1
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Liu W, Jiang J, Li Z, Xiao Y, Zhou S, Wang D, Zou Y, Liu T, Li K, Liang H, Wang N, Xiang X, Xie Q, Zhan R, Zhang J, Zhou X, Yang L, Chuong CM, Lei M. Energy competition remodels the metabolic glucose landscape of psoriatic epidermal cells. Theranostics 2024; 14:3339-3357. [PMID: 38855186 PMCID: PMC11155411 DOI: 10.7150/thno.93764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Skin cells actively metabolize nutrients to ensure cell proliferation and differentiation. Psoriasis is an immune-disorder-related skin disease with hyperproliferation in epidermal keratinocytes and is increasingly recognized to be associated with metabolic disturbance. However, the metabolic adaptations and underlying mechanisms of epidermal hyperproliferation in psoriatic skin remain largely unknown. Here, we explored the role of metabolic competition in epidermal cell proliferation and differentiation in psoriatic skin. Methods: Bulk- and single-cell RNA-sequencing, spatial transcriptomics, and glucose uptake experiments were used to analyze the metabolic differences in epidermal cells in psoriasis. Functional validation in vivo and in vitro was done using imiquimod-like mouse models and inflammatory organoid models. Results: We observed the highly proliferative basal cells in psoriasis act as the winners of the metabolic competition to uptake glucose from suprabasal cells. Using single-cell metabolic analysis, we found that the "winner cells" promote OXPHOS pathway upregulation by COX7B and lead to increased ROS through glucose metabolism, thereby promoting the hyperproliferation of basal cells in psoriasis. Also, to prevent toxic damage from ROS, basal cells activate the glutathione metabolic pathway to increase their antioxidant capacity to assist in psoriasis progression. We further found that COX7B promotes psoriasis development by modulating the activity of the PPAR signaling pathway by bulk RNA-seq analysis. We also observed glucose starvation and high expression of SLC7A11 that causes suprabasal cell disulfide stress and affects the actin cytoskeleton, leading to immature differentiation of suprabasal cells in psoriatic skin. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates the essential role of cellular metabolic competition for skin tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education & 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Jingwei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education & 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Zeming Li
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education & 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Yang Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education & 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Siyi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education & 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Dehuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education & 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Yi Zou
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education & 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Tiantian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education & 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Ke Li
- Shenzhen Accompany Technology Cooperation, ltd, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Huan Liang
- Shenzhen Accompany Technology Cooperation, ltd, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Nian'ou Wang
- Shenzhen Accompany Technology Cooperation, ltd, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Xiao Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education & 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Qiaoli Xie
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education & 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Rixing Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jinwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education & 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
- Department of Dermatology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing 401147, China
| | - Xun Zhou
- Department of Dermatology and Cosmetology, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 400021, China
| | - Li Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education & 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Cheng-Ming Chuong
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA
| | - Mingxing Lei
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education & 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
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2
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Pflug FG, Haendeler S, Esk C, Lindenhofer D, Knoblich JA, von Haeseler A. Neutral competition explains the clonal composition of neural organoids. PLoS Comput Biol 2024; 20:e1012054. [PMID: 38648250 PMCID: PMC11065252 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1012054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Neural organoids model the development of the human brain and are an indispensable tool for studying neurodevelopment. Whole-organoid lineage tracing has revealed the number of progenies arising from each initial stem cell to be highly diverse, with lineage sizes ranging from one to more than 20,000 cells. This high variability exceeds what can be explained by existing stochastic models of corticogenesis and indicates the existence of an additional source of stochasticity. To explain this variability, we introduce the SAN model which distinguishes Symmetrically diving, Asymmetrically dividing, and Non-proliferating cells. In the SAN model, the additional source of stochasticity is the survival time of a lineage's pool of symmetrically dividing cells. These survival times result from neutral competition within the sub-population of all symmetrically dividing cells. We demonstrate that our model explains the experimentally observed variability of lineage sizes and derive the quantitative relationship between survival time and lineage size. We also show that our model implies the existence of a regulatory mechanism which keeps the size of the symmetrically dividing cell population constant. Our results provide quantitative insight into the clonal composition of neural organoids and how it arises. This is relevant for many applications of neural organoids, and similar processes may occur in other developing tissues both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian G. Pflug
- Biological Complexity Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST), Onna, Okinawa, Japan
- Center for Integrative Bioinformatics Vienna (CIBIV), Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Simon Haendeler
- Center for Integrative Bioinformatics Vienna (CIBIV), Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Biocenter (VBC) PhD Program, a Doctoral School of the University of Vienna and the Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christopher Esk
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Science (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Dominik Lindenhofer
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Science (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
- Genome Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen A. Knoblich
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Science (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Arndt von Haeseler
- Center for Integrative Bioinformatics Vienna (CIBIV), Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
- Faculty of Computer Science Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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3
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Kok RNU, Tans SJ, van Zon JS. Minimizing cell number fluctuations in self-renewing tissues with a stem-cell niche. Phys Rev E 2023; 108:064403. [PMID: 38243426 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.108.064403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Self-renewing tissues require that a constant number of proliferating cells is maintained over time. This maintenance can be ensured at the single-cell level or the population level. Maintenance at the population level leads to fluctuations in the number of proliferating cells over time. Often, it is assumed that those fluctuations can be reduced by increasing the number of asymmetric divisions, i.e., divisions where only one of the daughter cells remains proliferative. Here, we study a model of cell proliferation that incorporates a stem-cell niche of fixed size, and explicitly model the cells inside and outside the niche. We find that in this model, fluctuations are minimized when the difference in growth rate between the niche and the rest of the tissue is maximized and all divisions are symmetric divisions, producing either two proliferating or two nonproliferating daughters. We show that this optimal state leaves visible signatures in clone size distributions and could thus be detected experimentally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rutger N U Kok
- Autonomous Matter, AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sander J Tans
- Autonomous Matter, AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen S van Zon
- Autonomous Matter, AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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4
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Kiselev EI, Pflug F, von Haeseler A. Critical Growth of Cerebral Tissue in Organoids: Theory and Experiments. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:178402. [PMID: 37955473 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.178402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
We develop a Fokker-Planck theory of tissue growth with three types of cells (symmetrically dividing, asymmetrically dividing, and nondividing) as main agents to study the growth dynamics of human cerebral organoids. Fitting the theory to lineage tracing data obtained in next generation sequencing experiments, we show that the growth of cerebral organoids is a critical process. We derive analytical expressions describing the time evolution of clonal lineage sizes and show how power-law distributions arise in the limit of long times due to the vanishing of a characteristic growth scale. We discuss that the independence of critical growth on initial conditions could be biologically advantageous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Egor I Kiselev
- Center for Integrative Bioinformatics Vienna (CIBIV), Max Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna Bio Center (VBC), 1030 Vienna, Austria
- Physics Department, Technion, 320003 Haifa, Israel
| | - Florian Pflug
- Center for Integrative Bioinformatics Vienna (CIBIV), Max Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna Bio Center (VBC), 1030 Vienna, Austria
- Biological Complexity Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Arndt von Haeseler
- Center for Integrative Bioinformatics Vienna (CIBIV), Max Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna Bio Center (VBC), 1030 Vienna, Austria
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Faculty of Computer Science, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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5
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Abstract
Organ development and homeostasis involve dynamic interactions between individual cells that collectively regulate tissue architecture and function. To ensure the highest tissue fidelity, equally fit cell populations are continuously renewed by stochastic replacement events, while cells perceived as less fit are actively removed by their fitter counterparts. This renewal is mediated by surveillance mechanisms that are collectively known as cell competition. Recent studies have revealed that cell competition has roles in most, if not all, developing and adult tissues. They have also established that cell competition functions both as a tumour-suppressive mechanism and as a tumour-promoting mechanism, thereby critically influencing cancer initiation and development. This Review discusses the latest insights into the mechanisms of cell competition and its different roles during embryonic development, homeostasis and cancer.
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6
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Hannezo E, Scheele CLGJ. A Guide Toward Multi-scale and Quantitative Branching Analysis in the Mammary Gland. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2608:183-205. [PMID: 36653709 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2887-4_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The mammary gland consists of a bilayered epithelial structure with an extensively branched morphology. The majority of this epithelial tree is laid down during puberty, during which actively proliferating terminal end buds repeatedly elongate and bifurcate to form the basic structure of the ductal tree. Mammary ducts consist of a basal and luminal cell layer with a multitude of identified sub-lineages within both layers. The understanding of how these different cell lineages are cooperatively driving branching morphogenesis is a problem of crossing multiple scales, as this requires information on the macroscopic branched structure of the gland, as well as data on single-cell dynamics driving the morphogenic program. Here we describe a method to combine genetic lineage tracing with whole-gland branching analysis. Quantitative data on the global organ structure can be used to derive a model for mammary gland branching morphogenesis and provide a backbone on which the dynamics of individual cell lineages can be simulated and compared to lineage-tracing approaches. Eventually, these quantitative models and experiments allow to understand the couplings between the macroscopic shape of the mammary gland and the underlying single-cell dynamics driving branching morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edouard Hannezo
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST), Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Colinda L G J Scheele
- VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium. .,Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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7
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Role of Wnt signaling in the maintenance and regeneration of the intestinal epithelium. Curr Top Dev Biol 2023; 153:281-326. [PMID: 36967198 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium plays a key role in digestion and protection against external pathogens. This tissue presents a high cellular turnover with the epithelium being completely renewed every 5days, driven by intestinal stem cells (ISCs) residing in the crypt bases. To sustain this dynamic renewal of the intestinal epithelium, the maintenance, proliferation, and differentiation of ISCs must be precisely controlled. One of the central pathways supporting ISC maintenance and dynamics is the Wnt pathway. In this chapter, we examine the role of Wnt signaling in intestinal epithelial homeostasis and tissue regeneration, including mechanisms regulating ISC identity and fine-tuning of Wnt pathway activation. We extensively discuss the contribution of the stem cell niche in maintaining Wnt signaling in the intestinal crypts that support ISC functions. The integration of these findings highlights the complex interplay of multiple niche signals and cellular components sustaining ISC behavior and maintenance, which together supports the immense plasticity of the intestinal epithelium.
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8
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Madan E, Palma AM, Vudatha V, Trevino JG, Natarajan KN, Winn RA, Won KJ, Graham TA, Drapkin R, McDonald SAC, Fisher PB, Gogna R. Cell Competition in Carcinogenesis. Cancer Res 2022; 82:4487-4496. [PMID: 36214625 PMCID: PMC9976200 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-22-2217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The majority of human cancers evolve over time through the stepwise accumulation of somatic mutations followed by clonal selection akin to Darwinian evolution. However, the in-depth mechanisms that govern clonal dynamics and selection remain elusive, particularly during the earliest stages of tissue transformation. Cell competition (CC), often referred to as 'survival of the fittest' at the cellular level, results in the elimination of less fit cells by their more fit neighbors supporting optimal organism health and function. Alternatively, CC may allow an uncontrolled expansion of super-fit cancer cells to outcompete their less fit neighbors thereby fueling tumorigenesis. Recent research discussed herein highlights the various non-cell-autonomous principles, including interclonal competition and cancer microenvironment competition supporting the ability of a tumor to progress from the initial stages to tissue colonization. In addition, we extend current insights from CC-mediated clonal interactions and selection in normal tissues to better comprehend those factors that contribute to cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esha Madan
- Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, 1400-038 Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Vignesh Vudatha
- Department of Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Jose G. Trevino
- Department of Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
- VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | | | - Robert A. Winn
- VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Kyoung Jae Won
- Department of Computational Biomedicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Trevor A. Graham
- Evolution and Cancer Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Genomics and Computational Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, U.K
| | - Ronny Drapkin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Stuart AC. McDonald
- Clonal Dynamics in Epithelia Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Genomics and Computational Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square. London, EC1M 6BQ UK
| | - Paul B. Fisher
- VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
- VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Rajan Gogna
- VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
- VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
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9
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Dang Y, Rulands S. Making sense of fragmentation and merging in lineage tracing experiments. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1054476. [PMID: 36589749 PMCID: PMC9794873 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1054476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lineage tracing experiments give dynamic information on the functional behaviour of dividing cells. These experiments therefore have become an important tool for studying stem and progenitor cell fate behavior in vivo. When cell proliferation is high or the frequency of induced clones cannot be precisely controlled, the merging and fragmentation of clones renders the retrospective interpretation of clonal fate data highly ambiguous, potentially leading to unguarded interpretations about lineage relationships and fate behaviour. Here, we discuss and generalize statistical strategies to detect, resolve and make use of clonal fragmentation and merging. We first explain how to detect the rates of clonal fragmentation and merging using simple statistical estimates. We then discuss ways to restore the clonal provenance of labelled cells algorithmically and statistically and elaborate on how the process of clonal fragmentation can indirectly inform about cell fate. We generalize and extend results from the context of their original publication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiteng Dang
- Max-Planck-Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany,Center for Systems Biology Dresden, Dresden, Germany,Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Steffen Rulands
- Max-Planck-Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany,Center for Systems Biology Dresden, Dresden, Germany,Arnold-Sommerfeld-Center for Theoretical Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany,*Correspondence: Steffen Rulands,
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10
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Corominas-Murtra B, Hannezo E. Modelling the dynamics of mammalian gut homeostasis. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2022:S1084-9521(22)00317-2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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11
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Huelsz-Prince G, Kok RNU, Goos Y, Bruens L, Zheng X, Ellenbroek S, Van Rheenen J, Tans S, van Zon JS. Mother cells control daughter cell proliferation in intestinal organoids to minimize proliferation fluctuations. eLife 2022; 11:80682. [PMID: 36445322 PMCID: PMC9708068 DOI: 10.7554/elife.80682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
During renewal of the intestine, cells are continuously generated by proliferation. Proliferation and differentiation must be tightly balanced, as any bias toward proliferation results in uncontrolled exponential growth. Yet, the inherently stochastic nature of cells raises the question how such fluctuations are limited. We used time-lapse microscopy to track all cells in crypts of growing mouse intestinal organoids for multiple generations, allowing full reconstruction of the underlying lineage dynamics in space and time. Proliferative behavior was highly symmetric between sister cells, with both sisters either jointly ceasing or continuing proliferation. Simulations revealed that such symmetric proliferative behavior minimizes cell number fluctuations, explaining our observation that proliferating cell number remained constant even as crypts increased in size considerably. Proliferative symmetry did not reflect positional symmetry but rather lineage control through the mother cell. Our results indicate a concrete mechanism to balance proliferation and differentiation with minimal fluctuations that may be broadly relevant for other tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lotte Bruens
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Oncode Institute, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amterdam, Netherlands
| | - Xuan Zheng
- AMOLF, Science Park, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Saskia Ellenbroek
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Oncode Institute, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jacco Van Rheenen
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Oncode Institute, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amterdam, Netherlands
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12
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Scheele CLGJ, Herrmann D, Yamashita E, Celso CL, Jenne CN, Oktay MH, Entenberg D, Friedl P, Weigert R, Meijboom FLB, Ishii M, Timpson P, van Rheenen J. Multiphoton intravital microscopy of rodents. NATURE REVIEWS. METHODS PRIMERS 2022; 2:89. [PMID: 37621948 PMCID: PMC10449057 DOI: 10.1038/s43586-022-00168-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Tissues are heterogeneous with respect to cellular and non-cellular components and in the dynamic interactions between these elements. To study the behaviour and fate of individual cells in these complex tissues, intravital microscopy (IVM) techniques such as multiphoton microscopy have been developed to visualize intact and live tissues at cellular and subcellular resolution. IVM experiments have revealed unique insights into the dynamic interplay between different cell types and their local environment, and how this drives morphogenesis and homeostasis of tissues, inflammation and immune responses, and the development of various diseases. This Primer introduces researchers to IVM technologies, with a focus on multiphoton microscopy of rodents, and discusses challenges, solutions and practical tips on how to perform IVM. To illustrate the unique potential of IVM, several examples of results are highlighted. Finally, we discuss data reproducibility and how to handle big imaging data sets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colinda L. G. J. Scheele
- Laboratory for Intravital Imaging and Dynamics of Tumor Progression, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - David Herrmann
- Cancer Ecosystems Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Department, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- St. Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Erika Yamashita
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine and Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- WPI-Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Bioimaging and Drug Discovery, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Cristina Lo Celso
- Department of Life Sciences and Centre for Hematology, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Sir Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Craig N. Jenne
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Maja H. Oktay
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Integrated Imaging Program, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - David Entenberg
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Integrated Imaging Program, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Peter Friedl
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- David H. Koch Center for Applied Genitourinary Cancers, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Roberto Weigert
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Franck L. B. Meijboom
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Sustainable Animal Stewardship, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Faculty of Humanities, Ethics Institute, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Masaru Ishii
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine and Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- WPI-Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Bioimaging and Drug Discovery, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Paul Timpson
- Cancer Ecosystems Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Department, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- St. Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jacco van Rheenen
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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13
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García-Tejera R, Schumacher L, Grima R. Regulation of stem cell dynamics through volume exclusion. Proc Math Phys Eng Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2022.0376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The maintenance and regeneration of adult tissues rely on the self-renewal of stem cells. Regeneration without over-proliferation requires precise regulation of the stem cell proliferation and differentiation rates. The nature of such regulatory mechanisms in different tissues, and how to incorporate them in models of stem cell population dynamics, is incompletely understood. The critical birth-death (CBD) process is widely used to model stem cell populations, capturing key phenomena, such as scaling laws in clone size distributions. However, the CBD process neglects regulatory mechanisms. Here, we propose the birth-death process with volume exclusion (vBD), a variation of the birth-death process that considers crowding effects, such as may arise due to limited space in a stem cell niche. While the deterministic rate equations predict a single non-trivial attracting steady state, the master equation predicts extinction and transient distributions of stem cell numbers with three possible behaviours: long-lived quasi-steady state (QSS), and short-lived bimodal or unimodal distributions. In all cases, we approximate solutions to the vBD master equation using a renormalized system-size expansion, QSS approximation and the Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin method. Our study suggests that the size distribution of a stem cell population bears signatures that are useful to detect negative feedback mediated via volume exclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo García-Tejera
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Dr, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Kings Buildings, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JF, UK
| | - Linus Schumacher
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Dr, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Kings Buildings, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JF, UK
| | - Ramon Grima
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Kings Buildings, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JF, UK
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14
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Azkanaz M, Corominas-Murtra B, Ellenbroek SIJ, Bruens L, Webb AT, Laskaris D, Oost KC, Lafirenze SJA, Annusver K, Messal HA, Iqbal S, Flanagan DJ, Huels DJ, Rojas-Rodríguez F, Vizoso M, Kasper M, Sansom OJ, Snippert HJ, Liberali P, Simons BD, Katajisto P, Hannezo E, van Rheenen J. Retrograde movements determine effective stem cell numbers in the intestine. Nature 2022; 607:548-554. [PMID: 35831497 PMCID: PMC7614894 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04962-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The morphology and functionality of the epithelial lining differ along the intestinal tract, but tissue renewal at all sites is driven by stem cells at the base of crypts1-3. Whether stem cell numbers and behaviour vary at different sites is unknown. Here we show using intravital microscopy that, despite similarities in the number and distribution of proliferative cells with an Lgr5 signature in mice, small intestinal crypts contain twice as many effective stem cells as large intestinal crypts. We find that, although passively displaced by a conveyor-belt-like upward movement, small intestinal cells positioned away from the crypt base can function as long-term effective stem cells owing to Wnt-dependent retrograde cellular movement. By contrast, the near absence of retrograde movement in the large intestine restricts cell repositioning, leading to a reduction in effective stem cell number. Moreover, after suppression of the retrograde movement in the small intestine, the number of effective stem cells is reduced, and the rate of monoclonal conversion of crypts is accelerated. Together, these results show that the number of effective stem cells is determined by active retrograde movement, revealing a new channel of stem cell regulation that can be experimentally and pharmacologically manipulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Azkanaz
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bernat Corominas-Murtra
- Institute of Biology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Institute for Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Saskia I J Ellenbroek
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lotte Bruens
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anna T Webb
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology (CMB), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dimitrios Laskaris
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Koen C Oost
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research (FMI), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Simona J A Lafirenze
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Academy of Arts and Sciences, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Karl Annusver
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology (CMB), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hendrik A Messal
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sharif Iqbal
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Molecular and Integrative Bioscience Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Dustin J Flanagan
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David J Huels
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Felipe Rojas-Rodríguez
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Miguel Vizoso
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Kasper
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology (CMB), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Owen J Sansom
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Hugo J Snippert
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Molecular Cancer Research, Centre for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Prisca Liberali
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research (FMI), Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin D Simons
- Wellcome Trust-Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, Centre for Mathematical Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Pekka Katajisto
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology (CMB), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- Molecular and Integrative Bioscience Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Edouard Hannezo
- Institute for Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria.
| | - Jacco van Rheenen
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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15
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Lloyd-Lewis B, Gobbo F, Perkins M, Jacquemin G, Huyghe M, Faraldo MM, Fre S. In vivo imaging of mammary epithelial cell dynamics in response to lineage-biased Wnt/β-catenin activation. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110461. [PMID: 35263603 PMCID: PMC7615182 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Real-time in vivo imaging provides an essential window into the spatiotemporal cellular events contributing to tissue development and pathology. By coupling longitudinal intravital imaging with genetic lineage tracing, here we capture the earliest cellular events arising in response to active Wnt/β-catenin signaling and the ensuing impact on the organization and differentiation of the mammary epithelium. This enables us to interrogate how Wnt/β-catenin regulates the dynamics of distinct subpopulations of mammary epithelial cells in vivo and in real time. We show that β-catenin stabilization, when targeted to either the mammary luminal or basal epithelial lineage, leads to cellular rearrangements that precipitate the formation of hyperplastic lesions that undergo squamous transdifferentiation. These results enhance our understanding of the earliest stages of hyperplastic lesion formation in vivo and reveal that, in mammary neoplastic development, β-catenin activation dictates a hair follicle/epidermal differentiation program independently of the targeted cell of origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethan Lloyd-Lewis
- Institut Curie, Laboratory of Genetics and Developmental Biology, PSL Research University, INSERM U934, CNRS UMR3215, 75248 Paris, France; School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Francesca Gobbo
- Institut Curie, Laboratory of Genetics and Developmental Biology, PSL Research University, INSERM U934, CNRS UMR3215, 75248 Paris, France
| | - Meghan Perkins
- Institut Curie, Laboratory of Genetics and Developmental Biology, PSL Research University, INSERM U934, CNRS UMR3215, 75248 Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Jacquemin
- Institut Curie, Laboratory of Genetics and Developmental Biology, PSL Research University, INSERM U934, CNRS UMR3215, 75248 Paris, France
| | - Mathilde Huyghe
- Institut Curie, Laboratory of Genetics and Developmental Biology, PSL Research University, INSERM U934, CNRS UMR3215, 75248 Paris, France
| | - Marisa M Faraldo
- Institut Curie, Laboratory of Genetics and Developmental Biology, PSL Research University, INSERM U934, CNRS UMR3215, 75248 Paris, France
| | - Silvia Fre
- Institut Curie, Laboratory of Genetics and Developmental Biology, PSL Research University, INSERM U934, CNRS UMR3215, 75248 Paris, France.
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16
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Ramadan R, van Driel MS, Vermeulen L, van Neerven SM. Intestinal stem cell dynamics in homeostasis and cancer. Trends Cancer 2022; 8:416-425. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2022.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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17
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Abstract
A fundamental challenge when studying biological systems is the description of cell state dynamics. During transitions between cell states, a multitude of parameters may change - from the promoters that are active, to the RNAs and proteins that are expressed and modified. Cells can also adopt different shapes, alter their motility and change their reliance on cell-cell junctions or adhesion. These parameters are integral to how a cell behaves and collectively define the state a cell is in. Yet, technical challenges prevent us from measuring all of these parameters simultaneously and dynamically. How, then, can we comprehend cell state transitions using finite descriptions? The recent virtual workshop organised by The Company of Biologists entitled 'Cell State Transitions: Approaches, Experimental Systems and Models' attempted to address this question. Here, we summarise some of the main points that emerged during the workshop's themed discussions. We also present examples of cell state transitions and describe models and systems that are pushing forward our understanding of how cells rewire their state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Mulas
- Wellcome - MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Agathe Chaigne
- MRC, LMCB, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Austin Smith
- Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Kevin J Chalut
- Wellcome - MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK
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18
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Pereira D, Sequeira I. A Scarless Healing Tale: Comparing Homeostasis and Wound Healing of Oral Mucosa With Skin and Oesophagus. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:682143. [PMID: 34381771 PMCID: PMC8350526 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.682143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial tissues are the most rapidly dividing tissues in the body, holding a natural ability for renewal and regeneration. This ability is crucial for survival as epithelia are essential to provide the ultimate barrier against the external environment, protecting the underlying tissues. Tissue stem and progenitor cells are responsible for self-renewal and repair during homeostasis and following injury. Upon wounding, epithelial tissues undergo different phases of haemostasis, inflammation, proliferation and remodelling, often resulting in fibrosis and scarring. In this review, we explore the phenotypic differences between the skin, the oesophagus and the oral mucosa. We discuss the plasticity of these epithelial stem cells and contribution of different fibroblast subpopulations for tissue regeneration and wound healing. While these epithelial tissues share global mechanisms of stem cell behaviour for tissue renewal and regeneration, the oral mucosa is known for its outstanding healing potential with minimal scarring. We aim to provide an updated review of recent studies that combined cell therapy with bioengineering exporting the unique scarless properties of the oral mucosa to improve skin and oesophageal wound healing and to reduce fibrotic tissue formation. These advances open new avenues toward the ultimate goal of achieving scarless wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Inês Sequeira
- Institute of Dentistry, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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19
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Weterings SDC, van Oostrom MJ, Sonnen KF. Building bridges between fields: bringing together development and homeostasis. Development 2021; 148:270964. [PMID: 34279592 PMCID: PMC8326920 DOI: 10.1242/dev.193268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Despite striking parallels between the fields of developmental biology and adult tissue homeostasis, these are disconnected in contemporary research. Although development describes tissue generation and homeostasis describes tissue maintenance, it is the balance between stem cell proliferation and differentiation that coordinates both processes. Upstream signalling regulates this balance to achieve the required outcome at the population level. Both development and homeostasis require tight regulation of stem cells at the single-cell level and establishment of patterns at the tissue-wide level. Here, we emphasize that the general principles of embryonic development and tissue homeostasis are similar, and argue that interactions between these disciplines will be beneficial for both research fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja D C Weterings
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW (Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences) and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marek J van Oostrom
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW (Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences) and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Katharina F Sonnen
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW (Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences) and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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20
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Pin C, Collins T, Gibbs M, Kimko H. Systems Modeling to Quantify Safety Risks in Early Drug Development: Using Bifurcation Analysis and Agent-Based Modeling as Examples. AAPS JOURNAL 2021; 23:77. [PMID: 34018069 PMCID: PMC8137611 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-021-00580-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Quantitative Systems Toxicology (QST) models, recapitulating pharmacokinetics and mechanism of action together with the organic response at multiple levels of biological organization, can provide predictions on the magnitude of injury and recovery dynamics to support study design and decision-making during drug development. Here, we highlight the application of QST models to predict toxicities of cancer treatments, such as cytopenia(s) and gastrointestinal adverse effects, where narrow therapeutic indexes need to be actively managed. The importance of bifurcation analysis is demonstrated in QST models of hematologic toxicity to understand how different regions of the parameter space generate different behaviors following cancer treatment, which results in asymptotically stable predictions, yet highly irregular for specific schedules, or oscillating predictions of blood cell levels. In addition, an agent-based model of the intestinal crypt was used to simulate how the spatial location of the injury within the crypt affects the villus disruption severity. We discuss the value of QST modeling approaches to support drug development and how they align with technological advances impacting trial design including patient selection, dose/regimen selection, and ultimately patient safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Pin
- Clinical Pharmacology and Quantitative Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - Teresa Collins
- Clinical Pharmacology and Quantitative Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - Megan Gibbs
- Clinical Pharmacology and Quantitative Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Holly Kimko
- Clinical Pharmacology and Quantitative Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA.
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21
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Amrenova A, Suzuki K, Saenko V, Yamashita S, Mitsutake N. Cell competition between anaplastic thyroid cancer and normal thyroid follicular cells exerts reciprocal stress response defining tumor suppressive effects of normal epithelial tissue. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249059. [PMID: 33793628 PMCID: PMC8016217 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The microenvironment of an early-stage tumor, in which a small number of cancer cells is surrounded by a normal counterpart milieu, plays a crucial role in determining the fate of initiated cells. Here, we examined cell competition between anaplastic thyroid cancer cells and normal thyroid follicular cells using co-culture method. Cancer cells were grown until they formed small clusters, to which normal cells were added to create high-density co-culture condition. We found that co-culture with normal cells significantly suppressed the growth of cancer cell clusters through the activation of Akt-Skp2 pathway. In turn, cancer cells triggered apoptosis in the neighboring normal cells through local activation of ERK1/2. A bi-directional cell competition provides a suppressive mechanism of anaplastic thyroid cancer progression. Since the competitive effect was negated by terminal growth arrest caused by radiation exposure to normal cells, modulation of reciprocal stress response in vivo could be an intrinsic mechanism associated with tumor initiation, propagation, and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aidana Amrenova
- Life Sciences and Radiation Research, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Radiation Medical Sciences, Nagasaki University Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Keiji Suzuki
- Life Sciences and Radiation Research, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Radiation Medical Sciences, Nagasaki University Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Vladimir Saenko
- Department of Radiation Medical Sciences, Nagasaki University Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Shunichi Yamashita
- Department of Radiation Medical Sciences, Nagasaki University Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki, Japan
- Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
- Center for Advanced Radiation Emergency Medicine at the National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Norisato Mitsutake
- Life Sciences and Radiation Research, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Radiation Medical Sciences, Nagasaki University Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki, Japan
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22
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Messal HA, van Rheenen J, Scheele CLGJ. An Intravital Microscopy Toolbox to Study Mammary Gland Dynamics from Cellular Level to Organ Scale. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2021; 26:9-27. [PMID: 33945058 PMCID: PMC8217050 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-021-09487-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The architecture of the mouse mammary gland is highly dynamic and constantly remodeled during pubertal development and estrous cycle-driven sprouting and regression of alveolar side branches. During each of these developmental stages, turnover is driven by distinct subsets of mammary epithelial cells. Extensive previous research has shed light on the unique morphological and cell biological characteristics of each stage. However, technological shortcomings failed to capture the dynamics and single-cell contributions to mammary remodeling. Here, we developed in vivo imaging strategies to follow the same mammary ducts over time and quantify the dynamics of mammary gland growth and remodeling from single-cell level to organ scale. Using a combination of intravital microscopy and genetic reporter systems we show how proliferative heterogeneity drives ductal morphogenesis during different developmental stages. To visualize pubertal growth at the cellular level, we performed long-term time-lapse imaging of extending terminal end buds through a mammary imaging window. We show that single-cells within the terminal end buds are extremely motile and continuously exchange position whilst the duct is elongating. To visualize short-term remodeling in the adult mammary gland at the single cell level, we performed multi-day intravital imaging in photoconvertible Kikume Green-Red mice and fluorescent ubiquitination-based cell cycle indicator mice. We demonstrate that the contribution of single-cells to estrous-driven remodeling is highly variable between cells in the same micro-environment. To assess the effects of this dynamic proliferative contribution on the long-term stability of tissue architecture, we developed a repeated skin flap method to assess mammary gland morphology by intravital microscopy over extended time spans for up to six months. Interestingly, in contrast to the short-term dynamic remodeling, the long-term morphology of the mammary gland remains remarkably stable. Together, our tool box of imaging strategies allows to identify and map transient and continuing dynamics of single cells to the architecture of the mammary gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik A. Messal
- grid.430814.aDivision of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Oncode Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jacco van Rheenen
- grid.430814.aDivision of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Oncode Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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23
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Kai Y. Intestinal villus structure contributes to even shedding of epithelial cells. Biophys J 2021; 120:699-710. [PMID: 33453270 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2021.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In the intestinal epithelium, proliferated epithelial cells ascend the crypts and villi and shed at the villus tips into the gut lumen. In this study, we theoretically investigate the roles of the villi on cell turnover. We present a stochastic model that focuses on the duration over which cells migrate the shortest paths between the crypt orifices and the villus tips, where shedding cells are randomly chosen from among those older than the shortest-path cell migration times. By extending the length of the shortest path to delay cell shedding, the finger-like shape of the villus would tightly regulate shedding-cell ages compared with flat surfaces and shorter projections; the villus allows epithelial cells to shed at around the same age, which limits them from shedding early or staying in the epithelium for long periods. Computational simulations of cell dynamics agreed well with the predictions. We also examine various mechanical conditions of cells and confirm that coordinated collective cell migration supports the predictions. These results suggest the important roles of the villi in homeostatic maintenance of the small intestine, and we discuss the applicability of our approach to other tissues with collective cell movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuto Kai
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
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24
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Strinkovsky L, Havkin E, Shalom-Feuerstein R, Savir Y. Spatial correlations constrain cellular lifespan and pattern formation in corneal epithelium homeostasis. eLife 2021; 10:56404. [PMID: 33433326 PMCID: PMC7803374 DOI: 10.7554/elife.56404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Homeostasis in adult tissues relies on the replication dynamics of stem cells, their progenitors and the spatial balance between them. This spatial and kinetic coordination is crucial to the successful maintenance of tissue size and its replenishment with new cells. However, our understanding of the role of cellular replicative lifespan and spatial correlation between cells in shaping tissue integrity is still lacking. We developed a mathematical model for the stochastic spatial dynamics that underlie the rejuvenation of corneal epithelium. Our model takes into account different spatial correlations between cell replication and cell removal. We derive the tradeoffs between replicative lifespan, spatial correlation length, and tissue rejuvenation dynamics. We determine the conditions that allow homeostasis and are consistent with biological timescales, pattern formation, and mutants phenotypes. Our results can be extended to any cellular system in which spatial homeostasis is maintained through cell replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lior Strinkovsky
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and System Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Evgeny Havkin
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and System Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ruby Shalom-Feuerstein
- Department of Genetics & Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel.,The Rappaport Family Institute for Research in the Medical Sciences, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yonatan Savir
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and System Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel.,The Rappaport Family Institute for Research in the Medical Sciences, Technion, Haifa, Israel
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25
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Dray N, Than-Trong E, Bally-Cuif L. Neural stem cell pools in the vertebrate adult brain: Homeostasis from cell-autonomous decisions or community rules? Bioessays 2020; 43:e2000228. [PMID: 33295062 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202000228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Adult stem cell populations must coordinate their own maintenance with the generation of differentiated cell types to sustain organ physiology, in a spatially controlled manner and over long periods. Quantitative analyses of clonal dynamics have revealed that, in epithelia, homeostasis is achieved at the population rather than at the single stem cell level, suggesting that feedback mechanisms coordinate stem cell maintenance and progeny generation. In the central nervous system, however, little is known of the possible community processes underlying neural stem cell maintenance. Recent work, in part based on intravital imaging made possible in the adult zebrafish, conclusively highlights that homeostasis in neural stem cell pools may rely on population asymmetry and long-term spatiotemporal coordination of neural stem cell states and fates. These results suggest that neural stem cell assemblies in the vertebrate brain behave as self-organized systems, such that the stem cells themselves generate their own intrinsic niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Dray
- Zebrafish Neurogenetics Unit, CNRS, Team supported by the Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Institut Pasteur, UMR3738, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Than-Trong
- Zebrafish Neurogenetics Unit, CNRS, Team supported by the Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Institut Pasteur, UMR3738, Paris, France.,Ecole doctorale Biosigne, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, Université Paris-Saclay, France
| | - Laure Bally-Cuif
- Zebrafish Neurogenetics Unit, CNRS, Team supported by the Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Institut Pasteur, UMR3738, Paris, France
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