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Jeong H, Moon HE, Yun S, Cho SW, Park HR, Park SH, Myung K, Kwon T, Paek SH. Enrichment of Deleterious Mutated Genes Involved in Ciliary Function and Histone Modification in Brain Cancer Patient-Derived Xenograft Models. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2934. [PMID: 38001935 PMCID: PMC10669283 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11112934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models, which can retain the characteristics of original tumors in an in vivo-mimicking environment, have been developed to identify better treatment options. However, although original tumors and xenograft tissues mostly share oncogenic mutations and global gene expression patterns, their detailed mutation profiles occasionally do not overlap, indicating that selection occurs in the xenograft environment. To understand this mutational alteration in xenografts, we established 13 PDX models derived from 11 brain tumor patients and confirmed their histopathological similarity. Surprisingly, only a limited number of somatic mutations were shared between the original tumor and xenograft tissue. By analyzing deleteriously mutated genes in tumors and xenografts, we found that previously reported brain tumor-related genes were enriched in PDX samples, demonstrating that xenografts are a valuable platform for studying brain tumors. Furthermore, mutated genes involved in cilium movement, microtubule depolymerization, and histone methylation were enriched in PDX samples compared with the original tumors. Even with the limitations of the heterogeneity of clinical lesions with a heterotropic model, our study demonstrates that PDX models can provide more information in genetic analysis using samples with high heterogeneity, such as brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeongsun Jeong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Center for Genomic Integrity (CGI), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Eun Moon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hypoxia/Ischemia Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongmin Yun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Woo Cho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Center for Genomic Integrity (CGI), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Ran Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul 04401, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hye Park
- Department of Pathology, Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungjae Myung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Center for Genomic Integrity (CGI), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Taejoon Kwon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Center for Genomic Integrity (CGI), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Ha Paek
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hypoxia/Ischemia Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon 16229, Republic of Korea
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2
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Omairi HK, Grisdale CJ, Meode M, Bohm AK, Black S, Adam NJ, Chapman CP, Maroilley T, Kelly JJ, Tarailo-Graovac M, Jones SJM, Blough MD, Cairncross JG. Mitogen-induced defective mitosis transforms neural progenitor cells. Neuro Oncol 2023; 25:1763-1774. [PMID: 37186014 PMCID: PMC10547526 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noad082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chromosome instability (CIN) with recurrent copy number alterations is a feature of many solid tumors, including glioblastoma (GBM), yet the genes that regulate cell division are rarely mutated in cancers. Here, we show that the brain-abundant mitogen, platelet-derived growth factor-A (PDGFA) fails to induce the expression of kinetochore and spindle assembly checkpoint genes leading to defective mitosis in neural progenitor cells (NPCs). METHODS Using a recently reported in vitro model of the initiation of high-grade gliomas from murine NPCs, we investigated the immediate effects of PDGFA exposure on the nuclear and mitotic phenotypes and patterns of gene and protein expression in NPCs, a putative GBM cell of origin. RESULTS NPCs divided abnormally in defined media containing PDGFA with P53-dependent effects. In wild-type cells, defective mitosis was associated with P53 activation and cell death, but in some null cells, defective mitosis was tolerated. Surviving cells had unstable genomes and proliferated in the presence of PDGFA accumulating random and clonal chromosomal rearrangements. The outcome of this process was a population of tumorigenic NPCs with recurrent gains and losses of chromosomal regions that were syntenic to those recurrently gained and lost in human GBM. By stimulating proliferation without setting the stage for successful mitosis, PDGFA-transformed NPCs lacking P53 function. CONCLUSIONS Our work describes a mechanism of transformation of NPCs by a brain-associated mitogen, raising the possibility that the unique genomic architecture of GBM is an adaptation to defective mitosis that ensures the survival of affected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiba K Omairi
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Cameron J Grisdale
- Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre and BC Cancer, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mathieu Meode
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Alexandra K Bohm
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sophie Black
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Departments of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Nancy J Adam
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Cassidy P Chapman
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Departments of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Tatiana Maroilley
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - John J Kelly
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Departments of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Maja Tarailo-Graovac
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Medical Genetics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Steven J M Jones
- Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre and BC Cancer, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Michael D Blough
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Departments of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - John Gregory Cairncross
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Departments of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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3
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Visioli A, Trivieri N, Mencarelli G, Giani F, Copetti M, Palumbo O, Pracella R, Cariglia MG, Barile C, Mischitelli L, Soriano AA, Palumbo P, Legnani F, DiMeco F, Gorgoglione L, Pesole G, Vescovi AL, Binda E. Different states of stemness of glioblastoma stem cells sustain glioblastoma subtypes indicating novel clinical biomarkers and high-efficacy customized therapies. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2023; 42:244. [PMID: 37735434 PMCID: PMC10512479 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02811-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most malignant among gliomas with an inevitable lethal outcome. The elucidation of the physiology and regulation of this tumor is mandatory to unravel novel target and effective therapeutics. Emerging concepts show that the minor subset of glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) accounts for tumorigenicity, representing the true target for innovative therapies in GBM. METHODS Here, we isolated and established functionally stable and steadily expanding GSCs lines from a large cohort of GBM patients. The molecular, functional and antigenic landscape of GBM tissues and their derivative GSCs was highlited in a side-by-side comprehensive genomic and transcriptomic characterization by ANOVA and Fisher's exact tests. GSCs' physio-pathological hallmarks were delineated by comparing over time in vitro and in vivo their expansion, self-renewal and tumorigenic ability with hierarchical linear models for repeated measurements and Kaplan-Meier method. Candidate biomarkers performance in discriminating GBM patients' classification emerged by classification tree and patients' survival analysis. RESULTS Here, distinct biomarker signatures together with aberrant functional programs were shown to stratify GBM patients as well as their sibling GSCs population into TCGA clusters. Of importance, GSCs cells were demonstrated to fully resemble over time the molecular features of their patient of origin. Furthermore, we pointed out the existence of distinct GSCs subsets within GBM classification, inherently endowed with different self-renewal and tumorigenic potential. Particularly, classical GSCs were identified by more undifferentiated biological hallmarks, enhanced expansion and clonal capacity as compared to the more mature, relatively slow-propagating mesenchymal and proneural cells, likely endowed with a higher potential for infiltration either ex vivo or in vivo. Importantly, the combination of DCX and EGFR markers, selectively enriched among GSCs pools, almost exactly predicted GBM patients' clusters together with their survival and drug response. CONCLUSIONS In this study we report that an inherent enrichment of distinct GSCs pools underpin the functional inter-cluster variances displayed by GBM patients. We uncover two selectively represented novel functional biomarkers capable of discriminating GBM patients' stratification, survival and drug response, setting the stage for the determination of patient-tailored diagnostic and prognostic strategies and, mostly, for the design of appropriate, patient-selective treatment protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nadia Trivieri
- Cancer Stem Cells Unit, Institute for Stem Cell Biology, Regenerative Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics (ISBReMIT), IRCSS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Opera di San Pio da Pietrelcina, San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy
| | - Gandino Mencarelli
- Cancer Stem Cells Unit, Institute for Stem Cell Biology, Regenerative Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics (ISBReMIT), IRCSS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Opera di San Pio da Pietrelcina, San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy
| | | | - Massimiliano Copetti
- Biostatistical Unit, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Orazio Palumbo
- Medical Genetics Unit, IRCCS Casa Sollievo Della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Riccardo Pracella
- Cancer Stem Cells Unit, Institute for Stem Cell Biology, Regenerative Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics (ISBReMIT), IRCSS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Opera di San Pio da Pietrelcina, San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Cariglia
- Cancer Stem Cells Unit, Institute for Stem Cell Biology, Regenerative Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics (ISBReMIT), IRCSS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Opera di San Pio da Pietrelcina, San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy
| | - Chiara Barile
- Cancer Stem Cells Unit, Institute for Stem Cell Biology, Regenerative Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics (ISBReMIT), IRCSS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Opera di San Pio da Pietrelcina, San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy
| | - Luigi Mischitelli
- Cancer Stem Cells Unit, Institute for Stem Cell Biology, Regenerative Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics (ISBReMIT), IRCSS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Opera di San Pio da Pietrelcina, San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy
| | - Amata Amy Soriano
- Cancer Stem Cells Unit, Institute for Stem Cell Biology, Regenerative Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics (ISBReMIT), IRCSS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Opera di San Pio da Pietrelcina, San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy
| | - Pietro Palumbo
- Medical Genetics Unit, IRCCS Casa Sollievo Della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Federico Legnani
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Neurologic Institute IRCCS C. Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco DiMeco
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Neurologic Institute IRCCS C. Besta, Milan, Italy
- Department of Neurosurgery, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, Mariland, USA
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Graziano Pesole
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Environment, University of Bari A. Moro, Bari, Italy
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, National Research Council, Bari, Italy
| | - Angelo L Vescovi
- Scientific Directorate, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy.
- Hyperstem SA, Lugano, Switzerland.
| | - Elena Binda
- Cancer Stem Cells Unit, Institute for Stem Cell Biology, Regenerative Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics (ISBReMIT), IRCSS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Opera di San Pio da Pietrelcina, San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy.
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4
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Sim J, Park J, Moon JS, Lim J. Dysregulation of inflammasome activation in glioma. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:239. [PMID: 37723542 PMCID: PMC10506313 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01255-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are the most common brain tumors characterized by complicated heterogeneity. The genetic, molecular, and histological pathology of gliomas is characterized by high neuro-inflammation. The inflammatory microenvironment in the central nervous system (CNS) has been closely linked with inflammasomes that control the inflammatory response and coordinate innate host defenses. Dysregulation of the inflammasome causes an abnormal inflammatory response, leading to carcinogenesis in glioma. Because of the clinical importance of the various physiological properties of the inflammasome in glioma, the inflammasome has been suggested as a promising treatment target for glioma management. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on the contribution of the inflammasomes in glioma and therapeutic insights. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- JeongMin Sim
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Pocheon, 11160, Republic of Korea
- Department of Neurosurgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University College of Medicine, 59 Yatap-Ro, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam, 13496, Republic of Korea
| | - JeongMan Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Pocheon, 11160, Republic of Korea
- Department of Neurosurgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University College of Medicine, 59 Yatap-Ro, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam, 13496, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Seok Moon
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, 31151, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jaejoon Lim
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Pocheon, 11160, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Neurosurgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University College of Medicine, 59 Yatap-Ro, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam, 13496, Republic of Korea.
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5
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Bahia RK, Hao X, Hassam R, Cseh O, Bozek DA, Luchman HA, Weiss S. Epigenetic and molecular coordination between HDAC2 and SMAD3-SKI regulates essential brain tumour stem cell characteristics. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5051. [PMID: 37598220 PMCID: PMC10439933 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40776-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylases are important epigenetic regulators that have been reported to play essential roles in cancer stem cell functions and are promising therapeutic targets in many cancers including glioblastoma. However, the functionally relevant roles of specific histone deacetylases, in the maintenance of key self-renewal and growth characteristics of brain tumour stem cell (BTSC) sub-populations of glioblastoma, remain to be fully resolved. Here, using pharmacological inhibition and genetic loss and gain of function approaches, we identify HDAC2 as the most relevant histone deacetylase for re-organization of chromatin accessibility resulting in maintenance of BTSC growth and self-renewal properties. Furthermore, its specific interaction with the transforming growth factor-β pathway related proteins, SMAD3 and SKI, is crucial for the maintenance of tumorigenic potential in BTSCs in vitro and in orthotopic xenograft models. Inhibition of HDAC2 activity and disruption of the coordinated mechanisms regulated by the HDAC2-SMAD3-SKI axis are thus promising therapeutic approaches for targeting BTSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravinder K Bahia
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Xiaoguang Hao
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Rozina Hassam
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Orsolya Cseh
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Danielle A Bozek
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - H Artee Luchman
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
| | - Samuel Weiss
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
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6
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Kim SC, Cho YE, Shin YK, Yu HJ, Chowdhury T, Kim S, Yi KS, Choi CH, Cha SH, Park CK, Ku JL. Patient-derived glioblastoma cell lines with conserved genome profiles of the original tissue. Sci Data 2023; 10:448. [PMID: 37438387 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02365-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most lethal intracranial tumor. Sequencing technologies have supported personalized therapy for precise diagnosis and optimal treatment of GBM by revealing clinically actionable molecular characteristics. Although accumulating sequence data from brain tumors and matched normal tissues have facilitated a comprehensive understanding of genomic features of GBM, these in silico evaluations could gain more biological credibility when they are verified with in vitro and in vivo models. From this perspective, GBM cell lines with whole exome sequencing (WES) datasets of matched tumor tissues and normal blood are suitable biological platforms to not only investigate molecular markers of GBM but also validate the applicability of druggable targets. Here, we provide a complete WES dataset of 26 GBM patient-derived cell lines along with their matched tumor tissues and blood to demonstrate that cell lines can mostly recapitulate genomic profiles of original tumors such as mutational signatures and copy number alterations.
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Grants
- 20009660 Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy (Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy, Korea)
- 20009660 Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy (Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy, Korea)
- 20009660 Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy (Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy, Korea)
- 20009660 Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy (Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy, Korea)
- 20009660 Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy (Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy, Korea)
- 20009660 Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy (Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy, Korea)
- 20009660 Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy (Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy, Korea)
- 20009660 Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy (Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy, Korea)
- 20009660 Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy (Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy, Korea)
- 20009660 Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy (Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy, Korea)
- 2020M3A9I6A02036061, 2021M3H9A1030151, NRF2022R1A5A102641311 National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)
- 2020M3A9I6A02036061, 2021M3H9A1030151, NRF2022R1A5A102641311 National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)
- 2020M3A9I6A02036061, 2021M3H9A1030151, NRF2022R1A5A102641311 National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon-Chan Kim
- Korean Cell Line Bank, Laboratory of Cell Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Eun Cho
- Korean Cell Line Bank, Laboratory of Cell Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Kyoung Shin
- Korean Cell Line Bank, Laboratory of Cell Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Jong Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Hospital and Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Tamrin Chowdhury
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Hospital and Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Sojin Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Hospital and Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Sik Yi
- Department of Radiology, Chungbuk National University Hospital and Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Chung Buk, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi-Hoon Choi
- Department of Radiology, Chungbuk National University Hospital and Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Chung Buk, 28644, Republic of Korea
- Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Chung Buk, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hoon Cha
- Department of Radiology, Chungbuk National University Hospital and Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Chung Buk, 28644, Republic of Korea.
- Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Chung Buk, 28644, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chul-Kee Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Hospital and Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ja-Lok Ku
- Korean Cell Line Bank, Laboratory of Cell Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
- Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea.
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7
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Armijo AL, Thongararm P, Fedeles BI, Yau J, Kay J, Corrigan JJ, Chancharoen M, Chawanthayatham S, Samson L, Carrasco S, Engelward B, Fox J, Croy R, Essigmann J. Molecular origins of mutational spectra produced by the environmental carcinogen N-nitrosodimethylamine and S N1 chemotherapeutic agents. NAR Cancer 2023; 5:zcad015. [PMID: 36992846 PMCID: PMC10041537 DOI: 10.1093/narcan/zcad015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA-methylating environmental carcinogens such as N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) and certain alkylators used in chemotherapy form O 6-methylguanine (m6G) as a functionally critical intermediate. NDMA is a multi-organ carcinogen found in contaminated water, polluted air, preserved foods, tobacco products, and many pharmaceuticals. Only ten weeks after exposure to NDMA, neonatally-treated mice experienced elevated mutation frequencies in liver, lung and kidney of ∼35-fold, 4-fold and 2-fold, respectively. High-resolution mutational spectra (HRMS) of liver and lung revealed distinctive patterns dominated by GC→AT mutations in 5'-Pu-G-3' contexts, very similar to human COSMIC mutational signature SBS11. Commonly associated with alkylation damage, SBS11 appears in cancers treated with the DNA alkylator temozolomide (TMZ). When cells derived from the mice were treated with TMZ, N-methyl-N-nitrosourea, and streptozotocin (two other therapeutic methylating agents), all displayed NDMA-like HRMS, indicating mechanistically convergent mutational processes. The role of m6G in shaping the mutational spectrum of NDMA was probed by removing MGMT, the main cellular defense against m6G. MGMT-deficient mice displayed a strikingly enhanced mutant frequency, but identical HRMS, indicating that the mutational properties of these alkylators is likely owed to sequence-specific DNA binding. In sum, the HRMS of m6G-forming agents constitute an early-onset biomarker of exposure to DNA methylating carcinogens and drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Armijo
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Pennapa Thongararm
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Bogdan I Fedeles
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Judy Yau
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jennifer E Kay
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Joshua J Corrigan
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Marisa Chancharoen
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Supawadee Chawanthayatham
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Leona D Samson
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Sebastian E Carrasco
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, and The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Bevin P Engelward
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - James G Fox
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Robert G Croy
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - John M Essigmann
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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8
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Kardani K, Sanchez Gil J, Rabkin SD. Oncolytic herpes simplex viruses for the treatment of glioma and targeting glioblastoma stem-like cells. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1206111. [PMID: 37325516 PMCID: PMC10264819 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1206111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most lethal cancers, having a poor prognosis and a median survival of only about 15 months with standard treatment (surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy), which has not been significantly extended in decades. GBM demonstrates remarkable cellular heterogeneity, with glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSCs) at the apex. GSCs are a subpopulation of GBM cells that possess the ability to self-renew, differentiate, initiate tumor formation, and manipulate the tumor microenvironment (TME). GSCs are no longer considered a static population of cells with specific markers but are quite flexible phenotypically and in driving tumor heterogeneity and therapeutic resistance. In light of these features, they are a critical target for successful GBM therapy. Oncolytic viruses, in particular oncolytic herpes simplex viruses (oHSVs), have many attributes for therapy and are promising agents to target GSCs. oHSVs are genetically-engineered to selectively replicate in and kill cancer cells, including GSCs, but not normal cells. Moreover, oHSV can induce anti-tumor immune responses and synergize with other therapies, such as chemotherapy, DNA repair inhibitors, and immune checkpoint inhibitors, to potentiate treatment effects and reduce GSC populations that are partly responsible for chemo- and radio-resistance. Herein, we present an overview of GSCs, activity of different oHSVs, clinical trial results, and combination strategies to enhance efficacy, including therapeutic arming of oHSV. Throughout, the therapeutic focus will be on GSCs and studies specifically targeting these cells. Recent clinical trials and approval of oHSV G47Δ in Japan for patients with recurrent glioma demonstrate the efficacy and promise of oHSV therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Samuel D. Rabkin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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9
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Hao X, Bahia RK, Cseh O, Bozek DA, Blake S, Rinnenthal J, Weyer-Czernilofsky U, Rudolph D, Artee Luchman H. BI-907828, a novel potent MDM2 inhibitor, inhibits glioblastoma brain tumor stem cells in vitro and prolongs survival in orthotopic xenograft mouse models. Neuro Oncol 2023; 25:913-926. [PMID: 36521007 PMCID: PMC10158121 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noac271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The tumor suppressor TP53 (p53) is frequently mutated, and its downstream effectors inactivated in many cancers, including glioblastoma (GBM). In tumors with wild-type status, p53 function is frequently attenuated by alternate mechanisms including amplification and overexpression of its key negative regulator, MDM2. We investigated the efficacy of the MDM2 inhibitor, BI-907828, in GBM patient-derived brain tumor stem cells (BTSCs) with different amplification statuses of MDM2, in vitro and in orthotopic xenograft models. METHODS In vitro growth inhibition and on-target efficacy of BI-907828 were assessed by cell viability, co-immunoprecipitation assays, and western blotting. In vivo efficacy of BI-907828 treatments was assessed with qPCR, immunohistochemistry, and in intracranial xenograft models. RESULTS BI-907828 decreases viability and induces cell death at picomolar concentrations in both MDM2 amplified and normal copy number TP53 wild-type BTSC lines. Restoration of p53 activity, including robust p21 expression and apoptosis induction, was observed in TP53 wild-type but not in TP53 mutant BTSCs. shRNA-mediated knock-down of TP53 in wild-type BTSCs abrogated the effect of BI-907828, confirming the specificity of the inhibitor. Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic studies in orthotopic tumor-bearing severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice demonstrated that a single 50 mg/kg p.o. dose of BI-907828 resulted in strong activation of p53 target genes p21 and MIC1. Long-term weekly or bi-weekly treatment with BI-907828 in orthotopic BTSC xenograft models was well-tolerated and improved survival both as a single-agent and in combination with temozolomide, with dose-dependent efficacy observed in the MDM2 amplified model. CONCLUSIONS BI-907828 provides a promising new therapeutic option for patients with TP53 wild-type primary brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoguang Hao
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ravinder K Bahia
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Orsolya Cseh
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Danielle A Bozek
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sophia Blake
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | - H Artee Luchman
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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10
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Zhang H, Guan S, Wei T, Wang T, Zhang J, You Y, Wang Z, Dai Z. Homotypic Membrane-Enhanced Blood-Brain Barrier Crossing and Glioblastoma Targeting for Precise Surgical Resection and Photothermal Therapy. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:5930-5940. [PMID: 36867864 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c13701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
The crossing of blood-brain barrier (BBB) is essential for glioblastoma (GBM) therapy, and homotypic targeting is an effective strategy to achieve BBB crossing. In this work, GBM patient-derived tumor cell membrane (GBM-PDTCM) is prepared to cloak gold nanorods (AuNRs). Relying on the high homology of the GBM-PDTCM to the brain cell membrane, GBM-PDTCM@AuNRs realize efficient BBB crossing and selective GBM targeting. Meanwhile, owing to the functionalization of Raman reporter and lipophilic fluorophore, GBM-PDTCM@AuNRs are able to generate fluorescence and Raman signals at GBM lesion, and almost all tumor can be precisely resected in 15 min by the guidance of dual signals, ameliorating the surgical treatment for advanced GBM. In addition, photothermal therapy for orthotopic xenograft mice is accomplished by intravenous injection of GBM-PDTCM@AuNRs, doubling the median survival time of the mice, which improves the nonsurgical treatment for early GBM. Therefore, benefiting from homotypic membrane-enhanced BBB crossing and GBM targeting, all-stage GBM can be treated with GBM-PDTCM@AuNRs in distinct ways, providing an alternative idea for the therapy of tumor in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials and Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials of Jiangsu Province, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Shujuan Guan
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials and Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials of Jiangsu Province, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Tianxiang Wei
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Tianyou Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials and Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials of Jiangsu Province, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Junxia Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, P. R. China
| | - Yongping You
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, P. R. China
| | - Zhaoyin Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials and Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials of Jiangsu Province, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Zhihui Dai
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials and Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials of Jiangsu Province, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China.,School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
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11
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Noorani I, Mischel PS, Swanton C. Leveraging extrachromosomal DNA to fine-tune trials of targeted therapy for glioblastoma: opportunities and challenges. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2022; 19:733-743. [PMID: 36131011 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-022-00679-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma evolution is facilitated by intratumour heterogeneity, which poses a major hurdle to effective treatment. Evidence indicates a key role for oncogene amplification on extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA) in accelerating tumour evolution and thus resistance to treatment, particularly in glioblastomas. Oncogenes contained within ecDNA can reach high copy numbers and expression levels, and their unequal segregation can result in more rapid copy number changes in response to therapy than is possible through natural selection of intrachromosomal genomic loci. Notably, targeted therapies inhibiting oncogenic pathways have failed to improve glioblastoma outcomes. In this Perspective, we outline reasons for this disappointing lack of clinical translation and present the emerging evidence implicating ecDNA as an important driver of tumour evolution. Furthermore, we suggest that through detection of ecDNA, patient selection for clinical trials of novel agents can be optimized to include those most likely to benefit based on current understanding of resistance mechanisms. We discuss the challenges to successful translation of this approach, including accurate detection of ecDNA in tumour tissue with novel technologies, development of faithful preclinical models for predicting the efficacy of novel agents in the presence of ecDNA oncogenes, and understanding the mechanisms of ecDNA formation during cancer evolution and how they could be attenuated therapeutically. Finally, we evaluate the feasibility of routine ecDNA characterization in the clinic and how this process could be integrated with other methods of molecular stratification to maximize the potential for clinical translation of precision medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Noorani
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK.
| | - Paul S Mischel
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine and Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Charles Swanton
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.
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12
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Nayak C, Singh SK. Integrated Transcriptome Profiling Identifies Prognostic Hub Genes as Therapeutic Targets of Glioblastoma: Evidenced by Bioinformatics Analysis. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:22531-22550. [PMID: 35811900 PMCID: PMC9260928 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most devastating and frequent type of primary brain tumor with high morbidity and mortality. Despite the use of surgical resection followed by radio- and chemotherapy as standard therapy, the progression of GBM remains dismal with a median overall survival of <15 months. GBM embodies a populace of cancer stem cells (GSCs) that is associated with tumor initiation, invasion, therapeutic resistance, and post-treatment reoccurrence. However, understanding the potential mechanisms of stemness and their candidate biomarkers remains limited. Hence in this investigation, we aimed to illuminate potential candidate hub genes and key pathways associated with the pathogenesis of GSC in the development of GBM. The integrated analysis discovered differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the brain cancer tissues (GBM and GSC) and normal brain tissues. Multiple approaches, including gene ontology (GO) analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis, were employed to functionally annotate the DEGs and visualize them through the R program. The significant hub genes were identified through the protein-protein interaction network, Venn diagram analysis, and survival analysis. We observed that the upregulated DEGs were prominently involved in the ECM-receptor interaction pathway. The downregulated genes were mainly associated with the axon guidance pathway. Five significant hub genes (CTNNB1, ITGB1, TNC, EGFR, and SHOX2) were screened out through multiple analyses. GO and KEGG analyses of hub genes uncovered that these genes were primarily enriched in disease-associated pathways such as the inhibition of apoptosis and the DNA damage repair mechanism, activation of the cell cycle, EMT (epithelial-mesenchymal transition), hormone AR (androgen receptor), hormone ER (estrogen receptor), PI3K/AKT (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and AKT), RTK (receptor tyrosine kinase), and TSC/mTOR (tuberous sclerosis complex and mammalian target of rapamycin). Consequently, the epigenetic regulatory network disclosed that hub genes played a vital role in the progression of GBM. Finally, candidate drugs were predicted that can be used as possible drugs to treat GBM patients. Overall, our investigation offered five hub genes (CTNNB1, ITGB1, TNC, EGFR, and SHOX2) that could be used as precise diagnostic and prognostic candidate biomarkers of GBM and might be used as personalized therapeutic targets to obstruct gliomagenesis.
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13
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Ashique S, Upadhyay A, Garg A, Mishra N, Hussain A, Negi P, Hing GB, Bhatt S, Ali MK, Gowthamarajan K, Singh SK, Gupta G, Chellappan DK, Dua K. Impact of ecDNA: A mechanism that directs tumorigenesis in cancer drug Resistance-A review. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 363:110000. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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14
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Mirzaei R, Gordon A, Zemp FJ, Kumar M, Sarkar S, Luchman HA, Bellail AC, Hao C, Mahoney DJ, Dunn JF, Bose P, Yong VW. PD-1 independent of PD-L1 ligation promotes glioblastoma growth through the NFκB pathway. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabh2148. [PMID: 34739319 PMCID: PMC8570610 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abh2148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Brain tumor–initiating cells (BTICs) drive glioblastoma growth through not fully understood mechanisms. Here, we found that about 8% of cells within the human glioblastoma microenvironment coexpress programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and BTIC marker. Gain- or loss-of-function studies revealed that tumor-intrinsic PD-1 promoted proliferation and self-renewal of BTICs. Phosphorylation of tyrosines within the cytoplasmic tail of PD-1 recruited Src homology 2–containing phosphatase 2 and activated the nuclear factor kB in BTICs. Notably, the tumor-intrinsic promoting effects of PD-1 did not require programmed cell death ligand 1(PD-L1) ligation; thus, the therapeutic antibodies inhibiting PD-1/PD-L1 interaction could not overcome the growth advantage of PD-1 in BTICs. Last, BTIC-intrinsic PD-1 accelerated intracranial tumor growth, and this occurred in mice lacking T and B cells. These findings point to a critical role for PD-1 in BTICs and uncover a nonimmune resistance mechanism of patients with glioblastoma to PD-1– or PD-L1–blocking therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Mirzaei
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ashley Gordon
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Franz J. Zemp
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mehul Kumar
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Susobhan Sarkar
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - H. Artee Luchman
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Anita C. Bellail
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Chunhai Hao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Douglas J. Mahoney
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jeff F. Dunn
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Pinaki Bose
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - V. Wee Yong
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Corresponding author.
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15
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Nickel AC, Picard D, Qin N, Wolter M, Kaulich K, Hewera M, Pauck D, Marquardt V, Torga G, Muhammad S, Zhang W, Schnell O, Steiger HJ, Hänggi D, Fritsche E, Her NG, Nam DH, Carro MS, Remke M, Reifenberger G, Kahlert UD. Longitudinal stability of molecular alterations and drug response profiles in tumor spheroid cell lines enables reproducible analyses. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 144:112278. [PMID: 34628166 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The utility of patient-derived tumor cell lines as experimental models for glioblastoma has been challenged by limited representation of the in vivo tumor biology and low clinical translatability. Here, we report on longitudinal epigenetic and transcriptional profiling of seven glioblastoma spheroid cell line models cultured over an extended period. Molecular profiles were associated with drug response data obtained for 231 clinically used drugs. We show that the glioblastoma spheroid models remained molecularly stable and displayed reproducible drug responses over prolonged culture times of 30 in vitro passages. Integration of gene expression and drug response data identified predictive gene signatures linked to sensitivity to specific drugs, indicating the potential of gene expression-based prediction of glioblastoma therapy response. Our data thus empowers glioblastoma spheroid disease modeling as a useful preclinical assay that may uncover novel therapeutic vulnerabilities and associated molecular alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Nickel
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Düsseldorf and Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - D Picard
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital Düsseldorf and Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Düsseldorf and Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Essen/Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - N Qin
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital Düsseldorf and Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Düsseldorf and Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Essen/Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - M Wolter
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Düsseldorf and Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - K Kaulich
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Düsseldorf and Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - M Hewera
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Düsseldorf and Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - D Pauck
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital Düsseldorf and Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Düsseldorf and Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - V Marquardt
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital Düsseldorf and Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Düsseldorf and Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - G Torga
- Drug Development Unit, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, London, UK
| | - S Muhammad
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Düsseldorf and Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - W Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - O Schnell
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - H-J Steiger
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Düsseldorf and Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - D Hänggi
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Düsseldorf and Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - E Fritsche
- Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - N-G Her
- R&D Center, AIMEDBIO Inc., Seoul, South Korea
| | - D-H Nam
- Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, South Korea
| | - M S Carro
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - M Remke
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital Düsseldorf and Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Düsseldorf and Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Essen/Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - G Reifenberger
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Düsseldorf and Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Essen/Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - U D Kahlert
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Düsseldorf and Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany; Molecular and Experimental Surgery, Department of General, Visceral, Vascular, and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.
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16
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Singh O, Pratt D, Aldape K. Immune cell deconvolution of bulk DNA methylation data reveals an association with methylation class, key somatic alterations, and cell state in glial/glioneuronal tumors. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2021; 9:148. [PMID: 34496929 PMCID: PMC8425010 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-021-01249-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
It is recognized that the tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a critical role in the biology of cancer. To better understand the role of immune cell components in CNS tumors, we applied a deconvolution approach to bulk DNA methylation array data in a large set of newly profiled samples (n = 741) as well as samples from external data sources (n = 3311) of methylation-defined glial and glioneuronal tumors. Using the cell-type proportion data as input, we used dimensionality reduction to visualize sample-wise patterns that emerge from the cell type proportion estimations. In IDH-wildtype glioblastomas (n = 2,072), we identified distinct tumor clusters based on immune cell proportion and demonstrated an association with oncogenic alterations such as EGFR amplification and CDKN2A/B homozygous deletion. We also investigated the immune cluster-specific distribution of four malignant cellular states (AC-like, OPC-like, MES-like and NPC-like) in the IDH-wildtype cohort. We identified two major immune-based subgroups of IDH-mutant gliomas, which largely aligned with 1p/19q co-deletion status. Non-codeleted gliomas showed distinct proportions of a key genomic aberration (CDKN2A/B loss) among immune cell-based groups. We also observed significant positive correlations between monocyte proportion and expression of PD-L1 and PD-L2 (R = 0.54 and 0.68, respectively). Overall, the findings highlight specific roles of the TME in biology and classification of CNS tumors, where specific immune cell admixtures correlate with tumor types and genomic alterations.
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Slow Off-Rate Modified Aptamer (SOMAmer) Proteomic Analysis of Patient-Derived Malignant Glioma Identifies Distinct Cellular Proteomes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179566. [PMID: 34502484 PMCID: PMC8431317 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant gliomas derive from brain glial cells and represent >75% of primary brain tumors. This includes anaplastic astrocytoma (grade III; AS), the most common and fatal glioblastoma multiforme (grade IV; GBM), and oligodendroglioma (ODG). We have generated patient-derived AS, GBM, and ODG cell models to study disease mechanisms and test patient-centered therapeutic strategies. We have used an aptamer-based high-throughput SOMAscan® 1.3K assay to determine the proteomic profiles of 1307 different analytes. SOMAscan® proteomes of AS and GBM self-organized into closely adjacent proteomes which were clearly distinct from ODG proteomes. GBM self-organized into four proteomic clusters of which SOMAscan® cluster 4 proteome predicted a highly inter-connected proteomic network. Several up- and down-regulated proteins relevant to glioma were successfully validated in GBM cell isolates across different SOMAscan® clusters and in corresponding GBM tissues. Slow off-rate modified aptamer proteomics is an attractive analytical tool for rapid proteomic stratification of different malignant gliomas and identified cluster-specific SOMAscan® signatures and functionalities in patient GBM cells.
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18
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Ulasov IV, Borovjagin A, Laevskaya A, Kamynina M, Timashev P, Cerchia L, Rozhkova EA. The IL13α 2R paves the way for anti-glioma nanotherapy. Genes Dis 2021; 10:89-100. [PMID: 37013057 PMCID: PMC10066331 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2021.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most aggressive (grade IV) gliomas characterized by a high rate of recurrence, resistance to therapy and a grim survival prognosis. The long-awaited improvement in GBM patients' survival rates essentially depends on advances in the development of new therapeutic approaches. Recent preclinical studies show that nanoscale materials could greatly contribute to the improvement of diagnosis and management of brain cancers. In the current review, we will discuss how specific features of glioma pathobiology can be employed for designing efficient targeting approaches. Moreover, we will summarize the main evidence for the potential of the IL-13R alpha 2 receptor (IL13α2R) targeting in GBM early diagnosis and experimental therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya V. Ulasov
- Group of Experimental Biotherapy and Diagnostic, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, World-Class Research Center “Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare”, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 8-2 Trubetskaya St., Moscow 119991, Russia
- Corresponding author.
| | - Anton Borovjagin
- Department of BioMedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Anastasia Laevskaya
- Group of Experimental Biotherapy and Diagnostic, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, World-Class Research Center “Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare”, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 8-2 Trubetskaya St., Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Margarita Kamynina
- Group of Experimental Biotherapy and Diagnostic, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, World-Class Research Center “Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare”, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 8-2 Trubetskaya St., Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Peter Timashev
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, World-Class Research Center “Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare”, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 8-2 Trubetskaya St., Moscow 119991, Russia
- Department of Polymers and Composites, N.N. Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, 4 Kosygin St, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory 1-3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Laura Cerchia
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology “G. Salvatore” (IEOS), National Research Council (CNR), Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Elena A. Rozhkova
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
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19
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Ensenyat-Mendez M, Íñiguez-Muñoz S, Sesé B, Marzese DM. iGlioSub: an integrative transcriptomic and epigenomic classifier for glioblastoma molecular subtypes. BioData Min 2021; 14:42. [PMID: 34425860 PMCID: PMC8381510 DOI: 10.1186/s13040-021-00273-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive and prevalent primary brain tumor, with a median survival of 15 months. Advancements in multi-omics profiling combined with computational algorithms have unraveled the existence of three GBM molecular subtypes (Classical, Mesenchymal, and Proneural) with clinical relevance. However, due to the costs of high-throughput profiling techniques, GBM molecular subtyping is not currently employed in clinical settings. METHODS Using Random Forest and Nearest Shrunken Centroid algorithms, we constructed transcriptomic, epigenomic, and integrative GBM subtype-specific classifiers. We included gene expression and DNA methylation (DNAm) profiles from 304 GBM patients profiled in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), the Human Glioblastoma Cell Culture resource (HGCC), and other publicly available databases. RESULTS The integrative Glioblastoma Subtype (iGlioSub) classifier shows better performance (mean AUC = 95.9%) stratifying patients than gene expression (mean AUC = 91.9%) and DNAm-based classifiers (AUC = 93.6%). Also, to expand the understanding of the molecular differences between the GBM subtypes, this study shows that each subtype presents unique DNAm patterns and gene pathway activation. CONCLUSIONS The iGlioSub classifier provides the basis to design cost-effective strategies to stratify GBM patients in routine pathology laboratories for clinical trials, which will significantly accelerate the discovery of more efficient GBM subtype-specific treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miquel Ensenyat-Mendez
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory at the Cancer Cell Biology Group, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), Carretera de Valldemosa 79, -1F, 07120, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Sandra Íñiguez-Muñoz
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory at the Cancer Cell Biology Group, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), Carretera de Valldemosa 79, -1F, 07120, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Borja Sesé
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory at the Cancer Cell Biology Group, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), Carretera de Valldemosa 79, -1F, 07120, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Diego M Marzese
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory at the Cancer Cell Biology Group, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), Carretera de Valldemosa 79, -1F, 07120, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
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20
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Kim Y, Varn FS, Park SH, Yoon BW, Park HR, Lee C, Verhaak RGW, Paek SH. Perspective of mesenchymal transformation in glioblastoma. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2021; 9:50. [PMID: 33762019 PMCID: PMC7992784 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-021-01151-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite aggressive multimodal treatment, glioblastoma (GBM), a grade IV primary brain tumor, still portends a poor prognosis with a median overall survival of 12–16 months. The complexity of GBM treatment mainly lies in the inter- and intra-tumoral heterogeneity, which largely contributes to the treatment-refractory and recurrent nature of GBM. By paving the road towards the development of personalized medicine for GBM patients, the cancer genome atlas classification scheme of GBM into distinct transcriptional subtypes has been considered an invaluable approach to overcoming this heterogeneity. Among the identified transcriptional subtypes, the mesenchymal subtype has been found associated with more aggressive, invasive, angiogenic, hypoxic, necrotic, inflammatory, and multitherapy-resistant features than other transcriptional subtypes. Accordingly, mesenchymal GBM patients were found to exhibit worse prognosis than other subtypes when patients with high transcriptional heterogeneity were excluded. Furthermore, identification of the master mesenchymal regulators and their downstream signaling pathways has not only increased our understanding of the complex regulatory transcriptional networks of mesenchymal GBM, but also has generated a list of potent inhibitors for clinical trials. Importantly, the mesenchymal transition of GBM has been found to be tightly associated with treatment-induced phenotypic changes in recurrence. Together, these findings indicate that elucidating the governing and plastic transcriptomic natures of mesenchymal GBM is critical in order to develop novel and selective therapeutic strategies that can improve both patient care and clinical outcomes. Thus, the focus of our review will be on the recent advances in the understanding of the transcriptome of mesenchymal GBM and discuss microenvironmental, metabolic, and treatment-related factors as critical components through which the mesenchymal signature may be acquired. We also take into consideration the transcriptomic plasticity of GBM to discuss the future perspectives in employing selective therapeutic strategies against mesenchymal GBM.
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21
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Werbowetski-Ogilvie TE. From sorting to sequencing in the molecular era: the evolution of the cancer stem cell model in medulloblastoma. FEBS J 2021; 289:1765-1778. [PMID: 33714236 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The cancer stem cell (CSC) model posits that tumors contain subpopulations that display defining features of normal stem cells including self-renewal capacity and differentiation. Tumor cells exhibiting these features are now considered to be responsible for tumor propagation and drug resistance in a wide variety of cancers. Therefore, the identification of robust CSC markers and characterization of CSC-specific molecular signatures may lead to the identification of novel therapeutics that selectively abolish this clinically relevant cell population while preserving normal tissue. Brain tumor researchers have been at the forefront of the CSC field. From initial in vitro cell sorting experiments to the sophisticated bioinformatic technologies that now exquisitely resolve primary brain tumors at a single-cell level, recent glioma and medulloblastoma (MB) studies have integrated developmental state with genomic and transcriptome data to identify the spectrum of cell types that may drive tumor progression. This review will examine the last two decades of CSC studies in the field. Seminal discoveries, emerging controversies, and outstanding questions will be covered with a particular focus on MB, the most common malignant primary brain tumor in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamra E Werbowetski-Ogilvie
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Program, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Research Institute in Oncology and Hematology, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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22
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Mikkelsen VE, Dai HY, Stensjøen AL, Berntsen EM, Salvesen Ø, Solheim O, Torp SH. MGMT Promoter Methylation Status Is Not Related to Histological or Radiological Features in IDH Wild-type Glioblastomas. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2021; 79:855-862. [PMID: 32688383 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlaa060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter methylation is an important favorable predictive marker in patients with glioblastoma (GBM). We hypothesized that MGMT status could be a surrogate marker of pretreatment tumor biology observed as histopathological and radiological features. Apart from some radiological studies aiming to noninvasively predict the MGMT status, few studies have investigated relationships between MGMT status and phenotypical tumor biology. We have therefore aimed to investigate such relationships in 85 isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) wild-type GBMs. MGMT status was determined by methylation-specific PCR and was assessed for associations with 22 histopathological features, immunohistochemical proliferative index and microvessel density measurements, conventional magnetic resonance imaging characteristics, preoperative speed of tumor growth, and overall survival. None of the investigated histological or radiological features were significantly associated with MGMT status. Methylated MGMT status was a significant independent predictor of improved overall survival. In conclusion, our results suggest that MGMT status is not related to the pretreatment phenotypical biology in IDH wild-type GBMs. Furthermore, our findings suggest the survival benefit of MGMT methylated GBMs is not due to an inherently less aggressive tumor biology, and that conventional magnetic resonance imaging features cannot be used to noninvasively predict the MGMT status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vilde Elisabeth Mikkelsen
- From the Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology
| | - Hong Yan Dai
- Department of Pathology, St Olav's University Hospital
| | - Anne Line Stensjøen
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology
| | - Erik Magnus Berntsen
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology.,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital
| | | | - Ole Solheim
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology.,Department of Neurosurgery, St. Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Sverre Helge Torp
- From the Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology.,Department of Pathology, St Olav's University Hospital
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23
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Duggan MR, Weaver M, Khalili K. PAM (PIK3/AKT/mTOR) signaling in glia: potential contributions to brain tumors in aging. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:1510-1527. [PMID: 33472174 PMCID: PMC7835031 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite a growing proportion of aged individuals at risk for developing cancer in the brain, the prognosis for these conditions remains abnormally poor due to limited knowledge of underlying mechanisms and minimal treatment options. While cancer metabolism in other organs is commonly associated with upregulated glycolysis (i.e. Warburg effect) and hyperactivation of PIK3/AKT/mTOR (PAM) pathways, the unique bioenergetic demands of the central nervous system may interact with these oncogenic processes to promote tumor progression in aging. Specifically, constitutive glycolysis and PIK3/AKT/mTOR signaling in glia may be dysregulated by age-dependent alterations in neurometabolic demands, ultimately contributing to pathological processes otherwise associated with PIK3/AKT/mTOR induction (e.g. cell cycle entry, impaired autophagy, dysregulated inflammation). Although several limitations to this theoretical model exist, the consideration of aberrant PIK3/AKT/mTOR signaling in glia during aging elucidates several therapeutic opportunities for brain tumors, including non-pharmacological interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R. Duggan
- Department of Neuroscience Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Michael Weaver
- Department of Neurosurgery Temple University Hospital Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Kamel Khalili
- Department of Neuroscience Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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24
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Golebiewska A, Hau AC, Oudin A, Stieber D, Yabo YA, Baus V, Barthelemy V, Klein E, Bougnaud S, Keunen O, Wantz M, Michelucci A, Neirinckx V, Muller A, Kaoma T, Nazarov PV, Azuaje F, De Falco A, Flies B, Richart L, Poovathingal S, Arns T, Grzyb K, Mock A, Herold-Mende C, Steino A, Brown D, May P, Miletic H, Malta TM, Noushmehr H, Kwon YJ, Jahn W, Klink B, Tanner G, Stead LF, Mittelbronn M, Skupin A, Hertel F, Bjerkvig R, Niclou SP. Patient-derived organoids and orthotopic xenografts of primary and recurrent gliomas represent relevant patient avatars for precision oncology. Acta Neuropathol 2020; 140:919-949. [PMID: 33009951 PMCID: PMC7666297 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-020-02226-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Patient-based cancer models are essential tools for studying tumor biology and for the assessment of drug responses in a translational context. We report the establishment a large cohort of unique organoids and patient-derived orthotopic xenografts (PDOX) of various glioma subtypes, including gliomas with mutations in IDH1, and paired longitudinal PDOX from primary and recurrent tumors of the same patient. We show that glioma PDOXs enable long-term propagation of patient tumors and represent clinically relevant patient avatars that retain histopathological, genetic, epigenetic, and transcriptomic features of parental tumors. We find no evidence of mouse-specific clonal evolution in glioma PDOXs. Our cohort captures individual molecular genotypes for precision medicine including mutations in IDH1, ATRX, TP53, MDM2/4, amplification of EGFR, PDGFRA, MET, CDK4/6, MDM2/4, and deletion of CDKN2A/B, PTCH, and PTEN. Matched longitudinal PDOX recapitulate the limited genetic evolution of gliomas observed in patients following treatment. At the histological level, we observe increased vascularization in the rat host as compared to mice. PDOX-derived standardized glioma organoids are amenable to high-throughput drug screens that can be validated in mice. We show clinically relevant responses to temozolomide (TMZ) and to targeted treatments, such as EGFR and CDK4/6 inhibitors in (epi)genetically defined subgroups, according to MGMT promoter and EGFR/CDK status, respectively. Dianhydrogalactitol (VAL-083), a promising bifunctional alkylating agent in the current clinical trial, displayed high therapeutic efficacy, and was able to overcome TMZ resistance in glioblastoma. Our work underscores the clinical relevance of glioma organoids and PDOX models for translational research and personalized treatment studies and represents a unique publicly available resource for precision oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Golebiewska
- NORLUX Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 84, Val Fleuri, 1526, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Ann-Christin Hau
- NORLUX Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 84, Val Fleuri, 1526, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Anaïs Oudin
- NORLUX Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 84, Val Fleuri, 1526, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Daniel Stieber
- NORLUX Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 84, Val Fleuri, 1526, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- National Center of Genetics, Laboratoire National de Santé, 3555, Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | - Yahaya A Yabo
- NORLUX Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 84, Val Fleuri, 1526, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, 4367, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Virginie Baus
- NORLUX Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 84, Val Fleuri, 1526, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Vanessa Barthelemy
- NORLUX Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 84, Val Fleuri, 1526, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Eliane Klein
- NORLUX Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 84, Val Fleuri, 1526, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Sébastien Bougnaud
- NORLUX Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 84, Val Fleuri, 1526, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Olivier Keunen
- NORLUX Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 84, Val Fleuri, 1526, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- Quantitative Biology Unit, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1445, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - May Wantz
- NORLUX Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 84, Val Fleuri, 1526, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Alessandro Michelucci
- NORLUX Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 84, Val Fleuri, 1526, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- Neuro-Immunology Group, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1526, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, 4367, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Virginie Neirinckx
- NORLUX Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 84, Val Fleuri, 1526, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Arnaud Muller
- Quantitative Biology Unit, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1445, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Tony Kaoma
- Quantitative Biology Unit, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1445, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Petr V Nazarov
- Quantitative Biology Unit, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1445, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Francisco Azuaje
- Quantitative Biology Unit, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1445, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Alfonso De Falco
- National Center of Genetics, Laboratoire National de Santé, 3555, Dudelange, Luxembourg
- Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, 4367, Belvaux, Luxembourg
- Luxembourg Center of Neuropathology, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Ben Flies
- National Center of Genetics, Laboratoire National de Santé, 3555, Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | - Lorraine Richart
- Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, 4367, Belvaux, Luxembourg
- Luxembourg Center of Neuropathology, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- National Center of Pathology, Laboratoire National de Santé, 3555, Dudelange, Luxembourg
- Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1526, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Suresh Poovathingal
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, 4367, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Thais Arns
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, 4367, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Kamil Grzyb
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, 4367, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Andreas Mock
- Division of Experimental Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christel Herold-Mende
- Division of Experimental Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anne Steino
- DelMar Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Vancouver, BC, Canada
- DelMar Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Dennis Brown
- DelMar Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Vancouver, BC, Canada
- DelMar Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Patrick May
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, 4367, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Hrvoje Miletic
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, 5019, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Tathiane M Malta
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Houtan Noushmehr
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Yong-Jun Kwon
- Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1526, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Winnie Jahn
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 01307, Dresden, Germany
- Core Unit for Molecular Tumor Diagnostics (CMTD), National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Barbara Klink
- National Center of Genetics, Laboratoire National de Santé, 3555, Dudelange, Luxembourg
- Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1526, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 01307, Dresden, Germany
- Core Unit for Molecular Tumor Diagnostics (CMTD), National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), 01307, Dresden, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Georgette Tanner
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Lucy F Stead
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Michel Mittelbronn
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, 4367, Belvaux, Luxembourg
- Luxembourg Center of Neuropathology, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- National Center of Pathology, Laboratoire National de Santé, 3555, Dudelange, Luxembourg
- Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1526, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Alexander Skupin
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, 4367, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Frank Hertel
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, 4367, Belvaux, Luxembourg
- Department of Neurosurgery, Centre Hospitalier Luxembourg, 1210, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Rolf Bjerkvig
- NORLUX Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 84, Val Fleuri, 1526, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, 5019, Bergen, Norway
| | - Simone P Niclou
- NORLUX Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 84, Val Fleuri, 1526, Luxembourg, Luxembourg.
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, 5019, Bergen, Norway.
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25
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Restall IJ, Cseh O, Richards LM, Pugh TJ, Luchman HA, Weiss S. Brain Tumor Stem Cell Dependence on Glutaminase Reveals a Metabolic Vulnerability through the Amino Acid Deprivation Response Pathway. Cancer Res 2020; 80:5478-5490. [PMID: 33106333 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-3923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells can metabolize glutamine to replenish TCA cycle intermediates, leading to a dependence on glutaminolysis for cell survival. However, a mechanistic understanding of the role that glutamine metabolism has on the survival of glioblastoma (GBM) brain tumor stem cells (BTSC) has not yet been elucidated. Here, we report that across a panel of 19 GBM BTSC lines, inhibition of glutaminase (GLS) showed a variable response from complete blockade of cell growth to absolute resistance. Surprisingly, BTSC sensitivity to GLS inhibition was a result of reduced intracellular glutamate triggering the amino acid deprivation response (AADR) and not due to the contribution of glutaminolysis to the TCA cycle. Moreover, BTSC sensitivity to GLS inhibition negatively correlated with expression of the astrocytic glutamate transporters EAAT1 and EAAT2. Blocking glutamate transport in BTSCs with high EAAT1/EAAT2 expression rendered cells susceptible to GLS inhibition, triggering the AADR and limiting cell growth. These findings uncover a unique metabolic vulnerability in BTSCs and support the therapeutic targeting of upstream activators and downstream effectors of the AADR pathway in GBM. Moreover, they demonstrate that gene expression patterns reflecting the cellular hierarchy of the tissue of origin can alter the metabolic requirements of the cancer stem cell population. SIGNIFICANCE: Glioblastoma brain tumor stem cells with low astrocytic glutamate transporter expression are dependent on GLS to maintain intracellular glutamate to prevent the amino acid deprivation response and cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian J Restall
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, and Clark H. Smith Brain Tumour Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Orsolya Cseh
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, and Clark H. Smith Brain Tumour Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Laura M Richards
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Trevor J Pugh
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - H Artee Luchman
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, and Clark H. Smith Brain Tumour Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Samuel Weiss
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, and Clark H. Smith Brain Tumour Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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26
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Pamies D, Zurich MG, Hartung T. Organotypic Models to Study Human Glioblastoma: Studying the Beast in Its Ecosystem. iScience 2020; 23:101633. [PMID: 33103073 PMCID: PMC7569333 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is a very aggressive primary brain tumor in adults, with very low survival rates and no curative treatments. The high failure rate of drug development for this cancer is linked to the high-cost, time-consuming, and inefficient models used to study the disease. Advances in stem cell and in vitro cultures technologies are promising, however, and here we present the advantages and limitations of available organotypic culture models and discuss their possible applications for studying glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Pamies
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), Switzerland
| | - Marie-Gabrielle Zurich
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), Switzerland
| | - Thomas Hartung
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT) Europe, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT), Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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27
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De Boeck A, Ahn BY, D'Mello C, Lun X, Menon SV, Alshehri MM, Szulzewsky F, Shen Y, Khan L, Dang NH, Reichardt E, Goring KA, King J, Grisdale CJ, Grinshtein N, Hambardzumyan D, Reilly KM, Blough MD, Cairncross JG, Yong VW, Marra MA, Jones SJM, Kaplan DR, McCoy KD, Holland EC, Bose P, Chan JA, Robbins SM, Senger DL. Glioma-derived IL-33 orchestrates an inflammatory brain tumor microenvironment that accelerates glioma progression. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4997. [PMID: 33020472 PMCID: PMC7536425 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18569-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite a deeper molecular understanding, human glioblastoma remains one of the most treatment refractory and fatal cancers. It is known that the presence of macrophages and microglia impact glioblastoma tumorigenesis and prevent durable response. Herein we identify the dual function cytokine IL-33 as an orchestrator of the glioblastoma microenvironment that contributes to tumorigenesis. We find that IL-33 expression in a large subset of human glioma specimens and murine models correlates with increased tumor-associated macrophages/monocytes/microglia. In addition, nuclear and secreted functions of IL-33 regulate chemokines that collectively recruit and activate circulating and resident innate immune cells creating a pro-tumorigenic environment. Conversely, loss of nuclear IL-33 cripples recruitment, dramatically suppresses glioma growth, and increases survival. Our data supports the paradigm that recruitment and activation of immune cells, when instructed appropriately, offer a therapeutic strategy that switches the focus from the cancer cell alone to one that includes the normal host environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid De Boeck
- Clark Smith Brain Tumour Centre, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Bo Young Ahn
- Clark Smith Brain Tumour Centre, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Charlotte D'Mello
- Clark Smith Brain Tumour Centre, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Xueqing Lun
- Clark Smith Brain Tumour Centre, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Shyam V Menon
- Clark Smith Brain Tumour Centre, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Mana M Alshehri
- Clark Smith Brain Tumour Centre, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Frank Szulzewsky
- Divison of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Yaoqing Shen
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Lubaba Khan
- Clark Smith Brain Tumour Centre, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Ngoc Ha Dang
- Clark Smith Brain Tumour Centre, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Elliott Reichardt
- Clark Smith Brain Tumour Centre, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Kimberly-Ann Goring
- Clark Smith Brain Tumour Centre, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jennifer King
- Clark Smith Brain Tumour Centre, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Cameron J Grisdale
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Natalie Grinshtein
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto and Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Dolores Hambardzumyan
- Department of Oncological Sciences, The Tisch Cancer Institute and the Department of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States
| | - Karlyne M Reilly
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Michael D Blough
- Clark Smith Brain Tumour Centre, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - J Gregory Cairncross
- Clark Smith Brain Tumour Centre, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - V Wee Yong
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Marco A Marra
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Steven J M Jones
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - David R Kaplan
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto and Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kathy D McCoy
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Eric C Holland
- Divison of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Pinaki Bose
- Clark Smith Brain Tumour Centre, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jennifer A Chan
- Clark Smith Brain Tumour Centre, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Pathology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Stephen M Robbins
- Clark Smith Brain Tumour Centre, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
- Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
| | - Donna L Senger
- Clark Smith Brain Tumour Centre, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
- Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
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28
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Development of a peptide-based delivery platform for targeting malignant brain tumors. Biomaterials 2020; 252:120105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Sarkar S, Li Y, Mirzaei R, Rawji KS, Poon CC, Wang J, Kumar M, Bose P, Yong VW. Demeclocycline Reduces the Growth of Human Brain Tumor-Initiating Cells: Direct Activity and Through Monocytes. Front Immunol 2020; 11:272. [PMID: 32153581 PMCID: PMC7047330 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Myeloid cells that infiltrate into brain tumors are deactivated or exploited by the tumor cells. We previously demonstrated that compromised microglia, monocytes, and macrophages in malignant gliomas could be reactivated by amphotericin-B to contain the growth of brain tumorinitiating cells (BTICs). We identified meclocycline as another activator of microglia, so we sought to test whether its better-tolerated derivative, demeclocycline, also stimulates monocytes to restrict BTIC growth. Monocytes were selected for study as they would be exposed to demeclocycline in the circulation prior to entry into brain tumors to become macrophages. We found that demeclocycline increased the activity of monocytes in culture, as determined by tumor necrosis factor-α production and chemotactic capacity. The conditioned medium of demeclocycline-stimulated monocytes attenuated the growth of BTICs generated from human glioblastoma resections, as evaluated using neurosphere and alamarBlue assays, and cell counts. Demeclocycline also had direct effects in reducing BTIC growth. A global gene expression screen identified several genes, such as DNA damage inducible transcript 4, frizzled class receptor 5 and reactive oxygen species modulator 1, as potential regulators of demeclocycline-mediated BTIC growth reduction. Amongst several tetracycline derivatives, only demeclocycline directly reduced BTIC growth. In summary, we have identified demeclocycline as a novel inhibitor of the growth of BTICs, through direct effect and through indirect stimulation of monocytes. Demeclocycline is a candidate to reactivate compromised immune cells to improve the prognosis of patients with gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susobhan Sarkar
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, The Hotchkiss Brain Institute and the Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Oncology, The Hotchkiss Brain Institute and the Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Yibo Li
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, The Hotchkiss Brain Institute and the Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Oncology, The Hotchkiss Brain Institute and the Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Reza Mirzaei
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, The Hotchkiss Brain Institute and the Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Oncology, The Hotchkiss Brain Institute and the Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Khalil S Rawji
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, The Hotchkiss Brain Institute and the Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Oncology, The Hotchkiss Brain Institute and the Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Candice C Poon
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, The Hotchkiss Brain Institute and the Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Oncology, The Hotchkiss Brain Institute and the Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jianxiong Wang
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, The Hotchkiss Brain Institute and the Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Oncology, The Hotchkiss Brain Institute and the Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Mehul Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Hotchkiss Brain Institute and the Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Surgery, The Hotchkiss Brain Institute and the Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Pinaki Bose
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Hotchkiss Brain Institute and the Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Surgery, The Hotchkiss Brain Institute and the Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - V Wee Yong
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, The Hotchkiss Brain Institute and the Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Oncology, The Hotchkiss Brain Institute and the Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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30
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Jensen KV, Hao X, Aman A, Luchman HA, Weiss S. EGFR blockade in GBM brain tumor stem cells synergizes with JAK2/STAT3 pathway inhibition to abrogate compensatory mechanisms in vitro and in vivo. Neurooncol Adv 2020; 2:vdaa020. [PMID: 32226941 PMCID: PMC7086303 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdaa020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The EGFR pathway is frequently mutated in glioblastoma (GBM). However, to date, EGFR therapies have not demonstrated efficacy in clinical trials. Poor brain penetration of conventional inhibitors, lack of patient stratification for EGFR status, and mechanisms of resistance are likely responsible for the failure of EGFR-targeted therapy. We aimed to address these elements in a large panel of molecularly diverse patient-derived GBM brain tumor stem cells (BTSCs). Methods In vitro growth inhibition and on-target efficacy of afatinib, pacritinib, or a combination were assessed by cell viability, neurosphere formation, cytotoxicity, limiting dilution assays, and western blotting. In vivo efficacy was assessed with mass spectrometry, immunohistochemistry, magnetic resonance imaging, and intracranial xenograft models. Results We show that afatinib and pacritinib decreased BTSC growth and sphere-forming capacity in vitro. Combinations of the 2 drugs were synergistic and abrogated the activation of STAT3 signaling observed upon EGFR inhibition in vitro and in vivo. We further demonstrate that the brain-penetrant EGFR inhibitor, afatinib, improved survival in EGFRvIII mt orthotopic xenograft models. However, upregulation of the oncogenic STAT3 signaling pathway was observed following afatinib treatment. Combined inhibition with 2 clinically relevant drugs, afatinib and pacritinib, synergistically decreased BTSC viability and abrogated this compensatory mechanism of resistance to EGFR inhibition. A significant decrease in tumor burden in vivo was observed with the combinatorial treatment. Conclusions These data demonstrate that brain-penetrant combinatorial therapies targeting the EGFR and STAT3 signaling pathways hold therapeutic promise for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine V Jensen
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Xiaoguang Hao
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ahmed Aman
- Drug Discovery Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - H Artee Luchman
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Samuel Weiss
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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31
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SLUG Directs the Precursor State of Human Brain Tumor Stem Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11111635. [PMID: 31652994 PMCID: PMC6895861 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11111635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In glioblastoma (GBM), brain tumor stem cells (BTSCs) encompass heterogenous populations of multipotent, self-renewing, and tumorigenic cells, which have been proposed to be at the root of therapeutic resistance and recurrence. While the functional significance of BTSC heterogeneity remains to be fully determined, we previously distinguished relatively quiescent stem-like precursor state from the more aggressive progenitor-like precursor state. In the present study, we hypothesized that progenitor-like BTSCs arise from stem-like precursors through a mesenchymal transition and drive post-treatment recurrence. We first demonstrate that progenitor-like BTSCs display a more mesenchymal transcriptomic profile. Moreover, we show that both mesenchymal GBMs and progenitor-like BTSCs are characterized by over-activated STAT3/EMT pathways and that SLUG is the primary epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) transcription factor directly regulated by STAT3 in BTSCs. SLUG overexpression in BTSCs enhances invasiveness, promotes inflammation, and shortens survival. Importantly, SLUG overexpression in a quiescent stem-like BTSC line enhances tumorigenesis. Finally, we report that recurrence is associated with SLUG-induced transcriptional changes in both BTSCs and GBM patient samples. Collectively, our findings show that a STAT3-driven precursor state transition, mediated by SLUG, may prime BTSCs to initiate more aggressive mesenchymal recurrence. Targeting the STAT3/SLUG pathway may maintain BTSCs in a quiescent stem-like precursor state, delaying recurrence and improving survival in GBM.
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