1
|
Xie Z, Nie Y, Dong M, Nie M, Tang J. Integrated physio-biochemical and transcriptomic analysis reveals the joint toxicity mechanisms of two typical antidepressants fluoxetine and sertraline on Microcystis aeruginosa. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 926:171802. [PMID: 38508265 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressants are of increasing concern worldwide due to their ubiquitous occurrence and detrimental effects on aquatic organisms. However, little is known regarding their effects on the dominant bloom-forming cyanobacterium, Microcystis aeruginosa. Here, we investigated the individual and joint effects of two typical SSRIs fluoxetine (FLX) and sertraline (SER) on M. aeruginosa at physio-biochemical and molecular levels. Results showed that FLX and SER had strong growth inhibitory effects on M. aeruginosa with the 96-h median effect concentrations (EC50s) of 362 and 225 μg/L, respectively. Besides, the mixtures showed an additive effect on microalgal growth. Meanwhile, both individual SSRIs and their mixtures can inhibit photosynthetic pigment synthesis, cause oxidative damage, destroy cell membrane, and promote microcystin-leucine-arginine (MC-LR) synthesis and release. Moreover, the mixtures enhanced the damage to photosynthesis, antioxidant system, and cell membrane and facilitated MC-LR synthesis and release compared to individuals. Furthermore, transcriptomic analysis revealed that the dysregulation of the key genes related to transport, photosystem, protein synthesis, and non-ribosomal peptide structures was the fundamental molecular mechanism underlying the physio-biochemical responses of M. aeruginosa. These findings provide a better understanding of the toxicity mechanisms of SSRIs to microalgae and their risks to aquatic ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengxin Xie
- School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yunfan Nie
- School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Mingyue Dong
- School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Meng Nie
- School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Jun Tang
- School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang S, Si L, Su X, Zhao X, An X, Li M. Growth phase-dependent reorganization of cryptophyte photosystem I antennae. Commun Biol 2024; 7:560. [PMID: 38734819 PMCID: PMC11088674 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06268-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Photosynthetic cryptophytes are eukaryotic algae that utilize membrane-embedded chlorophyll a/c binding proteins (CACs) and lumen-localized phycobiliproteins (PBPs) as their light-harvesting antennae. Cryptophytes go through logarithmic and stationary growth phases, and may adjust their light-harvesting capability according to their particular growth state. How cryptophytes change the type/arrangement of the photosynthetic antenna proteins to regulate their light-harvesting remains unknown. Here we solve four structures of cryptophyte photosystem I (PSI) bound with CACs that show the rearrangement of CACs at different growth phases. We identify a cryptophyte-unique protein, PsaQ, which harbors two chlorophyll molecules. PsaQ specifically binds to the lumenal region of PSI during logarithmic growth phase and may assist the association of PBPs with photosystems and energy transfer from PBPs to photosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shumeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules (CAS), National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Long Si
- Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules (CAS), National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodong Su
- Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules (CAS), National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuelin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules (CAS), National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomin An
- Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules (CAS), National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mei Li
- Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules (CAS), National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Nelson N. Investigating the Balance between Structural Conservation and Functional Flexibility in Photosystem I. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5073. [PMID: 38791114 PMCID: PMC11121529 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Photosynthesis, as the primary source of energy for all life forms, plays a crucial role in maintaining the global balance of energy, entropy, and enthalpy in living organisms. Among its various building blocks, photosystem I (PSI) is responsible for light-driven electron transfer, crucial for generating cellular reducing power. PSI acts as a light-driven plastocyanin-ferredoxin oxidoreductase and is situated in the thylakoid membranes of cyanobacteria and the chloroplasts of eukaryotic photosynthetic organisms. Comprehending the structure and function of the photosynthetic machinery is essential for understanding its mode of action. New insights are offered into the structure and function of PSI and its associated light-harvesting proteins, with a specific focus on the remarkable structural conservation of the core complex and high plasticity of the peripheral light-harvesting complexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Nelson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang A, Tian L, Zhu T, Li M, Sun M, Fang Y, Zhang Y, Lu C. Uncovering the photosystem I assembly pathway in land plants. NATURE PLANTS 2024; 10:645-660. [PMID: 38503963 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-024-01658-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Photosystem I (PSI) is one of two large pigment-protein complexes responsible for converting solar energy into chemical energy in all oxygenic photosynthetic organisms. The PSI supercomplex consists of the PSI core complex and peripheral light-harvesting complex I (LHCI) in eukaryotic photosynthetic organisms. However, how the PSI complex assembles in land plants is unknown. Here we describe PHOTOSYSTEM I BIOGENESIS FACTOR 8 (PBF8), a thylakoid-anchored protein in Arabidopsis thaliana that is required for PSI assembly. PBF8 regulates two key consecutive steps in this process, the building of two assembly intermediates comprising eight or nine subunits, by interacting with PSI core subunits. We identified putative PBF8 orthologues in charophytic algae and land plants but not in Cyanobacteria or Chlorophyta. Our data reveal the major PSI assembly pathway in land plants. Our findings suggest that novel assembly mechanisms evolved during plant terrestrialization to regulate PSI assembly, perhaps as a means to cope with terrestrial environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aihong Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Lin Tian
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Tong Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Mengyu Li
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Mengwei Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Ying Fang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China.
| | - Congming Lu
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhao LS, Wang N, Li K, Li CY, Guo JP, He FY, Liu GM, Chen XL, Gao J, Liu LN, Zhang YZ. Architecture of symbiotic dinoflagellate photosystem I-light-harvesting supercomplex in Symbiodinium. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2392. [PMID: 38493166 PMCID: PMC10944487 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46791-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Symbiodinium are the photosynthetic endosymbionts for corals and play a vital role in supplying their coral hosts with photosynthetic products, forming the nutritional foundation for high-yield coral reef ecosystems. Here, we determine the cryo-electron microscopy structure of Symbiodinium photosystem I (PSI) supercomplex with a PSI core composed of 13 subunits including 2 previously unidentified subunits, PsaT and PsaU, as well as 13 peridinin-Chl a/c-binding light-harvesting antenna proteins (AcpPCIs). The PSI-AcpPCI supercomplex exhibits distinctive structural features compared to their red lineage counterparts, including extended termini of PsaD/E/I/J/L/M/R and AcpPCI-1/3/5/7/8/11 subunits, conformational changes in the surface loops of PsaA and PsaB subunits, facilitating the association between the PSI core and peripheral antennae. Structural analysis and computational calculation of excitation energy transfer rates unravel specific pigment networks in Symbiodinium PSI-AcpPCI for efficient excitation energy transfer. Overall, this study provides a structural basis for deciphering the mechanisms governing light harvesting and energy transfer in Symbiodinium PSI-AcpPCI supercomplexes adapted to their symbiotic ecosystem, as well as insights into the evolutionary diversity of PSI-LHCI among various photosynthetic organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Long-Sheng Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System & College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
- Marine Biotechnology Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Ning Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System & College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Kang Li
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Chun-Yang Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System & College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Jian-Ping Guo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Fei-Yu He
- Marine Biotechnology Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Gui-Ming Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, 100097, Beijing, China
| | - Xiu-Lan Chen
- Marine Biotechnology Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Jun Gao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Lu-Ning Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System & College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK.
| | - Yu-Zhong Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System & College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
- Marine Biotechnology Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, 266237, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kato K, Hamaguchi T, Kumazawa M, Nakajima Y, Ifuku K, Hirooka S, Hirose Y, Miyagishima SY, Suzuki T, Kawakami K, Dohmae N, Yonekura K, Shen JR, Nagao R. The structure of PSI-LHCI from Cyanidium caldarium provides evolutionary insights into conservation and diversity of red-lineage LHCs. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2319658121. [PMID: 38442179 PMCID: PMC10945839 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2319658121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Light-harvesting complexes (LHCs) are diversified among photosynthetic organisms, and the structure of the photosystem I-LHC (PSI-LHCI) supercomplex has been shown to be variable depending on the species of organisms. However, the structural and evolutionary correlations of red-lineage LHCs are unknown. Here, we determined a 1.92-Å resolution cryoelectron microscopic structure of a PSI-LHCI supercomplex isolated from the red alga Cyanidium caldarium RK-1 (NIES-2137), which is an important taxon in the Cyanidiophyceae. We subsequently investigated the correlations of PSI-LHCIs from different organisms through structural comparisons and phylogenetic analysis. The PSI-LHCI structure obtained shows five LHCI subunits surrounding a PSI-monomer core. The five LHCIs are composed of two Lhcr1s, two Lhcr2s, and one Lhcr3. Phylogenetic analysis of LHCs bound to PSI in the red-lineage algae showed clear orthology of LHCs between C. caldarium and Cyanidioschyzon merolae, whereas no orthologous relationships were found between C. caldarium Lhcr1-3 and LHCs in other red-lineage PSI-LHCI structures. These findings provide evolutionary insights into conservation and diversity of red-lineage LHCs associated with PSI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Koji Kato
- Division of Photosynthesis and Structural Biology, Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, and Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama700-8530, Japan
| | - Tasuku Hamaguchi
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Miyagi980-8577, Japan
- Biostructural Mechanism Laboratory, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Hyogo679-5148, Japan
| | - Minoru Kumazawa
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto606-8502, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Nakajima
- Division of Photosynthesis and Structural Biology, Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, and Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama700-8530, Japan
| | - Kentaro Ifuku
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto606-8502, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Hirooka
- Department of Gene Function and Phenomics, National Institute of Genetics, Shizuoka411-8540, Japan
| | - Yuu Hirose
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Life Science, Toyohashi University of Technology, Aichi441-8580, Japan
| | - Shin-ya Miyagishima
- Department of Gene Function and Phenomics, National Institute of Genetics, Shizuoka411-8540, Japan
- Department of Genetics, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Shizuoka411-8540, Japan
| | - Takehiro Suzuki
- Biomolecular Characterization Unit, Technology Platform Division, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Saitama351-0198, Japan
| | - Keisuke Kawakami
- Biostructural Mechanism Laboratory, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Hyogo679-5148, Japan
| | - Naoshi Dohmae
- Biomolecular Characterization Unit, Technology Platform Division, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Saitama351-0198, Japan
| | - Koji Yonekura
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Miyagi980-8577, Japan
- Biostructural Mechanism Laboratory, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Hyogo679-5148, Japan
| | - Jian-Ren Shen
- Division of Photosynthesis and Structural Biology, Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, and Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama700-8530, Japan
| | - Ryo Nagao
- Department of Applied Life Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka422-8529, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tang S, Liu Y, Zhu J, Cheng X, Liu L, Hammerschmidt K, Zhou J, Cai Z. Bet hedging in a unicellular microalga. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2063. [PMID: 38453919 PMCID: PMC10920660 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46297-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding how organisms have adapted to persist in unpredictable environments is a fundamental goal in biology. Bet hedging, an evolutionary adaptation observed from microbes to humans, facilitates reproduction and population persistence in randomly fluctuating environments. Despite its prevalence, empirical evidence in microalgae, crucial primary producers and carbon sinks, is lacking. Here, we report a bet-hedging strategy in the unicellular microalga Haematococcus pluvialis. We show that isogenic populations reversibly diversify into heterophenotypic mobile and non-mobile cells independently of environmental conditions, likely driven by stochastic gene expression. Mobile cells grow faster but are stress-sensitive, while non-mobile cells prioritise stress resistance over growth. This is due to shifts from growth-promoting activities (cell division, photosynthesis) to resilience-promoting processes (thickened cell wall, cell enlargement, aggregation, accumulation of antioxidant and energy-storing compounds). Our results provide empirical evidence for bet hedging in a microalga, indicating the potential for adaptation to current and future environmental conditions and consequently conservation of ecosystem functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Si Tang
- Shenzhen Public Platform for Screening and Application of Marine Microbial Resources, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Yaqing Liu
- Shenzhen Public Platform for Screening and Application of Marine Microbial Resources, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Jianming Zhu
- Shenzhen Public Platform for Screening and Application of Marine Microbial Resources, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Xueyu Cheng
- Shenzhen Public Platform for Screening and Application of Marine Microbial Resources, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Lu Liu
- Shenzhen Public Platform for Screening and Application of Marine Microbial Resources, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | | | - Jin Zhou
- Shenzhen Public Platform for Screening and Application of Marine Microbial Resources, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong Province, PR China.
| | - Zhonghua Cai
- Shenzhen Public Platform for Screening and Application of Marine Microbial Resources, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong Province, PR China.
- Technology Innovation Center for Marine Ecology and Human Factor Assessment of Natural Resources Ministry, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong Province, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Shen L, Gao Y, Tang K, Qi R, Fu L, Chen JH, Wang W, Ma X, Li P, Chen M, Kuang T, Zhang X, Shen JR, Wang P, Han G. Structure of a unique PSII-Pcb tetrameric megacomplex in a chlorophyll d-containing cyanobacterium. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadk7140. [PMID: 38394197 PMCID: PMC10889353 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk7140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Acaryochloris marina is a unique cyanobacterium using chlorophyll d (Chl d) as its major pigment and thus can use far-red light for photosynthesis. Photosystem II (PSII) of A. marina associates with a number of prochlorophyte Chl-binding (Pcb) proteins to act as the light-harvesting system. We report here the cryo-electron microscopic structure of a PSII-Pcb megacomplex from A. marina at a 3.6-angstrom overall resolution and a 3.3-angstrom local resolution. The megacomplex is organized as a tetramer consisting of two PSII core dimers flanked by sixteen symmetrically related Pcb proteins, with a total molecular weight of 1.9 megadaltons. The structure reveals the detailed organization of PSII core consisting of 15 known protein subunits and an unknown subunit, the assembly of 4 Pcb antennas within each PSII monomer, and possible pathways of energy transfer within the megacomplex, providing deep insights into energy transfer and dissipation mechanisms within the PSII-Pcb megacomplex involved in far-red light utilization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Shen
- Cryo-EM Centre, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Yuanzhu Gao
- Cryo-EM Centre, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Kailu Tang
- Department of Biophysics, and Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ruxi Qi
- Cryo-EM Centre, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Lutang Fu
- Cryo-EM Centre, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jing-Hua Chen
- Department of Biophysics, and Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wenda Wang
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Xiaomin Ma
- Cryo-EM Centre, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Peiyao Li
- Cryo-EM Centre, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Min Chen
- School of Life and Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Tingyun Kuang
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- Department of Biophysics, and Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Center of Cryo-Electron Microscopy, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang Laboratory for System and Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Jian-Ren Shen
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, and Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Peiyi Wang
- Cryo-EM Centre, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Guangye Han
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Fujimoto KJ, Seki T, Minoda T, Yanai T. Spectral Tuning and Excitation-Energy Transfer by Unique Carotenoids in Diatom Light-Harvesting Antenna. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:3984-3991. [PMID: 38236721 PMCID: PMC10870758 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c12045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
The light-harvesting antennae of diatoms and spinach are composed of similar chromophores; however, they exhibit different absorption wavelengths. Recent advances in cryoelectron microscopy have revealed that the diatom light-harvesting antenna fucoxanthin chlorophyll a/c-binding protein (FCPII) forms a tetramer and differs from the spinach antenna in terms of the number of protomers; however, the detailed molecular mechanism remains elusive. Herein, we report the physicochemical factors contributing to the characteristic light absorption of the diatom light-harvesting antenna based on spectral calculations using an exciton model. Spectral analysis reveals the significant contribution of unique fucoxanthin molecules (fucoxanthin-S) in FCPII to the diatom-specific spectrum, and further analysis determines their essential role in excitation-energy transfer to chlorophyll. It was revealed that the specificity of these fucoxanthin-S molecules is caused by the proximity between protomers associated with the tetramerization of FCPII. The findings of this study demonstrate that diatoms employ fucoxanthin-S to harvest energy under the ocean in the absence of long-wavelength sunlight and can provide significant information about the survival strategies of photosynthetic organisms to adjust to their living environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro J. Fujimoto
- Institute
of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furocho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furocho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Takuya Seki
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furocho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Takumi Minoda
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furocho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yanai
- Institute
of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furocho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furocho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Li X, Li Z, Wang F, Zhao S, Xu C, Mao Z, Duan J, Feng Y, Yang Y, Shen L, Wang G, Yang Y, Yu LJ, Sang M, Han G, Wang X, Kuang T, Shen JR, Wang W. Structures and organizations of PSI-AcpPCI supercomplexes from red tidal and coral symbiotic photosynthetic dinoflagellates. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2315476121. [PMID: 38319970 PMCID: PMC10873603 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2315476121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Marine photosynthetic dinoflagellates are a group of successful phytoplankton that can form red tides in the ocean and also symbiosis with corals. These features are closely related to the photosynthetic properties of dinoflagellates. We report here three structures of photosystem I (PSI)-chlorophylls (Chls) a/c-peridinin protein complex (PSI-AcpPCI) from two species of dinoflagellates by single-particle cryoelectron microscopy. The crucial PsaA/B subunits of a red tidal dinoflagellate Amphidinium carterae are remarkably smaller and hence losing over 20 pigment-binding sites, whereas its PsaD/F/I/J/L/M/R subunits are larger and coordinate some additional pigment sites compared to other eukaryotic photosynthetic organisms, which may compensate for the smaller PsaA/B subunits. Similar modifications are observed in a coral symbiotic dinoflagellate Symbiodinium species, where two additional core proteins and fewer AcpPCIs are identified in the PSI-AcpPCI supercomplex. The antenna proteins AcpPCIs in dinoflagellates developed some loops and pigment sites as a result to accommodate the changed PSI core, therefore the structures of PSI-AcpPCI supercomplex of dinoflagellates reveal an unusual protein assembly pattern. A huge pigment network comprising Chls a and c and various carotenoids is revealed from the structural analysis, which provides the basis for our deeper understanding of the energy transfer and dissipation within the PSI-AcpPCI supercomplex, as well as the evolution of photosynthetic organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Li
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100093, China
| | - Zhenhua Li
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100093, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing100049, China
| | - Fangfang Wang
- National Facility for Protein Science in Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai201204, China
| | - Songhao Zhao
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100093, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing100049, China
| | - Caizhe Xu
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100093, China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
| | - Zhiyuan Mao
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100093, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing100049, China
| | - Jialin Duan
- National Facility for Protein Science in Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai201204, China
| | - Yue Feng
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100093, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing100049, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100093, China
- Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou571158, China
| | - Lili Shen
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100093, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing100049, China
| | - Guanglei Wang
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100093, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing100049, China
| | - Yanyan Yang
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100093, China
| | - Long-Jiang Yu
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing100093, China
| | - Min Sang
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing100093, China
| | - Guangye Han
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing100093, China
| | - Xuchu Wang
- Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou571158, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang550025, China
| | - Tingyun Kuang
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing100093, China
| | - Jian-Ren Shen
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing100093, China
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama700-8530, Japan
| | - Wenda Wang
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing100093, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kimura A, Kitoh-Nishioka H, Kondo T, Oh-Oka H, Itoh S, Azai C. Experimental and Theoretical Mutation of Exciton States on the Smallest Type-I Photosynthetic Reaction Center Complex of a Green Sulfur Bacterium Chlorobaclum tepidum. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:731-743. [PMID: 38198639 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c07424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The exciton states on the smallest type-I photosynthetic reaction center complex of a green sulfur bacterium Chlorobaculum tepidum (GsbRC) consisting of 26 bacteriochlorophylls a (BChl a) and four chlorophylls a (Chl a) located on the homodimer of two PscA reaction center polypeptides were investigated. This analysis involved the study of exciton states through a combination of theoretical modeling and the genetic removal of BChl a pigments at eight sites. (1) A theoretical model of the pigment assembly exciton state on GsbRC was constructed using Poisson TrESP (P-TrESP) and charge density coupling (CDC) methods based on structural information. The model reproduced the experimentally obtained absorption spectrum, circular dichroism spectrum, and excitation transfer dynamics, as well as explained the effects of mutation. (2) Eight BChl a molecules at different locations on the GsbRC were selectively removed by genetic exchange of the His residue, which ligates the central Mg atom of BChl a, with the Leu residue on either one or two PscAs in the RC. His locations are conserved among all type-I RC plant polypeptide, cyanobacteria, and bacteria amino acid sequences. (3) Purified mutant-GsbRCs demonstrated distinct absorption and fluorescence spectra at 77 K, which were different from each other, suggesting successful pigment removal. (4) The same mutations were applied to the constructed theoretical model to analyze the outcomes of these mutations. (5) The combination of theoretical predictions and experimental mutations based on structural information is a new tool for studying the function and evolution of photosynthetic reaction centers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Kimura
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Kitoh-Nishioka
- Department of Energy and Materials, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Toru Kondo
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Hirozo Oh-Oka
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Shigeru Itoh
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Chihiro Azai
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhao S, Shen L, Li X, Tao Q, Li Z, Xu C, Zhou C, Yang Y, Sang M, Han G, Yu LJ, Kuang T, Shen JR, Wang W. Structural insights into photosystem II supercomplex and trimeric FCP antennae of a centric diatom Cyclotella meneghiniana. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8164. [PMID: 38071196 PMCID: PMC10710467 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44055-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Diatoms are dominant marine algae and contribute around a quarter of global primary productivity, the success of which is largely attributed to their photosynthetic capacity aided by specific fucoxanthin chlorophyll-binding proteins (FCPs) to enhance the blue-green light absorption under water. We purified a photosystem II (PSII)-FCPII supercomplex and a trimeric FCP from Cyclotella meneghiniana (Cm) and solved their structures by cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM). The structures reveal detailed organizations of monomeric, dimeric and trimeric FCP antennae, as well as distinct assemblies of Lhcx6_1 and dimeric FCPII-H in PSII core. Each Cm-PSII-FCPII monomer contains an Lhcx6_1, an FCP heterodimer and other three FCP monomers, which form an efficient pigment network for harvesting energy. More diadinoxanthins and diatoxanthins are found in FCPs, which may function to quench excess energy. The trimeric FCP contains more chlorophylls c and fucoxanthins. These diversified FCPs and PSII-FCPII provide a structural basis for efficient light energy harvesting, transfer, and dissipation in C. meneghiniana.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Songhao Zhao
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Shen
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyi Li
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, China
| | - Qiushuang Tao
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenhua Li
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
| | - Caizhe Xu
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Cuicui Zhou
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
| | - Yanyan Yang
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, China
| | - Min Sang
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, China
| | - Guangye Han
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, China
| | - Long-Jiang Yu
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, China
| | - Tingyun Kuang
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Ren Shen
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, China.
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan.
| | - Wenda Wang
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wu J, Chen S, Wang C, Lin W, Huang C, Fan C, Han D, Lu D, Xu X, Sui S, Zhang L. Regulatory dynamics of the higher-plant PSI-LHCI supercomplex during state transitions. MOLECULAR PLANT 2023; 16:1937-1950. [PMID: 37936349 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2023.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
State transition is a fundamental light acclimation mechanism of photosynthetic organisms in response to the environmental light conditions. This process rebalances the excitation energy between photosystem I (PSI) and photosystem II through regulated reversible binding of the light-harvesting complex II (LHCII) to PSI. However, the structural reorganization of PSI-LHCI, the dynamic binding of LHCII, and the regulatory mechanisms underlying state transitions are less understood in higher plants. In this study, using cryoelectron microscopy we resolved the structures of PSI-LHCI in both state 1 (PSI-LHCI-ST1) and state 2 (PSI-LHCI-LHCII-ST2) from Arabidopsis thaliana. Combined genetic and functional analyses revealed novel contacts between Lhcb1 and PsaK that further enhanced the binding of the LHCII trimer to the PSI core with the known interactions between phosphorylated Lhcb2 and the PsaL/PsaH/PsaO subunits. Specifically, PsaO was absent in the PSI-LHCI-ST1 supercomplex but present in the PSI-LHCI-LHCII-ST2 supercomplex, in which the PsaL/PsaK/PsaA subunits undergo several conformational changes to strengthen the binding of PsaO in ST2. Furthermore, the PSI-LHCI module adopts a more compact configuration with shorter Mg-to-Mg distances between the chlorophylls, which may enhance the energy transfer efficiency from the peripheral antenna to the PSI core in ST2. Collectively, our work provides novel structural and functional insights into the mechanisms of light acclimation during state transitions in higher plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianghao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming Avenue, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Shuaijiabin Chen
- School of Life Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming Avenue, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Weijun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming Avenue, Kaifeng 475004, China; Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Chao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming Avenue, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Chengxu Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming Avenue, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Dexian Han
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming Avenue, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Dandan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming Avenue, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Xiumei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming Avenue, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - SenFang Sui
- School of Life Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Cryo-EM Center, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Lixin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming Avenue, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Krupnik T. Factors affecting light harvesting in the red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 336:111854. [PMID: 37659734 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
The phycobilisome antennas, which contain phycobilin pigments instead of chlorophyll, are crucial for the photosynthetic activity of Cyanidioschyzon merolae cells, which thrive in an acidic and hot water environment. The accessible light intensity and quality, temperature, acidity, and other factors in this environment are quite different from those in the air available for terrestrial plants. Under these conditions, adaptation to the intensity and quality of light, as well as temperature, which are key factors in photosynthesis of higher plants, also affects this process in Cyanidioschyzon merolae cells. Adaptation to varying light conditions requires fast remodeling and re-tuning of their light-harvesting antennas (phycobilisomes) at multiple levels, from regulation of gene expression to structural reorganization of protein-pigment complexes. This review presents selected data on the structure of phycobilisomes, the genetic engineering of the constituent proteins, and the latest results and opinions on the adaptation of phycobilisomes to light intensity and quality, and temperature to photosynthetic activities. We pay special attention to the latest results of the C. merolae research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Krupnik
- Department of Molecular Plant Physiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, Warsaw 02096, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Borg M, Krueger-Hadfield SA, Destombe C, Collén J, Lipinska A, Coelho SM. Red macroalgae in the genomic era. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 240:471-488. [PMID: 37649301 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Rhodophyta (or red algae) are a diverse and species-rich group that forms one of three major lineages in the Archaeplastida, a eukaryotic supergroup whose plastids arose from a single primary endosymbiosis. Red algae are united by several features, such as relatively small intron-poor genomes and a lack of cytoskeletal structures associated with motility like flagella and centrioles, as well as a highly efficient photosynthetic capacity. Multicellular red algae (or macroalgae) are one of the earliest diverging eukaryotic lineages to have evolved complex multicellularity, yet despite their ecological, evolutionary, and commercial importance, they have remained a largely understudied group of organisms. Considering the increasing availability of red algal genome sequences, we present a broad overview of fundamental aspects of red macroalgal biology and posit on how this is expected to accelerate research in many domains of red algal biology in the coming years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Borg
- Department of Algal Development and Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Biology, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stacy A Krueger-Hadfield
- Department of Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
- Virginia Institute of Marine Science Eastern Shore Laboratory, Wachapreague, VA, 23480, USA
| | - Christophe Destombe
- International Research Laboratory 3614 (IRL3614) - Evolutionary Biology and Ecology of Algae, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sorbonne Université, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Universidad Austral de Chile, Roscoff, 29680, France
| | - Jonas Collén
- CNRS, Integrative Biology of Marine Models (LBI2M, UMR8227), Station Biologique de Roscoff, Sorbonne Université, Roscoff, 29680, France
| | - Agnieszka Lipinska
- Department of Algal Development and Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Biology, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Susana M Coelho
- Department of Algal Development and Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Biology, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Nagao R, Ueno Y, Furutani M, Kato K, Shen JR, Akimoto S. Biochemical and spectroscopic characterization of PSI-LHCI from the red alga Cyanidium caldarium. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2023; 156:315-323. [PMID: 36781711 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-023-00999-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Light-harvesting complexes (LHCs) have been diversified in oxygenic photosynthetic organisms, and play an essential role in capturing light energy which is transferred to two types of photosystem cores to promote charge-separation reactions. Red algae are one of the groups of photosynthetic eukaryotes, and their chlorophyll (Chl) a-binding LHCs are specifically associated with photosystem I (PSI). In this study, we purified three types of preparations, PSI-LHCI supercomplexes, PSI cores, and isolated LHCIs, from the red alga Cyanidium caldarium, and examined their properties. The polypeptide bands of PSI-LHCI showed characteristic PSI and LHCI components without contamination by other proteins. The carotenoid composition of LHCI displayed zeaxanthins, β-cryptoxanthins, and β-carotenes. Among the carotenoids, zeaxanthins were enriched in LHCI. On the contrary, both zeaxanthins and β-cryptoxanthins could not be detected from PSI, suggesting that zeaxanthins and β-cryptoxanthins are bound to LHCI but not PSI. A Qy peak of Chl a in the absorption spectrum of LHCI was shifted to a shorter wavelength than those in PSI and PSI-LHCI. This tendency is in line with the result of fluorescence-emission spectra, in which the emission maxima of PSI-LHCI, PSI, and LHCI appeared at 727, 719, and 677 nm, respectively. Time-resolved fluorescence spectra of LHCI represented no 719 and 727-nm fluorescence bands from picoseconds to nanoseconds. These results indicate that energy levels of Chls around/within LHCIs and within PSI are changed by binding LHCIs to PSI. Based on these findings, we discuss the expression, function, and structure of red algal PSI-LHCI supercomplexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Nagao
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama-shi, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan.
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka-shi, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan.
| | - Yoshifumi Ueno
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe-shi, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan
- Institute of Arts and Science, Tokyo University of Science, Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8601, Japan
| | - Miyu Furutani
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe-shi, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Koji Kato
- Structural Biology Division, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI), Sayo-Gun, Hyogo, 679-5198, Japan
| | - Jian-Ren Shen
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama-shi, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Seiji Akimoto
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe-shi, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhang S, Tang K, Yan Q, Li X, Shen L, Wang W, He YK, Kuang T, Han G, Shen JR, Zhang X. Structural insights into a unique PSI-LHCI-LHCII-Lhcb9 supercomplex from moss Physcomitrium patens. NATURE PLANTS 2023; 9:832-846. [PMID: 37095225 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-023-01401-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Photosystem I (PSI) possesses a variable supramolecular organization among different photosynthetic organisms to adapt to different light environments. Mosses are evolutionary intermediates that diverged from aquatic green algae and evolved into land plants. The moss Physcomitrium patens (P. patens) has a light-harvesting complex (LHC) superfamily more diverse than those of green algae and higher plants. Here, we solved the structure of a PSI-LHCI-LHCII-Lhcb9 supercomplex from P. patens at 2.68 Å resolution using cryo-electron microscopy. This supercomplex contains one PSI-LHCI, one phosphorylated LHCII trimer, one moss-specific LHC protein, Lhcb9, and one additional LHCI belt with four Lhca subunits. The complete structure of PsaO was observed in the PSI core. One Lhcbm2 in the LHCII trimer interacts with PSI core through its phosphorylated N terminus, and Lhcb9 mediates assembly of the whole supercomplex. The complicated pigment arrangement provided important information for possible energy-transfer pathways from the peripheral antennae to the PSI core.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Song Zhang
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
| | - Kailu Tang
- Department of Biophysics and Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiujing Yan
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
| | - Xingyue Li
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
| | - Liangliang Shen
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
| | - Wenda Wang
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, China
| | - Yi-Kun He
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Tingyun Kuang
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, China
| | - Guangye Han
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, China.
| | - Jian-Ren Shen
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, China.
- The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan.
| | - Xing Zhang
- Department of Biophysics and Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
- Center of Cryo-Electron Microscopy, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
You X, Zhang X, Cheng J, Xiao Y, Ma J, Sun S, Zhang X, Wang HW, Sui SF. In situ structure of the red algal phycobilisome-PSII-PSI-LHC megacomplex. Nature 2023; 616:199-206. [PMID: 36922595 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-05831-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
In oxygenic photosynthetic organisms, light energy is captured by antenna systems and transferred to photosystem II (PSII) and photosystem I (PSI) to drive photosynthesis1,2. The antenna systems of red algae consist of soluble phycobilisomes (PBSs) and transmembrane light-harvesting complexes (LHCs)3. Excitation energy transfer pathways from PBS to photosystems remain unclear owing to the lack of structural information. Here we present in situ structures of PBS-PSII-PSI-LHC megacomplexes from the red alga Porphyridium purpureum at near-atomic resolution using cryogenic electron tomography and in situ single-particle analysis4, providing interaction details between PBS, PSII and PSI. The structures reveal several unidentified and incomplete proteins and their roles in the assembly of the megacomplex, as well as a huge and sophisticated pigment network. This work provides a solid structural basis for unravelling the mechanisms of PBS-PSII-PSI-LHC megacomplex assembly, efficient energy transfer from PBS to the two photosystems, and regulation of energy distribution between PSII and PSI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin You
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structures, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structures, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Cheng
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanan Xiao
- School of Life Sciences, Cryo-EM Center, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianfei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structures, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Shan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structures, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinzheng Zhang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Hong-Wei Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structures, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| | - Sen-Fang Sui
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structures, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
- School of Life Sciences, Cryo-EM Center, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Remodeling of algal photosystem I through phosphorylation. Biosci Rep 2023; 43:232211. [PMID: 36477263 PMCID: PMC9874419 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20220369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Photosystem I (PSI) with its associated light-harvesting system is the most important generator of reducing power in photosynthesis. The PSI core complex is highly conserved, whereas peripheral subunits as well as light-harvesting proteins (LHCI) reveal a dynamic plasticity. Moreover, in green alga, PSI-LHCI complexes are found as monomers, dimers, and state transition complexes, where two LHCII trimers are associated. Herein, we show light-dependent phosphorylation of PSI subunits PsaG and PsaH as well as Lhca6. Potential consequences of the dynamic phosphorylation of PsaG and PsaH are structurally analyzed and discussed in regard to the formation of the monomeric, dimeric, and LHCII-associated PSI-LHCI complexes.
Collapse
|
20
|
Ma W, Du W, Gu K, Xu M, Yin Y, Sun Y, Wu J, Zhu J, Guo H. Elevated CO 2 exacerbates effects of TiO 2 nanoparticles on rice (Oryza sativa L.) leaf transcriptome and soil bacteria. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 857:159689. [PMID: 36302435 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Elevated CO2 affects the plant rhizosphere and can therefore affect the fate and toxicity of soil contaminants. However, little is known about how the effects of nanoparticles on plants and soil bacteria will change under future CO2 levels. A free-air CO2 enrichment system with two CO2 levels (ambient, 390 μmol mol-1; elevated, 590 μmol mol-1) was used to investigate the responses of rice (Oryza sativa L.) and soil bacteria to titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nano-TiO2, 0 and 200 mg kg-1). Results showed that nano-TiO2 alone did not significantly affect rice growth but affected soil bacteria involved in the carbon and sulfur cycles. Elevated CO2 alone increased rice plant biomass and up-regulated genes related to ribosomes, but its combination with nano-TiO2 down-regulated genes related to photosynthesis and photosynthetic antennae. Elevated CO2 also exacerbated the disturbance by nano-TiO2 to soil bacteria involved in carbon and nitrogen cycles, and consequently inhibited the rice growth. These findings provide a reference for the comprehensive evaluation for the risk of soil pollution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenqian Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wenchao Du
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Kaihua Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Meiling Xu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
| | - Ying Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yuanyuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Key Laboratory of Surficial Geochemistry, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jichun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Key Laboratory of Surficial Geochemistry, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jianguo Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Hongyan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Zhang S, Zou B, Cao P, Su X, Xie F, Pan X, Li M. Structural insights into photosynthetic cyclic electron transport. MOLECULAR PLANT 2023; 16:187-205. [PMID: 36540023 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2022.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
During photosynthesis, light energy is utilized to drive sophisticated biochemical chains of electron transfers, converting solar energy into chemical energy that feeds most life on earth. Cyclic electron transfer/flow (CET/CEF) plays an essential role in efficient photosynthesis, as it balances the ATP/NADPH ratio required in various regulatory and metabolic pathways. Photosystem I, cytochrome b6f, and NADH dehydrogenase (NDH) are large multisubunit protein complexes embedded in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast and key players in NDH-dependent CEF pathway. Furthermore, small mobile electron carriers serve as shuttles for electrons between these membrane protein complexes. Efficient electron transfer requires transient interactions between these electron donors and acceptors. Structural biology has been a powerful tool to advance our knowledge of this important biological process. A number of structures of the membrane-embedded complexes, soluble electron carrier proteins, and transient complexes composed of both have now been determined. These structural data reveal detailed interacting patterns of these electron donor-acceptor pairs, thus allowing us to visualize the different parts of the electron transfer process. This review summarizes the current state of structural knowledge of three membrane complexes and their interaction patterns with mobile electron carrier proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shumeng Zhang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Baohua Zou
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Cao
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodong Su
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fen Xie
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaowei Pan
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Mei Li
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kimura A, Kitoh-Nishioka H, Aota T, Hamaguchi T, Yonekura K, Kawakami K, Shinzawa-Itoh K, Inoue-Kashino N, Ifuku K, Yamashita E, Kashino Y, Itoh S. Theoretical Model of the Far-Red-Light-Adapted Photosystem I Reaction Center of Cyanobacterium Acaryochloris marina Using Chlorophyll d and the Effect of Chlorophyll Exchange. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:4009-4021. [PMID: 35617171 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c00869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A theoretical model of the far-red-light-adapted photosystem I (PSI) reaction center (RC) complex of a cyanobacterium, Acaryochloris marina (AmPSI), was constructed based on the exciton theory and the recently identified molecular structure of AmPSI by Hamaguchi et al. (Nat. Commun., 2021, 12, 2333). A. marina performs photosynthesis under the visible to far-red light (400-750 nm), which is absorbed by chlorophyll d (Chl-d). It is in contrast to the situation of all the other oxygenic photosynthetic processes of cyanobacteria and plants, which contains chlorophyll a (Chl-a) that absorbs only 400-700 nm visible light. AmPSI contains 70 Chl-d, 1 Chl-d', 2 pheophytin a (Pheo-a), and 12 carotenoids in the currently available structure. A special pair of Chl-d/Chl-d' acts as the electron donor (P740) and two Pheo-a act as the primary electron acceptor A0 as the counterparts of P700 and Chl-a, respectively, of Chl-a-type PSIs. The exciton Hamiltonian of AmPSI was constructed considering the excitonic coupling strength and site energy shift of individual pigments using the Poisson-TrESP (P-TrESP) and charge density coupling (CDC) methods. The model was constructed to fit the experimentally measured spectra of absorption and circular dichroism (CD) spectra during downhill/uphill excitation energy transfer processes. The constructed theoretical model of AmPSI was further compared with the Chl-a-type PSI of Thermosynechococcus elongatus (TePSI), which contains only Chl-a and Chl-a'. The functional properties of AmPSI and TePSI were further examined by the in silico exchange of Chl-d by Chl-a in the models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Kimura
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | | | - Toshimichi Aota
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Tasuku Hamaguchi
- Biostructural Mechanism Laboratory, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 776 Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Koji Yonekura
- Biostructural Mechanism Laboratory, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 776 Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Keisuke Kawakami
- Biostructural Mechanism Laboratory, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 776 Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Kyoko Shinzawa-Itoh
- Graduate School of Science, University of Hyogo, Ako-gun, Hyogo 678-1297, Japan
| | | | - Kentaro Ifuku
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Eiki Yamashita
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Crystallography, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kashino
- Graduate School of Science, University of Hyogo, Ako-gun, Hyogo 678-1297, Japan
| | - Shigeru Itoh
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Yoshihara A, Kobayashi K. Lipids in photosynthetic protein complexes in the thylakoid membrane of plants, algae, and cyanobacteria. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:2735-2750. [PMID: 35560200 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In the thylakoid membrane of cyanobacteria and chloroplasts, many proteins involved in photosynthesis are associated with or integrated into the fluid bilayer matrix formed by four unique glycerolipid classes, monogalactosyldiacylglycerol, digalactosyldiacylglycerol, sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol, and phosphatidylglycerol. Biochemical and molecular genetic studies have revealed that these glycerolipids play essential roles not only in the formation of thylakoid lipid bilayers but also in the assembly and functions of photosynthetic complexes. Moreover, considerable advances in structural biology have identified a number of lipid molecules within the photosynthetic complexes such as PSI and PSII. These data have provided important insights into the association of lipids with protein subunits in photosynthetic complexes and the distribution of lipids in the thylakoid membrane. Here, we summarize recent high-resolution observations of lipid molecules in the structures of photosynthetic complexes from plants, algae, and cyanobacteria, and evaluate the distribution of lipids among photosynthetic protein complexes and thylakoid lipid bilayers. By integrating the structural information into the findings from biochemical and molecular genetic studies, we highlight the conserved and differentiated roles of lipids in the assembly and functions of photosynthetic complexes among plants, algae, and cyanobacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Yoshihara
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, OsakaJapan
| | - Koichi Kobayashi
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, OsakaJapan
- Faculty of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, OsakaJapan
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ho TTH, Schwier C, Elman T, Fleuter V, Zinzius K, Scholz M, Yacoby I, Buchert F, Hippler M. Photosystem I light-harvesting proteins regulate photosynthetic electron transfer and hydrogen production. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 189:329-343. [PMID: 35157085 PMCID: PMC9070821 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Linear electron flow (LEF) and cyclic electron flow (CEF) compete for light-driven electrons transferred from the acceptor side of photosystem I (PSI). Under anoxic conditions, such highly reducing electrons also could be used for hydrogen (H2) production via electron transfer between ferredoxin and hydrogenase in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Partitioning between LEF and CEF is regulated through PROTON-GRADIENT REGULATION5 (PGR5). There is evidence that partitioning of electrons also could be mediated via PSI remodeling processes. This plasticity is linked to the dynamics of PSI-associated light-harvesting proteins (LHCAs) LHCA2 and LHCA9. These two unique light-harvesting proteins are distinct from all other LHCAs because they are loosely bound at the PSAL pole. Here, we investigated photosynthetic electron transfer and H2 production in single, double, and triple mutants deficient in PGR5, LHCA2, and LHCA9. Our data indicate that lhca2 and lhca9 mutants are efficient in photosynthetic electron transfer, that LHCA2 impacts the pgr5 phenotype, and that pgr5/lhca2 is a potent H2 photo-producer. In addition, pgr5/lhca2 and pgr5/lhca9 mutants displayed substantially different H2 photo-production kinetics. This indicates that the absence of LHCA2 or LHCA9 impacts H2 photo-production independently, despite both being attached at the PSAL pole, pointing to distinct regulatory capacities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thi Thu Hoai Ho
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Münster 48143, Germany
- Faculty of Fisheries, University of Agriculture and Forestry, Hue University, Hue 530000, Vietnam
| | - Chris Schwier
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Münster 48143, Germany
| | - Tamar Elman
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Vera Fleuter
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Münster 48143, Germany
| | - Karen Zinzius
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Münster 48143, Germany
| | - Martin Scholz
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Münster 48143, Germany
| | - Iftach Yacoby
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Felix Buchert
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Münster 48143, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Li X, Yang G, Yuan X, Wu F, Wang W, Shen JR, Kuang T, Qin X. Structural elucidation of vascular plant photosystem I and its functional implications. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2022; 49:432-443. [PMID: 34637699 DOI: 10.1071/fp21077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In vascular plants, bryophytes and algae, the photosynthetic light reaction takes place in the thylakoid membrane where two transmembrane supercomplexes PSII and PSI work together with cytochrome b 6 f and ATP synthase to harvest the light energy and produce ATP and NADPH. Vascular plant PSI is a 600-kDa protein-pigment supercomplex, the core complex of which is partly surrounded by peripheral light-harvesting complex I (LHCI) that captures sunlight and transfers the excitation energy to the core to be used for charge separation. PSI is unique mainly in absorption of longer-wavelengths than PSII, fast excitation energy transfer including uphill energy transfer, and an extremely high quantum efficiency. From the early 1980s, a lot of effort has been dedicated to structural and functional studies of PSI-LHCI, leading to the current understanding of how more than 200 cofactors are kept at the correct distance and geometry to facilitate fast energy transfer in this supercomplex at an atomic level. In this review, we review the history of studies on vascular plant PSI-LHCI, summarise the present research progress on its structure, and present some new and further questions to be answered in future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiuxiu Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China; and School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Gongxian Yang
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Xinyi Yuan
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Fenghua Wu
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Wenda Wang
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Jian-Ren Shen
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Tingyun Kuang
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Xiaochun Qin
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Kato K, Hamaguchi T, Nagao R, Kawakami K, Ueno Y, Suzuki T, Uchida H, Murakami A, Nakajima Y, Yokono M, Akimoto S, Dohmae N, Yonekura K, Shen JR. Structural basis for the absence of low-energy chlorophylls in a photosystem I trimer from Gloeobacter violaceus. eLife 2022; 11:73990. [PMID: 35404232 PMCID: PMC9000952 DOI: 10.7554/elife.73990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Photosystem I (PSI) is a multi-subunit pigment-protein complex that functions in light-harvesting and photochemical charge-separation reactions, followed by reduction of NADP to NADPH required for CO2 fixation in photosynthetic organisms. PSI from different photosynthetic organisms has a variety of chlorophylls (Chls), some of which are at lower-energy levels than its reaction center P700, a special pair of Chls, and are called low-energy Chls. However, the sites of low-energy Chls are still under debate. Here, we solved a 2.04-Å resolution structure of a PSI trimer by cryo-electron microscopy from a primordial cyanobacterium Gloeobacter violaceus PCC 7421, which has no low-energy Chls. The structure shows the absence of some subunits commonly found in other cyanobacteria, confirming the primordial nature of this cyanobacterium. Comparison with the known structures of PSI from other cyanobacteria and eukaryotic organisms reveals that one dimeric and one trimeric Chls are lacking in the Gloeobacter PSI. The dimeric and trimeric Chls are named Low1 and Low2, respectively. Low2 is missing in some cyanobacterial and eukaryotic PSIs, whereas Low1 is absent only in Gloeobacter. These findings provide insights into not only the identity of low-energy Chls in PSI, but also the evolutionary changes of low-energy Chls in oxyphototrophs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Koji Kato
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University
| | | | - Ryo Nagao
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University
| | | | | | - Takehiro Suzuki
- Biomolecular Characterization Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science
| | | | - Akio Murakami
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University
- Research Center for Inland Seas, Kobe University
| | - Yoshiki Nakajima
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University
| | - Makio Yokono
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University
| | | | - Naoshi Dohmae
- Biomolecular Characterization Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science
| | - Koji Yonekura
- Biostructural Mechanism Laboratory, RIKEN SPring-8 Center
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University
- Advanced Electron Microscope Development Unit, RIKEN-JEOL Collaboration Center, RIKEN Baton Zone Program
| | - Jian-Ren Shen
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Fang Y, Liu D, Jiang J, He A, Zhu R, Tian L. Photoprotective energy quenching in the red alga Porphyridium purpureum occurs at the core antenna of the photosystem II but not at its reaction center. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101783. [PMID: 35245502 PMCID: PMC8978274 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Photosynthetic organisms have evolved light-harvesting antennae over time. In cyanobacteria, external phycobilisomes (PBSs) are the dominant antennae, whereas in green algae and higher plants, PBSs have been replaced by proteins of the Lhc family that are integrated in the membrane. Red algae represent an evolutionary intermediate between these two systems, as they employ both PBSs and membrane LHCR proteins as light-harvesting units. Understanding how red algae cope with light is not only interesting for biotechnological applications, but is also of evolutionary interest. For example, energy-dependent quenching (qE) is an essential photoprotective mechanism widely used by species from cyanobacteria to higher plants to avoid light damage; however, the quenching mechanism in red algae remains largely unexplored. Here, we used both pulse amplitude-modulated (PAM) and time-resolved chlorophyll fluorescence to characterize qE kinetics in the red alga Porphyridium purpureum. PAM traces confirmed that qE in P. purpureum is activated by a decrease in the thylakoid lumen pH, whereas time-resolved fluorescence results further revealed the quenching site and ultrafast quenching kinetics. We found that quenching exclusively takes place in the photosystem II (PSII) complexes and preferentially occurs at PSII’s core antenna rather than at its reaction center, with an overall quenching rate of 17.6 ± 3.0 ns−1. In conclusion, we propose that qE in red algae is not a reaction center type of quenching, and that there might be a membrane-bound protein that resembles PsbS of higher plants or LHCSR of green algae that senses low luminal pH and triggers qE in red algae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Fang
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dongyang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjing Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Axin He
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructures and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Zhu
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lijin Tian
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Structure of a tetrameric photosystem I from a glaucophyte alga Cyanophora paradoxa. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1679. [PMID: 35354806 PMCID: PMC8967866 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29303-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Photosystem I (PSI) is one of the two photosystems functioning in light-energy harvesting, transfer, and electron transfer in photosynthesis. However, the oligomerization state of PSI is variable among photosynthetic organisms. We present a 3.8-Å resolution cryo-electron microscopic structure of tetrameric PSI isolated from the glaucophyte alga Cyanophora paradoxa, which reveals differences with PSI from other organisms in subunit composition and organization. The PSI tetramer is organized in a dimer of dimers with a C2 symmetry. Unlike cyanobacterial PSI tetramers, two of the four monomers are rotated around 90°, resulting in a completely different pattern of monomer-monomer interactions. Excitation-energy transfer among chlorophylls differs significantly between Cyanophora and cyanobacterial PSI tetramers. These structural and spectroscopic features reveal characteristic interactions and excitation-energy transfer in the Cyanophora PSI tetramer, suggesting that the Cyanophora PSI could represent a turning point in the evolution of PSI from prokaryotes to eukaryotes.
Collapse
|
29
|
Improving Photostability of Photosystem I-Based Nanodevice by Plasmonic Interactions with Planar Silver Nanostructures. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23062976. [PMID: 35328397 PMCID: PMC8950156 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23062976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the crucial challenges for science is the development of alternative pollution-free and renewable energy sources. One of the most promising inexhaustible sources of energy is solar energy, and in this field, solar fuel cells employing naturally evolved solar energy converting biocomplexes—photosynthetic reaction centers, such as photosystem I—are of growing interest due to their highly efficient photo-powered operation, resulting in the production of chemical potential, enabling synthesis of simple fuels. However, application of the biomolecules in such a context is strongly limited by the progressing photobleaching thereof during illumination. In the current work, we investigated the excitation wavelength dependence of the photosystem I photodamage dynamics. Moreover, we aimed to correlate the PSI–LHCI photostability dependence on the excitation wavelength with significant (ca. 50-fold) plasmonic enhancement of fluorescence due to the utilization of planar metallic nanostructure as a substrate. Finally, we present a rational approach for the significant improvement in the photostability of PSI in anoxic conditions. We find that photobleaching rates for 5 min long blue excitation are reduced from nearly 100% to 20% and 70% for substrates of bare glass and plasmonically active substrate, respectively. Our results pave promising ways for optimization of the biomimetic solar fuel cells due to synergy of the plasmon-induced absorption enhancement together with improved photostability of the molecular machinery of the solar-to-fuel conversion.
Collapse
|
30
|
Gorski C, Riddle R, Toporik H, Da Z, Dobson Z, Williams D, Mazor Y. The structure of the Physcomitrium patens photosystem I reveals a unique Lhca2 paralogue replacing Lhca4. NATURE PLANTS 2022; 8:307-316. [PMID: 35190662 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-022-01099-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The moss Physcomitrium patens diverged from green algae shortly after the colonization of land by ancient plants. This colonization posed new environmental challenges, which drove evolutionary processes. The photosynthetic machinery of modern flowering plants is adapted to the high light conditions on land. Red-shifted Lhca4 antennae are present in the photosystem I light-harvesting complex of many green-lineage plants but absent in P. patens. The cryo-EM structure of the P. patens photosystem I light-harvesting complex I supercomplex (PSI-LHCI) at 2.8 Å reveals that Lhca4 is replaced by a unique Lhca2 paralogue in moss. This PSI-LHCI supercomplex also retains the PsaM subunit, present in Cyanobacteria and several algal species but lost in vascular plants, and the PsaO subunit responsible for binding light-harvesting complex II. The blue-shifted Lhca2 paralogue and chlorophyll b enrichment relative to flowering plants make the P. patens PSI-LHCI spectroscopically unique among other green-lineage supercomplexes. Overall, the structure represents an evolutionary intermediate PSI with the crescent-shaped LHCI common in vascular plants, and contains a unique Lhca2 paralogue that facilitates the moss's adaptation to low-light niches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Gorski
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- Biodesign Center for Applied Structural Discovery, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - R Riddle
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- Biodesign Center for Applied Structural Discovery, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - H Toporik
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- Biodesign Center for Applied Structural Discovery, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Z Da
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- Biodesign Center for Applied Structural Discovery, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Z Dobson
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- Biodesign Center for Applied Structural Discovery, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - D Williams
- John M. Cowley Center for High Resolution Electron Microscopy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Y Mazor
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
- Biodesign Center for Applied Structural Discovery, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Size and Fluorescence Properties of Algal Photosynthetic Antenna Proteins Estimated by Microscopy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020778. [PMID: 35054961 PMCID: PMC8775774 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Antenna proteins play a major role in the regulation of light-harvesting in photosynthesis. However, less is known about a possible link between their sizes (oligomerization state) and fluorescence intensity (number of photons emitted). Here, we used a microscopy-based method, Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy (FCS), to analyze different antenna proteins at the particle level. The direct comparison indicated that Chromera Light Harvesting (CLH) antenna particles (isolated from Chromera velia) behaved as the monomeric Light Harvesting Complex II (LHCII) (from higher plants), in terms of their radius (based on the diffusion time) and fluorescence yields. FCS data thus indicated a monomeric oligomerization state of algal CLH antenna (at our experimental conditions) that was later confirmed also by biochemical experiments. Additionally, our data provide a proof of concept that the FCS method is well suited to measure proteins sizes (oligomerization state) and fluorescence intensities (photon counts) of antenna proteins per single particle (monomers and oligomers). We proved that antenna monomers (CLH and LHCIIm) are more "quenched" than the corresponding trimers. The FCS measurement thus represents a useful experimental approach that allows studying the role of antenna oligomerization in the mechanism of photoprotection.
Collapse
|
32
|
Shen JR. Structure, Function, and Variations of the Photosystem I-Antenna Supercomplex from Different Photosynthetic Organisms. Subcell Biochem 2022; 99:351-377. [PMID: 36151382 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-00793-4_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Photosystem I (PSI) is a protein complex functioning in light-induced charge separation, electron transfer, and reduction reactions of ferredoxin in photosynthesis, which finally results in the reduction of NAD(P)- to NAD(P)H required for the fixation of carbon dioxide. In eukaryotic algae, PSI is associated with light-harvesting complex I (LHCI) subunits, forming a PSI-LHCI supercomplex. LHCI harvests and transfers light energy to the PSI core, where charge separation and electron transfer reactions occur. During the course of evolution, the number and sequences of protein subunits and the pigments they bind in LHCI change dramatically depending on the species of organisms, which is a result of adaptation of organisms to various light environments. In this chapter, I will describe the structure of various PSI-LHCI supercomplexes from different organisms solved so far either by X-ray crystallography or by cryo-electron microscopy, with emphasis on the differences in the number, structures, and association patterns of LHCI subunits associated with the PSI core found in different organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Ren Shen
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, and Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan.
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Kumazawa M, Nishide H, Nagao R, Inoue-Kashino N, Shen JR, Nakano T, Uchiyama I, Kashino Y, Ifuku K. Molecular phylogeny of fucoxanthin-chlorophyll a/c proteins from Chaetoceros gracilis and Lhcq/Lhcf diversity. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13598. [PMID: 34792189 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Diatoms adapt to various aquatic light environments and play major roles in the global carbon cycle using their unique light-harvesting system, i.e. fucoxanthin chlorophyll a/c binding proteins (FCPs). Structural analyses of photosystem II (PSII)-FCPII and photosystem I (PSI)-FCPI complexes from the diatom Chaetoceros gracilis have revealed the localization and interactions of many FCPs; however, the entire set of FCPs has not been characterized. Here, we identify 46 FCPs in the newly assembled genome and transcriptome of C. gracilis. Phylogenetic analyses suggest that these FCPs can be classified into five subfamilies: Lhcr, Lhcf, Lhcx, Lhcz, and the novel Lhcq, in addition to a distinct type of Lhcr, CgLhcr9. The FCPs in Lhcr, including CgLhcr9 and some Lhcqs, have orthologous proteins in other diatoms, particularly those found in the PSI-FCPI structure. By contrast, the Lhcf subfamily, some of which were found in the PSII-FCPII complex, seems to be diversified in each diatom species, and the number of Lhcqs differs among species, indicating that their diversification may contribute to species-specific adaptations to light. Further phylogenetic analyses of FCPs/light-harvesting complex (LHC) proteins using genome data and assembled transcriptomes of other diatoms and microalgae in public databases suggest that our proposed classification of FCPs is common among various red-lineage algae derived from secondary endosymbiosis of red algae, including Haptophyta. These results provide insights into the loss and gain of FCP/LHC subfamilies during the evolutionary history of the red algal lineage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minoru Kumazawa
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroyo Nishide
- National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Aichi, Japan
| | - Ryo Nagao
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | | | - Jian-Ren Shen
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nakano
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ikuo Uchiyama
- National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kashino
- Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Ifuku
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Gisriel CJ, Flesher DA, Shen G, Wang J, Ho MY, Brudvig GW, Bryant DA. Structure of a photosystem I-ferredoxin complex from a marine cyanobacterium provides insights into far-red light photoacclimation. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101408. [PMID: 34793839 PMCID: PMC8689207 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Far-red light photoacclimation exhibited by some cyanobacteria allows these organisms to use the far-red region of the solar spectrum (700-800 nm) for photosynthesis. Part of this process includes the replacement of six photosystem I (PSI) subunits with isoforms that confer the binding of chlorophyll (Chl) f molecules that absorb far-red light (FRL). However, the exact sites at which Chl f molecules are bound are still challenging to determine. To aid in the identification of Chl f-binding sites, we solved the cryo-EM structure of PSI from far-red light-acclimated cells of the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC 7335. We identified six sites that bind Chl f with high specificity and three additional sites that are likely to bind Chl f at lower specificity. All of these binding sites are in the core-antenna regions of PSI, and Chl f was not observed among the electron transfer cofactors. This structural analysis also reveals both conserved and nonconserved Chl f-binding sites, the latter of which exemplify the diversity in FRL-PSI among species. We found that the FRL-PSI structure also contains a bound soluble ferredoxin, PetF1, at low occupancy, which suggests that ferredoxin binds less transiently than expected according to the canonical view of ferredoxin-binding to facilitate electron transfer. We suggest that this may result from structural changes in FRL-PSI that occur specifically during FRL photoacclimation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - David A Flesher
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Gaozhong Shen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jimin Wang
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Ming-Yang Ho
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Gary W Brudvig
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
| | - Donald A Bryant
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Caspy I, Schwartz T, Bayro-Kaiser V, Fadeeva M, Kessel A, Ben-Tal N, Nelson N. Dimeric and high-resolution structures of Chlamydomonas Photosystem I from a temperature-sensitive Photosystem II mutant. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1380. [PMID: 34887518 PMCID: PMC8660910 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02911-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Water molecules play a pivotal functional role in photosynthesis, primarily as the substrate for Photosystem II (PSII). However, their importance and contribution to Photosystem I (PSI) activity remains obscure. Using a high-resolution cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) PSI structure from a Chlamydomonas reinhardtii temperature-sensitive photoautotrophic PSII mutant (TSP4), a conserved network of water molecules - dating back to cyanobacteria - was uncovered, mainly in the vicinity of the electron transport chain (ETC). The high-resolution structure illustrated that the water molecules served as a ligand in every chlorophyll that was missing a fifth magnesium coordination in the PSI core and in the light-harvesting complexes (LHC). The asymmetric distribution of the water molecules near the ETC branches modulated their electrostatic landscape, distinctly in the space between the quinones and FX. The data also disclosed the first observation of eukaryotic PSI oligomerisation through a low-resolution PSI dimer that was comprised of PSI-10LHC and PSI-8LHC. Caspy et al. report the structure of PSI from a temperature-sensitive photoautotrophic PSII mutant of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (TSP4), and report the distribution of conserved water molecules in the structure from cyanobacterial to higher plant PSI. They suggest that the asymmetric distribution of water molecules near the electron transfer chain modulates the electron transfer from quinones to FX.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ido Caspy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Tom Schwartz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Vinzenz Bayro-Kaiser
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Mariia Fadeeva
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Amit Kessel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Nir Ben-Tal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Nathan Nelson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Fujiwara T, Hirooka S, Miyagishima SY. A cotransformation system of the unicellular red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae with blasticidin S deaminase and chloramphenicol acetyltransferase selectable markers. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:573. [PMID: 34863100 PMCID: PMC8642924 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03365-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The unicellular red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae exhibits a very simple cellular and genomic architecture. In addition, procedures for genetic modifications, such as gene targeting by homologous recombination and inducible/repressible gene expression, have been developed. However, only two markers for selecting transformants, uracil synthase (URA) and chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT), are available in this alga. Therefore, manipulation of two or more different chromosomal loci in the same strain in C. merolae is limited. RESULTS This study developed a nuclear targeting and transformant selection system using an antibiotics blasticidin S (BS) and the BS deaminase (BSD) selectable marker by homologous recombination in C. merolae. In addition, this study has succeeded in simultaneously modifying two different chromosomal loci by a single-step cotransformation based on the combination of BSD and CAT selectable markers. A C. merolae strain that expresses mitochondrion-targeted mSCARLET (with the BSD marker) and mVENUS (with the CAT marker) from different chromosomal loci was generated with this procedure. CONCLUSIONS The newly developed BSD selectable marker enables an additional genetic modification to the already generated C. merolae transformants based on the URA or CAT system. Furthermore, the cotransformation system facilitates multiple genetic modifications. These methods and the simple nature of the C. merolae cellular and genomic architecture will facilitate studies on several phenomena common to photosynthetic eukaryotes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Fujiwara
- Department of Gene Function and Phenomics, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, 411-8540, Japan.
- Department of Genetics, Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Mishima, Shizuoka, 411-8540, Japan.
| | - Shunsuke Hirooka
- Department of Gene Function and Phenomics, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, 411-8540, Japan
| | - Shin-Ya Miyagishima
- Department of Gene Function and Phenomics, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, 411-8540, Japan.
- Department of Genetics, Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Mishima, Shizuoka, 411-8540, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Bai T, Guo L, Xu M, Tian L. Structural Diversity of Photosystem I and Its Light-Harvesting System in Eukaryotic Algae and Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:781035. [PMID: 34917114 PMCID: PMC8669154 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.781035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Photosystem I (PSI) is one of the most efficient photoelectric apparatus in nature, converting solar energy into condensed chemical energy with almost 100% quantum efficiency. The ability of PSI to attain such high conversion efficiency depends on the precise spatial arrangement of its protein subunits and binding cofactors. The PSI structures of oxygenic photosynthetic organisms, namely cyanobacteria, eukaryotic algae, and plants, have undergone great variation during their evolution, especially in eukaryotic algae and vascular plants for which light-harvesting complexes (LHCI) developed that surround the PSI core complex. A detailed understanding of the functional and structural properties of this PSI-LHCI is not only an important foundation for understanding the evolution of photosynthetic organisms but is also useful for designing future artificial photochemical devices. Recently, the structures of such PSI-LHCI supercomplexes from red alga, green alga, diatoms, and plants were determined by X-ray crystallography and single-particle cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM). These findings provide new insights into the various structural adjustments of PSI, especially with respect to the diversity of peripheral antenna systems arising via evolutionary processes. Here, we review the structural details of the PSI tetramer in cyanobacteria and the PSI-LHCI and PSI-LHCI-LHCII supercomplexes from different algae and plants, and then discuss the diversity of PSI-LHCI in oxygenic photosynthesis organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lirong Tian
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Plant LHC-like proteins show robust folding and static non-photochemical quenching. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6890. [PMID: 34824207 PMCID: PMC8617258 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27155-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Life on Earth depends on photosynthesis, the conversion of light energy into chemical energy. Plants collect photons by light harvesting complexes (LHC)-abundant membrane proteins containing chlorophyll and xanthophyll molecules. LHC-like proteins are similar in their amino acid sequence to true LHC antennae, however, they rather serve a photoprotective function. Whether the LHC-like proteins bind pigments has remained unclear. Here, we characterize plant LHC-like proteins (LIL3 and ELIP2) produced in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 (hereafter Synechocystis). Both proteins were associated with chlorophyll a (Chl) and zeaxanthin and LIL3 was shown to be capable of quenching Chl fluorescence via direct energy transfer from the Chl Qy state to zeaxanthin S1 state. Interestingly, the ability of the ELIP2 protein to quench can be acquired by modifying its N-terminal sequence. By employing Synechocystis carotenoid mutants and site-directed mutagenesis we demonstrate that, although LIL3 does not need pigments for folding, pigments stabilize the LIL3 dimer.
Collapse
|
39
|
Fattore N, Savio S, Vera‐Vives AM, Battistuzzi M, Moro I, La Rocca N, Morosinotto T. Acclimation of photosynthetic apparatus in the mesophilic red alga Dixoniella giordanoi. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 173:805-817. [PMID: 34171145 PMCID: PMC8596783 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Eukaryotic algae are photosynthetic organisms capable of exploiting sunlight to fix carbon dioxide into biomass with highly variable genetic and metabolic features. Information on algae metabolism from different species is inhomogeneous and, while green algae are, in general, more characterized, information on red algae is relatively scarce despite their relevant position in eukaryotic algae diversity. Within red algae, the best-known species are extremophiles or multicellular, while information on mesophilic unicellular organisms is still lacunose. Here, we investigate the photosynthetic properties of a recently isolated seawater unicellular mesophilic red alga, Dixoniella giordanoi. Upon exposure to different illuminations, D. giordanoi shows the ability to acclimate, modulate chlorophyll content, and re-organize thylakoid membranes. Phycobilisome content is also largely regulated, leading to almost complete disassembly of this antenna system in cells grown under intense illumination. Despite the absence of a light-induced xanthophyll cycle, cells accumulate zeaxanthin upon prolonged exposure to strong light, likely contributing to photoprotection. D. giordanoi cells show the ability to perform cyclic electron transport that is enhanced under strong illumination, likely contributing to the protection of Photosystem I from over-reduction and enabling cells to survive PSII photoinhibition without negative impact on growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Simone Savio
- Department of BiologyUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly
| | | | - Mariano Battistuzzi
- Department of BiologyUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly
- Centro di Ateneo di Studi e Attività Spaziali (CISAS) “Giuseppe Colombo”University of PadovaPadovaItaly
| | - Isabella Moro
- Department of BiologyUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Hippler M, Nelson N. The Plasticity of Photosystem I. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 62:1073-1081. [PMID: 33768246 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcab046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Most of life's energy comes from sunlight, and thus, photosynthesis underpins the survival of virtually all life forms. The light-driven electron transfer at photosystem I (PSI) is certainly the most important generator of reducing power at the cellular level and thereby largely determines the global amount of enthalpy in living systems (Nelson 2011). The PSI is a light-driven plastocyanin:ferredoxin oxidoreductase, which is embedded into thylakoid membranes of cyanobacteria and chloroplasts of eukaryotic photosynthetic organism. Structural determination of complexes of the photosynthetic machinery is vital for the understanding of its mode of action. Here, we describe new structural and functional insights into PSI and associated light-harvesting proteins, with a focus on the plasticity of PSI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hippler
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Münster 48143, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Nathan Nelson
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Xu C, Zhu Q, Chen JH, Shen L, Yi X, Huang Z, Wang W, Chen M, Kuang T, Shen JR, Zhang X, Han G. A unique photosystem I reaction center from a chlorophyll d-containing cyanobacterium Acaryochloris marina. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 63:1740-1752. [PMID: 34002536 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Photosystem I (PSI) is a large protein supercomplex that catalyzes the light-dependent oxidation of plastocyanin (or cytochrome c6 ) and the reduction of ferredoxin. This catalytic reaction is realized by a transmembrane electron transfer chain consisting of primary electron donor (a special chlorophyll (Chl) pair) and electron acceptors A0 , A1 , and three Fe4 S4 clusters, FX , FA , and FB . Here we report the PSI structure from a Chl d-dominated cyanobacterium Acaryochloris marina at 3.3 Å resolution obtained by single-particle cryo-electron microscopy. The A. marina PSI exists as a trimer with three identical monomers. Surprisingly, the structure reveals a unique composition of electron transfer chain in which the primary electron acceptor A0 is composed of two pheophytin a rather than Chl a found in any other well-known PSI structures. A novel subunit Psa27 is observed in the A. marina PSI structure. In addition, 77 Chls, 13 α-carotenes, two phylloquinones, three Fe-S clusters, two phosphatidyl glycerols, and one monogalactosyl-diglyceride were identified in each PSI monomer. Our results provide a structural basis for deciphering the mechanism of photosynthesis in a PSI complex with Chl d as the dominating pigments and absorbing far-red light.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caihuang Xu
- Department of Biophysics and Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Qingjun Zhu
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jing-Hua Chen
- Department of Biophysics and Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Center of Cryo-Electron Microscopy, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Liangliang Shen
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaohan Yi
- Department of Biophysics and Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zihui Huang
- Department of Biophysics and Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Wenda Wang
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Min Chen
- School of Life and Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW2006, Australia
| | - Tingyun Kuang
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Jian-Ren Shen
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- Division of Photosynthesis and Structural Biology, Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, and Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Xing Zhang
- Department of Biophysics and Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Center of Cryo-Electron Microscopy, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Guangye Han
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Miyagishima SY, Tanaka K. The Unicellular Red Alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae-The Simplest Model of a Photosynthetic Eukaryote. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 62:926-941. [PMID: 33836072 PMCID: PMC8504449 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcab052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Several species of unicellular eukaryotic algae exhibit relatively simple genomic and cellular architecture. Laboratory cultures of these algae grow faster than plants and often provide homogeneous cellular populations exposed to an almost equal environment. These characteristics are ideal for conducting experiments at the cellular and subcellular levels. Many microalgal lineages have recently become genetically tractable, which have started to evoke new streams of studies. Among such algae, the unicellular red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae is the simplest organism; it possesses the minimum number of membranous organelles, only 4,775 protein-coding genes in the nucleus, and its cell cycle progression can be highly synchronized with the diel cycle. These properties facilitate diverse omics analyses of cellular proliferation and structural analyses of the intracellular relationship among organelles. C. merolae cells lack a rigid cell wall and are thus relatively easily disrupted, facilitating biochemical analyses. Multiple chromosomal loci can be edited by highly efficient homologous recombination. The procedures for the inducible/repressive expression of a transgene or an endogenous gene in the nucleus and for chloroplast genome modification have also been developed. Here, we summarize the features and experimental techniques of C. merolae and provide examples of studies using this alga. From these studies, it is clear that C. merolae-either alone or in comparative and combinatory studies with other photosynthetic organisms-can provide significant insights into the biology of photosynthetic eukaryotes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Ya Miyagishima
- * Corresponding authors: Shin-Ya Miyagishima, E-mail: ; Fax, +81-55-981-9412; Kan Tanaka, E-mail:
| | - Kan Tanaka
- * Corresponding authors: Shin-Ya Miyagishima, E-mail: ; Fax, +81-55-981-9412; Kan Tanaka, E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Zheng L, Zheng Z, Li X, Wang G, Zhang K, Wei P, Zhao J, Gao N. Structural insight into the mechanism of energy transfer in cyanobacterial phycobilisomes. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5497. [PMID: 34535665 PMCID: PMC8448738 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25813-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Phycobilisomes (PBS) are the major light-harvesting machineries for photosynthesis in cyanobacteria and red algae and they have a hierarchical structure of a core and peripheral rods, with both consisting of phycobiliproteins and linker proteins. Here we report the cryo-EM structures of PBS from two cyanobacterial species, Anabaena 7120 and Synechococcus 7002. Both PBS are hemidiscoidal in shape and share a common triangular core structure. While the Anabaena PBS has two additional hexamers in the core linked by the 4th linker domain of ApcE (LCM). The PBS structures predict that, compared with the PBS from red algae, the cyanobacterial PBS could have more direct routes for energy transfer to ApcD. Structure-based systematic mutagenesis analysis of the chromophore environment of ApcD and ApcF subunits reveals that aromatic residues are critical to excitation energy transfer (EET). The structures also suggest that the linker protein could actively participate in the process of EET in both rods and the cores. These results provide insights into the organization of chromophores and the mechanisms of EET within cyanobacterial PBS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lvqin Zheng
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, National Biomedical Imaging Center, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China
| | - Zhenggao Zheng
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China ,grid.410645.20000 0001 0455 0905College of Life Science, Qingdao University, 266071 Qingdao, China
| | - Xiying Li
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China
| | - Guopeng Wang
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, National Biomedical Imaging Center, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China
| | - Peijun Wei
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China
| | - Jindong Zhao
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China ,grid.429211.d0000 0004 1792 6029Key Laboratory of Phycology of CAS, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 430072 Wuhan, Hubei China
| | - Ning Gao
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, National Biomedical Imaging Center, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Arshad R, Calvaruso C, Boekema EJ, Büchel C, Kouřil R. Revealing the architecture of the photosynthetic apparatus in the diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 186:2124-2136. [PMID: 33944951 PMCID: PMC8331139 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Diatoms are a large group of marine algae that are responsible for about one-quarter of global carbon fixation. Light-harvesting complexes of diatoms are formed by the fucoxanthin chlorophyll a/c proteins and their overall organization around core complexes of photosystems (PSs) I and II is unique in the plant kingdom. Using cryo-electron tomography, we have elucidated the structural organization of PSII and PSI supercomplexes and their spatial segregation in the thylakoid membrane of the model diatom species Thalassiosira pseudonana. 3D sub-volume averaging revealed that the PSII supercomplex of T. pseudonana incorporates a trimeric form of light-harvesting antenna, which differs from the tetrameric antenna observed previously in another diatom, Chaetoceros gracilis. Surprisingly, the organization of the PSI supercomplex is conserved in both diatom species. These results strongly suggest that different diatom classes have various architectures of PSII as an adaptation strategy, whilst a convergent evolution occurred concerning PSI and the overall plastid structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rameez Arshad
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University, Olomouc 78371, Czech Republic
- Electron Microscopy Group, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen 9747AG, The Netherlands
| | - Claudio Calvaruso
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, Goethe University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt 60438, Germany
| | - Egbert J Boekema
- Electron Microscopy Group, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen 9747AG, The Netherlands
| | - Claudia Büchel
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, Goethe University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt 60438, Germany
| | - Roman Kouřil
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University, Olomouc 78371, Czech Republic
- Author for communication:
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Wang J, Yu LJ, Wang W, Yan Q, Kuang T, Qin X, Shen JR. Structure of plant photosystem I-light harvesting complex I supercomplex at 2.4 Å resolution. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 63:1367-1381. [PMID: 33788400 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Photosystem I (PSI) is one of the two photosystems in photosynthesis, and performs a series of electron transfer reactions leading to the reduction of ferredoxin. In higher plants, PSI is surrounded by four light-harvesting complex I (LHCI) subunits, which harvest and transfer energy efficiently to the PSI core. The crystal structure of PSI-LHCI supercomplex has been analyzed up to 2.6 Å resolution, providing much information on the arrangement of proteins and cofactors in this complicated supercomplex. Here we have optimized crystallization conditions, and analyzed the crystal structure of PSI-LHCI at 2.4 Å resolution. Our structure showed some shift of the LHCI, especially the Lhca4 subunit, away from the PSI core, suggesting the indirect connection and inefficiency of energy transfer from this Lhca subunit to the PSI core. We identified five new lipids in the structure, most of them are located in the gap region between the Lhca subunits and the PSI core. These lipid molecules may play important roles in binding of the Lhca subunits to the core, as well as in the assembly of the supercomplex. The present results thus provide novel information for the elucidation of the mechanisms for the light-energy harvesting, transfer and assembly of this supercomplex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Long-Jiang Yu
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Wenda Wang
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Qiujing Yan
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Tingyun Kuang
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Xiaochun Qin
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Jian-Ren Shen
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, and Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Hamaguchi T, Kawakami K, Shinzawa-Itoh K, Inoue-Kashino N, Itoh S, Ifuku K, Yamashita E, Maeda K, Yonekura K, Kashino Y. Structure of the far-red light utilizing photosystem I of Acaryochloris marina. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2333. [PMID: 33879791 PMCID: PMC8058080 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22502-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Acaryochloris marina is one of the cyanobacterial species that can use far-red light to drive photochemical reactions for oxygenic photosynthesis. Here, we report the structure of A. marina photosystem I (PSI) reaction center, determined by cryo-electron microscopy at 2.58 Å resolution. The structure reveals an arrangement of electron carriers and light-harvesting pigments distinct from other type I reaction centers. The paired chlorophyll, or special pair (also referred to as P740 in this case), is a dimer of chlorophyll d and its epimer chlorophyll d'. The primary electron acceptor is pheophytin a, a metal-less chlorin. We show the architecture of this PSI reaction center is composed of 11 subunits and we identify key components that help explain how the low energy yield from far-red light is efficiently utilized for driving oxygenic photosynthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tasuku Hamaguchi
- Biostructural Mechanism Laboratory, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Kawakami
- Research Center for Artificial Photosynthesis (ReCAP), Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, Japan.
- Biostructural Mechanism Laboratory, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo, Hyogo, Japan.
| | | | | | - Shigeru Itoh
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kentaro Ifuku
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Eiki Yamashita
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Crystallography, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kou Maeda
- Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, Ako-gun, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Koji Yonekura
- Biostructural Mechanism Laboratory, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo, Hyogo, Japan.
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Yasuhiro Kashino
- Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, Ako-gun, Hyogo, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Korotych OI, Nguyen TT, Reagan BC, Burch-Smith TM, Bruce BD. Poly(styrene-co-maleic acid)-mediated isolation of supramolecular membrane protein complexes from plant thylakoids. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOENERGETICS 2021; 1862:148347. [PMID: 33253667 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2020.148347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Derivatives of poly(styrene-co-maleic acid) (pSMA), have recently emerged as effective reagents for extracting membrane protein complexes from biological membranes. Despite recent progress in using SMAs to study artificial and bacterial membranes, very few reports have addressed their use in studying the highly abundant and well characterized thylakoid membranes. Recently, we tested the ability of twelve commercially available SMA copolymers with different physicochemical properties to extract membrane protein complexes (MPCs) from spinach thylakoid membrane. Based on the efficacy of both protein and chlorophyll extraction, we have found five highly efficient SMA copolymers: SMA® 1440, XIRAN® 25010, XIRAN® 30010, SMA® 17352, and SMA® PRO 10235, that show promise in extracting MPCs from chloroplast thylakoids. To further advance the application of these polymers for studying biomembrane organization, we have examined the composition of thylakoid supramolecular protein complexes extracted by the five SMA polymers mentioned above. Two commonly studied plants, spinach (Spinacia oleracea) and pea (Pisum sativum), were used for extraction as model biomembranes. We found that the pSMAs differentially extract protein complexes from spinach and pea thylakoids. Based on their differential activity, which correlates with the polymer chemical structure, pSMAs can be divided into two groups: unfunctionalized polymers and ester derivatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olena I Korotych
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee at Knoxville, TN 37996, United States of America
| | - Thao T Nguyen
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee at Knoxville, TN 37996, United States of America
| | - Brandon C Reagan
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee at Knoxville, TN 37996, United States of America
| | - Tessa M Burch-Smith
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee at Knoxville, TN 37996, United States of America
| | - Barry D Bruce
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee at Knoxville, TN 37996, United States of America; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee at Knoxville, TN 37996, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Huang Z, Shen L, Wang W, Mao Z, Yi X, Kuang T, Shen JR, Zhang X, Han G. Structure of photosystem I-LHCI-LHCII from the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii in State 2. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1100. [PMID: 33597543 PMCID: PMC7889890 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21362-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Photosystem I (PSI) and II (PSII) balance their light energy distribution absorbed by their light-harvesting complexes (LHCs) through state transition to maintain the maximum photosynthetic performance and to avoid photodamage. In state 2, a part of LHCII moves to PSI, forming a PSI-LHCI-LHCII supercomplex. The green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii exhibits state transition to a far larger extent than higher plants. Here we report the cryo-electron microscopy structure of a PSI-LHCI-LHCII supercomplex in state 2 from C. reinhardtii at 3.42 Å resolution. The result reveals that the PSI-LHCI-LHCII of C. reinhardtii binds two LHCII trimers in addition to ten LHCI subunits. The PSI core subunits PsaO and PsaH, which were missed or not well-resolved in previous Cr-PSI-LHCI structures, are observed. The present results reveal the organization and assembly of PSI core subunits, LHCI and LHCII, pigment arrangement, and possible pathways of energy transfer from peripheral antennae to the PSI core.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zihui Huang
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Biophysics, and Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Liangliang Shen
- grid.435133.30000 0004 0596 3367Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
| | - Wenda Wang
- grid.435133.30000 0004 0596 3367Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyuan Mao
- grid.435133.30000 0004 0596 3367Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohan Yi
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Biophysics, and Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Tingyun Kuang
- grid.435133.30000 0004 0596 3367Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Ren Shen
- grid.435133.30000 0004 0596 3367Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China ,grid.261356.50000 0001 1302 4472Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, and Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Xing Zhang
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Biophysics, and Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XCenter of Cryo-Electron Microscopy, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XZhejiang Laboratory for System and Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Guangye Han
- grid.435133.30000 0004 0596 3367Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Yan Q, Zhao L, Wang W, Pi X, Han G, Wang J, Cheng L, He YK, Kuang T, Qin X, Sui SF, Shen JR. Antenna arrangement and energy-transfer pathways of PSI-LHCI from the moss Physcomitrella patens. Cell Discov 2021; 7:10. [PMID: 33589616 PMCID: PMC7884438 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-021-00242-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants harvest light energy utilized for photosynthesis by light-harvesting complex I and II (LHCI and LHCII) surrounding photosystem I and II (PSI and PSII), respectively. During the evolution of green plants, moss is at an evolutionarily intermediate position from aquatic photosynthetic organisms to land plants, being the first photosynthetic organisms that landed. Here, we report the structure of the PSI–LHCI supercomplex from the moss Physcomitrella patens (Pp) at 3.23 Å resolution solved by cryo-electron microscopy. Our structure revealed that four Lhca subunits are associated with the PSI core in an order of Lhca1–Lhca5–Lhca2–Lhca3. This number is much decreased from 8 to 10, the number of subunits in most green algal PSI–LHCI, but the same as those of land plants. Although Pp PSI–LHCI has a similar structure as PSI–LHCI of land plants, it has Lhca5, instead of Lhca4, in the second position of Lhca, and several differences were found in the arrangement of chlorophylls among green algal, moss, and land plant PSI–LHCI. One chlorophyll, PsaF–Chl 305, which is found in the moss PSI–LHCI, is located at the gap region between the two middle Lhca subunits and the PSI core, and therefore may make the excitation energy transfer from LHCI to the core more efficient than that of land plants. On the other hand, energy-transfer paths at the two side Lhca subunits are relatively conserved. These results provide a structural basis for unravelling the mechanisms of light-energy harvesting and transfer in the moss PSI–LHCI, as well as important clues on the changes of PSI–LHCI after landing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiujing Yan
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology & Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Wenda Wang
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Xiong Pi
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology & Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Guangye Han
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lingpeng Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology & Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yi-Kun He
- College of Life Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Tingyun Kuang
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Xiaochun Qin
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, 250022, China.
| | - Sen-Fang Sui
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology & Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China. .,Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China.
| | - Jian-Ren Shen
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China. .,Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, and Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Zheng Z, He B, Xie X, Wang G. Co-suppression in Pyropia yezoensis (Rhodophyta) Reveals the Role of PyLHCI in Light Harvesting and Generation Switch. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2021; 57:160-171. [PMID: 32965671 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The red macroalga Pyropia yezoensis is an economically important seaweed widely cultured in Asian countries and is a model organism for molecular biological and commercial research. This species is unique in that it utilizes both phycobilisomes and transmembrane light-harvesting proteins as its antenna system. Here, one of the genes of P. yezoensis (PyLHCI) was selected for introduction into its genome to overexpress PyLHCI. However, the co-suppression phenomenon occurred. This is the first documentation of co-suppression in algae, in which it exhibits a different mechanism from that in higher plants. The transformant (T1) was demonstrated to have higher phycobilisomes and lower LHC binding pigments, resulting in a redder color, higher sensitivity to salt stress, smaller in size, and slower growth rate than the wildtype (WT). The photosynthetic performances of T1 and WT showed similar characteristics; however, P700 reduction was slower in T1. Most importantly, T1 could release a high percentage of carpospores in young blades to switch generation during its life cycle, which was rarely seen in WT. The co-suppression of PyLHCI revealed its key roles in light harvesting, stress resistance, and generation alternation (generation switch from gametophytes to sporophytes, and reproduction from asexual to sexual).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenbing Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Bangxiang He
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiujun Xie
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Guangce Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| |
Collapse
|