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Yang J, Cao C, Liu J, Liu Y, Lu J, Yu H, Li X, Wu J, Yu Z, Li H, Chen G. Dystrophin 71 deficiency causes impaired aquaporin-4 polarization contributing to glymphatic dysfunction and brain edema in cerebral ischemia. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 199:106586. [PMID: 38950712 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The glymphatic system serves as a perivascular pathway that aids in clearing liquid and solute waste from the brain, thereby enhancing neurological function. Disorders in glymphatic drainage contribute to the development of vasogenic edema following cerebral ischemia, although the molecular mechanisms involved remain poorly understood. This study aims to determine whether a deficiency in dystrophin 71 (DP71) leads to aquaporin-4 (AQP4) depolarization, contributing to glymphatic dysfunction in cerebral ischemia and resulting in brain edema. METHODS A mice model of middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion was used. A fluorescence tracer was injected into the cortex and evaluated glymphatic clearance. To investigate the role of DP71 in maintaining AQP4 polarization, an adeno-associated virus with the astrocyte promoter was used to overexpress Dp71. The expression and distribution of DP71 and AQP4 were analyzed using immunoblotting, immunofluorescence, and co-immunoprecipitation techniques. The behavior ability of mice was evaluated by open field test. Open-access transcriptome sequencing data were used to analyze the functional changes of astrocytes after cerebral ischemia. MG132 was used to inhibit the ubiquitin-proteasome system. The ubiquitination of DP71 was detected by immunoblotting and co-immunoprecipitation. RESULTS During the vasogenic edema stage following cerebral ischemia, a decline in the efflux of interstitial fluid tracer was observed. DP71 and AQP4 were co-localized and interacted with each other in the perivascular astrocyte endfeet. After cerebral ischemia, there was a notable reduction in DP71 protein expression, accompanied by AQP4 depolarization and proliferation of reactive astrocytes. Increased DP71 expression restored glymphatic drainage and reduced brain edema. AQP4 depolarization, reactive astrocyte proliferation, and the behavior of mice were improved. After cerebral ischemia, DP71 was degraded by ubiquitination, and MG132 inhibited the decrease of DP71 protein level. CONCLUSION AQP4 depolarization after cerebral ischemia leads to glymphatic clearance disorder and aggravates cerebral edema. DP71 plays a pivotal role in regulating AQP4 polarization and consequently influences glymphatic function. Changes in DP71 expression are associated with the ubiquitin-proteasome system. This study offers a novel perspective on the pathogenesis of brain edema following cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China; Institute of Stroke Research, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chang Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China; Institute of Stroke Research, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jiale Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China; Institute of Stroke Research, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yangyang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China; Institute of Stroke Research, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jinxin Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China; Institute of Stroke Research, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - HaoYun Yu
- Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China; Institute of Stroke Research, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jiang Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China; Institute of Stroke Research, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Zhengquan Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China; Institute of Stroke Research, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Haiying Li
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China; Institute of Stroke Research, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China; Institute of Stroke Research, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
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Shlobin NA, Staple BL, Sclafani M, Harter DH. The Glymphatic System and Subarachnoid Lymphatic-Like Membrane: Recent Developments in Cerebrospinal Fluid Research. World Neurosurg 2024; 190:147-156. [PMID: 39002777 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2024.07.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulates throughout the ventricles, cranial and spinal subarachnoid spaces, and central spinal cord canal. CSF protects the central nervous system through mechanical cushioning, regulation of intracranial pressure, regulation of metabolic homeostasis, and provision of nutrients. Recently, investigators have characterized the glial-lymphatic (glymphatic) system, the analog of the lymphatic system in the central nervous system, and described a fourth meningeal layer; the subarachnoid lymphatic-like membrane (SLYM)relevant to the CSF. METHODS A narrative review was conducted. RESULTS In this review, we summarize these advances. We describe the development of the original model, controversies, a revised model, and a new conceptual framework. We characterize the biological functions, influence of sleep-wake cycles, and effect of aging with relevance to the glymphatic system. We highlight the role of the glymphatic system in Alzheimer's disease, idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus, ischemic stroke, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and traumatic brain injury. Next, we characterize the structure and role of the SLYM. Finally, we explore the relevance of the glymphatic system and SLYM to neurosurgery. CONCLUSIONS This manuscript will inform clinicians and scientists regarding preclinical and translational advances in the understanding of the structure, dynamics, and function of the CSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan A Shlobin
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
| | - Brandon L Staple
- College of Medicine, University of Nebraska, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | | | - David H Harter
- Department of Neurosurgery, NYU Langone, New York, New York, USA
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Sriram S, Carstens K, Dewing W, Fiacco TA. Astrocyte regulation of extracellular space parameters across the sleep-wake cycle. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1401698. [PMID: 38988660 PMCID: PMC11233815 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1401698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple subfields of neuroscience research are beginning to incorporate astrocytes into current frameworks of understanding overall brain physiology, neuronal circuitry, and disease etiology that underlie sleep and sleep-related disorders. Astrocytes have emerged as a dynamic regulator of neuronal activity through control of extracellular space (ECS) volume and composition, both of which can vary dramatically during different levels of sleep and arousal. Astrocytes are also an attractive target of sleep research due to their prominent role in the glymphatic system, a method by which toxic metabolites generated during wakefulness are cleared away. In this review we assess the literature surrounding glial influences on fluctuations in ECS volume and composition across the sleep-wake cycle. We also examine mechanisms of astrocyte volume regulation in glymphatic solute clearance and their role in sleep and wake states. Overall, findings highlight the importance of astrocytes in sleep and sleep research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandhya Sriram
- Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Kaira Carstens
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Wayne Dewing
- Undergraduate Major in Neuroscience, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Todd A Fiacco
- Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
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4
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Hladky SB, Barrand MA. Alterations in brain fluid physiology during the early stages of development of ischaemic oedema. Fluids Barriers CNS 2024; 21:51. [PMID: 38858667 PMCID: PMC11163777 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-024-00534-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Oedema occurs when higher than normal amounts of solutes and water accumulate in tissues. In brain parenchymal tissue, vasogenic oedema arises from changes in blood-brain barrier permeability, e.g. in peritumoral oedema. Cytotoxic oedema arises from excess accumulation of solutes within cells, e.g. ischaemic oedema following stroke. This type of oedema is initiated when blood flow in the affected core region falls sufficiently to deprive brain cells of the ATP needed to maintain ion gradients. As a consequence, there is: depolarization of neurons; neural uptake of Na+ and Cl- and loss of K+; neuronal swelling; astrocytic uptake of Na+, K+ and anions; swelling of astrocytes; and reduction in ISF volume by fluid uptake into neurons and astrocytes. There is increased parenchymal solute content due to metabolic osmolyte production and solute influx from CSF and blood. The greatly increased [K+]isf triggers spreading depolarizations into the surrounding penumbra increasing metabolic load leading to increased size of the ischaemic core. Water enters the parenchyma primarily from blood, some passing into astrocyte endfeet via AQP4. In the medium term, e.g. after three hours, NaCl permeability and swelling rate increase with partial opening of tight junctions between blood-brain barrier endothelial cells and opening of SUR1-TPRM4 channels. Swelling is then driven by a Donnan-like effect. Longer term, there is gross failure of the blood-brain barrier. Oedema resolution is slower than its formation. Fluids without colloid, e.g. infused mock CSF, can be reabsorbed across the blood-brain barrier by a Starling-like mechanism whereas infused serum with its colloids must be removed by even slower extravascular means. Large scale oedema can increase intracranial pressure (ICP) sufficiently to cause fatal brain herniation. The potentially lethal increase in ICP can be avoided by craniectomy or by aspiration of the osmotically active infarcted region. However, the only satisfactory treatment resulting in retention of function is restoration of blood flow, providing this can be achieved relatively quickly. One important objective of current research is to find treatments that increase the time during which reperfusion is successful. Questions still to be resolved are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen B Hladky
- Department of Pharmacology, Tennis Court Rd., Cambridge, CB2 1PD, UK.
| | - Margery A Barrand
- Department of Pharmacology, Tennis Court Rd., Cambridge, CB2 1PD, UK
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5
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Xiong Y, Yu Q, Zhi H, Peng H, Xie M, Li R, Li K, Ma Y, Sun P. Advances in the study of the glymphatic system and aging. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14803. [PMID: 38887168 PMCID: PMC11183173 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The glymphatic system is cerebrospinal fluid-brain tissue fluid exchange flow mediated by aquaporin-4 (AQP4) on the end feet of astrocytes for a system, which is capable of rapidly removing brain metabolites and thus maintaining brain homeostasis, and is known as the central immune system. Dysfunction of the glymphatic system causes accumulation of misfolded and highly phosphorylated proteins (amyloid-β and Tau proteins), which destabilizes the proteins, and the body's neuroinflammatory factors are altered causing aging of the immune system and leading to neurodegenerative diseases. Damage to the glymphatic system and aging share common manifestations, as well as unstudied biological mechanisms that are also linked, such as mitochondria, oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, and sleep. In this paper, we first summarize the structure, function, and research methods of the glymphatic system and the relationship between the glymphatic system and the peripheral immune system, and second, sort out and summarize the factors of the glymphatic system in removing metabolites and resolving aging-related diseases and factors affecting aging, to explore its related biological mechanisms, and moreover, to provide a new way of thinking for treating or intervening aging-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xiong
- School of Traditional Chinese MedicineShandong University of Traditional Chinese MedicineJinanChina
| | - Qingying Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, Joint International Research Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical SciencesGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Haimei Zhi
- Qilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Huiyuan Peng
- Department of RehabilitationZhongshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineZhongshanChina
| | - Mingjun Xie
- School of Traditional Chinese MedicineShandong University of Traditional Chinese MedicineJinanChina
| | - Renjun Li
- Department of PsychiatryJinan Mental Health CenterJinanChina
| | - Kejian Li
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and PharmacyShandong University of Traditional Chinese MedicineJinanChina
| | - Yuexiang Ma
- School of Traditional Chinese MedicineShandong University of Traditional Chinese MedicineJinanChina
| | - Peng Sun
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and PharmacyShandong University of Traditional Chinese MedicineJinanChina
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6
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Zepernick AL, Metodieva V, Pelegrina-Hidalgo N, Lippert AH, Horrocks MH, Varela JA. Single-molecule imaging of aquaporin-4 array dynamics in astrocytes. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:9576-9582. [PMID: 38682293 PMCID: PMC11097139 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr00330f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Aquaporin-4 (AQP4) facilitates water transport across astrocytic membranes in the brain, forming highly structured nanometric arrays. AQP4 has a central role in regulating cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulation and facilitating the clearance of solutes from the extracellular space of the brain. Adrenergic signaling has been shown to modulate the volume of the extracellular space of the brain via AQP4 localized at the end-feet of astrocytes, but the mechanisms by which AQP4 regulates CSF inflow and outflow in the brain remain elusive. Using advanced imaging techniques, including super-resolution microscopy and single-molecule tracking, we investigated the hypothesis that β-adrenergic receptor activation induces cellular changes that regulate AQP4 array size and mobility, thus influencing water transport in the brain. We report that the β-adrenergic agonist, isoproterenol hydrochloride, decreases AQP4 array size and enhances its membrane mobility, while hyperosmotic conditions induce the formation of larger, less mobile arrays. These findings reveal that AQP4 arrays are dynamic structures, responsive to adrenergic signals and osmotic changes, highlighting a novel regulatory mechanism of water transport in the brain. Our results provide insights into the molecular control of CSF circulation and extracellular brain space volume, laying the groundwork for understanding the relationship between astrocyte water transport, sleep physiology, and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Noelia Pelegrina-Hidalgo
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- IRR Chemistry Hub, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Anna H Lippert
- Institute for System Immunology, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Mathew H Horrocks
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- IRR Chemistry Hub, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Juan A Varela
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK.
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7
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Wu CH, Chang FC, Wang YF, Lirng JF, Wu HM, Pan LLH, Wang SJ, Chen SP. Impaired Glymphatic and Meningeal Lymphatic Functions in Patients with Chronic Migraine. Ann Neurol 2024; 95:583-595. [PMID: 38055324 DOI: 10.1002/ana.26842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was undertaken to investigate migraine glymphatic and meningeal lymphatic vessel (mLV) functions. METHODS Migraine patients and healthy controls (HCs) were prospectively recruited between 2020 and 2023. Diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular space (DTI-ALPS) index for glymphatics and dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging parameters (time to peak [TTP]/enhancement integral [EI]/mean time to enhance [MTE]) for para-superior sagittal (paraSSS)-mLV or paratransverse sinus (paraTS)-mLV in episodic migraine (EM), chronic migraine (CM), and CM with and without medication-overuse headache (MOH) were analyzed. DTI-ALPS correlations with clinical parameters (migraine severity [numeric rating scale]/disability [Migraine Disability Assessment (MIDAS)]/bodily pain [Widespread Pain Index]/sleep quality [Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI)]) were examined. RESULTS In total, 175 subjects (112 migraine + 63 HCs) were investigated. DTI-ALPS values were lower in CM (median [interquartile range] = 0.64 [0.12]) than in EM (0.71 [0.13], p = 0.005) and HCs (0.71 [0.09], p = 0.004). CM with MOH (0.63 [0.07]) had lower DTI-ALPS values than CM without MOH (0.73 [0.12], p < 0.001). Furthermore, CM had longer TTP (paraSSS-mLV: 55.8 [12.9] vs 40.0 [7.6], p < 0.001; paraTS-mLV: 51.2 [8.1] vs 44.0 [3.3], p = 0.002), EI (paraSSS-mLV: 45.5 [42.0] vs 16.1 [9.2], p < 0.001), and MTE (paraSSS-mLV: 253.7 [6.7] vs 248.4 [13.8], p < 0.001; paraTS-mLV: 252.0 [6.2] vs 249.7 [1.2], p < 0.001) than EM patients. The MIDAS (p = 0.002) and PSQI (p = 0.002) were negatively correlated with DTI-ALPS index after Bonferroni corrections (p < q = 0.01). INTERPRETATION CM patients, particularly those with MOH, have glymphatic and meningeal lymphatic dysfunctions, which are highly clinically relevant and may implicate pathogenesis for migraine chronification. ANN NEUROL 2024;95:583-595.
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Grants
- MOHW 108-TDU-B-211-133001 Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taiwan
- MOHW107-TDU-B-211-123001 Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taiwan
- MOHW112-TDU-B-211-144001 Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taiwan
- N/A Professor Tsuen CHANG's Scholarship Program from Medical Scholarship Foundation In Memory Of Professor Albert Ly-Young Shen
- V109B-009 Taipei Veterans General Hospital
- V110C-102 Taipei Veterans General Hospital
- V111B-032 Taipei Veterans General Hospital
- V112B-007 Taipei Veterans General Hospital
- V112C-053 Taipei Veterans General Hospital
- V112C-059 Taipei Veterans General Hospital
- V112C-113 Taipei Veterans General Hospital
- V112D67-001-MY3-1 Taipei Veterans General Hospital
- V112D67-002-MY3-1 Taipei Veterans General Hospital
- V112E-004-1 Taipei Veterans General Hospital
- VGH-111-C-158 Taipei Veterans General Hospital
- The Brain Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University from The Featured Areas Research Center Program within the framework of the Higher Education Sprout Project by the Ministry of Education (MOE) in Taiwan
- 110-2314-B-075-005 The National Science and Technology Council, Taiwan
- 110-2314-B-075-032 The National Science and Technology Council, Taiwan
- 110-2321-B-010-005- The National Science and Technology Council, Taiwan
- 110-2326-B-A49A-501-MY3 The National Science and Technology Council, Taiwan
- 111-2314-B-075 -086-MY3 The National Science and Technology Council, Taiwan
- 111-2314-B-075-025 -MY3 The National Science and Technology Council, Taiwan
- 111-2314-B-A49-069-MY3 The National Science and Technology Council, Taiwan
- 111-2321-B-A49-004 The National Science and Technology Council, Taiwan
- 111-2321-B-A49-011 The National Science and Technology Council, Taiwan
- 112-2314-B-075-066- The National Science and Technology Council, Taiwan
- 112-2314-B-A49-037 -MY3 The National Science and Technology Council, Taiwan
- 112-2321-B-075-007 The National Science and Technology Council, Taiwan
- NSTC 108-2314-B-010-022 -MY3 The National Science and Technology Council, Taiwan
- 109V1-5-2 Veterans General Hospitals and University System of Taiwan Joint Research Program
- 110-G1-5-2 Veterans General Hospitals and University System of Taiwan Joint Research Program
- VGHUST-112-G1-2-1 Veterans General Hospitals and University System of Taiwan Joint Research Program
- Vivian W. Yen Neurological Foundation
- CI-109-3 Yen Tjing Ling Medical Foundation
- CI-111-2 Yen Tjing Ling Medical Foundation
- CI-112-2 Yen Tjing Ling Medical Foundation
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hung Wu
- Department of Radiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Chi Chang
- Department of Radiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Feng Wang
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Brain Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jiing-Feng Lirng
- Department of Radiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Mei Wu
- Department of Radiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ling Hope Pan
- Brain Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shuu-Jiun Wang
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Brain Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Pin Chen
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Brain Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Translational Research, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Krishnamoorthy N, Kalyan M, Hediyal TA, Anand N, Kendaganna PH, Pendyala G, Yelamanchili SV, Yang J, Chidambaram SB, Sakharkar MK, Mahalakshmi AM. Role of the Gut Bacteria-Derived Metabolite Phenylacetylglutamine in Health and Diseases. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:3164-3172. [PMID: 38284070 PMCID: PMC10809373 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c08184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, it has been well established that gut microbiota-derived metabolites can disrupt gut function, thus resulting in an array of diseases. Notably, phenylacetylglutamine (PAGln), a bacterial derived metabolite, has recently gained attention due to its role in the initiation and progression of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. This meta-organismal metabolite PAGln is a byproduct of amino acid acetylation of its precursor phenylacetic acid (PAA) from a range of dietary sources like egg, meat, dairy products, etc. The microbiota-dependent metabolism of phenylalanine produces PAA, which is a crucial intermediate that is catalyzed by diverse microbial catalytic pathways. PAA conjugates with glutamine and glycine in the liver and kidney to predominantly form phenylacetylglutamine in humans and phenylacetylglycine in rodents. PAGln is associated with thrombosis as it enhances platelet activation mediated through the GPCRs receptors α2A, α2B, and β2 ADRs, thereby aggravating the pathological conditions. Clinical evidence suggests that elevated levels of PAGln are associated with pathology of cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and neurological diseases. This Review further consolidates the microbial/biochemical synthesis of PAGln and discusses its role in the above pathophysiologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen
Kumar Krishnamoorthy
- Department
of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru 570015, India
- Centre
for Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Central Animal Facility, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru 570015, India
| | - Manjunath Kalyan
- Department
of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru 570015, India
- Centre
for Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Central Animal Facility, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru 570015, India
| | - Tousif Ahmed Hediyal
- Department
of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru 570015, India
- Centre
for Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Central Animal Facility, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru 570015, India
| | - Nikhilesh Anand
- Department
of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, American
University of Antigua, P. O. Box W-1451, Saint John’s, Antigua and Barbuda
| | - Pavan Heggadadevanakote Kendaganna
- Centre
for Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Central Animal Facility, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru 570015, India
| | - Gurudutt Pendyala
- Department
of Anesthesiology, University of Nebraska
Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
- Department
of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Anatomy, UNMC, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
- Child Health
Research Institute, UNMC, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
- National
Strategic Research Institute, UNMC, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Sowmya V. Yelamanchili
- Department
of Anesthesiology, University of Nebraska
Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
- Department
of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Anatomy, UNMC, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
- National
Strategic Research Institute, UNMC, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Jian Yang
- Drug
Discovery and Development Research Group, College of Pharmacy and
Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Saravana Babu Chidambaram
- Department
of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru 570015, India
- Centre
for Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Central Animal Facility, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru 570015, India
| | - Meena Kishore Sakharkar
- Drug
Discovery and Development Research Group, College of Pharmacy and
Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Arehally M. Mahalakshmi
- Department
of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru 570015, India
- Centre
for Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Central Animal Facility, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru 570015, India
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9
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Hussain R, Tithof J, Wang W, Cheetham-West A, Song W, Peng W, Sigurdsson B, Kim D, Sun Q, Peng S, Plá V, Kelley DH, Hirase H, Castorena-Gonzalez JA, Weikop P, Goldman SA, Davis MJ, Nedergaard M. Potentiating glymphatic drainage minimizes post-traumatic cerebral oedema. Nature 2023; 623:992-1000. [PMID: 37968397 PMCID: PMC11216305 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06737-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral oedema is associated with morbidity and mortality after traumatic brain injury (TBI)1. Noradrenaline levels are increased after TBI2-4, and the amplitude of the increase in noradrenaline predicts both the extent of injury5 and the likelihood of mortality6. Glymphatic impairment is both a feature of and a contributor to brain injury7,8, but its relationship with the injury-associated surge in noradrenaline is unclear. Here we report that acute post-traumatic oedema results from a suppression of glymphatic and lymphatic fluid flow that occurs in response to excessive systemic release of noradrenaline. This post-TBI adrenergic storm was associated with reduced contractility of cervical lymphatic vessels, consistent with diminished return of glymphatic and lymphatic fluid to the systemic circulation. Accordingly, pan-adrenergic receptor inhibition normalized central venous pressure and partly restored glymphatic and cervical lymphatic flow in a mouse model of TBI, and these actions led to substantially reduced brain oedema and improved functional outcomes. Furthermore, post-traumatic inhibition of adrenergic signalling boosted lymphatic export of cellular debris from the traumatic lesion, substantially reducing secondary inflammation and accumulation of phosphorylated tau. These observations suggest that targeting the noradrenergic control of central glymphatic flow may offer a therapeutic approach for treating acute TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashad Hussain
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - Jeffrey Tithof
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | | | - Wei Song
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Weiguo Peng
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Copenhagen Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Björn Sigurdsson
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Copenhagen Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daehyun Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Qian Sun
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Sisi Peng
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Virginia Plá
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Douglas H Kelley
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Hajime Hirase
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Copenhagen Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Pia Weikop
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Copenhagen Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steven A Goldman
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Copenhagen Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael J Davis
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Maiken Nedergaard
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Copenhagen Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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10
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Yu L, Zhang Z, Chen H, Wang M, Mao W, Hu J, Zuo D, Lv B, Wu W, Qi S, Cui G. Remote limb ischemic postconditioning inhibits microglia pyroptosis by modulating HGF after acute ischemia stroke. Bioeng Transl Med 2023; 8:e10590. [PMID: 38023701 PMCID: PMC10658568 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The repetitive inflation-deflation of a blood pressure cuff on a limb is known as remote limb ischemic postconditioning (RIPostC). It prevents brain damage induced by acute ischemia stroke (AIS). Pyroptosis, executed by the pore-forming protein gasdermin D (GSDMD), is a type of regulated cell death triggered by proinflammatory signals. It contributes to the pathogenesis of ischemic brain injury. However, the effects of RIPostC on pyroptosis following AIS remain largely unknown. In our study, linear correlation analysis confirmed that serum GSDMD levels in AIS patients upon admission were positively correlated with NIHSS scores. RIPostC treatment significantly reduced GSDMD level compared with patients without RIPostC at 3 days post-treatment. Besides, middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) surgery was performed on C57BL/6 male mice and RIPostC was induced immediately after MCAO. We found that RIPostC suppressed the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome to reduce the maturation of GSDMD, leading to decreased pyroptosis in microglia after AIS. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) was identified using the high throughput screening. Importantly, HGF siRNA, exogenous HGF, and ISG15 siRNA were used to reveal that HGF/ISG15 is a possible mechanism of RIPostC regulation in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yu
- Department of NeurologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Zuohui Zhang
- Department of NeurologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of NeurologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Miao Wang
- Department of NeurologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Wenqi Mao
- Department of NeurologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Jinxia Hu
- Department of NeurologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Dandan Zuo
- Department of NeurologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Bingchen Lv
- Department of NeurologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Weifeng Wu
- Department of NeurologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Suhua Qi
- School of Medical Technology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Laboratory DiagnosticsXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Guiyun Cui
- Department of NeurologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
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11
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Geiseler SJ, Phan KD, Brox C, Nguyen TD, Tartanoglu C, Doosje HL, Christiansen CL, Liesz A, Morland C. Pre-stroke exercise does not reduce atrophy in healthy young adult mice. Neurosci Lett 2023; 814:137447. [PMID: 37604388 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2023.137447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Stroke is the main cause of acquired disability in adults. Exercise reduces the risk for stroke and protects against functional loss after stroke. An exercise-induced reduction in key risk factors probably contributes to the protective effect, but direct effects on the brain may also contribute to stroke protection. We previously reported that exercise increases angiogenesis and neurogenesis through activation of the lactate receptor HCA1. Here we exposed young adult wild-type mice and HCA1 knockout mice to interval exercise at high or medium intensity, or to intraperitoneal injections of L-lactate or saline for seven weeks before we induced experimental stroke by permanent occlusion of the distal medial cerebral artery (dMCA). The resulting cortical atrophy measured three weeks after stroke was unaffected by exercise or L-lactate pre-treatments, and independent of HCA1 activation. Our results suggest that the beneficial effect of exercise prior to stroke where no reperfusion occurs is limited in individuals who do not carry risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J Geiseler
- Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Kimberly D Phan
- Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Camilla Brox
- Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Teresa D Nguyen
- Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Can Tartanoglu
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hanne-Lise Doosje
- Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Institute for Life Science and Technology, Hanzehogeschool, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Cathrine L Christiansen
- Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Artur Liesz
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology SyNergy, Munich, Germany
| | - Cecilie Morland
- Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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12
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Matt RA, Martin RS, Evans AK, Gever JR, Vargas GA, Shamloo M, Ford AP. Locus Coeruleus and Noradrenergic Pharmacology in Neurodegenerative Disease. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2023. [PMID: 37495851 DOI: 10.1007/164_2023_677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Adrenoceptors (ARs) throughout the brain are stimulated by noradrenaline originating mostly from neurons of the locus coeruleus, a brainstem nucleus that is ostensibly the earliest to show detectable pathology in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. The α1-AR, α2-AR, and β-AR subtypes expressed in target brain regions and on a range of cell populations define the physiological responses to noradrenaline, which includes activation of cognitive function in addition to modulation of neurometabolism, cerebral blood flow, and neuroinflammation. As these heterocellular functions are critical for maintaining brain homeostasis and neuronal health, combating the loss of noradrenergic tone from locus coeruleus degeneration may therefore be an effective treatment for both cognitive symptoms and disease modification in neurodegenerative indications. Two pharmacologic approaches are receiving attention in recent clinical studies: preserving noradrenaline levels (e.g., via reuptake inhibition) and direct activation of target adrenoceptors. Here, we review the expression and role of adrenoceptors in the brain, the preclinical studies which demonstrate that adrenergic stimulation can support cognitive function and cerebral health by reversing the effects of noradrenaline depletion, and the human data provided by pharmacoepidemiologic analyses and clinical trials which together identify adrenoceptors as promising targets for the treatment of neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrew K Evans
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Mehrdad Shamloo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
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13
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Li J, Wu X, Fu Y, Nie H, Tang Z. Two-photon microscopy: application advantages and latest progress for in vivo imaging of neurons and blood vessels after ischemic stroke. Rev Neurosci 2023; 34:559-572. [PMID: 36719181 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2022-0127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Two-photon microscopy (TPM) plays an important role in the study of the changes of the two important components of neurovascular units (NVU) - neurons and blood vessels after ischemic stroke (IS). IS refers to sudden neurological dysfunction caused by focal cerebral ischemia, which is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. TPM is a new and rapidly developing high-resolution real-time imaging technique used in vivo that has attracted increasing attention from scientists in the neuroscience field. Neurons and blood vessels are important components of neurovascular units, and they undergo great changes after IS to respond to and compensate for ischemic injury. Here, we introduce the characteristics and pre-imaging preparations of TPM, and review the common methods and latest progress of TPM in the neuronal and vascular research for injury and recovery of IS in recent years. With the review, we clearly recognized that the most important advantage of TPM in the study of ischemic stroke is the ability to perform chronic longitudinal imaging of different tissues at a high resolution in vivo. Finally, we discuss the limitations of TPM and the technological advances in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarui Li
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Xuan Wu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Yu Fu
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Hao Nie
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Zhouping Tang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, P. R. China
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14
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Gao Y, Liu K, Zhu J. Glymphatic system: an emerging therapeutic approach for neurological disorders. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1138769. [PMID: 37485040 PMCID: PMC10359151 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1138769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The functions of the glymphatic system include clearance of the metabolic waste and modulation of the water transport in the brain, and it forms a brain-wide fluid network along with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and interstitial fluid (ISF). The glymphatic pathway consists of periarterial influx of CSF, astrocyte-mediated interchange between ISF and CSF supported by aquaporin-4 (AQP4) on the endfeet of astrocyte around the periarterioles, and perivenous efflux of CSF. Finally, CSF is absorbed by the arachnoid granules or flows into the cervical lymphatic vessels. There is growing evidence from animal experiments that the glymphatic system dysfunction is involved in many neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, stroke, epilepsy, traumatic brain injury and meningitis. In this review, we summarize the latest progress on the glymphatic system and its driving factors, as well as changes in the glymphatic pathway in different neurological diseases. We significantly highlight the likely therapeutic approaches for glymphatic pathway in neurological diseases, and the importance of AQP4 and normal sleep architecture in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Gao
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Centre, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Kangding Liu
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Centre, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Centre, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
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15
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Ravache TT, Batistuzzo A, Nunes GG, Gomez TGB, Lorena FB, Do Nascimento BPP, Bernardi MM, Lima ERR, Martins DO, Campos ACP, Pagano RL, Ribeiro MO. Multisensory Stimulation Reverses Memory Impairment in Adrβ 3KO Male Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10522. [PMID: 37445699 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Norepinephrine plays an important role in modulating memory through its beta-adrenergic receptors (Adrβ: β1, β2 and β3). Here, we hypothesized that multisensory stimulation would reverse memory impairment caused by the inactivation of Adrβ3 (Adrβ3KO) with consequent inhibition of sustained glial-mediated inflammation. To test this, 21- and 86-day-old Adrβ3KO mice were exposed to an 8-week multisensory stimulation (MS) protocol that comprised gustatory and olfactory stimuli of positive and negative valence; intellectual challenges to reach food; the use of hidden objects; and the presentation of food in ways that prompted foraging, which was followed by analysis of GFAP, Iba-1 and EAAT2 protein expression in the hippocampus (HC) and amygdala (AMY). The MS protocol reduced GFAP and Iba-1 expression in the HC of young mice but not in older mice. While this protocol restored memory impairment when applied to Adrβ3KO animals immediately after weaning, it had no effect when applied to adult animals. In fact, we observed that aging worsened the memory of Adrβ3KO mice. In the AMY of Adrβ3KO older mice, we observed an increase in GFAP and EAAT2 expression when compared to wild-type (WT) mice that MS was unable to reduce. These results suggest that a richer and more diverse environment helps to correct memory impairment when applied immediately after weaning in Adrβ3KO animals and indicates that the control of neuroinflammation mediates this response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaís T Ravache
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Distúrbios do Desenvolvimento, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, São Paulo 01302-907, SP, Brazil
| | - Alice Batistuzzo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Distúrbios do Desenvolvimento, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, São Paulo 01302-907, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriela G Nunes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Distúrbios do Desenvolvimento, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, São Paulo 01302-907, SP, Brazil
| | - Thiago G B Gomez
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Distúrbios do Desenvolvimento, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, São Paulo 01302-907, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda B Lorena
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Distúrbios do Desenvolvimento, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, São Paulo 01302-907, SP, Brazil
- Departamento de Medicina Translacional, Universidade Federal de São Paulo 04023-062, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruna P P Do Nascimento
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Distúrbios do Desenvolvimento, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, São Paulo 01302-907, SP, Brazil
- Departamento de Medicina Translacional, Universidade Federal de São Paulo 04023-062, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Martha Bernardi
- Graduate Program in Environmental and Experimental Pathology, Paulista University, São Paulo 04026-002, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduarda R R Lima
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo 01308-050, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniel O Martins
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo 01308-050, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina P Campos
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo 01308-050, SP, Brazil
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Rosana L Pagano
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo 01308-050, SP, Brazil
| | - Miriam O Ribeiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Distúrbios do Desenvolvimento, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, São Paulo 01302-907, SP, Brazil
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16
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Sugiyama S, Sasaki T, Tanaka H, Yan H, Ikegami T, Kanki H, Nishiyama K, Beck G, Gon Y, Okazaki S, Todo K, Tamura A, Tsukita S, Mochizuki H. The tight junction protein occludin modulates blood-brain barrier integrity and neurological function after ischemic stroke in mice. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2892. [PMID: 36806348 PMCID: PMC9938878 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29894-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption contributes to brain injury and neurological impairment. Tight junctions (TJs) and cell-cell adhesion complexes develop between endothelial cells in the brain to establish and maintain the BBB. Occludin, the first transmembrane protein identified in TJs, has received intense research interest because numerous in vitro studies have suggested its importance in maintaining BBB integrity. However, its role in maintaining BBB integrity after ischemic stroke is less clear owing to the lack of in vivo evidence. This study aimed to investigate the dynamics and function of occludin across the acute and chronic phases after stroke using occludin-deficient mice. By photochemically induced thrombosis model, the expression of occludin was decreased in brain endothelial cells from ischemic lesions. The neurological function of occludin-deficient mice was continuously impaired compared to that of wild-type mice. BBB integrity evaluated by Evans blue and 0.5-kDa fluorescein in the acute phase and by 10-kDa fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled dextran in the chronic phase was decreased to a greater extent after stroke in occludin-deficient mice. Furthermore, occludin-deficient mice showed decreased claudin-5 and neovascularization after stroke. Our study reveals that occludin plays an important role from the acute to the chronic phase after ischemic stroke in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Sugiyama
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-2, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Tsutomu Sasaki
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-2, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Hiroo Tanaka
- grid.264706.10000 0000 9239 9995Advanced Comprehensive Research Organization, Teikyo University, Itabashiku, Tokyo 173-0003 Japan ,grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Laboratory of Barriology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan ,grid.264706.10000 0000 9239 9995Department of Pharmacology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Itabashi-Ku, Tokyo, 173-8605 Japan
| | - Haomin Yan
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-2, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Takeshi Ikegami
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-2, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Hideaki Kanki
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-2, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Kumiko Nishiyama
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-2, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Goichi Beck
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-2, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Yasufumi Gon
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-2, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Shuhei Okazaki
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-2, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Kenichi Todo
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-2, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Atsushi Tamura
- grid.264706.10000 0000 9239 9995Advanced Comprehensive Research Organization, Teikyo University, Itabashiku, Tokyo 173-0003 Japan ,grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Laboratory of Barriology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan ,grid.264706.10000 0000 9239 9995Department of Pharmacology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Itabashi-Ku, Tokyo, 173-8605 Japan
| | - Sachiko Tsukita
- grid.264706.10000 0000 9239 9995Advanced Comprehensive Research Organization, Teikyo University, Itabashiku, Tokyo 173-0003 Japan ,grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Laboratory of Barriology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Hideki Mochizuki
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-2, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
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17
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Clemente-Moragón A, Oliver E, Calle D, Cussó L, Gómez M, Pradillo JM, Castejón R, Rallón N, Benito JM, Fernández-Ferro JC, Carneado-Ruíz J, Moro MA, Sánchez-González J, Fuster V, Cortés-Canteli M, Desco M, Ibáñez B. Neutrophil β 1 adrenoceptor blockade blunts stroke-associated neuroinflammation. Br J Pharmacol 2023; 180:459-478. [PMID: 36181002 PMCID: PMC10100149 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Reperfusion therapy is the standard of care for ischaemic stroke; however, there is a need to identify new therapeutic targets able to ameliorate cerebral damage. Neutrophil β1 adrenoceptors (β1AR) have been linked to neutrophil migration during exacerbated inflammation. Given the central role of neutrophils in cerebral damage during stroke, we hypothesize that β1AR blockade will improve stroke outcomes. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Rats were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion-reperfusion to evaluate the effect on stroke of the selective β1AR blocker metoprolol (12.5 mg·kg-1 ) when injected i.v. 10 min before reperfusion. KEY RESULTS Magnetic resonance imaging and histopathology analysis showed that pre-reperfusion i.v. metoprolol reduced infarct size. This effect was accompanied by reduced cytotoxic oedema at 24 h and vasogenic oedema at 7 days. Metoprolol-treated rats showed reduced brain neutrophil infiltration and those which infiltrated displayed a high proportion of anti-inflammatory phenotype (N2, YM1+ ). Additional inflammatory models demonstrated that metoprolol specifically blocked neutrophil migration via β1AR and excluded a significant effect on the glia compartment. Consistently, metoprolol did not protect the brain in neutrophil-depleted rats upon stroke. In patients suffering an ischaemic stroke, β1AR blockade by metoprolol reduced circulating neutrophil-platelet co-aggregates. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our findings describe that β1AR blockade ameliorates cerebral damage by targeting neutrophils, identifying a novel therapeutic target to improve outcomes in patients with stroke. This therapeutic strategy is in the earliest stages of the translational pathway and should be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustín Clemente-Moragón
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Oliver
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CIB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Calle
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lorena Cussó
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Bioingeniería e Ingeniería Aeroespacial, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica Gómez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús M Pradillo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Castejón
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Norma Rallón
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Hospital Universitario Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - José M Benito
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - José C Fernández-Ferro
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - María A Moro
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.,Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Brain Function program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Valentín Fuster
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.,Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Marta Cortés-Canteli
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.,Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Brain Function program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Desco
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Bioingeniería e Ingeniería Aeroespacial, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Borja Ibáñez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain.,Cardiology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz Hospital, Madrid, Spain
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18
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Yan JH, Wang YJ, Sun YR, Pei YH, Ma HW, Mu YK, Qin LH. The lymphatic drainage systems in the brain: a novel target for ischemic stroke? Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:485-491. [DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.346484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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19
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Brain Bioenergetics in Chronic Hypertension: Risk Factor for Acute Ischemic Stroke. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 205:115260. [PMID: 36179931 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Chronic hypertension is one of the key modifiable risk factors for acute ischemic stroke, also contributing to determine greater neurological deficits and worse functional outcome when an acute cerebrovascular event would occur. A tight relationship exists between cerebrovascular autoregulation, neuronal activity and brain bioenergetics. In chronic hypertension, progressive adaptations of these processes occur as an attempt to cope with the demanding necessity of brain functions, creating a new steady-state homeostatic condition. However, these adaptive modifications are insufficient to grant an adequate response to possible pathological perturbations of the established fragile hemodynamic and metabolic homeostasis. In this narrative review, we will discuss the main mechanisms by which alterations in brain bioenergetics and mitochondrial function in chronic hypertension could lead to increased risk of acute ischemic stroke, stressing the interconnections between hemodynamic factors (i.e. cerebral autoregulation and neurovascular coupling) and metabolic processes. Both experimental and clinical pieces of evidence will be discussed. Moreover, the potential role of mitochondrial dysfunction in determining, or at least sustaining, the pathogenesis and progression of chronic neurogenic hypertension will be considered. In the perspective of novel therapeutic strategies aiming at improving brain bioenergetics, we propose some determinant factors to consider in future studies focused on the cause-effect relationships between chronic hypertension and brain bioenergetic abnormalities (and vice versa), so to help translational research in this so-far unfilled gap.
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20
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Abstract
We review theoretical and numerical models of the glymphatic system, which circulates cerebrospinal fluid and interstitial fluid around the brain, facilitating solute transport. Models enable hypothesis development and predictions of transport, with clinical applications including drug delivery, stroke, cardiac arrest, and neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer’s disease. We sort existing models into broad categories by anatomical function: Perivascular flow, transport in brain parenchyma, interfaces to perivascular spaces, efflux routes, and links to neuronal activity. Needs and opportunities for future work are highlighted wherever possible; new models, expanded models, and novel experiments to inform models could all have tremendous value for advancing the field.
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21
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The glymphatic system: implications for drugs for central nervous system diseases. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2022; 21:763-779. [PMID: 35948785 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-022-00500-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In the past decade, evidence for a fluid clearance pathway in the central nervous system known as the glymphatic system has grown. According to the glymphatic system concept, cerebrospinal fluid flows directionally through the brain and non-selectively clears the interstitium of metabolic waste. Importantly, the glymphatic system may be modulated by particular drugs such as anaesthetics, as well as by non-pharmacological factors such as sleep, and its dysfunction has been implicated in central nervous system disorders such as Alzheimer disease. Although the glymphatic system is best described in rodents, reports using multiple neuroimaging modalities indicate that a similar transport system exists in the human brain. Here, we overview the evidence for the glymphatic system and its role in disease and discuss opportunities to harness the glymphatic system therapeutically; for example, by improving the effectiveness of intrathecally delivered drugs.
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22
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Fukuda M, Matsumura T, Suda T, Hirase H. Depth-targeted intracortical microstroke by two-photon photothrombosis in rodent brain. NEUROPHOTONICS 2022; 9:021910. [PMID: 35311215 PMCID: PMC8929553 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.9.2.021910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Photothrombosis is a widely used model of ischemic stroke in rodent experiments. In the photothrombosis model, the photosensitizer rose bengal (RB) is systemically introduced into the blood stream and activated by green light to induce aggregation of platelets that eventually cause vessel occlusion. Since the activation of RB is a one-photon phenomenon and the molecules in the illuminated area (light path) are subject to excitation, targeting of thrombosis is unspecific, especially in the depth dimension. We developed a photothrombosis protocol that can target a single vessel in the cortical parenchyma by two-photon excitation. Aim: We aim to induce a thrombotic stroke in the cortical parenchyma by two-photon activation of RB to confine photothrombosis within a vessel of a target depth. Approach: FITC-dextran is injected into the blood stream to visualize the cerebral blood flow in anesthetized adult mice with a cranial window. After a target vessel is chosen by two-photon imaging (950 nm), RB is injected into the blood stream. The scanning wavelength is changed to 720 nm, and photothrombosis is induced by scanning the target vessel. Results: Two-photon depth-targeted single-vessel photothrombosis was achieved with a success rate of 84.9 % ± 1.7 % and an irradiation duration of < 80 s . Attempts without RB (i.e., only with FITC) did not result in photothrombosis at the excitation wavelength of 720 nm. Conclusions: We described a protocol that achieves depth-targeted single-vessel photothrombosis by two-photon excitation. Simultaneous imaging of blood flow in the targeted vessel using FITC dextran enabled the confirmation of vessel occlusion and prevention of excess irradiation that possibly induces unintended photodamage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Fukuda
- Kumamoto University, International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Signature Program in Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders, Singapore
- Address all correspondence to Masahiro Fukuda, ; Hajime Hirase,
| | - Takayoshi Matsumura
- Jichi Medical University, Division of Inflammation Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, Tochigi, Japan
- National University of Singapore, Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Toshio Suda
- Kumamoto University, International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
- National University of Singapore, Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hajime Hirase
- University of Copenhagen, Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Address all correspondence to Masahiro Fukuda, ; Hajime Hirase,
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23
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Lu Q, Xiong J, Yuan Y, Ruan Z, Zhang Y, Chai B, Li L, Cai S, Xiao J, Wu Y, Huang P, Zhang H. Minocycline improves the functional recovery after traumatic brain injury via inhibition of aquaporin-4. Int J Biol Sci 2022; 18:441-458. [PMID: 34975343 PMCID: PMC8692149 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.64187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the main concerns worldwide as there is still no comprehensive therapeutic intervention. Astrocytic water channel aquaporin-4 (AQP-4) system is closely related to the brain edema, water transport at blood-brain barrier (BBB) and astrocyte function in the central nervous system (CNS). Minocycline, a broad-spectrum semisynthetic tetracycline antibiotic, has shown anti-inflammation, anti-apoptotic, vascular protection and neuroprotective effects on TBI models. Here, we tried to further explore the underlying mechanism of minocycline treatment for TBI, especially the relationship of minocycline and AQP4 during TBI treatment. In present study, we observed that minocycline efficaciously reduces the elevation of AQP4 in TBI mice. Furthermore, minocycline significantly reduced neuronal apoptosis, ameliorated brain edema and BBB disruption after TBI. In addition, the expressions of tight junction protein and astrocyte morphology alteration were optimized by minocycline administration. Similar results were found after treating with TGN-020 (an inhibitor of AQP4) in TBI mice. Moreover, these effects were reversed by cyanamide (CYA) treatment, which notably upregulated AQP4 expression level in vivo. In primary cultured astrocytes, small-interfering RNA (siRNA) AQP4 treatment prevented glutamate-induced astrocyte swelling. To sum up, our study suggests that minocycline improves the functional recovery of TBI through reducing AQP4 level to optimize BBB integrity and astrocyte function, and highlights that the AQP4 may be an important therapeutic target during minocycline treating for TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Wound Repair and Regeneration Key Laboratory, Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, 325000, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun Xiong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Wound Repair and Regeneration Key Laboratory, Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, 325000, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Wound Repair and Regeneration Key Laboratory, Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, 325000, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of pharmacy, Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Zhejiang Province Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, 310003, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhanwei Ruan
- Department of Emergency, Ruian People's Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 325000, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Wound Repair and Regeneration Key Laboratory, Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, 325000, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bo Chai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Wound Repair and Regeneration Key Laboratory, Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, 325000, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lei Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Wound Repair and Regeneration Key Laboratory, Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, 325000, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shufang Cai
- The Institute of Life Sciences, Engineering Laboratory of Zhejiang Province for Pharmaceutical Development of Growth Factors, Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Wenzhou, Wenzhou University, 325035, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jian Xiao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Wound Repair and Regeneration Key Laboratory, Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, 325000, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanqing Wu
- The Institute of Life Sciences, Engineering Laboratory of Zhejiang Province for Pharmaceutical Development of Growth Factors, Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Wenzhou, Wenzhou University, 325035, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Peng Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Ruian People's Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 325200, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Wound Repair and Regeneration Key Laboratory, Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, 325000, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Zhuji People's Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 311899, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
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24
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Szczygielski J, Kopańska M, Wysocka A, Oertel J. Cerebral Microcirculation, Perivascular Unit, and Glymphatic System: Role of Aquaporin-4 as the Gatekeeper for Water Homeostasis. Front Neurol 2021; 12:767470. [PMID: 34966347 PMCID: PMC8710539 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.767470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past, water homeostasis of the brain was understood as a certain quantitative equilibrium of water content between intravascular, interstitial, and intracellular spaces governed mostly by hydrostatic effects i.e., strictly by physical laws. The recent achievements in molecular bioscience have led to substantial changes in this regard. Some new concepts elaborate the idea that all compartments involved in cerebral fluid homeostasis create a functional continuum with an active and precise regulation of fluid exchange between them rather than only serving as separate fluid receptacles with mere passive diffusion mechanisms, based on hydrostatic pressure. According to these concepts, aquaporin-4 (AQP4) plays the central role in cerebral fluid homeostasis, acting as a water channel protein. The AQP4 not only enables water permeability through the blood-brain barrier but also regulates water exchange between perivascular spaces and the rest of the glymphatic system, described as pan-cerebral fluid pathway interlacing macroscopic cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) spaces with the interstitial fluid of brain tissue. With regards to this, AQP4 makes water shift strongly dependent on active processes including changes in cerebral microcirculation and autoregulation of brain vessels capacity. In this paper, the role of the AQP4 as the gatekeeper, regulating the water exchange between intracellular space, glymphatic system (including the so-called neurovascular units), and intravascular compartment is reviewed. In addition, the new concepts of brain edema as a misbalance in water homeostasis are critically appraised based on the newly described role of AQP4 for fluid permeation. Finally, the relevance of these hypotheses for clinical conditions (including brain trauma and stroke) and for both new and old therapy concepts are analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Szczygielski
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów, Poland.,Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine and Saarland University Medical Center, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Marta Kopańska
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Anna Wysocka
- Chair of Internal Medicine and Department of Internal Medicine in Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Joachim Oertel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine and Saarland University Medical Center, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
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25
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Adrenergic inhibition facilitates normalization of extracellular potassium after cortical spreading depolarization. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8150. [PMID: 33854148 PMCID: PMC8047013 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87609-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Cortical spreading depolarization (CSD) is a propagating wave of tissue depolarization characterized by a large increase of extracellular potassium concentration and prolonged subsequent electrical silencing of neurons. Waves of CSD arise spontaneously in various acute neurological settings, including migraine aura and ischemic stroke. Recently, we have reported that pan-inhibition of adrenergic receptors (AdRs) facilitates the normalization of extracellular potassium after acute photothrombotic stroke in mice. Here, we have extended that mechanistic study to ask whether AdR antagonists also modify the dynamics of KCl-induced CSD and post-CSD recovery in vivo. Spontaneous neural activity and KCl-induced CSD were visualized by cortex-wide transcranial Ca2+ imaging in G-CaMP7 transgenic mice. AdR antagonism decreased the recurrence of CSD waves and accelerated the post-CSD recovery of neural activity. Two-photon imaging revealed that astrocytes exhibited aberrant Ca2+ signaling after passage of the CSD wave. This astrocytic Ca2+ activity was diminished by the AdR antagonists. Furthermore, AdR pan-antagonism facilitated the normalization of the extracellular potassium level after CSD, which paralleled the recovery of neural activity. These observations add support to the proposal that neuroprotective effects of AdR pan-antagonism arise from accelerated normalization of extracellular K+ levels in the setting of acute brain injury.
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26
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Li H, Lones L, DiAntonio A. Bidirectional regulation of glial potassium buffering - glioprotection versus neuroprotection. eLife 2021; 10:62606. [PMID: 33646119 PMCID: PMC7946421 DOI: 10.7554/elife.62606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glia modulate neuronal excitability and seizure sensitivity by maintaining potassium and water homeostasis. A salt inducible kinase 3 (SIK3)-regulated gene expression program controls the glial capacity to buffer K+ and water in Drosophila, however upstream regulatory mechanisms are unknown. Here, we identify an octopaminergic circuit linking neuronal activity to glial ion and water buffering. Under basal conditions, octopamine functions through the inhibitory octopaminergic G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) OctβR to upregulate glial buffering capacity, while under pathological K+ stress, octopamine signals through the stimulatory octopaminergic GPCR OAMB1 to downregulate the glial buffering program. Failure to downregulate this program leads to intracellular glia swelling and stress signaling, suggesting that turning down this pathway is glioprotective. In the eag shaker Drosophila seizure model, the SIK3-mediated buffering pathway is inactivated. Reactivation of the glial buffering program dramatically suppresses neuronal hyperactivity, seizures, and shortened life span in this mutant. These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of a glial-centric therapeutic strategy for diseases of hyperexcitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailun Li
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States
| | - Lorenzo Lones
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States
| | - Aaron DiAntonio
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States.,Needleman Center for Neurometabolism and Axonal Therapeutics, St. Louis, United States
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27
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Chau S, Fujii A, Wang Y, Vandebroek A, Goda W, Yasui M, Abe Y. Di-lysine motif-like sequences formed by deleting the C-terminal domain of aquaporin-4 prevent its trafficking to the plasma membrane. Genes Cells 2021; 26:152-164. [PMID: 33474763 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Aquaporin-4 is a transmembrane water channel protein, the C-terminal domain of which is facing the cytosol. In the process of investigating the role of the C-terminal domain of aquaporin-4 with regard to intracellular trafficking, we observed that a derivative of aquaporin-4, in which the C-terminal 53 amino acids had been removed (Δ271-323), was localized to intracellular compartments, including the endoplasmic reticulum, but was not expressed on the plasma membranes. This was determined by immunofluorescence staining and labeling of the cells with monoclonal antibody specifically recognizing the extracellular domain of aquaporin-4, followed by confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. Deletion of additional amino acids in the C-terminal domain of aquaporin-4 led to its redistribution to the plasma membrane. This suggests that the effect of the 53-amino acid deletion on the subcellular localization of aquaporin-4 could be attributed to the formation of a signal at the C terminus that retained aquaporin-4 in intracellular compartments, rather than the loss of a signal required for plasma membrane targeting. Substitution of the lysine at position 268 with alanine could rescue the Δ271-323-associated retention in the cytosol, suggesting that the C-terminal sequence of the mutant served as a signal similar to a di-lysine motif.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Chau
- Department of Pharmacology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Fujii
- Department of Pharmacology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yingqi Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Arno Vandebroek
- Department of Pharmacology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wakami Goda
- Department of Pharmacology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masato Yasui
- Department of Pharmacology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Center for Water Biology & Medicine, Keio University Global Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Abe
- Department of Pharmacology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Center for Water Biology & Medicine, Keio University Global Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
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28
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CREB Coactivator CRTC2 Plays a Crucial Role in Endothelial Function. J Neurosci 2020; 40:9533-9546. [PMID: 33127851 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0407-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The cAMP pathway is known to stabilize endothelial barrier function and maintain vascular physiology. The family of cAMP-response element binding (CREB)-regulated transcription coactivators (CRTC)1-3 activate transcription by targeting the basic leucine zipper domain of CREB. CRTC2 is a master regulator of glucose metabolism in liver and adipose tissue. However, the role of CRTC2 in endothelium remains unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of CRTC2 on endothelial function. We focused the effect of CRTC2 in endothelial cells and its relationship with p190RhoGAP-A. We examined the effect of CRTC2 on endothelial function using a mouse aorta ring assay ex vivo and with photothrombotic stroke in endothelial cell-specific CRTC2-knock-out male mice in vivo CRTC2 was highly expressed in endothelial cells and related to angiogenesis. Among CRTC1-3, only CRTC2 was activated under ischemic conditions at endothelial cells, and CRTC2 maintained endothelial barrier function through p190RhoGAP-A expression. Ser171 was a pivotal regulatory site for CRTC2 intracellular localization, and Ser307 functioned as a crucial phosphorylation site. Endothelial cell-specific CRTC2-knock-out mice showed reduced angiogenesis ex vivo, exacerbated stroke via endothelial dysfunction, and impaired neurologic recovery via reduced vascular beds in vivo These findings suggest that CRTC2 plays a crucial protective role in vascular integrity of the endothelium via p190RhoGAP-A under ischemic conditions.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Previously, the role of CRTC2 in endothelial cells was unknown. In this study, we firstly clarified that CRTC2 was expressed in endothelial cells and among CRTC1-3, only CRTC2 was related to endothelial function. Most importantly, only CRTC2 was activated under ischemic conditions at endothelial cells and maintained endothelial barrier function through p190RhoGAP-A expression. Ser307 in CRTC2 functioned as a crucial phosphorylation site. Endothelial cell-specific CRTC2-knock-out mice showed reduced angiogenesis ex vivo, exacerbated stroke via endothelial dysfunction, and impaired neurologic recovery via reduced vascular beds in vivo These results suggested that CRTC2 maybe a potential therapeutic target for reducing blood-brain barrier (BBB) damage and improving recovery.
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29
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Rasmussen R, O'Donnell J, Ding F, Nedergaard M. Interstitial ions: A key regulator of state-dependent neural activity? Prog Neurobiol 2020; 193:101802. [PMID: 32413398 PMCID: PMC7331944 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2020.101802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Throughout the nervous system, ion gradients drive fundamental processes. Yet, the roles of interstitial ions in brain functioning is largely forgotten. Emerging literature is now revitalizing this area of neuroscience by showing that interstitial cations (K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+) are not static quantities but change dynamically across states such as sleep and locomotion. In turn, these state-dependent changes are capable of sculpting neuronal activity; for example, changing the local interstitial ion composition in the cortex is sufficient for modulating the prevalence of slow-frequency neuronal oscillations, or potentiating the gain of visually evoked responses. Disturbances in interstitial ionic homeostasis may also play a central role in the pathogenesis of central nervous system diseases. For example, impairments in K+ buffering occur in a number of neurodegenerative diseases, and abnormalities in neuronal activity in disease models disappear when interstitial K+ is normalized. Here we provide an overview of the roles of interstitial ions in physiology and pathology. We propose the brain uses interstitial ion signaling as a global mechanism to coordinate its complex activity patterns, and ion homeostasis failure contributes to central nervous system diseases affecting cognitive functions and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rune Rasmussen
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - John O'Donnell
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, United States
| | - Fengfei Ding
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, United States
| | - Maiken Nedergaard
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark; Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, United States.
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30
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Effects of β-Adrenergic Blockade on Metabolic and Inflammatory Responses in a Rat Model of Ischemic Stroke. Cells 2020; 9:cells9061373. [PMID: 32492962 PMCID: PMC7349353 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke provokes an inflammatory response concurrent with both sympathetic nervous system activation and hyperglycemia. Currently, their crosstalk and consequences in stroke outcomes are of clinical attraction. We have provided experimental evidence showing the suppressive effects of the nonselective β-adrenoreceptor antagonist propranolol on hyperglycemia, inflammation, and brain injury in a rat model experiencing cerebral ischemia. Pretreatment with propranolol protected against postischemic brain infarction, edema, and apoptosis. The neuroprotection caused by propranolol was accompanied by a reduction in fasting glucose, fasting insulin, glucose tolerance impairment, plasma C-reactive protein, plasma free fatty acids, plasma corticosterone, brain oxidative stress, and brain inflammation. Pretreatment with insulin alleviated-while glucose augmented-postischemic brain injury and inflammation. Additionally, the impairment of insulin signaling in the gastrocnemius muscles was noted in rats with cerebral ischemia, with propranolol improving the impairment by reducing oxidative stress and tumor necrosis factor-α signaling. The anti-inflammatory effects of propranolol were further demonstrated in isoproterenol-stimulated BV2 and RAW264.7 cells through its ability to decrease cytokine production. Despite their potential benefits, stroke-associated hyperglycemia and inflammation are commonly linked with harmful consequences. Our findings provide new insight into the anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and hypoglycemic mechanisms of propranolol in combating neurodegenerative diseases, such as stroke.
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Qin W, Alifu N, Lam JWY, Cui Y, Su H, Liang G, Qian J, Tang BZ. Facile Synthesis of Efficient Luminogens with AIE Features for Three-Photon Fluorescence Imaging of the Brain through the Intact Skull. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2000364. [PMID: 32350951 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202000364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Visualization of the brain in its native environment is important for understanding common brain diseases. Herein, bright luminogens with remarkable aggregation-induced emission (AIE) characteristics and high quantum yields of up to 42.6% in the solid state are synthesized through facile reaction routes. The synthesized molecule, namely BTF, shows ultrabright far-red/near-infrared emission and can be fabricated into AIE dots by a simple nanoprecipitation procedure. Due to their high brightness, large Stokes shift, good biocompatibility, satisfactory photostability, and large three-photon absorption cross section, the AIE dots can be utilized as efficient fluorescent nanoprobes for in vivo brain vascular imaging through the intact skull by a three-photon fluorescence microscopy imaging technique. This is the first example of using AIE dots for the visualization of the cerebral stroke process through the intact skull of a mouse with high penetration depth and good image contrast. Such good results are anticipated to open up a new venue in the development of efficient emitters with strong nonlinear optical effects for noninvasive bioimaging of living brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Qin
- PCFM and GDHPPC Labs, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Nuernisha Alifu
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentations, Center for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, JORCEP (Sino-Swedish Joint Research Center of photonics), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- College of Medical Engineering and Technology, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - Jacky W Y Lam
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Centre for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Yuhan Cui
- PCFM and GDHPPC Labs, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Huifang Su
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450052, China
| | - Guodong Liang
- PCFM and GDHPPC Labs, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Jun Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentations, Center for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, JORCEP (Sino-Swedish Joint Research Center of photonics), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Centre for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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Johnsen M, Kubacki T, Yeroslaviz A, Späth MR, Mörsdorf J, Göbel H, Bohl K, Ignarski M, Meharg C, Habermann B, Altmüller J, Beyer A, Benzing T, Schermer B, Burst V, Müller RU. The Integrated RNA Landscape of Renal Preconditioning against Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. J Am Soc Nephrol 2020; 31:716-730. [PMID: 32111728 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2019050534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although AKI lacks effective therapeutic approaches, preventive strategies using preconditioning protocols, including caloric restriction and hypoxic preconditioning, have been shown to prevent injury in animal models. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms that underlie the enhanced resistance to AKI conferred by such approaches is needed to facilitate clinical use. We hypothesized that these preconditioning strategies use similar pathways to augment cellular stress resistance. METHODS To identify genes and pathways shared by caloric restriction and hypoxic preconditioning, we used RNA-sequencing transcriptome profiling to compare the transcriptional response with both modes of preconditioning in mice before and after renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. RESULTS The gene expression signatures induced by both preconditioning strategies involve distinct common genes and pathways that overlap significantly with the transcriptional changes observed after ischemia-reperfusion injury. These changes primarily affect oxidation-reduction processes and have a major effect on mitochondrial processes. We found that 16 of the genes differentially regulated by both modes of preconditioning were strongly correlated with clinical outcome; most of these genes had not previously been directly linked to AKI. CONCLUSIONS This comparative analysis of the gene expression signatures in preconditioning strategies shows overlapping patterns in caloric restriction and hypoxic preconditioning, pointing toward common molecular mechanisms. Our analysis identified a limited set of target genes not previously known to be associated with AKI; further study of their potential to provide the basis for novel preventive strategies is warranted. To allow for optimal interactive usability of the data by the kidney research community, we provide an online interface for user-defined interrogation of the gene expression datasets (http://shiny.cecad.uni-koeln.de:3838/IRaP/).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Johnsen
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Torsten Kubacki
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Martin Richard Späth
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jannis Mörsdorf
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Heike Göbel
- Institute for Pathology, Diagnostic and Experimental Nephropathology Unit
| | - Katrin Bohl
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases
| | - Michael Ignarski
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases
| | - Caroline Meharg
- Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom; and
| | - Bianca Habermann
- Development Biology Institute of Marseille, Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, Marseille, France
| | | | - Andreas Beyer
- Institute for Pathology, Diagnostic and Experimental Nephropathology Unit.,Systems Biology of Ageing Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Benzing
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Institute for Pathology, Diagnostic and Experimental Nephropathology Unit.,Systems Biology of Ageing Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Bernhard Schermer
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Institute for Pathology, Diagnostic and Experimental Nephropathology Unit.,Systems Biology of Ageing Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Volker Burst
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany;
| | - Roman-Ulrich Müller
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany; .,Institute for Pathology, Diagnostic and Experimental Nephropathology Unit.,Systems Biology of Ageing Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Longitudinal Molecular Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Endothelial Activation after Severe Traumatic Brain Injury. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8081134. [PMID: 31366109 PMCID: PMC6722937 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8081134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of death and disability. Despite progress in neurosurgery and critical care, patients still lack a form of neuroprotective treatment that can counteract or attenuate injury progression. Inflammation after TBI is a key modulator of injury progression and neurodegeneration, but its spatiotemporal dissemination is only partially known. In vivo approaches to study post-traumatic inflammation longitudinally are pivotal for monitoring injury progression/recovery and the effectiveness of therapeutic approaches. Here, we provide a minimally invasive, highly sensitive in vivo molecular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characterization of endothelial activation associated to neuroinflammatory response after severe TBI in mice, using microparticles of iron oxide targeting P-selectin (MPIOs-α-P-selectin). Strong endothelial activation was detected from 24 h in perilesional regions, including the cortex and hippocampus, and peaked in intensity and diffusion at two days, then partially decreased but persisted up to seven days and was back to baseline 15 days after injury. There was a close correspondence between MPIOs-α-P-selectin signal voids and the P-selectin stained area, confirming maximal endothelial activation at two days. Molecular MRI markers of inflammation may thus represent a useful tool to evaluate in vivo endothelial activation in TBI and monitoring the responses to therapeutic agents targeting vascular activation and permeability.
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