1
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Kistanov AA. Atomic insights into the interaction of N 2, CO 2, NH 3, NO, and NO 2 gas molecules with Zn 2(V, Nb, Ta)N 3 ternary nitride monolayers. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:13719-13730. [PMID: 38669029 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp01225a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
The search for promising carrier blocking layer materials with high stability, including resistance to surface inhibition by environmental molecules that cause a drop in carrier mobility, is critical for the production of tandem solar cells. Based on density functional theory calculations, the reaction of atmospheric gases, including N2, CO2, NH3, NO, and NO2, with three promising Zn2(V, Nb, Ta)N3 monolayers is discovered. The results suggest the chemical adsorption of NH3 and physical adsorption of NO and NO2. In addition, the Zn2(V, Nb, Ta)N3 monolayers are characterized by a weak bonding with N2 and CO2. Charge redistribution is found at the interface between the monolayers and NH3, NO and NO2 molecules, leading to the formation of a local surface dipole that affects the functionality of the Zn2(V, Nb, Ta)N3 monolayers. The Zn2VN3 monolayer is less reactive with atmospheric gases and thus is the most promising for application in tandem solar cells. Notably, the revealed nontrivial behavior of the Zn2(V, Nb, Ta)N3 monolayers towards N-containing gases makes them promising for application in gas sensing. Specifically, the Zn2TaN3 monolayer is the most promising for application in molecular sensing due to its high reversibility and distinguished interaction with NH3, NO, and NO2 gases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey A Kistanov
- The Laboratory of Metals and Alloys Under Extreme Impacts, Ufa University of Science and Technology, Ufa 450076, Russia.
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2
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Shang K, Feng J, Zhang B, Liu J, Ming X, Kuang X. Tolerance Factor and Phase Stability of the KCoO 2-Type AMN 2 Nitrides. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:4168-4175. [PMID: 38373068 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c04067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
In order to help understand the structural stability of KCoO2-type ternary nitrides AMN2, referring to perovskite structure, a tolerance factor t is proposed to describe the size effect on the phase/symmetry options of the experimentally accessible AMN2 nitrides. This leads to a range of t values above 0.946 for structurally stable KCoO2-type AMN2 nitrides with t values around 0.970 for the orthorhombic and tetragonal phase boundary. In contrast, most of AMN2 nitrides exhibit α-NaFeO2-type structure with t ∼ 0.898-0.946 and cations ordered or disordered rocksalt structure while t below 0.898. Employing the proposed criterion, the structure formation for other ternary AMN2 compositions with lanthanum and alkaline earth cations for the A sites were predicted, which was testified through the synthesis attempts and complemented by formation energy evaluations. The efforts to synthesize the ternary Lanthanide and alkaline earth-based AMN2 nitrides were unsuccessful, which could associate the structural instability with the large formation energies of lanthanide nitrides LaMN2 and the greater tolerance factor of 1.048 for BaTiN2. The experimentally already synthesized AMN2 nitrides could be categorized into three types with different tolerance factors, and scarce AMN2 nitrides with lower formation energies would be accessible using different synthetic routes beyond the traditional solid-state synthesis method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kejing Shang
- MOE Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Optical and Electronic Materials and Devices, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
| | - Jie Feng
- MOE Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Optical and Electronic Materials and Devices, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
| | - Bowen Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Optical and Electronic Materials and Devices, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
| | - Junwei Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Optical and Electronic Materials and Devices, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
| | - Xing Ming
- College of Physics and Electronic Information Engineering, Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Structural Physics and Application, Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojun Kuang
- MOE Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Optical and Electronic Materials and Devices, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541006, P. R. China
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3
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Rom CL, Novick A, McDermott MJ, Yakovenko AA, Gallawa JR, Tran GT, Asebiah DC, Storck EN, McBride BC, Miller RC, Prieto AL, Persson KA, Toberer E, Stevanović V, Zakutayev A, Neilson JR. Mechanistically Guided Materials Chemistry: Synthesis of Ternary Nitrides, CaZrN 2 and CaHfN 2. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:4001-4012. [PMID: 38291812 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c12114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Recent computational studies have predicted many new ternary nitrides, revealing synthetic opportunities in this underexplored phase space. However, synthesizing new ternary nitrides is difficult, in part because intermediate and product phases often have high cohesive energies that inhibit diffusion. Here, we report the synthesis of two new phases, calcium zirconium nitride (CaZrN2) and calcium hafnium nitride (CaHfN2), by solid state metathesis reactions between Ca3N2 and MCl4 (M = Zr, Hf). Although the reaction nominally proceeds to the target phases in a 1:1 ratio of the precursors via Ca3N2 + MCl4 → CaMN2 + 2 CaCl2, reactions prepared this way result in Ca-poor materials (CaxM2-xN2, x < 1). A small excess of Ca3N2 (ca. 20 mol %) is needed to yield stoichiometric CaMN2, as confirmed by high-resolution synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction. In situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction studies reveal that nominally stoichiometric reactions produce Zr3+ intermediates early in the reaction pathway, and the excess Ca3N2 is needed to reoxidize Zr3+ intermediates back to the Zr4+ oxidation state of CaZrN2. Analysis of computationally derived chemical potential diagrams rationalizes this synthetic approach and its contrast from the synthesis of MgZrN2. These findings additionally highlight the utility of in situ diffraction studies and computational thermochemistry to provide mechanistic guidance for synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher L Rom
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
- Materials Science Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Andrew Novick
- Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Matthew J McDermott
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Andrey A Yakovenko
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Jessica R Gallawa
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
| | - Gia Thinh Tran
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
| | - Dominic C Asebiah
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
| | - Emily N Storck
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
| | - Brennan C McBride
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
| | - Rebecca C Miller
- Analytical Resources Core, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
| | - Amy L Prieto
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
| | - Kristin A Persson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Eric Toberer
- Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Vladan Stevanović
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Andriy Zakutayev
- Materials Science Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - James R Neilson
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
- School of Advanced Materials Discovery, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
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4
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Yuan Y, Kloß SD, Attfield JP. Defect rocksalt structures in the La-Na-N system. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2023; 381:20220329. [PMID: 37634529 PMCID: PMC10460642 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2022.0329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Sodium azide (NaN3) is a versatile nitrogen source that can be used for the synthesis of new nitrides under high-pressure and temperature conditions. Reactions between lanthanum nitride (LaN) and sodium azide (NaN3) at 800°C under 8 GPa pressure have led to the discovery of two defect rocksalt phases which are the first reported ternaries in the La-Na-N system. Preliminary structure assignments have been made based on fits to powder X-ray diffraction profiles. One phase is La1-xNa3xN with vacancies at octahedral La sites and interstitial tetrahedral Na cations. This phase has a tetragonally distorted rocksalt structure (space group I4[Formula: see text]mmm, a = 3.8704(2) and c = 5.2098(3) Å for nominal x = 0.10) and the distortion decreases with increasing Na content (space group I4[Formula: see text]mmm, a = 3.8060(2) Å, c = 5.2470(3) Å for nominal x = 0.14), further giving a cubic phase (a = 5.3055(2) Å) for nominal x = 0.25. This coexists with another cubic [Formula: see text] phase (a = 5.1561 (5) Å), tentatively identified as rocksalt 'NaN1/3' stabilized by a small amount of La; NaLayN(1+3y)/3 with y ≈ 1%. These initial investigations reveal that the high-pressure La-Na-N phase diagram may be rich in defect rocksalt-type materials although further work using neutron diffraction will be needed to confirm the structures. This article is part of the theme issue 'Exploring the length scales, timescales and chemistry of challenging materials (Part 1)'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Yuan
- Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions and School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Peter Guthrie Tait Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, UK
| | - Simon D. Kloß
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstraße 5-13, Munich 81377, Germany
| | - J. Paul Attfield
- Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions and School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Peter Guthrie Tait Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, UK
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5
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Rudra S, Rao D, Poncé S, Saha B. Reversal of Band-Ordering Leads to High Hole Mobility in Strained p-type Scandium Nitride. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:8211-8217. [PMID: 37643148 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Low hole mobility of nitride semiconductors is a significant impediment to realizing their high-efficiency device applications. Scandium nitride (ScN), an emerging rocksalt indirect band gap semiconductor, suffers from low hole mobility. Utilizing the ab initio Boltzmann transport formalism including spin-orbit coupling, here we show the dominating role of ionized impurity scattering in reducing the hole mobility in ScN thin films. We suggest a route to increase the hole mobility by reversing band ordering through strain engineering. Our calculation shows that the biaxial tensile strain in ScN lifts the split-off hole band above the heavy hole and light hole bands, leading to a lower hole-effective mass and increasing mobility. Along with the impurity scattering, the Fröhlich interaction also plays a vital role in the carrier scattering mechanism due to the polar nature of ScN. Increased hole mobility in ScN will lead to higher efficiencies in thermoelectric, plasmonics, and neuromorphic computing devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Rudra
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore 560064, India
- International Centre for Materials Science, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Dheemahi Rao
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore 560064, India
- International Centre for Materials Science, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Samuel Poncé
- European Theoretical Spectroscopy Facility, Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, Chemin des Étoiles 8, B-1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Bivas Saha
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore 560064, India
- International Centre for Materials Science, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore 560064, India
- School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore 560064, India
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6
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Zhou X, Xu W, Gui Z, Gu C, Chen J, Xie J, Yao X, Dai J, Zhu J, Wu L, Guo EJ, Yu X, Fang L, Zhao Y, Huang L, Wang S. Polar Nitride Perovskite LaWN 3-δ with Orthorhombic Structure. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023:e2205479. [PMID: 37129311 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202205479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Nitride perovskite LaWN3 has been predicted to be a promising ferroelectric material with unique properties for diverse applications. However, due to the challenging sample preparation at ambient pressure, the crystal structure of this nitride remains unsolved, which results in many ambiguities in its properties. Here, the authors report a comprehensive study of LaWN3 based on high-quality samples synthesized by a high-pressure method, leading to a definitive resolution of its crystal structure involving nitrogen deficiency. Combined with theoretical calculations, these results show that LaWN3 adopts an orthorhombic Pna21 structure with a polar symmetry, possessing a unique atomic polarization along the c-axis. The associated atomic polar distortions in LaWN3 are driven by covalent hybridization of W: 5d and N: 2p orbitals, opening a direct bandgap that explains its semiconducting behaviors. The structural stability and electronic properties of this nitride are also revealed to be closely associated with its nitrogen deficiency. The success in unraveling the structural and electronic ambiguities of LaWN3 would provide important insights into the structures and properties of the family of nitride perovskites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Zhou
- Department of Physics & Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science & Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Wenwen Xu
- Department of Physics & Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science & Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Zhigang Gui
- Department of Physics & Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science & Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Chao Gu
- Department of Physics & Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science & Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Physics & Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science & Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Jianyu Xie
- Department of Physics & Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science & Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Xiaodong Yao
- Department of Physics & Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science & Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Junfeng Dai
- Department of Physics & Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science & Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Jinlong Zhu
- Department of Physics & Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science & Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Liusuo Wu
- Department of Physics & Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science & Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
- Quantum Science Center of Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Greater Bay Area, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Er-Jia Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xiaohui Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Leiming Fang
- Key Laboratory for Neutron Physics, Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, 621999, China
| | - Yusheng Zhao
- Department of Physics & Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science & Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Li Huang
- Department of Physics & Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science & Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
- Quantum Science Center of Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Greater Bay Area, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Shanmin Wang
- Department of Physics & Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science & Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
- Quantum Science Center of Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Greater Bay Area, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
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7
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Li P, Xu Y, Liang C, Zeng XC. MgXN 2 (X = Hf/Zr) Monolayers: Auxetic Semiconductor with Highly Anisotropic Optical/Mechanical Properties and Carrier Mobility. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:10534-10542. [PMID: 36342381 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) semiconducting materials with distinct anisotropic physical properties have attracted intense interests. Herein, we show theoretical predictions that MgXN2 (X = Hf/Zr) monolayers are auxetic semiconductors with highly anisotropic electronic, optical, and mechanical properties. The density functional theory calculations coupled with a PSO algorithm (global-minimum search) suggest that both MgHfN2 (MgZrN2) monolayers exhibit orthorhombic symmetry (Pmma) and are direct-gap (indirect-gap) semiconductors with a bandgap of 2.43 eV (2.13 eV). Specifically, the MgHfN2 monolayer exhibits highly anisotropic hole mobility as well as very high electron mobility (∼104 cm2 V-1 s-1). G0W0+BSE calculations indicate that both monolayers bear notable optical anisotropy and relatively large exitonic binding energy (∼0.6 eV). In addition, both monolayers acquire remarkable mechanical anisotropy with a negative in-plane Poisson's ratio (∼-0.2) and high Young's modulus (∼260 N/m). The combination of highly anisotropic electronic, optical, and mechanical properties endows MgXN2 monolayers as potentially useful parts in multifunctional nanoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Li
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics and Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Yuehua Xu
- School of Microelectronics and Control Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, China
| | - Changhao Liang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics and Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Xiao Cheng Zeng
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong
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8
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Sherbondy R, Smaha RW, Bartel CJ, Holtz ME, Talley KR, Levy-Wendt B, Perkins CL, Eley S, Zakutayev A, Brennecka GL. High-Throughput Selection and Experimental Realization of Two New Ce-Based Nitride Perovskites: CeMoN 3 and CeWN 3. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2022; 34:6883-6893. [PMID: 35965892 PMCID: PMC9367680 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.2c01282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nitride perovskites have only been experimentally realized in very few cases despite the widespread existence and commercial importance of perovskite materials. From oxide perovskites used in ultrasonics to halide perovskites that have revolutionized the photovoltaics industry, the discovery of new perovskite materials has historically impacted a wide number of fields. Here, we add two new perovskites, CeWN3 and CeMoN3, to the list of experimentally realized perovskite nitrides using high-throughput computational screening and subsequent high-throughput thin film growth techniques. Candidate compositions are first down-selected using a tolerance factor and then thermochemical stability. A novel competing fluorite-family phase is identified for both material systems, which we hypothesize is a transient intermediate phase that crystallizes during the evolution from an amorphous material to a stable perovskite. Different processing routes to overcome the competing fluorite phase and obtain phase-pure nitride perovskites are demonstrated for the CeMoN3-x and CeWN3-x material systems, which provide a starting point for the development of future nitride perovskites. Additionally, we find that these new perovskite phases have interesting low-temperature magnetic behavior: CeMoN3-x orders antiferromagnetically below T N ≈ 8 K with indications of strong magnetic frustration, while CeWN3-x exhibits no long-range order down to T = 2 K but has strong antiferromagnetic correlations. This work demonstrates the importance and effectiveness of using high-throughput techniques, both computational and experimental: they are integral to optimize the process of realizing two entirely novel nitride perovskites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Sherbondy
- Materials
Science Center, National Renewable Energy
Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- Metallurgical
and Materials Engineering Department, Colorado
School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Rebecca W. Smaha
- Materials
Science Center, National Renewable Energy
Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Christopher J. Bartel
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Megan E. Holtz
- Metallurgical
and Materials Engineering Department, Colorado
School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Kevin R. Talley
- Materials
Science Center, National Renewable Energy
Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Ben Levy-Wendt
- SLAC
National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California 94305, United States
| | - Craig L. Perkins
- Materials
Science Center, National Renewable Energy
Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Serena Eley
- Department
of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Andriy Zakutayev
- Materials
Science Center, National Renewable Energy
Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Geoff L. Brennecka
- Metallurgical
and Materials Engineering Department, Colorado
School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
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9
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Greenaway AL, Ke S, Culman T, Talley KR, Mangum JS, Heinselman KN, Kingsbury RS, Smaha RW, Gish MK, Miller EM, Persson KA, Gregoire JM, Bauers SR, Neaton JB, Tamboli AC, Zakutayev A. Zinc Titanium Nitride Semiconductor toward Durable Photoelectrochemical Applications. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:13673-13687. [PMID: 35857885 PMCID: PMC9354241 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c04241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Photoelectrochemical fuel generation is a promising route
to sustainable
liquid fuels produced from water and captured carbon dioxide with
sunlight as the energy input. Development of these technologies requires
photoelectrode materials that are both photocatalytically active and
operationally stable in harsh oxidative and/or reductive electrochemical
environments. Such photocatalysts can be discovered based on co-design
principles, wherein design for stability is based on the propensity
for the photocatalyst to self-passivate under operating conditions
and design for photoactivity is based on the ability to integrate
the photocatalyst with established semiconductor substrates. Here,
we report on the synthesis and characterization of zinc titanium nitride
(ZnTiN2) that follows these design rules by having a wurtzite-derived
crystal structure and showing self-passivating surface oxides created
by electrochemical polarization. The sputtered ZnTiN2 thin
films have optical absorption onsets below 2 eV and n-type electrical
conduction of 3 S/cm. The band gap of this material is reduced from
the 3.36 eV theoretical value by cation-site disorder, and the impact
of cation antisites on the band structure of ZnTiN2 is
explored using density functional theory. Under electrochemical polarization,
the ZnTiN2 surfaces have TiO2- or ZnO-like character,
consistent with Materials Project Pourbaix calculations predicting
the formation of stable solid phases under near-neutral pH. These
results show that ZnTiN2 is a promising candidate for photoelectrochemical
liquid fuel generation and demonstrate a new materials design approach
to other photoelectrodes with self-passivating native operational
surface chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann L Greenaway
- Materials Chemical and Computational Science Directorate, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Sijia Ke
- Materials and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Theodore Culman
- Materials Chemical and Computational Science Directorate, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Kevin R Talley
- Materials Chemical and Computational Science Directorate, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - John S Mangum
- Materials Chemical and Computational Science Directorate, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Karen N Heinselman
- Materials Chemical and Computational Science Directorate, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Ryan S Kingsbury
- Energy Storage and Distributed Resources Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Rebecca W Smaha
- Materials Chemical and Computational Science Directorate, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Melissa K Gish
- Materials Chemical and Computational Science Directorate, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Elisa M Miller
- Materials Chemical and Computational Science Directorate, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Kristin A Persson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - John M Gregoire
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Sage R Bauers
- Materials Chemical and Computational Science Directorate, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Jeffrey B Neaton
- Materials and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Department of Physics, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Kavli Energy Nanosciences Institute at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Adele C Tamboli
- Materials Chemical and Computational Science Directorate, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States.,Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Andriy Zakutayev
- Materials Chemical and Computational Science Directorate, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
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10
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Todd PK, Fallon MJ, Neilson JR, Zakutayev A. Two-Step Solid-State Synthesis of Ternary Nitride Materials. ACS MATERIALS LETTERS 2021; 3:1677-1683. [PMID: 38532807 PMCID: PMC10961828 DOI: 10.1021/acsmaterialslett.1c00656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Ternary nitride materials hold promise for many optical, electronic, and refractory applications; yet, their preparation via solid-state synthesis remains challenging. Often, high pressures or reactive gases are used to manipulate the effective chemical potential of nitrogen, yet these strategies require specialized equipment. Here, we report on a simple two-step synthesis using ion-exchange reactions that yield rocksalt-derived MgZrN2 and Mg2NbN3, as well as layered MgMoN2. All three compounds show almost temperature-independent and weak paramagnetic responses to an applied magnetic field at cryogenic temperatures, indicating phase-pure products. The key to synthesizing these ternary materials is an initial low-temperature step (300-450 °C) to promote Mg-M-N nucleation. The intermediates then are annealed (800-900 °C) to grow crystalline domains of the ternary product. Calorimetry experiments reveal that initial reaction temperatures are determined by phase transitions of reaction precursors, whereas heating directly to high temperatures results in decomposition. These two-step reactions provide a rational guide to material discovery of other bulk ternary nitrides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul K. Todd
- Material
Science Center, National Renewable Energy
Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - M. Jewels Fallon
- Department
of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
| | - James R. Neilson
- Department
of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
| | - Andriy Zakutayev
- Material
Science Center, National Renewable Energy
Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
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11
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Noguchi S, Odahara J, Sakai H, Rosero-Navarro NC, Miura A, Tadanaga K. Combustion Reactions between Transition-Metal Chlorides and Sodium Amide and Their Ignition Temperature. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:12753-12758. [PMID: 34428370 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c00557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Combustion reactions between metal chlorides and sodium amide proceed in a short time; however, these reactions must be carried out with appropriate safety measures. Investigating their ignition temperatures would facilitate safe handling and give kinetic insights about the reaction between powders. Here, we investigated the products of the reactions between metal chlorides and sodium amide and measured their ignition temperatures. The products were mainly composed of nitrides, metals, and sodium chloride. The reactions of 4d and 5d metal chlorides initiated the reaction below room temperature, while 3d metal chlorides, except copper chloride, initiated the reaction upon heating. We found the correlation between the ignition temperatures and the reaction energies of the combustion reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Noguchi
- Graduate School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita-13, Nishi-8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
| | - Jin Odahara
- Graduate School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita-13, Nishi-8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
| | - Hayato Sakai
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita-13, Nishi-8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
| | | | - Akira Miura
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita-13, Nishi-8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
| | - Kiyoharu Tadanaga
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita-13, Nishi-8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
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12
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Zakutayev A. Synthesis of Zn 2NbN 3ternary nitride semiconductor with wurtzite-derived crystal structure. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 33:354003. [PMID: 33887709 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/abfab3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Binary III-N nitride semiconductors with wurtzite crystal structure such as GaN and AlN have been long used in many practical applications ranging from optoelectronics to telecommunication. The structurally related ZnGeN2or ZnSnN2derived from the parent binary compounds by cation mutation (elemental substitution) have recently attracted attention, but such ternary nitride materials are mostly limited to II-IV-N2compositions. This paper demonstrates synthesis and characterization of zinc niobium nitride (Zn2NbN3)-a previously unreported II2-V-N3ternary nitride semiconductor. The Zn2NbN3thin films are synthesized using a one-step adsorption-controlled growth that locks in the targeted stoichiometry, and a two-step deposition/annealing method that suppresses the loss of Zn and N. Measurements indicate that this sputtered Zn2NbN3crystalizes in cation-disordered wurtzite-derived structure, in contrast to chemically related rocksalt-derived Mg2NbN3compound, also synthesized here for comparison using the two-step method. The estimated wurtzite lattice parameter ratio of Zn2NbN3is 1.55, and the optical absorption onset is at 2.1 eV. Both of these values are lower compared to published Zn2NbN3computational values ofc/a= 1.62 andEg= 3.5-3.6 eV. Additional theoretical calculations indicate that this difference is due to cation disorder in experimental samples, suggesting a way to tune the structural parameters and the resulting properties of heterovalent ternary nitride materials. Overall, this work expands the wurtzite family of nitride semiconductors to include Zn2NbN3, and suggests that related II2-V-N3and other ternary nitrides should be possible to synthesize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andriy Zakutayev
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden CO 80401 United States of America
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13
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Sharan A, Lany S. Computational discovery of stable and metastable ternary oxynitrides. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:234706. [PMID: 34241270 DOI: 10.1063/5.0050356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Materials design from first principles enables exploration of uncharted chemical spaces. Extensive computational searches have been performed for mixed-cation ternary compounds, but mixed-anion systems are gaining increased interest as well. Central to computational discovery is the crystal structure prediction, where the trade-off between reliance on prototype structures and size limitations of unconstrained sampling has to be navigated. We approach this challenge by letting two complementary structure sampling approaches compete. We use the kinetically limited minimization approach for high-throughput unconstrained crystal structure prediction in smaller cells up to 21 atoms. On the other hand, ternary-and, more generally, multinary-systems often assume structures formed by atomic ordering on a lattice derived from a binary parent structure. Thus, we additionally sample atomic configurations on prototype lattices with cells up to 56 atoms. Using this approach, we searched 65 different charge-balanced oxide-nitride stoichiometries, including six known systems as the control sample. The convex hull analysis is performed both for the thermodynamic limit and for the case of synthesis with activated nitrogen sources. We identified 34 phases that are either on the convex hull or within a viable energy window for potentially metastable phases. We further performed structure sampling for "missing" binary nitrides whose energies are needed for the convex hull analysis. Among these, we discovered metastable Ce3N4 as a nitride analog of the tetravalent cerium oxide, which becomes stable under slightly activated nitrogen condition ΔμN > +0.07 eV. Given the outsize role of CeO2 in research and application, Ce3N4 is a potentially important discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Sharan
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA
| | - Stephan Lany
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA
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14
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Jiang CM, Wagner LI, Horton MK, Eichhorn J, Rieth T, Kunzelmann VF, Kraut M, Li Y, Persson KA, Sharp ID. Metastable Ta 2N 3 with highly tunable electrical conductivity via oxygen incorporation. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2021; 8:1744-1755. [PMID: 34846504 PMCID: PMC8186396 DOI: 10.1039/d1mh00017a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The binary Ta-N chemical system includes several compounds with notable prospects in microelectronics, solar energy harvesting, and catalysis. Among these, metallic TaN and semiconducting Ta3N5 have garnered significant interest, in part due to their synthetic accessibility. However, tantalum sesquinitride (Ta2N3) possesses an intermediate composition and largely unknown physical properties owing to its metastable nature. Herein, Ta2N3 is directly deposited by reactive magnetron sputtering and its optoelectronic properties are characterized. Combining these results with density functional theory provides insights into the critical role of oxygen in both synthesis and electronic structure. While the inclusion of oxygen in the process gas is critical to Ta2N3 formation, the resulting oxygen incorporation in structural vacancies drastically modifies the free electron concentration in the as-grown material, thus leading to a semiconducting character with a 1.9 eV bandgap. Reducing the oxygen impurity concentration via post-synthetic ammonia annealing increases the conductivity by seven orders of magnitude and yields the metallic characteristics of a degenerate semiconductor, consistent with theoretical predictions. Thus, this inverse oxygen doping approach - by which the carrier concentration is reduced by the oxygen impurity - offers a unique opportunity to tailor the optoelectronic properties of Ta2N3 for applications ranging from photochemical energy conversion to advanced photonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Ming Jiang
- Walter Schottky Institute and Physics Department, Technische Universität München85748 GarchingGermany
| | - Laura I. Wagner
- Walter Schottky Institute and Physics Department, Technische Universität München85748 GarchingGermany
| | - Matthew K. Horton
- Energy Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA 94720USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyCA 94720USA
| | - Johanna Eichhorn
- Walter Schottky Institute and Physics Department, Technische Universität München85748 GarchingGermany
| | - Tim Rieth
- Walter Schottky Institute and Physics Department, Technische Universität München85748 GarchingGermany
| | - Viktoria F. Kunzelmann
- Walter Schottky Institute and Physics Department, Technische Universität München85748 GarchingGermany
| | - Max Kraut
- Walter Schottky Institute and Physics Department, Technische Universität München85748 GarchingGermany
| | - Yanbo Li
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 610054P. R. China
| | - Kristin A. Persson
- Energy Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA 94720USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyCA 94720USA
| | - Ian D. Sharp
- Walter Schottky Institute and Physics Department, Technische Universität München85748 GarchingGermany
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15
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Gagné OC. On the crystal chemistry of inorganic nitrides: crystal-chemical parameters, bonding behavior, and opportunities in the exploration of their compositional space. Chem Sci 2021; 12:4599-4622. [PMID: 34163725 PMCID: PMC8179496 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc06028c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The scarcity of nitrogen in Earth's crust, combined with challenging synthesis, have made inorganic nitrides a relatively unexplored class of compounds compared to their naturally abundant oxide counterparts. To facilitate exploration of their compositional space via a priori modeling, and to help a posteriori structure verification not limited to inferring the oxidation state of redox-active cations, we derive a suite of bond-valence parameters and Lewis acid strength values for 76 cations observed bonding to N3-, and further outline a baseline statistical knowledge of bond lengths for these compounds. Examination of structural and electronic effects responsible for the functional properties and anomalous bonding behavior of inorganic nitrides shows that many mechanisms of bond-length variation ubiquitous to oxide and oxysalt compounds (e.g., lone-pair stereoactivity, the Jahn-Teller and pseudo Jahn-Teller effects) are similarly pervasive in inorganic nitrides, and are occasionally observed to result in greater distortion magnitude than their oxide counterparts. We identify promising functional units for exploring uncharted chemical spaces of inorganic nitrides, e.g. multiple-bond metal centers with promise regarding the development of a post-Haber-Bosch process proceeding at milder reaction conditions, and promote an atomistic understanding of chemical bonding in nitrides relevant to such pursuits as the development of a model of ion substitution in solids, a problem of great relevance to semiconductor doping whose solution would fast-track the development of compound solar cells, battery materials, electronics, and more.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier C Gagné
- Earth and Planets Laboratory, Carnegie Institution for Science Washington D.C. 20015 USA
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16
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Kawamura F, Murata H, Imura M, Yamada N, Taniguchi T. Synthesis of CaSnN 2 via a High-Pressure Metathesis Reaction and the Properties of II-Sn-N 2 (II = Ca, Mg, Zn) Semiconductors. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:1773-1779. [PMID: 33480682 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c03242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A novel ternary nitride semiconductor, CaSnN2, with a layered rock-salt-type structure (R3̅m) was synthesized via a high-pressure metathesis reaction. The properties and structures of II-Sn-N2 (II = Ca, Mg, Zn) semiconductors were also systematically studied, and the differences among them were revealed by comparison. These semiconductor materials showed a rock-salt- or wurtzite-type structure depending on the combined effect of the synthetic conditions and the characteristics of the group II elements. Additionally, the rock-salt-type structures of CaSnN2 and MgSnN2 (i.e., the ambient-pressure phase) were different from those predicted using first-principles calculations. Further, on the basis of first-principles calculations and consideration of the pressure effect, the recovered CaSnN2 sample showed an R3̅m structure. CaSnN2 and MgSnN2 showed a band gap of 2.3-2.4 eV, which is suitable for overcoming the green-light-gap problem. These semiconductors also showed a strong cathode luminescence peak at room temperature, and generalized gradient approximation (GGA) calculations revealed that CaSnN2 has a direct band gap. These inexpensive and nontoxic semiconductors (II-Sn-N2 semiconductors (II = Ca, Mg, Zn)), with mid band gaps are required as pigments to replace cadmium-based materials. They can also be used in emitting devices and as photovoltaic absorbers, replacing InxGa1-xN semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumio Kawamura
- National Institute for Materials Science, High pressure group, Namiki 1-1, Tskuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Hidenobu Murata
- Department of Materials Science, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuencho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Masataka Imura
- National Institute for Materials Science, Next generation semiconductor group, Namiki 1-1, Tskuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Naoomi Yamada
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto, Kasugai, Aichi 487-8501, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- National Institute for Materials Science, International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, Namiki 1-1, Tskuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
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17
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Greenaway AL, Loutris AL, Heinselman KN, Melamed CL, Schnepf RR, Tellekamp MB, Woods-Robinson R, Sherbondy R, Bardgett D, Bauers S, Zakutayev A, Christensen ST, Lany S, Tamboli AC. Combinatorial Synthesis of Magnesium Tin Nitride Semiconductors. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:8421-8430. [PMID: 32279492 PMCID: PMC10905991 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c02092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Nitride materials feature strong chemical bonding character that leads to unique crystal structures, but many ternary nitride chemical spaces remain experimentally unexplored. The search for previously undiscovered ternary nitrides is also an opportunity to explore unique materials properties, such as transitions between cation-ordered and -disordered structures, as well as to identify candidate materials for optoelectronic applications. Here, we present a comprehensive experimental study of MgSnN2, an emerging II-IV-N2 compound, for the first time mapping phase composition and crystal structure, and examining its optoelectronic properties computationally and experimentally. We demonstrate combinatorial cosputtering of cation-disordered, wurtzite-type MgSnN2 across a range of cation compositions and temperatures, as well as the unexpected formation of a secondary, rocksalt-type phase of MgSnN2 at Mg-rich compositions and low temperatures. A computational structure search shows that the rocksalt-type phase is substantially metastable (>70 meV/atom) compared to the wurtzite-type ground state. Spectroscopic ellipsometry reveals optical absorption onsets around 2 eV, consistent with band gap tuning via cation disorder. Finally, we demonstrate epitaxial growth of a mixed wurtzite-rocksalt MgSnN2 on GaN, highlighting an opportunity for polymorphic control via epitaxy. Collectively, these findings lay the groundwork for further exploration of MgSnN2 as a model ternary nitride, with controlled polymorphism, and for device applications, enabled by control of optoelectronic properties via cation ordering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann L. Greenaway
- Materials
and Chemistry Science and Technology Directorate, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Amanda L. Loutris
- Materials
and Chemistry Science and Technology Directorate, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Karen N. Heinselman
- Materials
and Chemistry Science and Technology Directorate, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Celeste L. Melamed
- Materials
and Chemistry Science and Technology Directorate, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- Department
of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Rekha R. Schnepf
- Materials
and Chemistry Science and Technology Directorate, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- Department
of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - M. Brooks Tellekamp
- Materials
and Chemistry Science and Technology Directorate, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Rachel Woods-Robinson
- Materials
and Chemistry Science and Technology Directorate, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- Applied
Science and Technology Graduate Group, University
of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Energy
Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94702, United States
| | - Rachel Sherbondy
- Materials
and Chemistry Science and Technology Directorate, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- Department
of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Dylan Bardgett
- Materials
and Chemistry Science and Technology Directorate, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Sage Bauers
- Materials
and Chemistry Science and Technology Directorate, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Andriy Zakutayev
- Materials
and Chemistry Science and Technology Directorate, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Steven T. Christensen
- Materials
and Chemistry Science and Technology Directorate, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Stephan Lany
- Materials
and Chemistry Science and Technology Directorate, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Adele C. Tamboli
- Materials
and Chemistry Science and Technology Directorate, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- Department
of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
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18
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Gao Y, Nolan AM, Du P, Wu Y, Yang C, Chen Q, Mo Y, Bo SH. Classical and Emerging Characterization Techniques for Investigation of Ion Transport Mechanisms in Crystalline Fast Ionic Conductors. Chem Rev 2020; 120:5954-6008. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yirong Gao
- University of Michigan−Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai CN-200240, China
| | - Adelaide M. Nolan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Peng Du
- University of Michigan−Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai CN-200240, China
| | - Yifan Wu
- University of Michigan−Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai CN-200240, China
| | - Chao Yang
- University of Michigan−Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai CN-200240, China
| | - Qianli Chen
- University of Michigan−Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai CN-200240, China
| | - Yifei Mo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Maryland Energy Innovation Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Shou-Hang Bo
- University of Michigan−Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai CN-200240, China
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19
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Woods-Robinson R, Han Y, Zhang H, Ablekim T, Khan I, Persson KA, Zakutayev A. Wide Band Gap Chalcogenide Semiconductors. Chem Rev 2020; 120:4007-4055. [PMID: 32250103 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Wide band gap semiconductors are essential for today's electronic devices and energy applications because of their high optical transparency, controllable carrier concentration, and tunable electrical conductivity. The most intensively investigated wide band gap semiconductors are transparent conductive oxides (TCOs), such as tin-doped indium oxide (ITO) and amorphous In-Ga-Zn-O (IGZO), used in displays and solar cells, carbides (e.g., SiC) and nitrides (e.g., GaN) used in power electronics, and emerging halides (e.g., γ-CuI) and 2D electronic materials (e.g., graphene) used in various optoelectronic devices. Compared to these prominent materials families, chalcogen-based (Ch = S, Se, Te) wide band gap semiconductors are less heavily investigated but stand out because of their propensity for p-type doping, high mobilities, high valence band positions (i.e., low ionization potentials), and broad applications in electronic devices such as CdTe solar cells. This manuscript provides a review of wide band gap chalcogenide semiconductors. First, we outline general materials design parameters of high performing transparent semiconductors, as well as the theoretical and experimental underpinnings of the corresponding research methods. We proceed to summarize progress in wide band gap (EG > 2 eV) chalcogenide materials-namely, II-VI MCh binaries, CuMCh2 chalcopyrites, Cu3MCh4 sulvanites, mixed-anion layered CuMCh(O,F), and 2D materials-and discuss computational predictions of potential new candidates in this family, highlighting their optical and electrical properties. We finally review applications-for example, photovoltaic and photoelectrochemical solar cells, transistors, and light emitting diodes-that employ wide band gap chalcogenides as either an active or passive layer. By examining, categorizing, and discussing prospective directions in wide band gap chalcogenides, this Review aims to inspire continued research on this emerging class of transparent semiconductors and thereby enable future innovations for optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Woods-Robinson
- Materials Science Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory Golden, Colorado 80401, United States.,Applied Science and Technology Graduate Group, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Energy Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Yanbing Han
- Materials Science Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory Golden, Colorado 80401, United States.,School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Hanyu Zhang
- Materials Science Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Tursun Ablekim
- Materials Science Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Imran Khan
- Materials Science Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Kristin A Persson
- Energy Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Department of Applied Science and Technology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Andriy Zakutayev
- Materials Science Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
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20
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Kawamura F, Imura M, Murata H, Yamada N, Taniguchi T. Synthesis of a Novel Rocksalt‐Type Ternary Nitride Semiconductor MgSnN
2
Using the Metathesis Reaction under High Pressure. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201901059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fumio Kawamura
- High pressure group National Institute for Materials Science Namiki 1‐1, Tskuba 305‐0044 Ibaraki Japan
| | - Masataka Imura
- Widegap semiconductor group National Institute for Materials Science Namiki 1‐1, Tskuba 305‐0044 Ibaraki Japan
| | - Hidenobu Murata
- Department of Materials Science Osaka Prefecture University 1‐1 Gakuencho, Naka‐ku 599‐8531 Sakai Osaka Japan
| | - Naoomi Yamada
- Department of Applied Chemistry Chubu University 1200 Matsumoto 487‐8501 Kasugai Aichi Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- High pressure group National Institute for Materials Science Namiki 1‐1, Tskuba 305‐0044 Ibaraki Japan
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21
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Talley KR, Bauers SR, Melamed CL, Papac MC, Heinselman KN, Khan I, Roberts DM, Jacobson V, Mis A, Brennecka GL, Perkins JD, Zakutayev A. COMBIgor: Data-Analysis Package for Combinatorial Materials Science. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2019; 21:537-547. [PMID: 31121098 DOI: 10.1021/acscombsci.9b00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Combinatorial experiments involve synthesis of sample libraries with lateral composition gradients requiring spatially resolved characterization of structure and properties. Because of the maturation of combinatorial methods and their successful application in many fields, the modern combinatorial laboratory produces diverse and complex data sets requiring advanced analysis and visualization techniques. In order to utilize these large data sets to uncover new knowledge, the combinatorial scientist must engage in data science. For data science tasks, most laboratories adopt common-purpose data management and visualization software. However, processing and cross-correlating data from various measurement tools is no small task for such generic programs. Here we describe COMBIgor, a purpose-built open-source software package written in the commercial Igor Pro environment and designed to offer a systematic approach to loading, storing, processing, and visualizing combinatorial data. It includes (1) methods for loading and storing data sets from combinatorial libraries, (2) routines for streamlined data processing, and (3) data-analysis and -visualization features to construct figures. Most importantly, COMBIgor is designed to be easily customized by a laboratory, group, or individual in order to integrate additional instruments and data-processing algorithms. Utilizing the capabilities of COMBIgor can significantly reduce the burden of data management on the combinatorial scientist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin R. Talley
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, 1500 Illinois Street, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Sage R. Bauers
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Celeste L. Melamed
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, 1500 Illinois Street, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Meagan C. Papac
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, 1500 Illinois Street, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Karen N. Heinselman
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Imran Khan
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Dennice M. Roberts
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Valerie Jacobson
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, 1500 Illinois Street, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Allison Mis
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, 1500 Illinois Street, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Geoff L. Brennecka
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, 1500 Illinois Street, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - John D. Perkins
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Andriy Zakutayev
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
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