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Izquierdo-Tort S, Alatorre A, Arroyo-Gerala P, Shapiro-Garza E, Naime J, Dupras J. Exploring local perceptions and drivers of engagement in biodiversity monitoring among participants in payments for ecosystem services schemes in southeastern Mexico. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2024:e14282. [PMID: 38660922 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.14282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Payments for ecosystem services (PES) are widely applied incentive-based instruments with diverse objectives that increasingly include biodiversity conservation. Yet, there is a gap in understanding of how to best assess and monitor programs' biodiversity outcomes. We examined perceptions and drivers of engagement related to biodiversity monitoring through surveys among current PES participants in 7 communities in Mexico's Selva Lacandona. We conducted workshops among survey participants that included training and field deployment of tools used to monitor biodiversity and land cover, including visual transects, camera traps, acoustic recorders, and forest cover satellite images. We conducted pre- and postworkshop surveys in each community to evaluate changes in respondents' perceptions following exposure to biodiversity monitoring training and related field activities. We also reviewed existing research on participatory environmental management and monitoring approaches. One quarter of current PES participants in the study area participated in our surveys and workshops. The majority stated interest in engaging in diverse activities related to the procedural aspects of biodiversity monitoring (e.g., planning, field data collection, results dissemination) and acknowledged multiple benefits of introducing biodiversity monitoring into PES (e.g., knowledge and capacity building, improved natural resource management, and greater support for conservation). Household economic reliance on PES was positively associated with willingness to engage in monitoring. Technical expertise, time, and monetary constraints were deterrents. Respondents were most interested in monitoring mammals, birds, and plants and using visual transects, camera traps, and forest cover satellite images. Exposure to monitoring enhanced subsequent interest in monitoring by providing respondents with new insights from their communities related to deforestation and species' abundance and diversity. Respondents identified key strengths and weaknesses of applying different monitoring tools, which suggests that deploying multiple tools simultaneously can increase local engagement and produce complementary findings and data. Overall, our findings support the relevance and usefulness of incorporating participatory biodiversity monitoring into PES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Izquierdo-Tort
- Instituto de Investigaciones Económicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Andrea Alatorre
- Département Des Sciences Naturelles, Université du Québec en Outaouais, Ripon, Quebec, Canada
- Institute of Development Policy, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | | | | | - Julia Naime
- Center for International Forestry Research, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Jérôme Dupras
- Institut des Sciences de la Forêt tempérée, Université du Québec en Outaouais, Université du Québec en Outaouais, Ripon, Quebec, Canada
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2
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Wineland SM, Rezapour S, Neeson TM. Small tradeoffs between social equity and conservation outcomes in a freshwater payment for ecosystem services scheme. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2023; 33:e2829. [PMID: 36853595 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Conservation programs around the world aim to balance social equity, economic efficiency, and conservation outcomes. Tradeoffs among these three objectives necessarily exist but have been quantified in only a handful of systems. Here, we use a multi-objective mathematical optimization model in a large, water-limited river basin to quantify these tradeoffs in a freshwater payment for ecosystem services (PES) program aimed at establishing environmental flows (e-flows). Across a range of budgetary and future climate scenarios, we find that tradeoffs between social equity and conservation outcomes are small. We also show that payment schemes in which incentives are allocated to a single water use sector are much less cost-effective than schemes in which incentives are allocated among multiple sectors. Thus, allocating payments equally among agricultural, municipal, and industrial sectors can be both more equitable and more cost-effective. Overall, our results illustrate how some carefully designed conservation programs may be able to achieve a triple bottom line of social equity, economic efficiency, and conservation effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean M Wineland
- Department of Geography and Environmental Sustainability, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Shabnam Rezapour
- Enterprise and Logistics Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Thomas M Neeson
- Department of Geography and Environmental Sustainability, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA
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3
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Loos J, Benra F, Berbés-Blázquez M, Bremer LL, Chan KMA, Egoh B, Felipe-Lucia M, Geneletti D, Keeler B, Locatelli B, Loft L, Schröter B, Schröter M, Winkler KJ. An environmental justice perspective on ecosystem services. AMBIO 2023; 52:477-488. [PMID: 36520411 PMCID: PMC9849542 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-022-01812-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Mainstreaming of ecosystem service approaches has been proposed as one path toward sustainable development. Meanwhile, critics of ecosystem services question if the approach can account for the multiple values of ecosystems to diverse groups of people, or for aspects of inter- and intra-generational justice. In particular, an ecosystem service approach often overlooks power dimensions and capabilities that are core to environmental justice. This article addresses the need for greater guidance on incorporating justice into ecosystem services research and practice. We point to the importance of deep engagement with stakeholders and rights holders to disentangle contextual factors that moderate justice outcomes on ecosystem service attribution and appropriation in socio-political interventions. Such a holistic perspective enables the integration of values and knowledge plurality for enhancing justice in ecosystem services research. This broadened perspective paves a way for transformative ecosystem service assessments, management, and research, which can help inform and design governance structures that nourish human agency to sustainably identify, manage, and enjoy ecosystem services for human wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Loos
- Faculty of Sustainability, Institute of Ecology, Leuphana University, Universitätsallee 1, 21335 Lüneburg, Germany
- Faculty of Sustainability, Social-Ecological Systems Institute, Leuphana University, Universitätsallee 1, 21335 Lüneburg, Germany
| | - Felipe Benra
- Department of Ecosystem Services, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Straße 159, 07743 Jena, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstraße 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Marta Berbés-Blázquez
- School of Planning, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave., Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1 Canada
| | - Leah L. Bremer
- University of Hawai‘i Economic Research Organization, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, 2424 Maile Way, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA
- Water Resources Research Center, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA
| | - Kai M. A. Chan
- Institute for Resources, Environment and Sustainability, University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
| | - Benis Egoh
- Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, 3219 Croul Hall, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - Maria Felipe-Lucia
- Department of Ecosystem Services, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstraße 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Davide Geneletti
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Via Mesiano 77, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Bonnie Keeler
- Humphrey School of Public Affairs, Twin Cities, Institute On the Environment, University of Minnesota, 301 19th Ave S, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - Bruno Locatelli
- Forests and Societies, Cirad, University of Montpellier, TA C-105 / D, 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Lasse Loft
- Working Group Governance of Ecosystem Services, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, Eberswalder Str. 84, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Barbara Schröter
- Working Group Governance of Ecosystem Services, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, Eberswalder Str. 84, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany
- Centre for Sustainability Studies (LUCSUS), Lund University, Box 170, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Matthias Schröter
- Faculty of Sustainability, Social-Ecological Systems Institute, Leuphana University, Universitätsallee 1, 21335 Lüneburg, Germany
| | - Klara J. Winkler
- Department for Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Macdonald Campus, 21,111 Lakeshore Road, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X3V9 Canada
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4
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Mann C, Loft L, Hernández-Morcillo M, Primmer E, Bussola F, Falco E, Geneletti D, Dobrowolska E, Grossmann CM, Bottaro G, Schleyer C, Kluvankova T, Garcia G, Lovrić M, Torralba M, Plieninger T, Winkel G. Governance Innovations for forest ecosystem service provision - Insights from an EU-wide survey. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & POLICY 2022; 132:282-295. [PMID: 35663433 PMCID: PMC8996823 DOI: 10.1016/j.envsci.2022.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This paper analyses the occurrence of governance innovations for forest ecosystem service (FES) provision in the forestry sector in Europe and the factors that influence innovation development. Based on a European-wide online survey, public and private forest owners and managers representing different property sizes indicate what type of governance innovation activities they engage in, and why. To investigate forestry innovations as systems, the analysis focuses on biophysical, social and technical factors influencing innovation development. The results of our exploratory quantitative analysis show that most innovation activities identified are largely oriented towards biomass production. Accordingly, most forest owners implement efficiency-driven optimisation strategies for forest management and technological improvement for provisioning service supply, to generate income. In contrast, the provision of regulating and cultural services is not yet a prominent part of forestry innovation activities.Reasons are rooted in a market-oriented economic rationale focusing on timber production, a lack of financial resources to compensate for other FES provisions or institutions to provide backup and security to forest owners and managers for engaging in innovation development. Given that the provision of a wide range of FES is a politically well-established objective for forest management in Europe, a strategy is needed that helps to align actors and sectors for supporting and co-financing related forest management approaches and business models. The current revision of the forest related policy framework on EU level under the EU Green deal poses a window of opportunity for better fostering novel governance approaches for more sustainable FES provision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Mann
- Eberswalde University for Sustainable Development, Chair for Sustainable Forest Resource Economics, Schicklerstrasse 5, Eberswalde 16225, Germany
| | - Lasse Loft
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalder Str. 84, Müncheberg 15374, Germany
| | - Mónica Hernández-Morcillo
- Eberswalde University for Sustainable Development, Chair for Sustainable Forest Resource Economics, Schicklerstrasse 5, Eberswalde 16225, Germany
| | - Eeva Primmer
- Finnish Environment Institute, Latokartanonkaari 11, Helsinki 00790, Finland
| | - Francesca Bussola
- Forest Service of the Autonomous Province of Trento, via Trener 3, Trento 38121, Italy
| | - Enzo Falco
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Via Mesiano 77, Trento 38123, Italy
| | - Davide Geneletti
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Via Mesiano 77, Trento 38123, Italy
| | - Ewelina Dobrowolska
- Eberswalde University for Sustainable Development, Faculty of Forest and Environment, Schicklerstrasse 5, Eberswalde 16225, Germany
| | - Carol M. Grossmann
- Forest Research Institute Baden-Wuerttemberg (FVA), Department of Societal Change, Wonnhaldestr. 4, Freiburg 79100, Germany
| | - Giorgia Bottaro
- Land Environment Agriculture and Forestry Department (TeSAF), University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, Legnaro, Padova 35020, Italy
| | - Christian Schleyer
- Institute of Geography, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52f, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
- Faculty of Organic Agricultural Sciences, University of Kassel, Steinstraße 19, Witzenhausen 37213, Germany
| | - Tatiana Kluvankova
- SlovakGlobe: Slovak University of Technology and Slovak Academy of Sciences, Vazovova5, Bratislava 81243, Slovakia
| | - Gino Garcia
- Eberswalde University for Sustainable Development, Schicklerstrasse 5, Eberswalde 16225, Germany
| | - Marko Lovrić
- European Forest Institute, Yliopistokatu 6B, Joensuu 80100, Finland
| | - Mario Torralba
- Faculty of Organic Agricultural Sciences, University of Kassel, Steinstraße 19, Witzenhausen 37213, Germany
| | - Tobias Plieninger
- Faculty of Organic Agricultural Sciences, Universität Kassel, Germany
- Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Platz der Göttinger Sieben 5, Göttingen 37073, Germany
| | - Georg Winkel
- European Forest Institute, Governance Programme, Platz der Vereinten Nationen 7, Bonn 53113, Germany
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5
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Song M, Jin G, Yan W. Which pro-environmental farming behaviors should be priorities for funding? An approach based on matching ecosystem services (ESs) demand and supply. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 297:113368. [PMID: 34311255 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Eco-compensation (EC) for farmland conservation being implemented in China is a type of payments for ecosystem services (PES) scheme that seeks to balance ecosystem services (ESs) consumption and supply. Despite the growing body of literature on the integration of the demand for, and supply of ESs or the identification of mismatches between them, still many challenges remain to structurally integrate them in policy making facing fund-saving. Therefore, integrating ESs demand and supply at the micro-scale to provide novel insights into using compensation funds efficiently and optimizing the design of PES schemes deserves increasing attention. This study investigated an approach for integrating the demand for, and supply of farmland ESs, i.e., the public's preferences and farmers' pro-environmental behaviors related to farmland ESs, into the design of differentiated EC policies to obtain more ESs with lower input of EC funds. It proposed a theoretical framework and research approach to identify the pro-environmental farming behaviors that should be funded as priorities by matching micro farmland ES demand and supply in multiple scenarios. Then, using survey data collected from four cities in Hubei Province, China, and expert consultation data, empirical research was conducted. By matching the 'key ESs' on the demand side and 'specific ESs' on the supply side in scenarios I, II and III, eight most critical pro-environmental farming behaviors that should be funded as priorities for each scenario were identified. We maintain that the efficient and targeted use of EC funds can be better determined by matching ESs demand and supply from a micro-perspective since this approach provides insight and a framework to identify priorities for action. This approach could be extended to the conservation of different types of ecosystems as well as the design of corresponding PES schemes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Song
- School of Business Administration, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Gui Jin
- School of Economics and Management, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, PR China.
| | - Wanyu Yan
- School of Business Administration, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, PR China
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6
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McElwee P, Turnout E, Chiroleu-Assouline M, Clapp J, Isenhour C, Jackson T, Kelemen E, Miller DC, Rusch G, Spangenberg JH, Waldron A, Baumgartner RJ, Bleys B, Howard MW, Mungatana E, Ngo H, Ring I, Santos R. Ensuring a Post-COVID Economic Agenda Tackles Global Biodiversity Loss. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 3:448-461. [PMID: 34173540 PMCID: PMC7526599 DOI: 10.1016/j.oneear.2020.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused dramatic and unprecedented impacts on both global health and economies. Many governments are now proposing recovery packages to get back to normal, but the 2019 Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services Global Assessment indicated that business as usual has created widespread ecosystem degradation. Therefore, a post-COVID world needs to tackle the economic drivers that create ecological disruptions. In this perspective, we discuss a number of tools across a range of actors for both short-term stimulus measures and longer-term revamping of global, national, and local economies that take biodiversity into account. These include measures to shift away from activities that damage biodiversity and toward those supporting ecosystem resilience, including through incentives, regulations, fiscal policy, and employment programs. By treating the crisis as an opportunity to reset the global economy, we have a chance to reverse decades of biodiversity and ecosystem losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela McElwee
- Department of Human Ecology, Rutgers University, 55 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08840, USA
| | - Esther Turnout
- Forest and Nature Conservation Policy Group, Wageningen University, Droevendalsesteeg 3, Wageningen 6708 PB, the Netherlands
| | | | - Jennifer Clapp
- School of Environment, Resources and Sustainability, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Cindy Isenhour
- Department of Anthropology & Climate Change Institute, University of Maine, 5773 South Stevens Hall, Orono, ME 04469, USA
| | - Tim Jackson
- Center for the Understanding of Sustainable Prosperity, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Eszter Kelemen
- Environmental Social Science Research Group (ESSRG), Ferenciek Tere 2, Budapest 1053, Hungary.,Institute for Sociology, Centre for Social Sciences, Tóth Kálmán Utca 4, Budapest 1097, Hungary
| | - Daniel C Miller
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1102 South Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Graciela Rusch
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Høgskoleringen 9, Trondheim 7034, Norway
| | - Joachim H Spangenberg
- Sustainable Europe Research Institute (SERI) Germany, Vorsterstrasse 97-99, Köln 51103, Germany
| | - Anthony Waldron
- Cambridge Conservation Initiative, Cambridge University, The David Attenborough Building, Pembroke Street, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, UK
| | - Rupert J Baumgartner
- Institute of Systems Sciences, Innovation and Sustainability Research, University of Graz, Merangasse 18/I, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Brent Bleys
- Department of Economics, Ghent University, Tweekerkenstraat 2, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Michael W Howard
- Department of Philosophy, The University of Maine, 5776 The Maples, Orono, ME 04469, USA
| | - Eric Mungatana
- Department of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Rural Development, University of Pretoria, Private Bag x 20, Hatfield 0028, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Hien Ngo
- IPBES Secretariat, Platz der Vereinten Nationen 1, Bonn 53113, Germany
| | - Irene Ring
- Technische Universität Dresden, International Institute Zittau, Markt 23, Zittau 02763, Germany
| | - Rui Santos
- Center for Environmental and Sustainability Research (CENSE), NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Campus de Caparica, Caparica 2829-516, Portugal
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Abstract
Incentive-based measures are increasingly popular to alleviate ongoing biodiversity loss and greenhouse gas emissions from land use change. However, effectively using scarce conservation funds remains a major challenge. Using behavioral economic experiments in the buffer zone of a Vietnamese national park, we show that unfair payment distributions that are beyond land users’ control can reduce the environmental effectiveness of incentives, and that women exert more effort. Our study region is threatened by forest degradation and is part of the nationwide Vietnamese Payments for Forest Ecosystem Services program, making it an important and relevant context for improving the effectiveness of conservation measures. These results show that policymakers aiming for effective and efficient programs should pay close attention to fairness and gender. Global efforts for biodiversity protection and land use-based greenhouse gas mitigation call for increases in the effectiveness and efficiency of environmental conservation. Incentive-based policy instruments are key tools for meeting these goals, yet their effectiveness might be undermined by such factors as social norms regarding whether payments are considered fair. We investigated the causal link between equity and conservation effort with a randomized real-effort experiment in forest conservation with 443 land users near a tropical forest national park in the Vietnamese Central Annamites, a global biodiversity hotspot. The experiment introduced unjustified payment inequality based on luck, in contradiction of local fairness norms that were measured through responses to vignettes. Payment inequality was perceived as less fair than payment equality. In agreement with our preregistered hypotheses, participants who were disadvantaged by unequal payments exerted significantly less conservation effort than other participants receiving the same payment under an equal distribution. No effect was observed for participants advantaged by inequality. Thus, equity effects on effort can have consequences for the effectiveness and efficiency of incentive-based conservation instruments. Furthermore, we show that women exerted substantially more conservation effort than men, and that increasing payment size unexpectedly reduced effort. This emphasizes the need to consider social comparisons, local equity norms, and gender in environmental policies using monetary incentives to motivate behavioral change.
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