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Li N, Dong R, Zeng H, Zhang Y, Huang R, Liu W, Cao F, Yu J, Liao M, Chen J, Zhang W, Huang Z, Wang J, Li L, Zhu S, Huang D, Li Z, Zhang X, Yuan D, Chen N, Fan Y, Wang G, Schal C, Pan Y, Li S. Two sex pheromone receptors for sexual communication in the American cockroach. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2024; 67:1455-1467. [PMID: 38523236 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-023-2548-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Volatile sex pheromones are vital for sexual communication between males and females. Females of the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana, produce and emit two sex pheromone components, periplanone-A (PA) and periplanone-B (PB). Although PB is the major sex attractant and can attract males, how it interacts with PA in regulating sexual behaviors is still unknown. In this study, we found that in male cockroaches, PA counteracted PB attraction. We identified two odorant receptors (ORs), OR53 and OR100, as PB/PA and PA receptors, respectively. OR53 and OR100 were predominantly expressed in the antennae of sexually mature males, and their expression levels were regulated by the sex differentiation pathway and nutrition-responsive signals. Cellular localization of OR53 and OR100 in male antennae further revealed that two types of sensilla coordinate a complex two-pheromone-two-receptor pathway in regulating cockroach sexual behaviors. These findings indicate distinct functions of the two sex pheromone components, identify their receptors and possible regulatory mechanisms underlying the male-specific and age-dependent sexual behaviors, and can guide novel strategies for pest management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.
- Guangmeiyuan R&D Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, South China Normal University, Meizhou, 514589, China.
| | - Renke Dong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
- Guangmeiyuan R&D Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, South China Normal University, Meizhou, 514589, China
| | - Huanchao Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
- Guangmeiyuan R&D Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, South China Normal University, Meizhou, 514589, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Run Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Fengming Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Jincong Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Mingtao Liao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Jingyou Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Wenlei Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Zejian Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Jiahui Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Li Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Shen Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
- Guangmeiyuan R&D Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, South China Normal University, Meizhou, 514589, China
| | - Danyan Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Zining Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Xiaoshuai Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Dongwei Yuan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Nan Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Yongliang Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on the Loess Plateau of Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Guirong Wang
- Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Coby Schal
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, 27695, USA
| | - Yufeng Pan
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
| | - Sheng Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.
- Guangmeiyuan R&D Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, South China Normal University, Meizhou, 514589, China.
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Leyria J, Fruttero LL, Canavoso LE. Lipids in Insect Reproduction: Where, How, and Why. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38874891 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2024_809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Modern insects have inhabited the earth for hundreds of millions of years, and part of their successful adaptation lies in their many reproductive strategies. Insect reproduction is linked to a high metabolic rate that provides viable eggs in a relatively short time. In this context, an accurate interplay between the endocrine system and the nutrients synthetized and metabolized is essential to produce healthy offspring. Lipids guarantee the metabolic energy needed for egg formation and represent the main energy source consumed during embryogenesis. Lipids availability is tightly regulated by a complex network of endocrine signals primarily controlled by the central nervous system (CNS) and associated endocrine glands, the corpora allata (CA) and corpora cardiaca (CC). This endocrine axis provides hormones and neuropeptides that significatively affect tissues closely involved in successful reproduction: the fat body, which is the metabolic center supplying the lipid resources and energy demanded in egg formation, and the ovaries, where the developing oocytes recruit lipids that will be used for optimal embryogenesis. The post-genomic era and the availability of modern experimental approaches have advanced our understanding of many processes involved in lipid homeostasis; therefore, it is crucial to integrate the findings of recent years into the knowledge already acquired in the last decades. The present chapter is devoted to reviewing major recent contributions made in elucidating the impact of the CNS/CA/CC-fat body-ovary axis on lipid metabolism in the context of insect reproduction, highlighting areas of fruitful research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimena Leyria
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, CP 5000, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Leonardo L Fruttero
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, CP 5000, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Lilián E Canavoso
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, CP 5000, Argentina.
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina.
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Khalid MZ, Liu J, Zhang J, Yang L, Sun Z, Zhong G. Pyriproxyfen enhances germline stem cell proliferation and reduces reproduction in Drosophila by up-regulating juvenile hormone signaling. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024. [PMID: 38865711 DOI: 10.1002/ps.8234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pyriproxyfen is an insect growth regulator (IGR) that is effective against various types of insect pests. However, the molecular mechanism underlying pyriproxyfen effects on insect reproduction remains unclear. Thus, in this study, we attempted to uncover the mechanisms underlying the impact of pyriproxyfen on the reproductive system of the model organism Drosophila melanogaster. RESULTS A significant decrease in Drosophila reproduction was observed after pyriproxyfen treatment. The juvenile hormone (JH) titer was significantly increased (120.4%) in the ovary samples of pyriproxyfen-treated flies. Likewise, the concentrations of key enzymes and the expression of key genes related to the JH signaling pathway were also increased in the pyriproxyfen-treated group compared with the control group. Furthermore, pyriproxyfen treatment significantly increased (15.6%) the number of germline stem cells (GSCs) and significantly decreased (17%) the number of cystoblasts (CBs). However, no significant differences were observed in the number of somatic cells. We performed RNA interference (RNAi) on five key genes (Met, Tai, gce, ftz-f1, and hairy) related to the JH signaling pathway in germ cells using the germ cell-specific Gal4 driver. Interestingly, RNAi of the selected genes significantly decreased the number of both GSCs and CBs in pyriproxyfen-treated transgenic flies. These results further validate that pyriproxyfen enhances GSC proliferation by up-regulating JH signaling. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that pyriproxyfen significantly decreases reproduction by affecting germ cells in female adult ovaries. The effect of pyriproxyfen on germ cell proliferation and differentiation is mediated by an increase in JH signaling. This study has significant implications for optimizing pest control strategies, developing sustainable agriculture practices, and understanding the mechanism of insecticide action. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zaryab Khalid
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Liying Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zhipeng Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Guohua Zhong
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, P. R. China
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4
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Wu Z, Yan C, Xing K, Liu Y, Zhang C, Li H, Sun Y, Zhang J. Membrane-bound trehalase enhances cadmium tolerance by regulating cell apoptosis in Neocaridina denticulata sinensis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 944:173798. [PMID: 38844236 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Trehalase gene is mainly expressed in the digestive circulatory system for regulating energy metabolism and chitin synthesis in insects, but it is significantly expressed in gill for immunomodulation in shrimp. However, its function in regulating immunity, particularly metal resistance in crustaceans has yet to be elucidated. In this study, one Tre2 gene (NdTre2) was isolated from Neocaridina denticulata sinensis. It could bind to Cd2+ and inhibit its toxicity. Spatiotemporal expression analysis showed that the expression of NdTre2 was highest in the gill and significantly reduced at 12 h after Cd2+ stimulation. The transcriptomic analysis of the gill after NdTre2 knockdown showed that the expression of genes synthetizing 20E was up-regulated and the increased 20E could further induce apoptosis by activating the intrinsic mitochondrial pathway, exogenous death receptor-ligand pathway, and MAPK pathway. In vitro, overexpressing NdTre2 enhanced the tolerance of E. coli in Cd2+ environment. In summary, these results indicate that NdTre2 plays an essential role in regulating immunity and chitin metabolism in N. denticulata sinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Wu
- School of Life Sciences/Hebei Basic Science Center for Biotic Interaction, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China; Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Congcong Yan
- School of Life Sciences/Hebei Basic Science Center for Biotic Interaction, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Kefan Xing
- School of Life Sciences/Hebei Basic Science Center for Biotic Interaction, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Yujie Liu
- School of Life Sciences/Hebei Basic Science Center for Biotic Interaction, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Chunyu Zhang
- School of Life Sciences/Hebei Basic Science Center for Biotic Interaction, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Huimin Li
- School of Life Sciences/Hebei Basic Science Center for Biotic Interaction, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Yuying Sun
- School of Life Sciences/Hebei Basic Science Center for Biotic Interaction, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China; Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.
| | - Jiquan Zhang
- School of Life Sciences/Hebei Basic Science Center for Biotic Interaction, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China; Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.
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5
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Jia Q, Yang L, Wen J, Liu S, Wen D, Luo W, Wang W, Palli SR, Sheng L. Cyp6g2 is the major P450 epoxidase responsible for juvenile hormone biosynthesis in Drosophila melanogaster. BMC Biol 2024; 22:111. [PMID: 38741075 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-024-01910-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Juvenile hormones (JH) play crucial role in regulating development and reproduction in insects. The most common form of JH is JH III, derived from MF through epoxidation by CYP15 enzymes. However, in the higher dipterans, such as the fruitfly, Drosophila melanogaster, a bis-epoxide form of JHB3, accounted most of the JH detected. Moreover, these higher dipterans have lost the CYP15 gene from their genomes. As a result, the identity of the P450 epoxidase in the JH biosynthesis pathway in higher dipterans remains unknown. RESULTS In this study, we show that Cyp6g2 serves as the major JH epoxidase responsible for the biosynthesis of JHB3 and JH III in D. melanogaster. The Cyp6g2 is predominantly expressed in the corpus allatum (CA), concurring with the expression pattern of jhamt, another well-studied gene that is crucial in the last steps of JH biosynthesis. Mutation in Cyp6g2 leads to severe disruptions in larval-pupal metamorphosis and exhibits reproductive deficiencies, exceeding those seen in jhamt mutants. Notably, Cyp6g2-/-::jhamt2 double mutants all died at the pupal stage but could be rescued through the topical application of JH analogs. JH titer analyses revealed that both Cyp6g2-/- mutant and jhamt2 mutant lacking JHB3 and JH III, while overexpression of Cyp6g2 or jhamt caused a significant increase in JHB3 and JH III titer. CONCLUSIONS These findings collectively established that Cyp6g2 as the major JH epoxidase in the higher dipterans and laid the groundwork for the further understanding of JH biosynthesis. Moreover, these findings pave the way for developing specific Cyp6g2 inhibitors as insect growth regulators or insecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangqiang Jia
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology & School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangmeiyuan R&D Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, South China Normal University, Meizhou, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology & School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiamin Wen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology & School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Suning Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology & School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangmeiyuan R&D Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, South China Normal University, Meizhou, China
| | - Di Wen
- College of Biological Science and Agriculture, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, Duyuan, 558000, China
| | - Wei Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology & School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangmeiyuan R&D Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, South China Normal University, Meizhou, China
| | - Weihua Wang
- Center of Pharmaceutical Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Subba Reddy Palli
- Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40546, USA
| | - Li Sheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology & School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.
- Guangmeiyuan R&D Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, South China Normal University, Meizhou, China.
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6
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Li C, Nong W, Boncan DAT, So WL, Yip HY, Swale T, Jia Q, Vicentin IG, Chung G, Bendena WG, Ngo JCK, Chan TF, Lam HM, Hui JHL. Elucidating the ecophysiology of soybean pod-sucking stinkbug Riptortus pedestris (Hemiptera: Alydidae) based on de novo genome assembly and transcriptome analysis. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:327. [PMID: 38565997 PMCID: PMC10985886 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10232-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Food security is important for the ever-growing global population. Soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr., is cultivated worldwide providing a key source of food, protein and oil. Hence, it is imperative to maintain or to increase its yield under different conditions including challenges caused by abiotic and biotic stresses. In recent years, the soybean pod-sucking stinkbug Riptortus pedestris has emerged as an important agricultural insect pest in East, South and Southeast Asia. Here, we present a genomics resource for R. pedestris including its genome assembly, messenger RNA (mRNA) and microRNA (miRNA) transcriptomes at different developmental stages and from different organs. As insect hormone biosynthesis genes (genes involved in metamorphosis) and their regulators such as miRNAs are potential targets for pest control, we analyzed the sesquiterpenoid (juvenile) and ecdysteroid (molting) hormone biosynthesis pathway genes including their miRNAs and relevant neuropeptides. Temporal gene expression changes of these insect hormone biosynthesis pathways were observed at different developmental stages. Similarly, a diet-specific response in gene expression was also observed in both head and salivary glands. Furthermore, we observed that microRNAs (bantam, miR-14, miR-316, and miR-263) of R. pedestris fed with different types of soybeans were differentially expressed in the salivary glands indicating a diet-specific response. Interestingly, the opposite arms of miR-281 (-5p and -3p), a miRNA involved in regulating development, were predicted to target Hmgs genes of R. pedestris and soybean, respectively. These observations among others highlight stinkbug's responses as a function of its interaction with soybean. In brief, the results of this study not only present salient findings that could be of potential use in pest management and mitigation but also provide an invaluable resource for R. pedestris as an insect model to facilitate studies on plant-pest interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chade Li
- Center for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, HKSAR, China
- Simon F.S. Li Marine Science Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shat-in, HKSAR, China
| | - Wenyan Nong
- Center for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, HKSAR, China
- Simon F.S. Li Marine Science Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shat-in, HKSAR, China
| | - Delbert Almerick T Boncan
- Center for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, HKSAR, China
| | - Wai Lok So
- Center for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, HKSAR, China
- Simon F.S. Li Marine Science Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shat-in, HKSAR, China
| | - Ho Yin Yip
- Center for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, HKSAR, China
- Simon F.S. Li Marine Science Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shat-in, HKSAR, China
| | | | - Qi Jia
- Key Laboratory for Genetics Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education/College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China
| | - Ignacio G Vicentin
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria, Avenida Rivadavia, Ciudad de Buenos, 1439, Argentina
| | - Gyuhwa Chung
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, 59626, Korea
| | - William G Bendena
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, 116 Barrie St, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Jacky C K Ngo
- Center for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, HKSAR, China.
| | - Ting Fung Chan
- Center for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, HKSAR, China.
- Institute of Environment, Institute of Energy and Sustainability, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, HKSAR, China.
| | - Hon-Ming Lam
- Center for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, HKSAR, China.
- Institute of Environment, Institute of Energy and Sustainability, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, HKSAR, China.
| | - Jerome H L Hui
- Center for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, HKSAR, China.
- Simon F.S. Li Marine Science Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shat-in, HKSAR, China.
- Institute of Environment, Institute of Energy and Sustainability, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, HKSAR, China.
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7
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Cao Z, Bakumenko O, Vlasenko V, Li W, Cao J. Molecular characterization and functional analysis of the ecdysone receptor isoform (EcR) from the oriental fruit moth Grapholita molesta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 115:e22110. [PMID: 38605666 DOI: 10.1002/arch.22110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
20-Hydroxyecdysone (20E) plays a vital role in a series of biological processes, via the nuclear receptors, EcR/USP by activating the ecdysone regulatory cascade. To clarify the role of EcR during the development of Grapholita molesta, the complementary DNA of ecdysone receptor isoform B1 (GmEcR-B1) was obtained from the transcriptome of G. molesta and verified by PCR. Alignment analysis revealed that the deduced protein sequence of GmEcR-B1 was highly homologous to EcR proteins identified in other lepidopteran species, especially the EcR-B1 isoform in Spodoptera litura. Quantitative real-time PCR showed that GmEcRs was expressed at all test developmental stages, and the expression level of GmEcRs was relatively higher during the period of the 3rd day of fifth instar larvae to 2nd of pupa than those in other stages. Moreover, the messenger RNA of GmEcRs was much more strongly expressed in the Malpighian tubule and epidermis than those in other tissues, which suggests that this gene may function in a tissue-specific manner during larval development. Silencing of GmEcRs could significantly downregulate the transcriptional level of ecdysone-inducible genes and result in increased mortality during metamorphosis and prolonged prepupal duration. Taken together, the present results indicate that GmEcRs may directly or indirectly affect the development of G. molesta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhishan Cao
- Department of Plant Protection, International Joint Laboratory of Taxonomy and Systematic Evolution of Insecta, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- Department of Plant Protection, Sumy National Agrarian University, Sumy, Ukraine
| | - Olha Bakumenko
- Department of Plant Protection, Sumy National Agrarian University, Sumy, Ukraine
| | - Volodymyr Vlasenko
- Department of Plant Protection, Sumy National Agrarian University, Sumy, Ukraine
| | - Weihai Li
- Department of Plant Protection, International Joint Laboratory of Taxonomy and Systematic Evolution of Insecta, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Jinjun Cao
- Department of Plant Protection, International Joint Laboratory of Taxonomy and Systematic Evolution of Insecta, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, China
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8
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Xu X, Li T, Zhang L, Liu X. Effect of silencing the E74B gene on the development and metamorphosis of Helicoverpa armigera. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024; 80:1435-1445. [PMID: 37939129 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The growth and development transition of insects are mainly mediated by ecdysone. As one of the ecdysone-induced transcription factors, E74 is involved in many physiological processes of insect growth and development. However, E74 and its function in Helicoverpa armigera remains unclear. RESULTS In this study, E74B, a subtype of the E74, was identified for the first time in H. armigera. Bioinformatics analysis showed that H. armigera E74B shared the highest homology with E74B in Bombyx mori, which belongs to the E26 transformation-specific (ETS) superfamily. The expression profile showed that the transcription level of HaE74B increased in the late stages of fourth to sixth instars compared with the early stages; it was also high in the pupa and midgut. Moreover, we investigated the function of HaE74B through RNA interference and 20E rescue experiments. The results showed silencing of E74B affected the molting and growth of larvae, resulting in the death of more than 60% of larvae. In addition, it also seriously affected the metamorphosis of H. armigera, which reduced the pupae rate, the eclosion rate of the pupae, and fecundity. Application of 20E partially restored the defects in the molting, development and pupae rate of H. armigera. CONCLUSION Taken together, these results demonstrated that HaE74B plays a critical role in the growth, development, and metamorphosis of H. armigera, which serves as a molecular target and sets out a theoretical foundation for RNAi-mediated control of this key pest. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhui Xu
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Lianjun Zhang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Xiaoning Liu
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
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9
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Barton LJ, Sanny J, Packard Dawson E, Nouzova M, Noriega FG, Stadtfeld M, Lehmann R. Juvenile hormones direct primordial germ cell migration to the embryonic gonad. Curr Biol 2024; 34:505-518.e6. [PMID: 38215744 PMCID: PMC10872347 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Germ cells are essential to sexual reproduction. Across the animal kingdom, extracellular signaling isoprenoids, such as retinoic acids (RAs) in vertebrates and juvenile hormones (JHs) in invertebrates, facilitate multiple processes in reproduction. Here we investigated the role of these potent signaling molecules in embryonic germ cell development, using JHs in Drosophila melanogaster as a model system. In contrast to their established endocrine roles during larval and adult germline development, we found that JH signaling acts locally during embryonic development. Using an in vivo biosensor, we observed active JH signaling first within and near primordial germ cells (PGCs) as they migrate to the developing gonad. Through in vivo and in vitro assays, we determined that JHs are both necessary and sufficient for PGC migration. Analysis into the mechanisms of this newly uncovered paracrine JH function revealed that PGC migration was compromised when JHs were decreased or increased, suggesting that specific titers or spatiotemporal JH dynamics are required for robust PGC colonization of the gonad. Compromised PGC migration can impair fertility and cause germ cell tumors in many species, including humans. In mammals, retinoids have many roles in development and reproduction. We found that like JHs in Drosophila, RA was sufficient to impact mouse PGC migration in vitro. Together, our study reveals a previously unanticipated role of isoprenoids as local effectors of pre-gonadal PGC development and suggests a broadly shared mechanism in PGC migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lacy J Barton
- Department of Cell Biology, Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, 540 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA.
| | - Justina Sanny
- Department of Cell Biology, Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, 540 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Emily Packard Dawson
- Department of Cell Biology, Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, 540 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Marcela Nouzova
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8(th) Street, Miami, FL 33199, USA; Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre CAS, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Fernando Gabriel Noriega
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8(th) Street, Miami, FL 33199, USA; Department of Parasitology, University of South Bohemia, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Matthias Stadtfeld
- Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 413 E 69th Street, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ruth Lehmann
- Department of Cell Biology, Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, 540 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA; Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 455 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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10
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Long S, Cao W, Qiu Y, Deng R, Liu J, Zhang L, Dong R, Liu F, Li S, Zhao H, Li N, Li K. The appearance of cytoplasmic cytochrome C precedes apoptosis during Drosophila salivary gland degradation. INSECT SCIENCE 2024; 31:157-172. [PMID: 37370257 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis is an important process for organism development that functions to eliminate cell damage, maintain homeostasis, and remove obsolete tissues during morphogenesis. In mammals, apoptosis is accompanied by the release of cytochrome C (Cyt-c) from mitochondria to the cytoplasm. However, whether this process is conserved in the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, remains controversial. In this study, we discovered that during the degradation of Drosophila salivary gland, the transcription of mitochondria apoptosis factors (MAPFs), Cyt-c, and death-associated APAF1-related killer (Dark) encoding genes are all upregulated antecedent to initiator and effector caspases encoding genes. The proteins Cyt-c and the active caspase 3 appear gradually in the cytoplasm during salivary gland degradation. Meanwhile, the Cyt-c protein colocates with mito-GFP, the marker indicating cytoplasmic mitochondria, and the change in mitochondrial membrane potential coincides with the appearance of Cyt-c in the cytoplasm. Moreover, impeding or promoting 20E-induced transcription factor E93 suppresses or enhances the staining of Cyt-c and the active caspase 3 in the cytoplasm of salivary gland, and accordingly decreases or increases the mitochondrial membrane potential, respectively. Our research provides evidence that cytoplasmic Cyt-c appears before apoptosis during Drosophila salivary gland degradation, shedding light on partial conserved mechanism in apoptosis between insects and mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihui Long
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenxin Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongyu Qiu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruohan Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiali Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lidan Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Renke Dong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fengxin Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sheng Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangmeiyuan R&D Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, South China Normal University, Meizhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Haigang Zhao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- ChemPartner PharmaTech Co., Ltd, Jiangmen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Na Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangmeiyuan R&D Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, South China Normal University, Meizhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Kang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangmeiyuan R&D Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, South China Normal University, Meizhou, Guangdong Province, China
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11
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Qi Z, Etebari K, Nouzova M, Noriega FG, Asgari S. Differential gene expression and microRNA profile in corpora allata-corpora cardiaca of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes with weak juvenile hormone signalling. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:113. [PMID: 38273232 PMCID: PMC10811912 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10007-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The corpora allata-corpora cardiaca (CA-CC) is an endocrine gland complex that regulates mosquito development and reproduction through the synthesis of juvenile hormone (JH). Epoxidase (Epox) is a key enzyme in the production of JH. We recently utilized CRISPR/Cas9 to establish an epoxidase-deficient (epox-/-) Aedes aegypti line. The CA from epox-/- mutants do not synthesize epoxidated JH III but methyl farneosate (MF), a weak agonist of the JH receptor, and therefore have reduced JH signalling. Illumina sequencing was used to examine the differences in gene expression between the CA-CC from wild type (WT) and epox-/- adult female mosquitoes. From 18,034 identified genes, 317 were significantly differentially expressed. These genes are involved in many biological processes, including the regulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis, energy metabolism, and nutritional uptake. In addition, the same CA-CC samples were also used to examine the microRNA (miRNA) profiles of epox-/- and WT mosquitoes. A total of 197 miRNAs were detected, 24 of which were differentially regulated in epox-/- mutants. miRNA binding sites for these particular miRNAs were identified using an in silico approach; they target a total of 101 differentially expressed genes. Our results suggest that a lack of epoxidase, besides affecting JH synthesis, results in the diminishing of JH signalling that have significant effects on Ae. aegypti CA-CC transcriptome profiles, as well as its miRNA repertoire.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Qi
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Kayvan Etebari
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Marcela Nouzova
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre CAS, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Fernando G Noriega
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Parasitology, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Sassan Asgari
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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12
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Yuan H, Cai P, Zhang W, Jin S, Jiang S, Xiong Y, Gong Y, Qiao H, Fu H. Identification of genes regulated by 20-Hydroxyecdysone in Macrobrachium nipponense using comparative transcriptomic analysis. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:35. [PMID: 38183039 PMCID: PMC10768235 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09927-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Macrobrachium nipponense is a freshwater prawn of economic importance in China. Its reproductive molt is crucial for seedling rearing and directly impacts the industry's economic efficiency. 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) controls various physiological behaviors in crustaceans, among which is the initiation of molt. Previous studies have shown that 20E plays a vital role in regulating molt and oviposition in M. nipponense. However, research on the molecular mechanisms underlying the reproductive molt and role of 20E in M. nipponense is still limited. RESULTS A total of 240.24 Gb of data was obtained from 18 tissue samples by transcriptome sequencing, with > 6 Gb of clean reads per sample. The efficiency of comparison with the reference transcriptome ranged from 87.05 to 92.48%. A total of 2532 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. Eighty-seven DEGs associated with molt or 20E were screened in the transcriptomes of the different tissues sampled in both the experimental and control groups. The reliability of the RNA sequencing data was confirmed using Quantitative Real-Time PCR. The expression levels of the eight strong candidate genes showed significant variation at the different stages of molt. CONCLUSION This study established the first transcriptome library for the different tissues of M. nipponense in response to 20E and demonstrated the dominant role of 20E in the molting process of this species. The discovery of a large number of 20E-regulated strong candidate DEGs further confirms the extensive regulatory role of 20E and provides a foundation for the deeper understanding of its molecular regulatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huwei Yuan
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Pengfei Cai
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Wenyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Shubo Jin
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Sufei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Yiwei Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Yongsheng Gong
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Hui Qiao
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, 214081, China.
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China.
| | - Hongtuo Fu
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, 214081, China.
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China.
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13
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Tang Y, Wu S, He H, Gao Q, Ding W, Xue J, Qiu L, Li Y. The CsmiR1579-CsKr-h1 module mediates rice stem borer development and reproduction: An effective target for transgenic insect-resistant rice. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127752. [PMID: 38287594 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
The rice stem borer (RSB, Chilo suppressalis) is a significant agricultural pest that mainly depends on chemical control. However, it has grown to varied degrees of pesticide resistance, which poses a severe threat to rice production and emphasizes the need for safer, more efficient alternative pest management strategies. Here, in vitro and in vivo experiments analyses reveal miR-1579 binds to the critical transcription factor Krüppel homologue 1 (Kr-h1) and negatively regulates its expression. Overexpression of miR-1579 in larvae with significantly lower levels of Kr-h1 was associated with a decline in larval growth and survival. Furthermore, in female pupae, miR-1579 overexpression led to abnormalities in ovarian development, suggesting that targeting miR-1579 could be a potential management strategy against C. suppressalis. Therefore, we generated transgenic rice expressing miR-1579 and screened three lines that had a single copy of highly abundant mature miR-1579 transcripts. Expectedly, fed with transgenic miR-1579 rice lines were significantly lower survival rates in larvae and high levels of resistance to damage caused by C. suppressalis infestation. These findings suggest that miRNA-mediated RNAi could provide an effective and species-specific strategy for C. suppressalis control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Tang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Shuang Wu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Hualiang He
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Qiao Gao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Wenbing Ding
- National Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; Hunan Provincial Engineering & Technology Research Center for Biopesticide and Formulation Processing, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Jin Xue
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Lin Qiu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Youzhi Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; National Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
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14
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Choi DY, Mo HH, Park Y. Different development and fecundity between Spodoptera frugiperda USA and China populations, influenced by ecdysone-related genes. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 115:e22074. [PMID: 38288488 DOI: 10.1002/arch.22074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda, is one of the most harmful plant pests in the world and is globally distributed from the American continent to the Asian region. The FAW USA population (Sf-USA) and China population (Sf-CHN), which belong to corn strain, showed different developmental periods and fecundity rates in lab conditions. Sf-USA had faster development and higher fecundity compared with Sf-CHN. To examine these differences, transcriptomic data from two FAW populations were analyzed and compared. Twelve gigabytes of transcripts were read from each sample and 21,258 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected. DEGs with log2 fold change ≥ 2 were identified and compared in two populations. In comparison to the Sf-CHN, we discovered that 3471 and 3851 individual DEGs upregulated and downregulated, respectively. Comparing transcriptome profiles for differential gene expression revealed several DEGs, including 39 of ecdysone (E)-, 25 of juvenile hormone-, and 15 of insulin-related genes. We selected six of E-related genes, such as Neverland, Shade, Ecdysone receptor, Ecdysone-inducible protein 74 (E74), E75, and E78 from DEGs. Gene expressions were suppressed by RNA interference to confirm the physiological functions of the selected genes from Sf-USA. The Sf-USA showed developmental retardation and a decrease in fecundity rate by suppression of E-related genes. These findings show that biological characteristics between Sf-USA and Sf-CHN are influenced by E-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Du-Yeol Choi
- Plant Quarantine Technology Center, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Korea
| | - Hyoung-Ho Mo
- Plant Quarantine Technology Center, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Korea
| | - Youngjin Park
- Department of Plant Medicals, Andong National University, Andong, Korea
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Zhao Z, Li L, Zeng R, Lin L, Yuan D, Wen Y, Li N, Cui Y, Zhu S, Zhang ZM, Li S, Ren C. 5mC modification orchestrates choriogenesis and fertilization by preventing prolonged ftz-f1 expression. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8234. [PMID: 38086980 PMCID: PMC10716119 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43987-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation at the fifth position of cytosine (5-methylcytosine, 5mC) is a crucial epigenetic modification for regulating gene expression, but little is known about how it regulates gene expression in insects. Here, we pursue the detailed molecular mechanism by which DNMT1-mediated 5mC maintenance regulates female reproduction in the German cockroach, Blattella germanica. Our results show that Dnmt1 knockdown decreases the level of 5mC in the ovary, upregulating numerous genes during choriogenesis, especially the transcription factor ftz-f1. The hypomethylation at the ftz-f1 promoter region increases and prolongs ftz-f1 expression in ovarian follicle cells during choriogenesis, which consequently causes aberrantly high levels of 20-hydroxyecdysone and excessively upregulates the extracellular matrix remodeling gene Mmp1. These changes further impair choriogenesis and disrupt fertilization by causing anoikis of the follicle cells, a shortage of chorion proteins, and malformation of the sponge-like bodies. This study significantly advances our understanding of how DNA 5mC modification regulates female reproduction in insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology & School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510631, China
- Guangmeiyuan R&D Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, South China Normal University, Meizhou, 514779, China
| | - Liang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology & School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Ruichen Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology & School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Liangguan Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology & School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Dongwei Yuan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology & School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Yejie Wen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology & School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Na Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology & School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
- Guangmeiyuan R&D Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, South China Normal University, Meizhou, 514779, China
| | - Yingying Cui
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology & School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Shiming Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology & School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Zhi-Min Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sheng Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology & School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510631, China.
- Guangmeiyuan R&D Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, South China Normal University, Meizhou, 514779, China.
| | - Chonghua Ren
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology & School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.
- Guangmeiyuan R&D Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, South China Normal University, Meizhou, 514779, China.
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16
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Long GY, Gong MF, Yang H, Yang XB, Zhou C, Jin DC. Buprofezin affects the molting process by regulating nuclear receptors SfHR3 and SfHR4 in Sogatella furcifera. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 197:105695. [PMID: 38072550 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear receptors play a crucial role in various signaling and metabolic pathways, such as insect molting and development. Buprofezin (2-tert-butylimino-3-isopropyl-5-phenyl-perhydro-1, 3, 5-thiadiazin-4-one), a chitin synthesis inhibitor, causes molting deformities and slow death in insects by inhibiting chitin synthesis and interfering with their metabolism. This study investigated whether buprofezin affects insect ecdysteroid signaling pathway. The treatment of buprofezin significantly suppressed the transcription levels of SfHR3 and SfHR4, two nuclear receptor genes, in third-instar nymphs of Sogatella furcifera. Meanwhile, the transcription levels of SfHR3 and SfHR4 in first-day fifth-instar nymphs were induced at 12 h after 20E treatment. In addition, the silencing of SfHR3 and SfHR4 genes in first-day fifth-instar nymphs caused severe developmental delay and molting failure, resulting in a significant reduction of survival rates at 7.36% and 2.99% on the eighth day, respectively. Further analysis showed that the silencing SfHR3 and SfHR4 significantly inhibited the transcription levels of chitin synthesis and degradation-related genes. These results indicate that buprofezin can inhibits chitin synthesis and degradation by suppressing the signal transduction of 20E through SfHR3 and SfHR4, leading to molting failure and death. This study not only expands our understanding of the molecular mechanism of buprofezin in pest control but also lays a foundation for developing new control strategies of RNAi by targeting SfHR3 and SfHR4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Yun Long
- School of Chinese Ethnic Medicine, Guizhou Minzu University, Key Laboratory of Guizhou Ethnic Medicine Resource Development and Utilization in Guizhou Minzu University, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Guiyang, China
| | - Ming-Fu Gong
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Regions, Guiyang, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Regions, Guiyang, China
| | - Xi-Bin Yang
- Plant Protection and Quarantine Station, Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, China
| | - Cao Zhou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insects, Institute of Entomology and Molecular Biology, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Dao-Chao Jin
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Regions, Guiyang, China
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17
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Zhang JJ, Xi GS. Estrogen-related receptor functions via the 20-hydroxyecdysone and IIS/TOR signaling pathways to regulate the development and morphology changes of ant Polyrhachis vicina Roger (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Gen Comp Endocrinol 2023; 344:114373. [PMID: 37657761 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2023.114373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Estrogen-related receptor (ERR) is a key regulator of insect growth, development, and metabolic processes in insects; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying its effects are not fully understood. We investigated roles of 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) and insulin/insulin-like signaling/target of rapamycin (IIS/TOR) signaling pathways in the effects of PvERR on larval development, metamorphosis, and adult growth in ant Polyrhachis vicina Roger. PvFOXO expression levels depended on caste and developmental stage. PvERR RNAi significantly reduced the expression levels of IIS/TOR signaling pathway genes and 20E signaling pathway genes in fourth-instar larvae, pupae, females, and workers and significantly increased the expression levels of IIS/TOR signaling pathway genes PvFOXO and PvAkt in males. PvFOXO RNAi resulted in developmental defects and increased mortality. After PvFOXO RNAi, the expression of PvERR, 20E signaling pathway genes, and IIS/TOR signaling pathway genes decreased significantly in pupae, females, and workers and increased significantly in fourth-instar larvae. Exogenous 20E attenuated expression changes induced by PvFOXO RNAi in a sex- and stage-specific manner. These results indicate that ERR interacts with 20E and IIS/TOR signaling pathways to regulate caste determination, metamorphosis, and male fertility in P. vicina and that correlations between PvERR and PvFOXO are caste- and stage-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan-Juan Zhang
- Department of Physical Education, Xi'an International Studies University, Shaanxi Province, Xi'an 710128, PR China; Institute of Zoology, College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Shaanxi Province, Xi'an 710119, PR China.
| | - Geng-Si Xi
- Institute of Zoology, College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Shaanxi Province, Xi'an 710119, PR China
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18
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Gong ZX, Cheng FP, Xu JN, Yan WY, Wang ZL. The Juvenile-Hormone-Responsive Factor AmKr-h1 Regulates Caste Differentiation in Honey Bees. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1657. [PMID: 38002339 PMCID: PMC10669509 DOI: 10.3390/biom13111657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Honey bees are typical model organisms for the study of caste differentiation, and the juvenile hormone (JH) is a crucial link in the regulatory network of caste differentiation in honey bees. To investigate the mechanism of JH-mediated caste differentiation, we analyzed the effect of the JH response gene AmKr-h1 on this process. We observed that AmKr-h1 expression levels were significantly higher in queen larvae than in worker larvae at the 48 h, 84 h, and 120 h larval stages, and were regulated by JH. Inhibiting AmKr-h1 expression in honey bee larvae using RNAi could lead to the development of larvae toward workers. We also analyzed the transcriptome changes in honey bee larvae after AmKr-h1 RNAi and identified 191 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 682 differentially expressed alternative splicing events (DEASEs); of these, many were related to honey bee caste differentiation. Our results indicate that AmKr-h1 regulates caste differentiation in honey bees by acting as a JH-responsive gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Xian Gong
- Honeybee Research Institute, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (Z.-X.G.); (F.-P.C.); (J.-N.X.); (W.-Y.Y.)
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Honeybee Biology and Beekeeping, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Fu-Ping Cheng
- Honeybee Research Institute, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (Z.-X.G.); (F.-P.C.); (J.-N.X.); (W.-Y.Y.)
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Honeybee Biology and Beekeeping, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Jia-Ning Xu
- Honeybee Research Institute, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (Z.-X.G.); (F.-P.C.); (J.-N.X.); (W.-Y.Y.)
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Honeybee Biology and Beekeeping, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Wei-Yu Yan
- Honeybee Research Institute, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (Z.-X.G.); (F.-P.C.); (J.-N.X.); (W.-Y.Y.)
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Honeybee Biology and Beekeeping, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Zi-Long Wang
- Honeybee Research Institute, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (Z.-X.G.); (F.-P.C.); (J.-N.X.); (W.-Y.Y.)
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Honeybee Biology and Beekeeping, Nanchang 330045, China
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19
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Lin L, Li H, Zheng Q, Hu J, Wu W. Research Progress on the Regulation of Autophagy and Apoptosis in Insects by Sterol Hormone 20-Hydroxyecdysone. INSECTS 2023; 14:871. [PMID: 37999070 PMCID: PMC10672190 DOI: 10.3390/insects14110871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
20E (20-Hydroxyecdysone) is a central steroid hormone that orchestrates developmental changes and metamorphosis in arthropods. While its molecular mechanisms have been recognized for some time, detailed elucidation has primarily emerged in the past decade. PCD (Programmed cell death), including apoptosis, necrosis, efferocytosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, and autophagy, plays a crucial role in regulated cell elimination, which is vital for cells' development and tissue homeostasis. This review summarizes recent findings on 20E signaling regulated autophagy and apoptosis in insects, including Drosophila melanogaster, Bombyx mori, Helicoverpa armigera, and other species. Firstly, we comprehensively explore the biosynthesis of the sterol hormone 20E and its subsequent signal transduction in various species. Then, we focus on the involvement of 20E in regulating autophagy and apoptosis, elucidating its roles in both developmental contexts and bacterial infection scenarios. Furthermore, our discussion unfolds as a panoramic exposition, where we delve into the fundamental questions with our findings, anchoring them within the grander scheme of our study in insects. Deepening the understanding of 20E-autophagy/apoptosis axis not only underscores the intricate tapestry of endocrine networks, but also offers fresh perspectives on the adaptive mechanisms that have evolved in the face of environmental challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luobin Lin
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Drug Candidates, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceuticals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (L.L.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Huaqin Li
- School of Health Sciences, Guangzhou Xinhua University, 19 Huamei Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510520, China;
| | - Qinzhou Zheng
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Drug Candidates, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceuticals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (L.L.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Jiaxuan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China;
| | - Wenmei Wu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Drug Candidates, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceuticals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (L.L.); (Q.Z.)
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20
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Chafino S, Salvia R, Cruz J, Martín D, Franch-Marro X. TGFß/activin-dependent activation of Torso controls the timing of the metamorphic transition in the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1010897. [PMID: 38011268 PMCID: PMC10703416 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms governing body size attainment during animal development is of paramount importance in biology. In insects, a crucial phase in determining body size occurs at the larva-pupa transition, marking the end of the larval growth period. Central to this process is the attainment of the threshold size (TS), a critical developmental checkpoint that must be reached before the larva can undergo metamorphosis. However, the intricate molecular mechanisms by which the TS orchestrates this transition remain poor understood. In this study, we investigate the role of the interaction between the Torso and TGFß/activin signaling pathways in regulating metamorphic timing in the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum. Our results show that Torso signaling is required specifically during the last larval instar and that its activation is mediated not only by the prothoracicotropic hormone (Tc-Ptth) but also by Trunk (Tc-Trk), another ligand of the Tc-Torso receptor. Interestingly, we show that while Tc-Torso activation by Tc-Ptth determines the onset of metamorphosis, Tc-Trk promotes growth during the last larval stage. In addition, we found that the expression of Tc-torso correlates with the attainment of the TS and the decay of juvenile hormone (JH) levels, at the onset of the last larval instar. Notably, our data reveal that activation of TGFß/activin signaling pathway at the TS is responsible for repressing the JH synthesis and inducing Tc-torso expression, initiating metamorphosis. Altogether, these findings shed light on the pivotal involvement of the Ptth/Trunk/Torso and TGFß/activin signaling pathways as critical regulatory components orchestrating the TS-driven metamorphic initiation, offering valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying body size determination in insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia Chafino
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (IBE, CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Roser Salvia
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (IBE, CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Josefa Cruz
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (IBE, CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - David Martín
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (IBE, CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Xavier Franch-Marro
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (IBE, CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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21
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Fan X, Gao X, Zang H, Guo S, Jing X, Zhang Y, Liu X, Zou P, Chen M, Huang Z, Chen D, Guo R. Diverse Regulatory Manners and Potential Roles of lncRNAs in the Developmental Process of Asian Honey Bee ( Apis cerana) Larval Guts. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15399. [PMID: 37895079 PMCID: PMC10607868 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are crucial modulators in a variety of biological processes, such as gene expression, development, and immune defense. However, little is known about the function of lncRNAs in the development of Asian honey bee (Apis cerana) larval guts. Here, on the basis of our previously obtained deep-sequencing data from the 4-, 5-, and 6-day-old larval guts of A. cerana workers (Ac4, Ac5, and Ac6 groups), an in-depth transcriptome-wide investigation was conducted to decipher the expression pattern, regulatory manners, and potential roles of lncRNAs during the developmental process of A. cerana worker larval guts, followed by the verification of the relative expression of differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs) and the targeting relationships within a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) axis. In the Ac4 vs. Ac5 and Ac5 vs. Ac6 comparison groups, 527 and 498 DElncRNAs were identified, respectively, which is suggestive of the dynamic expression of lncRNAs during the developmental process of larval guts. A cis-acting analysis showed that 330 and 393 neighboring genes of the aforementioned DElncRNAs were respectively involved in 29 and 32 functional terms, such as cellular processes and metabolic processes; these neighboring genes were also respectively engaged in 246 and 246 pathways such as the Hedgehog signaling pathway and the Wnt signaling pathway. Additionally, it was found that 79 and 76 DElncRNAs as potential antisense lncRNAs may, respectively, interact with 72 and 60 sense-strand mRNAs. An investigation of competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks suggested that 75 (155) DElncRNAs in the Ac4 vs. Ac5 (Ac5 vs. Ac6) comparison group could target 7 (5) DEmiRNAs and further bind to 334 (248) DEmRNAs, which can be annotated to 33 (29) functional terms and 186 (210) pathways, including 12 (16) cellular- and humoral-immune pathways (lysosome pathway, necroptosis, MAPK signaling pathway, etc.) and 11 (10) development-associated signaling pathways (Wnt, Hippo, AMPK, etc.). The RT-qPCR detection of five randomly selected DElncRNAs confirmed the reliability of the used sequencing data. Moreover, the results of a dual-luciferase reporter assay were indicative of the binding relationship between MSTRG.11294.1 and miR-6001-y and between miR-6001-y and ncbi_107992440. These results demonstrate that DElncRNAs are likely to modulate the developmental process of larval guts via the regulation of the source genes' transcription, interaction with mRNAs, and ceRNA networks. Our findings not only yield new insights into the developmental mechanism underlying A. cerana larval guts, but also provide a candidate ceRNA axis for further functional dissection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Fan
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (X.F.); (X.G.); (H.Z.); (S.G.); (X.J.); (Y.Z.); (X.L.); (P.Z.); (M.C.); (Z.H.); (D.C.)
| | - Xuze Gao
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (X.F.); (X.G.); (H.Z.); (S.G.); (X.J.); (Y.Z.); (X.L.); (P.Z.); (M.C.); (Z.H.); (D.C.)
| | - He Zang
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (X.F.); (X.G.); (H.Z.); (S.G.); (X.J.); (Y.Z.); (X.L.); (P.Z.); (M.C.); (Z.H.); (D.C.)
| | - Sijia Guo
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (X.F.); (X.G.); (H.Z.); (S.G.); (X.J.); (Y.Z.); (X.L.); (P.Z.); (M.C.); (Z.H.); (D.C.)
| | - Xin Jing
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (X.F.); (X.G.); (H.Z.); (S.G.); (X.J.); (Y.Z.); (X.L.); (P.Z.); (M.C.); (Z.H.); (D.C.)
| | - Yiqiong Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (X.F.); (X.G.); (H.Z.); (S.G.); (X.J.); (Y.Z.); (X.L.); (P.Z.); (M.C.); (Z.H.); (D.C.)
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (X.F.); (X.G.); (H.Z.); (S.G.); (X.J.); (Y.Z.); (X.L.); (P.Z.); (M.C.); (Z.H.); (D.C.)
| | - Peiyuan Zou
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (X.F.); (X.G.); (H.Z.); (S.G.); (X.J.); (Y.Z.); (X.L.); (P.Z.); (M.C.); (Z.H.); (D.C.)
| | - Mengjun Chen
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (X.F.); (X.G.); (H.Z.); (S.G.); (X.J.); (Y.Z.); (X.L.); (P.Z.); (M.C.); (Z.H.); (D.C.)
| | - Zhijian Huang
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (X.F.); (X.G.); (H.Z.); (S.G.); (X.J.); (Y.Z.); (X.L.); (P.Z.); (M.C.); (Z.H.); (D.C.)
| | - Dafu Chen
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (X.F.); (X.G.); (H.Z.); (S.G.); (X.J.); (Y.Z.); (X.L.); (P.Z.); (M.C.); (Z.H.); (D.C.)
- Apitherapy Research Institute of Fujian Province, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Rui Guo
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (X.F.); (X.G.); (H.Z.); (S.G.); (X.J.); (Y.Z.); (X.L.); (P.Z.); (M.C.); (Z.H.); (D.C.)
- Apitherapy Research Institute of Fujian Province, Fuzhou 350002, China
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22
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Salvia R, Scieuzo C, Boschi A, Pezzi M, Mistri M, Munari C, Chicca M, Vogel H, Cozzolino F, Monaco V, Monti M, Falabella P. An Overview of Ovarian Calyx Fluid Proteins of Toxoneuron nigriceps (Viereck) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae): An Integrated Transcriptomic and Proteomic Approach. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1547. [PMID: 37892230 PMCID: PMC10605793 DOI: 10.3390/biom13101547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The larval stages of the tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), are parasitized by the endophagous parasitoid wasp, Toxoneuron nigriceps (Viereck) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). During the injections of eggs, this parasitoid wasp also injects into the host body the secretion of the venom gland and the calyx fluid, which contains a polydnavirus (T. nigriceps BracoVirus: TnBV) and the Ovarian calyx fluid Proteins (OPs). The effects of the OPs on the host immune system have recently been described. In particular, it has been demonstrated that the OPs cause hemocytes to undergo a number of changes, such as cellular oxidative stress, actin cytoskeleton modifications, vacuolization, and the inhibition of hemocyte encapsulation capacity, which results in both a loss of hemocyte functionality and cell death. In this study, by using a combined transcriptomic and proteomic analysis, the main components of T. nigriceps ovarian calyx fluid proteins were identified and their possible role in the parasitic syndrome was discussed. This study provides useful information to support the analysis of the function of ovarian calyx fluid proteins, to better understand T. nigriceps parasitization success and for a more thorough understanding of the components of ovarian calyx fluid proteins and their potential function in combination with other parasitoid factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Salvia
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Via dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (R.S.); (A.B.)
- Spinoff XFlies s.r.l., University of Basilicata, Via dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Carmen Scieuzo
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Via dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (R.S.); (A.B.)
- Spinoff XFlies s.r.l., University of Basilicata, Via dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Andrea Boschi
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Via dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (R.S.); (A.B.)
| | - Marco Pezzi
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.P.); (M.M.); (C.M.)
| | - Michele Mistri
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.P.); (M.M.); (C.M.)
| | - Cristina Munari
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.P.); (M.M.); (C.M.)
| | - Milvia Chicca
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Heiko Vogel
- Department of Entomology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knoll-Straße 8, D-07745 Jena, Germany;
| | - Flora Cozzolino
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (F.C.); (V.M.)
- CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies Franco Salvatore, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Vittoria Monaco
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (F.C.); (V.M.)
- CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies Franco Salvatore, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Monti
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (F.C.); (V.M.)
- CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies Franco Salvatore, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Patrizia Falabella
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Via dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (R.S.); (A.B.)
- Spinoff XFlies s.r.l., University of Basilicata, Via dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
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23
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Ju L, Glastad KM, Sheng L, Gospocic J, Kingwell CJ, Davidson SM, Kocher SD, Bonasio R, Berger SL. Hormonal gatekeeping via the blood-brain barrier governs caste-specific behavior in ants. Cell 2023; 186:4289-4309.e23. [PMID: 37683635 PMCID: PMC10807403 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Here, we reveal an unanticipated role of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in regulating complex social behavior in ants. Using scRNA-seq, we find localization in the BBB of a key hormone-degrading enzyme called juvenile hormone esterase (Jhe), and we show that this localization governs the level of juvenile hormone (JH3) entering the brain. Manipulation of the Jhe level reprograms the brain transcriptome between ant castes. Although ant Jhe is retained and functions intracellularly within the BBB, we show that Drosophila Jhe is naturally extracellular. Heterologous expression of ant Jhe into the Drosophila BBB alters behavior in fly to mimic what is seen in ants. Most strikingly, manipulation of Jhe levels in ants reprograms complex behavior between worker castes. Our study thus uncovers a remarkable, potentially conserved role of the BBB serving as a molecular gatekeeper for a neurohormonal pathway that regulates social behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linyang Ju
- Department of Biology, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Epigenetics Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Karl M Glastad
- Epigenetics Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Lihong Sheng
- Epigenetics Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Janko Gospocic
- Epigenetics Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Urology and Institute of Neuropathology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Callum J Kingwell
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Shawn M Davidson
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Sarah D Kocher
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Lewis-Sigler Institute for Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Roberto Bonasio
- Epigenetics Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Shelley L Berger
- Department of Biology, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Epigenetics Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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24
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Wen D, Chen Z, Wen J, Jia Q. Sterol Regulation of Development and 20-Hydroxyecdysone Biosynthetic and Signaling Genes in Drosophila melanogaster. Cells 2023; 12:1739. [PMID: 37443773 PMCID: PMC10340181 DOI: 10.3390/cells12131739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Ecdysteroids are crucial in regulating the growth and development of insects. In the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, both C27 and C28 ecdysteroids have been identified. While the biosynthetic pathway of the C27 ecdysteroid 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) from cholesterol is relatively well understood, the biosynthetic pathway of C28 ecdysteroids from C28 or C29 dietary sterols remains unknown. In this study, we found that different dietary sterols (including the C27 sterols cholesterol and 7-dehydrocholesterol, the C28 sterols brassicasterol, campesterol, and ergosterol, and the C29 sterols β-sitosterol, α-spinasterol, and stigmasterol) differentially affected the expression of 20E biosynthetic genes to varying degrees, but similarly activated 20E primary response gene expression in D. melanogaster Kc cells. We also found that a single dietary sterol was sufficient to support D. melanogaster growth and development. Furthermore, the expression levels of some 20E biosynthetic genes were significantly altered, whereas the expression of 20E signaling primary response genes remained unaffected when flies were reared on lipid-depleted diets supplemented with single sterol types. Overall, our study provided preliminary clues to suggest that the same enzymatic system responsible for the classical C27 ecdysteroid 20E biosynthetic pathway also participated in the conversion of C28 and C29 dietary sterols into C28 ecdysteroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wen
- College of Biological Science and Agriculture, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, Duyun 558000, China;
| | - Zhi Chen
- College of Biological Science and Agriculture, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, Duyun 558000, China;
| | - Jiamin Wen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Development Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China;
| | - Qiangqiang Jia
- College of Biological Science and Agriculture, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, Duyun 558000, China;
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Development Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China;
- Guangmeiyuan R&D Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, South China Normal University, Meizhou 514779, China
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25
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Zhang J, Zhang W, Wei L, Zhang L, Liu J, Huang S, Li S, Yang W, Li K. E93 promotes transcription of RHG genes to initiate apoptosis during Drosophila salivary gland metamorphosis. INSECT SCIENCE 2023; 30:588-598. [PMID: 36281570 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) induced transcription factor E93 is important for larval-adult transition, which functions in programmed cell death of larval obsolete tissues, and the formation of adult new tissues. However, the apoptosis-related genes directly regulated by E93 are still ambiguous. In this study, an E93 mutation fly strain was obtained by clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats (CRISPR) / CRISPR-associated protein 9-mediated long exon deletion to investigate whether and how E93 induces apoptosis during larval tissues metamorphosis. The transcriptional profile of E93 was consistent with 3 RHG (rpr, hid, and grim) genes and the effector caspase gene drice, and all their expressions peaked at the initiation of apoptosis during the degradation of salivary glands. The transcription expression of 3 RHG genes decreased and apoptosis was blocked in E93 mutation salivary gland during metamorphosis. In contrast, E93 overexpression promoted the transcription of 3 RHG genes, and induced advanced apoptosis in the salivary gland. Moreover, E93 not only enhance the promoter activities of the 3 RHG genes in Drosophila Kc cells in vitro, but also in the salivary gland in vivo. Our results demonstrated that 20E induced E93 promotes the transcription of RHG genes to trigger apoptosis during obsolete tissues degradation at metamorphosis in Drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Wenhao Zhang
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Huaihua University, Huaihua, 418000, China
| | - Lin Wei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Lidan Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Jiali Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Shumin Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Sheng Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangmeiyuan R&D Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, South China Normal University, Meizhou, 514779, China
| | - Weike Yang
- The Sericultural and Apicultural Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Mengzi, Yunnan, 661100, China
| | - Kang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangmeiyuan R&D Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, South China Normal University, Meizhou, 514779, China
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26
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Wang R, Lin Z, Zhou L, Chen C, Yu X, Zhang J, Zou Z, Lu Z. Rho 1 participates in parasitoid wasp eggs maturation and host cellular immunity inhibition. INSECT SCIENCE 2023; 30:677-692. [PMID: 36271788 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Endoparasitoid wasps introduce venom into their host insects during the egg-laying stage. Venom proteins play various roles in the host physiology, development, immunity, and behavior manipulation and regulation. In this study, we identified a venom protein, MmRho1, a small guanine nucleotide-binding protein derived from ovary in the endoparasitoid wasp Microplitis mediator and found that knockdown of its expression by RNA interference caused down-regulation of vitellogenin and juvenile hormone, egg production, and cocoons formation in the female wasps. We demonstrated that MmRho1 entered the cotton bollworm's (host) hemocytes and suppressed cellular immune responses after parasitism using immunofluorescence staining. Furthermore, wasp MmRho1 interacted with the cotton bollworm's actin cytoskeleton rearrangement regulator diaphanous by yeast 2-hybrid and glutathione s-transferase pull-down. In conclusion, this study indicates that MmRho1 plays dual roles in wasp development and the suppression of the host insect cellular immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijuan Wang
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zhe Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lizhen Zhou
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Caihua Chen
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xianhao Yu
- Engineering Research Center of Natural Enemies, Institute of Biological Control, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Junjie Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Natural Enemies, Institute of Biological Control, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Zhen Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiqiang Lu
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
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27
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He Q, Hou T, Fan X, Wang S, Wang Y, Chen S. Juvenile hormone suppresses sensory organ precursor determination to block Drosophila adult abdomen morphogenesis. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 157:103957. [PMID: 37192726 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2023.103957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Juvenile hormone (JH) has a classic "status quo" action at both the pupal and adult molts when administrated exogenously. In Drosophila, treatment with JH at pupariation inhibits the formation of abdominal bristles, which are derived from the histoblasts. However, the mechanism via which JH exerts this effect remains poorly understood. In this study, we analyzed the effect of JH on histoblast proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Our results indicated that whereas the proliferation and migration of histoblasts remained unaffected following treatment with a JH mimic (JHM), their differentiation, particularly the specification of sensor organ precursor (SOP) cells, was inhibited. This effect was attributable to downregulated proneural genes achaete (ac) and Scute (sc) expression levels, which prevented the specification of SOP cells in proneural clusters. Moreover, Kr-h1 was found to mediate this effect of JHM. Histoblast-specific overexpression or knockdown of Kr-h1, respectively mimicked or attenuated the effects exerted by JHM on abdominal bristle formation, SOP determination, and transcriptional regulation of ac and sc. These results indicated that the defective SOP determination was responsible for the inhibition of abdominal bristle formation by JHM, which, in turn, was mainly mediated via the transducing action of Kr-h1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianyu He
- College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China.
| | - Tianlan Hou
- College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Xiaochun Fan
- College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Shunxin Wang
- College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Yanhong Wang
- College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Shanshan Chen
- College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
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28
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Yang Z, Wang K, Liu S, Li X, Wang H, Wang L, Zhang H, Yu H. Identification and functional analysis of isopentenyl pyrophosphate isomerase genes in the whiteflies Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2023; 23:16. [PMID: 37335595 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/iead041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
The juvenile hormone (JH) plays a vital role in the regulation of a number of physiological processes, including development, reproduction, and ovarian maturation. Isopentenyl pyrophosphate isomerase (IPPI) is a key enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway of JH. In this study, we identified an isopentenyl pyrophosphate isomerase protein from Bemisia tabaci and named it BtabIPPI. The open reading frame (ORF) of BtabIPPI is 768 bp and encodes a protein of 255 amino acids that contains a conserved domain of the Nudix family. The temporal and spatial expression profiles showed that BtabIPPI was highly expressed in the female adults.RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated silencing of BtabIPPI reduced JH titers and the relative expression of vitellogenin receptor (VgR) and JH signaling pathway genes, resulting in a dramatic reduction in fecundity and hatchability. These results indicate that the BtabIPPI gene plays an important role in the female fecundity of B. tabaci. This study will broaden our understanding of the function of IPPI in regulating insect reproduction and provide a theoretical basis for targeting IPPI for pest control in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifang Yang
- Department of Natural Resources, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, Henan Province, China
| | - Kui Wang
- Department of Natural Resources, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, Henan Province, China
| | - Shunxiao Liu
- Department of Natural Resources, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, Henan Province, China
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agrarian Technology and Natural Resources, Sumy National Agrarian University, Sumy 40021, Ukraine
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Natural Resources, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, Henan Province, China
| | - Hongliang Wang
- Department of Natural Resources, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, Henan Province, China
| | - Liuhao Wang
- Department of Natural Resources, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, Henan Province, China
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- Department of Natural Resources, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, Henan Province, China
| | - Hao Yu
- Department of Natural Resources, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, Henan Province, China
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29
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Zhao J, Tan Y, Jiang Y, Zhu-Salzman K, Xiao L. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated methoprene-tolerant 1 knockout results in precocious metamorphosis of beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua) only at the late larval stage. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 32:132-142. [PMID: 36371609 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Juvenile hormone (JH) controls almost every aspect of an insect, especially metamorphosis. Since RNA interference works on transcripts and is often insufficient in Lepidoptera, how JH affects larval development in these insects is not well studied. Using the CRISPR/Cas9 technique, we knocked out Spodoptera exigua methoprene-tolerant 1 (SeMet1) gene of beet armyworm by modifying two sites in the coding region. However, SeMet1 knockout did not affect egg hatch rate or larval development at L1-L3 stages. In contrast to the consistent five larval instars of the control group, L4 SeMet1 mutants began to show signs of precocious metamorphosis, that is, small patches of pupal cuticle. Most L4 and all L5 SeMet1 mutants died for failing to shed their mosaic cuticles. RNA-seq indicated that most genes encoding pupal cuticle proteins and chitinase genes were altered in SeMet1 mutant L4 larvae. SeKr-h1, a key transcription factor in JH action was significantly down-regulated in L3-L5 larvae, while SeBR-C, a pupal indicator was only upregulated in L4-L5 larvae. These results suggested that S. exigua larvae may initially develop independently of JH, and involve SeMet1 in transducing JH signalling, leading to controlled larval metamorphosis at the late larval stage. We believe our findings will enhance better understanding of JH regulation of larval development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongan Tan
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Yiping Jiang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Keyan Zhu-Salzman
- Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A & MUniversity, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Liubin Xiao
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
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30
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Zhang C, Wan B, Jin MR, Wang J, Xin TR, Zou ZW, Xia B. The loss of Halloween gene function seriously affects the development and reproduction of Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae) and increases its susceptibility to pesticides. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 191:105361. [PMID: 36963933 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The citrus industry has suffered severe losses as a result of Huanglongbing spread by Diaphorina citri. Controlling the population of D. citri is the key to preventing and controlling the spread of Huanglongbing. Ecdysteroids are key hormones that regulate insect development and reproduction. Therefore, the Halloween gene family involved in the ecdysone synthesis of D. citri is an ideal target for controlling the population growth of this insect. In this study, we successfully cloned four Halloween genes expressed during D. citri development. Silencing of one of the four genes resulted in a significant decrease in 20E titers in nymphs and significant decreases in the developmental, survival and emergence rates. Inhibiting Halloween gene expression in adults impeded the growth of the female ovary, diminished yolk formation, lowered vitellogenin transcription levels, and hence impaired female fecundity. This showed that Halloween genes were required for D. citri development and reproduction. DcCYP315A1 and DcCYP314A1 were highly expressed when D. citri was exposed to thiamethoxam and cypermethrin, and silencing these two genes made D. citri more sensitive to these two pesticides. Inhibition of DcCYP315A1 and DcCYP314A1 expression not only significantly delayed the development and reproduction of D. citri but also increased its susceptibility to pesticides. Therefore, these two genes are more suitable as potential target genes for controlling D. citri.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Bin Wan
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Meng-Ru Jin
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Tian-Rong Xin
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Zhi-Wen Zou
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Bin Xia
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China.
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31
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Li K, Liu K, Wang X, Ma M, Luo X, Chen W, Chen A, Peng Z, Zhang D. Role of nuclear receptors NlHR3 and NlFTZ-F1 in regulating molting and reproduction in Nilaparvata lugens (stål). Front Physiol 2023; 14:1123583. [PMID: 37008006 PMCID: PMC10050704 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1123583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The nuclear receptors HR3 and FTZ-F1 are highly conserved and function to regulate molting and reproduction in both hemimetabolous and holometabolous insects. However, their roles in Nilaparvata lugens are largely unknown. In the present study, we discover that NlHR3 and NlFTZ-F1 are activated in the nymph stages by ecdysone signaling. Transcription disruption of NlHR3 and NlFTZ-F1 expression prevents nymph ecdysis and metamorphosis, which leads to abnormal appearance, malformed ovaries, and lethal phenotypes. In addition, we demonstrate that NlHR3 and NlFTZ-F1 regulate molting and reproduction by interacting with the intrinsic 20E and JH signaling pathways. Our work offers a deep insight into the action mechanisms of HR3 and FTZ-F1 in insects. Moreover, NlHR3 and NlFTZ-F1 could properly be exploited as potential target genes for developing RNAi-based pesticides to control N. lugens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailong Li
- Hunan Plant Protection Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha, China
| | - Kanghong Liu
- Hunan Plant Protection Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Hunan Plant Protection Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha, China
| | - Mingyong Ma
- Hunan Plant Protection Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha, China
| | - Xiangwen Luo
- Hunan Plant Protection Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha, China
| | - Wuying Chen
- Hunan Plant Protection Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha, China
| | - Ang Chen
- Hunan Plant Protection Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha, China
| | - Zhaopu Peng
- Hunan Plant Protection Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha, China
| | - Deyong Zhang
- Hunan Plant Protection Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha, China
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32
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Wang S, Ai H, Zhang Y, Bi J, Gao H, Chen P, Li B. Functional Analysis of a Multiple-Domain CTL15 in the Innate Immunity, Eclosion, and Reproduction of Tribolium castaneum. Cells 2023; 12:cells12040608. [PMID: 36831275 PMCID: PMC9954269 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
C-type lectin X (CTL-X) plays critical roles in immune defense, cell adhesion, and developmental regulation. Here, a transmembrane CTL-X of Tribolium castaneum, TcCTL15, with multiple domains was characterized. It was highly expressed in the early and late pupae and early adults and was distributed in all examined tissues. In addition, its expression levels were significantly induced after being challenged with pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and bacteria. In vitro, the recombinant TcCTL15 could recognize bacteria through binding PAMPs and exhibit agglutinating activity against a narrow range of bacteria in the presence of Ca2+. RNAi-mediated TcCTL15-knockdown-larvae infected with Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus showed less survival, had activated immune signaling pathways, and induced the expression of antimicrobial peptide genes. Moreover, silencing TcCTL15 caused eclosion defects by impairing ecdysone and crustacean cardioactive peptide receptors (CCAPRs). Suppression of TcCTL15 in female adults led to defects in ovary development and fecundity, accompanied by concomitant reductions in the mRNA levels of vitellogenin (TcVg) and farnesol dehydrogenase (TcFDH). These findings imply that TcCTL15 has extensive functions in developmental regulation and antibacterial immunity. Uncovering the function of TcCTL15 will enrich the understanding of CTL-X in invertebrates. Its multiple biological functions endow the potential to be an attractive target for pest control.
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33
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Noncoding RNA Regulation of Hormonal and Metabolic Systems in the Fruit Fly Drosophila. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13020152. [PMID: 36837772 PMCID: PMC9967906 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13020152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The importance of RNAs is commonly recognised thanks to protein-coding RNAs, whereas non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) were conventionally regarded as 'junk'. In the last decade, ncRNAs' significance and roles are becoming noticeable in various biological activities, including those in hormonal and metabolic regulation. Among the ncRNAs: microRNA (miRNA) is a small RNA transcript with ~20 nucleotides in length; long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is an RNA transcript with >200 nucleotides; and circular RNA (circRNA) is derived from back-splicing of pre-mRNA. These ncRNAs can regulate gene expression levels at epigenetic, transcriptional, and post-transcriptional levels through various mechanisms in insects. A better understanding of these crucial regulators is essential to both basic and applied entomology. In this review, we intend to summarise and discuss the current understanding and knowledge of miRNA, lncRNA, and circRNA in the best-studied insect model, the fruit fly Drosophila.
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34
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Vasquez DDN, Pinheiro DH, Teixeira LA, Moreira-Pinto CE, Macedo LLP, Salles-Filho ALO, Silva MCM, Lourenço-Tessutti IT, Morgante CV, Silva LP, Grossi-de-Sa MF. Simultaneous silencing of juvenile hormone metabolism genes through RNAi interrupts metamorphosis in the cotton boll weevil. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1073721. [PMID: 36950526 PMCID: PMC10025338 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1073721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The cotton boll weevil (CBW) (Anthonomus grandis) is one of the major insect pests of cotton in Brazil. Currently, CBW control is mainly achieved by insecticide application, which is costly and insufficient to ensure effective crop protection. RNA interference (RNAi) has been used in gene function analysis and the development of insect control methods. However, some insect species respond poorly to RNAi, limiting the widespread application of this approach. Therefore, nanoparticles have been explored as an option to increase RNAi efficiency in recalcitrant insects. Herein, we investigated the potential of chitosan-tripolyphosphate (CS-TPP) and polyethylenimine (PEI) nanoparticles as a dsRNA carrier system to improve RNAi efficiency in the CBW. Different formulations of the nanoparticles with dsRNAs targeting genes associated with juvenile hormone metabolism, such as juvenile hormone diol kinase (JHDK), juvenile hormone epoxide hydrolase (JHEH), and methyl farnesoate hydrolase (MFE), were tested. The formulations were delivered to CBW larvae through injection (0.05-2 µg), and the expression of the target genes was evaluated using RT-qPCR. PEI nanoparticles increased targeted gene silencing compared with naked dsRNAs (up to 80%), whereas CS-TPP-dsRNA nanoparticles decreased gene silencing (0%-20%) or led to the same level of gene silencing as the naked dsRNAs (up to 50%). We next evaluated the effects of targeting a single gene or simultaneously targeting two genes via the injection of naked dsRNAs or dsRNAs complexed with PEI (500 ng) on CBW survival and phenotypes. Overall, the gene expression analysis showed that the treatments with PEI targeting either a single gene or multiple genes induced greater gene silencing than naked dsRNA (∼60%). In addition, the injection of dsJHEH/JHDK, either naked or complexed with PEI, significantly affected CBW survival (18% for PEI nanoparticles and 47% for naked dsRNA) and metamorphosis. Phenotypic alterations, such as uncompleted pupation or malformed pupae, suggested that JHEH and JHDK are involved in developmental regulation. Moreover, CBW larvae treated with dsJHEH/JHDK + PEI (1,000 ng/g) exhibited significantly lower survival rate (55%) than those that were fed the same combination of naked dsRNAs (30%). Our findings demonstrated that PEI nanoparticles can be used as an effective tool for evaluating the biological role of target genes in the CBW as they increase the RNAi response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel D. N. Vasquez
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasília, Brazil
- Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | | | - Lays A. Teixeira
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasília, Brazil
- Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
- Embrapa Café, Brasília, Brazil
| | | | - Leonardo L. P. Macedo
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasília, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology (INCT PlantStress Biotech), Embrapa, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Alvaro L. O. Salles-Filho
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasília, Brazil
- Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Maria C. M. Silva
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasília, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology (INCT PlantStress Biotech), Embrapa, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Isabela T. Lourenço-Tessutti
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasília, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology (INCT PlantStress Biotech), Embrapa, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Carolina V. Morgante
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasília, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology (INCT PlantStress Biotech), Embrapa, Brasília, Brazil
- Embrapa SemiArid, Petrolina, Brazil
| | | | - Maria F. Grossi-de-Sa
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasília, Brazil
- Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology (INCT PlantStress Biotech), Embrapa, Brasília, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Maria F. Grossi-de-Sa,
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Guirado J, Carranza-Valencia J, Morante J. Mammalian puberty: a fly perspective. FEBS J 2023; 290:359-369. [PMID: 35607827 PMCID: PMC10084137 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian puberty and Drosophila metamorphosis, despite their evolutionary distance, exhibit similar design principles and conservation of molecular components. In this Viewpoint, we review recent advances in this area and the similarities between both processes in terms of the signaling pathways and neuroendocrine circuits involved. We argue that the detection and uptake of peripheral fat by Drosophila prothoracic endocrine cells induces endomembrane remodeling and ribosomal maturation, leading to the acquisition of high biosynthetic and secretory capacity. The absence of this fat-neuroendocrine interorgan communication leads to giant, obese, non-pupating larvae. Importantly, human leptin is capable of signaling the pupariation process in Drosophila, and its expression prevents obesity and triggers maturation in mutants that do not pupate. This implies that insect metamorphosis can be used to address issues related to the biology of leptin and puberty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Guirado
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC) and Universidad Miguel Hernández (UMH), San Juan de Alicante, Spain
| | - Juan Carranza-Valencia
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC) and Universidad Miguel Hernández (UMH), San Juan de Alicante, Spain
| | - Javier Morante
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC) and Universidad Miguel Hernández (UMH), San Juan de Alicante, Spain
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36
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Li Z, Zhou C, Chen Y, Ma W, Cheng Y, Chen J, Bai Y, Luo W, Li N, Du E, Li S. Egfr signaling promotes juvenile hormone biosynthesis in the German cockroach. BMC Biol 2022; 20:278. [PMID: 36514097 PMCID: PMC9749228 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01484-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In insects, an interplay between the activities of distinct hormones, such as juvenile hormone (JH) and 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E), regulates the progression through numerous life history hallmarks. As a crucial endocrine factor, JH is mainly synthesized in the corpora allata (CA) to regulate multiple physiological and developmental processes, including molting, metamorphosis, and reproduction. During the last century, significant progress has been achieved in elucidating the JH signal transduction pathway, while less progress has been made in dissecting the regulatory mechanism of JH biosynthesis. Previous work has shown that receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling regulates hormone biosynthesis in both insects and mammals. Here, we performed a systematic RNA interference (RNAi) screening to identify RTKs involved in regulating JH biosynthesis in the CA of adult Blattella germanica females. RESULTS We found that the epidermal growth factor receptor (Egfr) is required for promoting JH biosynthesis in the CA of adult females. The Egf ligands Vein and Spitz activate Egfr, followed by Ras/Raf/ERK signaling, and finally activation of the downstream transcription factor Pointed (Pnt). Importantly, Pnt induces the transcriptional expression of two key enzyme-encoding genes in the JH biosynthesis pathway: juvenile hormone acid methyltransferase (JHAMT) and methyl farnesoate epoxidase (CYP15A1). Dual-luciferase reporter assay shows that Pnt is able to activate a promoter region of Jhamt. In addition, electrophoretic mobility shift assay confirms that Pnt directly binds to the - 941~ - 886 nt region of the Jhamt promoter. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals the detailed molecular mechanism of Egfr signaling in promoting JH biosynthesis in the German cockroach, shedding light on the intricate regulation of JH biosynthesis during insect development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxin Li
- grid.263785.d0000 0004 0368 7397Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology & School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China ,grid.20561.300000 0000 9546 5767Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China ,grid.263785.d0000 0004 0368 7397Guangmeiyuan R&D Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, South China Normal University, Meizhou, China
| | - Caisheng Zhou
- grid.263785.d0000 0004 0368 7397Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology & School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yumei Chen
- grid.263785.d0000 0004 0368 7397Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology & School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wentao Ma
- grid.263785.d0000 0004 0368 7397Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology & School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunlong Cheng
- grid.263785.d0000 0004 0368 7397Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology & School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinxin Chen
- grid.263785.d0000 0004 0368 7397Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology & School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Bai
- grid.263785.d0000 0004 0368 7397Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology & School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Luo
- grid.263785.d0000 0004 0368 7397Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology & School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Na Li
- grid.263785.d0000 0004 0368 7397Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology & School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China ,grid.263785.d0000 0004 0368 7397Guangmeiyuan R&D Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, South China Normal University, Meizhou, China
| | - Erxia Du
- grid.263785.d0000 0004 0368 7397Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology & School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China ,grid.20561.300000 0000 9546 5767Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sheng Li
- grid.263785.d0000 0004 0368 7397Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology & School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China ,grid.20561.300000 0000 9546 5767Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China ,grid.263785.d0000 0004 0368 7397Guangmeiyuan R&D Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, South China Normal University, Meizhou, China
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Zhou QH, Zhang Q, Yang RL, Yuan GR, Wang JJ, Dou W. RNAi-mediated knockdown of juvenile hormone acid O-methyltransferase disrupts larval development in the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel). PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 188:105285. [PMID: 36464328 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2022.105285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), is a notoriously agricultural pest that causes serious economic losses to fruits and vegetables. Widespread insecticide resistance in B. dorsalis is a major obstacle in successful control. Therefore, new pest control strategies, such as those targeting specific genes that can block pest development, are urgently needed. In the current study, the function of JHAMT in B. dorsalis was systematically investigated. A methyltransferase gene in B. dorsalis (BdJHAMT) that is homologous to JHAMT of Drosophila melanogaster was cloned firstly. The subsequently spatiotemporal expression analysis indicated that BdJHAMT mRNA was continuously present in the larval stage, declined sharply immediately before pupation, and then increased in the adult. Subcellular localization showed that BdJHAMT was localized in the adult corpora allata and larval intestinal wall cells. The JH III titer in B. dorsalis was closely related to the transcription level of BdJHAMT in different developmental stages. The dsBdJHAMT feeding-based RNAi resulted in a greatly decreased JH III titer that disrupted fly development. The slow growth caused by BdJHAMT silencing was partially rescued by application of the JH mimic, methoprene. These results demonstrated that BdJHAMT was crucial for JH biosynthesis and thus regulated larval development in B. dorsalis, indicating it may serve as a prospective target for the development of novel control strategies against this pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Hao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Rui-Lin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Guo-Rui Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jin-Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Wei Dou
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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Tang R, Liang J, Jing X, Liu T. Discrepancy in Sterol Usage between Two Polyphagous Caterpillars, Mythimna separata and Spodoptera frugiperda. INSECTS 2022; 13:876. [PMID: 36292826 PMCID: PMC9604351 DOI: 10.3390/insects13100876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Insects are sterol auxotrophs and typically obtain sterols from food. However, the sterol demand and metabolic capacity vary greatly among species, even for closely related species. The low survival of many insects on atypical sterols, such as cholestanol and cholestanone, raises the possibility of using sterol-modified plants to control insect herbivore pests. In this study, we evaluated two devastating migratory crop pests, Mythimna separata and Spodoptera frugiperda, in response to atypical sterols and explored the reasons that caused the divergences in sterol nutritional biology between them. Contrary to M. separata, S. frugiperda had unexpectedly high survival on cholestanone, and nearly 80% of the individuals pupated. Comparative studies, including insect response to multiple diets and larval body sterol/steroids analysis, were performed to explain their differences in cholestanone usage. Our results showed that, in comparison to M. separata, the superiority of S. frugiperda on cholestanone can be attributed to its higher efficiency of converting ketone into available stanol and its lower demand for sterols, which resulted in a better survival when cholesterol was unavailable. This research will help us to better understand insect sterol nutritional biology and the potential of using atypical sterols to control herbivorous insect pests.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xiangfeng Jing
- Correspondence: (X.J.); (T.L.); Tel.: +86-18220806257 (X.J.); +86-29-87092663 (T.L.)
| | - Tongxian Liu
- Correspondence: (X.J.); (T.L.); Tel.: +86-18220806257 (X.J.); +86-29-87092663 (T.L.)
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Yang Z, Wu Y, Yan Y, Xu G, Yu N, Liu Z. Regulation of juvenile hormone and ecdysteroid analogues on the development of the predatory spider, Pardosa pseudoannulata, and its regulatory mechanisms. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 242:113847. [PMID: 35809399 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Insecticides harm the beneficial organisms, such as predatory spiders, through direct killing or regulation of the development and reproduction. In this study, the bioassay showed that the treatment of juvenile hormone (JH) analogue fenoxycarb delayed the moulting of Pardosa pseudoannulata, a dominant predatory spider in paddy fields. In order to figure out the regulatory mechanism of fenoxycarb on the spider development, we systematically analyzed JH biosynthesis in P. pseudoannulata. All genes involved in JH biosynthesis pathway were retrieved from the genome of P. pseudoannulata, except for CYP15A1. The absence of CYP15A1 was in agreement with the identification of methyl farnesoate (MF) rather than JH III in the spider. The delayed moulting and decreased expression of JH biosynthesis-related genes in the MF-applied spiderlings supported that MF was an active JH. Fenoxycarb treatment significantly upregulated the transcriptional level of JH biosynthesis-related genes and consequently delayed the spiderling moulting. In the spider development, ecdysteroid played the opposite role, in contrast to MF, to accelerate the development, as our previous study. Here we found that the treatment of ecdysteroid analogue tebufenozide accelerated P. pseudoannulata spiderling moulting, which resulted from the expressional suppression of ecdysteroid biosynthesis-related genes. In total, the JH and ecdysteroid analogues affected the development of P. pseudoannulata by the expressional regulation of biosynthesis-related genes, which would be helpful for the evaluation of hormone analogue insecticides in environmental safety, and useful for the protection and application of P. pseudoannulate and related spider species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiming Yang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
| | - Yong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
| | - Yangyang Yan
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
| | - Guangming Xu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
| | - Na Yu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
| | - Zewen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
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40
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Gao X, Zhang J, Wu P, Shu R, Zhang H, Qin Q, Meng Q. Conceptual framework for the insect metamorphosis from larvae to pupae by transcriptomic profiling, a case study of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). BMC Genomics 2022; 23:591. [PMID: 35963998 PMCID: PMC9375380 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08807-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insect metamorphosis from larvae to pupae is one of the most important stages of insect life history. Relatively comprehensive information related to gene transcription profiles during lepidopteran metamorphosis is required to understand the molecular mechanism underlying this important stage. We conducted transcriptional profiling of the brain and fat body of the cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) during its transition from last instar larva into pupa to explore the physiological processes associated with different phases of metamorphosis. RESULTS During metamorphosis, the differences in gene expression patterns and the number of differentially expressed genes in the fat body were found to be greater than those in the brain. Each stage had a specific gene expression pattern, which contributed to different physiological changes. A decrease in juvenile hormone levels at the feeding stage is associated with increased expression levels of two genes (juvenile hormone esterase, juvenile hormone epoxide hydrolase). The expression levels of neuropeptides were highly expressed at the feeding stage and the initiation of the wandering stage and less expressed at the prepupal stage and the initiation of the pupal stage. The transcription levels of many hormone (or neuropeptide) receptors were specifically increased at the initiation of the wandering stage in comparison with other stages. The expression levels of many autophagy-related genes in the fat body were found to be gradually upregulated during metamorphosis. The activation of apoptosis was probably related to enhanced expression of many key genes (Apaf1, IAP-binding motif 1 like, cathepsins, caspases). Active proliferation might be associated with enhanced expression levels in several factors (JNK pathway: jun-D; TGF-β pathway: decapentaplegic, glass bottom boat; insulin pathway: insulin-like peptides from the fat body; Wnt pathway: wntless, TCF/Pangolin). CONCLUSIONS This study revealed several vital physiological processes and molecular events of metamorphosis and provided valuable information for illustrating the process of insect metamorphosis from larvae to pupae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jihong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peipei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ruihao Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qilian Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Jiao Z, Chen M, Jia L, Sun C, Yang L, Guo G. Ovomermis sinensis parasitism arrests midgut replacement by altering ecdysone and juvenile hormone in Helicoverpa armigera larvae. J Invertebr Pathol 2022; 194:107802. [PMID: 35931179 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2022.107802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Many entomopathogens regulate the development of their insect hosts. However, the influence of mermithid nematodes on the development of their host remains unclear. In the current study, we provide insights into how Ovomermis sinensis parasitism affects the development of Helicoverpa armigera. We observed that O. sinensis arrests host development, as evidenced by the reduced body size and failure of Helicoverpa armigera to pupate. Moreover, midgut replacement of the host was significantly blocked by parasitism. Furthermore, juvenile hormone (JHIII) titers of the host were dramatically elevated by parasitism, but JH esterase (JHE) activities were strongly inhibited. By contrast, steroid hormone (20-hydroxyecdysone, 20E) titers of the host were significantly depressed by parasitism on days 4-6. The expression profiles of hormone-related genes in the host also showed similar patterns with the hormone titer. For this reason, rescue experiments were performed by injecting 20E and JHIII into developmentally arrested hosts. Notably, the midgut replacement of the host was rescued by the injection of 20E, whereas JHIII injection resulted in negative effects. Altogether, O. sinensis arrests H. armigera midgut replacement by reducing 20E and maintaining JH, thereby causing developmental arrests. Our study is the first report of the possible mechanism of mermithid nematodes in regulating insect development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenlong Jiao
- The Key and Characteristic Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Mingming Chen
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Lina Jia
- The Key and Characteristic Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Chaoqin Sun
- The Key and Characteristic Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - LongBing Yang
- The Key and Characteristic Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Guo Guo
- The Key and Characteristic Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China; Translational Medicine Research Center, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China.
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Borovsky D, Breyssens H, Buytaert E, Peeters T, Laroye C, Stoffels K, Rougé P. Cloning and Characterization of Drosophila melanogaster Juvenile Hormone Epoxide Hydrolases (JHEH) and Their Promoters. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12070991. [PMID: 35883546 PMCID: PMC9313241 DOI: 10.3390/biom12070991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Juvenile hormone epoxide hydrolase (JHEH) plays an important role in the metabolism of JH III in insects. To study the control of JHEH in female Drosophila melanogaster, JHEH 1, 2 and 3 cDNAs were cloned and sequenced. Northern blot analyses showed that the three transcripts are expressed in the head thorax, the gut, the ovaries and the fat body of females. Molecular modeling shows that the enzyme is a homodimer that binds juvenile hormone III acid (JH IIIA) at the catalytic groove better than JH III. Analyses of the three JHEH promoters and expressing short promoter sequences behind a reporter gene (lacZ) in D. melanogaster cell culture identified a JHEH 3 promoter sequence (626 bp) that is 10- and 25-fold more active than the most active promoter sequences of JHEH 2 and JHEH 1, respectively. A transcription factor (TF) Sp1 that is involved in the activation of JHEH 3 promoter sequence was identified. Knocking down Sp1 using dsRNA inhibited the transcriptional activity of this promoter in transfected D. melanogaster cells and JH III and 20HE downregulated the JHEH 3 promoter. On the other hand, JH IIIA and farnesoic acid did not affect the promoter, indicating that JH IIIA is JHEH's preferred substrate. A transgenic D. melanogaster expressing a highly activated JHEH 3 promoter behind a lacZ reporter gene showed promoter transcriptional activity in many D. melanogaster tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dov Borovsky
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Hilde Breyssens
- Zoological Institute, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (H.B.); (E.B.); (T.P.); (C.L.); (K.S.)
| | - Esther Buytaert
- Zoological Institute, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (H.B.); (E.B.); (T.P.); (C.L.); (K.S.)
| | - Tom Peeters
- Zoological Institute, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (H.B.); (E.B.); (T.P.); (C.L.); (K.S.)
- Open BioLab Brussels, Erasmushogeschool Brussels, 1210 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Carole Laroye
- Zoological Institute, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (H.B.); (E.B.); (T.P.); (C.L.); (K.S.)
| | - Karolien Stoffels
- Zoological Institute, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (H.B.); (E.B.); (T.P.); (C.L.); (K.S.)
| | - Pierre Rougé
- Faculte des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, 31400 Tolouse, France;
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Yang L, Yao X, Liu B, Han Y, Ji R, Ju J, Zhang X, Wu S, Fang J, Sun Y. Caterpillar-Induced Rice Volatile (E)-β-Farnesene Impairs the Development and Survival of Chilo suppressalis Larvae by Disrupting Insect Hormone Balance. Front Physiol 2022; 13:904482. [PMID: 35711319 PMCID: PMC9196309 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.904482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Significant research progress has recently been made on establishing the roles of tps46 in rice defense. (E)-β-farnesene (Eβf) is a major product of tps46 activity but its physiological functions and potential mechanisms against Chilo suppressalis have not yet been clarified. In the present study, C. suppressalis larvae were artificially fed a diet containing 0.8 g/kg Eβf and the physiological performance of the larvae was evaluated. In response to Eβf treatment, the average 2nd instar duration significantly increased from 4.78 d to 6.31 d while that of the 3rd instar significantly increased from 5.70 d to 8.00 d compared with the control. There were no significant differences between the control and Eβf-fed 4th and 5th instars in terms of their durations. The mortalities of the 2nd and 3rd Eβf-fed instars were 21.00-fold and 6.39-fold higher, respectively, than that of the control. A comparative transcriptome analysis revealed that multiple differentially expressed genes are involved in insect hormone biosynthesis. An insect hormone assay on the 3rd instars disclosed that Eβf disrupted the balance between the juvenile hormone and ecdysteroid levels. Eβf treatment increased the juvenile hormones titers but not those of the ecdysteroids. The qPCR results were consistent with those of the RNA-Seq. The foregoing findings suggested that Eβf impairs development and survival in C. suppressalis larvae by disrupting their hormone balance. Moreover, Eβf altered the pathways associated with carbohydrate and xenobiotic metabolism as well as those related to cofactors and vitamins in C. suppressalis larvae. The discoveries of this study may contribute to the development and implementation of an integrated control system for C. suppressalis infestations in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Plant Protection, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaomin Yao
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Baosheng Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Plant Protection, Nanjing, China
| | - Yangchun Han
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Plant Protection, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Ji
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Plant Protection, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiafei Ju
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Plant Protection, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaona Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Plant Protection, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuwen Wu
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jichao Fang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Plant Protection, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Plant Protection, Nanjing, China.,Laboratory for Conservation and Use of Important Biological Resources of Anhui Province, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Mechanism of Major Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
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44
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He Q, Zhang Y. Kr-h1, a Cornerstone Gene in Insect Life History. Front Physiol 2022; 13:905441. [PMID: 35574485 PMCID: PMC9092015 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.905441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Insect life cycle is coordinated by hormones and their downstream effectors. Krüppel homolog1 (Kr-h1) is one of the crucial effectors which mediates the actions of the two critical hormones of insects, the juvenile hormone (JH) and 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E). It is a transcription factor with a DNA-binding motif of eight C2H2 zinc fingers which is found to be conserved among insect orders. The expression of Kr-h1 is fluctuant during insect development with high abundance in juvenile instars and lower levels in the final instar and pupal stage, and reappearance in adults, which is governed by the coordination of JH, 20E, and miRNAs. The dynamic expression pattern of Kr-h1 is closely linked to its function in the entire life of insects. Over the past several years, accumulating studies have advanced our understanding of the role of Kr-h1 during insect development. It acts as a universal antimetamorphic factor in both hemimetabolous and holometabolous species by directly inhibiting the transcription of 20E signaling genes Broad-Complex (Br-C) and Ecdysone induced protein 93F (E93), and steroidogenic enzyme genes involved in ecdysone biosynthesis. Meanwhile, it promotes vitellogenesis and ovarian development in the majority of studied insects. In addition, Kr-h1 regulates insect behavioral plasticity and caste identity, neuronal morphogenesis, maturation of sexual behavior, as well as embryogenesis and metabolic homeostasis. Hence, Kr-h1 acts as a cornerstone regulator in insect life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianyu He
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Recycling of Argo-Waste in Cold Region, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Yuanxi Zhang
- Daqing Municipal Ecology and Environment Bureau, Daqing, China
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45
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Chen SL, Liu BT, Lee WP, Liao SB, Deng YB, Wu CL, Ho SM, Shen BX, Khoo GH, Shiu WC, Chang CH, Shih HW, Wen JK, Lan TH, Lin CC, Tsai YC, Tzeng HF, Fu TF. WAKE-mediated modulation of cVA perception via a hierarchical neuro-endocrine axis in Drosophila male-male courtship behaviour. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2518. [PMID: 35523813 PMCID: PMC9076693 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30165-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The nervous and endocrine systems coordinate with each other to closely influence physiological and behavioural responses in animals. Here we show that WAKE (encoded by wide awake, also known as wake) modulates membrane levels of GABAA receptor Resistance to Dieldrin (Rdl), in insulin-producing cells of adult male Drosophila melanogaster. This results in changes to secretion of insulin-like peptides which is associated with changes in juvenile hormone biosynthesis in the corpus allatum, which in turn leads to a decrease in 20-hydroxyecdysone levels. A reduction in ecdysone signalling changes neural architecture and lowers the perception of the male-specific sex pheromone 11-cis-vaccenyl acetate by odorant receptor 67d olfactory neurons. These finding explain why WAKE-deficient in Drosophila elicits significant male-male courtship behaviour. The authors show that the Drosophila master regulator WAKE modulates the secretion of insulin-like peptides, triggering a decrease in 20-hydroxyecdysone levels. This lowers the perception of a male-specific sex pheromone and explains why WAKE-deficient Drosophila flies show male-male courtship behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiu-Ling Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chi Nan University, Nantou, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Ting Liu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chi Nan University, Nantou, Taiwan
| | - Wang-Pao Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Sin-Bo Liao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chi Nan University, Nantou, Taiwan.,Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Bang Deng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chi Nan University, Nantou, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Lin Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan.,Brain Research Center, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Shuk-Man Ho
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chi Nan University, Nantou, Taiwan
| | - Bing-Xian Shen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chi Nan University, Nantou, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Hock Khoo
- Department of Life Science and Life Science Center, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chiang Shiu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chi Nan University, Nantou, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsuan Chang
- Department of Life Science and Life Science Center, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Institute of Systems Neuroscience, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Wen Shih
- Department of Life Science and Life Science Center, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Kun Wen
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsuo-Hung Lan
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Tsaotun Psychiatric Center, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Nantou, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chien Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen Tsai
- Department of Life Science and Life Science Center, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Huey-Fen Tzeng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chi Nan University, Nantou, Taiwan.
| | - Tsai-Feng Fu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chi Nan University, Nantou, Taiwan.
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46
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Liu WT, Chen CC, Ji DD, Tu WC. The cecropin-prophenoloxidase regulatory mechanism is a cross-species physiological function in mosquitoes. iScience 2022; 25:104478. [PMID: 35712072 PMCID: PMC9194137 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
This study's aim was to investigate whether the cecropin-prophenoloxidase regulatory mechanism is a cross-species physiological function among mosquitoes. BLAST and phylogenetic analysis revealed that three mosquito cecropin Bs, namely Aedes albopictus cecropin B (Aalcec B), Armigeres subalbatus cecropin B2 (Ascec B2), and Culex quinquefasciatus cecropin B1 (Cqcec B1), play crucial roles in cuticle formation during pupal development via the regulation of prophenoloxidase 3 (PPO 3). The effects of cecropin B knockdown were rescued in a cross-species manner by injecting synthetic cecropin B peptide into pupae. Further investigations showed that these three cecropin B peptides bind to TTGG(A/C)A motifs within each of the PPO 3 DNA fragments obtained from these three mosquitoes. These results suggest that Aalcec B, Ascec B2, and Cqcec B1 each play an important role as a transcription factor in cuticle formation and that similar cecropin-prophenoloxidase regulatory mechanisms exist in multiple mosquito species. Cecropin B is able to regulate PPO 3 expression in the pupae Cecropin B binds to TTGG(A/C)A motifs within the PPO 3 DNA The knockdown of cecropin B was rescued by sequence-similar cecropin B peptides The cecropin B-prophenoloxidase 3 regulatory mechanism is conserved in mosquitoes
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47
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Okamoto N, Watanabe A. Interorgan communication through peripherally derived peptide hormones in Drosophila. Fly (Austin) 2022; 16:152-176. [PMID: 35499154 PMCID: PMC9067537 DOI: 10.1080/19336934.2022.2061834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In multicellular organisms, endocrine factors such as hormones and cytokines regulate development and homoeostasis through communication between different organs. For understanding such interorgan communications through endocrine factors, the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster serves as an excellent model system due to conservation of essential endocrine systems between flies and mammals and availability of powerful genetic tools. In Drosophila and other insects, functions of neuropeptides or peptide hormones from the central nervous system have been extensively studied. However, a series of recent studies conducted in Drosophila revealed that peptide hormones derived from peripheral tissues also play critical roles in regulating multiple biological processes, including growth, metabolism, reproduction, and behaviour. Here, we summarise recent advances in understanding target organs/tissues and functions of peripherally derived peptide hormones in Drosophila and describe how these hormones contribute to various biological events through interorgan communications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Okamoto
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Akira Watanabe
- Degree Programs in Life and Earth Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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48
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Gao Y, Chen N, Zhang X, Li EY, Luo W, Zhang J, Zhang W, Li S, Wang J, Liu S. Juvenile Hormone Membrane Signaling Enhances its Intracellular Signaling Through Phosphorylation of Met and Hsp83. Front Physiol 2022; 13:872889. [PMID: 35574494 PMCID: PMC9091338 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.872889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Juvenile hormone (JH) regulates insect development and reproduction through both intracellular and membrane signaling, and the two pathways might crosstalk with each other. Recent studies have reported that JH membrane signaling induces phosphorylation of the JH intracellular receptor Met, thus enhancing its transcriptional activity. To gain more insights into JH-induced Met phosphorylation, we here performed phosphoproteomics to identify potential phosphorylation sites of Met and its paralog Germ-cell expressed (Gce) in Drosophila Kc cells. In vitro experiments demonstrate that JH-induced phosphorylation sites in the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain, but not in the Per-Arnt-Sim-B (PAS-B) domain, are required for maximization of Met transcriptional activity. Moreover, phosphoproteomics analysis reveale that JH also induces the phosphorylation of Hsp83, a chaperone protein involved in JH-activated Met nuclear import. The JH-induced Hsp83 phosphorylation at S219 facilitates Hsp83-Met binding, thus promoting Met nuclear import and its transcription. By using proteomics, subcellular distribution, and co-immunoprecipitation approaches, we further characterized 14-3-3 proteins as negative regulators of Met nuclear import through physical interaction with Hsp83. These results show that JH membrane signaling induces phosphorylation of the key components in JH intracellular signaling, such as Met and Hsp83, and consequently facilitating JH intracellular signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nan Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangle Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Emma Y. Li
- International Department, The Affiliated High School of South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenqiang Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sheng Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangmeiyuan R&D Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, South China Normal University, Meizhou, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Suning Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangmeiyuan R&D Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, South China Normal University, Meizhou, China
- *Correspondence: Suning Liu,
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49
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Sun YY, Fu DY, Liu B, Wang LJ, Chen H. Roles of Krüppel Homolog 1 and Broad-Complex in the Development of Dendroctonus armandi (Coleoptera: Scolytinae). Front Physiol 2022; 13:865442. [PMID: 35464080 PMCID: PMC9019567 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.865442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In insects, metamorphosis is controlled by juvenile hormone (JH) and 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E). Krüppel homolog 1 (Kr-h1), a key JH-early inducible gene, is responsible for the suppression of metamorphosis and the regulation of the Broad-Complex (Br-C) gene, which is induced by 20E and functions as a “pupal specifier”. In this study, we identified and characterized the expression patterns and tissue distribution of DaKr-h1 and DaBr-C at various developmental stages of Dendroctonus armandi. The expression of the two genes was induced by JH analog (JHA) methoprene and 20E, and their functions were investigated by RNA interference. DaKr-h1 and DaBr-C were predominantly expressed in the heads of larvae and were significantly downregulated during the molting stage. In contrast, the DaKr-h1 transcript level was highest in the adult anterior midgut. DaBr-C was mainly expressed in female adults, with the highest transcript levels in the ovaries. In the larval and pupal stages, both JHA and 20E significantly induced DaKr-h1, but only 20E significantly induced DaBr-C, indicating the importance of hormones in metamorphosis. DaKr-h1 knockdown in larvae upregulated DaBr-C expression, resulting in precocious metamorphosis from larvae to pupae and the formation of miniature pupae. DaKr-h1 knockdown in pupae suppressed DaBr-C expression, increased emergence, caused abnormal morphology, and caused the formation of small-winged adults. These results suggest that DaKr-h1 is required for the metamorphosis of D. armandi. Our findings provide insight into the roles of DaKr-h1 and DaBr-C in JH-induced transcriptional repression and highlight DaKr-h1 as a potential target for metamorphosis suppression in D. armandi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ya Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Dan-Yang Fu
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Bin Liu
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Lin-Jun Wang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Hui Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Hui Chen,
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50
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Wang X, Zhou Y, Guan J, Cheng Y, Lu Y, Wei Y. FKBP39 Controls the Larval Stage JH Activity and Development in Drosophila melanogaster. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13040330. [PMID: 35447772 PMCID: PMC9030728 DOI: 10.3390/insects13040330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Two endocrine hormones, ecdysone and juvenile hormone (JH), control insect development and reproduction. Some studies in the literature have suggested that FKBP39 functions as a transcriptional factor and regulates the JH pathway in Drosophila. However, the physiological roles of FKBP39 are still elusive. To determine the FKBP39 roles in vivo, we first developed an antibody to check the FKBP39 expression pattern and then detected JH activity-related phenotypes in fkbp39 mutants, such as pupariation, reproduction, and Kr-h1 expression. We found that FKBP39 expresses at a high level and controls JH activity at the larval stage. Moreover, we found that rp49, the most widely used reference gene for Real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR), significantly decreased in the fkbp39 mutant. This work will provide valuable information for studies on JH activity and insect development. Abstract FK506-binding protein 39kD (FKBP39) localizes in the nucleus and contains multiple functional domains. Structural analysis suggests that FKBP39 might function as a transcriptional factor and control juvenile hormone (JH) activity. Here, we show that FKBP39 expresses at a high level and localizes in the nucleolus of fat body cells during the first two larval stages and early third larval stage. The fkbp39 mutant displays delayed larval-pupal transition and an increased expression of Kr-h1, the main mediator of the JH pathway, at the early third larval stage. Moreover, the fkbp39 mutant has a fertility defect that is independent of JH activity. Interestingly, the expression of rp49, the most widely used reference gene for qRT-PCR in Drosophila, significantly decreased in the fkbp39 mutant, suggesting that FKBP39 might regulate ribosome assembly. Taken together, our data demonstrate the expression pattern and physiological roles of FKBP39 in Drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Wang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (X.W.); (Y.Z.); (J.G.); (Y.C.); (Y.L.)
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (X.W.); (Y.Z.); (J.G.); (Y.C.); (Y.L.)
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jianwen Guan
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (X.W.); (Y.Z.); (J.G.); (Y.C.); (Y.L.)
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yang Cheng
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (X.W.); (Y.Z.); (J.G.); (Y.C.); (Y.L.)
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yingying Lu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (X.W.); (Y.Z.); (J.G.); (Y.C.); (Y.L.)
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Youheng Wei
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (X.W.); (Y.Z.); (J.G.); (Y.C.); (Y.L.)
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Correspondence:
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