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Shubhrasmita Sahu S, Sarkar P, Chattopadhyay A. Quantitation of F-actin in cytoskeletal reorganization: Context, methodology and implications. Methods 2024:S1046-2023(24)00171-3. [PMID: 39074540 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2024.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton is involved in a large number of cellular signaling events in addition to providing structural integrity to the cell. Actin polymerization is a key event during cellular signaling. Although the role of actin cytoskeleton in cellular processes such as trafficking and motility has been extensively studied, the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton upon signaling has been rarely explored due to lack of suitable assays. Keeping in mind this lacuna, we developed a confocal microscopy based approach that relies on high magnification imaging of cellular F-actin, followed by image reconstruction using commercially available software. In this review, we discuss the context and relevance of actin quantitation, followed by a detailed hands-on approach of the methodology involved with specific points on troubleshooting and useful precautions. In the latter part of the review, we elucidate the method by discussing applications of actin quantitation from our work in several important problems in contemporary membrane biology ranging from pathogen entry into host cells, to GPCR signaling and membrane-cytoskeleton interaction. We envision that future discovery of cell-permeable novel fluorescent probes, in combination with genetically encoded actin-binding reporters, would allow real-time visualization of actin cytoskeleton dynamics to gain deeper insights into active cellular processes in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhashree Shubhrasmita Sahu
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, India
| | - Parijat Sarkar
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, India; Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Amitabha Chattopadhyay
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, India.
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2
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Tsai FC, Guérin G, Pernier J, Bassereau P. Actin-membrane linkers: Insights from synthetic reconstituted systems. Eur J Cell Biol 2024; 103:151402. [PMID: 38461706 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2024.151402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
At the cell surface, the actin cytoskeleton and the plasma membrane interact reciprocally in a variety of processes related to the remodeling of the cell surface. The actin cytoskeleton has been known to modulate membrane organization and reshape the membrane. To this end, actin-membrane linking molecules play a major role in regulating actin assembly and spatially direct the interaction between the actin cytoskeleton and the membrane. While studies in cells have provided a wealth of knowledge on the molecular composition and interactions of the actin-membrane interface, the complex molecular interactions make it challenging to elucidate the precise actions of the actin-membrane linkers at the interface. Synthetic reconstituted systems, consisting of model membranes and purified proteins, have been a powerful approach to elucidate how actin-membrane linkers direct actin assembly to drive membrane shape changes. In this review, we will focus only on several actin-membrane linkers that have been studied by using reconstitution systems. We will discuss the design principles of these reconstitution systems and how they have contributed to the understanding of the cellular functions of actin-membrane linkers. Finally, we will provide a perspective on future research directions in understanding the intricate actin-membrane interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Ching Tsai
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR168, Physics of Cells and Cancer, Paris 75005, France.
| | - Gwendal Guérin
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR168, Physics of Cells and Cancer, Paris 75005, France
| | - Julien Pernier
- Tumor Cell Dynamics Unit, Inserm U1279, Gustave Roussy Institute, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif 94800, France
| | - Patricia Bassereau
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR168, Physics of Cells and Cancer, Paris 75005, France.
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3
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Picas L, André-Arpin C, Comunale F, Bousquet H, Tsai FC, Rico F, Maiuri P, Pernier J, Bodin S, Nicot AS, Laporte J, Bassereau P, Goud B, Gauthier-Rouvière C, Miserey S. BIN1 regulates actin-membrane interactions during IRSp53-dependent filopodia formation. Commun Biol 2024; 7:549. [PMID: 38724689 PMCID: PMC11082164 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06168-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Amphiphysin 2 (BIN1) is a membrane and actin remodeling protein mutated in congenital and adult centronuclear myopathies. Here, we report an unexpected function of this N-BAR domain protein BIN1 in filopodia formation. We demonstrated that BIN1 expression is necessary and sufficient to induce filopodia formation. BIN1 is present at the base of forming filopodia and all along filopodia, where it colocalizes with F-actin. We identify that BIN1-mediated filopodia formation requires IRSp53, which allows its localization at negatively-curved membrane topologies. Our results show that BIN1 bundles actin in vitro. Finally, we identify that BIN1 regulates the membrane-to-cortex architecture and functions as a molecular platform to recruit actin-binding proteins, dynamin and ezrin, to promote filopodia formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Picas
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), University of Montpellier, CNRS UMR 9004, Montpellier, France.
| | - Charlotte André-Arpin
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), University of Montpellier, CNRS UMR 9004, Montpellier, France
| | - Franck Comunale
- CRBM, University of Montpellier, CNRS UMR 5237, Montpellier, France
| | - Hugo Bousquet
- Institut Curie, CNRS UMR 144, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Feng-Ching Tsai
- Institut Curie, CNRS UMR 168, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Félix Rico
- Aix-Marseille Université, U1325 INSERM, DyNaMo, Turing center for living systems, Marseille, France
| | - Paolo Maiuri
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Julien Pernier
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Stéphane Bodin
- CRBM, University of Montpellier, CNRS UMR 5237, Montpellier, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Nicot
- Grenoble Alpes University, INSERM U1216, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - Jocelyn Laporte
- Department of Translational Medicine, IGBMC, U1258, UMR7104 Strasbourg University, Collège de France, Illkirch, France
| | | | - Bruno Goud
- Institut Curie, CNRS UMR 144, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | | | - Stéphanie Miserey
- Institut Curie, CNRS UMR 144, PSL Research University, Paris, France.
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4
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Siegfried H, Farkouh G, Le Borgne R, Pioche-Durieu C, De Azevedo Laplace T, Verraes A, Daunas L, Verbavatz JM, Heuzé ML. The ER tether VAPA is required for proper cell motility and anchors ER-PM contact sites to focal adhesions. eLife 2024; 13:e85962. [PMID: 38446032 PMCID: PMC10917420 DOI: 10.7554/elife.85962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell motility processes highly depend on the membrane distribution of Phosphoinositides, giving rise to cytoskeleton reshaping and membrane trafficking events. Membrane contact sites serve as platforms for direct lipid exchange and calcium fluxes between two organelles. Here, we show that VAPA, an ER transmembrane contact site tether, plays a crucial role during cell motility. CaCo2 adenocarcinoma epithelial cells depleted for VAPA exhibit several collective and individual motility defects, disorganized actin cytoskeleton and altered protrusive activity. During migration, VAPA is required for the maintenance of PI(4)P and PI(4,5)P2 levels at the plasma membrane, but not for PI(4)P homeostasis in the Golgi and endosomal compartments. Importantly, we show that VAPA regulates the dynamics of focal adhesions (FA) through its MSP domain, is essential to stabilize and anchor ventral ER-PM contact sites to FA, and mediates microtubule-dependent FA disassembly. To conclude, our results reveal unknown functions for VAPA-mediated membrane contact sites during cell motility and provide a dynamic picture of ER-PM contact sites connection with FA mediated by VAPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Siegfried
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, F-75013ParisFrance
| | - Georges Farkouh
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, F-75013ParisFrance
| | - Rémi Le Borgne
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, F-75013ParisFrance
| | | | | | - Agathe Verraes
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, F-75013ParisFrance
| | - Lucien Daunas
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, F-75013ParisFrance
| | | | - Mélina L Heuzé
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, F-75013ParisFrance
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5
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Li C, Zhao M, Liu X, Li Y, Xu B, Zhou L, Sun X, Sun W, Kang N, Ji Z, Li T, An H, Wang F, Wu C, Ye JY, Zhang JR, Wang Q, Zhao X, Li Z, Liu W. Ion channel TRPV2 is critical in enhancing B cell activation and function. J Exp Med 2024; 221:e20221042. [PMID: 38353705 PMCID: PMC10866685 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20221042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The function of transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) cation channels governing B cell activation remains to be explored. We present evidence that TRPV2 is highly expressed in B cells and plays a crucial role in the formation of the B cell immunological synapse and B cell activation. Physiologically, TRPV2 expression level is positively correlated to influenza-specific antibody production and is low in newborns and seniors. Pathologically, a positive correlation is established between TRPV2 expression and the clinical manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in adult and child SLE patients. Correspondingly, mice with deficient TRPV2 in B cells display impaired antibody responses following immunization. Mechanistically, the pore and N-terminal domains of TRPV2 are crucial for gating cation permeation and executing mechanosensation in B cells upon antigen stimulation. These processes synergistically contribute to membrane potential depolarization and cytoskeleton remodeling within the B cell immunological synapse, fostering efficient B cell activation. Thus, TRPV2 is critical in augmenting B cell activation and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuifeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Institute for Immunology, China Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Institute for Immunology, China Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Institute for Immunology, China Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Institute for Immunology, China Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Bihua Xu
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immunology Diseases, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lina Zhou
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Xiaolin Sun
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (BZ0135), Beijing, China
| | - Wenbo Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Institute for Immunology, China Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Na Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Institute for Immunology, China Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenglin Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Institute for Immunology, China Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Institute for Immunology, China Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Haoran An
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Chuan Wu
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jing-Ying Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Institute for Immunology, China Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Ren Zhang
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Qingwen Wang
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immunology Diseases, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhanguo Li
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (BZ0135), Beijing, China
| | - Wanli Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Institute for Immunology, China Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
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Yamazaki Y, Miyata Y, Morigaki K, Miyazaki M. Controlling Physical and Biochemical Parameters of Actin Nucleation Using a Patterned Model Lipid Membrane. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:1825-1834. [PMID: 38294155 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Self-assembly of nanoscale actin cytoskeletal proteins into filamentous networks requires organizing actin nucleation areas on the plasma membrane through recruiting actin nucleators and nucleation-promoting factors (NPFs) to the areas. To investigate impacts of the nucleation geometry on actin network assembly, we localized NPF or nucleator on defined micropatterns of laterally mobile lipid bilayers confined in a framework of a polymerized lipid bilayer. We demonstrated that actin network assembly in purified protein mixtures was confined on NPF- or nucleator-localized fluid bilayers. By controlling the shape and size of nucleation areas as well as the density and types of localized NPFs and nucleators, we showed that these parameters regulate actin network architectures. Actin network assembly in Xenopus egg extracts was also spatially controlled by patterning bilayers containing phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphoshate (PI(4,5)P2), an essential lipid signaling mediator. Therefore, the system provides a promising platform to investigate the physical and biochemical principles for actin network assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Yamazaki
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yuuri Miyata
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Kenichi Morigaki
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
- Biosignal Research Center, Kobe University, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Makito Miyazaki
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
- Hakubi Center for Advanced Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, Paris F-75005, France
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7
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Calabrese B, Halpain S. MARCKS and PI(4,5)P 2 reciprocally regulate actin-based dendritic spine morphology. Mol Biol Cell 2024; 35:ar23. [PMID: 38088877 PMCID: PMC10881156 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e23-09-0370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Myristoylated, alanine-rich C-kinase substrate (MARCKS) is an F-actin and phospholipid binding protein implicated in numerous cellular activities, including the regulation of morphology in neuronal dendrites and dendritic spines. MARCKS contains a lysine-rich effector domain that mediates its binding to plasma membrane phosphatidylinositol-4,5-biphosphate (PI(4,5)P2) in a manner controlled by PKC and calcium/calmodulin. In neurons, manipulations of MARCKS concentration and membrane targeting strongly affect the numbers, shapes, and F-actin properties of dendritic spines, but the mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the effects of MARCKS on dendritic spine morphology are due to its capacity to regulate the availability of plasma membrane PI(4,5)P2. We observed that the concentration of free PI(4,5)P2 on the dendritic plasma membrane was inversely proportional to the concentration of MARCKS. Endogenous PI(4,5)P2 levels were increased or decreased, respectively, by acutely overexpressing either phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase (PIP5K) or inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase (5ptase). PIP5K, like MARCKS depletion, induced severe spine shrinkage; 5ptase, like constitutively membrane-bound MARCKS, induced aberrant spine elongation. These phenotypes involved changes in actin properties driven by the F-actin severing protein cofilin. Collectively, these findings support a model in which neuronal activity regulates actin-dependent spine morphology through antagonistic interactions of MARCKS and PI(4,5)P2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Calabrese
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego and Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Shelley Halpain
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego and Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037
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8
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Jin Y, Xue J. Lipid kinases PIP5Ks and PIP4Ks: potential drug targets for breast cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1323897. [PMID: 38156113 PMCID: PMC10753794 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1323897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphoinositides, a small group of lipids found in all cellular membranes, have recently garnered heightened attention due to their crucial roles in diverse biological processes and different diseases. Among these, phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2), the most abundant bis-phosphorylated phosphoinositide within the signaling system, stands notably connected to breast cancer. Not only does it serve as a key activator of the frequently altered phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway in breast cancer, but also its conversion to phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-triphosphate (PI(3,4,5)P3) is an important direction for breast cancer research. The generation and degradation of phosphoinositides intricately involve phosphoinositide kinases. PI(4,5)P2 generation emanates from the phosphorylation of PI4P or PI5P by two lipid kinase families: Type I phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinases (PIP5Ks) and Type II phosphatidylinositol-5-phosphate 4-kinases (PIP4Ks). In this comprehensive review, we focus on these two lipid kinases and delineate their compositions and respective cellular localization. Moreover, we shed light on the expression patterns and functions of distinct isoforms of these kinases in breast cancer. For a deeper understanding of their functional dynamics, we expound upon various mechanisms governing the regulation of PIP5Ks and PIP4Ks activities. A summary of effective and specific small molecule inhibitors designed for PIP5Ks or PIP4Ks are also provided. These growing evidences support PIP5Ks and PIP4Ks as promising drug targets for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Jin
- Department of Molecular Diagnosis, Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital, Yangzhou University Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jian Xue
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yizheng People’s Hospital, Yangzhou University Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou, China
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9
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Koubova K, Cizkova K, Burianova A, Tauber Z. PTEN and soluble epoxide hydrolase in intestinal cell differentiation. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2023; 1867:130496. [PMID: 37866587 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2023.130496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal epithelial differentiation is a highly organised process. It is influenced by a variety of signalling pathways and enzymes, such as the PI3K pathway and soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) from arachidonic acid metabolism. We investigated the changes in the expression of enzymes and lipid messenger from the PI3K pathway, including PTEN, during intestinal cell differentiation in vitro using HT-29 and Caco2 cells and compared them with immunohistochemical patterns of these proteins in human colon. To investigate the possible crosstalk between the PI3K pathway and sEH, we treated HT-29 and Caco2 cells with the sEH inhibitor TPPU. Administration of TPPU to differentiated cells decreased the expression of PTEN, thus reversing the change in its expression observed during cell differentiation. In addition, multiplex immunofluorescence staining confirmed the relationship between the expression of PTEN and villin, a marker of intestinal cell differentiation, ranging from a moderate correlation in undifferentiated cells to a very strong correlation in differentiated cells treated with TPPU. Furthermore, we confirm that PTEN and sEH mirrored their expression patterns in samples of prenatal and adult human intestine compared to tumours using immunohistochemical staining. Taken together, it appears that PTEN and sEH cooperate in the process of intestinal cell differentiation. A better understanding of the crosstalk between the PI3K pathway and sEH and its consequences for cell differentiation is highly desirable, as several sEH inhibitors are under clinical investigation for the treatment of various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Koubova
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Cizkova
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Adela Burianova
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenek Tauber
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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10
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Chauhan K, Mishra G, Kishore V, Kumar S. Appearance of de Gennes length in force-induced transitions. Phys Rev E 2023; 108:L042501. [PMID: 37978702 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.108.l042501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Using Langevin dynamic simulations, a simple coarse-grained model of a DNA protein construct is used to study the DNA rupture and the protein unfolding. We identify three distinct states: (i) zipped DNA and collapsed protein, (ii) unzipped DNA and stretched protein, and (iii) unzipped DNA and collapsed protein. Here, we find a phase diagram that shows these states depending on the size of the DNA handle and the protein. For a less stable protein, unfolding is solely governed by the size of the linker DNA, whereas if the protein's stability increases, complete unfolding becomes impossible because the rupture force for DNA has reached a saturation regime influenced by the de Gennes length. We show that unfolding occurs via a few intermediate states by monitoring the force-extension curve of the entire protein. We extend our study to a heterogeneous protein system, where similar intermediate states in two systems can lead to different protein unfolding paths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keerti Chauhan
- Department of Physics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India
| | - Garima Mishra
- Department of Physics, Ashoka University, Sonipat 131 029, India
| | - Vimal Kishore
- Department of Physics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Department of Physics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India
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11
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Chen X, Li Y, Guo M, Xu B, Ma Y, Zhu H, Feng XQ. Polymerization force-regulated actin filament-Arp2/3 complex interaction dominates self-adaptive cell migrations. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2306512120. [PMID: 37639611 PMCID: PMC10483647 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2306512120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells migrate by adapting their leading-edge behaviors to heterogeneous extracellular microenvironments (ECMs) during cancer invasions and immune responses. Yet it remains poorly understood how such complicated dynamic behaviors emerge from millisecond-scale assembling activities of protein molecules, which are hard to probe experimentally. To address this gap, we establish a spatiotemporal "resistance-adaptive propulsion" theory based on the interactions between Arp2/3 complexes and polymerizing actin filaments and a multiscale dynamic modeling system spanning from molecular proteins to the cell. We quantitatively find that cells can accurately self-adapt propulsive forces to overcome heterogeneous ECMs via a resistance-triggered positive feedback mechanism, dominated by polymerization-induced actin filament bending and the bending-regulated actin-Arp2/3 binding. However, for high resistance regions, resistance triggers a negative feedback, hindering branched filament assembly, which adapts cellular morphologies to circumnavigate the obstacles. Strikingly, the synergy of the two opposite feedbacks not only empowers the cell with both powerful and flexible migratory capabilities to deal with complex ECMs but also enables efficient utilization of intracellular proteins by the cell. In addition, we identify that the nature of cell migration velocity depending on ECM history stems from the inherent temporal hysteresis of cytoskeleton remodeling. We also show that directional cell migration is dictated by the competition between the local stiffness of ECMs and the local polymerizing rate of actin network caused by chemotactic cues. Our results reveal that it is the polymerization force-regulated actin filament-Arp2/3 complex binding interaction that dominates self-adaptive cell migrations in complex ECMs, and we provide a predictive theory and a spatiotemporal multiscale modeling system at the protein level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xindong Chen
- Institute of Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
- School of Engineering, Cardiff University, CardiffCF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - Yuhui Li
- CytoMorpho Lab, Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Interdisciplinary Research Institute of Grenoble, Commissariat à l’Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives/CNRS/Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble38054, France
| | - Ming Guo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
| | - Bowen Xu
- Institute of Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
| | - Yanhui Ma
- School of Engineering, Cardiff University, CardiffCF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - Hanxing Zhu
- School of Engineering, Cardiff University, CardiffCF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - Xi-Qiao Feng
- Institute of Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
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12
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Olver DJ, Heres P, Paredes E, Benson JD. Rational synthesis of total damage during cryoprotectant equilibration: modelling and experimental validation of osmomechanical, temperature, and cytotoxic damage in sea urchin ( Paracentrotus lividus) oocytes. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15539. [PMID: 37671360 PMCID: PMC10476611 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sea urchins (e.g., Paracentrotus lividus) are important for both aquaculture and as model species. Despite their importance, biobanking of urchin oocytes by cryopreservation is currently not possible. Optimized cryoprotectant loading may enable novel vitrification methods and thus successful cryopreservation of oocytes. One method for determining an optimized loading protocol uses membrane characteristics and models of damage, namely osmomechanical damage, temperature damage (e.g., chill injury) and cytotoxicity. Here we present and experimentally evaluate existing and novel models of these damage modalities as a function of time and temperature. In osmomechanical damage experiments, oocytes were exposed for 2 to 30 minutes in hypertonic NaCl or sucrose supplemented seawater or in hypotonic diluted seawater. In temperature damage experiments, oocytes were exposed to 1.7 °C, 10 °C, or 20 °C for 2 to 90 minutes. Cytotoxicity was investigated by exposing oocytes to solutions of Me2SO for 2 to 30 minutes. We identified a time-dependent osmotic damage model, a temperature-dependent damage model, and a temperature and time-dependent cytotoxicity model. We combined these models to estimate total damage during a cryoprotectant loading protocol and determined the optimal loading protocol for any given goal intracellular cryoprotectant concentration. Given our fitted models, we find sea urchin oocytes can only be loaded to 13% Me2SO v/v with about 50% survival. This synthesis of multiple damage modalities is the first of its kind and enables a novel approach to modelling cryoprotectant equilibration survival for cells in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic J. Olver
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Pablo Heres
- Departamento de Ecología y Biología Animal, ECOCOST Lab, Centro de Investigación Mariña, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Estefania Paredes
- Departamento de Ecología y Biología Animal, ECOCOST Lab, Centro de Investigación Mariña, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - James D. Benson
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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13
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Parker SS, Ly KT, Grant AD, Sweetland J, Wang AM, Parker JD, Roman MR, Saboda K, Roe DJ, Padi M, Wolgemuth CW, Langlais P, Mouneimne G. EVL and MIM/MTSS1 regulate actin cytoskeletal remodeling to promote dendritic filopodia in neurons. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:e202106081. [PMID: 36828364 PMCID: PMC9998662 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202106081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic spines are the postsynaptic compartment of a neuronal synapse and are critical for synaptic connectivity and plasticity. A developmental precursor to dendritic spines, dendritic filopodia (DF), facilitate synapse formation by sampling the environment for suitable axon partners during neurodevelopment and learning. Despite the significance of the actin cytoskeleton in driving these dynamic protrusions, the actin elongation factors involved are not well characterized. We identified the Ena/VASP protein EVL as uniquely required for the morphogenesis and dynamics of DF. Using a combination of genetic and optogenetic manipulations, we demonstrated that EVL promotes protrusive motility through membrane-direct actin polymerization at DF tips. EVL forms a complex at nascent protrusions and DF tips with MIM/MTSS1, an I-BAR protein important for the initiation of DF. We proposed a model in which EVL cooperates with MIM to coalesce and elongate branched actin filaments, establishing the dynamic lamellipodia-like architecture of DF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara S. Parker
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Kenneth Tran Ly
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Adam D. Grant
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Jillian Sweetland
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Ashley M. Wang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - James D. Parker
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Mackenzie R. Roman
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Kathylynn Saboda
- University of Arizona Cancer Center and Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Denise J. Roe
- University of Arizona Cancer Center and Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Megha Padi
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Charles W. Wolgemuth
- University of Arizona Cancer Center and Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences-Oncology Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Paul Langlais
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Ghassan Mouneimne
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, USA
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14
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Abstract
The formation of membrane vesicles is a common feature in all eukaryotes. Lipid rafts are the best-studied example of membrane domains for both eukaryotes and prokaryotes, and their existence also is suggested in Archaea membranes. Lipid rafts are involved in the formation of transport vesicles, endocytic vesicles, exocytic vesicles, synaptic vesicles and extracellular vesicles, as well as enveloped viruses. Two mechanisms of how rafts are involved in vesicle formation have been proposed: first, that raft proteins and/or lipids located in lipid rafts associate with coat proteins that form a budding vesicle, and second, vesicle budding is triggered by enzymatic generation of cone-shaped ceramides and inverted cone-shaped lyso-phospholipids. In both cases, induction of curvature is also facilitated by the relaxation of tension in the raft domain. In this Review, we discuss the role of raft-derived vesicles in several intracellular trafficking pathways. We also highlight their role in different pathways of endocytosis, and in the formation of intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) through budding inwards from the multivesicular body (MVB) membrane, because rafts inside MVB membranes are likely to be involved in loading RNA into ILVs. Finally, we discuss the association of glycoproteins with rafts via the glycocalyx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Sapoń
- Institute of Biology, University of Opole, Kominka 6, 45-032 Opole, Poland
| | - Rafał Mańka
- Institute of Biology, University of Opole, Kominka 6, 45-032 Opole, Poland
| | - Teresa Janas
- Institute of Biology, University of Opole, Kominka 6, 45-032 Opole, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Janas
- Institute of Biology, University of Opole, Kominka 6, 45-032 Opole, Poland
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15
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Ehret T, Heißenberg T, de Buhr S, Aponte-Santamaría C, Steinem C, Gräter F. FERM domains recruit ample PI(4,5)P 2s to form extensive protein-membrane attachments. Biophys J 2023; 122:1325-1333. [PMID: 36814382 PMCID: PMC10111351 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2023.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The four-point-one ezrin-radixin-moesin homology (FERM) protein domain is a multifunctional protein-lipid binding site, constituting an integral part of numerous membrane-associated proteins. Its interaction with the lipid phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2), located at the inner leaflet of eukaryotic plasma membranes, is important for localization, anchorage, and activation of FERM-containing proteins. FERM-PIP2 complexes structurally determined so far exclusively feature a 1:1 binding stoichiometry of protein and lipid, with a few basic FERM residues neutralizing the -4 charge of the bound PIP2. Whether this picture from static crystal structures also applies to the dynamic interaction of FERM domains on PIP2 membranes is unknown. We here quantified the stoichiometry of FERM-PIP2 binding in a lipid bilayer using atomistic molecular dynamics simulations and experiments on solid supported membranes for the FERM domains of focal adhesion kinase and ezrin. In contrast to the structural data, we find much higher average stoichiometries of FERM-PIP2 binding, amounting to 1:3 or 1:4 ratios, respectively. In simulations, the full set of basic residues at the membrane interface, 7 and 15 residues for focal adhesion kinase and ezrin, respectively, engages in PIP2 interactions. In addition, Na ions enter the FERM-membrane binding interface, compensating negative PIP2 charges in case of high charge surpluses from bound PIP2. We propose the multivalent binding of FERM domains to PIP2 in lipid bilayers to significantly enhance the stability of FERM-membrane binding and to render the FERM-membrane linkage highly adjustable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Ehret
- Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies (HITS), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tim Heißenberg
- Institute of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; Max Planck School Matter to Life, Heidelberg and Göttingen, Germany
| | - Svenja de Buhr
- Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies (HITS), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Claudia Steinem
- Institute of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; Max Planck School Matter to Life, Heidelberg and Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Frauke Gräter
- Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies (HITS), Heidelberg, Germany; Max Planck School Matter to Life, Heidelberg and Göttingen, Germany; Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing (IWR), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
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16
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Senju Y, Mushtaq T, Vihinen H, Manninen A, Saarikangas J, Ven K, Engel U, Varjosalo M, Jokitalo E, Lappalainen P. Actin-rich lamellipodia-like protrusions contribute to the integrity of epithelial cell-cell junctions. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104571. [PMID: 36871754 PMCID: PMC10173786 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis-suppressor 1 (MTSS1) is a membrane-interacting scaffolding protein that regulates the integrity of epithelial cell-cell junctions and functions as a tumor suppressor in a wide range of carcinomas. MTSS1 binds phosphoinositide-rich membranes through its I-BAR domain, and is capable of sensing and generating negative membrane curvature in vitro. However, the mechanisms by which MTSS1 localizes to intercellular junctions in epithelial cells, and contributes to their integrity and maintenance have remained elusive. By carrying out electron microscopy and live-cell imaging on cultured Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cell monolayers, we provide evidence that adherens junctions of epithelial cells harbor lamellipodia-like, dynamic actin-driven membrane folds, which exhibit high negative membrane curvature at their distal edges. BioID proteomics and imaging experiments demonstrated that MTSS1 associates with an Arp2/3 complex activator, the WAVE-2 complex, in dynamic actin-rich protrusions at cell-cell junctions. Inhibition of Arp2/3 or WAVE-2 suppressed actin filament assembly at adherens junctions, decreased the dynamics of junctional membrane protrusions, and led to defects in epithelial integrity. Together, these results support a model in which membrane-associated MTSS1, together with the WAVE-2 and Arp2/3 complexes, promotes the formation of dynamic lamellipodia-like actin protrusions that contribute to the integrity of cell-cell junctions in epithelial monolayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Senju
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science (RIIS), Okayama University, Japan.
| | - Toiba Mushtaq
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE) - Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Helena Vihinen
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE) - Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aki Manninen
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Finland
| | - Juha Saarikangas
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Finland; Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Katharina Ven
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE) - Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ulrike Engel
- Nikon Imaging Center and Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Markku Varjosalo
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE) - Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eija Jokitalo
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE) - Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pekka Lappalainen
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE) - Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Finland
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17
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Pacheco J, Cassidy AC, Zewe JP, Wills RC, Hammond GR. PI(4,5)P2 diffuses freely in the plasma membrane even within high-density effector protein complexes. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:e202204099. [PMID: 36416724 PMCID: PMC9698391 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202204099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The lipid phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol-4,5-bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2] is a master regulator of plasma membrane (PM) function. Its effector proteins regulate transport, signaling, and cytoskeletal processes that define PM structure and function. How a single type of lipid regulates so many parallel processes is unclear. We tested the hypothesis that spatially separate PI(4,5)P2 pools associate with different PM complexes. The mobility of PI(4,5)P2 was measured using biosensors by single-particle tracking. We found that PM lipids including PI(4,5)P2 diffuse rapidly (∼0.3 µm2/s) with Brownian motion, although they spend one third of their time diffusing more slowly. Surprisingly, areas of the PM occupied by PI(4,5)P2-dependent complexes did not slow PI(4,5)P2 lateral mobility. Only the spectrin and septin cytoskeletons showed reduced PI(4,5)P2 diffusion. We conclude that even structures with high densities of PI(4,5)P2 effector proteins, such as clathrin-coated pits and focal adhesions, do not corral unbound PI(4,5)P2, questioning a role for spatially segregated PI(4,5)P2 pools in organizing and regulating PM functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Pacheco
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Anna C. Cassidy
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - James P. Zewe
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Rachel C. Wills
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Gerald R.V. Hammond
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
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18
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Senju Y, Hibino E. Moesin-ezrin-radixin-like protein merlin: Its conserved and distinct functions from those of ERM proteins. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2023; 1865:184076. [PMID: 36302494 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2022.184076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Senju
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science (RIIS), Okayama University, Okayama, Japan.
| | - Emi Hibino
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Aichi, Japan
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19
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Prakash S, Krishna A, Sengupta D. Cofilin-Membrane Interactions: Electrostatic Effects in Phosphoinositide Lipid Binding. Chemphyschem 2023; 24:e202200509. [PMID: 36200760 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton interacts with the cell membrane primarily through the indirect interactions of actin-binding proteins such as cofilin-1. The molecular mechanisms underlying the specific interactions of cofilin-1 with membrane lipids are still unclear. Here, we performed coarse-grain molecular dynamics simulations of cofilin-1 with complex lipid bilayers to analyze the specificity of protein-lipid interactions. We observed the maximal interactions with phosphoinositide (PIP) lipids, especially PIP2 and PIP3 lipids. A good match was observed between the residues predicted to interact and previous experimental studies. The clustering of PIP lipids around the membrane bound protein leads to an overall lipid demixing and gives rise to persistent membrane curvature. Further, through a series of control simulations, we observe that both electrostatics and geometry are critical for specificity of lipid binding. Our current study is a step towards understanding the physico-chemical basis of cofilin-PIP lipid interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Prakash
- CSIR - National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India
| | - Anjali Krishna
- CSIR - National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India.,Current Address: School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Durba Sengupta
- CSIR - National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India
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20
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Meenakshi S I, Rao M, Mayor S, Sowdhamini R. A census of actin-associated proteins in humans. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1168050. [PMID: 37187613 PMCID: PMC10175787 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1168050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Actin filaments help in maintaining the cell structure and coordinating cellular movements and cargo transport within the cell. Actin participates in the interaction with several proteins and also with itself to form the helical filamentous actin (F-actin). Actin-binding proteins (ABPs) and actin-associated proteins (AAPs) coordinate the actin filament assembly and processing, regulate the flux between globular G-actin and F-actin in the cell, and help maintain the cellular structure and integrity. We have used protein-protein interaction data available through multiple sources (STRING, BioGRID, mentha, and a few others), functional annotation, and classical actin-binding domains to identify actin-binding and actin-associated proteins in the human proteome. Here, we report 2482 AAPs and present an analysis of their structural and sequential domains, functions, evolutionary conservation, cellular localization, abundance, and tissue-specific expression patterns. This analysis provides a base for the characterization of proteins involved in actin dynamics and turnover in the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Madan Rao
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, TIFR, Bangalore, India
| | - Satyajit Mayor
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, TIFR, Bangalore, India
| | - Ramanathan Sowdhamini
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, TIFR, Bangalore, India
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Bangalore, India
- *Correspondence: Ramanathan Sowdhamini,
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21
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Winkenbach LP, Parker DM, Williams RTP, Nishimura EO. The ERM-1 membrane-binding domain directs erm-1 mRNA localization to the plasma membrane in the C. elegans embryo. Development 2022; 149:279335. [PMID: 36314842 PMCID: PMC9793419 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
mRNA localization and transport are integral in regulating gene expression. In Caenorhabditis elegans embryos, the maternally inherited mRNA erm-1 (Ezrin/Radixin/Moesin) becomes concentrated in anterior blastomeres. erm-1 mRNA localizes within those blastomeres to the plasma membrane where the essential ERM-1 protein, a membrane-actin linker, is also found. We demonstrate that the localization of erm-1 mRNA to the plasma membrane is translation dependent and requires its encoded N-terminal, membrane-binding (FERM) domain. By perturbing translation through multiple methods, we found that erm-1 mRNA localization at the plasma membrane persisted only if the nascent peptide remained in complex with the translating mRNA. Indeed, re-coding the erm-1 mRNA coding sequence while preserving the encoded amino acid sequence did not disrupt erm-1 mRNA localization, corroborating that the information directing mRNA localization resides within its membrane-binding protein domain. A single-molecule inexpensive fluorescence in situ hybridization screen of 17 genes encoding similar membrane-binding domains identified three plasma membrane-localized mRNAs in the early embryo. Ten additional transcripts showed potential membrane localization later in development. These findings point to a translation-dependent pathway for localization of mRNAs encoding membrane-associated proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay P. Winkenbach
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Dylan M. Parker
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
| | - Robert T. P. Williams
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Erin Osborne Nishimura
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA,Author for correspondence ()
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22
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PI(4,5)P2: signaling the plasma membrane. Biochem J 2022; 479:2311-2325. [PMID: 36367756 PMCID: PMC9704524 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20220445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
In the almost 70 years since the first hints of its existence, the phosphoinositide, phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate has been found to be central in the biological regulation of plasma membrane (PM) function. Here, we provide an overview of the signaling, transport and structural roles the lipid plays at the cell surface in animal cells. These include being substrate for second messenger generation, direct modulation of receptors, control of membrane traffic, regulation of ion channels and transporters, and modulation of the cytoskeleton and cell polarity. We conclude by re-evaluating PI(4,5)P2's designation as a signaling molecule, instead proposing a cofactor role, enabling PM-selective function for many proteins.
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23
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Tsai FC, Henderson JM, Jarin Z, Kremneva E, Senju Y, Pernier J, Mikhajlov O, Manzi J, Kogan K, Le Clainche C, Voth GA, Lappalainen P, Bassereau P. Activated I-BAR IRSp53 clustering controls the formation of VASP-actin-based membrane protrusions. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabp8677. [PMID: 36240267 PMCID: PMC9565809 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abp8677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Filopodia are actin-rich membrane protrusions essential for cell morphogenesis, motility, and cancer invasion. How cells control filopodium initiation on the plasma membrane remains elusive. We performed experiments in cellulo, in vitro, and in silico to unravel the mechanism of filopodium initiation driven by the membrane curvature sensor IRSp53 (insulin receptor substrate protein of 53 kDa). We showed that full-length IRSp53 self-assembles into clusters on membranes depending on PIP2. Using well-controlled in vitro reconstitution systems, we demonstrated that IRSp53 clusters recruit the actin polymerase VASP (vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein) to assemble actin filaments locally on membranes, leading to the generation of actin-filled membrane protrusions reminiscent of filopodia. By pulling membrane nanotubes from live cells, we observed that IRSp53 can only be enriched and trigger actin assembly in nanotubes at highly dynamic membrane regions. Our work supports a regulation mechanism of IRSp53 in its attributes of curvature sensation and partner recruitment to ensure a precise spatial-temporal control of filopodium initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Ching Tsai
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR168, Laboratoire Physico-Chimie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
- Corresponding author. (F.-C.T.); (G.A.V.); (P.L.); (P.B.)
| | - J. Michael Henderson
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR168, Laboratoire Physico-Chimie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
- Unité de Trafic Membranaire et Pathogénèse, Département de Biologie Cellulaire et Infection, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR 3691, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Zack Jarin
- Pritzker School for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Elena Kremneva
- Institute of Biotechnology and Helsinki Institute of Life Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yosuke Senju
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science (RIIS), Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Julien Pernier
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Oleg Mikhajlov
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR168, Laboratoire Physico-Chimie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - John Manzi
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR168, Laboratoire Physico-Chimie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Konstantin Kogan
- Institute of Biotechnology and Helsinki Institute of Life Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Christophe Le Clainche
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Gregory A. Voth
- Department of Chemistry, Chicago Center for Theoretical Chemistry, James Franck Institute, and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Corresponding author. (F.-C.T.); (G.A.V.); (P.L.); (P.B.)
| | - Pekka Lappalainen
- Institute of Biotechnology and Helsinki Institute of Life Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Corresponding author. (F.-C.T.); (G.A.V.); (P.L.); (P.B.)
| | - Patricia Bassereau
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR168, Laboratoire Physico-Chimie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
- Corresponding author. (F.-C.T.); (G.A.V.); (P.L.); (P.B.)
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24
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Tsai FC, Henderson JM, Jarin Z, Kremneva E, Senju Y, Pernier J, Mikhajlov O, Manzi J, Kogan K, Le Clainche C, Voth GA, Lappalainen P, Bassereau P. Activated I-BAR IRSp53 clustering controls the formation of VASP-actin-based membrane protrusions. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabp8677. [PMID: 36240267 DOI: 10.1101/2022.03.04.483020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Filopodia are actin-rich membrane protrusions essential for cell morphogenesis, motility, and cancer invasion. How cells control filopodium initiation on the plasma membrane remains elusive. We performed experiments in cellulo, in vitro, and in silico to unravel the mechanism of filopodium initiation driven by the membrane curvature sensor IRSp53 (insulin receptor substrate protein of 53 kDa). We showed that full-length IRSp53 self-assembles into clusters on membranes depending on PIP2. Using well-controlled in vitro reconstitution systems, we demonstrated that IRSp53 clusters recruit the actin polymerase VASP (vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein) to assemble actin filaments locally on membranes, leading to the generation of actin-filled membrane protrusions reminiscent of filopodia. By pulling membrane nanotubes from live cells, we observed that IRSp53 can only be enriched and trigger actin assembly in nanotubes at highly dynamic membrane regions. Our work supports a regulation mechanism of IRSp53 in its attributes of curvature sensation and partner recruitment to ensure a precise spatial-temporal control of filopodium initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Ching Tsai
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR168, Laboratoire Physico-Chimie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - J Michael Henderson
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR168, Laboratoire Physico-Chimie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
- Unité de Trafic Membranaire et Pathogénèse, Département de Biologie Cellulaire et Infection, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR 3691, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Zack Jarin
- Pritzker School for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Elena Kremneva
- Institute of Biotechnology and Helsinki Institute of Life Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yosuke Senju
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science (RIIS), Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Julien Pernier
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Oleg Mikhajlov
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR168, Laboratoire Physico-Chimie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - John Manzi
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR168, Laboratoire Physico-Chimie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Konstantin Kogan
- Institute of Biotechnology and Helsinki Institute of Life Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Christophe Le Clainche
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Gregory A Voth
- Department of Chemistry, Chicago Center for Theoretical Chemistry, James Franck Institute, and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Pekka Lappalainen
- Institute of Biotechnology and Helsinki Institute of Life Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Patricia Bassereau
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR168, Laboratoire Physico-Chimie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
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25
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Mears JA, Ramachandran R. Drp1 and the cytoskeleton: mechanistic nexus in mitochondrial division. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 29:100574. [PMID: 36406887 PMCID: PMC9668076 DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2022.100574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), the master regulator of mitochondrial division (MD), interacts with the cytoskeletal elements, namely filamentous actin (F-actin), microtubules (MT), and septins that coincidentally converge at MD sites. However, the mechanistic contributions of these critical elements to, and their cooperativity in, MD remain poorly characterized. Emergent data indicate that the cytoskeleton plays combinatorial modulator, mediator, and effector roles in MD by 'priming' and 'channeling' Drp1 for mechanoenzymatic membrane remodeling. In this brief review, we will outline our current understanding of Drp1-cytoskeleton interactions, focusing on recent progress in the field and a plausible 'diffusion barrier' role for the cytoskeleton in MD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason A. Mears
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
- Center for Mitochondrial Diseases, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
- Cleveland Center for Membrane and Structural Biology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Rajesh Ramachandran
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
- Cleveland Center for Membrane and Structural Biology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
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26
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How do cells stiffen? Biochem J 2022; 479:1825-1842. [PMID: 36094371 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20210806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cell stiffness is an important characteristic of cells and their response to external stimuli. In this review, we survey methods used to measure cell stiffness, summarize stimuli that alter cell stiffness, and discuss signaling pathways and mechanisms that control cell stiffness. Several pathological states are characterized by changes in cell stiffness, suggesting this property can serve as a potential diagnostic marker or therapeutic target. Therefore, we consider the effect of cell stiffness on signaling and growth processes required for homeostasis and dysfunction in healthy and pathological states. Specifically, the composition and structure of the cell membrane and cytoskeleton are major determinants of cell stiffness, and studies have identified signaling pathways that affect cytoskeletal dynamics both directly and by altered gene expression. We present the results of studies interrogating the effects of biophysical and biochemical stimuli on the cytoskeleton and other cellular components and how these factors determine the stiffness of both individual cells and multicellular structures. Overall, these studies represent an intersection of the fields of polymer physics, protein biochemistry, and mechanics, and identify specific mechanisms involved in mediating cell stiffness that can serve as therapeutic targets.
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27
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STIM Proteins and Regulation of SOCE in ER-PM Junctions. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12081152. [PMID: 36009047 PMCID: PMC9405863 DOI: 10.3390/biom12081152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
ER-PM junctions are membrane contact sites formed by the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and plasma membrane (PM) in close apposition together. The formation and stability of these junctions are dependent on constitutive and dynamic enrichment of proteins, which either contribute to junctional stability or modulate the lipid levels of both ER and plasma membranes. The ER-PM junctions have come under much scrutiny recently as they serve as hubs for assembling the Ca2+ signaling complexes. This review summarizes: (1) key findings that underlie the abilities of STIM proteins to accumulate in ER-PM junctions; (2) the modulation of Orai/STIM complexes by other components found within the same junction; and (3) how Orai1 channel activation is coordinated and coupled with downstream signaling pathways.
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28
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Inturi R, Lara S, Derweesh M, Chi CN. Structural Characterization of a Thorarchaeota Profilin Indicates Eukaryotic-Like Features but with an Extended N-Terminus. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2022; 6:e2101323. [PMID: 35429148 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202101323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of the first eukaryotic cell is preceded by evolutionary events, which are still highly debatable. Clues of the exact sequence of events are beginning to emerge. Recent metagenomics analyses has uncovered the Asgard super-phylum as the closest yet known archaea host of eukaryotes. Some of these have been tested and confirmed experimentally. However, the bulk of eukaryotic signature proteins predicted to be encoded by the Asgard super-phylum have not been studied, and their true functions, at least in the context of a eukaryotic cell, are still elusive. For example, there are several different variants of the profilin within each Asgardian Achaea, and there are some conflicting results of their actual roles. Here, the 3D structure of profilin from Thorarchaeota is determined by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and shows that this profilin has a eukaryotic-like profilin with a rigid core and an extended N-terminus previously implicated in polyproline binding. In addition, it is also shown that Thorarchaeota Profilin co-localizes with eukaryotic actin in cultured HeLa cells. This finding reaffirms the notion that Asgardian encoded proteins possess eukaryotic-like characteristics and strengthen the likely existence of a complex cytoskeleton already in a last eukaryotic common ancestor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raviteja Inturi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, BMC Box 582, Uppsala, SE-75123, Sweden
| | - Sandra Lara
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, BMC Box 582, Uppsala, SE-75123, Sweden
| | - Mahmoud Derweesh
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, BMC Box 582, Uppsala, SE-75123, Sweden.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alazhr University, 55QC+8Q, Asyut 2, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Celestine N Chi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, BMC Box 582, Uppsala, SE-75123, Sweden
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29
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Xie C, Habif JC, Ukhanov K, Uytingco CR, Zhang L, Campbell RJ, Martens JR. Reversal of ciliary mechanisms of disassembly rescues olfactory dysfunction in ciliopathies. JCI Insight 2022; 7:158736. [PMID: 35771640 PMCID: PMC9462494 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.158736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ciliopathies are a class of genetic diseases resulting in cilia dysfunction in multiple organ systems, including the olfactory system. Currently, there are no available curative treatments for olfactory dysfunction and other symptoms in ciliopathies. The loss or shortening of olfactory cilia, as seen in multiple mouse models of the ciliopathy Bardet–Biedl syndrome (BBS), results in olfactory dysfunction. However, the underlying mechanism of the olfactory cilia reduction is unknown, thus limiting the development of therapeutic approaches for BBS and other ciliopathies. Here, we demonstrated that phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2], a phosphoinositide typically excluded from olfactory cilia, aberrantly redistributed into the residual cilia of BBS mouse models, which caused F-actin ciliary infiltration. Importantly, PI(4,5)P2 and F-actin were necessary for olfactory cilia shortening. Using a gene therapeutic approach, the hydrolyzation of PI(4,5)P2 by overexpression of inositol polyphosphate-5-phosphatase E (INPP5E) restored cilia length and rescued odor detection and odor perception in BBS. Together, our data indicate that PI(4,5)P2/F-actin–dependent cilia disassembly is a common mechanism contributing to the loss of olfactory cilia in BBS and provide valuable pan-therapeutic intervention targets for the treatment of ciliopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Xie
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, United States of America
| | - Julien C Habif
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, United States of America
| | - Kirill Ukhanov
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, United States of America
| | - Cedric R Uytingco
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, United States of America
| | - Lian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, United States of America
| | - Robert J Campbell
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey R Martens
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, United States of America
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30
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Borgo GM, Burke TP, Tran CJ, Lo NTN, Engström P, Welch MD. A patatin-like phospholipase mediates Rickettsia parkeri escape from host membranes. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3656. [PMID: 35760786 PMCID: PMC9237051 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31351-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Rickettsia species of the spotted fever group are arthropod-borne obligate intracellular bacteria that can cause mild to severe human disease. These bacteria invade host cells, replicate in the cell cytosol, and spread from cell to cell. To access the host cytosol and avoid immune detection, they escape membrane-bound vacuoles by expressing factors that disrupt host membranes. Here, we show that a patatin-like phospholipase A2 enzyme (Pat1) facilitates Rickettsia parkeri infection by promoting escape from host membranes and cell-cell spread. Pat1 is important for infection in a mouse model and, at the cellular level, is crucial for efficiently escaping from single and double membrane-bound vacuoles into the host cytosol, and for avoiding host galectins that mark damaged membranes. Pat1 is also important for avoiding host polyubiquitin, preventing recruitment of autophagy receptor p62, and promoting actin-based motility and cell-cell spread. Pathogenic Rickettsia species are arthropod-borne, obligate intracellular bacteria that invade host cells, replicate in the cell cytosol, and spread from cell to cell. Here, Borgo et al. identify a Rickettsia phospholipase enzyme that is important for infection by helping the bacteria escape from host cell vacuoles into the host cytosol, preventing targeting by autophagy, and promoting bacterial motility and spread to other cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina M Borgo
- Division of Infectious Disease and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Thomas P Burke
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Cuong J Tran
- Division of Infectious Disease and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas T N Lo
- Division of Infectious Disease and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Patrik Engström
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Primordial Genetics, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Matthew D Welch
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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31
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Larsen A, John L, Sansom M, Corey R. Specific interactions of peripheral membrane proteins with lipids: what can molecular simulations show us? Biosci Rep 2022; 42:BSR20211406. [PMID: 35297484 PMCID: PMC9008707 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20211406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral membrane proteins (PMPs) can reversibly and specifically bind to biological membranes to carry out functions such as cell signalling, enzymatic activity, or membrane remodelling. Structures of these proteins and of their lipid-binding domains are typically solved in a soluble form, sometimes with a lipid or lipid headgroup at the binding site. To provide a detailed molecular view of PMP interactions with the membrane, computational methods such as molecular dynamics (MD) simulations can be applied. Here, we outline recent attempts to characterise these binding interactions, focusing on both intracellular proteins, such as phosphatidylinositol phosphate (PIP)-binding domains, and extracellular proteins such as glycolipid-binding bacterial exotoxins. We compare methods used to identify and analyse lipid-binding sites from simulation data and highlight recent work characterising the energetics of these interactions using free energy calculations. We describe how improvements in methodologies and computing power will help MD simulations to continue to contribute to this field in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura H. John
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | | | - Robin A. Corey
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
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32
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Daday C, de Buhr S, Mercadante D, Gräter F. Mechanical force can enhance c-Src kinase activity by impairing autoinhibition. Biophys J 2022; 121:684-691. [PMID: 35120901 PMCID: PMC8943751 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular mechanosensing is pivotal for virtually all biological processes, and many molecular mechano-sensors and their way of function are being uncovered. In this work, we suggest that c-Src kinase acts as a direct mechano-sensor. c-Src is responsible for, among others, cell proliferation, and shows increased activity in stretched cells. In its native state, c-Src has little basal activity, because its kinase domain binds to an SH2 and SH3 domain. However, it is known that c-Src can bind to p130Cas, through which force can be transmitted to the membrane. Using molecular dynamics simulations, we show that force acting between the membrane-bound N-terminus of the SH3 domain and p130Cas induces partial SH3 unfolding, thereby impeding rebinding of the kinase domain onto SH2/SH3 and effectively enhancing kinase activity. Forces involved in this process are slightly lower or similar to the forces required to pull out c-Src from the membrane through the myristoyl linker, and key interactions involved in this anchoring are salt bridges between negative lipids and nearby basic residues in c-Src. Thus, c-Src appears to be a candidate for an intriguing mechanosensing mechanism of impaired kinase inhibition, which can be potentially tuned by membrane composition and other environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Daday
- Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Svenja de Buhr
- Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Frauke Gräter
- Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies, Heidelberg, Germany; Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing (IWR), Heidelberg University, Mathematikon, Heidelberg, Germany.
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33
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Yerramilli VS, Ross AH, Scarlata S, Gericke A. IQGAP1 scaffolding links phosphoinositide kinases to cytoskeletal reorganization. Biophys J 2022; 121:793-807. [PMID: 35077666 PMCID: PMC8943696 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
IQGAP1 is a multidomain scaffold protein that coordinates the direction and impact of multiple signaling pathways by scaffolding its various binding partners. However, the spatial and temporal resolution of IQGAP1 scaffolding remains unclear. Here, we use fluorescence imaging and correlation methods that allow for real-time live-cell changes in IQGAP1 localization and complex formation during signaling. We find that IQGAP1 and PIPKIγ interact on both the plasma membrane and in cytosol. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) stimulation, which can initiate cytoskeletal changes, drives the movement of the cytosolic pool toward the plasma membrane to promote cytoskeletal changes. We also observe that a significant population of cytosolic IQGAP1-PIPKIγ complexes localize to early endosomes, and in some instances form aggregated clusters which become highly mobile upon EGF stimulation. Our imaging studies show that PIPKIγ and PI3K bind simultaneously to IQGAP1, which may accelerate conversion of PI4P to PI(3,4,5)P3 that is required for cytoskeletal changes. Additionally, we find that IQGAP1 is responsible for PIPKIγ association with two proteins associated with cytoskeletal changes, talin and Cdc42, during EGF stimulation. These results directly show that IQGAP1 provides a physical link between phosphoinositides (through PIPKIγ), focal adhesion formation (through talin), and cytoskeletal reorganization (through Cdc42) upon EGF stimulation. Taken together, our results support the importance of IQGAP1 in regulating cell migration by linking phosphoinositide lipid signaling with cytoskeletal reorganization.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Siddartha Yerramilli
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Alonzo H. Ross
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Suzanne Scarlata
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Arne Gericke
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts.
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34
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A biophysical perspective of the regulatory mechanisms of ezrin/radixin/moesin proteins. Biophys Rev 2022; 14:199-208. [PMID: 35340609 PMCID: PMC8921360 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-021-00928-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Many signal transductions resulting from ligand-receptor interactions occur at the cell surface. These signaling pathways play essential roles in cell polarization, membrane morphogenesis, and the modulation of membrane tension at the cell surface. However, due to the large number of membrane-binding proteins, including actin-membrane linkers, and transmembrane proteins present at the cell surface, the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation at the cell surface are yet unclear. Here, we describe the molecular functions of one of the key players at the cell surface, ezrin/radixin/moesin (ERM) proteins from a biophysical point of view. We focus our discussion on biophysical properties of ERM proteins revealed by using biophysical tools in live cells and in vitro reconstitution systems. We first describe the structural properties of ERM proteins and then discuss the interactions of ERM proteins with PI(4,5)P2 and the actin cytoskeleton. These properties of ERM proteins revealed by using biophysical approaches have led to a better understanding of their physiological functions in cells and tissues. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12551-021-00928-0.
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35
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Yang Y, Zhao Y, Zheng W, Zhao Y, Zhao S, Wang Q, Bai L, Zhang T, Huang S, Song C, Yuan M, Guo Y. Phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate regulates SCAB1-mediated F-actin reorganization during stomatal closure in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:477-494. [PMID: 34850207 PMCID: PMC8773959 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Stomatal movement is critical for plant responses to environmental changes and is regulated by the important signaling molecule phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PI3P). However, the molecular mechanism underlying this process is not well understood. In this study, we show that PI3P binds to stomatal closure-related actin-binding protein1 (SCAB1), a plant-specific F-actin-binding and -bundling protein, and inhibits the oligomerization of SCAB1 to regulate its activity on F-actin in guard cells during stomatal closure in Arabidopsis thaliana. SCAB1 binds specifically to PI3P, but not to other phosphoinositides. Treatment with wortmannin, an inhibitor of phosphoinositide kinase that generates PI3P, leads to an increase of the intermolecular interaction and oligomerization of SCAB1, stabilization of F-actin, and retardation of F-actin reorganization during abscisic acid (ABA)-induced stomatal closure. When the binding activity of SCAB1 to PI3P is abolished, the mutated proteins do not rescue the stability and realignment of F-actin regulated by SCAB1 and the stomatal closure in the scab1 mutant. The expression of PI3P biosynthesis genes is consistently induced when the plants are exposed to drought and ABA treatments. Furthermore, the binding of PI3P to SCAB1 is also required for vacuolar remodeling during stomatal closure. Our results illustrate a PI3P-regulated pathway during ABA-induced stomatal closure, which involves the mediation of SCAB1 activity in F-actin reorganization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yang Zhao
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shuangshuang Zhao
- Key Life Science College, Laboratory of Plant Stress, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Qiannan Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Center for Plant Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Li Bai
- College of Biological Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Tianren Zhang
- College of Biological Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shanjin Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Center for Plant Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chunpeng Song
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Crop Stress Biology, Henan Province, Institute of Plant Stress Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Ming Yuan
- College of Biological Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Tsutsui H. Not Just a Storage Space-Vacuoles Determine the Position of the First Zygotic Division. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 62:1221-1223. [PMID: 34529085 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcab141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Tsutsui
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, Zurich 8008, Switzerland
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37
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Vasilev F, Ezhova Y, Chun JT. Signaling Enzymes and Ion Channels Being Modulated by the Actin Cytoskeleton at the Plasma Membrane. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910366. [PMID: 34638705 PMCID: PMC8508623 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A cell should deal with the changing external environment or the neighboring cells. Inevitably, the cell surface receives and transduces a number of signals to produce apt responses. Typically, cell surface receptors are activated, and during this process, the subplasmalemmal actin cytoskeleton is often rearranged. An intriguing point is that some signaling enzymes and ion channels are physically associated with the actin cytoskeleton, raising the possibility that the subtle changes of the local actin cytoskeleton can, in turn, modulate the activities of these proteins. In this study, we reviewed the early and new experimental evidence supporting the notion of actin-regulated enzyme and ion channel activities in various cell types including the cells of immune response, neurons, oocytes, hepatocytes, and epithelial cells, with a special emphasis on the Ca2+ signaling pathway that depends on the synthesis of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate. Some of the features that are commonly found in diverse cells from a wide spectrum of the animal species suggest that fine-tuning of the activities of the enzymes and ion channels by the actin cytoskeleton may be an important strategy to inhibit or enhance the function of these signaling proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Vasilev
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 Rue St Denis, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
- Correspondence: (F.V.); (J.T.C.); Tel.: +1-514-249-5862 (F.V.); +39-081-583-3407 (J.T.C.)
| | - Yulia Ezhova
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H1T 2M4, Canada;
| | - Jong Tai Chun
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, 80121 Napoli, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.V.); (J.T.C.); Tel.: +1-514-249-5862 (F.V.); +39-081-583-3407 (J.T.C.)
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Heimdallarchaea encodes profilin with eukaryotic-like actin regulation and polyproline binding. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1024. [PMID: 34471213 PMCID: PMC8410842 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02543-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
It is now widely accepted that the first eukaryotic cell emerged from a merger of an archaeal host cell and an alphaproteobacterium. However, the exact sequence of events and the nature of the cellular biology of both partner cells is still contentious. Recently the structures of profilins from some members of the newly discovered Asgard superphylum were determined. In addition, it was found that these profilins inhibit eukaryotic rabbit actin polymerization and that this reaction is regulated by phospholipids. However, the interaction with polyproline repeats which are known to be crucial for the regulation of profilin:actin polymerization was found to be absent for these profilins and was thus suggested to have evolved later in the eukaryotic lineage. Here, we show that Heimdallarchaeota LC3, a candidate phylum within the Asgard superphylum, encodes a putative profilin (heimProfilin) that interacts with PIP2 and its binding is regulated by polyproline motifs, suggesting an origin predating the rise of the eukaryotes. More precisely, we determined the 3D-structure of Heimdallarchaeota LC3 profilin and show that this profilin is able to: i) inhibit eukaryotic actin polymerization in vitro; ii) bind to phospholipids; iii) bind to polyproline repeats from enabled/vasodilator‐stimulated phosphoprotein; iv) inhibit actin from Heimdallarchaeota from polymerizing into filaments. Our results therefore provide hints of the existence of a complex cytoskeleton already in last eukaryotic common ancestor. Chi and coworkers characterise proteins of Heimdallarchaeeota LC3, a member of the Asgard super phylum, and specifically investigate heim-Profilin and heim-Actin, and their interactions with polyproline and phospholipids. They also determine the 3D-structure of Heimdallarchaeota LC3 profilin. Their results suggest that a complex cytoskeleton existed in the last eukaryotic common ancestor indicating an origin predating the rise of the eukaryotes.
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Kadzik RS, Homa KE, Kovar DR. F-Actin Cytoskeleton Network Self-Organization Through Competition and Cooperation. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 2021; 36:35-60. [PMID: 33021819 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cellbio-032320-094706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Many fundamental cellular processes such as division, polarization, endocytosis, and motility require the assembly, maintenance, and disassembly of filamentous actin (F-actin) networks at specific locations and times within the cell. The particular function of each network is governed by F-actin organization, size, and density as well as by its dynamics. The distinct characteristics of different F-actin networks are determined through the coordinated actions of specific sets of actin-binding proteins (ABPs). Furthermore, a cell typically assembles and uses multiple F-actin networks simultaneously within a common cytoplasm, so these networks must self-organize from a common pool of shared globular actin (G-actin) monomers and overlapping sets of ABPs. Recent advances in multicolor imaging and analysis of ABPs and their associated F-actin networks in cells, as well as the development of sophisticated in vitro reconstitutions of networks with ensembles of ABPs, have allowed the field to start uncovering the underlying principles by which cells self-organize diverse F-actin networks to execute basic cellular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel S Kadzik
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA; , .,Department of Molecular BioSciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA;
| | - Kaitlin E Homa
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA; ,
| | - David R Kovar
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA; , .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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40
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Overduin M, Kervin TA. The phosphoinositide code is read by a plethora of protein domains. Expert Rev Proteomics 2021; 18:483-502. [PMID: 34351250 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2021.1962302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The proteins that decipher nucleic acid- and protein-based information are well known, however, those that read membrane-encoded information remain understudied. Here we report 70 different human, microbial and viral protein folds that recognize phosphoinositides (PIs), comprising the readers of a vast membrane code. AREAS COVERED Membrane recognition is best understood for FYVE, PH and PX domains, which exemplify hundreds of PI code readers. Comparable lipid interaction mechanisms may be mediated by kinases, adjacent C1 and C2 domains, trafficking arrestin, GAT and VHS modules, membrane-perturbing annexin, BAR, CHMP, ENTH, HEAT, syntaxin and Tubby helical bundles, multipurpose FERM, EH, MATH, PHD, PDZ, PROPPIN, PTB and SH2 domains, as well as systems that regulate receptors, GTPases and actin filaments, transfer lipids and assembled bacterial and viral particles. EXPERT OPINION The elucidation of how membranes are recognized has extended the genetic code to the PI code. Novel discoveries include PIP-stop and MET-stop residues to which phosphates and metabolites are attached to block phosphatidylinositol phosphate (PIP) recognition, memteins as functional membrane protein apparatuses, and lipidons as lipid "codons" recognized by membrane readers. At least 5% of the human proteome senses such membrane signals and allows eukaryotic organelles and pathogens to operate and replicate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Overduin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Troy A Kervin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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41
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Amadio R, Piperno GM, Benvenuti F. Self-DNA Sensing by cGAS-STING and TLR9 in Autoimmunity: Is the Cytoskeleton in Control? Front Immunol 2021; 12:657344. [PMID: 34084165 PMCID: PMC8167430 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.657344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Modified or misplaced DNA can be recognized as a danger signal by mammalian cells. Activation of cellular responses to DNA has evolved as a defense mechanism to microbial infections, cellular stress, and tissue damage, yet failure to control this mechanism can lead to autoimmune diseases. Several monogenic and multifactorial autoimmune diseases have been associated with type-I interferons and interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) induced by deregulated recognition of self-DNA. Hence, understanding how cellular mechanism controls the pathogenic responses to self-nucleic acid has important clinical implications. Fine-tuned membrane trafficking and cellular compartmentalization are two major factors that balance activation of DNA sensors and availability of self-DNA ligands. Intracellular transport and organelle architecture are in turn regulated by cytoskeletal dynamics, yet the precise impact of actin remodeling on DNA sensing remains elusive. This review proposes a critical analysis of the established and hypothetical connections between self-DNA recognition and actin dynamics. As a paradigm of this concept, we discuss recent evidence of deregulated self-DNA sensing in the prototypical actin-related primary immune deficiency (Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome). We anticipate a broader impact of actin-dependent processes on tolerance to self-DNA in autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Amadio
- Cellular Immunology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Giulia Maria Piperno
- Cellular Immunology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
| | - Federica Benvenuti
- Cellular Immunology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
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42
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Liu
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - Xiaojiang Guo
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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43
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Dobramysl U, Jarsch IK, Inoue Y, Shimo H, Richier B, Gadsby JR, Mason J, Szałapak A, Ioannou PS, Correia GP, Walrant A, Butler R, Hannezo E, Simons BD, Gallop JL. Stochastic combinations of actin regulatory proteins are sufficient to drive filopodia formation. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:e202003052. [PMID: 33740033 PMCID: PMC7980258 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202003052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Assemblies of actin and its regulators underlie the dynamic morphology of all eukaryotic cells. To understand how actin regulatory proteins work together to generate actin-rich structures such as filopodia, we analyzed the localization of diverse actin regulators within filopodia in Drosophila embryos and in a complementary in vitro system of filopodia-like structures (FLSs). We found that the composition of the regulatory protein complex where actin is incorporated (the filopodial tip complex) is remarkably heterogeneous both in vivo and in vitro. Our data reveal that different pairs of proteins correlate with each other and with actin bundle length, suggesting the presence of functional subcomplexes. This is consistent with a theoretical framework where three or more redundant subcomplexes join the tip complex stochastically, with any two being sufficient to drive filopodia formation. We provide an explanation for the observed heterogeneity and suggest that a mechanism based on multiple components allows stereotypical filopodial dynamics to arise from diverse upstream signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Dobramysl
- Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Iris Katharina Jarsch
- Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Yoshiko Inoue
- Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hanae Shimo
- Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Benjamin Richier
- Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jonathan R. Gadsby
- Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Julia Mason
- Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alicja Szałapak
- Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Pantelis Savvas Ioannou
- Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Astrid Walrant
- Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Richard Butler
- Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Edouard Hannezo
- Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Benjamin D. Simons
- Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jennifer L. Gallop
- Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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44
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Papadaki A, Tziouvara O, Kotopouli A, Koumarianou P, Doukas A, Rios P, Tardieux I, Köhn M, Boleti H. The Leishmania donovani LDBPK_220120.1 Gene Encodes for an Atypical Dual Specificity Lipid-Like Phosphatase Expressed in Promastigotes and Amastigotes; Substrate Specificity, Intracellular Localizations, and Putative Role(s). Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:591868. [PMID: 33842381 PMCID: PMC8027504 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.591868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The intracellular protozoan parasites of the Leishmania genus are responsible for Leishmaniases, vector borne diseases with a wide range of clinical manifestations. Leishmania (L.) donovani causes visceral leishmaniasis (kala azar), the most severe of these diseases. Along their biological cycle, Leishmania parasites undergo distinct developmental transitions including metacyclogenesis and differentiation of metacyclic promastigotes (MPs) to amastigotes. Metacyclogenesis inside the phlebotomine sandfly host's midgut converts the procyclic dividing promastigotes to non-dividing infective MPs eventually injected into the skin of mammalian hosts and phagocytosed by macrophages where the MPs are converted inside modified phagolysosomes to the intracellular amastigotes. These developmental transitions involve dramatic changes in cell size and shape and reformatting of the flagellum requiring thus membrane and cytoskeleton remodeling in which phosphoinositide (PI) signaling and metabolism must play central roles. This study reports on the LDBPK_220120.1 gene, the L. donovani ortholog of LmjF.22.0250 from L. major that encodes a phosphatase from the "Atypical Lipid Phosphatases" (ALPs) enzyme family. We confirmed the expression of the LDBPK_220120.1 gene product in both L. donovani promastigotes and axenic amastigotes and showed that it behaves in vitro as a Dual Specificity P-Tyr and monophosphorylated [PI(3)P and PI(4)P] PI phosphatase and therefore named it LdTyrPIP_22 (Leishmaniad onovani Tyrosine PI Phosphatase, gene locus at chromosome 22). By immunofluorescence confocal microscopy we localized the LdTyrPIP_22 in several intracellular sites in the cell body of L. donovani promastigotes and amastigotes and in the flagellum. A temperature and pH shift from 25°C to 37°C and from pH 7 to 5.5, induced a pronounced recruitment of LdTyrPIP_22 epitopes to the flagellar pocket and a redistribution around the nucleus. These results suggest possible role(s) for this P-Tyr/PI phosphatase in the regulation of processes initiated or upregulated by this temperature/pH shift that contribute to the developmental transition from MPs to amastigotes inside the mammalian host macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amalia Papadaki
- Intracellular Parasitism Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece
| | - Olympia Tziouvara
- Intracellular Parasitism Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasia Kotopouli
- Intracellular Parasitism Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece
| | - Petrina Koumarianou
- Intracellular Parasitism Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece.,Light Microscopy Unit, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece
| | - Anargyros Doukas
- Intracellular Parasitism Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece
| | - Pablo Rios
- Genome Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany.,Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Isabelle Tardieux
- Team «Biomechanics of Host Parasite Interactions», Institut for Advanced BioSciences, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U1209 - CNRS UMR 5309, 38700 La Tronche, France
| | - Maja Köhn
- Genome Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany.,Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Haralabia Boleti
- Intracellular Parasitism Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece.,Light Microscopy Unit, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece
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45
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Ran M, Huang H, Hu B, Hu S, Hu J, Li L, He H, Liu H, Wang J. Comparative Analysis of Testicular Histology and lncRNA-mRNA Expression Patterns Between Landes Geese ( Anser anser) and Sichuan White Geese ( Anser cygnoides). Front Genet 2021; 12:627384. [PMID: 33737948 PMCID: PMC7963104 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.627384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Landes geese and Sichuan White geese are two important genetic materials for commercial goose breeding. However, the differences in the male reproductive capacity between these two breeds and the potential molecular mechanisms and associated key genes have not been reported to date. The present study compared the testicular histology and mRNA-long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) expression patterns to reveal the differences in male reproductive performance between Sichuan White geese and Landes geese, as well as to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms. Histological results showed that the testicular organ index, semen volume, and long diameter of seminiferous tubules of Landes geese were significantly larger than those of Sichuan White geese. Analyses of mRNA-lncRNA expression profile showed that compared with Sichuan White geese, a total of 462 differentially expressed mRNAs (DEGs) (173 up-regulated and 289 down-regulated) and 329 differentially expressed lncRNAs (DE lncRNAs) (280 up-regulated, 49 down-regulated) were identified in Landes geese. Among these DEGs, there were 10 spermatogenesis-related and highly expressed (FPKM > 10) DEGs. Except for SEPP1, all of these DEGs were significantly up-regulated in the testes of Landes geese. Functional enrichment analysis indicated that the pathway related to metabolism progress and phosphoinositol signal is vitally responsible for differences in male reproductive performance between Landes geese and Sichuan White geese. These results show that compared with Sichuan White geese, the spermatogenesis in the testis of Landes geese was more active, which may be mainly related to the inositol phosphate signal. These data contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying different male reproductive performances between Landes geese and Sichuan White geese. This knowledge might eventually provide a theoretical basis for improving male reproductive performance in geese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxia Ran
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huaxuan Huang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Hu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shenqiang Hu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiwei Hu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liang Li
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hua He
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hehe Liu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiwen Wang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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46
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Sackmann E, Tanaka M. Critical role of lipid membranes in polarization and migration of cells: a biophysical view. Biophys Rev 2021; 13:123-138. [PMID: 33747247 PMCID: PMC7930189 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-021-00781-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell migration plays vital roles in many biologically relevant processes such as tissue morphogenesis and cancer metastasis, and it has fascinated biophysicists over the past several decades. However, despite an increasing number of studies highlighting the orchestration of proteins involved in different signaling pathways, the functional roles of lipid membranes have been essentially overlooked. Lipid membranes are generally considered to be a functionless two-dimensional matrix of proteins, although many proteins regulating cell migration gain functions only after they are recruited to the membrane surface and self-organize their functional domains. In this review, we summarize how the logistical recruitment and release of proteins to and from lipid membranes coordinates complex spatiotemporal molecular processes. As predicted from the classical framework of the Smoluchowski equation of diffusion, lipid/protein membranes serve as a 2D reaction hub that contributes to the effective and robust regulation of polarization and migration of cells involving several competing pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erich Sackmann
- Physics Department E22/E27, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Strasse, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Motomu Tanaka
- Physical Chemistry of Biosystems, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Center for Integrative Medicine and Physics, Institute for Advanced Study, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501 Japan
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47
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Abstract
Phosphoinositides play important roles in the regulation of protein recruitment at specialized membrane domains, protein activity, and membrane dynamics. Phosphoinositide-protein interplay occurs via multiple mechanisms and proteins associate with membranes through different binding patterns. Determinations of membrane-binding mode and membrane penetration depth of proteins in lipid bilayer are thus important steps in characterizing the molecular mechanisms of membrane-protein interactions. Here, we show two standard in vitro assays using liposomes, diphenylhexatriene (DPH) anisotropy, and fluorescence quenching by brominated lipids to determine membrane penetration of proteins into lipid bilayer. These methods will provide useful tools to study membrane-protein association and uncover molecular details of protein-lipid interplay, which are important for understanding biological functions of membrane-associated proteins and membrane dynamics.
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48
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Abstract
A large proportion of proteins are expected to interact with cellular membranes to carry out their physiological functions in processes such as membrane transport, morphogenesis, cytoskeletal organization, and signal transduction. The recruitment of proteins at the membrane-cytoplasm interface and their activities are precisely regulated by phosphoinositides, which are negatively charged phospholipids found on the cytoplasmic leaflet of cellular membranes and play critical roles in membrane homeostasis and cellular signaling. Thus, it is important to reveal which proteins interact with phosphoinositides and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Here, we present two standard in vitro methods, liposome co-sedimentation and co-flotation assays, to study lipid-protein interactions. Liposomes can mimic various biological membranes in these assays because their lipid compositions and concentrations can be varied. Thus, in addition to mechanisms of lipid-protein interactions, these methods provide information on the possible specificities of proteins toward certain lipids such as specific phosphoinositide species and can hence shed light on the roles of membrane interactions on the functions of membrane-associated proteins.
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49
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Soteriou C, Kalli AC, Connell SD, Tyler AII, Thorne JL. Advances in understanding and in multi-disciplinary methodology used to assess lipid regulation of signalling cascades from the cancer cell plasma membrane. Prog Lipid Res 2020; 81:101080. [PMID: 33359620 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2020.101080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The lipid bilayer is a functional component of cells, forming a stable platform for the initiation of key biological processes, including cell signalling. There are distinct changes in the lipid composition of cell membranes during oncogenic transformation resulting in aberrant activation and inactivation of signalling transduction pathways. Studying the role of the cell membrane in cell signalling is challenging, since techniques are often limited to by timescale, resolution, sensitivity, and averaging. To overcome these limitations, combining 'computational', 'wet-lab' and 'semi-dry' approaches offers the best opportunity to resolving complex biological processes involved in membrane organisation. In this review, we highlight analytical tools that have been applied for the study of cell signalling initiation from the cancer cell membranes through computational microscopy, biological assays, and membrane biophysics. The cancer therapeutic potential of extracellular membrane-modulating agents, such as cholesterol-reducing agents is also discussed, as is the need for future collaborative inter-disciplinary research for studying the role of the cell membrane and its components in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Soteriou
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS29JT, UK; Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK; Molecular and Nanoscale Physics Group, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - A C Kalli
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - S D Connell
- Molecular and Nanoscale Physics Group, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - A I I Tyler
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS29JT, UK
| | - J L Thorne
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS29JT, UK.
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Krajnik A, Brazzo JA, Vaidyanathan K, Das T, Redondo-Muñoz J, Bae Y. Phosphoinositide Signaling and Mechanotransduction in Cardiovascular Biology and Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:595849. [PMID: 33381504 PMCID: PMC7767973 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.595849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphoinositides, which are membrane-bound phospholipids, are critical signaling molecules located at the interface between the extracellular matrix, cell membrane, and cytoskeleton. Phosphoinositides are essential regulators of many biological and cellular processes, including but not limited to cell migration, proliferation, survival, and differentiation, as well as cytoskeletal rearrangements and actin dynamics. Over the years, a multitude of studies have uniquely implicated phosphoinositide signaling as being crucial in cardiovascular biology and a dominant force in the development of cardiovascular disease and its progression. Independently, the cellular transduction of mechanical forces or mechanotransduction in cardiovascular cells is widely accepted to be critical to their homeostasis and can drive aberrant cellular phenotypes and resultant cardiovascular disease. Given the versatility and diversity of phosphoinositide signaling in the cardiovascular system and the dominant regulation of cardiovascular cell functions by mechanotransduction, the molecular mechanistic overlap and extent to which these two major signaling modalities converge in cardiovascular cells remain unclear. In this review, we discuss and synthesize recent findings that rightfully connect phosphoinositide signaling to cellular mechanotransduction in the context of cardiovascular biology and disease, and we specifically focus on phosphatidylinositol-4,5-phosphate, phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase, phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-phosphate, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. Throughout the review, we discuss how specific phosphoinositide subspecies have been shown to mediate biomechanically sensitive cytoskeletal remodeling in cardiovascular cells. Additionally, we discuss the direct interaction of phosphoinositides with mechanically sensitive membrane-bound ion channels in response to mechanical stimuli. Furthermore, we explore the role of phosphoinositide subspecies in association with critical downstream effectors of mechanical signaling in cardiovascular biology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Krajnik
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Joseph A Brazzo
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Kalyanaraman Vaidyanathan
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Tuhin Das
- Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Javier Redondo-Muñoz
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Madrid, Spain.,Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Yongho Bae
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
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