1
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Foster B, Knobloch E. Elastic fingering in a rotating Hele-Shaw cell. Phys Rev E 2023; 107:065104. [PMID: 37464645 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.107.065104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
We consider the steady-state fingering instability of an elastic membrane separating two fluids of different density under external pressure in a rotating Hele-Shaw cell. Both inextensible and highly extensible membranes are considered, and the role of membrane tension is detailed in each case. Both systems exhibit a centrifugally driven Rayleigh-Taylor-like instability when the density of the inner fluid exceeds that of the outer one, and this instability competes with the restoring forces arising from curvature and tension, thereby setting the finger scale. Numerical continuation is used to compute not only strongly nonlinear primary finger states up to the point of self-contact, but also secondary branches of mixed modes and circumferentially localized folds as a function of the rotation rate and the externally imposed pressure. Both reflection-symmetric and symmetry-broken chiral states are computed. The results are presented in the form of bifurcation diagrams. The ratio of system scale to the natural length scale is found to determine the ordering of the primary bifurcations from the unperturbed circle state as well as the solution profiles and onset of secondary bifurcations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Foster
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Edgar Knobloch
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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2
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MacNider B, Liang X, Hoang S, Ghanem MA, Cai S, Boechler N. Dynamic compression of soft layered materials yields tunable and spatiotemporally evolving surface patterns. Phys Rev E 2023; 107:035002. [PMID: 37072976 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.107.035002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
Soft layered systems buckling to form surface patterns has been widely studied under quasistatic loading. Here, we study the dynamic formation of wrinkles in a stiff-film-on-viscoelastic-substrate system as a function of impact velocity. We observe a spatiotemporally varying range of wavelengths, which display impactor velocity dependence and exceed the range exhibited under quasistatic loading. Simulations suggest the importance of both inertial and viscoelastic effects. Film damage is also examined, and we find that it can tailor dynamic buckling behavior. We expect our work to have applications to soft elastoelectronic and optic systems and open routes for nanofabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna MacNider
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Xudong Liang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Samantha Hoang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seattle University, 901 12th Ave, Seattle, Washington 98122, USA
| | - Maroun Abi Ghanem
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Shengqiang Cai
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Nicholas Boechler
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
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3
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Foster B, Verschueren N, Knobloch E, Gordillo L. Universal Wrinkling of Supported Elastic Rings. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:164301. [PMID: 36306759 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.164301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
An exactly solvable family of models describing the wrinkling of substrate-supported inextensible elastic rings under compression is identified. The resulting wrinkle profiles are shown to be related to the buckled states of an unsupported ring and are therefore universal. Closed analytical expressions for the resulting universal shapes are provided, including the one-to-one relations between the pressure and tension at which these emerge. The analytical predictions agree with numerical continuation results to within numerical accuracy, for a large range of parameter values, up to the point of self-contact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Foster
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Nicolás Verschueren
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QF, United Kingdom
| | - Edgar Knobloch
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Leonardo Gordillo
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencia, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Estación Central 9170124, Chile
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4
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Liu E, Zhang X, Ji H, Li Q, Li L, Wang J, Han X, Yu S, Xu F, Cao Y, Lu C. Polarization‐Dependent Ultrasensitive Dynamic Wrinkling on Floating Films Induced by Photo‐Orientation of Azopolymer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202203715. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202203715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Enping Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Xiaoliang Zhang
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics Fudan University Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| | - Haipeng Ji
- China Aerospace Science and Industry Corporation Sixth Academy No. 46 Institute Hohhot 010010 P. R. China
| | - Qifeng Li
- School of Precision Instruments and Optoelectronics Engineering Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Lele Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Juanjuan Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Tianjin Key Laboratory of Building Green Functional Materials Tianjin Chengjian University Tianjin 300384 P. R. China
| | - Xue Han
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Tianjin Key Laboratory of Building Green Functional Materials Tianjin Chengjian University Tianjin 300384 P. R. China
| | - Shixiong Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Fan Xu
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics Fudan University Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| | - Yanping Cao
- Department of Engineering Mechanics Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Conghua Lu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Tianjin Key Laboratory of Building Green Functional Materials Tianjin Chengjian University Tianjin 300384 P. R. China
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5
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Liu E, Zhang X, Ji H, Li Q, Li L, Wang J, Han X, Yu S, Xu F, Cao Y, Lu C. Polarization‐Dependent Ultrasensitive Dynamic Wrinkling on Floating Films Induced by Photo‐Orientation of Azopolymer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202203715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Enping Liu
- Tianjin University School of Materials Science and Engineering 300072 Tianjin CHINA
| | - Xiaoliang Zhang
- Fudan University Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics CHINA
| | - Haipeng Ji
- China Aerospace Science and Industry Corp Sixth Academy No. 46 Institute 010010 Hohhot CHINA
| | - Qifeng Li
- Tianjin University School of Precision Instruments and Optoelectronics Engineering 300072 Tianjin CHINA
| | - Lele Li
- Tianjin University School of Materials Science and Engineering CHINA
| | - Juanjuan Wang
- Tianjin Chengjian University School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Building Green Functional Materials 300384 Tianjin CHINA
| | - Xue Han
- Tianjin Chengjian University School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Building Green Functional Materials 300384 Tianjin CHINA
| | - Shixiong Yu
- Tianjin University School of Materials Science and Engineering 300072 Tianjin CHINA
| | - Fan Xu
- Fudan University Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics 200433 Shanghai CHINA
| | - Yanping Cao
- Tsinghua University Department of Engineering Mechanics 100084 Beijing CHINA
| | - Conghua Lu
- Tianjin University Nankai District, Weijin Road No.92 300384 Tianjin CHINA
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Liu A, Yao Y, Yao J, Liu T. Droplet Spreading Induced Wrinkling and Its Use for Measuring the Elastic Modulus of Polymeric Thin Films. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aishuang Liu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Soochow 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yanbo Yao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Soochow 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jingwen Yao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Soochow 215123, P. R. China
| | - Tao Liu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Soochow 215123, P. R. China
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7
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Missaoui A, Harth K, Trittel T, Klopp C, Stannarius R, Lacaze E. Shape instabilities of islands in smectic films under lateral compression. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:3193-3205. [PMID: 35383349 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00144f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Smectic liquid crystals are fluids, and in most rheological situations they behave as such. Nevertheless, when thin freely floating films of smectic A or smectic C materials are compressed quickly in-plane, they resist such stress by buckling similar to solid membranes under lateral stress. We report experimental observations of wrinkling and bulging of finite domains within the films, so-called islands, and give a qualitative explanation of different observed patterns. Depending on the external stress and their dimensions, the islands can expel a specifically shaped bulge in their center, form radial wrinkles or develop target-like wrinkle structures. When the external stress is relaxed, these patterns disappear reversibly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amine Missaoui
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut des Nanosciences de Paris (INSP), Paris, France.
- Institut für Physik, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität, Magdeburg, Germany.
- Department of Physics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Kirsten Harth
- Institut für Physik, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität, Magdeburg, Germany.
- Fachbereich Technik, Technische Hochschule Brandenburg, Brandenburg a. d. Havel, Germany
- MARS, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Torsten Trittel
- Institut für Physik, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität, Magdeburg, Germany.
- MARS, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Klopp
- Institut für Physik, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität, Magdeburg, Germany.
- MARS, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Stannarius
- Institut für Physik, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität, Magdeburg, Germany.
- MARS, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Emmanuelle Lacaze
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut des Nanosciences de Paris (INSP), Paris, France.
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Box F, Erlich A, Guan JH, Thorogood C. Gigantic floating leaves occupy a large surface area at an economical material cost. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabg3790. [PMID: 35138898 PMCID: PMC8827653 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abg3790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The giant Amazonian waterlily (genus Victoria) produces the largest floating leaves in the plant kingdom. The leaves' notable vasculature has inspired artists, engineers, and architects for centuries. Despite the aesthetic appeal and scale of this botanical enigma, little is known about the mechanics of these extraordinary leaves. For example, how do these leaves achieve gigantic proportions? We show that the geometric form of the leaf is structurally more efficient than those of other smaller species of waterlily. In particular, the spatially varying thickness and regular branching of the primary veins ensures the structural integrity necessary for extensive coverage of the water surface, enabling optimal light capture despite a relatively low leaf biomass. Leaf gigantism in waterlilies may have been driven by selection pressures favoring a large surface area at an economical material cost, for outcompeting other plants in fast-drying ephemeral pools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Finn Box
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
- Gulliver UMR CNRS 7083, ESPCI Paris and PSL University, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Alexander Erlich
- Institut de Recherche sur les Phénomènes Hors Equilibre (IRPHE), Aix-Marseille Université, 49 rue Frédéric Joliot-Curie, 13384 Marseille, France
- Institut de Biologie du Développement de Marseille (IBDM), Aix-Marseille Université, 163 av de Luminy, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Jian H. Guan
- Department of Mathematics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Chris Thorogood
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RB, UK
- University of Oxford Botanic Garden and Arboretum, Oxford OX1 4AZ, UK
- Corresponding author.
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9
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Oshri O. Asymptotic softness of a laterally confined sheet in a pressurized chamber. Phys Rev E 2021; 104:055005. [PMID: 34942726 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.104.055005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Elastohydrodynamic models, that describe the interaction between a thin sheet and a fluid medium, have been proven successful in explaining the complex behavior of biological systems and artificial materials. Motivated by these applications we study the quasistatic deformation of a thin sheet that is confined between the two sides of a closed chamber. The two parts of the chamber, above and below the sheet, are filled with an ideal gas. We show that the system is governed by two dimensionless parameters, Δ and η, that account respectively for the lateral compression of the sheet and the ratio between the amount of fluid filling each part of the chamber and the bending stiffness of the sheet. When η≪1 the bending energy of the sheet dominates the system, the pressure drop between the two sides of the chamber increases, and the sheet exhibits a symmetric configuration. When η≫1 the energy of the fluid dominates the system, the pressure drop vanishes, and the sheet exhibits an asymmetric configuration. The transition between these two limiting scenarios is governed by a third branch of solutions that is characterized by a rapid decrease of the pressure drop. Notably, across the transition the energetic gap between the symmetric and asymmetric states scales as δE∼Δ^{2}. Therefore, in the limit Δ≪1 small variations in the energy are accompanied by relatively large changes in the elastic shape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oz Oshri
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
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10
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11
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Xin M, Davidovitch B. Stretching Hookean ribbons part II: from buckling instability to far-from-threshold wrinkle pattern. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2021; 44:94. [PMID: 34241720 DOI: 10.1140/epje/s10189-021-00088-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We address the fully developed wrinkle pattern formed upon stretching a Hookean, rectangular-shaped sheet, when the longitudinal tensile load induces transverse compression that far exceeds the stability threshold of a purely planar deformation. At this "far-from-threshold" parameter regime, which has been the subject of the celebrated Cerda-Mahadevan model (Cerda and Mahadevan in Phys Rev Lett 90:074302, 2003), the wrinkle pattern expands throughout the length of the sheet and the characteristic wavelength of undulations is much smaller than its width. Employing Surface Evolver simulations over a range of sheet thicknesses and tensile loads, we elucidate the theoretical underpinnings of the far-from-threshold framework in this setup. We show that the evolution of wrinkles comes in tandem with collapse of transverse compressive stress, rather than vanishing transverse strain (which was hypothesized by Cerda and Mahadevan in Phys Rev Lett 90:074302, 2003), such that the stress field approaches asymptotically a compression-free limit, describable by tension field theory. We compute the compression-free stress field by simulating a Hookean sheet that has finite stretching modulus but no bending rigidity, and show that this singular limit encapsulates the geometrical nonlinearity underlying the amplitude-wavelength ratio of wrinkle patterns in physical, highly bendable sheets, even though the actual strains may be so small that the local mechanics is perfectly Hookean. Finally, we revisit the balance of bending and stretching energies that gives rise to a favorable wrinkle wavelength, and study the consequent dependence of the wavelength on the tensile load as well as the thickness and length of the sheet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Xin
- Physics Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Benny Davidovitch
- Physics Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
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12
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Diamant H. Parametric excitation of wrinkles in elastic sheets on elastic and viscoelastic substrates. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2021; 44:78. [PMID: 34128126 DOI: 10.1140/epje/s10189-021-00085-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Thin elastic sheets supported on compliant media form wrinkles under lateral compression. Since the lateral pressure is coupled to the sheet's deformation, varying it periodically in time creates a parametric excitation. We study the resulting parametric resonance of wrinkling modes in sheets supported on semi-infinite elastic or viscoelastic media, at pressures smaller than the critical pressure of static wrinkling. We find distinctive behaviors as a function of excitation amplitude and frequency, including (a) a different dependence of the dynamic wrinkle wavelength on sheet thickness compared to the static wavelength; and (b) a discontinuous decrease in the dominant wrinkle wavelength upon increasing excitation frequency at sufficiently large pressures. In the case of a viscoelastic substrate, resonant wrinkling requires crossing a threshold of excitation amplitude. The frequencies for observing these phenomena in relevant experimental systems are of the order of a kilohertz and above. We discuss experimental implications of the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haim Diamant
- School of Chemistry, Center for Physics and Chemistry of Living Systems, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel.
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Villermaux E, Keremidis K, Vandenberghe N, Qomi MJA, Ulm FJ. Mode Coarsening or Fracture: Energy Transfer Mechanisms in Dynamic Buckling of Rods. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:045501. [PMID: 33576650 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.045501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We present results of a hybrid experimental, theoretical, and simulation-based investigation of the postbuckling behavior of thin elastic rods axially impacted by a projectile. We find a new postbuckling mechanism: mode coarsening. Much akin to inverse energy cascade phenomena in other nonlinear dynamic systems, energy is transferred during mode coarsening from higher to lower wave numbers-unless the rod breaks, abruptly dissipating in the course of fracture the rod's strain energy. We derive a model that provides a predictive means to capture mode coarsening in the form of a nondissipative, purely geometric force relaxation mechanism, and validate the model by means of molecular dynamics (MD) based structural dynamics simulations for rods of wood and pasta considering different thermodynamic ensembles. The scalability of theory and simulation for engineering applications opens new venues toward safe design of engineering structures subject to impact-induced risks of buckling, ranging from skyscrapers, to aerospace structures, to the crashworthiness of vehicles, for example.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Villermaux
- MIT-CNRS Joint Lab "Multiscale Materials Science for Energy and the Environment," Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS Centrale Marseille, IRPHE, 13013 Marseille, France
- Institut Universitaire de France
| | - K Keremidis
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - N Vandenberghe
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS Centrale Marseille, IRPHE, 13013 Marseille, France
| | - M J Abdolhosseini Qomi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - F-J Ulm
- MIT-CNRS Joint Lab "Multiscale Materials Science for Energy and the Environment," Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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Park K, Otte A, Sharifi F, Garner J, Skidmore S, Park H, Jhon YK, Qin B, Wang Y. Formulation composition, manufacturing process, and characterization of poly(lactide-co-glycolide) microparticles. J Control Release 2021; 329:1150-1161. [PMID: 33148404 PMCID: PMC7904638 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Injectable long-acting formulations, specifically poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) based systems, have been used to deliver drugs systemically for up to 6 months. Despite the benefits of using this type of long-acting formulations, the development of clinical products and the generic versions of existing formulations has been slow. Only about two dozen formulations have been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration during the last 30 years. Furthermore, less than a dozen small molecules have been incorporated and approved for clinical use in PLGA-based formulations. The limited number of clinically used products is mainly due to the incomplete understanding of PLGA polymers and the various variables involved in the composition and manufacturing process. Numerous process parameters affect the formulation properties, and their intricate interactions have been difficult to decipher. Thus, it is necessary to identify all the factors affecting the final formulation properties and determine the main contributors to enable control of each factor independently. The composition of the formulation and the manufacturing processes determine the essential property of each formulation, i.e., in vivo drug release kinetics leading to their respective pharmacokinetic profiles. Since the pharmacokinetic profiles can be correlated with in vitro release kinetics, proper in vitro characterization is critical for both batch-to-batch quality control and scale-up production. In addition to in vitro release kinetics, other in vitro characterization is essential for ensuring that the desired formulation is produced, resulting in an expected pharmacokinetic profile. This article reviews the effects of a selected number of parameters in the formulation composition, manufacturing process, and characterization of microparticle systems. In particular, the emphasis is focused on the characterization of surface morphology of PLGA microparticles, as it is a manifestation of the formulation composition and the manufacturing process. Also, the implication of the surface morphology on the drug release kinetics is examined. The information described here can also be applied to in situ forming implants and solid implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinam Park
- Purdue University, Biomedical Engineering and Pharmaceutics, 206 S. Martin Jischke Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Akina, Inc., 3495 Kent Avenue, Suite A200, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA.
| | - Andrew Otte
- Purdue University, Biomedical Engineering and Pharmaceutics, 206 S. Martin Jischke Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Farrokh Sharifi
- Purdue University, Biomedical Engineering and Pharmaceutics, 206 S. Martin Jischke Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - John Garner
- Akina, Inc., 3495 Kent Avenue, Suite A200, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
| | - Sarah Skidmore
- Akina, Inc., 3495 Kent Avenue, Suite A200, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
| | - Haesun Park
- Akina, Inc., 3495 Kent Avenue, Suite A200, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
| | - Young Kuk Jhon
- Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Bin Qin
- Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of Generic Drugs, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Yan Wang
- Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of Generic Drugs, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
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