1
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Tyukina SP, Velmiskina JA, Dmitrienko AO, Medvedev MG. Binomial Uncertainty in Molecular Dynamics-Based Reactions Analysis. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:2105-2110. [PMID: 38358803 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c03540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Molecular Dynamics-based reaction analysis is an indispensable tool for studying processes defying the transition-state theory (TST), where the product ratios do not follow energies of transition states. The main class of such processes is ambimodal reactions, which have a post-transition-state bifurcation, so that several products form via a single transition state. Multiple runs of molecular dynamics allow one to sample the space of possibilities and ultimately predict the product ratio without relying on TST; however, no techniques for estimating the reliability of the prediction were proposed so far. Here we show that dynamics runs follow the same rules as die rolls, which paves a simple way for estimating their uncertainty and, accordingly, the number of runs necessary to achieve the required accuracy. Remarkably, we find that the majority of such studies carried out in the last 5 years use far too few runs, so that the product ratios predicted in them can be off by >50% in more than 50% of cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofya P Tyukina
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospect 47, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
- National Research University Higher School of Economics, Myasnitskaya Street 20, 101000 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Julia A Velmiskina
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospect 47, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Artem O Dmitrienko
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospect 47, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/3, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Michael G Medvedev
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospect 47, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
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2
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Pu M, Nielsen CDT, Senol E, Sperger T, Schoenebeck F. Post-Transition-State Dynamic Effects in the Transmetalation of Pd(II)-F to Pd(II)-CF 3. JACS AU 2024; 4:263-275. [PMID: 38274253 PMCID: PMC10806791 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
The observation of post-transition-state dynamic effects in the context of metal-based transformation is rare. To date, there has been no reported case of a dynamic effect for the widely employed class of palladium-mediated coupling reactions. We performed an experimental and computational study of the trifluoromethylation of Pd(II)F, which is a key step in the Pd(0)/Pd(II)-catalyzed trifluoromethylation of aryl halides or acid fluorides. Our experiments show that the cis/trans speciation of the formed Pd(II)CF3 is highly solvent- and transmetalation reagent-dependent. We employed GFN2-xTB- and B3LYP-D3-based molecular dynamics trajectory calculations (with and without explicit solvation) along with high-level QM calculations and found that depending on the medium, different transmetalation mechanisms appear to be operative. A statistically representative number of Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics (MD) simulations suggest that in benzene, a difluorocarbene is generated in the transmetalation with R3SiCF3, which subsequently recombines with the Pd via two distinct pathways, leading to either the cis- or trans-Pd(II)CF3. Conversely, GFN2-xTB simulations in MeCN suggest that in polar/coordinating solvents an ion-pair mechanism is dominant. A CF3 anion is initially liberated and then rebinds with the Pd(II) cation to give a cis- or trans-Pd(II). In both scenarios, a single transmetalation transition state gives rise to both cis- and trans-species directly, owing to bifurcation after the transition state. The potential subsequent cis- to trans isomerization of the Pd(II)CF3 was also studied and found to be strongly inhibited by free phosphine, which in turn was experimentally identified to be liberated through displacement by a polar/coordinating solvent from the cis-Pd(II)CF3 complex. The simulations also revealed how the variation of the Pd-coordination sphere results in divergent product selectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoping Pu
- Institute of Organic Chemistry,
RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Erdem Senol
- Institute of Organic Chemistry,
RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Theresa Sperger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry,
RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Franziska Schoenebeck
- Institute of Organic Chemistry,
RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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3
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Soler J, Gergel S, Klaus C, Hammer SC, Garcia-Borràs M. Enzymatic Control over Reactive Intermediates Enables Direct Oxidation of Alkenes to Carbonyls by a P450 Iron-Oxo Species. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:15954-15968. [PMID: 35998887 PMCID: PMC9460782 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c02567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
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The aerobic oxidation of alkenes to carbonyls is an important
and
challenging transformation in synthesis. Recently, a new P450-based
enzyme (aMOx) has been evolved in the laboratory to directly oxidize
styrenes to their corresponding aldehydes with high activity and selectivity.
The enzyme utilizes a heme-based, high-valent iron-oxo species as
a catalytic oxidant that normally epoxidizes alkenes, similar to other
catalysts. How the evolved aMOx enzyme suppresses the commonly preferred
epoxidation and catalyzes direct carbonyl formation is currently not
well understood. Here, we combine computational modelling together
with mechanistic experiments to study the reaction mechanism and unravel
the molecular basis behind the selectivity achieved by aMOx. Our results
describe that although both pathways are energetically accessible
diverging from a common covalent radical intermediate, intrinsic dynamic effects determine the strong preference for epoxidation.
We discovered that aMOx overrides these intrinsic preferences by controlling
the accessible conformations of the covalent radical intermediate.
This disfavors epoxidation and facilitates the formation of a carbocation
intermediate that generates the aldehyde product through a fast 1,2-hydride
migration. Electrostatic preorganization of the enzyme active site
also contributes to the stabilization of the carbocation intermediate.
Computations predicted that the hydride migration is stereoselective
due to the enzymatic conformational control over the intermediate
species. These predictions were corroborated by experiments using
deuterated styrene substrates, which proved that the hydride migration
is cis- and enantioselective. Our results demonstrate
that directed evolution tailored a highly specific active site that
imposes strong steric control over key fleeting biocatalytic intermediates,
which is essential for accessing the carbonyl forming pathway and
preventing competing epoxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Soler
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Carrer Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, Girona 17003, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Sebastian Gergel
- Chair of Organic Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Cindy Klaus
- Chair of Organic Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Stephan C Hammer
- Chair of Organic Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Marc Garcia-Borràs
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Carrer Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, Girona 17003, Catalonia, Spain
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4
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Mai BK, Neris NM, Yang Y, Liu P. C-N Bond Forming Radical Rebound Is the Enantioselectivity-Determining Step in P411-Catalyzed Enantioselective C(sp 3)-H Amination: A Combined Computational and Experimental Investigation. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:11215-11225. [PMID: 35583461 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c02283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Engineered metalloenzymes represent promising catalysts for stereoselective C-H functionalization reactions. Recently, P450 enzymes have been evolved to allow for new-to-nature intramolecular C(sp3)-H amination reactions via a nitrene transfer mechanism, giving rise to diamine derivatives with excellent enantiocontrol. To shed light on the origin of enantioselectivity, a combined computational and experimental study was carried out. Hybrid quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics calculations were performed to investigate the activation energies and enantioselectivities of both the hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) and the subsequent C-N bond forming radical rebound steps. Contrary to previously hypothesized enantioinduction mechanisms, our calculations show that the radical rebound step is enantioselectivity-determining, whereas the preceding HAT step is only moderately stereoselective. Furthermore, the selectivity in the initial HAT is ablated by rapid conformational change of the radical intermediate prior to C-N bond formation. This finding is corroborated by our experimental study using a set of enantiomerically pure, monodeuterated substrates. Furthermore, classical and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations were carried out to investigate the conformational flexibility of the carbon-centered radical intermediate. This key radical species undergoes a facile conformational change in the enzyme active site from the pro-(R) to the pro-(S) configuration, whereas the radical rebound is slower due to the spin-state change and ring strain of the cyclization process, thereby allowing stereoablative C-N bond formation. Together, these studies revealed an underappreciated enantioinduction mechanism in biocatalytic C(sp3)-H functionalizations involving radical intermediates, opening up new avenues for the development of other challenging asymmetric C(sp3)-H functionalizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binh Khanh Mai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Natalia M Neris
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Biomolecular Science and Engineering (BMSE) Program, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
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5
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Lan J, Li X, Yang Y, Zhang X, Chung LW. New Insights and Predictions into Complex Homogeneous Reactions Enabled by Computational Chemistry in Synergy with Experiments: Isotopes and Mechanisms. Acc Chem Res 2022; 55:1109-1123. [PMID: 35385649 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.1c00774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Homogeneous catalysis and biocatalysis have been widely applied in synthetic, medicinal, and energy chemistry as well as synthetic biology. Driven by developments of new computational chemistry methods and better computer hardware, computational chemistry has become an essentially indispensable mechanistic "instrument" to help understand structures and decipher reaction mechanisms in catalysis. In addition, synergy between computational and experimental chemistry deepens our mechanistic understanding, which further promotes the rational design of new catalysts. In this Account, we summarize new or deeper mechanistic insights (including isotope, dispersion, and dynamical effects) into several complex homogeneous reactions from our systematic computational studies along with subsequent experimental studies by different groups. Apart from uncovering new mechanisms in some reactions, a few computational predictions (such as excited-state heavy-atom tunneling, steric-controlled enantioswitching, and a new geminal addition mechanism) based on our mechanistic insights were further verified by ensuing experiments.The Zimmerman group developed a photoinduced triplet di-π-methane rearrangement to form cyclopropane derivatives. Recently, our computational study predicted the first excited-state heavy-atom (carbon) quantum tunneling in one triplet di-π-methane rearrangement, in which the reaction rates and 12C/13C kinetic isotope effects (KIEs) can be enhanced by quantum tunneling at low temperatures. This unprecedented excited-state heavy-atom tunneling in a photoinduced reaction has recently been verified by an experimental 12C/13C KIE study by the Singleton group. Such combined computational and experimental studies should open up opportunities to discover more rare excited-state heavy-atom tunneling in other photoinduced reactions. In addition, we found unexpectedly large secondary KIE values in the five-coordinate Fe(III)-catalyzed hetero-Diels-Alder pathway, even with substantial C-C bond formation, due to the non-negligible equilibrium isotope effect (EIE) derived from altered metal coordination. Therefore, these KIE values cannot reliably reflect transition-state structures for the five-coordinate metal pathway. Furthermore, our density functional theory (DFT) quasi-classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations demonstrated that the coordination mode and/or spin state of the iron metal as well as an electric field can affect the dynamics of this reaction (e.g., the dynamically stepwise process, the entrance/exit reaction channels).Moreover, we unveiled a new reaction mechanism to account for the uncommon Ru(II)-catalyzed geminal-addition semihydrogenation and hydroboration of silyl alkynes. Our proposed key gem-Ru(II)-carbene intermediates derived from double migrations on the same alkyne carbon were verified by crossover experiments. Additionally, our DFT MD simulations suggested that the first hydrogen migration transition-state structures may directly and quickly form the key gem-Ru-carbene structures, thereby "bypassing" the second migration step. Furthermore, our extensive study revealed the origin of the enantioselectivity of the Cu(I)-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of azomethine ylides with β-substituted alkenyl bicyclic heteroarenes enabled by dual coordination of both substrates. Such mechanistic insights promoted our computational predictions of the enantioselectivity reversal for the corresponding monocyclic heteroarene substrates and the regiospecific addition to the less reactive internal C═C bond of one diene substrate. These predictions were proven by our experimental collaborators. Finally, our mechanistic insights into a few other reactions are also presented. Overall, we hope that these interactive computational and experimental studies enrich our mechanistic understanding and aid in reaction development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialing Lan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xin Li
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yuhong Yang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiaoyong Zhang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Lung Wa Chung
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China
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6
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Li B, Guan X, Yang S, Zou Y, Liu W, Houk KN. Mechanism of the Stereoselective Catalysis of Diels-Alderase PyrE3 Involved in Pyrroindomycin Biosynthesis. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:5099-5107. [PMID: 35258962 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The biosynthesis of pyrroindomycins A and B features a complexity-building [4 + 2] cycloaddition cascade, which generates the spirotetramate core under the catalytic effects of monofunctional Diels-Alderases PyrE3 and PyrI4. We recently showed that the main functions of PyrI4 include acid catalysis and induced-fit/conformational selection. We now present quantum mechanical and molecular dynamics studies implicating a different mode of action by PyrE3, which prearranges an anionic polyene substrate into a high-energy reactive conformation at which an inverse-electron-demand Diels-Alder reaction can occur with a low barrier. Stereoselection is realized by strong binding interactions at the endo stereochemical relationship and a local steric constraint on the endo-1,3-diene unit. These findings, illustrating distinct mechanisms for PyrE3 and PyrI4, highlight how nature has evolved multiple ways to catalyze Diels-Alder reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Xingyi Guan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Song Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Yike Zou
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Wen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - K N Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
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7
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Tremblay MT, Yang ZJ. The effect of zero‐point energy in simulating organic reactions with post‐transition state bifurcation. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.4322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhongyue J. Yang
- Department of Chemistry Vanderbilt University Nashville Tennessee USA
- Center for Structural Biology Vanderbilt University Nashville Tennessee USA
- Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology Vanderbilt University Nashville Tennessee USA
- Data Science Institute Vanderbilt University Nashville Tennessee USA
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8
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Jeon BS, Huang TY, Ruszczycky MW, Choi SH, Kim N, Franklin JL, Hung SC, Liu HW. Byproduct formation during the biosynthesis of spinosyn A and evidence for an enzymatic interplay to prevent its formation. Tetrahedron 2022; 103. [PMID: 35685987 DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2021.132569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Biosynthesis of spinosyn A in Saccharopolyspora spinosa involves a 1,4-dehydration followed by an intramolecular [4 + 2]-cycloaddition catalyzed by SpnM and SpnF, respectively. The cycloaddition also takes place in the absence of SpnF leading to questions regarding its mechanism of catalysis and biosynthetic role. Substrate analogs were prepared with an unactivated dienophile or an acyclic structure and found to be unreactive consistent with the importance of these features for cyclization. The SpnM-catalyzed dehydration reaction was also found to yield a byproduct corresponding to the C11 = C12 cis isomer of the SpnF substrate. This byproduct is stable both in the presence and absence of SpnF; however, relative production of the SpnM product and byproduct could be shifted in favor of the former by including SpnF or the dehydrogenase SpnJ in the reaction. This result suggests a potential interplay between the enzymes of spinosyn A biosynthesis that may help to improve the efficiency of the pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Sun Jeon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Teng-Yi Huang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128, Section 2, Academia Road, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Mark W Ruszczycky
- Division of Chemical Biology & Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Sei-Hyun Choi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Namho Kim
- Division of Chemical Biology & Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Joseph Livy Franklin
- Division of Chemical Biology & Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Shang-Cheng Hung
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128, Section 2, Academia Road, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Wen Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.,Division of Chemical Biology & Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
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9
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Zhu M, Zheng C. Post-spin crossing dynamics determine the regioselectivity in open-shell singlet biradical recombination. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01757h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Comprehensive computational studies reveal unique dynamic effects in a multi-spin-state reaction that determine the regioselectivity of a biradical recombination process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Chao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
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10
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Zhang X, Lefebvre PL, Harvey JN. Effect of solvent motions on the dynamics of the Diels-Alder reaction. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 24:1120-1130. [PMID: 34928279 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05272a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
How solvent motions affect the dynamics of chemical reactions in which the solute undergoes a substantial shape change is a fundamental but elusive issue. This work utilizes reactive simulation and Grote-Hynes theory to explore the effect of solvent motions on the dynamics of the Diels-Alder reaction (in the reverse direction, this reaction involves very substantial solute expansion) in aprotic solvents. The results reveal that the solvent environment is not sufficiently constraining to influence transition state passage dynamics, with the calculated transmission coefficients being close to unity. Even when solvent motions are suppressed or artificially slowed down, the solvent only affects the reaction dynamics in the transition state region to a very small extent. The only notable effect of solvent occurs far from the transition state region and corresponds to caging of the reactants within the reactant well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyong Zhang
- Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Pierre-Louis Lefebvre
- Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001, Leuven, Belgium. .,Quantum Theory Project, Departments of Chemistry and Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - Jeremy N Harvey
- Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001, Leuven, Belgium.
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11
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Wang X, Zhang C, Jiang Y, Wang W, Zhou Y, Chen Y, Zhang B, Tan RX, Ge HM, Yang ZJ, Liang Y. Influence of Water and Enzyme on the Post-Transition State Bifurcation of NgnD-Catalyzed Ambimodal [6+4]/[4+2] Cycloaddition. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:21003-21009. [PMID: 34851644 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c10760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The enzyme NgnD catalyzes an ambimodal cycloaddition that bifurcates to [6+4]- and [4+2]-adducts. Both products have been isolated in experiments, but it remains unknown how enzyme and water influence the bifurcation selectivity at the femtosecond time scale. Here, we study the impact of water and enzyme on the post-transition state bifurcation of NgnD-catalyzed [6+4]/[4+2] cycloaddition by integrating quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics quasiclassical dynamics simulations and biochemical assays. The ratio of [6+4]/[4+2] products significantly differs in the gas phase, water, and enzyme. Biochemical assays were employed to validate computational predictions. The study informs how water and enzyme affect the bifurcation selectivity through perturbation of the reaction dynamics in the femtosecond time scale, revealing the fundamental roles of condensed media in dynamically controlling the chemical selectivity for biosynthetic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.,Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Chun Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yaoyukun Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Wen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Functional Biomolecules, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Functional Biomolecules, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ren Xiang Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Functional Biomolecules, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hui Ming Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Functional Biomolecules, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhongyue J Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States.,Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States.,Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States.,Data Science Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Yong Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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12
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Qin ZX, Tremblay M, Hong X, Yang ZJ. Entropic Path Sampling: Computational Protocol to Evaluate Entropic Profile along a Reaction Path. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:10713-10719. [PMID: 34709848 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c03116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Fleeting intermediates constitute dynamically stepwise mechanisms. They have been characterized in molecular dynamics trajectories, but whether these intermediates form a free energy minimum to become entropic intermediates remains elusively defined. We developed a computational protocol known as entropic path sampling to evaluate the entropic variation of reacting species along a reaction path based on an ensemble of trajectories. Using cyclopentadiene dimerization as a model reaction, we observed an entropy maximum along the reaction path which originates from an enhanced conformational flexibility as the reacting species enter into a flat energy region. As the reacting species further approach product formation, unfavorable entropic restriction fails to offset the potential energy drop, resulting in no free energy minimum along the post-TS pathway. Our results show that cyclopentadiene dimerization involves an entropy maximum that leads to dynamic intermediates with elongated lifetimes, but the reaction does not involve entropic intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Xin Qin
- Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Matthew Tremblay
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Xin Hong
- Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Zhongyue J Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
- Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
- Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
- Data Science Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
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13
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Fujiyama K, Kato N, Re S, Kinugasa K, Watanabe K, Takita R, Nogawa T, Hino T, Osada H, Sugita Y, Takahashi S, Nagano S. Molecular Basis for Two Stereoselective Diels–Alderases that Produce Decalin Skeletons**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202106186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Fujiyama
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology Graduate School of Engineering Tottori University 4-101 Koyama-cho Minami Tottori 680-8552 Japan
- Current address: Dormancy and Adaptation Research Unit RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science 1-7-22 Suehiro, Tsurumi Yokohama Kanagawa 230-0045 Japan
| | - Naoki Kato
- Natural Product Biosynthesis Research Unit RIKEN Center for Sustainable Research Science 2-1 Hirosawa Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture Setsunan University 45-1 Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata Osaka 573-0101 Japan
| | - Suyong Re
- Laboratory for Biomolecular Function Simulation RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research 2-2-3 Minatojima-minami-machi, Chuo-ku Kobe Hyogo 650-0047 Japan
- Artificial Intelligence Center for Health and Biomedical Research National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health, and Nutrition 7-6-8, Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki Osaka 567-0085 Japan
| | - Kiyomi Kinugasa
- Natural Product Biosynthesis Research Unit RIKEN Center for Sustainable Research Science 2-1 Hirosawa Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Kohei Watanabe
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Ryo Takita
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Toshihiko Nogawa
- Chemical Biology Research Group RIKEN Center for Sustainable Research Science 2-1 Hirosawa Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Tomoya Hino
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology Graduate School of Engineering Tottori University 4-101 Koyama-cho Minami Tottori 680-8552 Japan
- Center for Research on Green Sustainable Chemistry Tottori University 4-101 Koyama-cho Minami Tottori 680-8552 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Osada
- Chemical Biology Research Group RIKEN Center for Sustainable Research Science 2-1 Hirosawa Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Yuji Sugita
- Laboratory for Biomolecular Function Simulation RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research 2-2-3 Minatojima-minami-machi, Chuo-ku Kobe Hyogo 650-0047 Japan
- Theoretical Molecular Science Laboratory RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research 2-1 Hirosawa Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
- Computational Biophysics Research Team RIKEN Center for Computational Science 7-1-26 Minatojima-minami-machi Chuo-ku Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047 Japan
| | - Shunji Takahashi
- Natural Product Biosynthesis Research Unit RIKEN Center for Sustainable Research Science 2-1 Hirosawa Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Shingo Nagano
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology Graduate School of Engineering Tottori University 4-101 Koyama-cho Minami Tottori 680-8552 Japan
- Center for Research on Green Sustainable Chemistry Tottori University 4-101 Koyama-cho Minami Tottori 680-8552 Japan
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14
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Fujiyama K, Kato N, Re S, Kinugasa K, Watanabe K, Takita R, Nogawa T, Hino T, Osada H, Sugita Y, Takahashi S, Nagano S. Molecular Basis for Two Stereoselective Diels-Alderases that Produce Decalin Skeletons*. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:22401-22410. [PMID: 34121297 PMCID: PMC8518865 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202106186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Enzymes catalyzing [4+2] cycloaddition have attracted increasing attention because of their key roles in natural product biosynthesis. Here, we solved the X-ray crystal structures of a pair of decalin synthases, Fsa2 and Phm7, that catalyze intramolecular [4+2] cycloadditions to form enantiomeric decalin scaffolds during biosynthesis of the HIV-1 integrase inhibitor equisetin and its stereochemical opposite, phomasetin. Computational modeling, using molecular dynamics simulations as well as quantum chemical calculations, demonstrates that the reactions proceed through synergetic conformational constraints assuring transition state-like substrates folds and their stabilization by specific protein-substrate interactions. Site-directed mutagenesis experiments verified the binding models. Intriguingly, the flexibility of bound substrates is largely different in two enzymes, suggesting the distinctive mechanism of dynamics regulation behind these stereoselective reactions. The proposed reaction mechanism herein deepens the basic understanding how these enzymes work but also provides a guiding principle to create artificial enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Fujiyama
- Department of Chemistry and BiotechnologyGraduate School of EngineeringTottori University4-101 Koyama-choMinamiTottori680-8552Japan
- Current address: Dormancy and Adaptation Research UnitRIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science1-7-22 Suehiro, TsurumiYokohamaKanagawa230-0045Japan
| | - Naoki Kato
- Natural Product Biosynthesis Research UnitRIKEN Center for Sustainable Research Science2-1 HirosawaWakoSaitama351-0198Japan
- Faculty of AgricultureSetsunan University45-1 Nagaotoge-cho, HirakataOsaka573-0101Japan
| | - Suyong Re
- Laboratory for Biomolecular Function SimulationRIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research2-2-3 Minatojima-minami-machi, Chuo-kuKobeHyogo650-0047Japan
- Artificial Intelligence Center for Health and Biomedical ResearchNational Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health, and Nutrition7-6-8, Saito-Asagi, IbarakiOsaka567-0085Japan
| | - Kiyomi Kinugasa
- Natural Product Biosynthesis Research UnitRIKEN Center for Sustainable Research Science2-1 HirosawaWakoSaitama351-0198Japan
| | - Kohei Watanabe
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesThe University of Tokyo7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-kuTokyo113-0033Japan
| | - Ryo Takita
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesThe University of Tokyo7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-kuTokyo113-0033Japan
| | - Toshihiko Nogawa
- Chemical Biology Research GroupRIKEN Center for Sustainable Research Science2-1 HirosawaWakoSaitama351-0198Japan
| | - Tomoya Hino
- Department of Chemistry and BiotechnologyGraduate School of EngineeringTottori University4-101 Koyama-choMinamiTottori680-8552Japan
- Center for Research on Green Sustainable ChemistryTottori University4-101 Koyama-choMinamiTottori680-8552Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Osada
- Chemical Biology Research GroupRIKEN Center for Sustainable Research Science2-1 HirosawaWakoSaitama351-0198Japan
| | - Yuji Sugita
- Laboratory for Biomolecular Function SimulationRIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research2-2-3 Minatojima-minami-machi, Chuo-kuKobeHyogo650-0047Japan
- Theoretical Molecular Science LaboratoryRIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research2-1 HirosawaWakoSaitama351-0198Japan
- Computational Biophysics Research TeamRIKEN Center for Computational Science7-1-26 Minatojima-minami-machiChuo-kuKobe, Hyogo650-0047Japan
| | - Shunji Takahashi
- Natural Product Biosynthesis Research UnitRIKEN Center for Sustainable Research Science2-1 HirosawaWakoSaitama351-0198Japan
| | - Shingo Nagano
- Department of Chemistry and BiotechnologyGraduate School of EngineeringTottori University4-101 Koyama-choMinamiTottori680-8552Japan
- Center for Research on Green Sustainable ChemistryTottori University4-101 Koyama-choMinamiTottori680-8552Japan
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15
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Kang H, Zheng M. Influence of the quantum mechanical region size in QM/MM modelling: A case study of fluoroacetate dehalogenase catalyzed C F bond cleavage. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2021.113399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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16
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Houk KN, Xue X, Liu F, Chen Y, Chen X, Jamieson C. Computations on Pericyclic Reactions Reveal the Richness of Ambimodal Transition States and Pericyclases. Isr J Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.202100071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. N. Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California Los Angeles CA 90095-1569 USA
| | - Xiao‐Song Xue
- Department of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Fang Liu
- College of Sciences Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing Jiangsu 210095 China
| | - Yu Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Xiangyang Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California Los Angeles CA 90095-1569 USA
| | - Cooper Jamieson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California Los Angeles CA 90095-1569 USA
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17
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Zou Y, Houk KN. Mechanisms and Dynamics of Synthetic and Biosynthetic Formation of Delitschiapyrones: Solvent Control of Ambimodal Periselectivity. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:11734-11740. [PMID: 34297552 PMCID: PMC9307257 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c05293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism and dynamics for the formation of the delitschiapyrone family of natural products are studied by density functional theory (DFT) calculations and quasiclassical molecular dynamics simulations with DFT and xTB. In the uncatalyzed reaction, delitschiapyrones A and B are formed by Diels-Alder reactions through a single transition state and a post-transition state bifurcation that favors formation of delitschiapyrone B. In water and most likely in the enzyme, the acidic hydroxyquinone ionizes, and the resulting conjugate base undergoes cycloaddition preferentially to delitschiapyrone A. We demonstrate a new type of biosynthetic transformation and variable selectivity from a (4 + 2)/(4 + 3) ambimodal transition state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yike Zou
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - K N Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
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18
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Kpante M, Wolf LM. Pathway Bifurcations in the Activation of Allylic Halides by Palladium and Their Influence on the Dynamics of η 1 and η 3 Allyl Intermediates. J Org Chem 2021; 86:9637-9650. [PMID: 34190566 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Transition-metal-catalyzed allylic substitution often exhibits complex product selectivity patterns, which have been primarily attributed to π ↔ σ ↔ π isomerization of the η1 and η3 allyl intermediates. Product selectivity may be even further complicated if η1- and η3-allyls share a single transition state (TS), leading to their formation resulting in a post-transition-state bifurcation (PTSB). In this work, density functional theory calculations using ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) have been carried out that support the presence of a PTSB in Pd-catalyzed allylic halide activation directly influencing product selectivity. The AIMD results initiated from the TS predict the η1-allyl to be favored in the gas phase and a low dielectric (ε < 2.5) for trialkylphosphines, while the selectivity shifts toward the η3-allyl in higher dielectrics. The minimum energy path is also predicted to shift in product preference, consistent with the dynamics predictions. The bifurcation in allylic chloride activation is predicted to largely favor the η3-allyl at any solvent polarity. A PTSB was also discovered to be present in Ni and Pt allylic activation but with less bifurcation. These results offer a unique view into the mechanism of metal-catalyzed allylic substitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malkaye Kpante
- Department of Chemistry, Kennedy College of Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
| | - Lawrence M Wolf
- Department of Chemistry, Kennedy College of Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
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19
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Awakawa T. Enzymatic reactions in teleocidin B biosynthesis. J Nat Med 2021; 75:467-474. [PMID: 33675456 PMCID: PMC8159823 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-021-01504-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The teleocidin B family members are terpene indole compounds isolated from Streptomyces bacteria, and they strongly activate protein kinase C (PKC). Their unique structures have attracted many researchers in the natural product chemistry and pharmacology fields, and numerous isolation and bioactivity studies have been conducted. The accumulated information has facilitated the identification of the enzymatic reactions in teleocidin biosynthesis, and new developments in structural biology have strongly aided efforts to clarify the finer points of these reactions. This review describes the recent biochemical and structural biological studies to reveal their reaction mechanisms, with a primary focus on the terpene cyclization triggered by the C-N bond formation by P450 oxygenase (TleB), the prenyltransferase (TleC), and the methyltransferase (TleD). This new knowledge will benefit future engineering studies to create unnatural PKC activators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayoshi Awakawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
- Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.
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20
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Abstract
It has been proposed that biosyntheses of many natural products involve pericyclic reactions, including Diels-Alder (DA) reaction. However, only a small set of enzymes have been proposed to catalyze pericyclic reactions. Most surprisingly, there has been no formal identification of natural enzymes that can be defined to catalyze DA reactions (DAases), despite the wide application of the reaction in chemical syntheses of complex organic compounds. However, recent studies began to accumulate a growing body of evidence that supports the notion that enzymes that formally catalyze DA reactions, in fact exist. In this review, I will begin by describing a short history behind the discovery and characterization of macrophomate synthase, one of the earliest enzymes that was proposed to catalyze an intermolecular DA reaction during the biosynthesis of a substituted benzoic acid in a phytopathogenic fungus Macrophoma commelinae. Then, I will discuss representative enzymes that have been chemically authenticated to catalyze DA reactions, with emphasis on more recent discoveries of DAases involved mainly in fungal secondary metabolite biosynthesis except for one example from a marine streptomycete. The current success in identification of a series of DAases and enzymes that catalyze other pericyclic reactions owes to the combined efforts from both the experimental and theoretical approaches in discovering natural products. Such efforts typically involve identifying the chemical features derived from cycloaddition reactions, isolating the biosynthetic genes that encode enzymes that generate such chemical features and deciphering the reaction mechanisms for the enzyme-catalyzed pericyclic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Watanabe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan.
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21
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22
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Sun Q, Huang M, Wei Y. Diversity of the reaction mechanisms of SAM-dependent enzymes. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:632-650. [PMID: 33777672 PMCID: PMC7982431 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) is ubiquitous in living organisms and is of great significance in metabolism as a cofactor of various enzymes. Methyltransferases (MTases), a major group of SAM-dependent enzymes, catalyze methyl transfer from SAM to C, O, N, and S atoms in small-molecule secondary metabolites and macromolecules, including proteins and nucleic acids. MTases have long been a hot topic in biomedical research because of their crucial role in epigenetic regulation of macromolecules and biosynthesis of natural products with prolific pharmacological moieties. However, another group of SAM-dependent enzymes, sharing similar core domains with MTases, can catalyze nonmethylation reactions and have multiple functions. Herein, we mainly describe the nonmethylation reactions of SAM-dependent enzymes in biosynthesis. First, we compare the structural and mechanistic similarities and distinctions between SAM-dependent MTases and the non-methylating SAM-dependent enzymes. Second, we summarize the reactions catalyzed by these enzymes and explore the mechanisms. Finally, we discuss the structural conservation and catalytical diversity of class I-like non-methylating SAM-dependent enzymes and propose a possibility in enzymes evolution, suggesting future perspectives for enzyme-mediated chemistry and biotechnology, which will help the development of new methods for drug synthesis.
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23
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Woltornist RA, Collum DB. Aggregation and Solvation of Sodium Hexamethyldisilazide: Across the Solvent Spectrum. J Org Chem 2021; 86:2406-2422. [PMID: 33471993 PMCID: PMC8011853 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report solution structures of sodium hexamethyldisilazide (NaHMDS) solvated by >30 standard solvents (ligands). These include: toluene, benzene, and styrene; triethylamine and related trialkylamines; pyrrolidine as a representative dialkylamine; dialkylethers including THF, tert-butylmethyl ether, and diethyl ether; dipolar ligands such as DMF, HMPA, DMSO, and DMPU; a bifunctional dipolar ligand nonamethylimidodiphosphoramide (NIPA); polyamines N,N,N',N'-tetramethylenediamine (TMEDA), N,N,N',N″,N″-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDTA), N,N,N',N'-tetramethylcyclohexanediamine (TMCDA), and 2,2'-bipyridine; polyethers 12-crown-4, 15-crown-5, 18-crown-6, and diglyme; 4,7,13,16,21,24-hexaoxa-1,10-diazabicyclo[8.8.8]hexacosane ([2.2.2] cryptand); and tris[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl]amine (TDA-1). Combinations of 1H, 13C, 15N, and 29Si NMR spectroscopies, the method of continuous variations, X-ray crystallography, and density functional theory (DFT) computations reveal ligand-modulated aggregation to give mixtures of dimers, monomers, triple ions, and ion pairs. 15N-29Si coupling constants distinguish dimers and monomers. Solvation numbers are determined by a combination of solvent titrations, observed free and bound solvent in the slow exchange limit, and DFT computations. The relative abilities of solvents to compete in binary mixtures often match that predicted by conventional wisdom but with some exceptions and evidence of both competitive and cooperative (mixed) solvation. Crystal structures of a NaHMDS cryptate ion pair and a 15-crown-5-solvated monomer are included. Results are compared with those for lithium hexamethyldisilazide, lithium diisopropylamide, and sodium diisopropylamide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan A Woltornist
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-1301, United States
| | - David B Collum
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-1301, United States
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24
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Fu Y, Bernasconi L, Liu P. Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics Simulations of the S N1/S N2 Mechanistic Continuum in Glycosylation Reactions. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:1577-1589. [PMID: 33439656 PMCID: PMC8162065 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c12096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We report a computational approach to evaluate the reaction mechanisms of glycosylation using ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations in explicit solvent. The reaction pathways are simulated via free energy calculations based on metadynamics and trajectory simulations using Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics. We applied this approach to investigate the mechanisms of the glycosylation of glucosyl α-trichloroacetimidate with three acceptors (EtOH, i-PrOH, and t-BuOH) in three solvents (ACN, DCM, and MTBE). The reactants and the solvents are treated explicitly using density functional theory. We show that the profile of the free energy surface, the synchronicity of the transition state structure, and the time gap between leaving group dissociation and nucleophile association can be used as three complementary indicators to describe the glycosylation mechanism within the SN1/SN2 continuum for a given reaction. This approach provides a reliable means to rationalize and predict reaction mechanisms and to estimate lifetimes of oxocarbenium intermediates and their dependence on the glycosyl donor, acceptor, and solvent environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Fu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Leonardo Bernasconi
- Center for Research Computing, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
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25
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Sheng X, Himo F. Mechanism of 3-Methylglutaconyl CoA Decarboxylase AibA/AibB: Pericyclic Reaction versus Direct Decarboxylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:22973-22977. [PMID: 32914510 PMCID: PMC7756340 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202008919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The enzyme 3-methylglutaconyl coenzyme A (CoA) decarboxylase (called AibA/AibB) catalyzes the decarboxylation of 3-methylglutaconyl CoA to generate 3,3-dimethylacrylyl-CoA, representing an important step in the biosynthesis of isovaleryl-coenzyme A in Myxococcus xanthus when the regular pathway is blocked. A novel mechanism involving a pericyclic transition state has previously been proposed for this enzyme, making AibA/AibB unique among decarboxylases. Herein, density functional calculations are used to examine the energetic feasibility of this mechanism. It is shown that the intramolecular pericyclic reaction is associated with a very high energy barrier that is similar to the barrier of the same reaction in the absence of the enzyme. Instead, the calculations show that a direct decarboxylation mechanism has feasible energy barriers that are in line with the experimental observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Sheng
- Department of Organic ChemistryArrhenius LaboratoryStockholm UniversitySE-10691StockholmSweden
| | - Fahmi Himo
- Department of Organic ChemistryArrhenius LaboratoryStockholm UniversitySE-10691StockholmSweden
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26
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Zou Y, Yang S, Sanders JN, Li W, Yu P, Wang H, Tang Z, Liu W, Houk KN. Computational Investigation of the Mechanism of Diels-Alderase PyrI4. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:20232-20239. [PMID: 33190496 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c10813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We studied the mechanisms of activation and stereoselectivity of a monofunctional Diels-Alderase (PyrI4)-catalyzed intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction that leads to formation of the key spiro-tetramate moiety in the biosynthesis of the pyrroindomycin family of natural products. Key activation effects of PyrI4 include acid catalysis and an induced-fit mechanism that cooperate with the unique "lid" feature of PyrI4 to stabilize the Diels-Alder transition state. PyrI4 enhances the intrinsic Diels-Alder stereoselectivity of the substrate and leads to stereospecific formation of the product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yike Zou
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Song Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Jacob N Sanders
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Peiyuan Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Hongbo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhijun Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - K N Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
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27
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Sheng X, Himo F. Mechanism of 3‐Methylglutaconyl CoA Decarboxylase AibA/AibB: Pericyclic Reaction versus Direct Decarboxylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202008919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Sheng
- Department of Organic Chemistry Arrhenius Laboratory Stockholm University SE-10691 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Fahmi Himo
- Department of Organic Chemistry Arrhenius Laboratory Stockholm University SE-10691 Stockholm Sweden
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28
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Zheng C. Divergent Pathways and Dynamic Effects of Intramolecular Hydride Transfer Reactions Mediated by Cp*M(
III
) Complexes (M = Co, Rh, Ir)
†. CHINESE J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202000253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Lu Shanghai 200032 China
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29
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Yue Y, Chen J, Bao L, Wang J, Li Y, Zhang Q. Fluoroacetate dehalogenase catalyzed dehalogenation of halogenated carboxylic acids: A QM/MM approach. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 254:126803. [PMID: 32361540 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Dehalogenation is one of the most important reactions in environmental pollution control, for instance, the degradation of persistent organic pollutants (POPs). Recently, fluoroacetate dehalogenase (FAcD) has been reported to catalyze the dehalogenation reactions, which shows great potential in treating halogenated pollutants. Here the dehalogenation mechanism catalyzed by FAcD was fully deciphered with the aid of quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics method. The results show that FAcD catalyzed dehalogenation efficiency follows the order of defluorination > dechlorination > debromination. The corresponding Boltzmann-weighted average barriers are 10.1, 19.7, and 20.9 kcal mol-1. Positive/negative correlations between activation barriers and structural parameters (e.g. distance and angle) for FAcD catalyzed dechlorination and debromination were established. Based on the structure-energy relationship, we propose that mutation of the binding pocket amino acids (e.g. His155, Trp156, Tyr219) to smaller proton donor amino acids (e.g. Serine, Threonine, Cysteine, Asparagine) may increase the efficiency for dechlorination and debromination. The results may of practical value for the efficient degradation of chlorined and bromined pollutants by harnessing FAcD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yue
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, PR China
| | - Jinfeng Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310000, PR China
| | - Lei Bao
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, PR China
| | - Junjie Wang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, PR China
| | - Yanwei Li
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, PR China.
| | - Qingzhu Zhang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, PR China
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30
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Li DD, Jiang YP, Wang ZZ, Xiao W, Zhao LG. Molecular insights into catalytic specificity of α-L-rhamnosidase from Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron by molecular docking and dynamics. Chem Phys Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2020.137695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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31
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Zhang C, Wang X, Chen Y, He Z, Yu P, Liang Y. Dynamical Trajectory Study of the Transannular [6+4] and Ambimodal Cycloaddition in the Biosynthesis of Heronamides. J Org Chem 2020; 85:9440-9445. [PMID: 32567858 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report the dynamical trajectory study of the transannular [6+4] and ambimodal cycloaddition proposed in the biosynthesis of heronamide natural products. The originally proposed bifurcation of the potential energy surface is found to strongly favor the formation of the [6+4] product, both in the gas phase and in an explicit water environment, as evidenced by our trajectory simulations. The detailed information on how the bonds are formed and how water influences the bonding dynamics was analyzed at the femtosecond time scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhili He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Peiyuan Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yong Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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32
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Feng Q, Wu H, Li X, Song L, Chung LW, Wu YD, Sun J. Ru-Catalyzed Geminal Hydroboration of Silyl Alkynes via a New gem-Addition Mechanism. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:13867-13877. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c05334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Feng
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Haonan Wu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Lab of Computational Chemistry and Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xin Li
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Lijuan Song
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Lung Wa Chung
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yun-Dong Wu
- Lab of Computational Chemistry and Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, China
- College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jianwei Sun
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, SAR, China
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Yang Y, Zhang X, Zhong LP, Lan J, Li X, Li CC, Chung LW. Unusual KIE and dynamics effects in the Fe-catalyzed hetero-Diels-Alder reaction of unactivated aldehydes and dienes. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1850. [PMID: 32296076 PMCID: PMC7160212 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15599-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hetero-Diels-Alder (HDA) reaction is an important synthetic method for many natural products. An iron(III) catalyst was developed to catalyze the challenging HDA reaction of unactivated aldehydes and dienes with high selectivity. Here we report extensive density-functional theory (DFT) calculations and molecular dynamics simulations that show effects of iron (including its coordinate mode and/or spin state) on the dynamics of this reaction: considerably enhancing dynamically stepwise process, broadening entrance channel and narrowing exit channel from concerted asynchronous transition states. Also, our combined computational and experimental secondary KIE studies reveal unexpectedly large KIE values for the five-coordinate pathway even with considerable C-C bond forming, due to equilibrium isotope effect from the change in the metal coordination. Moreover, steric and electronic effects are computationally shown to dictate the C=O chemoselectivity for an α,β-unsaturated aldehyde, which is verified experimentally. Our mechanistic study may help design homogeneous, heterogeneous and biological catalysts for this challenging reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhong Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalytic Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xiaoyong Zhang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalytic Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Li-Ping Zhong
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalytic Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jialing Lan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalytic Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xin Li
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalytic Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Chuang-Chuang Li
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalytic Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Lung Wa Chung
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalytic Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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McLeod D, Thøgersen MK, Jessen NI, Jørgensen KA, Jamieson CS, Xue XS, Houk KN, Liu F, Hoffmann R. Expanding the Frontiers of Higher-Order Cycloadditions. Acc Chem Res 2019; 52:3488-3501. [PMID: 31789016 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.9b00498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The concept of pericyclic reactions and the explanation of their specificity through orbital symmetries introduced a new way of understanding reactions and looking for new ones. One of the 1965 Woodward-Hoffmann communications described "the (as yet unobserved) symmetry-allowed 6 + 4 combination", the prediction of a new field of "higher-order" cycloadditions, involving more than six electrons. Later these authors predicted exo-stereoselectivity for the [6 + 4]-cycloaddition. Chemists rushed to test this prediction (for the most part successfully). For more than half a century, chemists have hunted for additional higher-order cycloadditions. The application of catalysis within organic chemistry allows the accomplishment of previously unattainable reactions, including higher-order cycloadditions. The many examples of [8 + 2], [6 + 4], and cycloadditions of even higher electron-counts discovered since the Woodward-Hoffmann rules were introduced illustrate the difficulty in predicting which of these transformations will occur when two highly unsaturated molecules react. Periselectivity has been a challenge, and the development of enantioselective variants has been elusive. While progress was made, the rise of organocatalysis in asymmetric synthesis has led to a surge of interest in stereoselective versions of higher-order cycloadditions. Through organocatalytic activation of conjugated cyclic polyenes and heteroaromatic compounds, asymmetric [8 + 2]-, [6 + 4]-, and [10 + 4]-cycloadditions have been realized by our groups. In this century, [6 + 4]-cycloadditions have been found also to occur in enzyme-catalyzed reactions for the biosynthesis of spinosyn A, heronamide, and streptoseomycin natural products. A whole new class of enzymes, the pericyclases that catalyze pericyclic reactions, has been discovered. A remarkable aspect of these recent developments is the cross-disciplinary research involved: from organic synthesis to computational studies integrated with experimental studies of reaction mechanisms, intermediates, and dynamics, to understanding mechanisms of enzyme catalysis and engineering of enzymes. This Account describes how our groups have been involved in the expansion of the higher-order cycloaddition frontiers. We describe both the history and recent progress in higher-order cycloadditions, and how these advances have been made by our collaborative experimental and computational studies. Progress in asymmetric organocatalysis, incorporating enantioselective higher-order cycloadditions in organic synthesis, and the stereoselective synthesis of important scaffolds will be highlighted. Experimental progress and computational modeling with density functional theory (DFT) has identified ambimodal cycloaddition pathways and led to the realization that multiple products of pericyclic reactions are linked by common transition states. Molecular dynamic simulations have provided fundamental understanding of factors controlling periselectivity and have led to discoveries of a group of enzymes, the pericyclases, which catalyze pericyclic reactions such as [6 + 4]-cycloadditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David McLeod
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Cooper S. Jamieson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Xiao-Song Xue
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - K. N. Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Fang Liu
- College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Roald Hoffmann
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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Rivilla I, Odriozola-Gimeno M, Aires A, Gimeno A, Jiménez-Barbero J, Torrent-Sucarrat M, Cortajarena AL, Cossío FP. Discovering Biomolecules with Huisgenase Activity: Designed Repeat Proteins as Biocatalysts for (3 + 2) Cycloadditions. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 142:762-776. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b06823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Iván Rivilla
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU) and Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), P° Manuel Lardizabal 3, E-20018 Donostia/San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Mikel Odriozola-Gimeno
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU) and Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), P° Manuel Lardizabal 3, E-20018 Donostia/San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Antonio Aires
- Parque Tecnológico de San Sebastián, CIC biomaGUNE, Paseo Miramón 182, 20014 Donostia/San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Ana Gimeno
- Molecular Recognition & Host−Pathogen Interactions Unit, CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 801A, 48170 Derio, Spain
| | - Jesús Jiménez-Barbero
- Molecular Recognition & Host−Pathogen Interactions Unit, CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 801A, 48170 Derio, Spain
- Department of Organic Chemistry II, Faculty of Science & Technology, University of the Basque Country, Leioa 48940, Bizkaia, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Ma Diaz de Haro 3, Bilbao 48013, Spain
| | - Miquel Torrent-Sucarrat
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU) and Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), P° Manuel Lardizabal 3, E-20018 Donostia/San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Ma Diaz de Haro 3, Bilbao 48013, Spain
| | - Aitziber L. Cortajarena
- Parque Tecnológico de San Sebastián, CIC biomaGUNE, Paseo Miramón 182, 20014 Donostia/San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Ma Diaz de Haro 3, Bilbao 48013, Spain
| | - Fernando P. Cossío
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU) and Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), P° Manuel Lardizabal 3, E-20018 Donostia/San Sebastián, Spain
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Jamieson CS, Ohashi M, Liu F, Tang Y, Houk KN. The expanding world of biosynthetic pericyclases: cooperation of experiment and theory for discovery. Nat Prod Rep 2019; 36:698-713. [PMID: 30311924 DOI: 10.1039/c8np00075a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Covering: 2000 to 2018 Pericyclic reactions are a distinct class of reactions that have wide synthetic utility. Before the recent discoveries described in this review, enzyme-catalyzed pericyclic reactions were not widely known to be involved in biosynthesis. This situation is changing rapidly. We define the scope of pericyclic reactions, give a historical account of their discoveries as biosynthetic reactions, and provide evidence that there are many enzymes in nature that catalyze pericyclic reactions. These enzymes, the "pericyclases," are the subject of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cooper S Jamieson
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles 90095, USA.
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37
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Sarkar MR, Houston SD, Savage GP, Williams CM, Krenske EH, Bell SG, De Voss JJ. Rearrangement-Free Hydroxylation of Methylcubanes by a Cytochrome P450: The Case for Dynamical Coupling of C–H Abstraction and Rebound. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:19688-19699. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b08064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Md. Raihan Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Sevan D. Houston
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - G. Paul Savage
- Ian Wark Laboratory, CSIRO Manufacturing, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Craig M. Williams
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Elizabeth H. Krenske
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Stephen G. Bell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - James J. De Voss
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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38
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Li Y, Yue Y, Zhang H, Yang Z, Wang H, Tian S, Wang JB, Zhang Q, Wang W. Harnessing fluoroacetate dehalogenase for defluorination of fluorocarboxylic acids: in silico and in vitro approach. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 131:104999. [PMID: 31319293 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.104999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Widely distributed fluorocarboxylic acids have aroused worldwide environmental concerns due to its toxicity, persistence, and bioaccumulation. Enzyme-based eco-friendly biodegradation techniques have become increasingly important in treating fluorocarboxylic acids. Here we utilized in silico and in vitro approaches to investigate the defluorination mechanism of fluoroacetate dehalogenase (FAcD) toward monofluoropropionic acids at atomic-level. The experimentally determined kcat and kM for defluorination of 2-fluoropropionic acid are 330 ± 60 min-1 and 6.12 ± 0.13 mM. The in silico results demonstrated positive/negative correlations between activation barriers and structural parameters (e.g. distance and angle) under different enzymatic conformations. We also screened computationally and tested in vitro (enzyme assay and kinetic study) the catalytic proficiency of FAcD toward polyfluoropropionic acids and perfluoropropionic acids which are known to be challenging for enzymatic degradation. The results revealed potential degradation activity of FAcD enzyme toward 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropionic acids. Our work will initiate the development of a new "integrated approach" for enzyme engineering to degrade environmentally persistent fluorocarboxylic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwei Li
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China.
| | - Yue Yue
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Hongxia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry R&D of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China; Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China
| | - Zhongyue Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Hui Wang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Shaixiao Tian
- Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry R&D of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China; Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China
| | - Jian-Bo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry R&D of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China; Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China.
| | - Qingzhu Zhang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China.
| | - Wenxing Wang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
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Yang Z, Liu F, Steeves AH, Kulik HJ. Quantum Mechanical Description of Electrostatics Provides a Unified Picture of Catalytic Action Across Methyltransferases. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:3779-3787. [PMID: 31244268 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b01555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Methyl transferases (MTases) are a well-studied class of enzymes for which competing enzymatic enhancement mechanisms have been suggested, ranging from structural methyl group CH···X hydrogen bonds (HBs) to electrostatic- and charge-transfer-driven stabilization of the transition state (TS). We identified all Class I MTases for which reasonable resolution (<2.0 Å) crystal structures could be used to form catalytically competent ternary complexes for multiscale (i.e., quantum-mechanical/molecular-mechanical or QM/MM) simulation of the SN2 methyl transfer reaction coordinate. The four Class I MTases studied have both distinct functions (e.g., protein repair or biosynthesis) and substrate nucleophiles (i.e., C, N, or O). While CH···X HBs stabilize all reactant complexes, no universal TS stabilization role is found for these interactions in MTases. A consistent picture is instead obtained through analysis of charge transfer and electrostatics, wherein much of cofactor-substrate charge separation is maintained in the TS region, and electrostatic potential is correlated with substrate nucleophilicity (i.e., intrinsic reactivity).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyue Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Adam H Steeves
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Heather J Kulik
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
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40
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Yang Z, Jamieson CS, Xue XS, Garcia-Borràs M, Benton T, Dong X, Liu F, Houk K. Mechanisms and Dynamics of Reactions Involving Entropic Intermediates. TRENDS IN CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trechm.2019.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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41
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Enzyme-catalysed [6+4] cycloadditions in the biosynthesis of natural products. Nature 2019; 568:122-126. [PMID: 30867595 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1021-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Pericyclic reactions are powerful transformations for the construction of carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bonds in organic synthesis. Their role in biosynthesis is increasingly apparent, and mechanisms by which pericyclases can catalyse reactions are of major interest1. [4+2] cycloadditions (Diels-Alder reactions) have been widely used in organic synthesis2 for the formation of six-membered rings and are now well-established in biosynthesis3-6. [6+4] and other 'higher-order' cycloadditions were predicted7 in 1965, and are now increasingly common in the laboratory despite challenges arising from the generation of a highly strained ten-membered ring system8,9. However, although enzyme-catalysed [6+4] cycloadditions have been proposed10-12, they have not been proven to occur. Here we demonstrate a group of enzymes that catalyse a pericyclic [6+4] cycloaddition, which is a crucial step in the biosynthesis of streptoseomycin-type natural products. This type of pericyclase catalyses [6+4] and [4+2] cycloadditions through a single ambimodal transition state, which is consistent with previous proposals11,12. The [6+4] product is transformed to a less stable [4+2] adduct via a facile Cope rearrangement, and the [4+2] adduct is converted into the natural product enzymatically. Crystal structures of three pericyclases, computational simulations of potential energies and molecular dynamics, and site-directed mutagenesis establish the mechanism of this transformation. This work shows how enzymes are able to catalyse concerted pericyclic reactions involving ambimodal transition states.
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42
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Lichman BR, O'Connor SE, Kries H. Biocatalytic Strategies towards [4+2] Cycloadditions. Chemistry 2019; 25:6864-6877. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201805412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin R. Lichman
- Department of Biological Chemistry; The John Innes Centre; Colney Lane Norwich UK
- Current address: Department of Biology; University of York; York YO10 5YW UK
| | - Sarah E. O'Connor
- Department of Biological Chemistry; The John Innes Centre; Colney Lane Norwich UK
| | - Hajo Kries
- Independent Junior Research Group, Biosynthetic Design of Natural Products; Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (HKI Jena); Beutenbergstr. 11a 07745 Jena Germany
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Bao L, Liu W, Li Y, Wang X, Xu F, Yang Z, Yue Y, Zuo C, Zhang Q, Wang W. Carcinogenic Metabolic Activation Process of Naphthalene by the Cytochrome P450 Enzyme 1B1: A Computational Study. Chem Res Toxicol 2019; 32:603-612. [PMID: 30794404 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.8b00297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The metabolic activation and transformation of naphthalene by the cytochrome P450 enzyme (CYP 1B1) plays an important role in its potential carcinogenicity. The process has been explored by a quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) computational method. Molecular dynamic simulations were performed to explore the interaction between naphthalene and CYP 1B1. Naphthalene involves α- and β-carbon, the electrophilic addition of which would result in different reaction pathways. Our computational results show that both additions on α- and β-carbon can generate naphthalene 1,2-oxide. The activation barrier for the addition on β-carbon is higher than that for the α-carbon by 2.6 kcal·mol-1, which is possibly caused by the proximity between β-carbon and the iron-oxo group of Cpd I in the system. We also found that naphthalene 1,2-oxide is unstable and the O-C bond cleavage easily occurs via cellular hydronium ion, hydroxyl radical/anion; then it will convert to the potential ultimate carcinogen 1,2-naphthoquinone. The results demonstrate and inform a detailed process of generating naphthalene 1,2-oxide and new predictions for its conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Bao
- Environment Research Institute , Shandong University , Qingdao 266237 , People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Liu
- Environment Research Institute , Shandong University , Qingdao 266237 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yanwei Li
- Environment Research Institute , Shandong University , Qingdao 266237 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xueyu Wang
- Environment Research Institute , Shandong University , Qingdao 266237 , People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Xu
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Shandong University , Shenzhen 518057 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongyue Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Yue Yue
- Environment Research Institute , Shandong University , Qingdao 266237 , People's Republic of China
| | - Chenpeng Zuo
- Environment Research Institute , Shandong University , Qingdao 266237 , People's Republic of China
| | - Qingzhu Zhang
- Environment Research Institute , Shandong University , Qingdao 266237 , People's Republic of China
| | - Wenxing Wang
- Environment Research Institute , Shandong University , Qingdao 266237 , People's Republic of China
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Xue XS, Jamieson CS, Garcia-Borràs M, Dong X, Yang Z, Houk KN. Ambimodal Trispericyclic Transition State and Dynamic Control of Periselectivity. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:1217-1221. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b12674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Song Xue
- State Key Laboratory
of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Cooper S. Jamieson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Marc Garcia-Borràs
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Xiaofei Dong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Zhongyue Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - K. N. Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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45
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Zhang X, Harvey JN. EVB and polarizable MM study of energy relaxation in fluorine–acetonitrile reactions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:14331-14340. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp06686h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Many-body effects can impact on rates of energy transfer from a ‘hot’ DF solute to acetonitrile solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Division of Quantum Chemistry and Physical Chemistry
- KU Leuven
- B-3001 Leuven
- Belgium
| | - Jeremy N. Harvey
- Department of Chemistry and Division of Quantum Chemistry and Physical Chemistry
- KU Leuven
- B-3001 Leuven
- Belgium
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46
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47
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Yu Y, Yang Z, Houk KN. Molecular dynamics of the intramolecular 1, 3-dipolar ene reaction of a nitrile oxide and an alkene: non-statistical behavior of a reaction involving a diradical intermediate. Mol Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2018.1549338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanmin Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Zhongyue Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - K. N. Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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48
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Ryu H, Park J, Kim HK, Park JY, Kim ST, Baik MH. Pitfalls in Computational Modeling of Chemical Reactions and How To Avoid Them. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ho Ryu
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyong Park
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Ki Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Young Park
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seoung-Tae Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Mu-Hyun Baik
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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49
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50
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Feng Y, Zhou L, Wan Q, Lin S, Guo H. Selective hydrogenation of 1,3-butadiene catalyzed by a single Pd atom anchored on graphene: the importance of dynamics. Chem Sci 2018; 9:5890-5896. [PMID: 30079202 PMCID: PMC6050543 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc00776d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The active-site structure, reaction mechanism, and product selectivity of the industrially important selective hydrogenation of 1,3-butadiene are investigated using first principles for an emerging single-atom Pd catalyst anchored on graphene. Density functional theory calculations suggest that the mono-π-adsorbed reactant undergoes sequential hydrogenation by Pd-activated H2. Importantly, the high selectivity towards 1-butene is attributed to the post-transition-state dynamics in the second hydrogenation step, which leads exclusively to the desorption of the product. This dynamical event prevails despite the existence of energetically preferred 1-butene adsorption on Pd, which would eventually lead to complete hydrogenation to butane and be thus inconsistent with experimental observations. This insight underscores the importance of dynamics in heterogeneous catalysis, which has so far been underappreciated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment , College of Chemistry , Fuzhou University , Fuzhou 350002 , China .
| | - Linsen Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , University of New Mexico , Albuquerque , New Mexico 87131 , USA .
| | - Qiang Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment , College of Chemistry , Fuzhou University , Fuzhou 350002 , China .
| | - Sen Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment , College of Chemistry , Fuzhou University , Fuzhou 350002 , China . .,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , University of New Mexico , Albuquerque , New Mexico 87131 , USA .
| | - Hua Guo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , University of New Mexico , Albuquerque , New Mexico 87131 , USA .
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