Zee-Yong Park
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Korea
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Liu Y, Chen J, Fontes SK, Bautista EN, Cheng Z. Physiological And Pathological Roles Of Protein Kinase A In The Heart. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 118:386-398. [PMID: 33483740 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase A (PKA) is a central regulator of cardiac performance and morphology. Myocardial PKA activation is induced by a variety of hormones, neurotransmitters and stress signals, most notably catecholamines secreted by the sympathetic nervous system. Catecholamines bind β-adrenergic receptors to stimulate cAMP-dependent PKA activation in cardiomyocytes. Elevated PKA activity enhances Ca2+ cycling and increases cardiac muscle contractility. Dynamic control of PKA is essential for cardiac homeostasis, as dysregulation of PKA signaling is associated with a broad range of heart diseases. Specifically, abnormal PKA activation or inactivation contributes to the pathogenesis of myocardial ischemia, hypertrophy, heart failure, as well as diabetic, takotsubo, or anthracycline cardiomyopathies. PKA may also determine sex-dependent differences in contractile function and heart disease predisposition. Here, we describe the recent advances regarding the roles of PKA in cardiac physiology and pathology, highlighting previous study limitations and future research directions. Moreover, we discuss the therapeutic strategies and molecular mechanisms associated with cardiac PKA biology. In summary, PKA could serve as a promising drug target for cardioprotection. Depending on disease types and mechanisms, therapeutic intervention may require either inhibition or activation of PKA. Therefore, specific PKA inhibitors or activators may represent valuable drug candidates for the treatment of heart diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuening Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, PBS 423, 412 E. Spokane Falls Blvd, ., Spokane, WA, 99202-2131, USA
| | - Jingrui Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, PBS 423, 412 E. Spokane Falls Blvd, ., Spokane, WA, 99202-2131, USA
| | - Shayne K Fontes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, PBS 423, 412 E. Spokane Falls Blvd, ., Spokane, WA, 99202-2131, USA
| | - Erika N Bautista
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, PBS 423, 412 E. Spokane Falls Blvd, ., Spokane, WA, 99202-2131, USA
| | - Zhaokang Cheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, PBS 423, 412 E. Spokane Falls Blvd, ., Spokane, WA, 99202-2131, USA
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Roybal D, Hennessey JA, Marx SO. The quest to identify the mechanism underlying adrenergic regulation of cardiac Ca 2+ channels. Channels (Austin) 2020; 14:123-131. [PMID: 32195622 PMCID: PMC7153787 DOI: 10.1080/19336950.2020.1740502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of protein kinase A by cyclic AMP results in a multi-fold upregulation of CaV1.2 currents in the heart, as originally reported in the 1970's and 1980's. Despite considerable interest and much investment, the molecular mechanisms responsible for this signature modulation remained stubbornly elusive for over 40 years. A key manifestation of this lack of understanding is that while this regulation is readily apparent in heart cells, it has not been possible to reconstitute it in heterologous expression systems. In this review, we describe the efforts of many investigators over the past decades to identify the mechanisms responsible for the β-adrenergic mediated activation of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels in the heart and other tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Roybal
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Columbia University, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons
| | - Jessica A. Hennessey
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, USA
| | - Steven O. Marx
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Columbia University, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons
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The Protective Effect of Qishen Granule on Heart Failure after Myocardial Infarction through Regulation of Calcium Homeostasis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:1868974. [PMID: 33149749 PMCID: PMC7603572 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1868974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Qishen granule (QSG) is a frequently prescribed traditional Chinese medicine formula, which improves heart function in patients with heart failure (HF). However, the cardioprotective mechanisms of QSG have not been fully understood. The current study aimed to elucidate whether the effect of QSG is mediated by ameliorating cytoplasmic calcium (Ca2+) overload in cardiomyocytes. The HF rat model was induced by left anterior descending (LAD) artery ligation surgery. Rats were randomly divided into sham, model, QSG-low dosage (QSG-L) treatment, QSG-high dosage (QSG-H) treatment, and positive drug (diltiazem) treatment groups. 28 days after surgery, cardiac functions were assessed by echocardiography. Levels of norepinephrine (NE) and angiotensin II (AngII) in the plasma were evaluated. Expressions of critical proteins in the calcium signaling pathway, including cell membrane calcium channel CaV1.2, sarcoendoplasmic reticulum ATPase 2a (SERCA2a), calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II (CaMKII), and protein phosphatase calcineurin (CaN), were measured by Western blotting (WB) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Echocardiography showed that left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) and fractional shortening (FS) value significantly decreased in the model group compared to the sham group, and illustrating heart function was severely impaired. Furthermore, levels of NE and AngII in the plasma were dramatically increased. Expressions of CaV1.2, CaMKII, and CaN in the cardiomyocytes were upregulated, and expressions of SERCA2a were downregulated in the model group. After treatment with QSG, both EF and FS values were increased. QSG significantly reduced levels of NE and AngII in the plasma. In particular, QSG prevented cytoplasmic Ca2+ overload by downregulating expression of CaV1.2 and upregulating expression of SERCA2a. Meanwhile, expressions of CaMKII and CaN were inhibited by QSG treatment. In conclusion, QSG could effectively promote heart function in HF rats by restoring cardiac Ca2+ homeostasis. These findings revealed novel therapeutic mechanisms of QSG and provided potential targets in the treatment of HF.
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12
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Regulation of cardiovascular calcium channel activity by post-translational modifications or interacting proteins. Pflugers Arch 2020; 472:653-667. [PMID: 32435990 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-020-02398-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Voltage-gated calcium channels are the major pathway for Ca2+ influx to initiate the contraction of smooth and cardiac muscles. Alterations of calcium channel function have been implicated in multiple cardiovascular diseases, such as hypertension, atrial fibrillation, and long QT syndrome. Post-translational modifications do expand cardiovascular calcium channel structure and function to affect processes such as channel trafficking or polyubiquitination by two E3 ubiquitin ligases, Ret finger protein 2 (Rfp2) or murine double minute 2 protein (Mdm2). Additionally, biophysical property such as Ca2+-dependent inactivation (CDI) could be altered through binding of calmodulin, or channel activity could be modulated via S-nitrosylation by nitric oxide and phosphorylation by protein kinases or by interacting protein partners, such as galectin-1 and Rem. Understanding how cardiovascular calcium channel function is post-translationally remodeled under distinctive disease conditions will provide better information about calcium channel-related disease mechanisms and improve the development of more selective therapeutic agents for cardiovascular diseases.
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Li J, Wang S, Zhang J, Liu Y, Zheng X, Ding F, Sun X, Zhao M, Hao L. The CaMKII phosphorylation site Thr1604 in the Ca V1.2 channel is involved in pathological myocardial hypertrophy in rats. Channels (Austin) 2020; 14:151-162. [PMID: 32290730 PMCID: PMC7188351 DOI: 10.1080/19336950.2020.1750189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Residue Thr1604 in the CaV1.2 channel is a Ca2+/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) phosphorylation site, and its phosphorylation status maintains the basic activity of the channel. However, the role of CaV1.2 phosphorylation at Thr1604 in myocardial hypertrophy is incompletely understood. Isoproterenol (ISO) was used to induce cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, and autocamtide-2-related inhibitory peptide (AIP) was added as a treatment. Rats in a myocardial hypertrophy development model were subcutaneously injected with ISO for two or three weeks. The heart and left ventricle weights, each of which were normalized to the body weight and cross-sectional area of the myocardial cells, were used to describe the degree of hypertrophy. Protein expression levels were detected by western blotting. CaMKII-induced CaV1.2 (Thr1604) phosphorylation (p-CaV1.2) was assayed by coimmunoprecipitation. The results showed that CaMKII, HDAC, MEF2 C, and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) expression was increased in the ISO group and downregulated by AIP treatment in vitro. There was no difference in the expression of these proteins between the ISO 2-week group and the ISO 3-week group in vivo. CaV1.2 channel expression did not change, but p-CaV1.2 expression was increased after ISO stimulation and decreased by AIP. In the rat model, p-CaV1.2 levels and CaMKII activity were much higher in the ISO 3-week group than in the ISO 2-week group. CaMKII-induced CaV1.2 channel phosphorylation at residue Thr1604 may be one of the key features of myocardial hypertrophy and disease development.Abbreviations: CaMKII: Ca2+/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II; p-CaMKII: autophosphorylated Ca2+/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II; CaM: calmodulin; AIP: autocamtide-2-related inhibitory peptide; ECC: excitation-contraction coupling; ISO: isoproterenol; BW: body weight; HW: heart weight; LVW: left ventricle weight; HDAC: histone deacetylase; p-HDAC: phosphorylated histone deacetylase; MEF2C: myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2C; ANP: atrial natriuretic peptide; PKC: protein kinase C
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyuan Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Siqi Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xi Zheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Fan Ding
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xuefei Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Meimi Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Liying Hao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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14
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Wang S, Li J, Liu Y, Zhang J, Zheng X, Sun X, Lei S, Kang Z, Chen X, Lei M, Hu H, Zeng X, Hao L. Distinct roles of calmodulin and Ca 2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II in isopreterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 526:960-966. [PMID: 32303334 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.03.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular calcium is related to cardiac hypertrophy. The CaV1.2 channel and Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) and CaM regulate the intracellular calcium content. However, the differences in CaMKII and CaM in cardiac hypertrophy are still conflicting and are worthy of studying as drug targets. Therefore, in this study, we aim to investigate the roles and mechanism of CaM and CaMKII on CaV1.2 in pathological myocardial hypertrophy. The results showed that ISO stimulation caused SD rat heart and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. In vivo, the HW/BW, LVW/BW, cross-sectional area, fibrosis ratio and ANP expression were all increased. There were no differences in CaV1.2 channel expression in the in vivo model or the in vitro model, but the ISO stimulation induced channel activity, and the [Ca2+]i increased. The protein expression levels of CaMKII and p-CaMKII were all increased in the ISO group, but the CaM expression level decreased. AIP inhibited ANP, CaMKII and p-CaMKII expression, and ISO-induced [Ca2+]i increased. AIP also reduced HDAC4, p-HDAC and MEF2C expression. However, CMZ did not play a cardiac hypertrophy reversal role in vitro. In conclusion, we considered that compared with CaM, CaMKII may be a much more important drug target in cardiac hypertrophy reversal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Jingyuan Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Xi Zheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Xuefei Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Shuai Lei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Ze Kang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Xiye Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Ming Lei
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Huiyuan Hu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Xiaorong Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China.
| | - Liying Hao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China.
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15
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Fochi S, Lorenzi P, Galasso M, Stefani C, Trabetti E, Zipeto D, Romanelli MG. The Emerging Role of the RBM20 and PTBP1 Ribonucleoproteins in Heart Development and Cardiovascular Diseases. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11040402. [PMID: 32276354 PMCID: PMC7230170 DOI: 10.3390/genes11040402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternative splicing is a regulatory mechanism essential for cell differentiation and tissue organization. More than 90% of human genes are regulated by alternative splicing events, which participate in cell fate determination. The general mechanisms of splicing events are well known, whereas only recently have deep-sequencing, high throughput analyses and animal models provided novel information on the network of functionally coordinated, tissue-specific, alternatively spliced exons. Heart development and cardiac tissue differentiation require thoroughly regulated splicing events. The ribonucleoprotein RBM20 is a key regulator of the alternative splicing events required for functional and structural heart properties, such as the expression of TTN isoforms. Recently, the polypyrimidine tract-binding protein PTBP1 has been demonstrated to participate with RBM20 in regulating splicing events. In this review, we summarize the updated knowledge relative to RBM20 and PTBP1 structure and molecular function; their role in alternative splicing mechanisms involved in the heart development and function; RBM20 mutations associated with idiopathic dilated cardiovascular disease (DCM); and the consequences of RBM20-altered expression or dysfunction. Furthermore, we discuss the possible application of targeting RBM20 in new approaches in heart therapies.
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16
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Mullins PD, Bondarenko VE. Mathematical model for β1-adrenergic regulation of the mouse ventricular myocyte contraction. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2020; 318:H264-H282. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00492.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The β1-adrenergic regulation of cardiac myocyte contraction plays an important role in regulating heart function. Activation of this system leads to an increased heart rate and stronger myocyte contraction. However, chronic stimulation of the β1-adrenergic signaling system can lead to cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. To understand the mechanisms of action of β1-adrenoceptors, a mathematical model of cardiac myocyte contraction that includes the β1-adrenergic system was developed and studied. The model was able to simulate major experimental protocols for measurements of steady-state force-calcium relationships, cross-bridge release rate and force development rate, force-velocity relationship, and force redevelopment rate. It also reproduced quite well frequency and isoproterenol dependencies for intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) transients, total contraction force, and sarcomere shortening. The mathematical model suggested the mechanisms of increased contraction force and myocyte shortening on stimulation of β1-adrenergic receptors is due to phosphorylation of troponin I and myosin-binding protein C and increased [Ca2+]i transient resulting from activation of the β1-adrenergic signaling system. The model was used to simulate work-loop contractions and estimate the power during the cardiac cycle as well as the effects of 4-aminopyridine and tedisamil on the myocyte contraction. The developed mathematical model can be used further for simulations of contraction of ventricular myocytes from genetically modified mice and myocytes from mice with chronic cardiac diseases. NEW & NOTEWORTHY A new mathematical model of mouse ventricular myocyte contraction that includes the β1-adrenergic system was developed. The model simulated major experimental protocols for myocyte contraction and predicted the effects of 4-aminopyridine and tedisamil on the myocyte contraction. The model also allowed for simulations of work-loop contractions and estimation of the power during the cardiac cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula D. Mullins
- Department of Mathematics, University of North Georgia, Blue Ridge, Georgia
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics and Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Vladimir E. Bondarenko
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics and Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
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17
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Tan YZ, Fei DD, He XN, Dai JM, Xu RC, Xu XY, Wu JJ, Li B. L-type voltage-gated calcium channels in stem cells and tissue engineering. Cell Prolif 2019; 52:e12623. [PMID: 31115100 PMCID: PMC6669004 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
L‐type voltage‐gated calcium ion channels (L‐VGCCs) have been demonstrated to be the mediator of several significant intracellular activities in excitable cells, such as neurons, chromaffin cells and myocytes. Recently, an increasing number of studies have investigated the function of L‐VGCCs in non‐excitable cells, particularly stem cells. However, there appear to be no systematic reviews of the relationship between L‐VGCCs and stem cells, and filling this gap is prescient considering the contribution of L‐VGCCs to the proliferation and differentiation of several types of stem cells. This review will discuss the possible involvement of L‐VGCCs in stem cells, mainly focusing on osteogenesis mediated by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from different tissues and neurogenesis mediated by neural stem/progenitor cells (NSCs). Additionally, advanced applications that use these channels as the target for tissue engineering, which may offer the hope of tissue regeneration in the future, will also be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Zhou Tan
- Department of Periodontology, State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dong-Dong Fei
- Department of Periodontology, State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiao-Ning He
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ji-Min Dai
- Doctoral students of eight-year program, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Rong-Chen Xu
- Doctoral students of eight-year program, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xin-Yue Xu
- Department of Periodontology, State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jun-Jie Wu
- Department of Orthodontics, State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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18
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Zhang Y, Wang WE, Zhang X, Li Y, Chen B, Liu C, Ai X, Zhang X, Tian Y, Zhang C, Tang M, Szeto C, Hua X, Xie M, Zeng C, Wu Y, Zhou L, Zhu W, Yu D, Houser SR, Chen X. Cardiomyocyte PKA Ablation Enhances Basal Contractility While Eliminates Cardiac β-Adrenergic Response Without Adverse Effects on the Heart. Circ Res 2019; 124:1760-1777. [PMID: 30982412 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.118.313417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE PKA (Protein Kinase A) is a major mediator of β-AR (β-adrenergic) regulation of cardiac function, but other mediators have also been suggested. Reduced PKA basal activity and activation are linked to cardiac diseases. However, how complete loss of PKA activity impacts on cardiac physiology and if it causes cardiac dysfunction have never been determined. OBJECTIVES We set to determine how the heart adapts to the loss of cardiomyocyte PKA activity and if it elicits cardiac abnormalities. METHODS AND RESULTS (1) Cardiac PKA activity was almost completely inhibited by expressing a PKA inhibitor peptide in cardiomyocytes (cPKAi) in mice; (2) cPKAi reduced basal phosphorylation of 2 myofilament proteins (TnI [troponin I] and cardiac myosin binding protein C), and one longitudinal SR (sarcoplasmic reticulum) protein (PLB [phospholamban]) but not of the sarcolemmal proteins (Cav1.2 α1c and PLM [phospholemman]), dyadic protein RyR2, and nuclear protein CREB (cAMP response element binding protein) at their PKA phosphorylation sites; (3) cPKAi increased the expression of CaMKII (Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase II), the Cav1.2 β subunits and current, but decreased CaMKII phosphorylation and CaMKII-mediated phosphorylation of PLB and RyR2; (4) These changes resulted in significantly enhanced myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity, prolonged contraction, slowed relaxation but increased myocyte Ca2+ transient and contraction amplitudes; (5) Isoproterenol-induced PKA and CaMKII activation and their phosphorylation of proteins were prevented by cPKAi; (6) cPKAi abolished the increases of heart rate, and cardiac and myocyte contractility by a β-AR agonist (isoproterenol), showing an important role of PKA and a minimal role of PKA-independent β-AR signaling in acute cardiac regulation; (7) cPKAi mice have partial exercise capability probably by enhancing vascular constriction and ventricular filling during β-AR stimulation; and (8) cPKAi mice did not show any cardiac functional or structural abnormalities during the 1-year study period. CONCLUSIONS PKA activity suppression induces a unique Ca2+ handling phenotype, eliminates β-AR regulation of heart rates and cardiac contractility but does not cause cardiac abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing (Y.Z., W.E.W., C. Zeng, L.Z.)
- Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University (Y.Z.)
- Department of Physiology and Cardiovascular Research Center (Y.Z., W.E.W., X.Z., Y.L., C.L., X.A., X.Z., C.Z., M.T., C.S., S.R.H., X.C.), Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Wei Eric Wang
- Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing (Y.Z., W.E.W., C. Zeng, L.Z.)
- Department of Physiology and Cardiovascular Research Center (Y.Z., W.E.W., X.Z., Y.L., C.L., X.A., X.Z., C.Z., M.T., C.S., S.R.H., X.C.), Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Xiaoying Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Cardiovascular Research Center (Y.Z., W.E.W., X.Z., Y.L., C.L., X.A., X.Z., C.Z., M.T., C.S., S.R.H., X.C.), Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Physiology and Cardiovascular Research Center (Y.Z., W.E.W., X.Z., Y.L., C.L., X.A., X.Z., C.Z., M.T., C.S., S.R.H., X.C.), Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
- The General Hospital of The PLA Rocket Force, Beijing, China (Y.L.)
| | - Biyi Chen
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, François M. Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine (B.C.)
| | - Chong Liu
- Department of Physiology and Cardiovascular Research Center (Y.Z., W.E.W., X.Z., Y.L., C.L., X.A., X.Z., C.Z., M.T., C.S., S.R.H., X.C.), Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
- Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai (C.L.)
| | - Xiaojie Ai
- Department of Physiology and Cardiovascular Research Center (Y.Z., W.E.W., X.Z., Y.L., C.L., X.A., X.Z., C.Z., M.T., C.S., S.R.H., X.C.), Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (X.A.)
| | - Xiaoxiao Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Cardiovascular Research Center (Y.Z., W.E.W., X.Z., Y.L., C.L., X.A., X.Z., C.Z., M.T., C.S., S.R.H., X.C.), Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Ultrasound, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan (X.Z., M.X.)
| | - Ying Tian
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Translational Medicine (Y.T., W.Z.), Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Chen Zhang
- Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing (Y.Z., W.E.W., C. Zeng, L.Z.)
- Department of Physiology and Cardiovascular Research Center (Y.Z., W.E.W., X.Z., Y.L., C.L., X.A., X.Z., C.Z., M.T., C.S., S.R.H., X.C.), Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Mingxin Tang
- Department of Physiology and Cardiovascular Research Center (Y.Z., W.E.W., X.Z., Y.L., C.L., X.A., X.Z., C.Z., M.T., C.S., S.R.H., X.C.), Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Christopher Szeto
- Department of Physiology and Cardiovascular Research Center (Y.Z., W.E.W., X.Z., Y.L., C.L., X.A., X.Z., C.Z., M.T., C.S., S.R.H., X.C.), Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Xiang Hua
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA (X.H.)
| | - Mingxin Xie
- Department of Ultrasound, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan (X.Z., M.X.)
| | | | - Yingjie Wu
- Institute of Genome Engineered Animal Models for Human Diseases, National Center of Genetically Engineered Animal Models for International Research, Dalian Medical University, Liaoning (Y.W.)
| | - Lin Zhou
- Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing (Y.Z., W.E.W., C. Zeng, L.Z.)
| | - Weizhong Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Translational Medicine (Y.T., W.Z.), Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
- Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Jiangsu (W.Z.)
| | - Daohai Yu
- Clinical Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (D.Y.)
| | - Steven R Houser
- Department of Physiology and Cardiovascular Research Center (Y.Z., W.E.W., X.Z., Y.L., C.L., X.A., X.Z., C.Z., M.T., C.S., S.R.H., X.C.), Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Xiongwen Chen
- Department of Physiology and Cardiovascular Research Center (Y.Z., W.E.W., X.Z., Y.L., C.L., X.A., X.Z., C.Z., M.T., C.S., S.R.H., X.C.), Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
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19
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Abstract
This review will first describe the importance of Ca2+ entry for function of excitable cells, and the subsequent discovery of voltage-activated calcium conductances in these cells. This finding was rapidly followed by the identification of multiple subtypes of calcium conductance in different tissues. These were initially termed low- and high-voltage activated currents, but were then further subdivided into L-, N-, PQ-, R- and T-type calcium currents on the basis of differing pharmacology, voltage-dependent and kinetic properties, and single channel conductance. Purification of skeletal muscle calcium channels allowed the molecular identification of the pore-forming and auxiliary α2δ, β and ϒ subunits present in these calcium channel complexes. These advances then led to the cloning of the different subunits, which permitted molecular characterisation, to match the cloned channels with physiological function. Studies with knockout and other mutant mice then allowed further investigation of physiological and pathophysiological roles of calcium channels. In terms of pharmacology, cardiovascular L-type channels are targets for the widely used antihypertensive 1,4-dihydropyridines and other calcium channel blockers, N-type channels are a drug target in pain, and α2δ-1 is the therapeutic target of the gabapentinoid drugs, used in neuropathic pain. Recent structural advances have allowed a deeper understanding of Ca2+ permeation through the channel pore and the structure of both the pore-forming and auxiliary subunits. Voltage-gated calcium channels are subject to multiple pathways of modulation by G-protein and second messenger regulation. Furthermore, their trafficking pathways, subcellular localisation and functional specificity are the subjects of active investigation.
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20
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Yu H, Yuan C, Westenbroek RE, Catterall WA. The AKAP Cypher/Zasp contributes to β-adrenergic/PKA stimulation of cardiac Ca V1.2 calcium channels. J Gen Physiol 2018; 150:883-889. [PMID: 29743299 PMCID: PMC5987873 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.201711818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A-kinase anchoring proteins are required for β-adrenergic stimulation of L-type Ca2+ channels in cardiac myocytes, but the molecular species that is responsible for this regulation remains unknown. Yu et al. reveal that Cypher/Zasp is a key regulator of β-adrenergic regulation in cardiac myocytes. Stimulation of the L-type Ca2+ current conducted by CaV1.2 channels in cardiac myocytes by the β-adrenergic/protein kinase A (PKA) signaling pathway requires anchoring of PKA to the CaV1.2 channel by an A-kinase anchoring protein (AKAP). However, the AKAP(s) responsible for regulation in vivo remain unknown. Here, we test the role of the AKAP Cypher/Zasp in β-adrenergic regulation of CaV1.2 channels using physiological studies of cardiac ventricular myocytes from young-adult mice lacking the long form of Cypher/Zasp (LCyphKO mice). These myocytes have increased protein levels of CaV1.2, PKA, and calcineurin. In contrast, the cell surface density of CaV1.2 channels and the basal Ca2+ current conducted by CaV1.2 channels are significantly reduced without substantial changes to kinetics or voltage dependence. β-adrenergic regulation of these L-type Ca2+ currents is also significantly reduced in myocytes from LCyphKO mice, whether calculated as a stimulation ratio or as net-stimulated Ca2+ current. At 100 nM isoproterenol, the net β-adrenergic–Ca2+ current conducted by CaV1.2 channels was reduced to 39 ± 12% of wild type. However, concentration–response curves for β-adrenergic stimulation of myocytes from LCyphKO mice have concentrations that give a half-maximal response similar to those for wild-type mice. These results identify Cypher/Zasp as an important AKAP for β-adrenergic regulation of cardiac CaV1.2 channels. Other AKAPs may work cooperatively with Cypher/Zasp to give the full magnitude of β-adrenergic regulation of CaV1.2 channels observed in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijie Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.,State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau
| | - Can Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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21
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Leroy J, Vandecasteele G, Fischmeister R. Cyclic AMP signaling in cardiac myocytes. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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22
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Kumari N, Gaur H, Bhargava A. Cardiac voltage gated calcium channels and their regulation by β-adrenergic signaling. Life Sci 2017; 194:139-149. [PMID: 29288765 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs) are the predominant source of calcium influx in the heart leading to calcium-induced calcium release and ultimately excitation-contraction coupling. In the heart, VGCCs are modulated by the β-adrenergic signaling. Signaling through β-adrenergic receptors (βARs) and modulation of VGCCs by β-adrenergic signaling in the heart are critical signaling and changes to these have been significantly implicated in heart failure. However, data related to calcium channel dysfunction in heart failure is divergent and contradictory ranging from reduced function to no change in the calcium current. Many recent studies have highlighted the importance of functional and spatial microdomains in the heart and that may be the key to answer several puzzling questions. In this review, we have briefly discussed the types of VGCCs found in heart tissues, their structure, and significance in the normal and pathological condition of the heart. More importantly, we have reviewed the modulation of VGCCs by βARs in normal and pathological conditions incorporating functional and structural aspects. There are different types of βARs, each having their own significance in the functioning of the heart. Finally, we emphasize the importance of location of proteins as it relates to their function and modulation by co-signaling molecules. Its implication on the studies of heart failure is speculated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neema Kumari
- Ion Channel Biology Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Telangana 502285, India
| | - Himanshu Gaur
- Ion Channel Biology Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Telangana 502285, India
| | - Anamika Bhargava
- Ion Channel Biology Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Telangana 502285, India.
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23
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Cserne Szappanos H, Muralidharan P, Ingley E, Petereit J, Millar AH, Hool LC. Identification of a novel cAMP dependent protein kinase A phosphorylation site on the human cardiac calcium channel. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15118. [PMID: 29123182 PMCID: PMC5680263 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15087-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The "Fight or Flight" response is elicited by extrinsic stress and is necessary in many species for survival. The response involves activation of the β-adrenergic signalling pathway. Surprisingly the mechanisms have remained unresolved. Calcium influx through the cardiac L-type Ca2+ channel (Cav1.2) is absolutely required. Here we identify the functionally relevant site for PKA phosphorylation on the human cardiac L-type Ca2+ channel pore forming α1 subunit using a novel approach. We used a cell free system where we could assess direct effects of PKA on human purified channel protein function reconstituted in proteoliposomes. In addition to assessing open probability of channel protein we used semi-quantitative fluorescent phosphoprotein detection and MS/MS mass spectrometry analysis to demonstrate the PKA specificity of the site. Robust increases in frequency of channel openings were recorded after phosphorylation of the long and short N terminal isoforms and the channel protein with C terminus truncated at aa1504. A protein kinase A anchoring protein (AKAP) was not required. We find the novel PKA phosphorylation site at Ser1458 is in close proximity to the Repeat IV S6 region and induces a conformational change in the channel protein that is necessary and sufficient for increased calcium influx through the channel.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Padmapriya Muralidharan
- School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Evan Ingley
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research and Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jakob Petereit
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - A Harvey Millar
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Livia C Hool
- School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia. .,Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia.
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24
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Proteolytic cleavage and PKA phosphorylation of α 1C subunit are not required for adrenergic regulation of Ca V1.2 in the heart. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:9194-9199. [PMID: 28784807 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1706054114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium influx through the voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel (CaV1.2) rapidly increases in the heart during "fight or flight" through activation of the β-adrenergic and protein kinase A (PKA) signaling pathway. The precise molecular mechanisms of β-adrenergic activation of cardiac CaV1.2, however, are incompletely known, but are presumed to require phosphorylation of residues in α1C and C-terminal proteolytic cleavage of the α1C subunit. We generated transgenic mice expressing an α1C with alanine substitutions of all conserved serine or threonine, which is predicted to be a potential PKA phosphorylation site by at least one prediction tool, while sparing the residues previously shown to be phosphorylated but shown individually not to be required for β-adrenergic regulation of CaV1.2 current (17-mutant). A second line included these 17 putative sites plus the five previously identified phosphoregulatory sites (22-mutant), thus allowing us to query whether regulation requires their contribution in combination. We determined that acute β-adrenergic regulation does not require any combination of potential PKA phosphorylation sites conserved in human, guinea pig, rabbit, rat, and mouse α1C subunits. We separately generated transgenic mice with inducible expression of proteolytic-resistant α1C Prevention of C-terminal cleavage did not alter β-adrenergic stimulation of CaV1.2 in the heart. These studies definitively rule out a role for all conserved consensus PKA phosphorylation sites in α1C in β-adrenergic stimulation of CaV1.2, and show that phosphoregulatory sites on α1C are not redundant and do not each fractionally contribute to the net stimulatory effect of β-adrenergic stimulation. Further, proteolytic cleavage of α1C is not required for β-adrenergic stimulation of CaV1.2.
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Poomvanicha M, Matthes J, Domes K, Patrucco E, Angermeier E, Laugwitz KL, Schneider T, Hofmann F. Beta-adrenergic regulation of the heart expressing the Ser1700A/Thr1704A mutated Cav1.2 channel. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2017; 111:10-16. [PMID: 28778765 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2017.07.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Beta-adrenergic stimulation of the heart increases ICa. PKA dependent phosphorylation of several amino acids (among them Ser 1700 and Thr 1704 in the carboxy-terminus of the Cav1.2 α1c subunit) has been implicated as decisive for the β-adrenergic up-regulation of cardiac ICa. Mutation of Ser 1700 and Thr 1704 to alanine results in the Cav1.2PKA_P2-/- mice. Cav1.2PKA_P2-/- mice display reduced cardiac L-type current. Fractional shortening and ejection fraction in the intact animal and ICa in isolated cardiomyocytes (CM) are stimulated by isoproterenol. Cardiac specific expression of the mutated Cav1.2PKA_P2-/- gene reduces Cav1.2 α1c protein concentration, ICa, and the β-adrenergic stimulation of L-type ICa in CMs. Single channels were not detected on the CM surface of the cCav1.2PKA_P2-/- hearts. This outcome supports the notion that S1700/1704 is essential for expression of the Cav1.2 channel and that isoproterenol stimulates ICa in Cav1.2PKA_P2-/- CMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montatip Poomvanicha
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Technische Universität München, Germany
| | - Jan Matthes
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, University Cologne, Germany
| | - Katrin Domes
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Technische Universität München, Germany
| | - Enrico Patrucco
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Technische Universität München, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Angermeier
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Technische Universität München, Germany
| | - Karl-Ludwig Laugwitz
- I. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik (Kardiologie, Angiologie & Pneumologie), Klinikum rechts der Isar-Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675 München, Germany
| | - Toni Schneider
- Institut für Neurophysiologie, University Cologne, Germany
| | - Franz Hofmann
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Technische Universität München, Germany.
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Oz S, Pankonien I, Belkacemi A, Flockerzi V, Klussmann E, Haase H, Dascal N. Protein kinase A regulates C-terminally truncated Ca V 1.2 in Xenopus oocytes: roles of N- and C-termini of the α 1C subunit. J Physiol 2017; 595:3181-3202. [PMID: 28194788 DOI: 10.1113/jp274015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS β-Adrenergic stimulation enhances Ca2+ entry via L-type CaV 1.2 channels, causing stronger contraction of cardiac muscle cells. The signalling pathway involves activation of protein kinase A (PKA), but the molecular details of PKA regulation of CaV 1.2 remain controversial despite extensive research. We show that PKA regulation of CaV 1.2 can be reconstituted in Xenopus oocytes when the distal C-terminus (dCT) of the main subunit, α1C , is truncated. The PKA upregulation of CaV 1.2 does not require key factors previously implicated in this mechanism: the clipped dCT, the A kinase-anchoring protein 15 (AKAP15), the phosphorylation sites S1700, T1704 and S1928, or the β subunit of CaV 1.2. The gating element within the initial segment of the N-terminus of the cardiac isoform of α1C is essential for the PKA effect. We propose that the regulation described here is one of two or several mechanisms that jointly mediate the PKA regulation of CaV 1.2 in the heart. ABSTRACT β-Adrenergic stimulation enhances Ca2+ currents via L-type, voltage-gated CaV 1.2 channels, strengthening cardiac contraction. The signalling via β-adrenergic receptors (β-ARs) involves elevation of cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels and activation of protein kinase A (PKA). However, how PKA affects the channel remains controversial. Recent studies in heterologous systems and genetically engineered mice stress the importance of the post-translational proteolytic truncation of the distal C-terminus (dCT) of the main (α1C ) subunit. Here, we successfully reconstituted the cAMP/PKA regulation of the dCT-truncated CaV 1.2 in Xenopus oocytes, which previously failed with the non-truncated α1C . cAMP and the purified catalytic subunit of PKA, PKA-CS, injected into intact oocytes, enhanced CaV 1.2 currents by ∼40% (rabbit α1C ) to ∼130% (mouse α1C ). PKA blockers were used to confirm specificity and the need for dissociation of the PKA holoenzyme. The regulation persisted in the absence of the clipped dCT (as a separate protein), the A kinase-anchoring protein AKAP15, and the phosphorylation sites S1700 and T1704, previously proposed as essential for the PKA effect. The CaV β2b subunit was not involved, as suggested by extensive mutagenesis. Using deletion/chimeric mutagenesis, we have identified the initial segment of the cardiac long-N-terminal isoform of α1C as a previously unrecognized essential element involved in PKA regulation. We propose that the observed regulation, that exclusively involves the α1C subunit, is one of several mechanisms underlying the overall PKA action on CaV 1.2 in the heart. We hypothesize that PKA is acting on CaV 1.2, in part, by affecting a structural 'scaffold' comprising the interacting cytosolic N- and C-termini of α1C .
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimrit Oz
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Ines Pankonien
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), D-13092, and the German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anouar Belkacemi
- Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universität des Saarlandes, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Veit Flockerzi
- Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universität des Saarlandes, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Enno Klussmann
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), D-13092, and the German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hannelore Haase
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), D-13092, and the German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nathan Dascal
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel.,Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
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