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Marcus MS, Hergoualc'h K, Honorio Coronado EN, Gutiérrez-Vélez VH. Spatial distribution of degradation and deforestation of palm swamp peatlands and associated carbon emissions in the Peruvian Amazon. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 351:119665. [PMID: 38086114 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
The vast peat deposits in the Peruvian Amazon are crucial to the global climate. Palm swamp, the most extensive regional peatland ecosystem faces different threats, including deforestation and degradation due to felling of the dominant palm Mauritia flexuosa for fruit harvesting. While these activities convert this natural C sink into a source, the distribution of degradation and deforestation in this ecosystem and related C emissions remain unstudied. We used remote sensing data from Landsat, ALOS-PALSAR, and NASA's GEDI spaceborne LiDAR-derived products to map palm swamp degradation and deforestation within a 28 Mha area of the lowland Peruvian Amazon in 1990-2007 and 2007-2018. We combined this information with a regional peat map, C stock density data and peat emission factors to determine (1) peatland C stocks of peat-forming ecosystems (palm swamp, herbaceous swamp, pole forest), and (2) areas of palm swamp peatland degradation and deforestation and associated C emissions. In the 6.9 ± 0.1 Mha of predicted peat-forming ecosystems within the larger 28 Mha study area, 73% overlaid peat (5.1 ± 0.9 Mha) and stored 3.88 ± 0.12 Pg C. Degradation and deforestation in palm swamp peatlands totaled 535,423 ± 8,419 ha over 1990-2018, with a pronounced dominance for degradation (85%). The degradation rate increased 15% from 15,400 ha y-1 (1990-2007) to 17,650 ha y-1 (2007-2018) and the deforestation rate more than doubled from 1,900 ha y-1 to 4,200 ha y-1. Over 1990-2018, emissions from degradation amounted to 26.3 ± 3.5 Tg C and emissions from deforestation were 12.9 ± 0.5 Tg C. The 2007-2018 emission rate from both biomass and peat loss of 1.9 Tg C yr-1 is four times the average biomass loss rate due to gross deforestation in 2010-2019 reported for the hydromorphic Peruvian Amazon. The magnitude of emissions calls for the country to account for deforestation and degradation of peatlands in national reporting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S Marcus
- Temple University, Department of Geography and Urban Studies, Philadelphia, PA, USA; University of Arizona, School of Geography, Development and Environment, Tucson, AZ, USA.
| | - Kristell Hergoualc'h
- Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), Lima, Peru; Centre de coopération International en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD), UMR Eco&Sols, Montpellier, France
| | - Eurídice N Honorio Coronado
- School of Geography and Sustainable Development, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9AL, United Kingdom
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2
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Robroek BJM, Devilee G, Telgenkamp Y, Härlin C, Steele MN, Barel JM, Lamers LPM. More is not always better: peat moss mixtures slightly enhance peatland stability. Proc Biol Sci 2024; 291:20232622. [PMID: 38196366 PMCID: PMC10777156 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2023.2622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Terrestrial wetland ecosystems challenge biodiversity-ecosystem function theory, which generally links high species diversity to stable ecosystem functions. An open question in ecosystem ecology is whether assemblages of co-occurring peat mosses contribute to the stability of peatland ecosystem processes. We conducted a two-species (Sphagnum cuspidatum, Sphagnum medium) replacement series mesocosm experiment to evaluate the resistance, resilience, and recovery rates of net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE) under mild and deep water table drawdown. Our results show a positive effect of mild water table drawdown on NEE with no apparent role for peat moss mixture. Our study indicates that the carbon uptake capacity by peat moss mixtures is rather resilient to mild water table drawdown, but seriously affected by deeper drought conditions. Co-occurring peat moss species seem to enhance the resilience of the carbon uptake function (i.e. ability of NEE to return to pre-perturbation levels) of peat moss mixtures only slightly. These findings suggest that assemblages of co-occurring Sphagnum mosses do only marginally contribute to the stability of ecosystem functions in peatlands under drought conditions. Above all, our results highlight that predicted severe droughts can gravely affect the sink capacity of peatlands, with only a small extenuating role for peat moss mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bjorn J. M. Robroek
- Department of Ecology, Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Giulia Devilee
- Department of Ecology, Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Ecosystem and Landscape Dynamics, Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED-ELD), University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94240, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yvet Telgenkamp
- Department of Ecology, Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Carina Härlin
- Länsstyrelsen i Jönköpings län, Store Mosse Nationalpark, 335 74 Hillerstorp, Sweden
| | - Magdalena N. Steele
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Janna M. Barel
- Department of Ecology, Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Leon P. M. Lamers
- Department of Ecology, Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Pavia MJ, Finn D, Macedo-Tafur F, Tello-Espinoza R, Penaccio C, Bouskill N, Cadillo-Quiroz H. Genes and genome-resolved metagenomics reveal the microbial functional make up of Amazon peatlands under geochemical gradients. Environ Microbiol 2023; 25:2388-2403. [PMID: 37501535 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The Pastaza-Marañón Foreland Basin (PMFB) holds the most extensive tropical peatland area in South America. PMFB peatlands store ~7.07 Gt of organic carbon interacting with multiple microbial heterotrophic, methanogenic, and other aerobic/anaerobic respirations. Little is understood about the contribution of distinct microbial community members inhabiting tropical peatlands. Here, we studied the metagenomes of three geochemically distinct peatlands spanning minerotrophic, mixed, and ombrotrophic conditions. Using gene- and genome-centric approaches, we evaluate the functional potential of the underlying microbial communities. Abundance analyses show significant differences in C, N, P, and S acquisition genes. Furthermore, community interactions mediated by toxin-antitoxin and CRISPR-Cas systems were enriched in oligotrophic soils, suggesting that non-metabolic interactions may exert additional controls in low-nutrient environments. Additionally, we reconstructed 519 metagenome-assembled genomes spanning 28 phyla. Our analyses detail key differences across the geochemical gradient in the predicted microbial populations involved in degradation of organic matter, and the cycling of N and S. Notably, we observed differences in the nitric oxide (NO) reduction strategies between sites with high and low N2 O fluxes and found phyla putatively capable of both NO and sulfate reduction. Our findings detail how gene abundances and microbial populations are influenced by geochemical differences in tropical peatlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Pavia
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
- Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Damien Finn
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Franco Macedo-Tafur
- Laboratory of Soil Research, Research Institute of Amazonia's Natural Resources, National University of the Peruvian Amazon, Iquitos, Loreto, Peru
| | - Rodil Tello-Espinoza
- Laboratory of Soil Research, Research Institute of Amazonia's Natural Resources, National University of the Peruvian Amazon, Iquitos, Loreto, Peru
- School of Forestry, National University of the Peruvian Amazon, Iquitos, Loreto, Peru
| | - Christa Penaccio
- Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Nicholas Bouskill
- Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Hinsby Cadillo-Quiroz
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
- Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
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4
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AminiTabrizi R, Graf-Grachet N, Chu RK, Toyoda JG, Hoyt DW, Hamdan R, Wilson RM, Tfaily MM. Microbial sensitivity to temperature and sulfate deposition modulates greenhouse gas emissions from peat soils. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:1951-1970. [PMID: 36740729 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Peatlands are among the largest natural sources of atmospheric methane (CH4 ) worldwide. Microbial processes play a key role in regulating CH4 emissions from peatland ecosystems, yet the complex interplay between soil substrates and microbial communities in controlling CH4 emissions as a function of global change remains unclear. Herein, we performed an integrated analysis of multi-omics data sets to provide a comprehensive understanding of the molecular processes driving changes in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in peatland ecosystems with increasing temperature and sulfate deposition in a laboratory incubation study. We sought to first investigate how increasing temperatures (4, 21, and 35°C) impact soil microbiome-metabolome interactions; then explore the competition between methanogens and sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRBs) with increasing sulfate concentrations at the optimum temperature for methanogenesis. Our results revealed that peat soil organic matter degradation, mediated by biotic and potentially abiotic processes, is the main driver of the increase in CO2 production with temperature. In contrast, the decrease in CH4 production at 35°C was linked to the absence of syntrophic communities and the potential inhibitory effect of phenols on methanogens. Elevated temperatures further induced the microbial communities to develop high growth yield and stress tolerator trait-based strategies leading to a shift in their composition and function. On the other hand, SRBs were able to outcompete methanogens in the presence of non-limiting sulfate concentrations at 21°C, thereby reducing CH4 emissions. At higher sulfate concentrations, however, the prevalence of communities capable of producing sufficient low-molecular-weight carbon substrates for the coexistence of SRBs and methanogens was translated into elevated CH4 emissions. The use of omics in this study enhanced our understanding of the structure and interactions among microbes with the abiotic components of the system that can be useful for mitigating GHG emissions from peatland ecosystems in the face of global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roya AminiTabrizi
- Department of Environmental Science, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Nathalia Graf-Grachet
- Department of Environmental Science, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Rosalie K Chu
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
| | - Jason G Toyoda
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
| | - David W Hoyt
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
| | - Rasha Hamdan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rachel M Wilson
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Malak M Tfaily
- Department of Environmental Science, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
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5
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Deshmukh CS, Susanto AP, Nardi N, Nurholis N, Kurnianto S, Suardiwerianto Y, Hendrizal M, Rhinaldy A, Mahfiz RE, Desai AR, Page SE, Cobb AR, Hirano T, Guérin F, Serça D, Prairie YT, Agus F, Astiani D, Sabiham S, Evans CD. Net greenhouse gas balance of fibre wood plantation on peat in Indonesia. Nature 2023; 616:740-746. [PMID: 37020018 PMCID: PMC10132972 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-05860-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Tropical peatlands cycle and store large amounts of carbon in their soil and biomass1-5. Climate and land-use change alters greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes of tropical peatlands, but the magnitude of these changes remains highly uncertain6-19. Here we measure net ecosystem exchanges of carbon dioxide, methane and soil nitrous oxide fluxes between October 2016 and May 2022 from Acacia crassicarpa plantation, degraded forest and intact forest within the same peat landscape, representing land-cover-change trajectories in Sumatra, Indonesia. This allows us to present a full plantation rotation GHG flux balance in a fibre wood plantation on peatland. We find that the Acacia plantation has lower GHG emissions than the degraded site with a similar average groundwater level (GWL), despite more intensive land use. The GHG emissions from the Acacia plantation over a full plantation rotation (35.2 ± 4.7 tCO2-eq ha-1 year-1, average ± standard deviation) were around two times higher than those from the intact forest (20.3 ± 3.7 tCO2-eq ha-1 year-1), but only half of the current Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Tier 1 emission factor (EF)20 for this land use. Our results can help to reduce the uncertainty in GHG emissions estimates, provide an estimate of the impact of land-use change on tropical peat and develop science-based peatland management practices as nature-based climate solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra S Deshmukh
- Asia Pacific Resources International Ltd., Pelalawan Regency, Indonesia.
| | - Ari P Susanto
- Asia Pacific Resources International Ltd., Pelalawan Regency, Indonesia
| | - Nardi Nardi
- Asia Pacific Resources International Ltd., Pelalawan Regency, Indonesia
| | - Nurholis Nurholis
- Asia Pacific Resources International Ltd., Pelalawan Regency, Indonesia
| | - Sofyan Kurnianto
- Asia Pacific Resources International Ltd., Pelalawan Regency, Indonesia
| | | | - M Hendrizal
- Asia Pacific Resources International Ltd., Pelalawan Regency, Indonesia
| | - Ade Rhinaldy
- Asia Pacific Resources International Ltd., Pelalawan Regency, Indonesia
| | - Reyzaldi E Mahfiz
- Asia Pacific Resources International Ltd., Pelalawan Regency, Indonesia
| | - Ankur R Desai
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Susan E Page
- School of Geography, Geology and the Environment, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Alexander R Cobb
- Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Takashi Hirano
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Frédéric Guérin
- Géosciences Environnement Toulouse, CNRS, IRD, Université Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Dominique Serça
- LAERO, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, IRD, UT3, Toulouse, France
| | - Yves T Prairie
- UNESCO Chair in Global Environmental Change, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Fahmuddin Agus
- National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong, Indonesia
| | - Dwi Astiani
- Faculty of Forestry, Tanjungpura University, Pontianak, Indonesia
| | - Supiandi Sabiham
- Department of Soil Science and Land Resources, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
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6
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Buessecker S, Sarno AF, Reynolds MC, Chavan R, Park J, Fontánez Ortiz M, Pérez-Castillo AG, Panduro Pisco G, Urquiza-Muñoz JD, Reis LP, Ferreira-Ferreira J, Furtunato Maia JM, Holbert KE, Penton CR, Hall SJ, Gandhi H, Boëchat IG, Gücker B, Ostrom NE, Cadillo-Quiroz H. Coupled abiotic-biotic cycling of nitrous oxide in tropical peatlands. Nat Ecol Evol 2022; 6:1881-1890. [PMID: 36202923 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-022-01892-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Atmospheric nitrous oxide (N2O) is a potent greenhouse gas thought to be mainly derived from microbial metabolism as part of the denitrification pathway. Here we report that in unexplored peat soils of Central and South America, N2O production can be driven by abiotic reactions (≤98%) highly competitive to their enzymatic counterparts. Extracted soil iron positively correlated with in situ abiotic N2O production determined by isotopic tracers. Moreover, we found that microbial N2O reduction accompanied abiotic production, essentially closing a coupled abiotic-biotic N2O cycle. Anaerobic N2O consumption occurred ubiquitously (pH 6.4-3.7), with proportions of diverse clade II N2O reducers increasing with consumption rates. Our findings show that denitrification in tropical peat soils is not a purely biological process but rather a 'mosaic' of abiotic and biotic reduction reactions. We predict that hydrological and temperature fluctuations differentially affect abiotic and biotic drivers and further contribute to the high N2O flux variation in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Buessecker
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Analissa F Sarno
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Mark C Reynolds
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Ramani Chavan
- Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Jin Park
- Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | | | - Ana G Pérez-Castillo
- Environmental Pollution Research Center (CICA), University of Costa Rica, Montes de Oca, Costa Rica
| | - Grober Panduro Pisco
- School of Forestry and Environmental Sciences, Ucayali National University, Ucayali, Peru
| | - José David Urquiza-Muñoz
- Laboratory of Soil Research, Research Institute of Amazonia's Natural Resources, National University of the Peruvian Amazon, Iquitos, Loreto, Peru
- School of Forestry, National University of the Peruvian Amazon, Iquitos, Loreto, Peru
- Department for Biogeochemical Processes, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Leonardo P Reis
- Mamiraua Institute for Sustainable Development, Amazonia, Brazil
| | | | - Jair M Furtunato Maia
- Normal Superior School, Amazonas State University, Manaus, Amazonia, Brazil
- National Institute of Amazonian Research, Manaus, Amazonia, Brazil
| | - Keith E Holbert
- School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - C Ryan Penton
- College of Integrative Sciences and Arts, Arizona State University, Mesa, AZ, USA
| | - Sharon J Hall
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Hasand Gandhi
- Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Iola G Boëchat
- Applied Limnology Laboratory, Department of Geosciences, Federal University of São João del-Rei, São João del-Rei, Brazil
| | - Björn Gücker
- Applied Limnology Laboratory, Department of Geosciences, Federal University of São João del-Rei, São João del-Rei, Brazil
| | - Nathaniel E Ostrom
- Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Hinsby Cadillo-Quiroz
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
- Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
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7
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Liu L, Wang Z, Ma D, Zhang M, Fu L. Diversity and Distribution Characteristics of Soil Microbes across Forest-Peatland Ecotones in the Permafrost Regions. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14782. [PMID: 36429502 PMCID: PMC9690085 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192214782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Permafrost peatlands are a huge carbon pool that is uniquely sensitive to global warming. However, despite the importance of peatlands in global carbon sequestration and biogeochemical cycles, few studies have characterized the distribution characteristics and drivers of soil microbial community structure in forest-peatland ecotones. Here, we investigated the vertical distribution patterns of soil microbial communities in three typical peatlands along an environmental gradient using Illumina high-throughput sequencing. Our findings indicated that bacterial richness and diversity decreased with increasing soil depth in coniferous swamp (LT) and thicket swamp (HT), whereas the opposite trend was observed in a tussock swamp (NT). Additionally, these parameters decreased at 0-20 and 20-40 cm and increased at 40-60 cm along the environmental gradient (LT to NT). Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) indicated that the soil microbial community structure was more significantly affected by peatland type than soil depth. Actinomycetota, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Chloroflexota, Acidobacteriota, and Bacteroidota were the predominant bacterial phyla across all soil samples. Moreover, there were no significant differences in the functional pathways between the three peatlands at each depth, except for amino acid metabolism, membrane transport, cell motility, and signal transduction. Redundancy analysis (RDA) revealed that pH and soil water content were the primary environmental factors influencing the bacterial community structure. Therefore, this study is crucial to accurately forecast potential changes in peatland ecosystems and improve our understanding of the role of peat microbes as carbon pumps in the process of permafrost degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhongliang Wang
- Correspondence: (Z.W.); (D.M.); Tel.: +86-451-88060524 (Z.W. & D.M.)
| | - Dalong Ma
- Correspondence: (Z.W.); (D.M.); Tel.: +86-451-88060524 (Z.W. & D.M.)
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8
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Wang M, Guo X, Zhang S, Xiao L, Mishra U, Yang Y, Zhu B, Wang G, Mao X, Qian T, Jiang T, Shi Z, Luo Z. Global soil profiles indicate depth-dependent soil carbon losses under a warmer climate. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5514. [PMID: 36127349 PMCID: PMC9489695 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33278-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil organic carbon (SOC) changes under future climate warming are difficult to quantify in situ. Here we apply an innovative approach combining space-for-time substitution with meta-analysis to SOC measurements in 113,013 soil profiles across the globe to estimate the effect of future climate warming on steady-state SOC stocks. We find that SOC stock will reduce by 6.0 ± 1.6% (mean±95% confidence interval), 4.8 ± 2.3% and 1.3 ± 4.0% at 0–0.3, 0.3–1 and 1–2 m soil depths, respectively, under 1 °C air warming, with additional 4.2%, 2.2% and 1.4% losses per every additional 1 °C warming, respectively. The largest proportional SOC losses occur in boreal forests. Existing SOC level is the predominant determinant of the spatial variability of SOC changes with higher percentage losses in SOC-rich soils. Our work demonstrates that warming induces more proportional SOC losses in topsoil than in subsoil, particularly from high-latitudinal SOC-rich systems. The response of soil organic carbon to climate warming may be soil depth-dependent, but remains unquantified in situ. Here the authors show that warming induces more proportional soil carbon losses in topsoil than in subsoil, particularly from high-latitudinal carbon-rich soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Wang
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaowei Guo
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liujun Xiao
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Umakant Mishra
- Computational Biology & Biophysics, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA, USA
| | - Yuanhe Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100093, Beijing, China
| | - Biao Zhu
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Guocheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100029, Beijing, China
| | - Xiali Mao
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tian Qian
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tong Jiang
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhou Shi
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China.,Academy of Ecological Civilization, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhongkui Luo
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China. .,Academy of Ecological Civilization, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China. .,Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China.
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9
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Flores BM, Staal A. Feedback in tropical forests of the Anthropocene. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:5041-5061. [PMID: 35770837 PMCID: PMC9542052 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Tropical forests are complex systems containing myriad interactions and feedbacks with their biotic and abiotic environments, but as the world changes fast, the future of these ecosystems becomes increasingly uncertain. In particular, global stressors may unbalance the feedbacks that stabilize tropical forests, allowing other feedbacks to propel undesired changes in the whole ecosystem. Here, we review the scientific literature across various fields, compiling known interactions of tropical forests with their environment, including the global climate, rainfall, aerosols, fire, soils, fauna, and human activities. We identify 170 individual interactions among 32 elements that we present as a global tropical forest network, including countless feedback loops that may emerge from different combinations of interactions. We illustrate our findings with three cases involving urgent sustainability issues: (1) wildfires in wetlands of South America; (2) forest encroachment in African savanna landscapes; and (3) synergistic threats to the peatland forests of Borneo. Our findings reveal an unexplored world of feedbacks that shape the dynamics of tropical forests. The interactions and feedbacks identified here can guide future qualitative and quantitative research on the complexities of tropical forests, allowing societies to manage the nonlinear responses of these ecosystems in the Anthropocene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo M. Flores
- Graduate Program in EcologyFederal University of Santa CatarinaFlorianopolisBrazil
| | - Arie Staal
- Copernicus Institute of Sustainable DevelopmentUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
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10
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Zhou XL, Ma JY, Liu ZD, Dai NF, Yang HQ, Yang L, Wang YH, Shen SK. Gene Co-expression Network and Regression Analysis Identify the Transcriptomic, Physiological, and Biochemical Indicators of the Response of Alpine Woody Plant Rhododendron rex to Drought Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:896691. [PMID: 35693180 PMCID: PMC9174646 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.896691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Increasing severity of drought stress due to global change and extreme weather has been affecting the biodiversity, function, and stability of forest ecosystems. However, despite being an important component in the alpine and subalpine vegetation in forest ecosystems, Rhododendron species have been paid rare attention in the study of molecular mechanism of tolerance or response to drought. Herein, we investigated the correlation of transcriptomic changes with the physiological and biochemical indicators of Rhododendron rex under drought stress by using the co-expression network approach and regression analysis. Compared with the control treatment, the number of significantly differentially expressed unigenes (DEGs) increased with the degree of drought stress. The DEGs were mainly enriched in the cell wall metabolic process, signaling pathways, sugar metabolism, and nitrogen metabolism. Coupled analysis of the transcriptome, physiological, and biochemical parameters indicated that the metabolic pathways were highly correlated with the physiological and biochemical indicators under drought stress, especially the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, such as the actual photosynthetic efficiency of photosystem II, electron transport rate, photochemical quenching coefficient, and the maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II photochemistry. The majority of the response genes related to the metabolic pathways, including photosynthesis, sugar metabolism, and phytohormone signal pathway, were highly expressed under drought stress. In addition, genes associated with cell wall, pectin, and galacturonan metabolism also played crucial roles in the response of R. rex to drought stress. The results provided novel insight into the molecular response of the alpine woody species under drought stress and may improve the understanding of the response of forest ecosystems to the global climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong-Li Zhou
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Plateau Mountain Ecology and Restoration of Degraded Environments, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Jin-Yan Ma
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhen-Dian Liu
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Ni-fei Dai
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Hui-Qin Yang
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Liu Yang
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Yue-Hua Wang
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Shi-Kang Shen
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Plateau Mountain Ecology and Restoration of Degraded Environments, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
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11
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Chen M, Shan L, Gan Y, Tian L, Zhou J, Zhu E, Yuan H, Li X, Wang B. Metastasis suppressor 1 controls osteoblast differentiation and bone homeostasis through regulating Src-Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:107. [PMID: 35094173 PMCID: PMC11072310 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04147-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis suppressor 1 (MTSS1) plays an inhibitory role in tumorigenesis and metastasis of a variety of cancers. To date, the function of MTSS1 in the differentiation of marrow stromal progenitor cells remains to be explored. In the current study, we investigated whether and how MTSS1 has a role in osteoblast differentiation and bone homeostasis. Our data showed that MTSS1 mRNA was upregulated during osteoblast differentiation and downregulated in the osteoblastic lineage cells of ovariectomized and aged mice. Functional studies revealed that MTSS1 promoted the osteogenic differentiation from marrow stromal progenitor cells. Mechanistic explorations uncovered that the inactivation of Src and afterward activation of canonical Wnt signaling were involved in osteoblast differentiation induced by MTSS1. The enhanced osteogenic differentiation induced by MTSS1 overexpression was attenuated when Src was simultaneously overexpressed, and conversely, the inhibition of osteogenic differentiation by MTSS1 siRNA was rescued when the Src inhibitor was supplemented to the culture. Finally, the in vivo transfection of MTSS1 siRNA to the marrow of mice significantly reduced the trabecular bone mass, along with the reduction of trabecular osteoblasts, the accumulation of marrow adipocytes, and the increase of phospho-Src-positive cells on the trabeculae. No change in the number of osteoclasts was observed. This study has unraveled that MTSS1 contributes to osteoblast differentiation and bone homeostasis through regulating Src-Wnt/β-catenin signaling. It also suggests the potential of MTSS1 as a new target for the treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Chen
- NHC Key Lab of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Lab of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, 6 Huan-Rui-Bei Road, Tianjin, 300134, China
| | - Liying Shan
- NHC Key Lab of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Lab of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, 6 Huan-Rui-Bei Road, Tianjin, 300134, China
| | - Ying Gan
- NHC Key Lab of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Lab of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, 6 Huan-Rui-Bei Road, Tianjin, 300134, China
| | - Lijie Tian
- NHC Key Lab of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Lab of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, 6 Huan-Rui-Bei Road, Tianjin, 300134, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- NHC Key Lab of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Lab of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, 6 Huan-Rui-Bei Road, Tianjin, 300134, China
| | - Endong Zhu
- NHC Key Lab of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Lab of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, 6 Huan-Rui-Bei Road, Tianjin, 300134, China
| | - Hairui Yuan
- NHC Key Lab of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Lab of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, 6 Huan-Rui-Bei Road, Tianjin, 300134, China
| | - Xiaoxia Li
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Baoli Wang
- NHC Key Lab of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Lab of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, 6 Huan-Rui-Bei Road, Tianjin, 300134, China.
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12
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Optimization of environmental variable functions of GPP quantitative model based on SCE-UA and minimum loss screening method. ECOL INFORM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoinf.2021.101479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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13
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A cautionary tale about using the apparent carbon accumulation rate (aCAR) obtained from peat cores. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9547. [PMID: 33953225 PMCID: PMC8100101 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88766-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The carbon (C) accumulation histories of peatlands are of great interest to scientists, land users and policy makers. Because peatlands contain more than 500 billion tonnes of C, an understanding of the fate of this dynamic store, when subjected to the pressures of land use or climate change, is an important part of climate-change mitigation strategies. Information from peat cores is often used to recreate a peatland’s C accumulation history from recent decades to past millennia, so that comparisons between past and current rates can be made. However, these present day observations of peatlands’ past C accumulation rates (known as the apparent rate of C accumulation - aCAR) are usually different from the actual uptake or loss of C that occurred at the time (the true C balance). Here we use a simple peatland model and a more detailed ecosystem model to illustrate why aCAR should not be used to compare past and current C accumulation rates. Instead, we propose that data from peat cores are used with existing or new C balance models to produce reliable estimates of how peatland C function has changed over time.
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Ribeiro K, Pacheco FS, Ferreira JW, de Sousa-Neto ER, Hastie A, Krieger Filho GC, Alvalá PC, Forti MC, Ometto JP. Tropical peatlands and their contribution to the global carbon cycle and climate change. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:489-505. [PMID: 33070397 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Peatlands are carbon-rich ecosystems that cover 185-423 million hectares (Mha) of the earth's surface. The majority of the world's peatlands are in temperate and boreal zones, whereas tropical ones cover only a total area of 90-170 Mha. However, there are still considerable uncertainties in C stock estimates as well as a lack of information about depth, bulk density and carbon accumulation rates. The incomplete data are notable especially in tropical peatlands located in South America, which are estimated to have the largest area of peatlands in the tropical zone. This paper displays the current state of knowledge surrounding tropical peatlands and their biophysical characteristics, distribution and carbon stock, role in the global climate, the impacts of direct human disturbances on carbon accumulation rates and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Based on the new peat extension and depth data, we estimate that tropical peatlands store 152-288 Gt C, or about half of the global peatland emitted carbon. We discuss the knowledge gaps in research on distribution, depth, C stock and fluxes in these ecosystems which play an important role in the global carbon cycle and risk releasing large quantities of GHGs into the atmosphere (CO2 and CH4 ) when subjected to anthropogenic interferences (e.g., drainage and deforestation). Recent studies show that although climate change has an impact on the carbon fluxes of these ecosystems, the direct anthropogenic disturbance may play a greater role. The future of these systems as carbon sinks will depend on advancing current scientific knowledge and incorporating local understanding to support policies geared toward managing and conserving peatlands in vulnerable regions, such as the Amazon where recent records show increased forest fires and deforestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Ribeiro
- Earth System Science Center (CCST), National Institute for Space Research (INPE), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Felipe S Pacheco
- Earth System Science Center (CCST), National Institute for Space Research (INPE), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José W Ferreira
- Earth System Science Center (CCST), National Institute for Space Research (INPE), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eráclito R de Sousa-Neto
- Earth System Science Center (CCST), National Institute for Space Research (INPE), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adam Hastie
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Guenther C Krieger Filho
- Laboratory of Thermal and Environmental Engineering, Polytechnic School of the University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Plínio C Alvalá
- Earth System Science Center (CCST), National Institute for Space Research (INPE), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria C Forti
- Earth System Science Center (CCST), National Institute for Space Research (INPE), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jean P Ometto
- Earth System Science Center (CCST), National Institute for Space Research (INPE), São Paulo, Brazil
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15
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Hergoualc’h K, Dezzeo N, Verchot LV, Martius C, van Lent J, del Aguila‐Pasquel J, López Gonzales M. Spatial and temporal variability of soil N 2 O and CH 4 fluxes along a degradation gradient in a palm swamp peat forest in the Peruvian Amazon. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 26:7198-7216. [PMID: 32949077 PMCID: PMC7756671 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Mauritia flexuosa palm swamp, the prevailing Peruvian Amazon peatland ecosystem, is extensively threatened by degradation. The unsustainable practice of cutting whole palms for fruit extraction modifies forest's structure and composition and eventually alters peat-derived greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. We evaluated the spatiotemporal variability of soil N2 O and CH4 fluxes and environmental controls along a palm swamp degradation gradient formed by one undegraded site (Intact), one moderately degraded site (mDeg) and one heavily degraded site (hDeg). Microscale variability differentiated hummocks supporting live or cut palms from surrounding hollows. Macroscale analysis considered structural changes in vegetation and soil microtopography as impacted by degradation. Variables were monitored monthly over 3 years to evaluate intra- and inter-annual variability. Degradation induced microscale changes in N2 O and CH4 emission trends and controls. Site-scale average annual CH4 emissions were similar along the degradation gradient (225.6 ± 50.7, 160.5 ± 65.9 and 169.4 ± 20.7 kg C ha-1 year-1 at the Intact, mDeg and hDeg sites, respectively). Site-scale average annual N2 O emissions (kg N ha-1 year-1 ) were lower at the mDeg site (0.5 ± 0.1) than at the Intact (1.3 ± 0.6) and hDeg sites (1.1 ± 0.4), but the difference seemed linked to heterogeneous fluctuations in soil water-filled pore space (WFPS) along the forest complex rather than to degradation. Monthly and annual emissions were mainly controlled by variations in WFPS, water table level (WT) and net nitrification for N2 O; WT, air temperature and net nitrification for CH4 . Site-scale N2 O emissions remained steady over years, whereas CH4 emissions rose exponentially with increased precipitation. While the minor impact of degradation on palm swamp peatland N2 O and CH4 fluxes should be tested elsewhere, the evidenced large and variable CH4 emissions and significant N2 O emissions call for improved modeling of GHG dynamics in tropical peatlands to test their response to climate changes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nelda Dezzeo
- Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR)LimaPeru
- Venezuelan Institute for Scientific Research (IVIC)CaracasVenezuela
| | - Louis V. Verchot
- Center for International Tropical Agriculture (CIAT)CaliColombia
| | | | - Jeffrey van Lent
- Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR)LimaPeru
- Department for Soil QualityWageningen University & ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
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16
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McDonough LK, O'Carroll DM, Meredith K, Andersen MS, Brügger C, Huang H, Rutlidge H, Behnke MI, Spencer RGM, McKenna A, Marjo CE, Oudone P, Baker A. Changes in groundwater dissolved organic matter character in a coastal sand aquifer due to rainfall recharge. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 169:115201. [PMID: 31675607 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.115201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) in groundwater is fundamentally important with respect to biogeochemical reactions, global carbon cycling, heavy metal transport, water treatability and potability. One source of DOM to groundwater is from the transport of organic matter from the vadose zone by rainfall recharge. Changes in precipitation patterns associated with natural climate variability and climate change are expected to alter the load and character of organic matter released from these areas, which ultimately impacts on groundwater quality and DOM treatability. In order to investigate potential changes in groundwater DOM character after rainfall recharge, we sampled shallow groundwater from a coastal peat-rich sand aquifer in New South Wales, Australia, during an extended period of low precipitation (average daily precipitation rate < 1.6 mm day-1 over the 8 months prior to sampling), and after two heavy precipitation events (84 mm day-1 and 98 mm day-1 respectively). We assess changes in DOM composition after correcting for dilution by a novel combination of two advanced analytical techniques: liquid chromatography organic carbon detection (LC-OCD) and negative-ion electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS). We also assess changes in water chemistry pre- and post-rainfall. Post-rainfall, we show that the dilution-corrected amount of highly aromatic DOM molecular formulae (i.e. those categorised into the groups polyphenolics and condensed aromatics) were 1.7 and 2.0 times higher respectively than in pre-rainfall samples. We attribute this to the flushing of peat-derived DOM from buried organic material into the groundwater. We also identify that periods of low precipitation can lead to low hydrophilic/HOC ratios in groundwater (median = 4.9, n = 14). Redundancy analysis (RDA) was used to compare the HOC fraction with FT-ICR MS compound groups. We show that HOC has a more aromatic character in pre-rainfall samples, and is less similar to the aromatic groups in post-rainfall samples. This suggests that the decline in water-borne hydrophobics observed post-rainfall could be associated with preferential adsorption of the hydrophobic aromatic DOM, making post-rainfall samples less treatable for potable water supply. Post-rainfall we also observe significant increases in arsenic (leading to concentrations greater than 3 times the World Health Organisation drinking water limit of 10 μg / L). Increases in coastal rainfall due to climate change may therefore alter the composition of groundwater DOM in coastal peatland areas in ways that may impact DOM bioavailability, and increase arsenic concentrations, reducing the ease of water treatment for human consumption. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to identify the chemical and molecular changes of shallow groundwater DOM pre-rainfall and post-rainfall in a sedimentary organic carbon rich environment through multiple analytical techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liza K McDonough
- Connected Waters Initiative Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
| | - Denis M O'Carroll
- Connected Waters Initiative Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, UNSW Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Karina Meredith
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), New Illawarra Rd, Lucas Heights, NSW, 2234, Australia
| | - Martin S Andersen
- Connected Waters Initiative Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, UNSW Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Clément Brügger
- Connected Waters Initiative Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Hanxue Huang
- Connected Waters Initiative Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, UNSW Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Helen Rutlidge
- Connected Waters Initiative Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, UNSW Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Megan I Behnke
- Department of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Science, Florida State University, Florida, 32310, USA
| | - Robert G M Spencer
- Department of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Science, Florida State University, Florida, 32310, USA
| | - Amy McKenna
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32310-4005, USA
| | - Christopher E Marjo
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, UNSW Sydney, NSW, 2052, Sydney, Australia
| | - Phetdala Oudone
- Connected Waters Initiative Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Andy Baker
- Connected Waters Initiative Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
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