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Zhao H, Zhao S, Wang S, Liu Y. Human β-defensins: The multi-functional natural peptide. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 227:116451. [PMID: 39059771 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
The increasing threat of antibiotic resistance among pathogenic microorganisms and the urgent demand for new antibiotics require immediate attention. Antimicrobial peptides exhibit effectiveness against microorganisms, fungi, viruses, and protozoa. The discovery of human β-defensins represents a major milestone in biomedical research, opening new avenues for scientific investigation into the innate immune system and its resistance mechanisms against pathogenic microorganisms. Multiple defensins present a promising alternative in the context of antibiotic abuse. However, obstacles to the practical application of defensins as anti-infective therapies persist due to the unique properties of human β-defensins themselves and serious pharmacological and technical challenges. To overcome these challenges, diverse delivery vehicles have been developed and progressively improved for the conjugation or encapsulation of human β-defensins. This review briefly introduces the biology of human β-defensins, focusing on their multistage structure and diverse functions. It also discusses several heterologous systems for producing human β-defensins, various delivery systems created for these peptides, and patent applications related to their utilization, concluding with a summary of current challenges and potential solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haile Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock Jointly Constructed by Ministry and Province, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, 24 Zhaojun Road, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010020, China
| | - Shuli Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock Jointly Constructed by Ministry and Province, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, 24 Zhaojun Road, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010020, China
| | - Simeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock Jointly Constructed by Ministry and Province, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, 24 Zhaojun Road, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010020, China
| | - Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock Jointly Constructed by Ministry and Province, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, 24 Zhaojun Road, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010020, China.
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2
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Whitmore M, Tobin I, Burkardt A, Zhang G. Nutritional Modulation of Host Defense Peptide Synthesis: A Novel Host-Directed Antimicrobial Therapeutic Strategy? Adv Nutr 2024:100277. [PMID: 39053604 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The escalating threat of antimicrobial resistance underscores the imperative for innovative therapeutic strategies. Host defense peptides (HDPs), integral components of innate immunity, exhibit profound antimicrobial and immunomodulatory properties. Various dietary compounds, such as short-chain fatty acids, vitamins, minerals, sugars, amino acids, phytochemicals, bile acids, probiotics, and prebiotics have been identified to enhance the synthesis of endogenous HDPs without provoking inflammatory response or compromising barrier integrity. Additionally, different classes of these compounds synergize in augmenting HDP synthesis and disease resistance. Moreover, dietary supplementation of several HDP-inducing compounds or their combinations have demonstrated robust protection in animals from experimental infections. However, the efficacy of these compounds in inducing HDP synthesis varies considerably among distinct compounds. Additionally, the regulation of HDP genes occurs in a gene-specific, cell type-specific, and species-specific manner. In this comprehensive review, we systematically summarized the modulation of HDP synthesis and the mechanism of action attributed to each major class of dietary compounds, including their synergistic combinations, across a spectrum of animal species including humans. We argue that the ability to enhance innate immunity and barrier function without triggering inflammation or microbial resistance positions the nutritional modulation of endogenous HDP synthesis as a promising host-directed approach for mitigating infectious diseases and antimicrobial resistance. These HDP-inducing compounds, particularly in combinations, harbor substantial clinical potential for further exploration in antimicrobial therapies for both human and other animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Whitmore
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - Isabel Tobin
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - Amanda Burkardt
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - Guolong Zhang
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States.
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3
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Wozniak W, Sechet E, Kwon YJ, Aulner N, Navarro L, Sperandio B. Identification of human host factors required for beta-defensin-2 expression in intestinal epithelial cells upon a bacterial challenge. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15442. [PMID: 38965312 PMCID: PMC11224401 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66568-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The human intestinal tract is colonized with microorganisms, which present a diverse array of immunological challenges. A number of antimicrobial mechanisms have evolved to cope with these challenges. A key defense mechanism is the expression of inducible antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), such as beta-defensins, which rapidly inactivate microorganisms. We currently have a limited knowledge of mechanisms regulating the inducible expression of AMP genes, especially factors from the host required in these regulatory mechanisms. To identify the host factors required for expression of the beta-defensin-2 gene (HBD2) in intestinal epithelial cells upon a bacterial challenge, we performed a RNAi screen using a siRNA library spanning the whole human genome. The screening was performed in duplicate to select the strongest 79 and 110 hit genes whose silencing promoted or inhibited HBD2 expression, respectively. A set of 57 hits selected among the two groups of genes was subjected to a counter-screening and a subset was subsequently validated for its impact onto HBD2 expression. Among the 57 confirmed hits, we brought out the TLR5-MYD88 signaling pathway, but above all new signaling proteins, epigenetic regulators and transcription factors so far unrevealed in the HBD2 regulatory circuits, like the GATA6 transcription factor involved in inflammatory bowel diseases. This study represents a significant step toward unveiling the key molecular requirements to promote AMP expression in human intestinal epithelial cells, and revealing new potential targets for the development of an innovative therapeutic strategy aiming at stimulating the host AMP expression, at the era of antimicrobial resistance.
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Grants
- This study received fundings from (i) the French Government “Investissement d’Avenir” program, Labex IBEID, with the reference ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID, (ii) the French Alliance pour les Sciences de la Vie et de la Santé (AVIESAN), ITMO I3M, (iii) the PSL University, through the PSL pré-maturation program, AMPlify project, with the reference C22-78/2022-425, and (iv) the European Union, through the European Innovation Council Pathfinder Open program, MaxImmun project, with the reference 101129622.
- Weronika Wozniak received a Ph.D. funding support from PSL University under the program “Investissement d’Avenir” launched by the French Government and implemented by ANR with the reference ANR-10-IDEX-0001-02 PSL
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Affiliation(s)
- Weronika Wozniak
- Institut de Biologie de l'École Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR8197, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1024, Université PSL, Paris, France
| | | | - Yong-Jun Kwon
- Institut Pasteur Korea, Seoul, South Korea
- Luxembourg Institute of Health, Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | | | - Lionel Navarro
- Institut de Biologie de l'École Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR8197, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1024, Université PSL, Paris, France
| | - Brice Sperandio
- Institut de Biologie de l'École Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR8197, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1024, Université PSL, Paris, France.
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4
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Huang FC, Huang SC. Unveiling the Novel Benefits of Co-Administering Butyrate and Active Vitamin D3 in Mice Subjected to Chemotherapy-Induced Gut-Derived Pseudomonas aeruginosa Sepsis. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1026. [PMID: 38790988 PMCID: PMC11118095 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12051026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer patients face increased susceptibility to invasive infections, primarily due to ulcerative lesions on mucosal surfaces and immune suppression resulting from chemotherapy. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) bacteremia is notorious for its rapid progression into fatal sepsis, posing a significant threat to cancer patients, particularly those experiencing chemotherapy-induced neutropenia. This bacterial infection contributes significantly to morbidity and mortality rates among such individuals. Our latest report showed the mutually beneficial effects of postbiotic butyrate on 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D3)-controlled innate immunity during Salmonella colitis. Hence, we investigated the impact of butyrate and 1,25D3 on chemotherapy-induced gut-derived P. aeruginosa sepsis in mice. The chemotherapy-induced gut-derived P. aeruginosa sepsis model was established through oral administration of 1 × 107 CFU of the P. aeruginosa wild-type strain PAO1 in C57BL/6 mice undergoing chemotherapy. Throughout the infection process, mice were orally administered butyrate and/or 1,25D3. Our observations revealed that the combined action of butyrate and 1,25D3 led to a reduction in the severity of colitis and the invasion of P. aeruginosa into the liver and spleen of the mice. This reduction was attributed to an enhancement in the expression of defensive cytokines and antimicrobial peptides within the cecum, coupled with decreased levels of zonulin and claudin-2 proteins in the mucosal lining. These effects were notably more pronounced when compared to treatments administered individually. This study unveils a promising alternative therapy that involves combining postbiotics and 1,25D3 for treating chemotherapy-induced gut-derived P. aeruginosa sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Chen Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Chen Huang
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan;
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Simoni A, Schwartz L, Junquera GY, Ching CB, Spencer JD. Current and emerging strategies to curb antibiotic-resistant urinary tract infections. Nat Rev Urol 2024:10.1038/s41585-024-00877-9. [PMID: 38714857 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-024-00877-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Rising rates of antibiotic resistance in uropathogenic bacteria compromise patient outcomes and prolong hospital stays. Consequently, new strategies are needed to prevent and control the spread of antibiotic resistance in uropathogenic bacteria. Over the past two decades, sizeable clinical efforts and research advances have changed urinary tract infection (UTI) treatment and prevention strategies to conserve antibiotic use. The emergence of antimicrobial stewardship, policies from national societies, and the development of new antimicrobials have shaped modern UTI practices. Future UTI management practices could be driven by the evolution of antimicrobial stewardship, improved and readily available diagnostics, and an improved understanding of how the microbiome affects UTI. Forthcoming UTI treatment and prevention strategies could employ novel bactericidal compounds, combinations of new and classic antimicrobials that enhance bacterial killing, medications that prevent bacterial attachment to uroepithelial cells, repurposing drugs, and vaccines to curtail the rising rates of antibiotic resistance in uropathogenic bacteria and improve outcomes in people with UTI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Simoni
- The Kidney and Urinary Tract Center, Nationwide Children's Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Laura Schwartz
- The Kidney and Urinary Tract Center, Nationwide Children's Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Nationwide Children's, Columbus, OH, USA
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Guillermo Yepes Junquera
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Nationwide Children's, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Christina B Ching
- The Kidney and Urinary Tract Center, Nationwide Children's Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Urology, Nationwide Children's, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - John David Spencer
- The Kidney and Urinary Tract Center, Nationwide Children's Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Columbus, OH, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Nationwide Children's, Columbus, OH, USA.
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA.
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Flood P, Hanrahan N, Nally K, Melgar S. Human intestinal organoids: Modeling gastrointestinal physiology and immunopathology - current applications and limitations. Eur J Immunol 2024; 54:e2250248. [PMID: 37957831 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202250248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Human intestinal organoids are an ideal model system for studying gastrointestinal physiology and immunopathology. Altered physiology and mucosal immune response are hallmarks of numerous intestinal functional and inflammatory diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), coeliac disease, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and obesity. These conditions impact the normal epithelial functions of the intestine, such as absorption, barrier function, secretion, and host-microbiome communication. They are accompanied by characteristic intestinal symptoms and have significant societal, economic, and healthcare burdens. To develop new treatment options, cutting-edge research is required to investigate their etiology and pathology. Human intestinal organoids derived from patient tissue recapitulate the key physiological and immunopathological aspects of these conditions, providing a promising platform for elucidating disease mechanisms. This review will summarize recent reports on patient-derived human small intestinal and colonic organoids and highlight how these models have been used to study intestinal epithelial functions in the context of inflammation, altered physiology, and immune response. Furthermore, it will elaborate on the various organoid systems in use and the techniques/assays currently available to study epithelial functions. Finally, it will conclude by discussing the limitations and future perspectives of organoid technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Flood
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Naomi Hanrahan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Ken Nally
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Silvia Melgar
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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7
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Chen Z, Ding W, Yang X, Lu T, Liu Y. Isoliquiritigenin, a potential therapeutic agent for treatment of inflammation-associated diseases. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 318:117059. [PMID: 37604329 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Licorice is a medicinal herb with a 2000-year history of applications in traditional Chinese medicine. Isoliquiritigenin (ISL) is a bioactive chalcone compound isolated from licorice. It has attracted increasing attention in recent years due to its excellent anti-inflammatory activity. AIM OF THE STUDY This study is to provide a comprehensive summary of the anti-inflammatory activity of ISL and the underlying molecular mechanisms, and discuss new insights for its potential clinical applications as an anti-inflammation agent. MATERIALS AND METHODS We examined literatures published in the past twenty years from PubMed, Research Gate, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and SciFinder, with single or combined key words of "isoliquiritigenin", "inflammation", and "anti-inflammatory". RESULTS ISL elicits its anti-inflammatory activity by mediating various cellular processes. It inhibits the upstream of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway and activates the nuclear factor erythroid related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway. In addition, it suppresses the NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) pathway and restrains the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. CONCLUSIONS Current studies indicate a great therapeutical potential of ISL as a drug candidate for treatment of inflammation-associated diseases. However, the pharmacokinetics, biosafety, and bioavailability of ISL remain to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wenwen Ding
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxue Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tiangong Lu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Ying Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
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8
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Firdous SO, Sagor MMH, Arafat MT. Advances in Transdermal Delivery of Antimicrobial Peptides for Wound Management: Biomaterial-Based Approaches and Future Perspectives. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023. [PMID: 37976446 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), distinguished by their cationic and amphiphilic nature, represent a critical frontier in the battle against antimicrobial resistance due to their potent antimicrobial activity and a broad spectrum of action. However, the clinical translation of AMPs faces hurdles, including their susceptibility to degradation, limited bioavailability, and the need for targeted delivery. Transdermal delivery has immense potential for optimizing AMP administration for wound management. Leveraging the skin's accessibility and barrier properties, transdermal delivery offers a noninvasive approach that can circumvent systemic side effects and ensure sustained release. Biomaterial-based delivery systems, encompassing nanofibers, hydrogels, nanoparticles, and liposomes, have emerged as key players in enhancing the efficacy of transdermal AMP delivery. These biomaterial carriers not only shield AMPs from enzymatic degradation but also provide controlled release mechanisms, thereby elevating stability and bioavailability. The synergistic interaction between the transdermal approach and biomaterial-facilitated formulations presents a promising strategy to overcome the multifaceted challenges associated with AMP delivery. Integrating advanced technologies and personalized medicine, this convergence allows the reimagining of wound care. This review amalgamates insights to propose a pathway where AMPs, transdermal delivery, and biomaterial innovation harmonize for effective wound management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syeda Omara Firdous
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Md Mehadi Hassan Sagor
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh
| | - M Tarik Arafat
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh
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Manoharadas S, Al-Rayes BF, Almuzaini MAM, Almohammadi YM. Resensitisation of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus to Conventional Antibiotics in the Presence of an Engineered Enzybiotic. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2511. [PMID: 37896271 PMCID: PMC10610342 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15102511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the most dreadful pathogens relevant in community and nosocomial-related infections around the world. Resensitising MRSA to antibiotics, once it became resistant, was a tough choice due to the high adaptability of this bacteria to savage conditions. This study aimed to create a chimeric enzybiotic against MRSA and test its efficiency, either individually or in combination with antibiotics. The novel enzybiotic BAC100 was constructed by fusing the catalytic domain from the bacteriocin BacL1 from Enterococcus faecalis with the cell-wall-binding domain from protein P17 of Staphylococcus aureus bacteriophage ϕ44AHJD. Apart from its partial lone activity, BAC100 was found to resensitise the MRSA strain to traditional antibiotics, including ampicillin and tetracycline. Both drugs were able to reduce live MRSA cells by 85 and 90%, respectively, within 60 min of treatment together with BAC100. However, no significant activity was observed against MRSA when these drugs were tested independently, pointing to the inherent resistance of MRSA against these conventional antibiotics. To our knowledge, this is one of the first instances where an engineered enzybiotic was found to resensitise MRSA to conventional antibiotics. This study will pave the way for the development of similar peptides that can be used together with antibiotics against gruesome pathogens of clinical importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salim Manoharadas
- Central Laboratory, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2454, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (B.F.A.-R.); (M.A.M.A.); (Y.M.A.)
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10
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Nguyen AT, Kim M, Kim YE, Kim H, Kim KY. Filipendula glaberrima Nakai extract inhibits the bacterial infection by induction of HBD2 and HBD3 expression, and reduction of the inflammatory activity. Microbiol Immunol 2023; 67:456-467. [PMID: 37525428 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.13093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Defensins and inflammation are innate immune barriers of the body against infectious pathogens. Searching for a compound that can inhibit infectious diseases by affecting human β-defensin (HBD) and proinflammatory cytokines is the new trend in research to control bacterial infection. The aim of this study is to provide a natural compound, Filipendula glaberrima Nakai extract (FGE), which is able to induce the expression of an antimicrobial defensin as well as reduce inflammation. FGE induced the expression of HBD2 and HBD3 through activating both p38 and NF-κB signaling pathways. Furthermore, FGE inhibited the expression of TNF-α and IL-6 via p38 and NF-κB pathways in Staphylococcus aureus-stimulated THP1 cells. Injection of FGE alleviated cutaneous erythema and swelling caused by S. aureus injection in mice ears. Taken together, FGE could reduce bacterial infection by inducing the expression of defensin and anti-inflammatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh-Thu Nguyen
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 1732, Korea
| | - Minho Kim
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 1732, Korea
| | - Ye-Eun Kim
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 1732, Korea
| | - Hangeun Kim
- Research and Development Center, Skin Biotechnology Center Co., Ltd, Yongin, 17104, Korea
| | - Ki-Young Kim
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 1732, Korea
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11
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Tobin I, Zhang G. Regulation of Host Defense Peptide Synthesis by Polyphenols. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:660. [PMID: 37107022 PMCID: PMC10135163 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12040660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The rise of antimicrobial resistance has created an urgent need for antibiotic-alternative strategies for disease control and prevention. Host defense peptides (HDPs), which have both antimicrobial and immunomodulatory properties, are an important component of the innate immune system. A host-directed approach to stimulate the synthesis of endogenous HDPs has emerged as a promising solution to treat infections with a minimum risk for developing antimicrobial resistance. Among a diverse group of compounds that have been identified as inducers of HDP synthesis are polyphenols, which are naturally occurring secondary metabolites of plants characterized by the presence of multiple phenol units. In addition to their well-known antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, a variety of polyphenols have been shown to stimulate HDP synthesis across animal species. This review summarizes both the in vitro and in vivo evidence of polyphenols regulating HDP synthesis. The mechanisms by which polyphenols induce HDP gene expression are also discussed. Natural polyphenols warrant further investigation as potential antibiotic alternatives for the control and prevention of infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guolong Zhang
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA;
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12
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Nguyen AT, Kim M, Kim YE, Kim H, Lee S, Lee Y, Kim KY. MSF Enhances Human Antimicrobial Peptide β-Defensin (HBD2 and HBD3) Expression and Attenuates Inflammation via the NF- κB and p38 Signaling Pathways. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062744. [PMID: 36985716 PMCID: PMC10058637 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Both defensin and inflammation are part of the human innate immune system that responds rapidly to pathogens. The combination of defensins with pro- or anti-inflammatory effects can be a potential research direction for the treatment of infection by pathogens. This study aimed to identify whether MSF (Miracle Synergy material made using Filipendula glaberrima), a probiotic lysate of Filipendula glaberrima extracts fermented with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum K8, activates the expression of human β-defensin (HBD2 and HBD3) to protect the host against pathogens and inhibit inflammation caused by S. aureus, in vitro with Western blot analysis, qRT-PCR and in vivo studies with a mouse model were used to evaluate the effects of MSF. The MSF treatment induced HBD2 and HBD3 expression via the p38 and NF-κB pathways. Furthermore, MSF treatment significantly reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8), also through p38 and NF-κB in S. aureus-induced inflammatory condition. MSF treatment remarkably reduced erythema in mice ears caused by the injection of S. aureus, while K8 lysate treatment did not initiate a strong recovery. Taken together, MSF induced the expression of HBD2 and HDB3 and activated anti-inflammatory activity more than the probiotic lysates of L. plantarum K8. These findings show that MSF is a potential defensin inducer and anti-inflammatory agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh-Thu Nguyen
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Youngin 1732, Republic of Korea
| | - Minho Kim
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Youngin 1732, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye-Eun Kim
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Youngin 1732, Republic of Korea
| | - Hangeun Kim
- Research and Development Center, Skin Biotechnology Center Co., Ltd., Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghyun Lee
- Department of Plant Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunji Lee
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Eumseong 27709, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Young Kim
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Youngin 1732, Republic of Korea
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13
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Zhou H, Qian Y, Liu J. MicroRNA-127 promotes anti-microbial ability in porcine alveolar macrophages via S1PR3/TLR signaling pathway. J Vet Sci 2023; 24:e20. [PMID: 37012029 PMCID: PMC10071279 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.22110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As Actinobacillus pleuropneumonniae (APP) infection causes considerable losses in the pig industry, there is a growing need to develop effective therapeutic interventions that leverage host immune defense mechanisms to combat these pathogens. OBJECTIVES To demonstrate the role of microRNA (miR)-127 in controlling bacterial infection against APP. Moreover, to investigate a signaling pathway in macrophages that controls the production of anti-microbial peptides. METHODS Firstly, we evaluated the effect of miR-127 on APP-infected pigs by cell count/enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Then the impact of miR-127 on immune cells was detected. The cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6 were evaluated by ELISA. The expression of cytokines (anti-microbial peptides [AMPs]) was assessed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The expression level of IL-6, TNF-α and p-P65 were analyzed by western blot. The expression of p65 in the immune cells was investigated by immunofluorescence. RESULTS miR-127 showed a protective effect on APP-infected macrophage. Moreover, the protective effect might depend on its regulation of macrophage bactericidal activity and the generation of IL-22, IL-17 and AMPs by targeting sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor3 (SIPR3), the element involved in the Toll-like receptor (TLR) cascades. CONCLUSIONS Together, we identify that miR-127 is a regulator of S1PR3 and then regulates TLR/nuclear factor-κB signaling in macrophages with anti-bacterial acticity, and it might be a potential target for treating inflammatory diseases caused by APP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglei Zhou
- School of Pet Science and Technology, Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College Jiangsu 225300, China
| | - Yujia Qian
- Taizhou Jianyouda Pharma Co., LTD, Jiangsu 225300, China
| | - Jing Liu
- School of Pet Science and Technology, Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College Jiangsu 225300, China
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14
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C S, G. R R, L. F L, M.C.G DR, N.B C, S.C D, O. L F. Advances and perspectives for antimicrobial peptide and combinatory therapies. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1051456. [PMID: 36578509 PMCID: PMC9791095 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1051456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have shown cell membrane-directed mechanisms of action. This specificity can be effective against infectious agents that have acquired resistance to conventional drugs. The AMPs' membrane-specificity and their great potential to combat resistant microbes has brought hope to the medical/therapeutic scene. The high death rate worldwide due to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has pushed forward the search for new molecules and product developments, mainly antibiotics. In the current scenario, other strategies including the association of two or more drugs have contributed to the treatment of difficult-to-treat infectious diseases, above all, those caused by bacteria. In this context, the synergistic action of AMPs associated with current antibiotic therapy can bring important results for the production of new and effective drugs to overcome AMR. This review presents the advances obtained in the last 5 years in medical/antibiotic therapy, with the use of products based on AMPs, as well as perspectives on the potentialized effects of current drugs combined with AMPs for the treatment of bacterial infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santos C
- S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco (UCDB), Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Rodrigues G. R
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímica (CAPB), Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília (UCB), Brasília, Brazil
| | - Lima L. F
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímica (CAPB), Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília (UCB), Brasília, Brazil
| | - dos Reis M.C.G
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímica (CAPB), Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília (UCB), Brasília, Brazil
| | - Cunha N.B
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímica (CAPB), Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília (UCB), Brasília, Brazil
- Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária (FAV), Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Brasília, Brazil
| | - Dias S.C
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímica (CAPB), Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília (UCB), Brasília, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biologia Animal, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Brasília, Brazil
| | - Franco O. L
- S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco (UCDB), Campo Grande, Brazil
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímica (CAPB), Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília (UCB), Brasília, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Patologia Molecular, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Brasília, Brazil
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Hisey EA, Martins BC, Donnelly CG, Cassano JM, Katzman SA, Murphy CJ, Thomasy SM, Leonard BC. Identification of putative orthologs of clinically relevant antimicrobial peptides in the equine ocular surface and amniotic membrane. Vet Ophthalmol 2022; 26 Suppl 1:125-133. [PMID: 36478371 PMCID: PMC10175123 DOI: 10.1111/vop.13042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to define the antimicrobial peptide (AMP) expression pattern of the equine ocular surface and amniotic membrane using a targeted qPCR approach and 3'Tag-sequencing. It will serve as a reference for future studies of ocular surface innate immunity and amniotic membrane therapies. PROCEDURES A targeted qPCR approach was used to investigate the presence of orthologs for three of the most highly expressed beta-defensins (DEFB1, DEFB4B, and DEFB103A) of the human ocular surface and amniotic membrane in equine corneal epithelium, conjunctiva, and amniotic membrane. 3'Tag-sequencing was performed on RNA from one sample of corneal epithelium, conjunctiva, and amniotic membrane to further characterize their AMP expression. RESULTS Equine corneal epithelium, conjunctiva, and amniotic membrane expressed DEFB1, DEFB4B, and DEFB103A. DEFB103A was expressed at the highest amounts in corneal epithelium, while DEFB4B was most highly expressed in conjunctiva and amniotic membrane. 3'Tag-sequencing from all three tissues confirmed these findings and identified expression of five additional beta-defensins, 11 alpha-defensins and two cathelicidins, with the alpha-defensins showing higher normalized read counts than the beta-defensins. CONCLUSIONS This study identified AMP expression in the equine cornea and conjunctiva, suggesting that they play a key role in the protection of the equine eye, similar to the human ocular surface. We also determined that equine amniotic membrane expresses a substantial number of AMPs suggesting it could potentiate an antimicrobial effect as a corneal graft material. Future studies will focus on defining the antimicrobial activity of these AMPs and determining their role in microbial keratitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin A Hisey
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Bianca C Martins
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Callum G Donnelly
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer M Cassano
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Scott A Katzman
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Christopher J Murphy
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Sara M Thomasy
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Brian C Leonard
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA
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16
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Immunomodulatory effects of β-defensin 2 on macrophages induced immuno-upregulation and their antitumor function in breast cancer. BMC Immunol 2022; 23:53. [PMID: 36324077 PMCID: PMC9632142 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-022-00527-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Macrophages are mononuclear CD34+ antigen-presenting cells of defense mechanism and play dual roles in tumor burden. The immunomodulatory and their antitumor function of β-defensin 2 is still unclear, despite the accumulating evidence of the response in infection. So, the aim of present study is to elucidate the role of β-defensin 2 on the level of ROS, cytokines, chemokine expression in macrophages and antitumor function in breast cancer. Method Swiss albino mice were used to harvest PEC macrophages and C127i breast cancer cells line for tumor model was used in this study. Macrophages were harvested and characterized by flow-cytometry using F4/80 and CD11c antibodies. MTT was performed to estimate cytotoxicity and dose optimization of β-defensin 2. Oxidative stress was analyzed by H2O2 and NO estimation followed by iNOS quantified by q-PCR. Cytokines and chemokines estimation was done using q-PCR. Co-culture experiment was performed to study anti-tumor function using PI for cell cycle, Annexin –V and CFSE analysis for cell proliferation. Results PEC harvested macrophages were characterized by flow-cytometry using F4/80 and CD11c antibodies with the purity of 8% pure population of macrophages. It was found that 99% of cells viable at the maximum dose of 100 ng/ml of β-defensin 2 in MTT. Levels of NO and H2O2 were found to be decreased in β-defensin 2 as compared to control. Expression of cytokines of IFN-γ, IL-1α, TNF-α, TGF-βwas found to be increased while IL-3 was decreased in β-defensin 2 group as compared to control. Levels of chemokines CXCL-1, CXCL-5 and CCL5 increased in treated macrophages while CCL24 and CXCL-15 expression decreased. Adhesion receptor (CD32) and fusion receptor (CD204) were decreased in the β-defensin 2 group as compared to control. Anti-tumor experiment was performed using co-culture experiment apoptosis (Annexin-V) was induced, cell cycle arrest in phage and cell proliferation of C127i cells was decreased. Conclusion This is the first report of β-defensin 2 modulates macrophage immunomodulatory and their antitumor function in breast cancer. β-defensin 2 as a new therapeutic target for immunotherapy as an adjuvant in vaccines.
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17
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Shannon AH, Adelman SA, Hisey EA, Potnis SS, Rozo V, Yung MW, Li JY, Murphy CJ, Thomasy SM, Leonard BC. Antimicrobial Peptide Expression at the Ocular Surface and Their Therapeutic Use in the Treatment of Microbial Keratitis. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:857735. [PMID: 35722307 PMCID: PMC9201425 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.857735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial keratitis is a common cause of ocular pain and visual impairment worldwide. The ocular surface has a relatively paucicellular microbial community, mostly found in the conjunctiva, while the cornea would be considered relatively sterile. However, in patients with microbial keratitis, the cornea can be infected with multiple pathogens including Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Fusarium sp. Treatment with topical antimicrobials serves as the standard of care for microbial keratitis, however, due to high rates of pathogen resistance to current antimicrobial medications, alternative therapeutic strategies must be developed. Multiple studies have characterized the expression and activity of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), endogenous peptides with key antimicrobial and wound healing properties, on the ocular surface. Recent studies and clinical trials provide promise for the use of AMPs as therapeutic agents. This article reviews the repertoire of AMPs expressed at the ocular surface, how expression of these AMPs can be modulated, and the potential for harnessing the AMPs as potential therapeutics for patients with microbial keratitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison H. Shannon
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Sara A. Adelman
- William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Erin A. Hisey
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Sanskruti S. Potnis
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Vanessa Rozo
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Madeline W. Yung
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Jennifer Y. Li
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Christopher J. Murphy
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Sara M. Thomasy
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Brian C. Leonard
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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18
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Immunomodulatory and Allergenic Properties of Antimicrobial Peptides. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052499. [PMID: 35269641 PMCID: PMC8910669 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
With the growing problem of the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, the search for alternative ways to combat bacterial infections is extremely urgent. While analyzing the effect of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) on immunocompetent cells, their effect on all parts of the immune system, and on humoral and cellular immunity, is revealed. AMPs have direct effects on neutrophils, monocytes, dendritic cells, T-lymphocytes, and mast cells, participating in innate immunity. They act on B-lymphocytes indirectly, enhancing the induction of antigen-specific immunity, which ultimately leads to the activation of adaptive immunity. The adjuvant activity of AMPs in relation to bacterial and viral antigens was the reason for their inclusion in vaccines and made it possible to formulate the concept of a “defensin vaccine” as an innovative basis for constructing vaccines. The immunomodulatory function of AMPs involves their influence on cells in the nearest microenvironment, recruitment and activation of other cells, supporting the response to pathogenic microorganisms and completing the inflammatory process, thus exhibiting a systemic effect. For the successful use of AMPs in medical practice, it is necessary to study their immunomodulatory activity in detail, taking into account their pleiotropy. The degree of maturity of the immune system and microenvironment can contribute to the prevention of complications and increase the effectiveness of therapy, since AMPs can suppress inflammation in some circumstances, but aggravate the response and damage of organism in others. It should also be taken into account that the real functions of one or another AMP depend on the types of total regulatory effects on the target cell, and not only on properties of an individual peptide. A wide spectrum of biological activity, including direct effects on pathogens, inactivation of bacterial toxins and influence on immunocompetent cells, has attracted the attention of researchers, however, the cytostatic activity of AMPs against normal cells, as well as their allergenic properties and low stability to host proteases, are serious limitations for the medical use of AMPs. In this connection, the tasks of searching for compounds that selectively affect the target and development of an appropriate method of application become critically important. The scope of this review is to summarize the current concepts and newest advances in research of the immunomodulatory activity of natural and synthetic AMPs, and to examine the prospects and limitations of their medical use.
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Wang L, Wang X, Kong L, Li Y, Huang K, Wu J, Wang C, Sun H, Sun P, Gu J, Luo H, Liu K, Meng Q. Activation of PGC-1α via isoliquiritigenin-induced downregulation of miR-138-5p alleviates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Phytother Res 2022; 36:899-913. [PMID: 35041255 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a metabolic disease, has received wide attention worldwide. However, there is no approved effective drug for NAFLD treatment. In the study, H&E and Oil Red O staining were employed to detect liver histopathological changes and the accumulation of lipid droplets. Quantitative real-time PCR, Western blot, bioinformatics, luciferase assay, immunofluorescence staining, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and siRNA were used to further elucidate the mechanism of isoliquiritigenin (ISL) against NAFLD. The results showed that ISL significantly reduced the liver-to-body weight ratios and biochemical index. And the staining results showed that ISL remarkedly ameliorated liver histopathological changes of NAFLD. Furthermore, ISL significantly increased the levels of PPARα, CPT1α, and ACADS, which were involved in lipid metabolism, and inhibited the ROS, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 expression by activating PGC-1α. Bioinformatics and luciferase assay analysis confirmed that miR-138-5p might bind to PGC-1α mRNA in NAFLD. Importantly, the expression of miR-138-5p was increased in the NAFLD, which was significantly decreased by ISL. In addition, the miR-138-5p inhibitor also promoted lipid metabolism and inhibited inflammatory response in NAFLD via PGC-1α activation. The above results demonstrate that ISL alleviates NAFLD through modulating miR-138-5p/PGC-1α-mediated lipid metabolism and inflammatory reaction in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Lina Kong
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yingying Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Kai Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Drug Clinical Trial Institution, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jingjing Wu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Changyuan Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Huijun Sun
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Pengyuan Sun
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jiangning Gu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Haifeng Luo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Kexin Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Qiang Meng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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20
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Liu X, Wu Y, Mao C, Shen J, Zhu K. Host-acting antibacterial compounds combat cytosolic bacteria. Trends Microbiol 2022; 30:761-777. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2022.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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21
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Redweik GAJ, Kogut MH, Arsenault RJ, Lyte M, Mellata M. Reserpine improves Enterobacteriaceae resistance in chicken intestine via neuro-immunometabolic signaling and MEK1/2 activation. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1359. [PMID: 34862463 PMCID: PMC8642538 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02888-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica persist in the chicken gut by suppressing inflammatory responses via expansion of intestinal regulatory T cells (Tregs). In humans, T cell activation is controlled by neurochemical signaling in Tregs; however, whether similar neuroimmunological signaling occurs in chickens is currently unknown. In this study, we explore the role of the neuroimmunological axis in intestinal Salmonella resistance using the drug reserpine, which disrupts intracellular storage of catecholamines like norepinephrine. Following reserpine treatment, norepinephrine release was increased in both ceca explant media and Tregs. Similarly, Salmonella killing was greater in reserpine-treated explants, and oral reserpine treatment reduced the level of intestinal Salmonella Typhimurium and other Enterobacteriaceae in vivo. These antimicrobial responses were linked to an increase in antimicrobial peptide and IL-2 gene expression as well as a decrease in CTLA-4 gene expression. Globally, reserpine treatment led to phosphorylative changes in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and the mitogen-associated protein kinase 2(MEK2). Exogenous norepinephrine treatment alone increased Salmonella resistance, and reserpine-induced antimicrobial responses were blocked using beta-adrenergic receptor inhibitors, suggesting norepinephrine signaling is crucial in this mechanism. Furthermore, EGF treatment reversed reserpine-induced antimicrobial responses, whereas mTOR inhibition increased antimicrobial activities, confirming the roles of metabolic signaling in these responses. Finally, MEK1/2 inhibition suppressed reserpine, norepinephrine, and mTOR-induced antimicrobial responses. Overall, this study demonstrates a central role for MEK1/2 activity in reserpine induced neuro-immunometabolic signaling and subsequent antimicrobial responses in the chicken intestine, providing a means of reducing bacterial colonization in chickens to improve food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham A. J. Redweik
- grid.34421.300000 0004 1936 7312Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA USA ,grid.34421.300000 0004 1936 7312Interdepartmental Microbiology Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA USA ,grid.266190.a0000000096214564Present Address: Molecular, Cellular & Developmental Biology, Colorado University-Boulder, Boulder, CO USA
| | - Michael H. Kogut
- grid.512846.c0000 0004 0616 2502Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, USDA-ARS College Station, TX USA
| | - Ryan J. Arsenault
- grid.33489.350000 0001 0454 4791Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE USA
| | - Mark Lyte
- grid.34421.300000 0004 1936 7312Interdepartmental Microbiology Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA USA ,grid.34421.300000 0004 1936 7312Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA USA
| | - Melha Mellata
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA. .,Interdepartmental Microbiology Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
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22
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Gao N, Dou X, Yin T, Yang Y, Yan D, Ma Z, Bi C, Shan A. Tryptophan Promotes Intestinal Immune Defense through Calcium-Sensing Receptor (CaSR)-Dependent Metabolic Pathways. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:13460-13473. [PMID: 34748328 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c05820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract forms a robust line of defense against invading pathogens through the production of endogenous antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), which are crucial molecules of the innate defense system. Tryptophan could modulate intestinal immunity through promoting the expression of AMPs. However, the precise mechanism needs to be further clarified. In this study, we show that treatment with tryptophan for 24 h triggers (p < 0.05) the expression of porcine β-defensin (pBD) 1 (62.67 ± 3.10 pg/mL) and pBD2 (74.41 ± 1.33 pg/mL) in the porcine intestinal epithelial cells (IPEC-J2) though calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR)-tryptophan metabolic pathways. Meanwhile, tryptophan alleviates (p < 0.05) intestinal inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) through induction of the defensins and activation of the CaSR-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathways in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, the activation of CaSR induces the expression of defensins and decreases the levels of IL-1β (75.26 ± 2.74 pg/mL) and TNF-α (449.8 ± 23.31 pg/mL) induced by LPS (p < 0.05). Importantly, tryptophan maintains kynurenine homeostasis through the activation of CaSR during the inflammatory response. To that end, the work identifies a regulatory circuit between CaSR signaling and tryptophan metabolic pathways involved in the tryptophan-trigged AMP expression, which contributes to improving intestinal immune defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Gao
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xiujing Dou
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Ting Yin
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Di Yan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Ziwen Ma
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Chongpeng Bi
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Anshan Shan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
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23
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Sell SL, Prough DS, Weisz HA, Widen SG, Hellmich HL. Leveraging publicly available coronavirus data to identify new therapeutic targets for COVID-19. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257965. [PMID: 34587192 PMCID: PMC8480897 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Many important questions remain regarding severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the viral pathogen responsible for COVID-19. These questions include the mechanisms explaining the high percentage of asymptomatic but highly infectious individuals, the wide variability in disease susceptibility, and the mechanisms of long-lasting debilitating effects. Bioinformatic analysis of four coronavirus datasets representing previous outbreaks (SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV), as well as SARS-CoV-2, revealed evidence of diverse host factors that appear to be coopted to facilitate virus-induced suppression of interferon-induced innate immunity, promotion of viral replication and subversion and/or evasion of antiviral immune surveillance. These host factors merit further study given their postulated roles in COVID-19-induced loss of smell and brain, heart, vascular, lung, liver, and gut dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacy L. Sell
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Donald S. Prough
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Harris A. Weisz
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Steve G. Widen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Helen L. Hellmich
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Yang Q, Whitmore MA, Robinson K, Lyu W, Zhang G. Butyrate, Forskolin, and Lactose Synergistically Enhance Disease Resistance by Inducing the Expression of the Genes Involved in Innate Host Defense and Barrier Function. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10101175. [PMID: 34680756 PMCID: PMC8532606 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10101175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The rising concern of antimicrobial resistance highlights a need for effective alternatives to antibiotics for livestock production. Butyrate, forskolin, and lactose are three natural products known to induce the synthesis of host defense peptides (HDP), which are a critical component of innate immunity. In this study, the synergy among butyrate, forskolin, and lactose in enhancing innate host defense, barrier function, and resistance to necrotic enteritis and coccidiosis was investigated. Our results indicated that the three compounds synergistically augmented the expressions of multiple HDP and barrier function genes in chicken HD11 macrophages. The compounds also showed an obvious synergy in promoting HDP gene expressions in chicken jejunal explants. Dietary supplementation of a combination of 1 g/kg sodium butyrate, 10 mg/kg forskolin-containing plant extract, and 10 g/kg lactose dramatically improved the survival of chickens from 39% to 94% (p < 0.001) in a co-infection model of necrotic enteritis. Furthermore, the three compounds largely reversed growth suppression, significantly alleviated intestinal lesions, and reduced colonization of Clostridium perfringens or Eimeria maxima in chickens with necrotic enteritis and coccidiosis (p < 0.01). Collectively, dietary supplementation of butyrate, forskolin, and lactose is a promising antibiotic alternative approach to disease control and prevention for poultry and possibly other livestock species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Yang
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; (Q.Y.); (M.A.W.); (K.R.); (W.L.)
| | - Melanie A. Whitmore
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; (Q.Y.); (M.A.W.); (K.R.); (W.L.)
| | - Kelsy Robinson
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; (Q.Y.); (M.A.W.); (K.R.); (W.L.)
- Poultry Production and Product Safety Research Unit, USDA–Agricultural Research Service, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Wentao Lyu
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; (Q.Y.); (M.A.W.); (K.R.); (W.L.)
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Guolong Zhang
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; (Q.Y.); (M.A.W.); (K.R.); (W.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-405-744-8867
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Zhang QY, Yan ZB, Meng YM, Hong XY, Shao G, Ma JJ, Cheng XR, Liu J, Kang J, Fu CY. Antimicrobial peptides: mechanism of action, activity and clinical potential. Mil Med Res 2021; 8:48. [PMID: 34496967 PMCID: PMC8425997 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-021-00343-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The management of bacterial infections is becoming a major clinical challenge due to the rapid evolution of antibiotic resistant bacteria. As an excellent candidate to overcome antibiotic resistance, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) that are produced from the synthetic and natural sources demonstrate a broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity with the high specificity and low toxicity. These peptides possess distinctive structures and functions by employing sophisticated mechanisms of action. This comprehensive review provides a broad overview of AMPs from the origin, structural characteristics, mechanisms of action, biological activities to clinical applications. We finally discuss the strategies to optimize and develop AMP-based treatment as the potential antimicrobial and anticancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Yu Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, No. 928, Street 2, Xiasha Higher Education Zone, Hangzhou, 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhi-Bin Yan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, No. 928, Street 2, Xiasha Higher Education Zone, Hangzhou, 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yue-Ming Meng
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, No. 928, Street 2, Xiasha Higher Education Zone, Hangzhou, 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiang-Yu Hong
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, No. 928, Street 2, Xiasha Higher Education Zone, Hangzhou, 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Gang Shao
- Department of Oncology, The 903rd Hospital of PLA, Hangzhou, 310013, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun-Jie Ma
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, No. 928, Street 2, Xiasha Higher Education Zone, Hangzhou, 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xu-Rui Cheng
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, No. 928, Street 2, Xiasha Higher Education Zone, Hangzhou, 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and the Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, 555 Mission Bay Blvd. South, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Jian Kang
- Oncogenic Signaling and Growth Control Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan Street, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Cai-Yun Fu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, No. 928, Street 2, Xiasha Higher Education Zone, Hangzhou, 310018, Zhejiang, China.
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Investigating pharmacological mechanisms of andrographolide on non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH): A bioinformatics approach of network pharmacology. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2021; 13:342-350. [PMID: 36118934 PMCID: PMC9476713 DOI: 10.1016/j.chmed.2021.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the mechanisms of andrographolide against non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) based on network pharmacology, so as to provide a reference for further study of andrographolide in the treatment of NASH and other metabolic diseases. Methods The methionine- and choline-deficient (MCD) diet-induced NASH mice were treated by administration of andrographolide, and serum transaminase and pathological changes were analyzed. The network pharmacology-based bioinformatic strategy was then used to search the potential targets, construct protein–protein interaction (PPI) network, analyze gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment, and conduct molecular docking to explore the molecular mechanisms. Results The predicted core targets TNF, MAPK8, IL6, IL1B and AKT1 were enriched in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) signaling pathway and against NASH by regulation of de novo fatty acids synthesis, anti-inflammation and anti-oxidation. Conclusion This work provides a scientific basis for further demonstration of the anti-NASH mechanisms of andrographolide.
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Regulation of hBD-2, hBD-3, hCAP18/LL37, and Proinflammatory Cytokine Secretion by Human Milk Oligosaccharides in an Organotypic Oral Mucosal Model. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10060739. [PMID: 34208335 PMCID: PMC8231254 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10060739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), the third largest solid fraction in human milk, can modulate inflammation through Toll-like receptor signaling, but little is known about their immunomodulatory potential in the oral cavity. In this study, we determined whether the HMOs 2′-fucosyllactose (2′-FL) and 3-fucosyllactose (3-FL) regulate human-beta defensin (hBD)-2 and -3, cathelicidin (hCAP18/LL-37), and cytokine responses in human gingival cells using a three-dimensional oral mucosal culture model. The model was incubated with 0.1% or 1% 2′-FL and 3-FL, alone and in combination, for 5 or 24 h, and hBD-2, hBD-3, and hCAP18/LL-37 were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. The expression profiles of interleukin (IL)-1, IL-1RA, IL-8, and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 were determined by LUMINEX immunoassay. The combination of 1% 2′-FL and 1% 3-FL, and 1% 3-FL alone, for 24 h upregulated hBD-2 protein expression significantly (p < 0.001 and p = 0.016, respectively). No changes in the other antimicrobial peptides or proinflammatory cytokines were observed. Thus, 3-FL, alone and in combination with 2′-FL, stimulates oral mucosal secretion of hBD-2, without effecting a proinflammatory response when studied in an oral mucosal culture model.
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Hosny AEDS, El-Bazza ZED, Ramadan MA, Shafik MA, Shafeek MA, Khattab RA. Expression levels of pro-inflammatory interleukin-8 and certain antimicrobial peptides in concurrent with bacterial conjunctivitis. Int J Ophthalmol 2021; 14:666-675. [PMID: 34012880 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2021.05.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To detect the quantitative expression levels of the pro-inflammatory interleukin-8 (IL8), antimicrobial peptides human beta defense-2 (HBD2), and human beta defense-3 (HBD3) genes in bacterial conjunctivitis. METHODS The human conjunctival epithelial cells were obtained using the impression cytology technique from healthy controls and patients. The genes expression levels were determined utilizing a reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The contribution of causative agent type, the number of isolates and severity of clinical features, in the increase of genes expression was also determined. RESULTS The RT-qPCR showed that IL8, HBD2, and HBD3 expression increased in bacterial conjunctivitis as compared to healthy control (P<0.001). In gram-negative bacterial conjunctivitis, HBD2 was highly up-regulated (P<0.001) compared to other types of bacterial conjunctivitis. In mixed bacterial conjunctivitis, a direct correlation between HBD2 up-regulation and HBD3 up-regulation was observed (P<0.05). The severity of clinical features was related to the up-regulation of IL8 and HBD2 (P<0.05). CONCLUSION IL8, HBD2, and HBD3 are immune-effectors in infectious conjunctivitis. HBD2 is active during different bacterial conjunctivitis but is more released with gram-negative bacteria compared to gram-positive bacteria. HBD3 is an obvious defender in different bacterial conjunctivitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa El-Dien Shawky Hosny
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr Al-Aini 11562, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Zeinab El-Demerdash El-Bazza
- Drug Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo 9621, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Abdelhalim Ramadan
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr Al-Aini 11562, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maha Ahmed Shafik
- Drug Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo 9621, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Ahmed Shafeek
- Ophthalmology Department, Faculty of medicine, AL-Azhar University, Cairo 11754, Egypt
| | - Rania Abdelmonem Khattab
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr Al-Aini 11562, Cairo, Egypt
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Wang KL, Yu YC, Hsia SM. Perspectives on the Role of Isoliquiritigenin in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:E115. [PMID: 33401375 PMCID: PMC7795842 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13010115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Isoliquiritigenin (2',4',4-trihydroxychalcone, ISL), one of the most important bioactive compounds with a chalcone structure, is derived from licorice root. Licorice is commonly known as Glycyrrhiza, including Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Glycyrrhiza radix, and Glycyrrhiza glabra, which are generally available in common foods and Chinese herbal medicines based on a wide variety of biological functions and pharmacological effects, and its derivative (ISL) is utilized as a food additive and adjunct disease treatment. In this review, we summarized the progress over the last 10 years in the targeted pathways and molecular mechanisms of ISL that are involved in the regulation of the onset and progression of different types of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Lee Wang
- Department of Nursing, Ching Kuo Institute of Management and Health, Keelung 20301, Taiwan;
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chun Yu
- Sex Hormonal Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40403, Taiwan;
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40403, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Min Hsia
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- School of Food and Safety, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Nutrition Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
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30
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Dey P. Targeting gut barrier dysfunction with phytotherapies: Effective strategy against chronic diseases. Pharmacol Res 2020; 161:105135. [PMID: 32814166 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal epithelial layer serves as a physical and functional barrier between the microbe-rich lumen and immunologically active submucosa; it prevents systemic translocation of microbial pyrogenic products (e.g. endotoxin) that elicits immune activation upon translocation to the systemic circulation. Loss of barrier function has been associated with chronic 'low-grade' systemic inflammation which underlies pathogenesis of numerous no-communicable chronic inflammatory disease. Thus, targeting gut barrier dysfunction is an effective strategy for the prevention and/or treatment of chronic disease. This review intends to emphasize on the beneficial effects of herbal formulations, phytochemicals and traditional phytomedicines in attenuating intestinal barrier dysfunction. It also aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of intestinal-level events leading to a 'leaky-gut' and systemic complications mediated by endotoxemia. Additionally, a variety of detectable markers and diagnostic criteria utilized to evaluate barrier improving capacities of experimental therapeutics has been discussed. Collectively, this review provides rationale for targeting gut barrier dysfunction by phytotherapies for treating chronic diseases that are associated with endotoxemia-induced systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyankar Dey
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, Punjab, India.
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31
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Zhang K, Li X, Yu C, Wang Y. Promising Therapeutic Strategies Against Microbial Biofilm Challenges. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:359. [PMID: 32850471 PMCID: PMC7399198 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are communities of microorganisms that are attached to a biological or abiotic surface and are surrounded by a self-produced extracellular matrix. Cells within a biofilm have intrinsic characteristics that are different from those of planktonic cells. Biofilm resistance to antimicrobial agents has drawn increasing attention. It is well-known that medical device- and tissue-associated biofilms may be the leading cause for the failure of antibiotic treatments and can cause many chronic infections. The eradication of biofilms is very challenging. Many researchers are working to address biofilm-related infections, and some novel strategies have been developed and identified as being effective and promising. Nevertheless, more preclinical studies and well-designed multicenter clinical trials are critically needed to evaluate the prospects of these strategies. Here, we review information about the mechanisms underlying the drug resistance of biofilms and discuss recent progress in alternative therapies and promising strategies against microbial biofilms. We also summarize the strengths and weaknesses of these strategies in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyu Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chen Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
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Puccetti M, Xiroudaki S, Ricci M, Giovagnoli S. Postbiotic-Enabled Targeting of the Host-Microbiota-Pathogen Interface: Hints of Antibiotic Decline? Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E624. [PMID: 32635461 PMCID: PMC7408102 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12070624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mismanagement of bacterial infection therapies has undermined the reliability and efficacy of antibiotic treatments, producing a profound crisis of the antibiotic drug market. It is by now clear that tackling deadly infections demands novel strategies not only based on the mere toxicity of anti-infective compounds. Host-directed therapies have been the first example as novel treatments with alternate success. Nevertheless, recent advances in the human microbiome research have provided evidence that compounds produced by the microbial metabolism, namely postbiotics, can have significant impact on human health. Such compounds target the host-microbe-pathogen interface rescuing biotic and immune unbalances as well as inflammation, thus providing novel therapeutic opportunities. This work discusses critically, through literature review and personal contributions, these novel nonantibiotic treatment strategies for infectious disease management and resistance prevention, which could represent a paradigm change rocking the foundation of current antibiotic therapy tenets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Stefano Giovagnoli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, via del Liceo 1, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (M.P.); (S.X.); (M.R.)
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33
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Blyth GAD, Connors L, Fodor C, Cobo ER. The Network of Colonic Host Defense Peptides as an Innate Immune Defense Against Enteropathogenic Bacteria. Front Immunol 2020; 11:965. [PMID: 32508838 PMCID: PMC7251035 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Host defense peptides, abundantly secreted by colonic epithelial cells and leukocytes, are proposed to be critical components of an innate immune response in the colon against enteropathogenic bacteria, including Shigella spp., Salmonella spp., Clostridium difficile, and attaching and effacing Escherichia coli and Citrobacter rodentium. These short cationic peptides are bactericidal against both Gram-positive and -negative enteric pathogens, but may also exert killing effects on intestinal luminal microbiota. Simultaneously, these peptides modulate numerous cellular responses crucial for gut defenses, including leukocyte chemotaxis and migration, wound healing, cytokine production, cell proliferation, and pathogen sensing. This review discusses recent advances in our understanding of expression, mechanisms of action and microbicidal and immunomodulatory functions of major colonic host defense peptides, namely cathelicidins, β-defensins, and members of the Regenerating islet-derived protein III (RegIII) and Resistin-like molecule (RELM) families. In a theoretical framework where these peptides work synergistically, aspects of pathogenesis of infectious colitis reviewed herein uncover roles of host defense peptides aimed to promote epithelial defenses and prevent pathogen colonization, mediated through a combination of direct antimicrobial function and fine-tuning of host immune response and inflammation. This interactive host defense peptide network may decode how the intestinal immune system functions to quickly clear infections, restore homeostasis and avoid damaging inflammation associated with pathogen persistence during infectious colitis. This information is of interest in development of host defense peptides (either alone or in combination with reduced doses of antibiotics) as antimicrobial and immunomodulatory therapeutics for controlling infectious colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham A D Blyth
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Liam Connors
- Bachelor of Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Cristina Fodor
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Eduardo R Cobo
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Contreras G, Shirdel I, Braun MS, Wink M. Defensins: Transcriptional regulation and function beyond antimicrobial activity. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 104:103556. [PMID: 31747541 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2019.103556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Defensins are one the largest group of antimicrobial peptides and are part of the innate defence. Defensins are produced by animals, plants and fungi. In animals and plants, defensins can be constitutively or differentially expressed both locally or systemically which confer defence before and a stronger response after infection. Immune signalling pathways regulate the gene expression of defensins. These pathways include cellular receptors, which recognise pathogen-associated molecular patterns and are found both in plants and animals. After recognition, signalling pathways and, subsequently, transcriptional factors are activated. There is an increasing number of novel functions in defensins, such as immunomodulators and immune cell attractors. Identification of defensin triggers could help us to elucidate other new functions. The present article reviews the different elicitors of defensins with a main focus on human, fish and marine invertebrate defensins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Contreras
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Iman Shirdel
- Marine Sciences Faculty, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Iran
| | - Markus Santhosh Braun
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Wink
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
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35
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Wang M, Wu H, Lu L, Jiang L, Yu Q. Lactobacillus reuteri Promotes Intestinal Development and Regulates Mucosal Immune Function in Newborn Piglets. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:42. [PMID: 32118065 PMCID: PMC7018766 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal microbiota is necessary for the guarantee of intestinal mucosal barrier. However, the detailed effect of probiotics on porcine intestinal development, especially in the early life, is still unclear. In this study, we treated 3-day-old newborn piglets with Lactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri) D8 and observed its beneficial effect on piglets. The body weights, villus height, and crypt depth of jejunum were all significantly increased after L. reuteri treatment in piglets. L. reuteri also significantly increased the proliferation index of PCNA+ cells in the crypt, as well as c-Myc and Tcf4 expressions. Furthermore, L. reuteri also enhanced intestinal mucosal barrier with the increase of goblet cells and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) expressions of Muc2, Lyz1, and pBD1. The well development of Peyer's patches and increased number of CD3+ T cells, combined with increased expression of IL-4 and IFN-γ, also demonstrated the immune stimulation effect of L. reuteri D8. This study demonstrated that L. reuteri promotes the development of intestine mucosal system and maintains intestinal mucosal barrier in newborn piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjuan Wang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haiqin Wu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Linhao Lu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lan Jiang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qinghua Yu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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36
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Liu X, Mao Y, Kang Y, He L, Zhu B, Zhang W, Lu Y, Wu Q, Xu D, Shi L. MicroRNA-127 Promotes Anti-microbial Host Defense through Restricting A20-Mediated De-ubiquitination of STAT3. iScience 2020; 23:100763. [PMID: 31958753 PMCID: PMC6992901 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.100763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing rising of multiple drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus has become a major public health concern, underscoring a pressing need for developing therapies essentially based on the understanding of host defensive mechanism. In the present study, we showed that microRNA (miR)-127 played a key role in controlling bacterial infection and conferred a profound protection against staphylococcal pneumonia. The protective effect of miR-127 was largely dependent on its regulation of macrophage bactericidal activity and the generation of IL-22, IL-17, and anti-microbial peptides (AMPs), the pathway primarily driven by STAT3. Importantly, we revealed that the ubiquitin-editing enzyme A20, a genuine target of miR-127, specifically interacted with and repressed K63-ubiquitination of STAT3, thereby compromising its phosphorylation upon bacterial infection. Thus, our data not only identify miR-127 as a non-coding molecule with anti-bacterial activity but also delineate an unappreciated mechanism whereby A20 regulates STAT3-driven anti-microbial signaling via modulating its ubiquitination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Liu
- Department of Immunology and Medical Microbiology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun Mao
- Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Immunoregulation, Hangzhou Normal University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanhua Kang
- Department of Immunology and Medical Microbiology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Immunoregulation, Hangzhou Normal University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Long He
- Department of Immunology and Medical Microbiology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Bo Zhu
- Department of Immunology and Medical Microbiology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Immunology and Medical Microbiology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yin Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Qinan Wu
- Collaborative Innovation Centers of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Dakang Xu
- Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Liyun Shi
- Department of Immunology and Medical Microbiology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Immunoregulation, Hangzhou Normal University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
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Wu Y, Liu Y, Dong K, Li Q. Effects of human β-defensin 3 fused with carbohydrate-binding domain on the function of type III secretion system in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA14. Braz J Microbiol 2020; 51:29-35. [PMID: 31933178 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-020-00223-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides are considered to be one of the candidate antimicrobial agents for antibiotic-resistant bacterial infection in the future. The effects of antimicrobial peptide hBD3-CBD on Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA14 and PA14 ΔexsA were analyzed by the bactericidal effects, hemolysis assays, pyocyanin pigment productions, and virulence factor expressions (exoU, exoS, hcnA, and lasB). Pyocyanin production and virulence factor expressions are important features of the type III secretion system in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. HBD3-CBD killed PA14 and PA14 ΔexsA with similar efficiency; it lowered the hemolysis levels of PA14 and PA14 ΔexsA and reduced the pyocyanin production, biofilm formation, and exoU, exoS, and lasB expressions in PA14. Compared with PA14, PA14 ΔexsA showed a lower hemolysis effect, pyocyanin production, exoU, and lasB expressions. The effects of hBD3-CBD on the PA14 toxin secretion were similar to the changes in the type III secretion system mutant isolate PA14 ΔexsA. Our results demonstrated that the type III secretion system was involved in the biological functions on PA 14 from hBD3-CBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunqiang Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, B06, Building 1, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yanan Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, B06, Building 1, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Ke Dong
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Qingtian Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, B06, Building 1, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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Comprehensive multivariate correlations between climatic effect, metabolite-profile, antioxidant capacity and antibacterial activity of Brazilian red propolis metabolites during seasonal study. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18293. [PMID: 31797960 PMCID: PMC6893030 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54591-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The standardization of apiceutical products like as propolis extracts has been widely debated worldwide and variations in the propolis chemical composition are still very relevant topics for use-standardized of different propolis-type as medication by much of the world’s population. The present manuscript discuss important issues related to the climate effect and variations in propolis metabolite-profiling changes, antioxidant capacity and variations of the antibacterial activity of the Brazilian red propolis metabolites using comprehensive multivariate correlations. It was observed the increasing of guttiferones concentrations during the intense drought period and drastic decreasing in rainy period. The climate variation induced the high concentration of flavonoids in rainy period with pronounced dropped in some rainy months. The Pearson´s analysis demonstrated correlation between IC50 from DPPH and guttiferones and flavonoids concentrations. The PCA-X and Hotelling T2 test showed outliers during the months with lowest concentrations of formononetin and isoliquiritigenin was observed in antibacterial tests. The PLS-DA, OPLS-DA and VIP analysis demonstrate guttiferone E, guttiferone B, liquiritigenin, naringenin are considered important substances responsible by anti-staphylococcal activity in red propolis composition during the rainy season and drought period, but a synergistic effect with other flavonoids and isoflavonoids are not ruled out.
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Sun X, Zhang J, Wang Z, Liu B, Zhu S, Zhu L, Peng B. Licorice isoliquiritigenin-encapsulated mesoporous silica nanoparticles for osteoclast inhibition and bone loss prevention. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:5183-5199. [PMID: 31410209 PMCID: PMC6691588 DOI: 10.7150/thno.33376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) are extensively used in bone tissue regeneration and local drug delivery. However, the effects of MSNs alone on osteoclast formation and function, as well as the utilization of MSNs to deliver natural molecules against bone resorption, remain unexplored. Here, we report the development of licorice-derived bioactive flavonoid isoliquiritigenin (ISL)-encapsulated MSNs (MSNs-ISL) as a potent bone-bioresponsive nanoencapsulation system for prevention of osteoclast-mediated bone loss in vitro and in vivo. Methods: We synthesized MSNs-ISL and then investigated the drug loading and release characteristics of the resulting nanoparticles. In vitro experiments on osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption were performed using mouse primary bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs). In vivo animal experiments were conducted using a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated calvarial bone erosion model. Results: The resulting MSNs-ISL were spherical and highly monodispersed; they possessed a large specific surface area and superior biocompatibility, and allowed acid-sensitive sustained drug release. Compared with free ISL and MSNs alone, MSNs-ISL significantly and additively inhibited receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast generation, decreased the size and quantity of sealing zones, and reduced the osteolytic capacity of osteoclasts in vitro. MSNs-ISL treatment also downregulated RANKL-stimulated mRNA expression of osteoclast-associated genes and transcription factors. Mechanistically, MSNs-ISL remarkably attenuated the RANKL-initiated expression of tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6), phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), and phosphorylation and degradation of inhibitor of κBα (IκBα), together with the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 and the activator protein (AP)-1 component c-Fos. Moreover, MSNs-ISL almost completely restrained the expression of nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFATc1). Consistent with the in vitro results, MSNs-ISL could block osteoclast activity; relieve inflammation-related calvarial bone destruction in vivo; and suppress c-Fos, NFATc1, and cathepsin K expression levels. Conclusion: Licorice ISL-encapsulated MSNs exhibit notable anti-osteoclastogenetic effects and protect against inflammatory bone destruction. Our findings reveal the feasibility of applying MSNs-ISL as an effective natural product-based bone-bioresponsive nanoencapsulation system to prevent osteoclast-mediated bone loss.
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Wang C, Yang L, Hu Y, Zhu J, Xia R, Yu Y, Shen J, Zhang Z, Wang SL. Isoliquiritigenin as an antioxidant phytochemical ameliorates the developmental anomalies of zebrafish induced by 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 666:390-398. [PMID: 30802654 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
2,2',4,4'-Tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE47) is the most abundant PBDE congeners in biological samples. It has strong tendencies to bioaccumulate and potentially endangers development of mammals through oxidative stress. Isoliquiritigenin (ISL), an emerging natural chalcone-type flavonoid, possesses various biological and pharmacological properties, including antioxidant, anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor and estrogenic activities. The purpose of the study is to explore the antioxidant effect of ISL on the amelioration of developmental anomalies induced by BDE47. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos were exposed to BDE47 (1 and 10 μM) and/or ISL (4 μM) for 4 to 120 hours post fertilization (hpf), and the morphology, development, behavior, oxidative stress status and related genes expression were assessed. The results showed that BDE47 contributed to dose-dependent growth retardation and deformities, including delayed hatching, spinal curvature, reduced body length, increased death rate, aberrant behaviors and impaired dark-adapted vision, which were significantly mitigated by ISL. Besides, ISL ameliorated excessive ROS accumulation, and exaggerated the expressions of apoptosis-related genes p53, Bcl-2, caspase 3 and caspase 9 induced by BDE47, suggesting that ISL protected zebrafish from the developmental toxicity of BDE47 by inactivation of programmed apoptosis and activation of antioxidant signaling pathways. Taken together, developing ISL as a dietary supplement might be a promising preventive strategy for the amelioration of developmental toxicity induced by environmental pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, PR China; Key Lab of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, PR China
| | - Lu Yang
- State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, PR China
| | - Yuhuan Hu
- State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, PR China; Key Lab of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, PR China
| | - Jiansheng Zhu
- State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, PR China; Key Lab of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, PR China
| | - Rong Xia
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, PR China
| | - Yongquan Yu
- State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, PR China; Key Lab of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, PR China
| | - Jiemiao Shen
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, PR China
| | - Zhan Zhang
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, PR China
| | - Shou-Lin Wang
- State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, PR China; Key Lab of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, PR China.
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Myszor IT, Parveen Z, Ottosson H, Bergman P, Agerberth B, Strömberg R, Gudmundsson GH. Novel aroylated phenylenediamine compounds enhance antimicrobial defense and maintain airway epithelial barrier integrity. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7114. [PMID: 31068616 PMCID: PMC6506505 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43350-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Aroylated phenylenediamines (APDs) are novel inducers of innate immunity enhancing cathelicidin gene expression in human bronchial epithelial cell lines. Here we present two newly developed APDs and aimed at defining the response and signaling pathways for these compounds with reference to innate immunity and antimicrobial peptide (AMP) expression. Induction was initially defined with respect to dose and time and compared with the APD Entinostat (MS-275). The induction applies to several innate immunity effectors, indicating that APDs trigger a broad spectrum of antimicrobial responses. The bactericidal effect was shown in an infection model against Pseudomonas aeruginosa by estimating bacteria entering cells. Treatment with a selected APD counteracted Pseudomonas mediated disruption of epithelial integrity. This double action by inducing AMPs and enhancing epithelial integrity for one APD compound is unique and taken as a positive indication for host directed therapy (HDT). The APD effects are mediated through Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) activation. Utilization of induced innate immunity to fight infections can reduce antibiotic usage, might be effective against multidrug resistant bacteria and is in line with improved stewardship in healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona T Myszor
- Biomedical Center, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland
| | - Zahida Parveen
- Biomedical Center, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland
| | - Håkan Ottosson
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, S-14183, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Peter Bergman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska Institutet, S-14186, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Birgitta Agerberth
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska Institutet, S-14186, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Roger Strömberg
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, S-14183, Huddinge, Sweden
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