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Sheng X, Xia Z, Yang H, Hu R. The ubiquitin codes in cellular stress responses. Protein Cell 2024; 15:157-190. [PMID: 37470788 PMCID: PMC10903993 DOI: 10.1093/procel/pwad045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination/ubiquitylation, one of the most fundamental post-translational modifications, regulates almost every critical cellular process in eukaryotes. Emerging evidence has shown that essential components of numerous biological processes undergo ubiquitination in mammalian cells upon exposure to diverse stresses, from exogenous factors to cellular reactions, causing a dazzling variety of functional consequences. Various forms of ubiquitin signals generated by ubiquitylation events in specific milieus, known as ubiquitin codes, constitute an intrinsic part of myriad cellular stress responses. These ubiquitination events, leading to proteolytic turnover of the substrates or just switch in functionality, initiate, regulate, or supervise multiple cellular stress-associated responses, supporting adaptation, homeostasis recovery, and survival of the stressed cells. In this review, we attempted to summarize the crucial roles of ubiquitination in response to different environmental and intracellular stresses, while discussing how stresses modulate the ubiquitin system. This review also updates the most recent advances in understanding ubiquitination machinery as well as different stress responses and discusses some important questions that may warrant future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangpeng Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Zhixiong Xia
- Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Hanting Yang
- Department of Neurology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Translational Brain Research, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ronggui Hu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
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2
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Huang AY, Zhou Z, Talukdar M, Miller MB, Chhouk B, Enyenihi L, Rosen I, Stronge E, Zhao B, Kim D, Choi J, Khoshkhoo S, Kim J, Ganz J, Travaglini K, Gabitto M, Hodge R, Kaplan E, Lein E, De Jager PL, Bennett DA, Lee EA, Walsh CA. Somatic cancer driver mutations are enriched and associated with inflammatory states in Alzheimer's disease microglia. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.03.574078. [PMID: 38260600 PMCID: PMC10802273 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.03.574078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-associated neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive neuronal loss and pathological accumulation of the misfolded proteins amyloid-β and tau1,2. Neuroinflammation mediated by microglia and brain-resident macrophages plays a crucial role in AD pathogenesis1-5, though the mechanisms by which age, genes, and other risk factors interact remain largely unknown. Somatic mutations accumulate with age and lead to clonal expansion of many cell types, contributing to cancer and many non-cancer diseases6,7. Here we studied somatic mutation in normal aged and AD brains by three orthogonal methods and in three independent AD cohorts. Analysis of bulk RNA sequencing data from 866 samples from different brain regions revealed significantly higher (~two-fold) overall burdens of somatic single-nucleotide variants (sSNVs) in AD brains compared to age-matched controls. Molecular-barcoded deep (>1000X) gene panel sequencing of 311 prefrontal cortex samples showed enrichment of sSNVs and somatic insertions and deletions (sIndels) in cancer driver genes in AD brain compared to control, with recurrent, and often multiple, mutations in genes implicated in clonal hematopoiesis (CH)8,9. Pathogenic sSNVs were enriched in CSF1R+ microglia of AD brains, and the high proportion of microglia (up to 40%) carrying some sSNVs in cancer driver genes suggests mutation-driven microglial clonal expansion (MiCE). Analysis of single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNAseq) from temporal neocortex of 62 additional AD cases and controls exhibited nominally increased mosaic chromosomal alterations (mCAs) associated with CH10,11. Microglia carrying mCA showed upregulated pro-inflammatory genes, resembling the transcriptomic features of disease-associated microglia (DAM) in AD. Our results suggest that somatic driver mutations in microglia are common with normal aging but further enriched in AD brain, driving MiCE with inflammatory and DAM signatures. Our findings provide the first insights into microglial clonal dynamics in AD and identify potential new approaches to AD diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- August Yue Huang
- Division of Genetics and Genomics and Manton Center for Orphan Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Zinan Zhou
- Division of Genetics and Genomics and Manton Center for Orphan Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Maya Talukdar
- Division of Genetics and Genomics and Manton Center for Orphan Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard-MIT MD/PhD Program, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael B. Miller
- Division of Genetics and Genomics and Manton Center for Orphan Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brian Chhouk
- Division of Genetics and Genomics and Manton Center for Orphan Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Liz Enyenihi
- Division of Genetics and Genomics and Manton Center for Orphan Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard-MIT MD/PhD Program, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ila Rosen
- Division of Genetics and Genomics and Manton Center for Orphan Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edward Stronge
- Division of Genetics and Genomics and Manton Center for Orphan Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard-MIT MD/PhD Program, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Boxun Zhao
- Division of Genetics and Genomics and Manton Center for Orphan Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Dachan Kim
- Division of Genetics and Genomics and Manton Center for Orphan Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jaejoon Choi
- Division of Genetics and Genomics and Manton Center for Orphan Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sattar Khoshkhoo
- Division of Genetics and Genomics and Manton Center for Orphan Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Junho Kim
- Division of Genetics and Genomics and Manton Center for Orphan Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Javier Ganz
- Division of Genetics and Genomics and Manton Center for Orphan Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Eitan Kaplan
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ed Lein
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Philip L. De Jager
- Center for Translational and Computational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology and the Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - David A. Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical College, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Eunjung Alice Lee
- Division of Genetics and Genomics and Manton Center for Orphan Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Christopher A. Walsh
- Division of Genetics and Genomics and Manton Center for Orphan Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA USA
- Departments of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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3
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Sampson T. Microbial amyloids in neurodegenerative amyloid diseases. FEBS J 2023:10.1111/febs.17023. [PMID: 38041542 PMCID: PMC11144261 DOI: 10.1111/febs.17023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Human-disease associated amyloidogenic proteins are not unique in their ability to form amyloid fibrillar structures. Numerous microbes produce amyloidogenic proteins that have distinct functions for their physiology in their amyloid form, rather than solely detrimental. Emerging data indicate associations between various microbial organisms, including those which produce functional amyloids, with neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we review some of the evidence suggesting that microbial amyloids impact amyloid disease in host organisms. Experimental data are building a foundation for continued lines of enquiry and suggest that that direct or indirect interactions between microbial and host amyloids may be a contributor to amyloid pathologies. Inhibiting microbial amyloids or their interactions with the host may therefore represent a tangible target to limit various amyloid pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Sampson
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
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4
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Chmelova M, Androvic P, Kirdajova D, Tureckova J, Kriska J, Valihrach L, Anderova M, Vargova L. A view of the genetic and proteomic profile of extracellular matrix molecules in aging and stroke. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1296455. [PMID: 38107409 PMCID: PMC10723838 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1296455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Modification of the extracellular matrix (ECM) is one of the major processes in the pathology of brain damage following an ischemic stroke. However, our understanding of how age-related ECM alterations may affect stroke pathophysiology and its outcome is still very limited. Methods We conducted an ECM-targeted re-analysis of our previously obtained RNA-Seq dataset of aging, ischemic stroke and their interactions in young adult (3-month-old) and aged (18-month-old) mice. The permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAo) in rodents was used as a model of ischemic stroke. Altogether 56 genes of interest were chosen for this study. Results We identified an increased activation of the genes encoding proteins related to ECM degradation, such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), proteases of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with the thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS) family and molecules that regulate their activity, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). Moreover, significant upregulation was also detected in the mRNA of other ECM molecules, such as proteoglycans, syndecans and link proteins. Notably, we identified 8 genes where this upregulation was enhanced in aged mice in comparison with the young ones. Ischemia evoked a significant downregulation in only 6 of our genes of interest, including those encoding proteins associated with the protective function of ECM molecules (e.g., brevican, Hapln4, Sparcl1); downregulation in brevican was more prominent in aged mice. The study was expanded by proteome analysis, where we observed an ischemia-induced overexpression in three proteins, which are associated with neuroinflammation (fibronectin and vitronectin) and neurodegeneration (link protein Hapln2). In fibronectin and Hapln2, this overexpression was more pronounced in aged post-ischemic animals. Conclusion Based on these results, we can conclude that the ratio between the protecting and degrading mechanisms in the aged brain is shifted toward degradation and contributes to the aged tissues' increased sensitivity to ischemic insults. Altogether, our data provide fresh perspectives on the processes underlying ischemic injury in the aging brain and serve as a freely accessible resource for upcoming research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Chmelova
- Department of Neuroscience, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
- Department of Cellular Neurophysiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Peter Androvic
- Laboratory of Gene Expression, Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences – BIOCEV, Vestec, Czechia
| | - Denisa Kirdajova
- Department of Cellular Neurophysiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jana Tureckova
- Department of Cellular Neurophysiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jan Kriska
- Department of Cellular Neurophysiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Lukas Valihrach
- Department of Cellular Neurophysiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
- Laboratory of Gene Expression, Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences – BIOCEV, Vestec, Czechia
| | - Miroslava Anderova
- Department of Cellular Neurophysiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Lydia Vargova
- Department of Neuroscience, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
- Department of Cellular Neurophysiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
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5
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Singh R, Hussain J, Kaur A, Jamdare BG, Pathak D, Garg K, Kaur R, Shankar S, Sunkaria A. The hidden players: Shedding light on the significance of post-translational modifications and miRNAs in Alzheimer's disease development. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 90:102002. [PMID: 37423542 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent, expensive, lethal, and burdening neurodegenerative disease of this century. The initial stages of this disease are characterized by a reduced ability to encode and store new memories. Subsequent cognitive and behavioral deterioration occurs during the later stages. Abnormal cleavage of amyloid precursor protein (APP) resulting in amyloid-beta (Aβ) accumulation along with hyperphosphorylation of tau protein are the two characteristic hallmarks of AD. Recently, several post-translational modifications (PTMs) have been identified on both Aβ as well as tau proteins. However, a complete understanding of how different PTMs influence the structure and function of proteins in both healthy and diseased conditions is still lacking. It has been speculated that these PTMs might play vital roles in the progression of AD. In addition, several short non-coding microRNA (miRNA) sequences have been found to be deregulated in the peripheral blood of Alzheimer patients. The miRNAs are single-stranded RNAs that control gene expression by causing mRNA degradation, deadenylation, or translational repression and have been implicated in the regulation of several neuronal and glial activities. The lack of comprehensive understanding regarding disease mechanisms, biomarkers, and therapeutic targets greatly hampers the development of effective strategies for early diagnosis and the identification of viable therapeutic targets. Moreover, existing treatment options for managing the disease have proven to be ineffective and provide only temporary relief. Therefore, understanding the role of miRNAs and PTMs in AD can provide valuable insights into disease mechanisms, aid in the identification of biomarkers, facilitate the discovery of novel therapeutic targets, and inspire innovative treatments for this challenging condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravinder Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Julfequar Hussain
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Amandeep Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Balaji Gokul Jamdare
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Deepti Pathak
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Kanchan Garg
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Ramanpreet Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Shivani Shankar
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Aditya Sunkaria
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India.
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6
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Sahu I, Zhu H, Buhrlage SJ, Marto JA. Proteomic approaches to study ubiquitinomics. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2023; 1866:194940. [PMID: 37121501 PMCID: PMC10612121 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2023.194940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
As originally described some 40 years ago, protein ubiquitination was thought to serve primarily as a static mark for protein degradation. In the ensuing years, it has become clear that 'ubiquitination' is a structurally diverse and dynamic post-translational modification and is intricately involved in a myriad of signaling pathways in all eukaryote cells. And like other key pathways in the functional proteome, ubiquitin signaling is often disrupted, sometimes severely so, in human pathophysiology. As a result of its central role in normal physiology and human disease, the ubiquitination field is now represented across the full landscape of biomedical research from fundamental structural and biochemical studies to translational and clinical research. In recent years, mass spectrometry has emerged as a powerful technology for the detection and characterization of protein ubiquitination. Herein we detail qualitative and quantitative proteomic methods using a compare/contrast approach to highlight their strengths and weaknesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indrajit Sahu
- Department of Cancer Biology and the Linde Program in Cancer Chemical Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - He Zhu
- Department of Cancer Biology and the Linde Program in Cancer Chemical Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sara J Buhrlage
- Department of Cancer Biology and the Linde Program in Cancer Chemical Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Center for Emergent Drug Targets, USA.
| | - Jarrod A Marto
- Department of Cancer Biology and the Linde Program in Cancer Chemical Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Blais Proteomics Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Center for Emergent Drug Targets, USA.
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7
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Ratan Y, Rajput A, Maleysm S, Pareek A, Jain V, Pareek A, Kaur R, Singh G. An Insight into Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Pathogenesis of Neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's Disease. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051398. [PMID: 37239068 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prominent neurodegenerative disorder in the aging population. It is characterized by cognitive decline, gradual neurodegeneration, and the development of amyloid-β (Aβ)-plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, which constitute hyperphosphorylated tau. The early stages of neurodegeneration in AD include the loss of neurons, followed by synaptic impairment. Since the discovery of AD, substantial factual research has surfaced that outlines the disease's causes, molecular mechanisms, and prospective therapeutics, but a successful cure for the disease has not yet been discovered. This may be attributed to the complicated pathogenesis of AD, the absence of a well-defined molecular mechanism, and the constrained diagnostic resources and treatment options. To address the aforementioned challenges, extensive disease modeling is essential to fully comprehend the underlying mechanisms of AD, making it easier to design and develop effective treatment strategies. Emerging evidence over the past few decades supports the critical role of Aβ and tau in AD pathogenesis and the participation of glial cells in different molecular and cellular pathways. This review extensively discusses the current understanding concerning Aβ- and tau-associated molecular mechanisms and glial dysfunction in AD. Moreover, the critical risk factors associated with AD including genetics, aging, environmental variables, lifestyle habits, medical conditions, viral/bacterial infections, and psychiatric factors have been summarized. The present study will entice researchers to more thoroughly comprehend and explore the current status of the molecular mechanism of AD, which may assist in AD drug development in the forthcoming era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashumati Ratan
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali 304022, Rajasthan, India
| | - Aishwarya Rajput
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali 304022, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sushmita Maleysm
- Department of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali 304022, Rajasthan, India
| | - Aaushi Pareek
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali 304022, Rajasthan, India
| | - Vivek Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mohan Lal Sukhadia University, Udaipur 313001, Rajasthan, India
| | - Ashutosh Pareek
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali 304022, Rajasthan, India
| | - Ranjeet Kaur
- Adesh Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Bathinda 151101, Punjab, India
| | - Gurjit Singh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
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8
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Bhatia S, Singh M, Singh T, Singh V. Scrutinizing the Therapeutic Potential of PROTACs in the Management of Alzheimer's Disease. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:13-25. [PMID: 35987974 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03722-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Finding an effective cure for Alzheimer's disease has eluded scientists despite intense research. The disease is a cause of suffering for millions of people worldwide and is characterized by dementia accompanied by cognitive and motor deficits, ultimately culminating in the death of the patient. The course of the disease progression has various underlying contributing pathways, with the first and foremost factor being the development and accumulation of aberrant and misfolded proteins exhibiting neurotoxic functions. The impairment of cellular clearance mechanisms adds to their accumulation, resulting in neuronal death. This is where the PROteolysis TArgeting Chimera (PROTAC) technology comes into play, bringing the UPS degradation machinery in the proximity of the target protein for initiating its degradation and clearing abnormal protein debris with unparalleled precision demonstrating an edge over traditional protein inhibitors in many respects. The technology is widely explored in cancer research and utilized in the treatment of various tumors and malignancies, and is now being applied in treating AD. This review explores the application of PROTAC technology in developing lead compounds for managing this deadly disease along with detailing the pieces of evidence justifying its utility and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiveena Bhatia
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Manjinder Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India.
| | - Tanveer Singh
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Texas A &M University Health Science Centre, Bryan, TX, 77807, USA
| | - Varinder Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India.
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9
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Qureshi T, Chinnathambi S. Histone deacetylase-6 modulates Tau function in Alzheimer's disease. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2022; 1869:119275. [PMID: 35452751 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2022.119275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), one of the major tauopathies, is multifactorial with a massive demand for disease-modifying treatments rather than symptom management. An AD-affected neuron shows Tau depositions generated due to overload on the proteostasis machinery of the cell and/or abnormal post-translational modifications on Tau protein. Loss of memory or dementia is the most significant concern in AD, occurring due to the loss of neurons and the connections between them. In a healthy brain, neurons interact with the environment and each other through extensions and migratory structures. It can thus be safe to assume that Tau depositions affect these growth structures in neurons. A Histone Deacetylase, HDAC6, has shown elevated levels in AD while also demonstrating direct interaction with the Tau protein. HDAC6 interacts with multiple proteins in the cell and is possibly involved in various signalling pathways. Its deacetylase activity has been a point of controversy in AD; however other functional domains remain unexplored. This review highlights the beneficial potential of HDAC6 in AD in mediating both Tau proteostasis and cytoskeletal rewiring for the neuritic extensions through its Ubiquitin Binding domain (HDAC6 ZnF UBP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tazeen Qureshi
- Neurobiology Group, Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, 411008 Pune, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Subashchandrabose Chinnathambi
- Neurobiology Group, Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, 411008 Pune, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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10
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Li Y, Yang H, He T, Zhang L, Liu C. Post-Translational Modification of Cav1.2 and its Role in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:775087. [PMID: 35111050 PMCID: PMC8802068 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.775087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cav1.2 plays an essential role in learning and memory, drug addiction, and neuronal development. Intracellular calcium homeostasis is disrupted in neurodegenerative diseases because of abnormal Cav1.2 channel activity and modification of downstream Ca2+ signaling pathways. Multiple post-translational modifications of Cav1.2 have been observed and seem to be closely related to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. The specific molecular mechanisms by which Cav1.2 channel activity is regulated remain incompletely understood. Dihydropyridines (DHPs), which are commonly used for hypertension and myocardial ischemia, have been repurposed to treat PD and AD and show protective effects. However, further studies are needed to improve delivery strategies and drug selectivity. Better knowledge of channel modulation and more specific methods for altering Cav1.2 channel function may lead to better therapeutic strategies for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Li
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, School of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, School of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Tianhan He
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, School of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, School of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
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UCHL1 and Proteasome in Blood Serum in Relation to Dietary Habits, Concentration of Selected Antioxidant Minerals and Total Antioxidant Status among Patients with Alzheimer's Disease. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11020412. [PMID: 35054106 PMCID: PMC8779407 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11020412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an incurable neurodegenerative disease. It is the most common form of dementia among the elderly population. So far, no effective methods of its treatment have been found. Research to better understand the mechanism of pathology may provide new methods for early diagnosis. This, in turn, could enable early intervention that could slow or halt disease progression and improve patients' quality of life. Therefore, minimally invasive markers, including serum-based markers, are being sought to improve the diagnosis of AD. One of the important markers may be the concentration of UCHL1 and the proteasome in the blood serum. Their concentration can be affected by many factors, including eating habits. This study was conducted in 110 patients with early or moderate AD, with a mean age of 78.0 ± 8.1 years. The patients were under the care of the Podlasie Center of Psychogeriatrics and the Department of Neurology (Medical University of Białystok, Poland). The control group consisted of 60 healthy volunteers, matched for gender and age. The concentration of UCHL1 and the 20S proteasome subunit were measured by surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRI). In addition, a nutritional interview was conducted with patients with AD, which assessed the frequency of consumption of 36 groups of products. In the group of patients with AD, compared to the control group, we showed a significantly higher concentration of UCHL1 (56.05 vs. 7.98 ng/mL) and the proteasome (13.02 vs. 5.72 µg/mL). Moreover, we found a low negative correlation between UCHL1 and the proteasome in the control group, and positive in the AD group. The analysis of eating habits showed that the consumption of selected groups of products may affect the concentration of the tested components, and therefore may have a protective effect on AD.
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12
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Deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs): decipher underlying basis of neurodegenerative diseases. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:259-268. [PMID: 34285347 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01233-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are characterized by the aggregation of neurotoxic proteins in the central nervous system. Aberrant protein accumulation in NDs is largely caused by the dysfunction of the two principal protein catabolism pathways, the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), and the autophagy-lysosomal pathway (ALP). The two protein quality control pathways are bridged by ubiquitination, a post-translational modification that can induce protein degradation via both the UPS and the ALP. Perturbed ubiquitination leads to the formation of toxic aggregates and inclusion bodies that are deleterious to neurons. Ubiquitination is promoted by a cascade of ubiquitinating enzymes and counter-regulated by deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs). As fine-tuning regulators of ubiquitination and protein degradation, DUBs modulate the stability of ND-associated pathogenic proteins including amyloid β protein, Tau, and α-synuclein. Besides, DUBs also influence ND-associated mitophagy, protein secretion, and neuroinflammation. Given the various and critical functions of DUBs in NDs, DUBs may become potential therapeutic targets for NDs.
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13
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Ng B, Casazza W, Kim NH, Wang C, Farhadi F, Tasaki S, Bennett DA, De Jager PL, Gaiteri C, Mostafavi S. Cascading epigenomic analysis for identifying disease genes from the regulatory landscape of GWAS variants. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009918. [PMID: 34807913 PMCID: PMC8648125 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of genetic variants detected in genome wide association studies (GWAS) exert their effects on phenotypes through gene regulation. Motivated by this observation, we propose a multi-omic integration method that models the cascading effects of genetic variants from epigenome to transcriptome and eventually to the phenome in identifying target genes influenced by risk alleles. This cascading epigenomic analysis for GWAS, which we refer to as CEWAS, comprises two types of models: one for linking cis genetic effects to epigenomic variation and another for linking cis epigenomic variation to gene expression. Applying these models in cascade to GWAS summary statistics generates gene level statistics that reflect genetically-driven epigenomic effects. We show on sixteen brain-related GWAS that CEWAS provides higher gene detection rate than related methods, and finds disease relevant genes and gene sets that point toward less explored biological processes. CEWAS thus presents a novel means for exploring the regulatory landscape of GWAS variants in uncovering disease mechanisms. The majority of genetic variants detected in genome wide association studies (GWAS) exert their effects on phenotypes through gene regulation. Motivated by this observation, we propose a multi-omic integration method that models the cascading effects of genetic variants from epigenome to transcriptome and eventually to the phenome in identifying target genes influenced by risk alleles. This cascading epigenomic analysis for GWAS, which we refer to as CEWAS, combines the effect of genetic variants on DNA methylation as well as gene expression. We show on sixteen brain-related GWAS that CEWAS provides higher gene detection rate than related methods, and finds disease relevant genes and gene sets that point toward less explored biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Ng
- Department of Statistics and Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - William Casazza
- Department of Statistics and Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Nam Hee Kim
- Department of Computer Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Chendi Wang
- Department of Statistics and Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Farnush Farhadi
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Shinya Tasaki
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - David A. Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Philip L. De Jager
- Center for Translational & Computational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology and the Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Christopher Gaiteri
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Sara Mostafavi
- Department of Statistics and Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Paul G. Allen School for Computer Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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14
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Rapid initiation of cell cycle reentry processes protects neurons from amyloid-β toxicity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2011876118. [PMID: 33737393 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2011876118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurons are postmitotic cells. Reactivation of the cell cycle by neurons has been reported in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brains and models. This gave rise to the hypothesis that reentering the cell cycle renders neurons vulnerable and thus contributes to AD pathogenesis. Here, we use the fluorescent ubiquitination-based cell cycle indicator (FUCCI) technology to monitor the cell cycle in live neurons. We found transient, self-limited cell cycle reentry activity in naive neurons, suggesting that their postmitotic state is a dynamic process. Furthermore, we observed a diverse response to oligomeric amyloid-β (oAβ) challenge; neurons without cell cycle reentry activity would undergo cell death without activating the FUCCI reporter, while neurons undergoing cell cycle reentry activity at the time of the oAβ challenge could maintain and increase FUCCI reporter signal and evade cell death. Accordingly, we observed marked neuronal FUCCI positivity in the brains of human mutant Aβ precursor protein transgenic (APP23) mice together with increased neuronal expression of the endogenous cell cycle control protein geminin in the brains of 3-mo-old APP23 mice and human AD brains. Taken together, our data challenge the current view on cell cycle in neurons and AD, suggesting that pathways active during early cell cycle reentry in neurons protect from Aβ toxicity.
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15
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Xu W, Qi Y, Gao Y, Quan H, Li Q, Zhou H, Huang J. Benzo(a)pyrene exposure in utero exacerbates Parkinson's Disease (PD)-like α-synucleinopathy in A53T human alpha-synuclein transgenic mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 427:115658. [PMID: 34332006 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous work indicated that benzo[a]pyrene (B(a)P) exposure in utero might adversely affect neurodevelopment and cause Parkinson's Disease (PD)-like symptoms. However, the effect of utero exposure to B(a)P on PD-like α-synucleinopathy and the mechanism under are unclear. OBJECTIVE The A53T human alpha-synuclein (α-syn) transgenic mice (M83+/-) were used in this study to gain insights into the role of B(a)P exposure in utero in the onset of α-syn pathology and neuronal damage. METHOD Timed-pregnant M83+/- dams were exposed to 1) corn oil (vehicle) or 2) 5 mg/kg bw/d B(a)P or 3) 20 mg/kg bw/d B(a)P at gestational day 10-17 by oral gavage and then the SNCA transcription, α-syn accumulation and aggregation, neuroinflammation and nigral dopaminergic neurodegeneration of 60-day-old pups were evaluated. RESULT SNCA mRNA and α-syn protein expression in the midbrain of 60 days adult mice were found to be remarkably elevated after B(a)P exposure in utero, the protein degradation capacity was injured (in 20 mg/kg dose group) and α-syn aggregation could be observed in the substantia nigra (SN); Enhanced Iba1 expression in the midbrain and microglial activation (in 20 mg/kg dose group) in the SN were also figured out; Besides, dopaminergic neurons in the SN of 60 days adult mice were significantly decreased. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrated that B(a)P exposure in utero could exacerbate α-syn pathology and induce activation of microglia which might further lead to dopaminergic neuronal loss in the SN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixing Xu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yuze Qi
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yanjun Gao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Huihui Quan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qingru Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
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16
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The proteasome and its role in the nervous system. Cell Chem Biol 2021; 28:903-917. [PMID: 33905676 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2021.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Proteasomes are multisubunit complexes that catalyze the majority of protein degradation in mammalian cells to maintain protein homeostasis and influence the regulation of most cellular processes. The proteasome, a multicatalytic protease complex, is a ring-like structure with a narrow pore that exhibits regulated gating, enabling the selective degradation of target proteins into peptide fragments. This process of removing proteins is essential for eliminating proteins that are no longer wanted, such as unfolded or aggregated proteins. This is important for preserving cellular function relevant to brain health and disease. Recently, in the nervous system, specialized proteasomes have been shown to generate peptides with important cellular functions. These discoveries challenge the prevailing notion that proteasomes primarily operate to eliminate proteins and identify signaling-competent proteasomes. This review focuses on the structure, function, and regulation of proteasomes and sheds light on emerging areas of investigation regarding the role of proteasomes in the nervous system.
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Banasiak K, Szulc NA, Pokrzywa W. The Dose-Dependent Pleiotropic Effects of the UBB +1 Ubiquitin Mutant. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:650730. [PMID: 33842548 PMCID: PMC8032880 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.650730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The proteolytic machinery activity diminishes with age, leading to abnormal accumulation of aberrant proteins; furthermore, a decline in protein degradation capacity is associated with multiple age-related proteinopathies. Cellular proteostasis can be maintained via the removal of ubiquitin (Ub)-tagged damaged and redundant proteins by the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). However, during aging, central nervous system (CNS) cells begin to express a frameshift-mutated Ub, UBB+1. Its accumulation is a neuropathological hallmark of tauopathy, including Alzheimer’s disease and polyglutamine diseases. Mechanistically, in cell-free and cell-based systems, an increase in the UBB+1 concentration disrupts proteasome processivity, leading to increased aggregation of toxic proteins. On the other hand, a low level of UBB+1 improves stress resistance and extends lifespan. Here we summarize recent findings regarding the impact of UBB+1 on Ub signaling and neurodegeneration. We also review the molecular basis of how UBB+1 affects UPS components as well as its dose-dependent switch between cytoprotective and cytotoxic roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Banasiak
- Laboratory of Protein Metabolism, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Natalia A Szulc
- Laboratory of Protein Metabolism, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Pokrzywa
- Laboratory of Protein Metabolism, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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18
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Watson ME, Scott D, Jamieson C, Layfield R, Mason AM. Design, synthesis and evaluation of E2‐25K derived stapled peptides. Pept Sci (Hoboken) 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pep2.24158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Morag E. Watson
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry University of Strathclyde Glasgow UK
| | - Daniel Scott
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical School Nottingham UK
| | - Craig Jamieson
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry University of Strathclyde Glasgow UK
| | - Robert Layfield
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical School Nottingham UK
| | - Andrew M. Mason
- Medicinal Sciences and Technology, GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development, Medicines Research Centre Stevenage Herts UK
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19
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Tian T, McLean JW, Wilson JA, Wilson SM. Examination of genetic and pharmacological tools to study the proteasomal deubiquitinating enzyme ubiquitin-specific protease 14 in the nervous system. J Neurochem 2020; 156:309-323. [PMID: 32901953 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Strategies for enhancing protein degradation have been proposed for treating neurological diseases associated with a decline in proteasome activity. A proteasomal deubiquitinating enzyme that controls substrate entry into proteasomes, ubiquitin-specific protease 14 (USP14), is an attractive candidate for therapies that modulate proteasome activity. This report tests the validity of genetic and pharmacological tools to study USP14's role in regulating protein abundance. Although previous studies implicated USP14 in the degradation of microtubule associate protein tau, tar DNA binding protein, and prion protein, the levels of these proteins were similar in our neurons cultured from wild type and USP14-deficient mice. Neither loss nor over-expression of USP14 affected the levels of these proteins in mice, implying that modifying the amount of USP14 is not sufficient to alter their steady-state levels. However, neuronal over-expression of a catalytic mutant of USP14 showed that manipulating USP14's ubiquitin-hydrolase activity altered the levels of specific proteins in vivo. Although pharmacological inhibitors of USP14's ubiquitin-hydrolase activity reduced microtubule associate protein tau, tar DNA binding protein, and prion protein in culture, the effect was similar in wild type and USP14-deficient neurons, thus impacting their use for specifically evaluating USP14 in a therapeutic manner. While examining how targeting USP14 may affect other proteins in vivo, this report showed that fatty acid synthase, v-rel reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog, CTNNB1, and synaptosome associated protein 23 are reduced in USP14-deficient mice; however, loss of USP14 differentially altered the levels of these proteins in the liver and brain. As such, it is critical to more thoroughly examine how inhibiting USP14 alters protein abundance to determine if targeting USP14 will be a beneficial strategy for treating neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Tian
- Department of Neurobiology, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Civitan International Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - John W McLean
- Department of Neurobiology, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Civitan International Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Julie A Wilson
- Department of Neurobiology, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Civitan International Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Scott M Wilson
- Department of Neurobiology, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Civitan International Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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20
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Rath M, Guergues J, Pinho JPC, Zhang P, Nguyen TG, MacFadyen KA, Peris J, McLaughlin JP, Stevens SM, Liu B. Chronic Voluntary Binge Ethanol Consumption Causes Sex-Specific Differences in Microglial Signaling Pathways and Withdrawal-associated Behaviors in Mice. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2020; 44:1791-1806. [PMID: 32767774 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microglia are the resident immune cells in the brain where they play essential roles in the development and maintenance of physiological functions of this organ. Aberrant activation of microglia is speculated to be involved in the pathogenesis of a variety of neurological disorders, including alcohol use disorders. Repeated binge ethanol (EtOH) consumption can have a profound impact on the function and integrity of the brain resulting in changes in behaviors such as withdrawal and reward. However, the microglial molecular and cellular pathways associated with EtOH binge consumption remain poorly understood. METHOD In this study, adult C57BL/6J male and female mice were subjected daily to a gelatin-based drinking-in-the-dark voluntary EtOH consumption paradigm (3 h/d for 4 months) to characterize EtOH consumption and withdrawal-associated and anxiety-like behaviors. Brain microglia were isolated at the end and analyzed for protein expression profile changes using unbiased mass spectrometry-based proteomic analysis. RESULTS Both male and female mice consistently consumed binge quantities of EtOH daily, resulting in blood EtOH levels > 80 mg/dl measured at the end of the 3-hour daily consumption period. Although female mice consumed a significantly greater amount of EtOH than male mice, EtOH withdrawal-associated anxiety-like behaviors measured by marble-burying, light-dark box, and elevated plus maze tests were predominantly observed in male mice. Proteomic analysis of microglia isolated from the brains of animals at the end of the 4-month binge EtOH consumption identified 117 and 37 proteins that were significantly up- or downregulated in EtOH-exposed male and female mice, respectively, compared to their pair-fed controls. Protein expression profile-based pathway analysis identified several cellular pathways that may underlie the sex-specific and EtOH withdrawal-associated behavioral abnormalities. CONCLUSION Taken together, our findings revealed sex-specific changes in EtOH withdrawal-associated behaviors and signaling pathways in the mouse brain microglia and may help advance our understanding of the molecular, cellular, and behavioral changes related to human binge EtOH consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meera Rath
- From the, Department of Pharmacodynamics (MR, PZ, TGN, KAM, JP, JPM, BL), University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Jennifer Guergues
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (JG, SMS), Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Colchester, Vermont, USA
| | - Joao P C Pinho
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology (JPCP), University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Ping Zhang
- From the, Department of Pharmacodynamics (MR, PZ, TGN, KAM, JP, JPM, BL), University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Truc G Nguyen
- From the, Department of Pharmacodynamics (MR, PZ, TGN, KAM, JP, JPM, BL), University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Kaley A MacFadyen
- From the, Department of Pharmacodynamics (MR, PZ, TGN, KAM, JP, JPM, BL), University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Joanna Peris
- From the, Department of Pharmacodynamics (MR, PZ, TGN, KAM, JP, JPM, BL), University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Jay P McLaughlin
- From the, Department of Pharmacodynamics (MR, PZ, TGN, KAM, JP, JPM, BL), University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Stanley M Stevens
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (JG, SMS), Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Colchester, Vermont, USA
| | - Bin Liu
- From the, Department of Pharmacodynamics (MR, PZ, TGN, KAM, JP, JPM, BL), University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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Lim KH, Joo JY, Baek KH. The potential roles of deubiquitinating enzymes in brain diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 61:101088. [PMID: 32470641 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Most proteins undergo posttranslational modification such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, biotinylation, and ubiquitination to regulate various cellular processes. Ubiquitin-targeted proteins from the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) are degraded by 26S proteasome, along with this, deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) have specific activity against the UPS through detaching of ubiquitin on ubiquitin-targeted proteins. Balancing between protein expression and degradation through interplay between the UPS and DUBs is important to maintain cell homeostasis, and abnormal expression and elongation of proteins lead to diverse diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and autoimmune response. Therefore, development of DUB inhibitors as therapeutic targets has been challenging. In addition, understanding of the roles of DUBs in neurodegeneration, specifically brain diseases, has emerged gradually. This review highlights recent studies on the molecular mechanisms for DUBs, and discusses potential therapeutic targets for DUBs in cases of brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Key-Hwan Lim
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Choeomdan-Ro 61, Daegu 41068, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae-Yeol Joo
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Choeomdan-Ro 61, Daegu 41068, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Hyun Baek
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Gyeonggi-Do 13488, Republic of Korea
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22
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Dysregulation of protein degradation in the hippocampus is associated with impaired spatial memory during the development of obesity. Behav Brain Res 2020; 393:112787. [PMID: 32603798 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Studies have shown that long-term exposure to high fat and other obesogenic diets results in insulin resistance and altered blood brain barrier permeability, dysregulation of intracellular signaling mechanisms, changes in DNA methylation levels and gene expression, and increased oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in the hippocampus, all of which are associated with impaired spatial memory. The ubiquitin-proteasome system controls the majority of protein degradation in cells and is a critical regulator of synaptic plasticity and memory formation. Yet, whether protein degradation in the hippocampus becomes dysregulated following weight gain and is associated with obesity-induced memory impairments is unknown. Here, we used a high fat diet procedure in combination with behavioral and subcellular fractionation protocols and a variety of biochemical assays to determine if ubiquitin-proteasome activity becomes altered in the hippocampus during obesity development and whether this is associated with impaired spatial memory. We found that only 6 weeks of exposure to a high fat diet was sufficient to impair performance on an object location task in rats and resulted in dynamic dysregulation of ubiquitin-proteasome activity in the nucleus and cytoplasm of cells in the hippocampus. Furthermore, these changes in the protein degradation process extended into cortical regions also involved in spatial memory formation. Collectively, these results indicate that weight gain-induced memory impairments may be due to altered ubiquitin-proteasome signaling that occurs during the early stages of obesity development.
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23
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Al Mamun A, Uddin MS, Kabir MT, Khanum S, Sarwar MS, Mathew B, Rauf A, Ahmed M, Ashraf GM. Exploring the Promise of Targeting Ubiquitin-Proteasome System to Combat Alzheimer’s Disease. Neurotox Res 2020; 38:8-17. [DOI: 10.1007/s12640-020-00185-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Xia H, Zhang Q, Shen Y, Bai Y, Ma X, Zhang B, Qi Y, Zhang J, Hu Q, Du W, Zhu L, Zhou P, Wang B, Xu H, Huang L, Li X. ube3d, a New Gene Associated with Age-Related Macular Degeneration, Induces Functional Changes in Both In Vivo and In Vitro Studies. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2020; 20:217-230. [PMID: 32200270 PMCID: PMC7090285 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2020.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is characterized by the formation of choroidal neovascularization, which is responsible for more than 80% of cases of severe vision loss. Ubiquitin protein ligase E3D (UBE3D) gene missense has been proven to be associated with neovascular AMD in the East Asian population based on our previous study. In vivo, we explored the role of ube3d in eye development and the mechanisms underlying the development of neovascular AMD in a zebrafish model. In vitro, we investigated the function and mechanism of ube3d in oxidative damage in human retinal pigment epithelium (hRPE) cells. The ube3d gene was knocked down in zebrafish in our experiments, and rescue of ube3d morphants was also performed. We observed the zebrafish model at the molecular level and functional and morphological changes in vivo. Lentivirus-based gene transfer technology was used to overexpress/knockdown ube3d expression in hRPE cells in vitro. hRPE oxidative damage was induced by tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-TBH). Cell proliferation and migration were assessed. Quantitative real-time PCR and western blot were used to measure the expression levels of UBE3D and CyclinB1. Abnormal eye development was found in zebrafish in this study, including small eyes, delayed retinal development, delayed retrograde melanosome transport, and reduced dark-induced hyper-locomotor activity under light-off conditions. In addition, increased angiogenesis was observed in ube3d morphants. A negative correlation between UBE3D and CyclinB1 was observed. Low UBE3D expression can promote oxidative damage and inflammatory reactions. UBE3D and autophagy have a synergetic effect on anti-oxidative damage. These findings indicate that ube3d may play an important role in the pathogenesis of AMD by affecting retinal development, oxidative damage, and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huika Xia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China; Department of Ophthalmology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Yan Shen
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yujing Bai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Xiaoyun Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai 201318, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yun Qi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Qinrui Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Wei Du
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Li Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Peng Zhou
- Parkway Health Hongqiao Medical Center, Shanghai 201101, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Xiamen Eye Centre of Xiamen University & Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361000, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Lvzhen Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China.
| | - Xiaoxin Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China; Xiamen Eye Centre of Xiamen University & Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361000, China.
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Coux O, Zieba BA, Meiners S. The Proteasome System in Health and Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1233:55-100. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-38266-7_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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The Molecular Misreading of APP and UBB Induces a Humoral Immune Response in Alzheimer's Disease Patients with Diagnostic Ability. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 57:1009-1020. [PMID: 31654319 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-01809-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia worldwide with 10-30% prevalence in aging population and a high socioeconomic impact. Because AD definitive diagnostic requires post-mortem verification, new approaches to study the disease are necessary. Here, we analyze the humoral immune response in AD to survey whether APP+1 or UBB+1 frameshift proteins, produced as a consequence of the "molecular misreading" alteration in AD occurring in the APP (amyloid precursor protein) and UBB (ubiquitin-B protein) proteins' mRNA, elicit the production of autoantibodies specific of AD. To this end, APP+1 and UBB+1 peptides were expressed in bacteria as 6xHisHalo fusion proteins and after purification to homogeneity their seroreactivity was analyzed using 81 individual sera from AD patients and 43 individual sera from healthy individuals by luminescence beads immunoassay. We found that as a result of the molecular misreading, APP+1 and UBB+1 frameshift peptides produced a humoral immune response in AD patients, whose autoantibody levels are significantly higher in comparison with healthy controls. Their combination with a previously reported panel of four autoantigens specific of AD (ANTXR1, OR8J1, PYGB, and NUPR1) increased their diagnostic ability assessed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves up to an area under the curve (AUC) of 73.5%. Collectively, our results demonstrate that APP+1 and UBB+1 frameshift proteins, non-previously described as AD-specific autoantigens, elicit the production of autoantibodies which might be useful as blood-based biomarkers to aid in the detection of the disease.
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Abstract
Proteasomes are multienzyme complexes that maintain protein homeostasis (proteostasis) and important cellular functions through the degradation of misfolded, redundant, and damaged proteins. It is well established that aging is associated with the accumulation of damaged and misfolded proteins. This phenomenon is paralleled by declined proteasome activity. When the accumulation of redundant proteins exceed degradation, undesirable signaling and/or aggregation occurs and are the hallmarks of neurodegenerative diseases and many cancers. Thus, increasing proteasome activity has been recognized as a new approach to delay the onset or ameliorate the symptoms of neurodegenerative and other proteotoxic disorders. Enhancement of proteasome activity has many therapeutic potentials but is still a relatively unexplored field. In this perspective, we review current approaches, genetic manipulation, posttranslational modification, and small molecule proteasome agonists used to increase proteasome activity, challenges facing the field, and applications beyond aging and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evert Njomen
- Department of Chemistry, and Pharmacology & Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Jetze J. Tepe
- Department of Chemistry, and Pharmacology & Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
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Adamla F, Rollins J, Newsom M, Snow S, Schosserer M, Heissenberger C, Horrocks J, Rogers AN, Ignatova Z. A Novel Caenorhabditis Elegans Proteinopathy Model Shows Changes in mRNA Translational Frameshifting During Aging. Cell Physiol Biochem 2019; 52:970-983. [PMID: 30977983 DOI: 10.33594/000000067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Regulation of mRNA translation is central to protein homeostasis and is optimized for speed and accuracy. Spontaneous recoding events occur virtually at any codon but at very low frequency and are commonly assumed to increase as the cell ages. METHODS Here, we leveraged the polyglutamine(polyQ)-frameshifting model of huntingtin exon 1 with CAG repeat length in the pathological range (Htt51Q), which undergoes enhanced non-programmed translational -1 frameshifting. RESULTS In body muscle cells of Caenorhabditis elegans, -1 frameshifting occured at the onset of expression of the zero-frame product, correlated with mRNA level of the non-frameshifted expression and formed aggregates correlated with reduced motility in C. elegans. Spontaneous frameshifting was modulated by IFG-1, the homologue of the nutrient-responsive eukaryotic initiation factor 4G (eIF4G), under normal growth conditions and NSUN-5, a conserved ribosomal RNA methyltransferase, under osmotic stress. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that frameshifting and aggregation occur at even early stages of development and, because of their intrinsic stability, may persist and accelerate the onset of age-related proteinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frauke Adamla
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jarod Rollins
- MDI Biological Laboratory, Davis Center for Regenerative Biology and Medicine, Salisbury Cove, ME, USA
| | - Matthew Newsom
- MDI Biological Laboratory, Davis Center for Regenerative Biology and Medicine, Salisbury Cove, ME, USA
| | - Santina Snow
- MDI Biological Laboratory, Davis Center for Regenerative Biology and Medicine, Salisbury Cove, ME, USA
| | - Markus Schosserer
- Department of Biotechnology, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Clemens Heissenberger
- Department of Biotechnology, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jordan Horrocks
- MDI Biological Laboratory, Davis Center for Regenerative Biology and Medicine, Salisbury Cove, ME, USA
| | - Aric N Rogers
- MDI Biological Laboratory, Davis Center for Regenerative Biology and Medicine, Salisbury Cove, ME, USA,
| | - Zoya Ignatova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany,
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Wang Q, Wang C, Ji B, Zhou J, Yang C, Chen J. Hapln2 in Neurological Diseases and Its Potential as Therapeutic Target. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:60. [PMID: 30949044 PMCID: PMC6437066 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronan and proteoglycan link protein 2 (Hapln2) is important for the binding of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans to hyaluronan. Hapln2 deficiency leads to the abnormal expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and dysfunctional neuronal conductivity, demonstrating the vital role of Hapln2 in these processes. Studies have revealed that Hapln2 promotes the aggregation of α-synuclein, thereby contributing to neurodegeneration in Parkinson’s disease (PD), and it was recently suggested to be in intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Additionally, the expression levels of Hapln2 showed lower in the anterior temporal lobes of individuals with schizophrenia than those of healthy subjects. Together, these studies implicate the involvement of Hapln2 in the pathological processes of neurological diseases. A better understanding of the function of Hapln2 in the central nervous system (CNS) will provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms of these diseases and help to establish promising therapeutic strategies. Herein, we review the recent progress in defining the role of Hapln2 in brain physiology and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinqin Wang
- Neurobiology Key Laboratory, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Chunmei Wang
- Neurobiology Key Laboratory, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Bingyuan Ji
- Neurobiology Key Laboratory, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Jiawei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunqing Yang
- Neurobiology Key Laboratory, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Neurobiology Key Laboratory, Jining Medical University, Jining, China.,Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
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Gong Y, Wang K, Xiao SP, Mi P, Li W, Shang Y, Dou F. Overexpressed TTC3 Protein Tends to be Cleaved into Fragments and Form Aggregates in the Nucleus. Neuromolecular Med 2019; 21:85-96. [PMID: 30203323 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-018-8509-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Human tetratricopeptide repeat domain 3 (TTC3) is a gene on 21q22.2 within the Down syndrome critical region (DSCR). Earlier studies suggest that TTC3 may be an important regulator in individual development, especially in neural development. As an E3 ligase, TTC3 binds to phosphorylated Akt and silence its activity via proteasomal cascade. Several groups also reported the involvement of TTC3 in familial Alzheimer's disease recently. In addition, our previous work shows that TTC3 also regulates the degradation of DNA polymerase gamma and over-expressed TTC3 protein tends to form insoluble aggregates in cells. In this study, we focus on the solubility and intracellular localization of TTC3 protein. Over-expressed TTC3 tends to form insoluble aggregates over time. The proteasome inhibitor MG132 treatment resulted in more TTC3 aggregates in a short period of time. We fused the fluorescent protein to either terminus of the TTC3 protein and found that the intracellular localization of fluorescent signals are different between the N-terminal tagged and C-terminal tagged proteins. Western blotting revealed that the TTC3 protein is cleaved into fragments of different sizes at multiple sites. The N-terminal sub-fragments of TTC3 are prone to from nuclear aggregates and the TTC3 nuclear import is mediated by signals within the N-terminal 1 to 650 residues. Moreover, over-expressed TTC3 induced a considerable degree of cytotoxicity, and its N-terminal sub-fragments are more potent inhibitors of cell proliferation than full-length protein. Considering the prevalent proteostasis dysregulation in neurodegenerative diseases, these findings may relate to the pathology of such diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueqing Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Center for Collaboration and Innovation in Brain and Learning Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Center for Collaboration and Innovation in Brain and Learning Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Sheng-Ping Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Center for Collaboration and Innovation in Brain and Learning Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Panying Mi
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Center for Collaboration and Innovation in Brain and Learning Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Wanjie Li
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Shang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
- Center for Collaboration and Innovation in Brain and Learning Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
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Sebastián-Serrano Á, de Diego-García L, di Lauro C, Bianchi C, Díaz-Hernández M. Nucleotides regulate the common molecular mechanisms that underlie neurodegenerative diseases; Therapeutic implications. Brain Res Bull 2019; 151:84-91. [PMID: 30721769 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2019.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (ND) are a heterogeneous group of neurological disorders characterized by a progressive loss of neuronal function which results in neuronal death. Although a specific toxic factor has been identified for each ND, all of them share common pathological molecular mechanisms favouring the disease development. In the final stages of ND, patients become unable to take care of themselves and decline to a total functional incapacitation that leads to their death. Some of the main factors which contribute to the disease progression include proteasomal dysfunction, neuroinflammation, synaptic alterations, protein aggregation, and oxidative stress. Over recent years, evidence has been accumulated to suggest that purinergic signaling plays a key role in the aforementioned molecular pathways. In this review, we revise the implications of the purinergic signaling in the common molecular mechanism underlying the ND. In particular, we focus on the role of the purinergic receptors P2X7, P2Y2 and the ectoenzyme tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Sebastián-Serrano
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Veterinary School, Complutense University of Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro S/N, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos, IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura de Diego-García
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Veterinary School, Complutense University of Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro S/N, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos, IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Caterina di Lauro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Veterinary School, Complutense University of Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro S/N, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos, IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina Bianchi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Veterinary School, Complutense University of Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro S/N, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos, IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Díaz-Hernández
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Veterinary School, Complutense University of Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro S/N, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos, IdISSC, Madrid, Spain.
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Alblooshi H, Al Safar H, Fisher HF, Cordell HJ, El Kashef A, Al Ghaferi H, Shawky M, Reece S, Hulse GK, Tay GK. A case-control genome wide association study of substance use disorder (SUD) identifies novel variants on chromosome 7p14.1 in patients from the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2019; 180:68-79. [PMID: 30556296 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Genome wide association studies (GWASs) have provided insights into the molecular basis of the disorder in different population. This study presents the first GWAS of substance use disorder (SUD) in patients from the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The aim was to identify genetic association(s) that may provide insights into the molecular basis of the disorder. The GWAS discovery cohort consisted of 512 (250 cases and 262 controls) male participants from the UAE. Controls with no prior history of SUD were available from the Emirates family registry. The replication cohort consisted of 520 (415 cases and 105 controls) Australian male Caucasian participants. The GWAS discovery samples were genotyped for 4.6 million single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). The replication cohort was genotyped using TaqMan assay. The GWAS association analysis identified three potential SNPs rs118129027 (p-value = 6.24 × 10-8 ), rs74477937 (p-value = 8.56 × 10-8 ) and rs78707086 (p-value = 8.55 × 10-8 ) on ch7p14.1, that did not meet the GWAS significance threshold but were highly suggestive. In the replication cohort, the association of the three top SNPs did not reach statistical significance. In a meta-analysis of the discovery and the replication cohorts, there were no strengthen evidence for association of the three SNPs. The top identified rs118129027 overlaps with a regulatory factor (enhancer) region that targets three neighboring genes LOC105375237, LOC105375240, and YAE1D1. The YAE1D1, which represents a potential locus that is involved in regulating translation initiation pathway. Novel associations that require further confirmation were identified, suggesting a new insight to the genetic basis of SUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiba Alblooshi
- School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Human Science, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Habiba Al Safar
- Center of Biotechnology, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Holly F Fisher
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Heather J Cordell
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Ahmed El Kashef
- National Rehabilitation Center, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Mansour Shawky
- National Rehabilitation Center, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Stuart Reece
- School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Gary K Hulse
- School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Medical Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Guan K Tay
- School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.,Center of Biotechnology, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.,School of Medical Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
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Castillo-Morales A, Monzón-Sandoval J, Urrutia AO, Gutiérrez H. Postmitotic cell longevity-associated genes: a transcriptional signature of postmitotic maintenance in neural tissues. Neurobiol Aging 2018; 74:147-160. [PMID: 30448614 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Different cell types have different postmitotic maintenance requirements. Nerve cells, however, are unique in this respect as they need to survive and preserve their functional complexity for the entire lifetime of the organism, and failure at any level of their supporting mechanisms leads to a wide range of neurodegenerative conditions. Whether these differences across tissues arise from the activation of distinct cell type-specific maintenance mechanisms or the differential activation of a common molecular repertoire is not known. To identify the transcriptional signature of postmitotic cellular longevity (PMCL), we compared whole-genome transcriptome data from human tissues ranging in longevity from 120 days to over 70 years and found a set of 81 genes whose expression levels are closely associated with increased cell longevity. Using expression data from 10 independent sources, we found that these genes are more highly coexpressed in longer-living tissues and are enriched in specific biological processes and transcription factor targets compared with randomly selected gene samples. Crucially, we found that PMCL-associated genes are downregulated in the cerebral cortex and substantia nigra of patients with Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, respectively, as well as Hutchinson-Gilford progeria-derived fibroblasts, and that this downregulation is specifically linked to their underlying association with cellular longevity. Moreover, we found that sexually dimorphic brain expression of PMCL-associated genes reflects sexual differences in lifespan in humans and macaques. Taken together, our results suggest that PMCL-associated genes are part of a generalized machinery of postmitotic maintenance and functional stability in both neural and non-neural cells and support the notion of a common molecular repertoire differentially engaged in different cell types with different survival requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atahualpa Castillo-Morales
- School of Life Sciences, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, UK; Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Jimena Monzón-Sandoval
- School of Life Sciences, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, UK; Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Araxi O Urrutia
- Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, UK; Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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Cheng J, North BJ, Zhang T, Dai X, Tao K, Guo J, Wei W. The emerging roles of protein homeostasis-governing pathways in Alzheimer's disease. Aging Cell 2018; 17:e12801. [PMID: 29992725 PMCID: PMC6156496 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathways governing protein homeostasis are involved in maintaining the structural, quantitative, and functional stability of intracellular proteins and involve the ubiquitin-proteasome system, autophagy, endoplasmic reticulum, and mTOR pathway. Due to the broad physiological implications of protein homeostasis pathways, dysregulation of proteostasis is often involved in the development of multiple pathological conditions, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Similar to other neurodegenerative diseases that feature pathogenic accumulation of misfolded proteins, Alzheimer's disease is characterized by two pathological hallmarks, amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and tau aggregates. Knockout or transgenic overexpression of various proteostatic components in mice results in AD-like phenotypes. While both Aβ plaques and tau aggregates could in turn enhance the dysfunction of these proteostatic pathways, eventually leading to apoptotic or necrotic neuronal death and pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Therefore, targeting the components of proteostasis pathways may be a promising therapeutic strategy against Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Cheng
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
- Department of PathologyBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusetts
| | - Brian J. North
- Department of PathologyBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusetts
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of PathologyBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusetts
| | - Xiangpeng Dai
- Department of PathologyBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusetts
| | - Kaixiong Tao
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Jianping Guo
- Department of PathologyBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusetts
| | - Wenyi Wei
- Department of PathologyBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusetts
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Smith DM. Could a Common Mechanism of Protein Degradation Impairment Underlie Many Neurodegenerative Diseases? J Exp Neurosci 2018; 12:1179069518794675. [PMID: 30147359 PMCID: PMC6102758 DOI: 10.1177/1179069518794675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
At the cellular level, many neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), often considered proteinopathies, are characterized by the accumulation of misfolded and damaged proteins into large insoluble aggregates. Prominent species that accumulate early and play fundamental roles in disease pathogenesis are amyloid β (Aβ) and tau in Alzheimer disease, α-synuclein (α-syn) in Parkinson disease, and polyQ-expanded huntingtin (Htt) in Huntington disease. Although significant efforts have focused on how the cell deals with these protein aggregates, why is it that these misfolded proteins are not degraded normally in the first place? A vast body of literature supports the notion that the cell's protein degradation system for individual proteins-the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS)-does not function sufficiently in many NDs. The proteasome itself has received significant focus for years due to its obvious failure to degrade misfolded proteins in ND, but no general mechanism has been uncovered. We have recently found that specific pathologically relevant oligomers can potently and directly inhibit the proteasome. What is most interesting is that the misfolded protein's primary amino acid sequence was irrelevant to its ability to inhibit. Instead, the culprit is the 3-dimensional shape of the misfolded oligomers. It turns out that many misfolded proteins in ND can take on this proteasome-impairing shape suggesting that there could be a common mechanism for UPS impairment in many NDs. The proteasome is already an important target for treating cancer, could it also be targeted to broadly treat ND?
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Smith
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
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36
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Muñoz-Arellano AJ, Chen X, Molt A, Meza E, Petranovic D. Different Expression Levels of Human Mutant Ubiquitin B +1 (UBB +1) Can Modify Chronological Lifespan or Stress Resistance of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:200. [PMID: 29950972 PMCID: PMC6008557 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is the main pathway responsible for the degradation of misfolded proteins, and its dysregulation has been implicated in several neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). UBB+1, a mutant variant of ubiquitin B, was found to accumulate in neurons of AD patients and it has been linked to UPS dysfunction and neuronal death. Using the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model system, we constitutively expressed UBB+1 to evaluate its effects on proteasome function and cell death, particularly under conditions of chronological aging. We showed that the expression of UBB+1 caused inhibition of the three proteasomal proteolytic activities (caspase-like (β1), trypsin-like (β2) and chymotrypsin-like (β5) activities) in yeast. Interestingly, this inhibition did not alter cell viability of growing cells. Moreover, we showed that cells expressing UBB+1 at lower level displayed an increased capacity to degrade induced misfolded proteins. When we evaluated cells during chronological aging, UBB+1 expression at lower level, prevented cells to accumulate reactive oxygen species (ROS) and avert apoptosis, dramatically increasing yeast life span. Since proteasome inhibition by UBB+1 has previously been shown to induce chaperone expression and thus protect against stress, we evaluated our UBB+1 model under heat shock and oxidative stress. Higher expression of UBB+1 caused thermotolerance in yeast due to induction of chaperones, which occurred to a lesser extent at lower expression level of UBB+1 (where we observed the phenotype of extended life span). Altering UPS capacity by differential expression of UBB+1 protects cells against several stresses during chronological aging. This system can be valuable to study the effects of UBB+1 on misfolded proteins involved in neurodegeneration and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Joyce Muñoz-Arellano
- Division of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Xin Chen
- Division of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Andrea Molt
- Division of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eugenio Meza
- Division of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Dina Petranovic
- Division of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
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37
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Verheijen BM, Oyanagi K, van Leeuwen FW. Dysfunction of Protein Quality Control in Parkinsonism-Dementia Complex of Guam. Front Neurol 2018; 9:173. [PMID: 29615966 PMCID: PMC5869191 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Guam parkinsonism–dementia complex (G-PDC) is an enigmatic neurodegenerative disease that is endemic to the Pacific island of Guam. G-PDC patients are clinically characterized by progressive cognitive impairment and parkinsonism. Neuropathologically, G-PDC is characterized by abundant neurofibrillary tangles, which are composed of hyperphosphorylated tau, marked deposition of 43-kDa TAR DNA-binding protein, and neuronal loss. Although both genetic and environmental factors have been implicated, the etiology and pathogenesis of G-PDC remain unknown. Recent neuropathological studies have provided new clues about the pathomechanisms involved in G-PDC. For example, deposition of abnormal components of the protein quality control system in brains of G-PDC patients indicates a role for proteostasis imbalance in the disease. This opens up promising avenues for new research on G-PDC and could have important implications for the study of other neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bert M Verheijen
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Kiyomitsu Oyanagi
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Brain Disease Research, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan.,Brain Research Laboratory, Hatsuishi Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Fred W van Leeuwen
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
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38
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Current Concepts of Neurodegenerative Mechanisms in Alzheimer's Disease. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:3740461. [PMID: 29707568 PMCID: PMC5863339 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3740461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are hereditary or sporadic conditions that result in the progressive loss of the structure and function of neurons as well as neuronal death. Although a range of diseases lie under this umbrella term, Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are the most common neurodegenerative diseases that affect a large population around the globe. Alzheimer's disease is characterized by the abnormal accumulation of extracellular amyloid-β plaques and intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangles in brain regions and manifests as a type of dementia in aged individuals that results in memory loss, multiple cognitive abnormalities, and intellectual disabilities that interfere with quality of life. Since the discovery of AD, a wealth of new information has emerged that delineates the causes, mechanisms of disease, and potential therapeutic agents, but an effective remedy to cure the diseases has not been identified yet. This could be because of the complexity of the disease process, as it involves various contributing factors that include environmental factors and genetic predispositions. This review summarizes the current understanding on neurodegenerative mechanisms that lead to the emergence of the pathology of AD.
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Otero MG, Bessone IF, Hallberg AE, Cromberg LE, De Rossi MC, Saez TM, Levi V, Almenar-Queralt A, Falzone TL. Proteasome stress leads to APP axonal transport defects by promoting its amyloidogenic processing in lysosomes. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs.214536. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.214536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer Disease (AD) pathology includes the accumulation of poly-ubiquitinated proteins and failures in proteasome-dependent degradation. Whereas the distribution of proteasomes and its role in synaptic function have been studied, whether proteasome activity regulates the axonal transport and metabolism of the amyloid precursor protein (APP), remains elusive. Using live imaging in primary hippocampal neurons, we showed that proteasome inhibition rapidly and severely impairs the axonal transport of APP. Fluorescent cross-correlation analyses and membrane internalization blockage showed that plasma membrane APP do not contribute to transport defects. Moreover, by western blots and double-color APP imaging we demonstrated that proteasome inhibition precludes APP axonal transport by enhancing its endo-lysosomal delivery where β-cleavage is induced. Together, we found that proteasomes controls the distal transport of APP and can re-distribute Golgi-derived vesicles to the endo-lysosomal pathway. This crosstalk between proteasomes and lysosomes regulates APP intracellular dynamics, and defects in proteasome activity can be considered a contributing factor that lead to abnormal APP metabolism in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Gabriela Otero
- Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencias, IBCN (CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Paraguay 2155, Buenos Aires, CP1121, Argentina
| | - Ivan Fernandez Bessone
- Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencias, IBCN (CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Paraguay 2155, Buenos Aires, CP1121, Argentina
| | - Alan Earle Hallberg
- Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencias, IBCN (CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Paraguay 2155, Buenos Aires, CP1121, Argentina
| | - Lucas Eneas Cromberg
- Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencias, IBCN (CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Paraguay 2155, Buenos Aires, CP1121, Argentina
| | - María Cecilia De Rossi
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica-IQUIBICEN UBA-CONICET, CP1428EGA, Argentina
| | - Trinidad M. Saez
- Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencias, IBCN (CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Paraguay 2155, Buenos Aires, CP1121, Argentina
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, IBYME (CONICET). Vuelta de obligado 2490, Buenos Aires, CP 1428, Argentina
| | - Valeria Levi
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica-IQUIBICEN UBA-CONICET, CP1428EGA, Argentina
| | - Angels Almenar-Queralt
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Tomás Luis Falzone
- Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencias, IBCN (CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Paraguay 2155, Buenos Aires, CP1121, Argentina
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, IBYME (CONICET). Vuelta de obligado 2490, Buenos Aires, CP 1428, Argentina
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40
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Munari F, Bortot A, Assfalg M, D'Onofrio M. Alzheimer's disease-associated ubiquitin mutant Ubb +1: Properties of the carboxy-terminal domain and its influence on biomolecular interactions. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 108:24-31. [PMID: 29175520 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.11.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Ubb+1, a ubiquitin (Ub) mutant protein originating from misreading of the Ub B gene, is found accumulated in brain tissues of Alzheimer's disease patients. The mutant attracts strong interest due to its possible participation in the molecular events leading to neurodegeneration. Ubb+1 is composed of the globular domain of Ub, linked to a 19-residue C-terminal peptide. Based on NMR relaxation and solvent accessibility measurements we obtained new insight into the molecular properties of Ubb+1. We further determined the thermal stability of Ubb+1 in the monomeric form, and in Lys48- and Lys63-linked dimers. Finally, we explored the influence of the C-terminal fragment on the interactions of Ubb+1 with an isolated UBA2 domain and with membrane mimics. Our data indicate that the C-terminal fragment of Ubb+1 is overall highly flexible, except for a short stretch which appears less solvent-exposed. While influencing the hydrodynamic properties of the globular domain, the fragment does not establish long-lived interactions with the globular domain. It results that the structure and stability of Ub are minimally perturbed by the peptide extension. However, binding to UBA2 and to membrane mimics are both affected, exemplifying possible changes in biomolecular recognition experienced by the disease-associated Ubb+1 compared to the wild-type protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Munari
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Andrea Bortot
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Michael Assfalg
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
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41
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Lee S, Tumolo JM, Ehlinger AC, Jernigan KK, Qualls-Histed SJ, Hsu PC, McDonald WH, Chazin WJ, MacGurn JA. Ubiquitin turnover and endocytic trafficking in yeast are regulated by Ser57 phosphorylation of ubiquitin. eLife 2017; 6:29176. [PMID: 29130884 PMCID: PMC5706963 DOI: 10.7554/elife.29176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite its central role in protein degradation little is known about the molecular mechanisms that sense, maintain, and regulate steady state concentration of ubiquitin in the cell. Here, we describe a novel mechanism for regulation of ubiquitin homeostasis that is mediated by phosphorylation of ubiquitin at the Ser57 position. We find that loss of Ppz phosphatase activity leads to defects in ubiquitin homeostasis that are at least partially attributable to elevated levels of Ser57 phosphorylated ubiquitin. Phosphomimetic mutation at the Ser57 position of ubiquitin conferred increased rates of endocytic trafficking and ubiquitin turnover. These phenotypes are associated with bypass of recognition by endosome-localized deubiquitylases - including Doa4 which is critical for regulation of ubiquitin recycling. Thus, ubiquitin homeostasis is significantly impacted by the rate of ubiquitin flux through the endocytic pathway and by signaling pathways that converge on ubiquitin itself to determine whether it is recycled or degraded in the vacuole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sora Lee
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, United States
| | - Jessica M Tumolo
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, United States
| | - Aaron C Ehlinger
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, United States
| | - Kristin K Jernigan
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, United States
| | - Susan J Qualls-Histed
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, United States
| | - Pi-Chiang Hsu
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States
| | - W Hayes McDonald
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, United States.,Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, United States
| | - Walter J Chazin
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, United States
| | - Jason A MacGurn
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, United States
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42
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Alibhai J, Diack A, Manson J. Disease-associated protein seeding suggests a dissociation between misfolded protein accumulation and neurodegeneration in prion disease. Prion 2017; 11:381-387. [PMID: 29023184 PMCID: PMC5786362 DOI: 10.1080/19336896.2017.1378289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic neurodegenerative diseases, such as prion diseases or Alzheimer's disease, are associated with progressive accumulation of host proteins which misfold and aggregate. Neurodegeneration is restricted to specific neuronal populations which show clear accumulation of misfolded proteins, whilst neighbouring neurons remain unaffected. Such data raise interesting questions about the vulnerability of specific neuronal populations to neurodegeneration and much research has concentrated only on the mechanisms of neurodegeneration in afflicted neuronal populations. An alternative, undervalued and almost completely unstudied question however is how and why neuronal populations are resilient to neurodegeneration. One potential answer is unaffected regions do not accumulate misfolded proteins, thus mechanisms of neurodegeneration do not become activated. In this perspectives, we discuss novel data from our laboratories which demonstrate that misfolded proteins do accumulate in regions of the brain which do not show evidence of neurodegeneration and further evidence that microglial responses may define the severity of neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Alibhai
- The National CJD Research and Surveillance Unit, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Abigail Diack
- Neurobiology Division, The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, UK
| | - Jean Manson
- Neurobiology Division, The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, UK,Correspondence to: Jean Manson; The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, UK, EH25 9RG;
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Gene-wide Association Study Reveals RNF122 Ubiquitin Ligase as a Novel Susceptibility Gene for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5407. [PMID: 28710364 PMCID: PMC5511183 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05514-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common childhood-onset neurodevelopmental condition characterized by pervasive impairment of attention, hyperactivity, and/or impulsivity that can persist into adulthood. The aetiology of ADHD is complex and multifactorial and, despite the wealth of evidence for its high heritability, genetic studies have provided modest evidence for the involvement of specific genes and have failed to identify consistent and replicable results. Due to the lack of robust findings, we performed gene-wide and pathway enrichment analyses using pre-existing GWAS data from 607 persistent ADHD subjects and 584 controls, produced by our group. Subsequently, expression profiles of genes surpassing a follow-up threshold of P-value < 1e-03 in the gene-wide analyses were tested in peripheral blood mononucleated cells (PBMCs) of 45 medication-naive adults with ADHD and 39 healthy unrelated controls. We found preliminary evidence for genetic association between RNF122 and ADHD and for its overexpression in adults with ADHD. RNF122 encodes for an E3 ubiquitin ligase involved in the proteasome-mediated processing, trafficking, and degradation of proteins that acts as an essential mediator of the substrate specificity of ubiquitin ligation. Thus, our findings support previous data that place the ubiquitin-proteasome system as a promising candidate for its involvement in the aetiology of ADHD.
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Snigirevskaya ES, Komissarchik YY. Ultrastructural analysis of human leukemia U-937 cells after apoptosis induction: Localization of proteasomes and perichromatin fibers. Acta Histochem 2017; 119:471-480. [PMID: 28545761 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2017.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We studied the ultrastructure of human histiocytic lymphoma U-937cells after apoptosis induction with two external agents, hypertonic shock and etoposide. Appearance of aggregates of particles of nuclear origin within the nuclei and cytoplasm of the induced cells was the first and the most prominent morphological sign of apoptosis. These aggregates were not coated by a membrane, had variable shape, density and size. Two types of particles dominated in the aggregates: perichromatin fibers (PFs) and proteasomes (PRs). PFs represent a morphological expression of transcriptional and co-transcriptional processing of pre-mRNA (Biggiogera et al., 2008), PRs are involved in hydrolysis of proteins and nucleoproteins, and participate in regulation of apoptosis (Ciechanover, 1998; Liu et al., 2007). We examined the ultrastructure and localization of PFs and PRs, and confirmed the proteasome nature of the latter by immunoelectron microscopy. We traced the formation and migration of the aggregates along the nucleus and their exit into the cytoplasm across the nuclear pores. Finally, we demonstrated degradation of the aggregates and relocating their content into exosomes at the terminal stages of apoptosis with aid of exosomes. We suggest that proteasomes function as morphologically definite and independent intracellular organelles. Alongside with proteasomes, autophagic vacuoles were revealed in apoptotic cells. Occurrence of autophagic vacuoles in apoptotic cells may suggest that both proteolytic pathways, autophagy and proteasome degradation, are coordinated with each other along the programmed cell death pathway.
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Tau interactome mapping based identification of Otub1 as Tau deubiquitinase involved in accumulation of pathological Tau forms in vitro and in vivo. Acta Neuropathol 2017; 133:731-749. [PMID: 28083634 PMCID: PMC5390007 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-016-1663-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulated proteostasis is a key feature of a variety of neurodegenerative disorders. In Alzheimer’s disease (AD), progression of symptoms closely correlates with spatiotemporal progression of Tau aggregation, with “early” oligomeric Tau forms rather than mature neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) considered to be pathogenetic culprits. The ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS) controls degradation of soluble normal and abnormally folded cytosolic proteins. The UPS is affected in AD and is identified by genomewide association study (GWAS) as a risk pathway for AD. The UPS is determined by balanced regulation of ubiquitination and deubiquitination. In this work, we performed isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)-based Tau interactome mapping to gain unbiased insight into Tau pathophysiology and to identify novel Tau-directed therapeutic targets. Focusing on Tau deubiquitination, we here identify Otub1 as a Tau-deubiquitinating enzyme. Otub1 directly affected Lys48-linked Tau deubiquitination, impairing Tau degradation, dependent on its catalytically active cysteine, but independent of its noncanonical pathway modulated by its N-terminal domain in primary neurons. Otub1 strongly increased AT8-positive Tau and oligomeric Tau forms and increased Tau-seeded Tau aggregation in primary neurons. Finally, we demonstrated that expression of Otub1 but not its catalytically inactive form induced pathological Tau forms after 2 months in Tau transgenic mice in vivo, including AT8-positive Tau and oligomeric Tau forms. Taken together, we here identified Otub1 as a Tau deubiquitinase in vitro and in vivo, involved in formation of pathological Tau forms, including small soluble oligomeric forms. Otub1 and particularly Otub1 inhibitors, currently under development for cancer therapies, may therefore yield interesting novel therapeutic avenues for Tauopathies and AD.
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46
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Demirel ÖF, Cetin İ, Turan Ş, Sağlam T, Yıldız N, Duran A. Decreased Expression of α-Synuclein, Nogo-A and UCH-L1 in Patients with Schizophrenia: A Preliminary Serum Study. Psychiatry Investig 2017; 14:344-349. [PMID: 28539953 PMCID: PMC5440437 DOI: 10.4306/pi.2017.14.3.344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE α-synuclein, Nogo-A and Ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCH-L1) have neuromodulatory roles for human brain. Therefore, abnormalities of these molecules are associated with neuropsychiatric disorders. Although some serum studies in the other disorders have been made, serum study of α-synuclein, Nogo-A and UCH-L1 is not present in patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls. Therefore, our aim was to compare serum levels of α-synuclein, Nogo-A and UCH-L1 of the patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls. METHODS Forty-four patients with schizophrenia who is followed by psychotic disorders unit, and 40 healthy control were included in this study. Socio-demographic form and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) was applied to patients, and sociodemographic form was applied to control group. Fasting bloods were collected and the serum levels of α-synuclein, Nogo-A and UCH-L1 were measured by ELISA method. RESULTS Serum α-synuclein [patient: 12.73 (5.18-31.84) ng/mL; control: 41.77 (15.12-66.98) ng/mL], Nogo-A [patient: 33.58 (3.09-77.26) ng/mL; control: 286.05 (136.56-346.82) ng/mL] and UCH-L1 [patient: 5.26 (1.64-10.87) ng/mL; control: 20.48 (11.01-20.81) ng/mL] levels of the patients with schizophrenia were significianly lower than healthy controls (p<0.001). CONCLUSION Our study results added new evidence for explaining the etiopathogenesis of schizophrenia on the basis of neurochemical markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ömer Faruk Demirel
- Department of Psychiatry, Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - İhsan Cetin
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Health High School, Batman University, Batman, Turkey
| | - Şenol Turan
- Department of Psychiatry, Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tarık Sağlam
- Department of Psychiatry, Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nazım Yıldız
- Department of Psychiatry, Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Alaattin Duran
- Department of Psychiatry, Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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47
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Graham SH, Liu H. Life and death in the trash heap: The ubiquitin proteasome pathway and UCHL1 in brain aging, neurodegenerative disease and cerebral Ischemia. Ageing Res Rev 2017; 34:30-38. [PMID: 27702698 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2016.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquitin proteasome pathway (UPP) is essential for removing abnormal proteins and preventing accumulation of potentially toxic proteins within the neuron. UPP dysfunction occurs with normal aging and is associated with abnormal accumulation of protein aggregates within neurons in neurodegenerative diseases. Ischemia disrupts UPP function and thus may contribute to UPP dysfunction seen in the aging brain and in neurodegenerative diseases. Ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCHL1), an important component of the UPP in the neuron, is covalently modified and its activity inhibited by reactive lipids produced after ischemia. As a result, degradation of toxic proteins is impaired which may exacerbate neuronal function and cell death in stroke and neurodegenerative diseases. Preserving or restoring UCHL1 activity may be an effective therapeutic strategy in stroke and neurodegenerative diseases.
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48
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Bonet-Costa V, Pomatto LCD, Davies KJA. The Proteasome and Oxidative Stress in Alzheimer's Disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2016; 25:886-901. [PMID: 27392670 PMCID: PMC5124752 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2016.6802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder that is projected to exceed more than 100 million cases worldwide by 2050. Aging is considered the primary risk factor for some 90% of Alzheimer's cases but a significant 10% of patients suffer from aggressive, early-onset forms of the disease. There is currently no effective Alzheimer's treatment and this, coupled with a growing aging population, highlights the necessity to understand the mechanism(s) of disease initiation and propagation. A major hallmark of Alzheimer's disease pathology is the accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) aggregates (an early marker of Alzheimer's disease), and neurofibrillary tangles, comprising the hyper-phosphorylated microtubule-associated protein Tau. Recent Advances: Protein oxidation is frequently invoked as a potential factor in the progression of Alzheimer's disease; however, whether it is a cause or a consequence of the pathology is still being debated. The Proteasome complex is a major regulator of intracellular protein quality control and an essential proteolytic enzyme for the processing of both Aβ and Tau. Recent studies have indicated that both protein oxidation and excessive phosphorylation may limit Proteasomal processing of Aβ and Tau in Alzheimer's disease. CRITICAL ISSUES Thus, the Proteasome may be a key factor in understanding the development of Alzheimer's disease pathology; however, its significance is still very much under investigation. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Discovering how the proteasome is affected, regulated, or dysregulated in Alzheimer's disease could be a valuable tool in the efforts to understand and, ultimately, eradicate the disease. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 25, 886-901.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicent Bonet-Costa
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, The Division of Molecular and Computational Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, The University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California
| | - Laura Corrales-Diaz Pomatto
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, The Division of Molecular and Computational Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, The University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California
| | - Kelvin J A Davies
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, The Division of Molecular and Computational Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, The University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California
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Chaves RS, Kazi AI, Silva CM, Almeida MF, Lima RS, Carrettiero DC, Demasi M, Ferrari MFR. Presence of insoluble Tau following rotenone exposure ameliorates basic pathways associated with neurodegeneration. IBRO Rep 2016; 1:32-45. [PMID: 30135926 PMCID: PMC6084878 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibror.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein aggregation is an important feature of neurodegenerative disorders. In Alzheimer's disease (AD) protein aggregates are composed of hyperphosphorylated Tau and amyloid beta peptide (Aβ). Despite the involvement and identification of the molecular composition of these aggregates, their role in AD pathophysiology is not fully understood. However, depositions of these insoluble aggregates are typically reported as pathogenic and toxic for cell homeostasis. New evidences suggest that the deposition of these aggregates is a protective mechanism that preserves cell from toxic insults associated with the early stages of neurodegenerative diseases. To better understand the biological role of the protein aggregation with regard its effects in cellular homeostasis, the present study investigated the role of insoluble Tau and Tau aggregates on crucial cellular parameters such as redox homeostasis, proteasome activity and autophagy in hippocampal cell cultures and hippocampus of aged Lewis rats using a rotenone-induced aggregation model. Neurons were exposed to rotenone in different concentrations and exposure times aiming to determine the interval required for Tau aggregation. Our experimental design allowed us to demonstrate that rotenone exposure induces Tau hyperphosphorylation and aggregation in a concentration and time-dependent manner. Oxidative stress triggered by rotenone exposure was observed with the absence of Tau aggregates and was reduced or absent when Tau aggregates were present. This reduction of oxidative stress along with the presence of insoluble Tau was independent of alterations in antioxidant enzymes activities or cell death. In addition, rotenone induced oxidative stress was mainly associated with decrease in proteasome activity and autophagy flux. Conversely, when insoluble Tau appeared, autophagy turns to be overactivated while proteasome activity remained low. Our studies significantly advance the understanding that Tau aggregation might exert protective cellular effects, at least briefly, when neurons are facing neurodegeneration stimulus. We believe that our data add more complexity for the understanding of protein aggregation role in AD etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo S Chaves
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology - Institute for Biosciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Amajad I Kazi
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology - Institute for Biosciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Carolliny M Silva
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology - Institute for Biosciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Michael F Almeida
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology - Institute for Biosciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Raquel S Lima
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology - Institute for Biosciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Marilene Demasi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biophysics - Butantan Institute, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Merari F R Ferrari
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology - Institute for Biosciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Chen X, Petranovic D. Role of frameshift ubiquitin B protein in Alzheimer's disease. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-SYSTEMS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2016; 8:300-13. [DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering; Chalmers University of Technology; Göteborg Sweden
| | - Dina Petranovic
- Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering; Chalmers University of Technology; Göteborg Sweden
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability; Chalmers University of Technology; Göteborg Sweden
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