1
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Lee H, Kim HF, Hikosaka O. Implication of regional selectivity of dopamine deficits in impaired suppressing of involuntary movements in Parkinson's disease. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 162:105719. [PMID: 38759470 PMCID: PMC11167649 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
To improve the initiation and speed of intended action, one of the crucial mechanisms is suppressing unwanted movements that interfere with goal-directed behavior, which is observed relatively aberrant in Parkinson's disease patients. Recent research has highlighted that dopamine deficits in Parkinson's disease predominantly occur in the caudal lateral part of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) in human patients. We previously found two parallel circuits within the basal ganglia, primarily divided into circuits mediated by the rostral medial part and caudal lateral part of the SNc dopamine neurons. We have further discovered that the indirect pathway in caudal basal ganglia circuits, facilitated by the caudal lateral part of the SNc dopamine neurons, plays a critical role in suppressing unnecessary involuntary movements when animals perform voluntary goal-directed actions. We thus explored recent research in humans and non-human primates focusing on the distinct functions and networks of the caudal lateral part of the SNc dopamine neurons to elucidate the mechanisms involved in the impairment of suppressing involuntary movements in Parkinson's disease patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunchan Lee
- Laboratory of Sensorimotor Research, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-4435, USA.
| | - Hyoung F Kim
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University (SNU), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Okihide Hikosaka
- Laboratory of Sensorimotor Research, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-4435, USA
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2
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Crayen MA, Kagan I, Esghaei M, Hoehl D, Thomas U, Prückl R, Schaffelhofer S, Treue S. Using camera-guided electrode microdrive navigation for precise 3D targeting of macaque brain sites. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301849. [PMID: 38805512 PMCID: PMC11132476 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Spatial accuracy in electrophysiological investigations is paramount, as precise localization and reliable access to specific brain regions help the advancement of our understanding of the brain's complex neural activity. Here, we introduce a novel, multi camera-based, frameless neuronavigation technique for precise, 3-dimensional electrode positioning in awake monkeys. The investigation of neural functions in awake primates often requires stable access to the brain with thin and delicate recording electrodes. This is usually realized by implanting a chronic recording chamber onto the skull of the animal that allows direct access to the dura. Most recording and positioning techniques utilize this implanted recording chamber as a holder of the microdrive or to hold a grid. This in turn reduces the degrees of freedom in positioning. To solve this problem, we require innovative, flexible, but precise tools for neuronal recordings. We instead mount the electrode microdrive above the animal on an arch, equipped with a series of translational and rotational micromanipulators, allowing movements in all axes. Here, the positioning is controlled by infrared cameras tracking the location of the microdrive and the monkey, allowing precise and flexible trajectories. To verify the accuracy of this technique, we created iron deposits in the tissue that could be detected by MRI. Our results demonstrate a remarkable precision with the confirmed physical location of these deposits averaging less than 0.5 mm from their planned position. Pilot electrophysiological recordings additionally demonstrate the accuracy and flexibility of this method. Our innovative approach could significantly enhance the accuracy and flexibility of neural recordings, potentially catalyzing further advancements in neuroscientific research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Arwed Crayen
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, German Primate Center, Goettingen, Lower Saxony, Germany
- Faculty of Biology and Psychology, Georg-August University, Goettingen, Lower Saxony, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School for Neurosciences, Georg-August University, Goettingen, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Igor Kagan
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, German Primate Center, Goettingen, Lower Saxony, Germany
- Leibniz ScienceCampus Primate Cognition, Goettingen, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Moein Esghaei
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, German Primate Center, Goettingen, Lower Saxony, Germany
- School of Cognitive Sciences, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Tehran, Iran
| | - Dirk Hoehl
- Thomas RECORDING GmbH, Giessen, Hesse, Germany
| | - Uwe Thomas
- Thomas RECORDING GmbH, Giessen, Hesse, Germany
| | | | | | - Stefan Treue
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, German Primate Center, Goettingen, Lower Saxony, Germany
- Faculty of Biology and Psychology, Georg-August University, Goettingen, Lower Saxony, Germany
- Leibniz ScienceCampus Primate Cognition, Goettingen, Lower Saxony, Germany
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, Goettingen, Lower Saxony, Germany
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3
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Tajammal T, Khurshid SK, Jaleel A, Qayyum Wahla S, Ziar RA. Deep Learning-Based Ensembling Technique to Classify Alzheimer's Disease Stages Using Functional MRI. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2023; 2023:6961346. [PMID: 37953911 PMCID: PMC10637843 DOI: 10.1155/2023/6961346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
The major issue faced by elderly people in society is the loss of memory, difficulty learning new things, and poor judgment. This is due to damage to brain tissues, which may lead to cognitive impairment and eventually Alzheimer's. Therefore, the detection of such mild cognitive impairment (MCI) becomes important. Usually, this is detected when it is converted into Alzheimer's disease (AD). AD is irreversible and cannot be cured whereas mild cognitive impairment (MCI) can be cured. The goal of this research is to diagnose Alzheimer's patients for timely treatment. For this purpose, functional MRI images from the publicly available dataset are used. Various deep-learning models have been used by the scientific community for the automatic detection of Alzheimer's subjects. These include the binary classification of scans of patients into MCI and AD stages, and limited work is carried out for multiclass classification of Alzheimer's disease up to six different stages. This study is divided into two steps. In the first step, a binary classification of the subject's scan is performed using Custom CNN. The second step involves the use of different deep learning models along with Custom CNN for multiclass classification of a subject's scan into one of the six stages of Alzheimer's disease. The models are evaluated based on different evaluation metrics, and the overall result of the models is improved using the max-voting ensembling technique. The experimental results show that an overall average accuracy of 98.8% is achieved for Alzheimer's stages classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taliah Tajammal
- Department of Computer Science, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore 54890, Pakistan
| | - Syed Khaldoon Khurshid
- Department of Computer Science, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore 54890, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Jaleel
- Department of Computer Science (RCET GRW), University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore 52250, Pakistan
| | - Samyan Qayyum Wahla
- Department of Computer Science, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore 54890, Pakistan
| | - Riaz Ahmad Ziar
- Department of Computer Science, Kardan University, Kabul 1007, Afghanistan
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4
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Voloh B, Maisson DJN, Cervera RL, Conover I, Zambre M, Hayden B, Zimmermann J. Hierarchical action encoding in prefrontal cortex of freely moving macaques. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113091. [PMID: 37656619 PMCID: PMC10591875 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Our natural behavioral repertoires include coordinated actions of characteristic types. To better understand how neural activity relates to the expression of actions and action switches, we studied macaques performing a freely moving foraging task in an open environment. We developed a novel analysis pipeline that can identify meaningful units of behavior, corresponding to recognizable actions such as sitting, walking, jumping, and climbing. On the basis of transition probabilities between these actions, we found that behavior is organized in a modular and hierarchical fashion. We found that, after regressing out many potential confounders, actions are associated with specific patterns of firing in each of six prefrontal brain regions and that, overall, encoding of action category is progressively stronger in more dorsal and more caudal prefrontal regions. Together, these results establish a link between selection of units of primate behavior on one hand and neuronal activity in prefrontal regions on the other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Voloh
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - David J-N Maisson
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | | | - Indirah Conover
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Mrunal Zambre
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Benjamin Hayden
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jan Zimmermann
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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5
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Usai C, Mateu L, Brander C, Vergara-Alert J, Segalés J. Animal models to study the neurological manifestations of the post-COVID-19 condition. Lab Anim (NY) 2023; 52:202-210. [PMID: 37620562 PMCID: PMC10462483 DOI: 10.1038/s41684-023-01231-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
More than 40% of individuals infected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have experienced persistent or relapsing multi-systemic symptoms months after the onset of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This post-COVID-19 condition (PCC) has debilitating effects on the daily life of patients and encompasses a broad spectrum of neurological and neuropsychiatric symptoms including olfactory and gustative impairment, difficulty with concentration and short-term memory, sleep disorders and depression. Animal models have been instrumental to understand acute COVID-19 and validate prophylactic and therapeutic interventions. Similarly, studies post-viral clearance in hamsters, mice and nonhuman primates inoculated with SARS-CoV-2 have been useful to unveil some of the aspects of PCC. Transcriptomic alterations in the central nervous system, persistent activation of immune cells and impaired hippocampal neurogenesis seem to have a critical role in the neurological manifestations observed in animal models infected with SARS-CoV-2. Interestingly, the proinflammatory transcriptomic profile observed in the central nervous system of SARS-CoV-2-inoculated mice partially overlaps with the pathological changes that affect microglia in humans during Alzheimer's disease and aging, suggesting shared mechanisms between these conditions. None of the currently available animal models fully replicates PCC in humans; therefore, multiple models, together with the fine-tuning of experimental conditions, will probably be needed to understand the mechanisms of PCC neurological symptoms. Moreover, given that the intrinsic characteristics of the new variants of concern and the immunological status of individuals might influence PCC manifestations, more studies are needed to explore the role of these factors and their combinations in PCC, adding further complexity to the design of experimental models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Usai
- Unitat Mixta d'Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
- IRTA Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la UAB, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Lourdes Mateu
- Infectious Disease Service, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute and Hospital, Badalona, Spain
| | - Christian Brander
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Institute for Health Science Research Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
- University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), Vic, Spain
- CIBERINFEC, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- ICREA, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Júlia Vergara-Alert
- Unitat Mixta d'Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
- IRTA Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la UAB, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Joaquim Segalés
- Unitat Mixta d'Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain.
- Department de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Campus de la UAB, Bellaterra, Spain.
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6
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Voloh B, Eisenreich BR, Maisson DJN, Ebitz RB, Park HS, Hayden BY, Zimmermann J. Hierarchical organization of rhesus macaque behavior. OXFORD OPEN NEUROSCIENCE 2023; 2:kvad006. [PMID: 37577290 PMCID: PMC10421634 DOI: 10.1093/oons/kvad006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Primatologists, psychologists and neuroscientists have long hypothesized that primate behavior is highly structured. However, delineating that structure has been impossible due to the difficulties of precision behavioral tracking. Here we analyzed a dataset consisting of continuous measures of the 3D position of two male rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) performing three different tasks in a large unrestrained environment over several hours. Using an unsupervised embedding approach on the tracked joints, we identified commonly repeated pose patterns, which we call postures. We found that macaques' behavior is characterized by 49 distinct postures, lasting an average of 0.6 seconds. We found evidence that behavior is hierarchically organized, in that transitions between poses tend to occur within larger modules, which correspond to identifiable actions; these actions are further organized hierarchically. Our behavioral decomposition allows us to identify universal (cross-individual and cross-task) and unique (specific to each individual and task) principles of behavior. These results demonstrate the hierarchical nature of primate behavior, provide a method for the automated ethogramming of primate behavior, and provide important constraints on neural models of pose generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Voloh
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Center for Neuroengineering, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Benjamin R Eisenreich
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Center for Neuroengineering, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030
| | - David J-N Maisson
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Center for Neuroengineering, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030
| | - R Becket Ebitz
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Center for Neuroengineering, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Hyun Soo Park
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota, 40 Church St, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Benjamin Y Hayden
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Center for Neuroengineering, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Jan Zimmermann
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Center for Neuroengineering, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030
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7
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Jain AK, Tansey G, Hartig R, Mitchell AS, Basso MA. Trends and Treatment Approaches for Complications in Neuroscience Experiments with Monkey Species. Comp Med 2023; 73:216-228. [PMID: 37208151 PMCID: PMC10290483 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-cm-22-000079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Our goal in this manuscript is to advance the assessment and treatment of monkey species in neuroscience research. We hope to begin a discussion and establish baseline data on how complications are identified and treated. We surveyed the neuroscience research community working with monkeys and compiled responses to questions about investigator demographics, assessment of animal wellbeing, treatment choices, and approaches to mitigate risks associated with CNS procedures and promote monkey health and wellbeing. The majority of the respondents had worked with nonhuman primates (NHP) for over 15 y. Identification of procedure-related complications and efficacy of treatment generally rely on common behavioral indices. Treatments for localized inflammatory responses are generally successful, whereas the treatment success for meningitis or meningoencephalitis, abscesses, and hemorrhagic stroke are less successful. Behavioral signs of pain are treated successfully with NSAIDs and opioids. Our future plans are to collate treatment protocols and develop best practices that can be shared across the neuroscience community to improve treatment success rates and animal welfare and therefore science. Human protocols can be used to develop best practices, assess outcomes, and promote further refinements in treatment practices for monkeys to enhance research outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarti Kishore Jain
- Fuster Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ginger Tansey
- National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Renée Hartig
- Translational Neuroscience Division, Center for Biomedical Imaging and Neuromodulation, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, New York; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Anna S Mitchell
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Oxford University, Tinsley Building, Oxford, United Kingdom; School of Psychology, Speech, and Hearing, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Michele A Basso
- Fuster Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Washington National Primate Research Center, Departments of Biological Structure and Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington;,
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8
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Kim YJ, Packer O, Pollreisz A, Martin PR, Grünert U, Dacey DM. Comparative connectomics reveals noncanonical wiring for color vision in human foveal retina. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2300545120. [PMID: 37098066 PMCID: PMC10160961 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2300545120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The Old World macaque monkey and New World common marmoset provide fundamental models for human visual processing, yet the human ancestral lineage diverged from these monkey lineages over 25 Mya. We therefore asked whether fine-scale synaptic wiring in the nervous system is preserved across these three primate families, despite long periods of independent evolution. We applied connectomic electron microscopy to the specialized foveal retina where circuits for highest acuity and color vision reside. Synaptic motifs arising from the cone photoreceptor type sensitive to short (S) wavelengths and associated with "blue-yellow" (S-ON and S-OFF) color-coding circuitry were reconstructed. We found that distinctive circuitry arises from S cones for each of the three species. The S cones contacted neighboring L and M (long- and middle-wavelength sensitive) cones in humans, but such contacts were rare or absent in macaques and marmosets. We discovered a major S-OFF pathway in the human retina and established its absence in marmosets. Further, the S-ON and S-OFF chromatic pathways make excitatory-type synaptic contacts with L and M cone types in humans, but not in macaques or marmosets. Our results predict that early-stage chromatic signals are distinct in the human retina and imply that solving the human connectome at the nanoscale level of synaptic wiring will be critical for fully understanding the neural basis of human color vision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon Jin Kim
- Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195
| | - Orin Packer
- Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195
| | - Andreas Pollreisz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna1090, Austria
| | - Paul R. Martin
- Save Sight Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW2000, Australia
| | - Ulrike Grünert
- Save Sight Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW2000, Australia
| | - Dennis M. Dacey
- Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195
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9
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Blesa J, Pineda-Pardo JA, Inoue KI, Gasca-Salas C, Balzano T, Del Rey NLG, Reinares-Sebastián A, Esteban-García N, Rodríguez-Rojas R, Márquez R, Ciorraga M, del Álamo M, García-Cañamaque L, Ruiz de Aguiar S, Rachmilevitch I, Trigo-Damas I, Takada M, Obeso JA. BBB opening with focused ultrasound in nonhuman primates and Parkinson's disease patients: Targeted AAV vector delivery and PET imaging. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadf4888. [PMID: 37075119 PMCID: PMC10115413 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf4888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Intracerebral vector delivery in nonhuman primates has been a major challenge. We report successful blood-brain barrier opening and focal delivery of adeno-associated virus serotype 9 vectors into brain regions involved in Parkinson's disease using low-intensity focus ultrasound in adult macaque monkeys. Openings were well tolerated with generally no associated abnormal magnetic resonance imaging signals. Neuronal green fluorescent protein expression was observed specifically in regions with confirmed blood-brain barrier opening. Similar blood-brain barrier openings were safely demonstrated in three patients with Parkinson's disease. In these patients and in one monkey, blood-brain barrier opening was followed by 18F-Choline uptake in the putamen and midbrain regions based on positron emission tomography. This indicates focal and cellular binding of molecules that otherwise would not enter the brain parenchyma. The less-invasive nature of this methodology could facilitate focal viral vector delivery for gene therapy and might allow early and repeated interventions to treat neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Blesa
- HM CINAC (Centro Integral de Neurociencias Abarca Campal), Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, HM Hospitales, Madrid, Spain
- Network Center for Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - José A. Pineda-Pardo
- HM CINAC (Centro Integral de Neurociencias Abarca Campal), Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, HM Hospitales, Madrid, Spain
- Network Center for Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ken-ichi Inoue
- Systems Neuroscience Section, Department of Neuroscience, Primate Research Institute, and Center for the Evolutionary Origins of Human Behavior, Kyoto University; Inuyama, Aichi 484-8506, Japan
| | - Carmen Gasca-Salas
- HM CINAC (Centro Integral de Neurociencias Abarca Campal), Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, HM Hospitales, Madrid, Spain
- Network Center for Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- University CEU-San Pablo, Madrid, Spain
| | - Tiziano Balzano
- HM CINAC (Centro Integral de Neurociencias Abarca Campal), Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, HM Hospitales, Madrid, Spain
| | - Natalia López-González Del Rey
- HM CINAC (Centro Integral de Neurociencias Abarca Campal), Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, HM Hospitales, Madrid, Spain
- PhD Program in Neuroscience Autónoma de Madrid University-Cajal Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Reinares-Sebastián
- HM CINAC (Centro Integral de Neurociencias Abarca Campal), Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, HM Hospitales, Madrid, Spain
| | - Noelia Esteban-García
- HM CINAC (Centro Integral de Neurociencias Abarca Campal), Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, HM Hospitales, Madrid, Spain
- PhD Program in Neuroscience Autónoma de Madrid University-Cajal Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Rodríguez-Rojas
- HM CINAC (Centro Integral de Neurociencias Abarca Campal), Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, HM Hospitales, Madrid, Spain
- Network Center for Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Márquez
- HM CINAC (Centro Integral de Neurociencias Abarca Campal), Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, HM Hospitales, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Ciorraga
- HM CINAC (Centro Integral de Neurociencias Abarca Campal), Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, HM Hospitales, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta del Álamo
- HM CINAC (Centro Integral de Neurociencias Abarca Campal), Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, HM Hospitales, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lina García-Cañamaque
- University CEU-San Pablo, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, HM Hospitales, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Inés Trigo-Damas
- HM CINAC (Centro Integral de Neurociencias Abarca Campal), Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, HM Hospitales, Madrid, Spain
- Network Center for Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Masahiko Takada
- Systems Neuroscience Section, Department of Neuroscience, Primate Research Institute, and Center for the Evolutionary Origins of Human Behavior, Kyoto University; Inuyama, Aichi 484-8506, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - José A. Obeso
- HM CINAC (Centro Integral de Neurociencias Abarca Campal), Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, HM Hospitales, Madrid, Spain
- Network Center for Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- University CEU-San Pablo, Madrid, Spain
- Corresponding author.
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10
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Kim H, Jang EJ, Sankpal NV, Patel M, Patel R. Recent Development of Brain Organoids for Biomedical Application. Macromol Biosci 2023; 23:e2200346. [PMID: 36469016 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202200346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Over the years, scientists have studied the behavior and anatomy of many animals to understand the own species. However, despite the continuous efforts, it is often difficult to know for certain how the brain works due to the differences between the brains of animals and the human brain. While the use of animal models for research continues, the origin of human cognition and neurological disorders needs further elucidation. To that end, in vitro organoids that exhibit in vivo characteristics of the human brain have been recently developed. These brain-like organoids enable researchers to dive deeper into understanding the human brain, its neurological structures, and the causes of neurological pathologies. This paper reviews the recent developments in the regeneration of brain-like organoids using Matrigel and other alternatives. Further, gel-free methods that may enhance the regeneration process of organoids are discussed. Finally, the vascularized brain organoid growth and development in both in vitro and in vivo conditions are detailed.
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Affiliation(s)
- HanSol Kim
- Bio-Convergence (BC), Integrated Science and Engineering Division (ISED), Underwood International College, Yonsei University, 85 Songdogwahak-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21983, South Korea
| | - Eun Jo Jang
- Nano Science and Engineering, Integrated Science and Engineering Division (ISED), Underwood International College, Yonsei University, Songdogwahak-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21983, South Korea
| | - Narendra V Sankpal
- Norton Thoracic Institute St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA
| | - Madhumita Patel
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03760, South Korea
| | - Rajkumar Patel
- Energy & Environmental Science and Engineering (EESE), Integrated Science and Engineering Division (ISED), Underwood International College, Yonsei University, 85 Songdogwahak-ro, Yeonsugu, Incheon, 21938, South Korea
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11
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Hu Z, Li Y, Figueroa-Miranda G, Musal S, Li H, Martínez-Roque MA, Hu Q, Feng L, Mayer D, Offenhäusser A. Aptamer based biosensor platforms for neurotransmitters analysis. Trends Analyt Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2023.117021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
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12
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A framework and resource for global collaboration in non-human primate neuroscience. CURRENT RESEARCH IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crneur.2023.100079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
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13
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Janssen P, Isa T, Lanciego J, Leech K, Logothetis N, Poo MM, Mitchell AS. Visualizing advances in the future of primate neuroscience research. CURRENT RESEARCH IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2022; 4:100064. [PMID: 36582401 PMCID: PMC9792703 DOI: 10.1016/j.crneur.2022.100064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Future neuroscience and biomedical projects involving non-human primates (NHPs) remain essential in our endeavors to understand the complexities and functioning of the mammalian central nervous system. In so doing, the NHP neuroscience researcher must be allowed to incorporate state-of-the-art technologies, including the use of novel viral vectors, gene therapy and transgenic approaches to answer continuing and emerging research questions that can only be addressed in NHP research models. This perspective piece captures these emerging technologies and some specific research questions they can address. At the same time, we highlight some current caveats to global NHP research and collaborations including the lack of common ethical and regulatory frameworks for NHP research, the limitations involving animal transportation and exports, and the ongoing influence of activist groups opposed to NHP research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Janssen
- Laboratory for Neuro- and Psychophysiology, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tadashi Isa
- Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Jose Lanciego
- Department Neurosciences, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, CiberNed., Pamplona, Spain
| | - Kirk Leech
- European Animal Research Association, United Kingdom
| | - Nikos Logothetis
- International Center for Primate Brain Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Mu-Ming Poo
- International Center for Primate Brain Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Anna S. Mitchell
- School of Psychology, Speech and Hearing, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand,Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom,Corresponding author. School of Psychology, Speech and Hearing, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
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14
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Tian X, Chen Y, Majka P, Szczupak D, Perl YS, Yen CCC, Tong C, Feng F, Jiang H, Glen D, Deco G, Rosa MGP, Silva AC, Liang Z, Liu C. An integrated resource for functional and structural connectivity of the marmoset brain. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7416. [PMID: 36456558 PMCID: PMC9715556 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35197-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Comprehensive integration of structural and functional connectivity data is required to model brain functions accurately. While resources for studying the structural connectivity of non-human primate brains already exist, their integration with functional connectivity data has remained unavailable. Here we present a comprehensive resource that integrates the most extensive awake marmoset resting-state fMRI data available to date (39 marmoset monkeys, 710 runs, 12117 mins) with previously published cellular-level neuronal tracing data (52 marmoset monkeys, 143 injections) and multi-resolution diffusion MRI datasets. The combination of these data allowed us to (1) map the fine-detailed functional brain networks and cortical parcellations, (2) develop a deep-learning-based parcellation generator that preserves the topographical organization of functional connectivity and reflects individual variabilities, and (3) investigate the structural basis underlying functional connectivity by computational modeling. This resource will enable modeling structure-function relationships and facilitate future comparative and translational studies of primate brains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoguang Tian
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh Brain Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA
| | - Yuyan Chen
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Piotr Majka
- grid.419305.a0000 0001 1943 2944Laboratory of Neuroinformatics, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland ,grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Department of Physiology and Neuroscience Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800 Australia
| | - Diego Szczupak
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh Brain Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA
| | - Yonatan Sanz Perl
- grid.5612.00000 0001 2172 2676Center for Brain and Cognition, Computational Neuroscience Group, Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Roc Boronat 138, Barcelona, 08018 Spain ,grid.441741.30000 0001 2325 2241Universidad de San Andrés, Vito Dumas 284 (B1644BID), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cecil Chern-Chyi Yen
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Cerebral Microcirculation Section, Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health (NINDS/NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Chuanjun Tong
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Furui Feng
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiteng Jiang
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Neurobiology, Affiliated Mental Health Center & Hangzhou Seventh People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhe Jiang Sheng, China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XMOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-machine Integration, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Daniel Glen
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Scientific and Statistical Computing Core, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health (NIMH/NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Gustavo Deco
- grid.5612.00000 0001 2172 2676Center for Brain and Cognition, Computational Neuroscience Group, Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Roc Boronat 138, Barcelona, 08018 Spain ,grid.425902.80000 0000 9601 989XInstitució Catalana de la Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Passeig Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona, 08010 Spain ,grid.419524.f0000 0001 0041 5028Department of Neuropsychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, 04103 Germany ,grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Clayton, VIC 3800 Australia
| | - Marcello G. P. Rosa
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Department of Physiology and Neuroscience Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800 Australia
| | - Afonso C. Silva
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh Brain Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA
| | - Zhifeng Liang
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China ,grid.511008.dShanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence Technology Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Cirong Liu
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China ,grid.511008.dShanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence Technology Shanghai, Shanghai, China ,Lingang Laboratory, Shanghai, 200031 China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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15
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Li Z, Li W, Yan W, Zhang R, Xie S. Data-driven learning to identify biomarkers in bipolar disorder. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2022; 226:107112. [PMID: 36156436 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2022.107112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Bipolar disorder (BD) is one of the primary causes of disability globally and can be easily misdiagnosed as schizophrenia or major depression due to their similar symptoms. Hence, it is of great significance to explore the pathogenesis of BD. Statistical analysis is currently the most common method for exploring the neuropathological mechanisms of psychiatric disorders. However, this method only considers the relationship between groups and does not reflect the individual-level diagnosis. Therefore, we developed machine learning algorithms to measure pathological brain changes in psychiatric disorders. METHODS An autoencoder and a feature selection method are proposed to identify the abnormal structural patterns of BD in this study. The autoencoder was constructed using structural imaging data from 1113 healthy controls, which aims to define the normal range of anatomical deviations to distinguish healthy individuals from BD patients. The biomarkers of BD were identified by the reconstruction errors in each brain region. The proposed feature selection (FS)-select framework aimed to determine the optimal FS method and identify the most reproducible feature associated with BD. RESULTS We found that the left orbital region of the middle frontal gyrus had the greatest difference between healthy controls and BD patients using a trained autoencoder. The most reproducible feature was the left orbital region of the middle frontal gyrus by FS-select framework when using the different cross-validation strategies. CONCLUSIONS A consistent result was obtained from the above two proposed methods wherein a significant difference between healthy controls and BD patients was identified in the left orbital region of the middle frontal gyrus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuangzhuang Li
- College of Telecommunication and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wenmei Li
- School of Geographic and Biologic Information, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Wei Yan
- Department of Psychiatry affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
| | - Rongrong Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Shiping Xie
- Department of Psychiatry affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
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16
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Hayden BY, Park HS, Zimmermann J. Automated pose estimation in primates. Am J Primatol 2022; 84:e23348. [PMID: 34855257 PMCID: PMC9160209 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the behavior of primates is important for primatology, for psychology, and for biology more broadly. It is also important for biomedicine, where primates are an important model organism, and whose behavior is often an important variable of interest. Our ability to rigorously quantify behavior has, however, long been limited. On one hand, we can rigorously quantify low-information measures like preference, looking time, and reaction time; on the other, we can use more gestalt measures like behavioral categories tracked via ethogram, but at high cost and with high variability. Recent technological advances have led to a major revolution in behavioral measurement that offers affordable and scalable rigor. Specifically, digital video cameras and automated pose tracking software can provide measures of full-body position (i.e., pose) of primates over time (i.e., behavior) with high spatial and temporal resolution. Pose-tracking technology in turn can be used to infer behavioral states, such as eating, sleeping, and mating. We call this technological approach behavioral imaging. In this review, we situate the behavioral imaging revolution in the history of the study of behavior, argue for investment in and development of analytical and research techniques that can profit from the advent of the era of big behavior, and propose that primate centers and zoos will take on a more central role in relevant fields of research than they have in the past.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Y. Hayden
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Biomedical Engineering
| | - Hyun Soo Park
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis MN 55455
| | - Jan Zimmermann
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Biomedical Engineering
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17
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Accrombessi G, Galineau L, Tauber C, Serrière S, Moyer E, Brizard B, Le Guisquet AM, Surget A, Belzung C. An ecological animal model of subthreshold depression in adolescence: behavioral and resting state 18F-FDG PET imaging characterization. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:356. [PMID: 36050307 PMCID: PMC9436927 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-02119-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The different depressive disorders that exist can take root at adolescence. For instance, some functional and structural changes in several brain regions have been observed from adolescence in subjects that display either high vulnerability to depressive symptoms or subthreshold depression. For instance, adolescents with depressive disorder have been shown to exhibit hyperactivity in hippocampus, amygdala and prefrontal cortex as well as volume reductions in hippocampus and amygdala (prefrontal cortex showing more variable results). However, no animal model of adolescent subthreshold depression has been developed so far. Our objective was to design an animal model of adolescent subthreshold depression and to characterize the neural changes associated to this phenotype. For this purpose, we used adolescent Swiss mice that were evaluated on 4 tests assessing cognitive abilities (Morris water maze), anhedonia (sucrose preference), anxiety (open-field) and stress-coping strategies (forced swim test) at postnatal day (PND) 28-35. In order to identify neural alterations associated to behavioral profiles, we assessed brain resting state metabolic activity in vivo using 18F-FDG PET imaging at PND 37. We selected three profiles of mice distinguished in a composite Z-score computed from performances in the behavioral tests: High, Intermediate and Low Depressive Risk (HDR, IDR and LDR). Compared to both IDR and LDR, HDR mice were characterized by passive stress-coping behaviors, low cognition and high anhedonia and anxiety and were associated with significant changes of 18F-FDG uptakes in several cortical and subcortical areas including prelimbic cortex, infralimbic cortex, nucleus accumbens, amygdala, periaqueductal gray and superior colliculus, all displaying higher metabolic activity, while only the thalamus was associated with lower metabolic activity (compared to IDR). LDR displayed an opposing behavioral phenotype and were associated with significant changes of 18F-FDG uptakes in the dorsal striatum and thalamus that both exhibited markedly lower metabolic activity in LDR. In conclusion, our study revealed changes in metabolic activities that can represent neural signatures for behavioral profiles predicting subthreshold depression at adolescence in a mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgine Accrombessi
- grid.411167.40000 0004 1765 1600UMR 1253, iBrain, Inserm, Université de Tours, CEDEX 1, 37032 Tours, France
| | - Laurent Galineau
- grid.411167.40000 0004 1765 1600UMR 1253, iBrain, Inserm, Université de Tours, CEDEX 1, 37032 Tours, France
| | - Clovis Tauber
- grid.411167.40000 0004 1765 1600UMR 1253, iBrain, Inserm, Université de Tours, CEDEX 1, 37032 Tours, France
| | - Sophie Serrière
- grid.411167.40000 0004 1765 1600UMR 1253, iBrain, Inserm, Université de Tours, CEDEX 1, 37032 Tours, France
| | - Esteban Moyer
- grid.411167.40000 0004 1765 1600UMR 1253, iBrain, Inserm, Université de Tours, CEDEX 1, 37032 Tours, France
| | - Bruno Brizard
- grid.411167.40000 0004 1765 1600UMR 1253, iBrain, Inserm, Université de Tours, CEDEX 1, 37032 Tours, France
| | - Anne-Marie Le Guisquet
- grid.411167.40000 0004 1765 1600UMR 1253, iBrain, Inserm, Université de Tours, CEDEX 1, 37032 Tours, France
| | - Alexandre Surget
- grid.411167.40000 0004 1765 1600UMR 1253, iBrain, Inserm, Université de Tours, CEDEX 1, 37032 Tours, France
| | - Catherine Belzung
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Inserm, Université de Tours, CEDEX 1, 37032, Tours, France.
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18
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Knaebe B, Weiss CC, Zimmermann J, Hayden BY. The Promise of Behavioral Tracking Systems for Advancing Primate Animal Welfare. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12131648. [PMID: 35804547 PMCID: PMC9265027 DOI: 10.3390/ani12131648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Computerized tracking systems for primates and other animals are one of the great inventions of the 21st century. These systems have already revolutionized the study of primatology, psychology, neuroscience, and biomedicine. Less discussed is that they also promise to greatly enhance animal welfare. Their potential benefits include identifying and reducing pain, suffering, and distress in captive populations, improving laboratory animal welfare, and applying our understanding of animal behavior to increase the “natural” behaviors in captive and wild populations, especially those under threat. We are optimistic that these changes will greatly increase the welfare of primates, including those in laboratories, zoos, primate centers, and in the wild. Abstract Recent years have witnessed major advances in the ability of computerized systems to track the positions of animals as they move through large and unconstrained environments. These systems have so far been a great boon in the fields of primatology, psychology, neuroscience, and biomedicine. Here, we discuss the promise of these technologies for animal welfare. Their potential benefits include identifying and reducing pain, suffering, and distress in captive populations, improving laboratory animal welfare within the context of the three Rs of animal research (reduction, refinement, and replacement), and applying our understanding of animal behavior to increase the “natural” behaviors in captive and wild populations facing human impact challenges. We note that these benefits are often incidental to the designed purpose of these tracking systems, a reflection of the fact that animal welfare is not inimical to research progress, but instead, that the aligned interests between basic research and welfare hold great promise for improvements to animal well-being.
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How Can Animal Models Inform the Understanding of Cognitive Inflexibility in Patients with Anorexia Nervosa? J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11092594. [PMID: 35566718 PMCID: PMC9105411 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11092594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Deficits in cognitive flexibility are consistently seen in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN). This type of cognitive impairment is thought to be associated with the persistence of AN because it leads to deeply ingrained patterns of thought and behaviour that are highly resistant to change. Neurobiological drivers of cognitive inflexibility have some commonalities with the abnormal brain functional outcomes described in patients with AN, including disrupted prefrontal cortical function, and dysregulated dopamine and serotonin neurotransmitter systems. The activity-based anorexia (ABA) model recapitulates the key features of AN in human patients, including rapid weight loss caused by self-starvation and hyperactivity, supporting its application in investigating the cognitive and neurobiological causes of pathological weight loss. The aim of this review is to describe the relationship between AN, neural function and cognitive flexibility in human patients, and to highlight how new techniques in behavioural neuroscience can improve the utility of animal models of AN to inform the development of novel therapeutics.
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20
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Genetically modified mice for research on human diseases: A triumph for Biotechnology or a work in progress? THE EUROBIOTECH JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/ebtj-2022-0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Genetically modified mice are engineered as models for human diseases. These mouse models include inbred strains, mutants, gene knockouts, gene knockins, and ‘humanized’ mice. Each mouse model is engineered to mimic a specific disease based on a theory of the genetic basis of that disease. For example, to test the amyloid theory of Alzheimer’s disease, mice with amyloid precursor protein genes are engineered, and to test the tau theory, mice with tau genes are engineered. This paper discusses the importance of mouse models in basic research, drug discovery, and translational research, and examines the question of how to define the “best” mouse model of a disease. The critiques of animal models and the caveats in translating the results from animal models to the treatment of human disease are discussed. Since many diseases are heritable, multigenic, age-related and experience-dependent, resulting from multiple gene-gene and gene-environment interactions, it will be essential to develop mouse models that reflect these genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors from a developmental perspective. Such models would provide further insight into disease emergence, progression and the ability to model two-hit and multi-hit theories of disease. The summary examines the biotechnology for creating genetically modified mice which reflect these factors and how they might be used to discover new treatments for complex human diseases such as cancers, neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases.
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21
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Electrophysiological dataset from macaque visual cortical area MST in response to a novel motion stimulus. Sci Data 2022; 9:182. [PMID: 35440786 PMCID: PMC9019011 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-022-01239-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Establishing the cortical neural representation of visual stimuli is a central challenge of systems neuroscience. Publicly available data would allow a broad range of scientific analyses and hypothesis testing, but are rare and largely focused on the early visual system. To address the shortage of open data from higher visual areas, we provide a comprehensive dataset from a neurophysiology study in macaque monkey visual cortex that includes a complete record of extracellular action potential recordings from the extrastriate medial superior temporal (MST) area, behavioral data, and detailed stimulus records. It includes spiking activity of 172 single neurons recorded in 139 sessions from 4 hemispheres of 3 rhesus macaque monkeys. The data was collected across 3 experiments, designed to characterize the response properties of MST neurons to complex motion stimuli. This data can be used to elucidate visual information processing at the level of single neurons in a high-level area of primate visual cortex. Providing open access to this dataset also promotes the 3R-principle of responsible animal research. Measurement(s) | spike train • eye movement measurement | Technology Type(s) | single-unit recording • eye tracking device | Factor Type(s) | direction, location, and speed of moving random dot patterns | Sample Characteristic - Organism | Macaca mulatta | Sample Characteristic - Environment | laboratory environment | Sample Characteristic - Location | Germany |
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22
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Applications of chemogenetics in non-human primates. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2022; 64:102204. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2022.102204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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23
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Jacob G, Katti H, Cherian T, Das J, Zhivago KA, Arun SP. A naturalistic environment to study visual cognition in unrestrained monkeys. eLife 2021; 10:63816. [PMID: 34821553 PMCID: PMC8676323 DOI: 10.7554/elife.63816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Macaque monkeys are widely used to study vision. In the traditional approach, monkeys are brought into a lab to perform visual tasks while they are restrained to obtain stable eye tracking and neural recordings. Here, we describe a novel environment to study visual cognition in a more natural setting as well as other natural and social behaviors. We designed a naturalistic environment with an integrated touchscreen workstation that enables high-quality eye tracking in unrestrained monkeys. We used this environment to train monkeys on a challenging same-different task. We also show that this environment can reveal interesting novel social behaviors. As proof of concept, we show that two naive monkeys were able to learn this complex task through a combination of socially observing trained monkeys and solo trial-and-error. We propose that such naturalistic environments can be used to rigorously study visual cognition as well as other natural and social behaviors in freely moving monkeys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgin Jacob
- Centre for Neuroscience, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore, Bangalore, India.,Department of Electrical Communication Engineering Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Harish Katti
- Centre for Neuroscience, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore, Bangalore, India
| | - Thomas Cherian
- Centre for Neuroscience, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore, Bangalore, India
| | - Jhilik Das
- Centre for Neuroscience, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore, Bangalore, India
| | - K A Zhivago
- Centre for Neuroscience, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore, Bangalore, India
| | - S P Arun
- Centre for Neuroscience, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore, Bangalore, India
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24
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Li Z, Li Z, Xu W, Li Y, Wang Q, Xu H, Manyande A, Wu D, Feng M, Xiang H. The connectome from the cerebral cortex to the viscera using viral transneuronal tracers. Am J Transl Res 2021; 13:12152-12167. [PMID: 34956443 PMCID: PMC8661218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
As an emerging framework in neuroscience, brain connectomics is well suited for investigating key questions on brain complexity by combining viral transneuronal tracing and whole brain graphic methodologies using analytical tools of network science. Transsynaptic viral tract-tracing in the toolbox of neural labeling methods has been a significant development in the connectomics field to decipher the circuit-level architecture of the cerebral cortex. In the present work, we reviewed the current methods enabling structural connectivity from the viscera to the cerebral cortex mapping with viral transneuronal tracers and showed how such neuroanatomic connectomic data could be used to infer new structural and functional information in viscera-cerebral cortex circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiao Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Weiguo Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430030, China
| | - Yujuan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Anne Manyande
- School of Human and Social Sciences, University of West LondonLondon W5 2NU, UK
| | - Duozhi Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, People’s Hospital of Hainan ProvinceHaikou 570311, Hainan, China
| | - Maohui Feng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Wuhan Peritoneal Cancer Clinical Medical Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors and Hubei Cancer Clinical Study CenterWuhan 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Hongbing Xiang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430030, Hubei, China
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25
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Villa C, Yoon JH. Multi-Omics for the Understanding of Brain Diseases. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11111202. [PMID: 34833078 PMCID: PMC8618909 DOI: 10.3390/life11111202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain diseases, including both neurodegenerative diseases and mental disorders, represent the third largest healthcare problem in developed countries, after cardiovascular disorders and cancer [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Villa
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
- Correspondence: (C.V.); (J.H.Y.)
| | - Jong Hyuk Yoon
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu 41062, Korea
- Correspondence: (C.V.); (J.H.Y.)
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26
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Chao CC, Shen PW, Tzeng TY, Kung HJ, Tsai TF, Wong YH. Human iPSC-Derived Neurons as A Platform for Deciphering the Mechanisms behind Brain Aging. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1635. [PMID: 34829864 PMCID: PMC8615703 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
With an increased life expectancy among humans, aging has recently emerged as a major focus in biomedical research. The lack of in vitro aging models-especially for neurological disorders, where access to human brain tissues is limited-has hampered the progress in studies on human brain aging and various age-associated neurodegenerative diseases at the cellular and molecular level. In this review, we provide an overview of age-related changes in the transcriptome, in signaling pathways, and in relation to epigenetic factors that occur in senescent neurons. Moreover, we explore the current cell models used to study neuronal aging in vitro, including immortalized cell lines, primary neuronal culture, neurons directly converted from fibroblasts (Fib-iNs), and iPSC-derived neurons (iPSC-iNs); we also discuss the advantages and limitations of these models. In addition, the key phenotypes associated with cellular senescence that have been observed by these models are compared. Finally, we focus on the potential of combining human iPSC-iNs with genome editing technology in order to further our understanding of brain aging and neurodegenerative diseases, and discuss the future directions and challenges in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Chuan Chao
- Aging and Health Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (C.-C.C.); (T.-F.T.)
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Po-Wen Shen
- Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
- Ph.D. Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Yu Tzeng
- Cancer Progression Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
| | - Hsing-Jien Kung
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli 350, Taiwan;
- Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Ting-Fen Tsai
- Aging and Health Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (C.-C.C.); (T.-F.T.)
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli 350, Taiwan;
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hui Wong
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Brain Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
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27
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Bliss-Moreau E, Amara RR, Buffalo EA, Colman RJ, Embers ME, Morrison JH, Quillen EE, Sacha JB, Roberts CT. Improving rigor and reproducibility in nonhuman primate research. Am J Primatol 2021; 83:e23331. [PMID: 34541703 PMCID: PMC8629848 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Nonhuman primates (NHPs) are a critical component of translational/preclinical biomedical research due to the strong similarities between NHP and human physiology and disease pathology. In some cases, NHPs represent the most appropriate, or even the only, animal model for complex metabolic, neurological, and infectious diseases. The increased demand for and limited availability of these valuable research subjects requires that rigor and reproducibility be a prime consideration to ensure the maximal utility of this scarce resource. Here, we discuss a number of approaches that collectively can contribute to enhanced rigor and reproducibility in NHP research. Nonhuman primates (NHP) are a crucial component of biomedical research due to their similarities with human physiology and pathobiology. Increased rigor and reproducibility in NHP research are critical to maximizing the information obtained from this scarce and valuable resource. More widespread adoption of approaches such as normative protocols, preregistration, and data sharing, as well as more extensive training in biostatistics, can enhance rigor and reproducibility in NHP studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliza Bliss-Moreau
- California National Primate Research Center, Davis, California, USA.,Department of Psychology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Rama R Amara
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Buffalo
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Ricki J Colman
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Monica E Embers
- Division of Immunology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, USA
| | - John H Morrison
- California National Primate Research Center, Davis, California, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Ellen E Quillen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jonah B Sacha
- Divisions of Pathobiology and Immunology (JS) and Cardiometabolic Health (CR), Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, USA.,Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Charles T Roberts
- Divisions of Pathobiology and Immunology (JS) and Cardiometabolic Health (CR), Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
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28
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Li H, Wu S, Ma X, Li X, Cheng T, Chen Z, Wu J, Lv L, Li L, Xu L, Wang W, Hu Y, Jiang H, Yin Y, Qiu Z, Hu X. Co-editing PINK1 and DJ-1 Genes Via Adeno-Associated Virus-Delivered CRISPR/Cas9 System in Adult Monkey Brain Elicits Classical Parkinsonian Phenotype. Neurosci Bull 2021; 37:1271-1288. [PMID: 34165772 PMCID: PMC8423927 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-021-00732-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Whether direct manipulation of Parkinson's disease (PD) risk genes in the adult monkey brain can elicit a Parkinsonian phenotype remains an unsolved issue. Here, we used an adeno-associated virus serotype 9 (AAV9)-delivered CRISPR/Cas9 system to directly co-edit PINK1 and DJ-1 genes in the substantia nigras (SNs) of two monkey groups: an old group and a middle-aged group. After the operation, the old group exhibited all the classic PD symptoms, including bradykinesia, tremor, and postural instability, accompanied by key pathological hallmarks of PD, such as severe nigral dopaminergic neuron loss (>64%) and evident α-synuclein pathology in the gene-edited SN. In contrast, the phenotype of their middle-aged counterparts, which also showed clear PD symptoms and pathological hallmarks, were less severe. In addition to the higher final total PD scores and more severe pathological changes, the old group were also more susceptible to gene editing by showing a faster process of PD progression. These results suggested that both genetic and aging factors played important roles in the development of PD in the monkeys. Taken together, this system can effectively develop a large number of genetically-edited PD monkeys in a short time (6-10 months), and thus provides a practical transgenic monkey model for future PD studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650223, Kunming, China
| | - Shihao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650223, Kunming, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Xia Ma
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650223, Kunming, China
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Tianlin Cheng
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Zhifang Chen
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650223, Kunming, China
| | - Longbao Lv
- National Resource Center for Non-human Primates, Kunming Primate Research Center, and National Research Facility for Phenotypic and Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650107, Kunming, China
| | - Ling Li
- Diagnostic Radiology Department, 920 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force of the PLA, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Liqi Xu
- Ultrasound diagnosis Department, 920 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force of the PLA, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Wenchao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650223, Kunming, China
| | - Yingzhou Hu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650223, Kunming, China
| | - Haisong Jiang
- Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Yong Yin
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650021, China.
| | - Zilong Qiu
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
- Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Xintian Hu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650223, Kunming, China.
- Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
- National Resource Center for Non-human Primates, Kunming Primate Research Center, and National Research Facility for Phenotypic and Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650107, Kunming, China.
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29
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Song X, García-Saldivar P, Kindred N, Wang Y, Merchant H, Meguerditchian A, Yang Y, Stein EA, Bradberry CW, Ben Hamed S, Jedema HP, Poirier C. Strengths and challenges of longitudinal non-human primate neuroimaging. Neuroimage 2021; 236:118009. [PMID: 33794361 PMCID: PMC8270888 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Longitudinal non-human primate neuroimaging has the potential to greatly enhance our understanding of primate brain structure and function. Here we describe its specific strengths, compared to both cross-sectional non-human primate neuroimaging and longitudinal human neuroimaging, but also its associated challenges. We elaborate on factors guiding the use of different analytical tools, subject-specific versus age-specific templates for analyses, and issues related to statistical power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Song
- Preclinical Pharmacology Section, Intramural Research Program, NIDA, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Pamela García-Saldivar
- Instituto de Neurobiología, UNAM, Campus Juriquilla. Boulevard Juriquilla No. 3001 Querétaro, Qro. 76230, México
| | - Nathan Kindred
- Biosciences Institute & Centre for Behaviour and Evolution, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, United Kingdom
| | - Yujiang Wang
- CNNP Lab (www.cnnp-lab.com), Interdisciplinary Complex Systems Group, School of Computing, Newcastle University, United Kingdom
| | - Hugo Merchant
- Instituto de Neurobiología, UNAM, Campus Juriquilla. Boulevard Juriquilla No. 3001 Querétaro, Qro. 76230, México
| | - Adrien Meguerditchian
- Laboratoire de Psychologie Cognitive, UMR7290, Université Aix-Marseille/CNRS, Institut Language, Communication and the Brain 13331 Marseille, France
| | - Yihong Yang
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, NIDA, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Elliot A Stein
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, NIDA, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Charles W Bradberry
- Preclinical Pharmacology Section, Intramural Research Program, NIDA, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Suliann Ben Hamed
- Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, UMR 5229, Université de Lyon - CNRS, France
| | - Hank P Jedema
- Preclinical Pharmacology Section, Intramural Research Program, NIDA, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
| | - Colline Poirier
- Biosciences Institute & Centre for Behaviour and Evolution, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, United Kingdom.
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30
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Phillips JM, Kambi NA, Redinbaugh MJ, Mohanta S, Saalmann YB. Disentangling the influences of multiple thalamic nuclei on prefrontal cortex and cognitive control. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 128:487-510. [PMID: 34216654 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The prefrontal cortex (PFC) has a complex relationship with the thalamus, involving many nuclei which occupy predominantly medial zones along its anterior-to-posterior extent. Thalamocortical neurons in most of these nuclei are modulated by the affective and cognitive signals which funnel through the basal ganglia. We review how PFC-connected thalamic nuclei likely contribute to all aspects of cognitive control: from the processing of information on internal states and goals, facilitating its interactions with mnemonic information and learned values of stimuli and actions, to their influence on high-level cognitive processes, attentional allocation and goal-directed behavior. This includes contributions to transformations such as rule-to-choice (parvocellular mediodorsal nucleus), value-to-choice (magnocellular mediodorsal nucleus), mnemonic-to-choice (anteromedial nucleus) and sensory-to-choice (medial pulvinar). Common mechanisms appear to be thalamic modulation of cortical gain and cortico-cortical functional connectivity. The anatomy also implies a unique role for medial PFC in modulating processing in thalamocortical circuits involving other orbital and lateral PFC regions. We further discuss how cortico-basal ganglia circuits may provide a mechanism through which PFC controls cortico-cortical functional connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Phillips
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1202 W Johnson St., Madison, WI 53706, United States.
| | - Niranjan A Kambi
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1202 W Johnson St., Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - Michelle J Redinbaugh
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1202 W Johnson St., Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - Sounak Mohanta
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1202 W Johnson St., Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - Yuri B Saalmann
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1202 W Johnson St., Madison, WI 53706, United States; Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1202 Capitol Ct., Madison, WI 53715, United States.
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31
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Tutukova S, Tarabykin V, Hernandez-Miranda LR. The Role of Neurod Genes in Brain Development, Function, and Disease. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:662774. [PMID: 34177462 PMCID: PMC8221396 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.662774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcriptional regulation is essential for the correct functioning of cells during development and in postnatal life. The basic Helix-loop-Helix (bHLH) superfamily of transcription factors is well conserved throughout evolution and plays critical roles in tissue development and tissue maintenance. A subgroup of this family, called neural lineage bHLH factors, is critical in the development and function of the central nervous system. In this review, we will focus on the function of one subgroup of neural lineage bHLH factors, the Neurod family. The Neurod family has four members: Neurod1, Neurod2, Neurod4, and Neurod6. Available evidence shows that these four factors are key during the development of the cerebral cortex but also in other regions of the central nervous system, such as the cerebellum, the brainstem, and the spinal cord. We will also discuss recent reports that link the dysfunction of these transcription factors to neurological disorders in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Tutukova
- Institute of Neuroscience, Lobachevsky University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.,Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute for Cell- and Neurobiology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Victor Tarabykin
- Institute of Neuroscience, Lobachevsky University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.,Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute for Cell- and Neurobiology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Luis R Hernandez-Miranda
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute for Cell- and Neurobiology, Berlin, Germany
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32
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Barazesh M, Mohammadi S, Bahrami Y, Mokarram P, Morowvat MH, Saidijam M, Karimipoor M, Kavousipour S, Vosoughi AR, Khanaki K. CRISPR/Cas9 Technology as a Modern Genetic Manipulation Tool for Recapitulating of Neurodegenerative Disorders in Large Animal Models. Curr Gene Ther 2021; 21:130-148. [PMID: 33319680 DOI: 10.2174/1566523220666201214115024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurodegenerative diseases are often the consequence of alterations in structures and functions of the Central Nervous System (CNS) in patients. Despite obtaining massive genomic information concerning the molecular basis of these diseases and since the neurological disorders are multifactorial, causal connections between pathological pathways at the molecular level and CNS disorders development have remained obscure and need to be elucidated to a great extent. OBJECTIVE Animal models serve as accessible and valuable tools for understanding and discovering the roles of causative factors in the development of neurodegenerative disorders and finding appropriate treatments. Contrary to rodents and other small animals, large animals, especially non-human primates (NHPs), are remarkably similar to humans; hence, they establish suitable models for recapitulating the main human's neuropathological manifestations that may not be seen in rodent models. In addition, they serve as useful models to discover effective therapeutic targets for neurodegenerative disorders due to their similarity to humans in terms of physiology, evolutionary distance, anatomy, and behavior. METHODS In this review, we recommend different strategies based on the CRISPR-Cas9 system for generating animal models of human neurodegenerative disorders and explaining in vivo CRISPR-Cas9 delivery procedures that are applied to disease models for therapeutic purposes. RESULTS With the emergence of CRISPR/Cas9 as a modern specific gene-editing technology in the field of genetic engineering, genetic modification procedures such as gene knock-in and knock-out have become increasingly easier compared to traditional gene targeting techniques. Unlike the old techniques, this versatile technology can efficiently generate transgenic large animal models without the need to complicate lab instruments. Hence, these animals can accurately replicate the signs of neurodegenerative disorders. CONCLUSION Preclinical applications of CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing technology supply a unique opportunity to establish animal models of neurodegenerative disorders with high accuracy and facilitate perspectives for breakthroughs in the research on the nervous system disease therapy and drug discovery. Furthermore, the useful outcomes of CRISPR applications in various clinical phases are hopeful for their translation to the clinic in a short time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Barazesh
- School of Paramedical, Gerash University of Medical Sciences, Gerash, Iran
| | - Shiva Mohammadi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khoram Abad, Iran
| | - Yadollah Bahrami
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Pooneh Mokarram
- Autophagy Research center, Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Massoud Saidijam
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Morteza Karimipoor
- Molecular Medicine Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soudabeh Kavousipour
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Amir Reza Vosoughi
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Korosh Khanaki
- Medical Biotechnology Research Center, Paramedicine Faculty, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
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33
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Hayashi T, Hou Y, Glasser MF, Autio JA, Knoblauch K, Inoue-Murayama M, Coalson T, Yacoub E, Smith S, Kennedy H, Van Essen DC. The nonhuman primate neuroimaging and neuroanatomy project. Neuroimage 2021; 229:117726. [PMID: 33484849 PMCID: PMC8079967 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.117726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Multi-modal neuroimaging projects such as the Human Connectome Project (HCP) and UK Biobank are advancing our understanding of human brain architecture, function, connectivity, and their variability across individuals using high-quality non-invasive data from many subjects. Such efforts depend upon the accuracy of non-invasive brain imaging measures. However, 'ground truth' validation of connectivity using invasive tracers is not feasible in humans. Studies using nonhuman primates (NHPs) enable comparisons between invasive and non-invasive measures, including exploration of how "functional connectivity" from fMRI and "tractographic connectivity" from diffusion MRI compare with long-distance connections measured using tract tracing. Our NonHuman Primate Neuroimaging & Neuroanatomy Project (NHP_NNP) is an international effort (6 laboratories in 5 countries) to: (i) acquire and analyze high-quality multi-modal brain imaging data of macaque and marmoset monkeys using protocols and methods adapted from the HCP; (ii) acquire quantitative invasive tract-tracing data for cortical and subcortical projections to cortical areas; and (iii) map the distributions of different brain cell types with immunocytochemical stains to better define brain areal boundaries. We are acquiring high-resolution structural, functional, and diffusion MRI data together with behavioral measures from over 100 individual macaques and marmosets in order to generate non-invasive measures of brain architecture such as myelin and cortical thickness maps, as well as functional and diffusion tractography-based connectomes. We are using classical and next-generation anatomical tracers to generate quantitative connectivity maps based on brain-wide counting of labeled cortical and subcortical neurons, providing ground truth measures of connectivity. Advanced statistical modeling techniques address the consistency of both kinds of data across individuals, allowing comparison of tracer-based and non-invasive MRI-based connectivity measures. We aim to develop improved cortical and subcortical areal atlases by combining histological and imaging methods. Finally, we are collecting genetic and sociality-associated behavioral data in all animals in an effort to understand how genetic variation shapes the connectome and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Hayashi
- Laboratory for Brain Connectomics Imaging, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 6-7-3 MI R&D Center 3F, Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan; Department of Neurobiology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yujie Hou
- Inserm, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute U1208, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Bron, France
| | - Matthew F Glasser
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University Medical School, St Louis, MO USA; Department of Neuroscience and Radiology, Washington University Medical School, St Louis, MO USA
| | - Joonas A Autio
- Laboratory for Brain Connectomics Imaging, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 6-7-3 MI R&D Center 3F, Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Kenneth Knoblauch
- Inserm, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute U1208, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Bron, France
| | | | - Tim Coalson
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University Medical School, St Louis, MO USA
| | - Essa Yacoub
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Stephen Smith
- Oxford Centre for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain (FMRIB), Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - Henry Kennedy
- Inserm, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute U1208, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Bron, France; Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, CAS, Shanghai, China
| | - David C Van Essen
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University Medical School, St Louis, MO USA
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34
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Mitchell AS, Hartig R, Basso MA, Jarrett W, Kastner S, Poirier C. International primate neuroscience research regulation, public engagement and transparency opportunities. Neuroimage 2021; 229:117700. [PMID: 33418072 PMCID: PMC7994292 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Scientific excellence is a necessity for progress in biomedical research. As research becomes ever more international, establishing international collaborations will be key to advancing our scientific knowledge. Understanding the similarities in standards applied by different nations to animal research, and where the differences might lie, is crucial. Cultural differences and societal values will also contribute to these similarities and differences between countries and continents. Our overview is not comprehensive for all species, but rather focuses on non-human primate (NHP) research, involving New World marmosets and Old World macaques, conducted in countries where NHPs are involved in neuroimaging research. Here, an overview of the ethics and regulations is provided to help assess welfare standards amongst primate research institutions. A comparative examination of these standards was conducted to provide a basis for establishing a common set of standards for animal welfare. These criteria may serve to develop international guidelines, which can be managed by an International Animal Welfare and Use Committee (IAWUC). Internationally, scientists have a moral responsibility to ensure excellent care and welfare of their animals, which in turn, influences the quality of their research. When working with animal models, maintaining a high quality of care ("culture of care") and welfare is essential. The transparent promotion of this level of care and welfare, along with the results of the research and its impact, may reduce public concerns associated with animal experiments in neuroscience research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna S Mitchell
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | - Renée Hartig
- Centre for Integrative Neurosciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Michele A Basso
- Fuster Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences UCLA Los Angeles 90095, CA United States
| | - Wendy Jarrett
- Understanding Animal Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sabine Kastner
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute & Department of Psychology, Princeton University, Princeton, United States
| | - Colline Poirier
- Biosciences Institute & Centre for Behaviour and Evolution, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, United Kingdom
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Li H, Yao YG, Hu XT. Biological implications and limitations of a cynomolgus monkey with naturally occurring Parkinson's disease. Zool Res 2021; 42:138-140. [PMID: 33554486 PMCID: PMC7995283 DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2021.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently identified a cynomolgus monkey with naturally occurring Parkinson's disease (PD), indicating that PD may not be a uniquely human disease (Li et al, 2020). In our previous study, four lines of evidence, including typical PD clinical symptoms, pharmacological responses, pathological hallmarks, and genetic mutations, strongly supported the identification of a monkey with spontaneous PD (Figure 1). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of naturally developed PD in animals. This suggests that PD is not a disease restricted to humans, with its existence in a non-human primate providing a novel evolutionary angle for understanding PD. As a close relative to humans (Buffalo et al, 2019; Phillips et al, 2014; Yan et al, 2011), this rare case of PD in another primate species provides solid evidence that monkeys are ideal candidates for the development of a genuine "animal version of PD", with conserved etiology and pathogenesis (Li et al, 2020). Furthermore, it allows us to compare similarities and differences in PD development between species and to understand PD pathogenesis from an evolutionary point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
- National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, and National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650107, China
| | - Yong-Gang Yao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
- National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, and National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650107, China
- Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China. E-mail:
| | - Xin-Tian Hu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
- National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, and National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650107, China
- Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China. E-mail:
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Wild B, Treue S. Primate extrastriate cortical area MST: a gateway between sensation and cognition. J Neurophysiol 2021; 125:1851-1882. [PMID: 33656951 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00384.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Primate visual cortex consists of dozens of distinct brain areas, each providing a highly specialized component to the sophisticated task of encoding the incoming sensory information and creating a representation of our visual environment that underlies our perception and action. One such area is the medial superior temporal cortex (MST), a motion-sensitive, direction-selective part of the primate visual cortex. It receives most of its input from the middle temporal (MT) area, but MST cells have larger receptive fields and respond to more complex motion patterns. The finding that MST cells are tuned for optic flow patterns has led to the suggestion that the area plays an important role in the perception of self-motion. This hypothesis has received further support from studies showing that some MST cells also respond selectively to vestibular cues. Furthermore, the area is part of a network that controls the planning and execution of smooth pursuit eye movements and its activity is modulated by cognitive factors, such as attention and working memory. This review of more than 90 studies focuses on providing clarity of the heterogeneous findings on MST in the macaque cortex and its putative homolog in the human cortex. From this analysis of the unique anatomical and functional position in the hierarchy of areas and processing steps in primate visual cortex, MST emerges as a gateway between perception, cognition, and action planning. Given this pivotal role, this area represents an ideal model system for the transition from sensation to cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedict Wild
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Goettingen, Germany.,Goettingen Graduate Center for Neurosciences, Biophysics, and Molecular Biosciences (GGNB), University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Treue
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Goettingen, Germany.,Faculty of Biology and Psychology, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany.,Leibniz-ScienceCampus Primate Cognition, Goettingen, Germany.,Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, Goettingen, Germany
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Basso MA, Frey S, Guerriero KA, Jarraya B, Kastner S, Koyano KW, Leopold DA, Murphy K, Poirier C, Pope W, Silva AC, Tansey G, Uhrig L. Using non-invasive neuroimaging to enhance the care, well-being and experimental outcomes of laboratory non-human primates (monkeys). Neuroimage 2021; 228:117667. [PMID: 33359353 PMCID: PMC8005297 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past 10-20 years, neuroscience witnessed an explosion in the use of non-invasive imaging methods, particularly magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), to study brain structure and function. Simultaneously, with access to MRI in many research institutions, MRI has become an indispensable tool for researchers and veterinarians to guide improvements in surgical procedures and implants and thus, experimental as well as clinical outcomes, given that access to MRI also allows for improved diagnosis and monitoring for brain disease. As part of the PRIMEatE Data Exchange, we gathered expert scientists, veterinarians, and clinicians who treat humans, to provide an overview of the use of non-invasive imaging tools, primarily MRI, to enhance experimental and welfare outcomes for laboratory non-human primates engaged in neuroscientific experiments. We aimed to provide guidance for other researchers, scientists and veterinarians in the use of this powerful imaging technology as well as to foster a larger conversation and community of scientists and veterinarians with a shared goal of improving the well-being and experimental outcomes for laboratory animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Basso
- Fuster Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences UCLA Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
| | - S Frey
- Rogue Research, Inc. Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - K A Guerriero
- Washington National Primate Research Center University of Washington Seattle, WA USA
| | - B Jarraya
- Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, INSERM, CEA, NeuroSpin center, 91191 Gif/Yvette, France; Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Foch hospital, Paris, France
| | - S Kastner
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute & Department of Psychology Princeton University Princeton, NJ USA
| | - K W Koyano
- National Institute of Mental Health NIH Bethesda MD 20892 USA
| | - D A Leopold
- National Institute of Mental Health NIH Bethesda MD 20892 USA
| | - K Murphy
- Biosciences Institute and Centre for Behaviour and Evolution, Faculty of Medical Sciences Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH United Kingdom UK
| | - C Poirier
- Biosciences Institute and Centre for Behaviour and Evolution, Faculty of Medical Sciences Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH United Kingdom UK
| | - W Pope
- Department of Radiology UCLA Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - A C Silva
- Department of Neurobiology University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA 15261 USA
| | - G Tansey
- National Eye Institute NIH Bethesda MD 20892 USA
| | - L Uhrig
- Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, INSERM, CEA, NeuroSpin center, 91191 Gif/Yvette, France
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Garcia-Saldivar P, Garimella A, Garza-Villarreal EA, Mendez FA, Concha L, Merchant H. PREEMACS: Pipeline for preprocessing and extraction of the macaque brain surface. Neuroimage 2020; 227:117671. [PMID: 33359348 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Accurate extraction of the cortical brain surface is critical for cortical thickness estimation and a key element to perform multimodal imaging analysis, where different metrics are integrated and compared in a common space. While brain surface extraction has become widespread practice in human studies, several challenges unique to neuroimaging of non-human primates (NHP) have hindered its adoption for the study of macaques. Although, some of these difficulties can be addressed at the acquisition stage, several common artifacts can be minimized through image preprocessing. Likewise, there are several image analysis pipelines for human MRIs, but very few automated methods for extraction of cortical surfaces have been reported for NHPs and none have been tested on data from diverse sources. We present PREEMACS, a pipeline that standardizes the preprocessing of structural MRI images (T1- and T2-weighted) and carries out an automatic surface extraction of the macaque brain. Building upon and extending pre-existing tools, the first module performs volume orientation, image cropping, intensity non-uniformity correction, and volume averaging, before skull-stripping through a convolutional neural network. The second module performs quality control using an adaptation of MRIqc method to extract objective quality metrics that are then used to determine the likelihood of accurate brain surface estimation. The third and final module estimates the white matter (wm) and pial surfaces from the T1-weighted volume (T1w) using an NHP customized version of FreeSurfer aided by the T2-weighted volumes (T2w). To evaluate the generalizability of PREEMACS, we tested the pipeline using 57 T1w/T2w NHP volumes acquired at 11 different sites from the PRIME-DE public dataset. Results showed an accurate and robust automatic brain surface extraction from images that passed the quality control segment of our pipeline. This work offers a robust, efficient and generalizable pipeline for the automatic standardization of MRI surface analysis on NHP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Garcia-Saldivar
- Institute of Neurobiology, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla. Blvd. Juriquilla, 3001 Querétaro, Querétaro, México
| | - Arun Garimella
- Institute of Neurobiology, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla. Blvd. Juriquilla, 3001 Querétaro, Querétaro, México; International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Eduardo A Garza-Villarreal
- Institute of Neurobiology, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla. Blvd. Juriquilla, 3001 Querétaro, Querétaro, México
| | - Felipe A Mendez
- Institute of Neurobiology, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla. Blvd. Juriquilla, 3001 Querétaro, Querétaro, México
| | - Luis Concha
- Institute of Neurobiology, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla. Blvd. Juriquilla, 3001 Querétaro, Querétaro, México.
| | - Hugo Merchant
- Institute of Neurobiology, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla. Blvd. Juriquilla, 3001 Querétaro, Querétaro, México.
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Lacreuse A, Raz N, Schmidtke D, Hopkins WD, Herndon JG. Age-related decline in executive function as a hallmark of cognitive ageing in primates: an overview of cognitive and neurobiological studies. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020; 375:20190618. [PMID: 32951543 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Executive function (EF) is a complex construct that reflects multiple higher-order cognitive processes such as planning, updating, inhibiting and set-shifting. Decline in these functions is a hallmark of cognitive ageing in humans, and age differences and changes in EF correlate with age-related differences and changes in association cortices, particularly the prefrontal areas. Here, we review evidence for age-related decline in EF and associated neurobiological changes in prosimians, New World and Old World monkeys, apes and humans. While EF declines with age in all primate species studied, the relationship of this decline with age-related alterations in the prefrontal cortex remains unclear, owing to the scarcity of neurobiological studies focusing on the ageing brain in most primate species. In addition, the influence of sex, vascular and metabolic risk, and hormonal status has rarely been considered. We outline several methodological limitations and challenges with the goal of producing a comprehensive integration of cognitive and neurobiological data across species and elucidating how ageing shapes neurocognitive trajectories in primates with different life histories, lifespans and brain architectures. Such comparative investigations are critical for fostering translational research and understanding healthy and pathological ageing in our own species. This article is part of the theme issue 'Evolution of the primate ageing process'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnès Lacreuse
- Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Tobin Hall, 135 Hicks Way, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Naftali Raz
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.,Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Schmidtke
- University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - William D Hopkins
- Keeling Center for Comparative Medicine and Research, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, TX, USA
| | - James G Herndon
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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40
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Zhang J, Luo RC, Man XY, Lv LB, Yao YG, Zheng M. The anatomy of the skin of the Chinese tree shrew is very similar to that of human skin. Zool Res 2020; 41:208-212. [PMID: 32135581 PMCID: PMC7109020 DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2020.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Rong-Can Luo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Xiao-Yong Man
- Department of Dermatology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Long-Bao Lv
- Kunming Primate Research Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Yong-Gang Yao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China.,Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, China.,Kunming Primate Research Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China.,KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China. E-mail:
| | - Min Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China. E-mail:
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Simmons JB, Turner RS, Horton JC. Long-term labeling of microelectrode tracks with fluorescent latex microspheres. J Neurosci Methods 2020; 343:108839. [PMID: 32621915 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2020.108839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND After physiological recordings are performed in behaving animals, it is valuable to identify microelectrode tracks in histological sections so that neuronal responses can be correlated with brain anatomy. However, no good method currently exists for long-term labeling, so that microelectrode tracks can be recovered months or even years after recording sessions. NEW METHOD Penetrations were made into the brains of mice with microelectrodes coated with fluorescent dyes packaged into 0.2 μm polystyrene microspheres, followed by survival periods of 3 days, 2, 4, or 6 months. Sections were examined by fluorescence microscopy before and after cytochrome oxidase histochemistry to identify microelectrode tracks. RESULTS After all 4 survival periods, 0.2 μm fluorescent microspheres clearly marked the tracks of microelectrode penetrations. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS Fluorescent microspheres label microelectrode penetrations for longer than do fluorescent lipophilic dyes, such as FM 1-43FX. The label appears punctate, and resistant to degradation, because it is protected by the barrier of the polystyrene micro-container. CONCLUSIONS Coating of microelectrodes with fluorescent microspheres allows one to identify the penetration track in histological sections half a year later. This technique may be useful when electrophysiological recording sessions are being carried out in behaving animals, with plans to identify electrode tracks in histological sections many months later.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua B Simmons
- Department of Ophthalmology, Program in Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Robert S Turner
- Department of Neurobiology, Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Jonathan C Horton
- Department of Ophthalmology, Program in Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
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