1
|
Sevilla A, Grichnik J. Therapeutic modulation of KIT ligand in melanocytic disorders with implications for mast cell diseases. Exp Dermatol 2024; 33:e15091. [PMID: 38711220 DOI: 10.1111/exd.15091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
KIT ligand and its associated receptor KIT serve as a master regulatory system for both melanocytes and mast cells controlling survival, migration, proliferation and activation. Blockade of this pathway results in cell depletion, while overactivation leads to mastocytosis or melanoma. Expression defects are associated with pigmentary and mast cell disorders. KIT ligand regulation is complex but efficient targeting of this system would be of significant benefit to those suffering from melanocytic or mast cell disorders. Herein, we review the known associations of this pathway with cutaneous diseases and the regulators of this system both in skin and in the more well-studied germ cell system. Exogenous agents modulating this pathway will also be presented. Ultimately, we will review potential therapeutic opportunities to help our patients with melanocytic and mast cell disease processes potentially including vitiligo, hair greying, melasma, urticaria, mastocytosis and melanoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alec Sevilla
- Department of Dermatology, New York Medical College, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Lakeland Regional Health, Lakeland, Florida, USA
| | - James Grichnik
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
- Department of Cutaneous Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cui YZ, Xu F, Zhou Y, Wang ZY, Yang XY, Fu NC, Chen XB, Zheng YX, Chen XY, Ye LR, Li YY, Man XY. SPRY1 Deficiency in Keratinocytes Induces Follicular Melanocyte Stem Cell Migration to the Epidermis through p53/Stem Cell Factor/C-KIT Signaling. J Invest Dermatol 2024:S0022-202X(24)00178-7. [PMID: 38462125 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2024.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
The function and survival of melanocytes is regulated by an elaborate network of paracrine factors synthesized mainly by epidermal keratinocytes (KCs). KCs and melanocytes respond to UV exposure by eliciting a tanning response. However, how KCs and melanocytes interact in the absence of UV exposure is unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that after SPRY1 knockout in epidermal KCs, melanocyte stem cells in the hair follicle exit the niche without depleting the pool of these cells. We also found that melanocyte stem cells migrate to the epidermis in a p53/stem cell factor/C-KIT-dependent manner induced by a tanning-like response resulting from SPRY1 loss in epidermal KCs. Once there, these cells differentiate into functional melanocytes. These findings provide an example in which the migration of melanocyte stem cells to the epidermis is due to loss of SPRY1 in epidermal KCs and show the potential for developing therapies for skin pigmentation disorders by manipulating melanocyte stem cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Zhe Cui
- Department of Dermatology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fan Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhao-Yuan Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xing-Yu Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ni-Chang Fu
- Department of Dermatology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xi-Bei Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Xin Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xue-Yan Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li-Ran Ye
- Department of Dermatology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying-Ying Li
- Department of Dermatology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Yong Man
- Department of Dermatology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang R, Hao J, Yu H, Wang ZJ, Lan F, Peng Y, Qiu Y. circ_SIRT1 upregulates ATG12 to facilitate Imatinib resistance in CML through interacting with EIF4A3. Gene 2024; 893:147917. [PMID: 37866664 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Imatinib is the current gold standard for patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). However, the primary and acquired drug resistance seriously limits the efficacy. To identify novel therapeutic target in Imatinib-resistant CML is of crucial clinical significance. CircRNAs have been demonstrated the essential regulatory roles in the progression and drug resistance of cancers. In this study, we identified a novel circRNA (circ_SIRT1), derived from the SIRT1, which is up-regulated in CML. The high expression of circ_SIRT1 is correlated with drug resistance in CML. Knockdown of circ_SIRT1 regulated K562/R cells viability, invasion and apoptosis. Besides, the inhibition of circ_SIRT1 attenuated autophagy level and reduced IC50 to Imatinib of K562/R cells. Mechanistically, circ_SIRT1 directly binds to the transcription factor Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor 4A3(EIF4A3) and regulated EIF4A3-mediated transcription of Autophagy Related 12 (ATG12), thereby affecting Imatinib resistance and autophagy level. Overexpression of ATG12 reversed the regulative effects induced by knockdown of circ_SIRT1. Taken together, our findings revealed circ_SIRT1 acted as a potential tumor regulator in CML and unveiled the underlying mechanism on regulating Imatinib resistance. circ_SIRT1 may serve as a novel therapeutic target and provide crucial clinical implications for Imatinib-resistant CML treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rong Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Jinjin Hao
- Department of Pediatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Hui Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Zhong-Jian Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Fengli Lan
- Department of Pediatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yu Peng
- Department of Pediatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yining Qiu
- Department of Pediatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu M, Lan Y, Zhang H, Wu M, Zhang X, Leng L, Zheng H, Li J. Analysing the causal relationship between potentially protective and risk factors and cutaneous melanoma: A Mendelian randomization study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2024; 38:102-111. [PMID: 37712456 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.19484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous observational studies reported altered melanoma risks in relation to many potential factors, such as coffee intake, smoking habits and photodamage-related conditions. Considering the susceptibility of epidemiological studies to residual confounders, there remains uncertainty about the actual causal roles of these reported factors in melanoma aetiology. OBJECTIVES This study aims to investigate the causal association between cutaneous melanoma (CM) and previously reported factors: coffee intake, alcohol consumption, lifetime smoking, socioeconomic status (SES), ease of skin tanning, childhood sunburn and facial ageing, providing insight into its underlying aetiology and preventative strategies. METHODS We utilized a two-sample MR analysis on data from the largest meta-analysis summary statistics of confirmed cutaneous melanoma including 30,134 patients. Genetic instrumental variables were constructed by identifying single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that associate with corresponding factors. Inverse variance weighted (IVW) was the primary MR method. For sensitivity and heterogeneity, MR Egger, weighted median, simple mode, weighted mode and MR Egger intercept tests were examined. RESULTS Cutaneous melanoma risks were found to be elevated in association with a predisposition towards ease of skin tanning (IVW: OR = 2.842, 95% CI 2.468-3.274, p < 0.001) and with childhood sunburn history (IVW: OR = 6.317, 95% CI 4.479-8.909, p < 0.001). Repeated MR after removing potential confounders and outliers demonstrated resolved horizontal pleiotropy and statistically significant results that closely mirrored the initial findings. Other potential factors, such as coffee intake, alcohol consumption, smoking and socioeconomic status (SES), indicated insignificant effects on melanoma risk in the analysis, and therefore, our Mendelian randomization study does not support their roles in modifying melanoma risks. CONCLUSIONS Our extensive MR analysis provides strong evidence of the causative role of ease of skin tanning and childhood sunburn history in elevating melanoma risk. Curtailing ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure may be the single best preventative strategy to reduce melanoma risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingjuan Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Translational Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- 4+4 M.D. Program, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yining Lan
- Department of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Translational Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hanlin Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Translational Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Mengyin Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Translational Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, Connecticut, New Haven, USA
| | - Ling Leng
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Translational Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Heyi Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Translational Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Translational Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lu C, Zhang J, Wang B, Gao Q, Ma K, Pei S, Li J, Cui S. Casein kinase 1α is required to maintain murine hypothalamic pro-opiomelanocortin expression. iScience 2023; 26:106670. [PMID: 37168577 PMCID: PMC10165255 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypothalamic pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neuron development is considered to play an essential role in the development of obesity. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Casein kinase 1α (CK1α) was expressed in the embryonic mouse hypothalamus at high levels and colocalized with POMC neurons. CK1α deletion in POMC neurons caused weight gain, metabolic defects, and increased food intake. The number of POMC-expressing cells was considerably decreased in Csnk1a1fl/fl;POMCcre (PKO) mice from embryonic day 15.5 to postnatal day 60, while apoptosis of POMC neurons was not affected. Furthermore, unchanged POMC progenitor cells and a decreased POMC phenotype established CK1α function in hypothalamic POMC neuron development. CK1α deletion led to elevated Notch intracellular domain (NICD) protein expression, and NICD inhibition rescued the PKO mouse phenotype. In summary, CK1α is involved in hypothalamic POMC expression via NICD-POMC signaling, deepening our understanding of POMC neuron development and control of systemic metabolic functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinglin Zhang
- Institute of Reproduction and Metabolism, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, People’s Republic of China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bingjie Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiao Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kezhe Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shaona Pei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Juxue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Sheng Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Reproduction and Metabolism, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, People’s Republic of China
- Corresponding author
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
The skin forms a crucial, dynamic barrier between an animal and the external world. In mammals, three stem cell populations possess robust regenerative potential to maintain and repair the body's protective surface: epidermal stem cells, which maintain the stratified epidermis; hair follicle stem cells, which power the cyclic growth of the hair follicle; and melanocyte stem cells, which regenerate pigment-producing melanocytes to color the skin and hair. These stem cells reside in complex microenvironments ("niches") comprising diverse cellular repertoires that enable stem cells to rejuvenate tissues during homeostasis and regenerate them upon injury. Beyond their niches, skin stem cells can also sense and respond to fluctuations in organismal health or changes outside the body. Here, we review these diverse cellular interactions and highlight how far-reaching signals can be transmitted at the local level to enable skin stem cells to tailor their actions to suit the particular occasion and optimize fitness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Chieh Hsu
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Elaine Fuchs
- Robin Chemers Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and Development, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lu C, Zhang D, Zhang J, Li L, Qiu J, Gou K, Cui S. Casein kinase 1α regulates murine spermatogenesis via p53-Sox3 signaling. Development 2022; 149:275697. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.200205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Casein kinase 1α (CK1α), acting as one member of the β-catenin degradation complex, negatively regulates the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. CK1α knockout usually causes both Wnt/β-catenin and p53 activation. Our results demonstrated that conditional disruption of CK1α in spermatogonia impaired spermatogenesis and resulted in male mouse infertility. The progenitor cell population was dramatically decreased in CK1α conditional knockout (cKO) mice, while the proliferation of spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) was not affected. Furthermore, our molecular analyses identified that CK1α loss was accompanied by nuclear stability of p53 protein in mouse spermatogonia, and dual-luciferase reporter and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed that p53 directly targeted the Sox3 gene. In addition, the p53 inhibitor pifithrin α (PFTα) partially rescued the phenotype observed in cKO mice. Collectively, our data suggest that CK1α regulates spermatogenesis and male fertility through p53-Sox3 signaling, and they deepen our understanding of the regulatory mechanism underlying the male reproductive system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University 1 , Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu , People's Republic of China
| | - Di Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University 1 , Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu , People's Republic of China
| | - Jinglin Zhang
- Institute of Reproduction and Metabolism, Yangzhou University 2 , Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu , People's Republic of China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University 3 , Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu , People's Republic of China
| | - Liuhui Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University 1 , Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu , People's Republic of China
| | - Jingtao Qiu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University 1 , Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu , People's Republic of China
| | - Kemian Gou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University 1 , Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu , People's Republic of China
- Institute of Reproduction and Metabolism, Yangzhou University 2 , Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu , People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses 4 , Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu , People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University 1 , Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu , People's Republic of China
- Institute of Reproduction and Metabolism, Yangzhou University 2 , Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu , People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses 4 , Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu , People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Implications of Oxidative Stress in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Hyperpigmentation Disorders. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:7881717. [PMID: 35087618 PMCID: PMC8789419 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7881717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress represents an imbalance between the generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and the ability of antioxidant systems to decompose those products. Oxidative stress is implicated in the pathogenesis of hyperpigmentation, hypopigmentation, melanoma, and other skin diseases. Regulatory networks involving oxidative stress and related pathways are widely represented in hypopigmentation diseases, particularly vitiligo. However, there is no complete review into the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of hyperpigmentation disorders, especially regarding associations involving oxidative stress and cellular signaling pathways. Here, we review oxidative and antioxidant systems, oxidative stress-induced signal transduction mechanisms, and effects of antioxidant drugs used in preclinical and clinical settings in hyperpigmentation disorders.
Collapse
|
9
|
Chang CH, Sung WW. Nevi, dysplastic nevi, and melanoma: Molecular and immune mechanisms involving the progression. Tzu Chi Med J 2022; 34:1-7. [PMID: 35233349 PMCID: PMC8830542 DOI: 10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_158_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanocytic nevi, dysplastic nevi, and melanoma are all derived from the pigment-producing cells, namely melanocytes. Concerning the clinical spectrum, cutaneous melanoma is the most aggressive skin cancer with a low survival rate, while nevi are the most common benign lesions in the general population, and dysplastic nevi place in between nevi and melanoma. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a well-recognized extrinsic risk factor for all three. BRAFV600E is a well-recognized driver mutation that activates the RAS-BRAF-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway among 40%–60% of melanoma cases. Interestingly, BRAFV600E mutation is detected even more in acquired nevi, approximately 80%. However, in nevi, several tumor suppressors such as p53 and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) are intact, and senescence factors, including p15INK4b, p16INK4a, p19, and senescence-associated acidic β-galactosidase, are expressed, leading to cell senescence and cell cycle arrest. Although loss of p53 function is rarely found in melanoma, decreased or loss of PTEN with an activated PI3k/Akt signaling pathway is common in nevi, which may abolish senescence status and allow further progression into dysplastic nevi or melanoma. At present, mouse models closely resembling human nevi are used for investigating these phenomena. Melanocortin 1 receptor deficiency, an intrinsic risk factor for melanomagenesis, is related to the production of procarcinogenic pheomelanin and the inhibition of PTEN function. Immune response escape via programmed cell death-1/programmed cell death ligand-1 interaction plays further roles in monitoring the spectrum. Here, we review the current literature on the molecular and immune mechanisms involving the transition from benign nevi to malignant melanoma.
Collapse
|
10
|
Lai PY, Shih TY, Chang YH, Chou YS, Wu TH, Su YY, Chang CH, Kuo WC. In Vivo Longitudinal Tracking of Lymphangiogenesis and Angiogenesis in Cutaneous Melanoma Mouse Model Using Multifunctional Optical Coherence Tomography. JID INNOVATIONS 2021; 1:100010. [PMID: 34909714 PMCID: PMC8659800 DOI: 10.1016/j.xjidi.2021.100010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is a high-risk skin cancer because it tends to metastasize early and ultimately leads to death. In this study, we introduced a noninvasive multifunctional optical coherence tomography (MFOCT) for the early detection of premetastatic pathogenesis in cutaneous melanoma by label-free imaging of microstructures (i.e., providing the thickness and the scattering information) and microcirculation (i.e., providing depth-resolved angiography and lymphangiography). Using MFOCT-based approaches, we presented an in vivo longitudinal observation of the tumor microenvironment in BrafV600E/V600E;Pten−/− mice with inducible melanoma monitored for 42 days. Quantitative analysis of MFOCT images identified an increased number of lymphatic and vascular vessels during tumor progression and faster lymphangiogenesis (beginning on day 21) than angiogenesis (beginning on day 28) in the melanoma microenvironment. We further observed lymphatic vessel enlargement from the first week of melanoma development, implying tumor cells interacting with the vessels and increased likelihood of metastasis. MFOCT identified cutaneous melanoma‒associated angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis before the possible visual perception of the tumor (≥42 days) and before metastasis could be diagnosed using micropositron emission tomography (35 days). Thus, the proposed quantitative analysis using MFOCT has the potential for early detection of cutaneous melanoma progression or prediction of metastatic melanoma in a mouse model. However, retrospective and extensive experiments still need to be performed in the future to confirm the value of MFOCT in clinical application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Yu Lai
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Yu Shih
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Huan Chang
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Shuan Chou
- Skin Institute, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan.,Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Hua Wu
- Skin Institute, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ya Su
- Skin Institute, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan.,Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hsing Chang
- Skin Institute, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan.,Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.,Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chuan Kuo
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Han D, Tai Y, Hua G, Yang X, Chen J, Li J, Deng X. Melanocytes in black-boned chicken have immune contribution under infectious bursal disease virus infection. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101498. [PMID: 34695633 PMCID: PMC8554273 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In black-boned chicken, melanocytes are widely distributed in their inner organs. However, the roles of these cells are not fully elucidated. In this study, we used 3-wk-old female Silky Fowl to investigate the functions of melanocytes under infection with infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV). We found the melanocytes in the bursa of Fabricius involved in IBDV infection shown as abundant melanin were transported into the nodule and lamina propria where obvious apoptotic cells and higher expression of BAX were detected. Genes related to the toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway were highly detected by quantitative PCR, including TLR1, TLR3, TLR4, TLR15, myeloid differential protein-88, interferon-α, and interferon-β. We then isolated and infected primary melanocytes with IBDV in vitro and found that higher expressions of immune genes were detected at 24 and 48 h after infection; the upregulated innate and adaptive immune genes were involved in the pathogenesis of IBDV infection, including TLR3, TLR7, interleukin 15 (IL15), IL18, IL1rap, CD7, BG2, ERAP1, and SLA2. These changes in gene expression were highly associated with microtubule-based movement, antigen processing and presentation, defense against viruses, and innate immune responses. Our results indicated that the widely distributed melanocytes in Silky Fowl could migrate to play important innate immune roles during virus infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deping Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yurong Tai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture & Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Guoying Hua
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture & Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xue Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture & Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jianfei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture & Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Junying Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture & Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xuemei Deng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture & Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Fink A, Hung E, Singh I, Ben-Neriah Y. Immunity in acute myeloid leukemia: Where the immune response and targeted therapy meet. Eur J Immunol 2021; 52:34-43. [PMID: 34648664 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202048945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a highly aggressive disease with high relapse and mortality rates. Recent years have shown a surge in novel therapeutic development for AML, both in clinical and preclinical stages. These developments include targeted therapies based on AML-specific molecular signatures as well as more general immune modulation and vaccination studies. In this review, we will explore the evolving arena of AML therapy and suggest some intriguing connections between immune system modulation and targeted therapy. Improved understanding of the immune system involvement in various stages of the disease and the crosstalk between immune effectors, targeted therapy, and AML cells can provide a better framework for designing the next generation of AML therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Avner Fink
- The Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Eric Hung
- The Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Indranil Singh
- The Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yinon Ben-Neriah
- The Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Li MY, Flora P, Pu H, Bar C, Silva J, Cohen I, Galbo PM, Liu H, Yu X, Jin J, Koseki H, D'Orazio JA, Zheng D, Ezhkova E. UV-induced reduction in Polycomb repression promotes epidermal pigmentation. Dev Cell 2021; 56:2547-2561.e8. [PMID: 34473941 PMCID: PMC8521440 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a prime environmental stressor that our epidermis is exposed to on a daily basis. To avert UV-induced damage, epidermal stem cells (EpSCs) become pigmented via a process of heterotypic interaction between melanocytes and EpSCs; however, the molecular mechanisms of this interaction are not well understood. In this study, we show that the function of a key chromatin regulator, the Polycomb complex, was reduced upon UV exposure in human and mouse epidermis. Genetic ablation of key Polycomb subunits in murine EpSCs, mimicking depletion upon UV exposure, results in an increased number of epidermal melanocytes and subsequent epidermal pigmentation. Genome-wide transcriptional and chromatin studies show that Polycomb regulates the expression of UV-responsive genes and identifies type II collagen (COL2A1) as a critical secreted regulator of melanogenesis and epidermal pigmentation. Together, our findings show how UV exposure induces Polycomb-mediated changes in EpSCs to affect melanocyte behavior and promote epidermal pigmentation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Yen Li
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Pooja Flora
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Hong Pu
- The Markey Cancer Center, Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Carmit Bar
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Jose Silva
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Idan Cohen
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Science, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Phillip M Galbo
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Hequn Liu
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Xufen Yu
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Jian Jin
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Haruhiko Koseki
- Laboratory for Developmental Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (RIKEN-IMS) 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan; AMED-CREST, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - John A D'Orazio
- The Markey Cancer Center, Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Deyou Zheng
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Departments of Genetics, Neurology, and Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Elena Ezhkova
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Li L, Xie Z, Qian X, Wang T, Jiang M, Qin J, Wang C, Wu R, Song C. Identification of a Potentially Functional circRNA-miRNA-mRNA Regulatory Network in Melanocytes for Investigating Pathogenesis of Vitiligo. Front Genet 2021; 12:663091. [PMID: 33968138 PMCID: PMC8098995 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.663091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
CircRNAs have been reported to play essential roles in regulating immunity and inflammation, which may be an important regulatory factor in the development of vitiligo. However, the expression profile of circRNAs and their potential biological functions in vitiligo have not been reported so far. In our study we found there are 64 dysregulated circRNAs and 14 dysregulated miRNAs in the patients with vitiligo. Through the correlation analysis, we obtained 12 dysregulated circRNAs and 5 dysregulated miRNAs, forming 48 relationships in the circRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory network. Gene Ontology analysis indicated dysregulated circRNAs in vitiligo is closely related to the disorder of the metabolic pathway. The KEGG pathway of dysregulation of circRNAs mainly enriched in the biological processes such as ubiquitin mediated proteolysis, endocytosis and RNA degradation, and in Jak-STAT signaling pathway. Therefore, we found the circRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory network are involved in the regulation of numerous melanocyte functions, and these dysregulated circRNAs may closely related to the melanocyte metabolism. Our study provides a theoretical basis for studying the vitiligo pathogenesis from the perspective of circRNA-miRNA-mRNA network.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lili Li
- Department of Dermatology, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Zhi Xie
- Department of Dermatology, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Xiliang Qian
- Department of Dermatology, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Tai Wang
- Department of Dermatology, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Minmin Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Jinglin Qin
- Department of Dermatology, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Dermatology, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Rongqun Wu
- Department of Dermatology, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Canling Song
- Department of Dermatology, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Yardman-Frank JM, Fisher DE. Skin pigmentation and its control: From ultraviolet radiation to stem cells. Exp Dermatol 2020; 30:560-571. [PMID: 33320376 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In the light of substantial discoveries in epithelial and hair pigmentation pathophysiology, this review summarizes the current understanding of skin pigmentation mechanisms. Melanocytes are pigment-producing cells, and their key regulating transcription factor is the melanocyte-specific microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (m-MITF). Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a unique modulator of skin pigmentation influencing tanning pathways. The delayed tanning pathway occurs as UVB produces keratinocyte DNA damage, causing p53-mediated expression of the pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) gene that is processed to release α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH). α-MSH stimulates the melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) on melanocytes, leading to m-MITF expression and melanogenesis. POMC cleavage also releases β-endorphin, which creates a neuroendocrine pathway that promotes UV-seeking behaviours. Mutations along the tanning pathway can affect pigmentation and increase the risk of skin malignancies. MC1R variants have received considerable attention, yet the allele is highly polymorphic with varied phenotypes. Vitiligo presents with depigmented skin lesions due to autoimmune destruction of melanocytes. UVB phototherapy stimulates melanocyte stem cells in the hair bulge to undergo differentiation and upwards migration resulting in perifollicular repigmentation of vitiliginous lesions, which is under sophisticated signalling control. Melanocyte stem cells, normally quiescent, undergo cyclic activation/differentiation and downward migration with the hair cycle, providing pigment to hair follicles. Physiological hair greying results from progressive loss of melanocyte stem cells and can be accelerated by acute stress-induced, sympathetic driven hyperproliferation of the melanocyte stem cells. Ultimately, by reviewing the pathways governing epithelial and follicular pigmentation, numerous areas of future research and potential points of intervention are highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - David E Fisher
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Fulcher LJ, Sapkota GP. Functions and regulation of the serine/threonine protein kinase CK1 family: moving beyond promiscuity. Biochem J 2020; 477:4603-4621. [PMID: 33306089 PMCID: PMC7733671 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20200506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Regarded as constitutively active enzymes, known to participate in many, diverse biological processes, the intracellular regulation bestowed on the CK1 family of serine/threonine protein kinases is critically important, yet poorly understood. Here, we provide an overview of the known CK1-dependent cellular functions and review the emerging roles of CK1-regulating proteins in these processes. We go on to discuss the advances, limitations and pitfalls that CK1 researchers encounter when attempting to define relationships between CK1 isoforms and their substrates, and the challenges associated with ascertaining the correct physiological CK1 isoform for the substrate of interest. With increasing interest in CK1 isoforms as therapeutic targets, methods of selectively inhibiting CK1 isoform-specific processes is warranted, yet challenging to achieve given their participation in such a vast plethora of signalling pathways. Here, we discuss how one might shut down CK1-specific processes, without impacting other aspects of CK1 biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luke J. Fulcher
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | - Gopal P. Sapkota
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Xu W, Huang Z, Gan Y, Chen R, Huang Y, Xue B, Jiang S, Yu Z, Yu K, Zhang S. Casein kinase 1α inhibits p53 downstream of MDM2‑mediated autophagy and apoptosis in acute myeloid leukemia. Oncol Rep 2020; 44:1895-1904. [PMID: 32901886 PMCID: PMC7550986 DOI: 10.3892/or.2020.7760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhancement of autophagy serves as a promising therapeutic strategy for cancer, including acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Casein kinase 1α (CK1α), encoded by CSNK1A1, regulates Wnt/β-catenin, p53 and other key signaling pathways, and is critically involved in tumor progression. However, the relationship and mechanism of CK1α with autophagy in AML still remain unclear. In the present study, it was found that AML patients had higher expression of CSNK1A1 mRNA than healthy donors. Furthermore, we analyzed 163 cases of AML patients in the LAML database of TCGA and found that AML patients with high CSNK1A1 had shorter overall survival than those with low or medium CSNK1A1 expression. Furthermore, we demonstrated that CK1α was a negative regulator of autophagy and apoptosis. Pharmacologic inhibition of CK1α using D4476 or CK1α knockdown via lentivirus-mediated shRNA suppressed proliferation and the clone formation by enhancing autophagic flux and apoptosis in AML cell lines as well as in patient blast cells. Intriguingly, D4476-induced cell death was aggravated in combination with an autophagy inhibitor, Spautin-1, suggesting that autophagy may be a pro-survival signaling. CK1α interacted with murine double minute 2 (MDM2) and p53, and CK1α inhibitor D4476 significantly upregulated p53 and phosphorylated 5′ AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and substantially inhibited the phosphorylation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Our findings indicate that CK1α promotes AML by suppressing p53 downstream of MDM2-mediated autophagy and apoptosis, suggesting that targeting CK1α provides a therapeutic opportunity to treat AML.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wanling Xu
- Department of Hematology, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325015, P.R. China
| | - Ziyang Huang
- Department of Hematology, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325015, P.R. China
| | - Yifeng Gan
- Department of Hematology, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325015, P.R. China
| | - Rongrong Chen
- Department of Hematology, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325015, P.R. China
| | - Yisha Huang
- Department of Hematology, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325015, P.R. China
| | - Bin Xue
- Department of Hematology, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325015, P.R. China
| | - Songfu Jiang
- Department of Hematology, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325015, P.R. China
| | - Zhijie Yu
- Department of Hematology, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325015, P.R. China
| | - Kang Yu
- Department of Hematology, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325015, P.R. China
| | - Shenghui Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325015, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Lai PY, Chang CH, Su HR, Kuo WC. Lymphatic vessel segmentation in optical coherence tomography by adding U-Net-based CNN for artifact minimization. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 11:2679-2693. [PMID: 32499952 PMCID: PMC7249833 DOI: 10.1364/boe.389373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The lymphatic system branches throughout the body to transport bodily fluid and plays a key immune-response role. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an emerging technique for the noninvasive and label-free imaging of lymphatic capillaries utilizing low scattering features of the lymph fluid. Here, the proposed lymphatic segmentation method combines U-Net-based CNN, a Hessian vesselness filter, and a modified intensity-thresholding to search the nearby pixels based on the binarized Hessian mask. Compared to previous approaches, the method can extract shapes more precisely, and the segmented result contains minimal artifacts, achieves the dice coefficient of 0.83, precision of 0.859, and recall of 0.803.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Yu Lai
- Department of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, 155, Sec-2, Li-Nong Street, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hsing Chang
- Skin Institute, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Ren Su
- Super Genius AItek Co., Ltd, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chuan Kuo
- Department of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, 155, Sec-2, Li-Nong Street, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Tsai CR, Galko MJ. Casein kinase 1α decreases β-catenin levels at adherens junctions to facilitate wound closure in Drosophila larvae. Development 2019; 146:dev175133. [PMID: 31511254 PMCID: PMC6826034 DOI: 10.1242/dev.175133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Skin wound repair is essential to restore barrier function and prevent infection after tissue damage. Wound-edge epidermal cells migrate as a sheet to close the wound. However, it is still unclear how cell-cell junctions are regulated during wound closure (WC). To study this, we examined adherens junctions during WC in Drosophila larvae. β-Catenin is reduced at the lateral cell-cell junctions of wound-edge epidermal cells in the early healing stages. Destruction complex components, including Ck1α, GSK3β and β-TrCP, suppress β-catenin levels in the larval epidermis. Tissue-specific RNAi targeting these genes also caused severe WC defects. The Ck1αRNAi -induced WC defect is related to adherens junctions because loss of either β-catenin or E-cadherin significantly rescued this WC defect. In contrast, TCFRNAi does not rescue the Ck1αRNAi -induced WC defect, suggesting that Wnt signaling is not related to this defect. Direct overexpression of β-catenin recapitulates most of the features of Ck1α reduction during wounding. Finally, loss of Ck1α also blocked junctional E-cadherin reduction around the wound. Our results suggest that Ck1α and the destruction complex locally regulate cell adhesion to facilitate efficient wound repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Ru Tsai
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Michael J Galko
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Genetics & Epigenetics Graduate Program, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Wu KZL, Jones RA, Tachie-Menson T, Macartney TJ, Wood NT, Varghese J, Gourlay R, Soares RF, Smith JC, Sapkota GP. Pathogenic FAM83G palmoplantar keratoderma mutations inhibit the PAWS1:CK1α association and attenuate Wnt signalling. Wellcome Open Res 2019. [PMID: 31656861 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15403.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Two recessive mutations in the FAM83G gene, causing A34E and R52P amino acid substitutions in the DUF1669 domain of the PAWS1 protein, are associated with palmoplantar keratoderma (PPK) in humans and dogs respectively. We have previously reported that PAWS1 associates with the Ser/Thr protein kinase CK1α through the DUF1669 domain to mediate canonical Wnt signalling. Methods: Co-immunoprecipitation was used to investigate possible changes to PAWS1 interactors caused by the mutations. We also compared the stability of wild-type and mutant PAWS1 in cycloheximide-treated cells. Effects on Wnt signalling were determined using the TOPflash luciferase reporter assay in U2OS cells expressing PAWS1 mutant proteins. The ability of PAWS1 to induce axis duplication in Xenopus embryos was also tested. Finally, we knocked-in the A34E mutation at the native gene locus and measured Wnt-induced AXIN2 gene expression by RT-qPCR. Results: We show that these PAWS1 A34E and PAWS1 R52P mutants fail to interact with CK1α but, like the wild-type protein, do interact with CD2AP and SMAD1. Like cells carrying a PAWS1 F296A mutation, which also abolishes CK1α binding, cells carrying the A34E and R52P mutants respond poorly to Wnt signalling to an extent resembling that observed in FAM83G gene knockout cells. Consistent with this observation, these mutants, in contrast to the wild-type protein, fail to induce axis duplication in Xenopus embryos. We also found that the A34E and R52P mutant proteins are less abundant than the native protein and appear to be less stable, both when overexpressed in FAM83G-knockout cells and when knocked-in at the native FAM83G locus. Ala 34 of PAWS1 is conserved in all FAM83 proteins and mutating the equivalent residue in FAM83H (A31E) also abolishes interaction with CK1 isoforms. Conclusions: We propose that mutations in PAWS1 cause PPK pathogenesis through disruption of the CK1α interaction and attenuation of Wnt signalling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Z L Wu
- Medical Research Council, Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | | | - Theresa Tachie-Menson
- Medical Research Council, Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Thomas J Macartney
- Medical Research Council, Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Nicola T Wood
- Medical Research Council, Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Joby Varghese
- Medical Research Council, Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Robert Gourlay
- Medical Research Council, Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Renata F Soares
- Medical Research Council, Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | | | - Gopal P Sapkota
- Medical Research Council, Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Fulcher LJ, He Z, Mei L, Macartney TJ, Wood NT, Prescott AR, Whigham AJ, Varghese J, Gourlay R, Ball G, Clarke R, Campbell DG, Maxwell CA, Sapkota GP. FAM83D directs protein kinase CK1α to the mitotic spindle for proper spindle positioning. EMBO Rep 2019; 20:e47495. [PMID: 31338967 PMCID: PMC6726907 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201847495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The concerted action of many protein kinases helps orchestrate the error-free progression through mitosis of mammalian cells. The roles and regulation of some prominent mitotic kinases, such as cyclin-dependent kinases, are well established. However, these and other known mitotic kinases alone cannot account for the extent of protein phosphorylation that has been reported during mammalian mitosis. Here we demonstrate that CK1α, of the casein kinase 1 family of protein kinases, localises to the spindle and is required for proper spindle positioning and timely cell division. CK1α is recruited to the spindle by FAM83D, and cells devoid of FAM83D, or those harbouring CK1α-binding-deficient FAM83DF283A/F283A knockin mutations, display pronounced spindle positioning defects, and a prolonged mitosis. Restoring FAM83D at the endogenous locus in FAM83D-/- cells, or artificially delivering CK1α to the spindle in FAM83DF283A/F283A cells, rescues these defects. These findings implicate CK1α as new mitotic kinase that orchestrates the kinetics and orientation of cell division.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luke J Fulcher
- Medical Research CouncilProtein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation UnitUniversity of DundeeDundeeUK
| | - Zhengcheng He
- Michael Cuccione Childhood Cancer Research ProgramBritish Columbia Children's HospitalUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
| | - Lin Mei
- Michael Cuccione Childhood Cancer Research ProgramBritish Columbia Children's HospitalUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
| | - Thomas J Macartney
- Medical Research CouncilProtein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation UnitUniversity of DundeeDundeeUK
| | - Nicola T Wood
- Medical Research CouncilProtein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation UnitUniversity of DundeeDundeeUK
| | - Alan R Prescott
- Dundee Imaging FacilitySchool of Life SciencesUniversity of DundeeDundeeUK
| | - Arlene J Whigham
- Flow Cytometry and Sorting FacilitySchool of Life SciencesUniversity of DundeeDundeeUK
| | - Joby Varghese
- Medical Research CouncilProtein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation UnitUniversity of DundeeDundeeUK
| | - Robert Gourlay
- Medical Research CouncilProtein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation UnitUniversity of DundeeDundeeUK
| | - Graeme Ball
- Dundee Imaging FacilitySchool of Life SciencesUniversity of DundeeDundeeUK
| | - Rosemary Clarke
- Flow Cytometry and Sorting FacilitySchool of Life SciencesUniversity of DundeeDundeeUK
| | - David G Campbell
- Medical Research CouncilProtein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation UnitUniversity of DundeeDundeeUK
| | - Christopher A Maxwell
- Michael Cuccione Childhood Cancer Research ProgramBritish Columbia Children's HospitalUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
| | - Gopal P Sapkota
- Medical Research CouncilProtein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation UnitUniversity of DundeeDundeeUK
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Jia Y, Chng WJ, Zhou J. Super-enhancers: critical roles and therapeutic targets in hematologic malignancies. J Hematol Oncol 2019; 12:77. [PMID: 31311566 PMCID: PMC6636097 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-019-0757-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Super-enhancers (SEs) in a broad range of human cell types are large clusters of enhancers with aberrant high levels of transcription factor binding, which are central to drive expression of genes in controlling cell identity and stimulating oncogenic transcription. Cancer cells acquire super-enhancers at oncogene and cancerous phenotype relies on these abnormal transcription propelled by SEs. Furthermore, specific inhibitors targeting SEs assembly and activation have offered potential targets for treating various tumors including hematological malignancies. Here, we first review the identification, functional significance of SEs. Next, we summarize recent findings of SEs and SE-driven gene regulation in normal hematopoiesis and hematologic malignancies. The importance and various modes of SE-mediated MYC oncogene amplification are illustrated. Finally, we highlight the progress of SEs as selective therapeutic targets in basic research and clinical trials. Some open questions regarding functional significance and future directions of targeting SEs in the clinic will be discussed too.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunlu Jia
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, Centre for Translational Medicine, Singapore, 117599, Republic of Singapore.,Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wee-Joo Chng
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, Centre for Translational Medicine, Singapore, 117599, Republic of Singapore.,Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Republic of Singapore.,Department of Hematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute of Singapore (NCIS), The National University Health System (NUHS), 1E, Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119228, Republic of Singapore
| | - Jianbiao Zhou
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, Centre for Translational Medicine, Singapore, 117599, Republic of Singapore. .,Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Republic of Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Bowen ME, Attardi LD. The role of p53 in developmental syndromes. J Mol Cell Biol 2019; 11:200-211. [PMID: 30624728 PMCID: PMC6478128 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjy087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
While it is well appreciated that loss of the p53 tumor suppressor protein promotes cancer, growing evidence indicates that increased p53 activity underlies the developmental defects in a wide range of genetic syndromes. The inherited or de novo mutations that cause these syndromes affect diverse cellular processes, such as ribosome biogenesis, DNA repair, and centriole duplication, and analysis of human patient samples and mouse models demonstrates that disrupting these cellular processes can activate the p53 pathway. Importantly, many of the developmental defects in mouse models of these syndromes can be rescued by loss of p53, indicating that inappropriate p53 activation directly contributes to their pathogenesis. A role for p53 in driving developmental defects is further supported by the observation that mouse strains with broad p53 hyperactivation, due to mutations affecting p53 pathway components, display a host of tissue-specific developmental defects, including hematopoietic, neuronal, craniofacial, cardiovascular, and pigmentation defects. Furthermore, germline activating mutations in TP53 were recently identified in two human patients exhibiting bone marrow failure and other developmental defects. Studies in mice suggest that p53 drives developmental defects by inducing apoptosis, restraining proliferation, or modulating other developmental programs in a cell type-dependent manner. Here, we review the growing body of evidence from mouse models that implicates p53 as a driver of tissue-specific developmental defects in diverse genetic syndromes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margot E Bowen
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology in the Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Laura D Attardi
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology in the Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Wu KZL, Jones RA, Tachie-Menson T, Macartney TJ, Wood NT, Varghese J, Gourlay R, Soares RF, Smith JC, Sapkota GP. Pathogenic FAM83G palmoplantar keratoderma mutations inhibit the PAWS1:CK1α association and attenuate Wnt signalling. Wellcome Open Res 2019; 4:133. [PMID: 31656861 PMCID: PMC6798324 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15403.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Two recessive mutations in the FAM83G gene, causing A34E and R52P amino acid substitutions in the DUF1669 domain of the PAWS1 protein, are associated with palmoplantar keratoderma (PPK) in humans and dogs respectively. We have previously reported that PAWS1 associates with the Ser/Thr protein kinase CK1α through the DUF1669 domain to mediate canonical Wnt signalling. Methods: Co-immunoprecipitation was used to investigate possible changes to PAWS1 interactors caused by the mutations. We also compared the stability of wild-type and mutant PAWS1 in cycloheximide-treated cells. Effects on Wnt signalling were determined using the TOPflash luciferase reporter assay in U2OS cells expressing PAWS1 mutant proteins. The ability of PAWS1 to induce axis duplication in Xenopus embryos was also tested. Finally, we knocked-in the A34E mutation at the native gene locus and measured Wnt-induced AXIN2 gene expression by RT-qPCR. Results: We show that these PAWS1 A34E and PAWS1 R52P mutants fail to interact with CK1α but, like the wild-type protein, do interact with CD2AP and SMAD1. Like cells carrying a PAWS1 F296A mutation, which also abolishes CK1α binding, cells carrying the A34E and R52P mutants respond poorly to Wnt signalling to an extent resembling that observed in FAM83G gene knockout cells. Consistent with this observation, these mutants, in contrast to the wild-type protein, fail to induce axis duplication in Xenopus embryos. We also found that the A34E and R52P mutant proteins are less abundant than the native protein and appear to be less stable, both when overexpressed in FAM83G-knockout cells and when knocked-in at the native FAM83G locus. Ala 34 of PAWS1 is conserved in all FAM83 proteins and mutating the equivalent residue in FAM83H (A31E) also abolishes interaction with CK1 isoforms. Conclusions: We propose that mutations in PAWS1 cause PPK pathogenesis through disruption of the CK1α interaction and attenuation of Wnt signalling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Z L Wu
- Medical Research Council, Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | | | - Theresa Tachie-Menson
- Medical Research Council, Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Thomas J Macartney
- Medical Research Council, Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Nicola T Wood
- Medical Research Council, Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Joby Varghese
- Medical Research Council, Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Robert Gourlay
- Medical Research Council, Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Renata F Soares
- Medical Research Council, Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | | | - Gopal P Sapkota
- Medical Research Council, Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Seo HS. A Case of Using Hominis Placenta and Soyeom Mixed Pharmacopuncture to Remove Melanocytic Nevus. J Pharmacopuncture 2018; 21:14-17. [PMID: 30151300 PMCID: PMC6054075 DOI: 10.3831/kpi.2018.21.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective It has been attempted to find out that Homine Placents and Soyeom mixed Pharmacopuncture (HSP) procedure is effective for the removal of melanocytic nevus of considerable size which cannot be applied to general acupuncture. Methods Hominis placenta (0.5ml) and Soyeom (0.5ml) mixed pharmacopuncture (1.0ml) was subcutaneously injected in several places of melanocytic nevus. The treatment was performed about 20 times, once a week. Layer analysis of pigmentation was carried out using ECOSKIN. Results One year after the HSP procedure, the pigmentation of the melanocytic nevus was slightly reduced and completely removed after 2 years of procedure. Conclusion The HSP could be effective for removing hyperpigmentation in the melanocytic nevus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyung-Sik Seo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otolaryngology and Dermatology, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Hiller B, Hoppe A, Haase C, Hiller C, Schubert N, Müller W, Reijns MAM, Jackson AP, Kunkel TA, Wenzel J, Behrendt R, Roers A. Ribonucleotide Excision Repair Is Essential to Prevent Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Skin. Cancer Res 2018; 78:5917-5926. [PMID: 30154151 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-1099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Because of imperfect discrimination against ribonucleoside triphosphates by the replicative DNA polymerases, large numbers of ribonucleotides are incorporated into the eukaryotic nuclear genome during S-phase. Ribonucleotides, by far the most common DNA lesion in replicating cells, destabilize the DNA, and an evolutionarily conserved DNA repair machinery, ribonucleotide excision repair (RER), ensures ribonucleotide removal. Whereas complete lack of RER is embryonically lethal, partial loss-of-function mutations in the genes encoding subunits of RNase H2, the enzyme essential for initiation of RER, cause the SLE-related type I interferonopathy Aicardi-Goutières syndrome. Here, we demonstrate that selective inactivation of RER in mouse epidermis results in spontaneous DNA damage and epidermal hyperproliferation associated with loss of hair follicle stem cells and hair follicle function. The animals developed keratinocyte intraepithelial neoplasia and invasive squamous cell carcinoma with complete penetrance, despite potent type I interferon production and skin inflammation. These results suggest that compromises to RER-mediated genome maintenance might represent an important tumor-promoting principle in human cancer.Significance: Selective inactivation of ribonucleotide excision repair by loss of RNase H2 in the murine epidermis results in spontaneous DNA damage, type I interferon response, skin inflammation, and development of squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Res; 78(20); 5917-26. ©2018 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Björn Hiller
- Institute for Immunology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Gene Center and Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Anja Hoppe
- Institute for Immunology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christa Haase
- Institute for Immunology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christina Hiller
- Institute for Immunology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Nadja Schubert
- Institute for Immunology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Werner Müller
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Martin A M Reijns
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew P Jackson
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas A Kunkel
- Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), NIH, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Jörg Wenzel
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Rayk Behrendt
- Institute for Immunology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Axel Roers
- Institute for Immunology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Minzel W, Venkatachalam A, Fink A, Hung E, Brachya G, Burstain I, Shaham M, Rivlin A, Omer I, Zinger A, Elias S, Winter E, Erdman PE, Sullivan RW, Fung L, Mercurio F, Li D, Vacca J, Kaushansky N, Shlush L, Oren M, Levine R, Pikarsky E, Snir-Alkalay I, Ben-Neriah Y. Small Molecules Co-targeting CKIα and the Transcriptional Kinases CDK7/9 Control AML in Preclinical Models. Cell 2018; 175:171-185.e25. [PMID: 30146162 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
CKIα ablation induces p53 activation, and CKIα degradation underlies the therapeutic effect of lenalidomide in a pre-leukemia syndrome. Here we describe the development of CKIα inhibitors, which co-target the transcriptional kinases CDK7 and CDK9, thereby augmenting CKIα-induced p53 activation and its anti-leukemic activity. Oncogene-driving super-enhancers (SEs) are highly sensitive to CDK7/9 inhibition. We identified multiple newly gained SEs in primary mouse acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells and demonstrate that the inhibitors abolish many SEs and preferentially suppress the transcription elongation of SE-driven oncogenes. We show that blocking CKIα together with CDK7 and/or CDK9 synergistically stabilize p53, deprive leukemia cells of survival and proliferation-maintaining SE-driven oncogenes, and induce apoptosis. Leukemia progenitors are selectively eliminated by the inhibitors, explaining their therapeutic efficacy with preserved hematopoiesis and leukemia cure potential; they eradicate leukemia in MLL-AF9 and Tet2-/-;Flt3ITD AML mouse models and in several patient-derived AML xenograft models, supporting their potential efficacy in curing human leukemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Waleed Minzel
- The Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Avanthika Venkatachalam
- The Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Avner Fink
- The Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Eric Hung
- The Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Guy Brachya
- The Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ido Burstain
- The Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Maya Shaham
- The Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Amitai Rivlin
- The Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Itay Omer
- The Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Adar Zinger
- The Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Shlomo Elias
- The Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel; Department of Hematology, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Eitan Winter
- Bioinformatics Unit of the I-CORE Computation Center, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Nathali Kaushansky
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Liran Shlush
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Moshe Oren
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ross Levine
- Center for Hematologic Malignancies, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eli Pikarsky
- The Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel; Department of Pathology, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Irit Snir-Alkalay
- The Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yinon Ben-Neriah
- The Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Jiang S, Zhang M, Sun J, Yang X. Casein kinase 1α: biological mechanisms and theranostic potential. Cell Commun Signal 2018; 16:23. [PMID: 29793495 PMCID: PMC5968562 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-018-0236-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Casein kinase 1α (CK1α) is a multifunctional protein belonging to the CK1 protein family that is conserved in eukaryotes from yeast to humans. It regulates signaling pathways related to membrane trafficking, cell cycle progression, chromosome segregation, apoptosis, autophagy, cell metabolism, and differentiation in development, circadian rhythm, and the immune response as well as neurodegeneration and cancer. Given its involvement in diverse cellular, physiological, and pathological processes, CK1α is a promising therapeutic target. In this review, we summarize what is known of the biological functions of CK1α, and provide an overview of existing challenges and potential opportunities for advancing theranostics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaojie Jiang
- Department of Radiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, 310016, Hangzhou, China
| | - Miaofeng Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, 310009, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jihong Sun
- Department of Radiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, 310016, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoming Yang
- Department of Radiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, 310016, Hangzhou, China. .,Image-Guided Bio-Molecular Intervention Research, Department of Radiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.
| |
Collapse
|