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Zhou Y, Li M, Cao Y, Chang W, Jia H, Wang L, Xu H, Wang Y, Liu P, Chen WD. Farnesoid X Receptor: Effective alleviation of rifampicin -induced liver injury. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 139:112799. [PMID: 39068755 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Antituberculosis drugs induce pharmacologic cholestatic liver injury with long-term administration. Liver injury resulting from rifampicin is potentially related to the bile acid nuclear receptor Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR). To investigate this, cholestasis was induced in both wild-type (C57BL/6N) mice and FXR knockout (FXR-null) mice through administration of rifampicin (200 mg/kg) via gavage for 7 consecutive days. Compared with C57BL/6N mice, FXR-null mice exhibited more severe liver injury after rifampicin administration, characterized by enlarged liver size, elevated transaminases, and increased inflammation. Moreover, under rifampicin treatment, FXR knockout impairs lipid secretion and exacerbates hepatic steatosis. Significantly, the expression of metabolism molecules BSEP increased, while NTCP and CYP7A1 decreased following rifampicin administration in C57BL/6N mice, whereas these changes were absent in FXR knockout mice. Furthermore, rifampicin treatment in both C57BL/6N and FXR-null mice was associated with elevated c-Jun N-terminal kinase phosphorylation (p-JNK) levels, with a more pronounced elevation in FXR-null mice. Our study suggests that rifampicin-induced liver injury, steatosis, and cholestasis are associated with FXR dysfunction and altered bile acid metabolism, and that the JNK signaling pathway is partially implicated in this injury. Based on these results, we propose that FXR might be a novel therapeutic target for addressing drug-induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Henan, PR China; Hebi Key Laboratory of Liver Disease, Hebi Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Hebi Key Laboratory of Energy Metabolism, People's Hospital of Hebi, Henan University, Henan, PR China
| | - Meijie Li
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Henan, PR China
| | - Yutong Cao
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Henan, PR China
| | - Weihua Chang
- Hebi Key Laboratory of Liver Disease, Hebi Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Hebi Key Laboratory of Energy Metabolism, People's Hospital of Hebi, Henan University, Henan, PR China
| | - Hao Jia
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Henan, PR China
| | - Longmei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Henan, PR China
| | - Huimin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Henan, PR China
| | - Yandong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Peng Liu
- Hebi Key Laboratory of Liver Disease, Hebi Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Hebi Key Laboratory of Energy Metabolism, People's Hospital of Hebi, Henan University, Henan, PR China
| | - Wei-Dong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Henan, PR China; Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation and Drug Discovery, School of Basic Medical Science, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, PR China.
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Ki MR, Youn S, Kim DH, Pack SP. Natural Compounds for Preventing Age-Related Diseases and Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7530. [PMID: 39062777 PMCID: PMC11276798 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging is a multifaceted process influenced by hereditary factors, lifestyle, and environmental elements. As time progresses, the human body experiences degenerative changes in major functions. The external and internal signs of aging manifest in various ways, including skin dryness, wrinkles, musculoskeletal disorders, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, neurodegenerative disorders, and cancer. Additionally, cancer, like aging, is a complex disease that arises from the accumulation of various genetic and epigenetic alterations. Circadian clock dysregulation has recently been identified as an important risk factor for aging and cancer development. Natural compounds and herbal medicines have gained significant attention for their potential in preventing age-related diseases and inhibiting cancer progression. These compounds demonstrate antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic, anti-metastatic, and anti-angiogenic effects as well as circadian clock regulation. This review explores age-related diseases, cancers, and the potential of specific natural compounds in targeting the key features of these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Ran Ki
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong-Ro 2511, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea; (M.-R.K.); (S.Y.); (D.H.K.)
- Institute of Industrial Technology, Korea University, Sejong-Ro 2511, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Sol Youn
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong-Ro 2511, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea; (M.-R.K.); (S.Y.); (D.H.K.)
| | - Dong Hyun Kim
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong-Ro 2511, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea; (M.-R.K.); (S.Y.); (D.H.K.)
| | - Seung Pil Pack
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong-Ro 2511, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea; (M.-R.K.); (S.Y.); (D.H.K.)
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Mohamed MR, Haybaeck J, Wu H, Su H, Bartneck M, Lin C, Boekschoten MV, Boor P, Goeppert B, Rupp C, Strnad P, Davis RJ, Cubero FJ, Trautwein C. JNKs protect from cholestatic liver disease progression by modulating Apelin signalling. JHEP Rep 2023; 5:100854. [PMID: 37791376 PMCID: PMC10543210 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2023.100854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims Cholestatic liver injury is associated with c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) activation in distinct cell types. Its hepatocyte-specific function during cholestasis, however, has not yet been established. Therefore, in our present study, we investigated the role of JNK1/2 during cholestasis and dissected its hepatocyte-specific function. Methods A cohort of patients with primary biliary cholangitis (n = 29) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (n = 37) was examined. Wild-type, hepatocyte-specific knockout mice for Jnk2 (Jnk2Δhepa) or Jnk1 and Jnk2 (Jnk1Δhepa/2Δhepa) were generated. Mice were subjected to bile duct ligation (BDL) or carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) treatment. Finally, Apelin signalling was blocked using a specific inhibitor. As an interventional approach, Jnk1/2 were silenced in wild-type mice using lipid nanoparticles for small interfering RNA delivery. Results JNK activation was increased in liver specimens from patients with chronic cholestasis (primary biliary cholangitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis) and in livers of Mdr2-/- and BDL-treated animals. In Jnk1Δhepa/2Δhepa animals, serum transaminases increased after BDL, and liver histology demonstrated enhanced cell death, compensatory proliferation, hepatic fibrogenesis, and inflammation. Furthermore, microarray analysis revealed that hepatocytic Jnk1/2 ablation induces JNK-target genes involved in oxidative stress and Apelin signalling after BDL. Consequently, blocking Apelin signalling attenuated BDL-induced liver injury and fibrosis in Jnk1Δhepa/2Δhepa mice. Finally, we established an interventional small interfering RNA approach of selective Jnk1/2 targeting in hepatocytes in vivo, further demonstrating the essential protective role of Jnk1/2 during cholestasis. Conclusions Jnk1 and Jnk2 work together to protect hepatocytes from cholestatic liver disease by controlling Apelin signalling. Dual modification of JNK signalling in hepatocytes is feasible, and enhancing its expression might be an attractive therapeutic approach for cholestatic liver disease. Impact and Implications The cell-specific function of Jnk genes during cholestasis has not been explicitly explored. In this study, we showed that combined Jnk1/2, but not Jnk2 deficiency, in hepatocytes exacerbates liver damage and fibrosis by enhancing Apelin signalling, which contributes to cholestasis progression. Combined cell-specific Jnk targeting may be a new molecular strategy for treating cholestatic liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Johannes Haybaeck
- Institute of Pathology, Neuropathology and Molecular Pathology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Diagnostic and Research Center for Molecular BioMedicine, Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Hanghang Wu
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, Complutense University School of Medicine, Madrid, Spain
| | - Huan Su
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Matthias Bartneck
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Cheng Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mark V. Boekschoten
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Boor
- Institute of Pathology and Department of Nephrology, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Goeppert
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Rupp
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pavel Strnad
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Roger J. Davis
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Francisco Javier Cubero
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, Complutense University School of Medicine, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Christian Trautwein
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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Liu N, Zhang J, Chen W, Ma W, Wu T. The RNA methyltransferase METTL16 enhances cholangiocarcinoma growth through PRDM15-mediated FGFR4 expression. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2023; 42:263. [PMID: 37817227 PMCID: PMC10566113 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02844-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND RNA N6-Methyladenosine (m6A) modification is implicated in the progression of human cancers including cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). METTL16 is recently identified as a new RNA methyltransferase responsible for m6A modification, although the role of METTL16 in CCA has not yet been examined. The current study aims to investigate the effect and mechanism of the RNA methyltransferase METTL16 in CCA. METHODS The expression of METTL16 in CCA was examined by analyzing publicly available datasets or by IHC staining on tumor samples. siRNA or CRISPR/Cas9-mediated loss of function studies were performed in vitro and in vivo to investigate the oncogenic role of METTL16 in CCA. MeRIP-Seq was carried out to identify the downstream target of METTL16. ChIP-qPCR, immunoprecipitation, and immunoblots were used to explore the regulation mechanisms for METTL16 expression in CCA. RESULTS We observed that the expression of METTL16 was noticeably increased in human CCA tissues. Depletion of METTL16 significantly inhibited CCA cell proliferation and decreased tumor progression. PRDM15 was identified as a key target of METTL16 in CCA cells. Mechanistically, our data showed that METTL16 regulated PRDM15 protein expression via YTHDF1-dependent translation. Accordingly, we observed that restoration of PRDM15 expression could rescue the deficiency of CCA cell proliferation/colony formation induced by METTL16 depletion. Our subsequent analyses revealed that METTL16-PRDM15 signaling regulated the expression of FGFR4 in CCA cells. Specifically, we observed that PRDM15 protein was associated with the FGFR4 promoter to regulate its expression. Furthermore, we showed that the histone acetyltransferase p300 cooperated with the transcription factor YY1 to regulate METTL16 gene expression via histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27) acetylation in CCA cells. CONCLUSIONS This study describes a novel METTL16-PRDM15-FGFR4 signaling axis which is crucial for CCA growth and may have important therapeutic implications. We showed that depletion of METTL16 significantly inhibited CCA cell proliferation and decreased tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nianli Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-79, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Jinqiang Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-79, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Weina Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-79, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Wenbo Ma
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-79, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Tong Wu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-79, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
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Zhang J, Lyu A, Wang C. The molecular insights of bile acid homeostasis in host diseases. Life Sci 2023; 330:121919. [PMID: 37422071 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) function as detergents promoting nutrient absorption and as hormones regulating nutrient metabolism. Most BAs are key regulatory factors of physiological activities, which are involved in the regulation of glucose, lipid, and drug metabolisms. Hepatic and intestinal diseases have close connections with the systemic cycling disorders of BAs. The abnormal in BA absorption came up with overmuch BAs could be involved in the pathophysiology of liver and bowel and metabolic disorders such as fatty liver diseases and inflammatory bowel diseases. The primary BAs (PBAs), which are synthesized in the liver, can be transformed into the secondary BAs (SBAs) by gut microbiota. The transformation processes are tightly associated with the gut microbiome and the host endogenous metabolism. The BA biosynthesis gene cluster bile-acid-inducible operon is essential for modulating BA pool, gut microbiome composition, and the onset of intestinal inflammation. This forms a bidirectional interaction between the host and its gut symbiotic ecosystem. The subtle changes in the composition and abundance of BAs perturb the host physiological and metabolic activity. Therefore, maintaining the homeostasis of BAs pool contributes to the balance of the body's physiological and metabolic system. Our review aims to dissect the molecular mechanisms underlying the BAs homeostasis, assess the key factors sustaining the homeostasis and the role of BA acting on host diseases. By linking the BAs metabolic disorders and their associated diseases, we illustrate the effects of BAs homeostasis on health and potential clinical interventions can be taken under the latest research findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfang Zhang
- HKBU lnstitute for Research and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China; Institute of Integrated Bioinformedicine and Translational Sciences, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Aiping Lyu
- HKBU lnstitute for Research and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China; Institute of Integrated Bioinformedicine and Translational Sciences, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Chao Wang
- HKBU lnstitute for Research and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China; Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Lu SY, Tan K, Zhong S, Cheong KL. Marine algal polysaccharides as future potential constituents against non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 250:126247. [PMID: 37562483 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is one of the most chronic and incurable liver diseases triggered mainly by an inappropriate diet and hereditary factors which burden liver metabolic stress, and may result in liver fibrosis or even cancer. While the available drugs show adverse side effects. The non-toxic bioactive molecules derived from natural resources, particularly marine algal polysaccharides (MAPs), present significant potential for treating NASH. In this review, we summarized the protective effects of MAPs on NASH from multiple perspectives, including reducing oxidative stress, regulating lipid metabolism, enhancing immune function, preventing fibrosis, and providing cell protection. Furthermore, the mechanisms of MAPs in treating NASH were comprehensively described. Additionally, we highlight the influences of the special structures of MAPs on their bioactive differences. Through this comprehensive review, we aim to further elucidate the molecular mechanisms of MAPs in NASH and inspire insights for deeper research on the functional food and clinical applications of MAPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Yuan Lu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Guangdong, China
| | - Karsoon Tan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Biodiversity Conservation, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou, Guangxi, China.
| | - Saiyi Zhong
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China.
| | - Kit-Leong Cheong
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Guangdong, China.
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Danese E, Lievens PMJ, Padoan A, Peserico D, Galavotti R, Negrini D, Gelati M, Conci S, Ruzzenente A, Salvagno GL, Lippi G. Plasma Bile Acid Profiling and Modulation of Secreted Mucin 5AC in Cholangiocarcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12794. [PMID: 37628976 PMCID: PMC10454108 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies investigating the potential role of circulating bile acids (BAs) as diagnostic biomarkers for cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) are sparse and existing data do not adjust for confounding variables. Furthermore, the mechanism by which BAs affect the expression of the oncogenic mucin 5AC (MUC5AC) has never been investigated. We performed a case-control study to characterise the profile of circulating BAs in patients with CCA (n = 68) and benign biliary disease (BBD, n = 48) with a validated liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry technique. Odd ratios (OR) for CCA associations were calculated with multivariable logistic regression models based on a directed acyclic graph structure learning algorithm. The most promising BAs were then tested in an in vitro study to investigate their interplay in modulating MUC5AC expression. The total concentration of BAs was markedly higher in patients with CCA compared with BBD controls and accompanied by a shift in BAs profile toward a higher proportion of primary conjugated BAs (OR = 1.50, CI: 1.14 to 1.96, p = 0.003), especially taurochenodeoxycholic acid (TCDCA, OR = 42.29, CI: 3.54 to 504.63, p = 0.003) after multiple adjustments. Western blot analysis of secreted MUC5AC in human primary cholangiocytes treated with primary conjugated BAs or with TCDCA alone allowed us to identify a novel 230 kDa isoform, possibly representing a post-translationally modified MUC5AC specie.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Danese
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Engineering for Innovation Medicine, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy; (D.P.); (D.N.); (M.G.); (G.L.S.); (G.L.)
| | - Patricia M.-J. Lievens
- Section of Biology and Genetics, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy; (P.M.-J.L.); (R.G.)
| | - Andrea Padoan
- Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy;
| | - Denise Peserico
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Engineering for Innovation Medicine, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy; (D.P.); (D.N.); (M.G.); (G.L.S.); (G.L.)
| | - Roberta Galavotti
- Section of Biology and Genetics, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy; (P.M.-J.L.); (R.G.)
| | - Davide Negrini
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Engineering for Innovation Medicine, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy; (D.P.); (D.N.); (M.G.); (G.L.S.); (G.L.)
| | - Matteo Gelati
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Engineering for Innovation Medicine, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy; (D.P.); (D.N.); (M.G.); (G.L.S.); (G.L.)
| | - Simone Conci
- Section of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatrics and Gynecology, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy; (S.C.); (A.R.)
| | - Andrea Ruzzenente
- Section of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatrics and Gynecology, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy; (S.C.); (A.R.)
| | - Gian Luca Salvagno
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Engineering for Innovation Medicine, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy; (D.P.); (D.N.); (M.G.); (G.L.S.); (G.L.)
| | - Giuseppe Lippi
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Engineering for Innovation Medicine, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy; (D.P.); (D.N.); (M.G.); (G.L.S.); (G.L.)
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Mohagheghzadeh A, Badr P, Mohagheghzadeh A, Hemmati S. Hypericum perforatum L. and the Underlying Molecular Mechanisms for Its Choleretic, Cholagogue, and Regenerative Properties. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:887. [PMID: 37375834 PMCID: PMC10300974 DOI: 10.3390/ph16060887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Any defects in bile formation, secretion, or flow may give rise to cholestasis, liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. As the pathogenesis of hepatic disorders is multifactorial, targeting parallel pathways potentially increases the outcome of therapy. Hypericum perforatum has been famed for its anti-depressive effects. However, according to traditional Persian medicine, it helps with jaundice and acts as a choleretic medication. Here, we will discuss the underlying molecular mechanisms of Hypericum for its use in hepatobiliary disorders. Differentially expressed genes retrieved from microarray data analysis upon treatment with safe doses of Hypericum extract and intersection with the genes involved in cholestasis are identified. Target genes are located mainly at the endomembrane system with integrin-binding ability. Activation of α5β1 integrins, as osmo-sensors in the liver, activates a non-receptor tyrosine kinase, c-SRC, which leads to the insertion of bile acid transporters into the canalicular membrane to trigger choleresis. Hypericum upregulates CDK6 that controls cell proliferation, compensating for the bile acid damage to hepatocytes. It induces ICAM1 to stimulate liver regeneration and regulates nischarin, a hepatoprotective receptor. The extract targets the expression of conserved oligomeric Golgi (COG) and facilitates the movement of bile acids toward the canalicular membrane via Golgi-derived vesicles. In addition, Hypericum induces SCP2, an intracellular cholesterol transporter, to maintain cholesterol homeostasis. We have also provided a comprehensive view of the target genes affected by Hypericum's main metabolites, such as hypericin, hyperforin, quercitrin, isoquercitrin, quercetin, kaempferol, rutin, and p-coumaric acid to enlighten a new scope in the management of chronic liver disorders. Altogether, standard trials using Hypericum as a neo-adjuvant or second-line therapy in ursodeoxycholic-acid-non-responder patients define the future trajectories of cholestasis treatment with this product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ala Mohagheghzadeh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71468-64685, Iran;
| | - Parmis Badr
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71468-64685, Iran; (P.B.); (A.M.)
| | - Abdolali Mohagheghzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71468-64685, Iran; (P.B.); (A.M.)
- Department of Phytopharmaceuticals (Traditional Pharmacy), School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71468-64685, Iran
| | - Shiva Hemmati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71468-64685, Iran;
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71468-64685, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
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Manilla V, Santopaolo F, Gasbarrini A, Ponziani FR. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Liver Disease: Across the Gut-Liver Axis from Fibrosis to Cancer. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15112521. [PMID: 37299482 DOI: 10.3390/nu15112521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a widespread disease worldwide, and is one of the cornerstones of metabolic syndrome. The existence of a strong relationship between diabetes and the progression of liver fibrosis has been demonstrated by several studies, using invasive and noninvasive techniques. Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) show faster progression of fibrosis than patients without diabetes. Many confounding factors make it difficult to determine the exact mechanisms involved. What we know so far is that both liver fibrosis and T2DM are expressions of metabolic dysfunction, and we recognize similar risk factors. Interestingly, both are promoted by metabolic endotoxemia, a low-grade inflammatory condition caused by increased endotoxin levels and linked to intestinal dysbiosis and increased intestinal permeability. There is broad evidence on the role of the gut microbiota in the progression of liver disease, through both metabolic and inflammatory mechanisms. Therefore, dysbiosis that is associated with diabetes can act as a modifier of the natural evolution of NAFLD. In addition to diet, hypoglycemic drugs play an important role in this scenario, and their benefit is also the result of effects exerted in the gut. Here, we provide an overview of the mechanisms that explain why diabetic patients show a more rapid progression of liver disease up to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), focusing especially on those involving the gut-liver axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittoria Manilla
- Digestive Disease Center-CEMAD, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Santopaolo
- Digestive Disease Center-CEMAD, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Digestive Disease Center-CEMAD, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Translational Medicine and Surgery Department, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Romana Ponziani
- Digestive Disease Center-CEMAD, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Translational Medicine and Surgery Department, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
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Calvisi DF, Boulter L, Vaquero J, Saborowski A, Fabris L, Rodrigues PM, Coulouarn C, Castro RE, Segatto O, Raggi C, van der Laan LJW, Carpino G, Goeppert B, Roessler S, Kendall TJ, Evert M, Gonzalez-Sanchez E, Valle JW, Vogel A, Bridgewater J, Borad MJ, Gores GJ, Roberts LR, Marin JJG, Andersen JB, Alvaro D, Forner A, Banales JM, Cardinale V, Macias RIR, Vicent S, Chen X, Braconi C, Verstegen MMA, Fouassier L. Criteria for preclinical models of cholangiocarcinoma: scientific and medical relevance. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023:10.1038/s41575-022-00739-y. [PMID: 36755084 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-022-00739-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a rare malignancy that develops at any point along the biliary tree. CCA has a poor prognosis, its clinical management remains challenging, and effective treatments are lacking. Therefore, preclinical research is of pivotal importance and necessary to acquire a deeper understanding of CCA and improve therapeutic outcomes. Preclinical research involves developing and managing complementary experimental models, from in vitro assays using primary cells or cell lines cultured in 2D or 3D to in vivo models with engrafted material, chemically induced CCA or genetically engineered models. All are valuable tools with well-defined advantages and limitations. The choice of a preclinical model is guided by the question(s) to be addressed; ideally, results should be recapitulated in independent approaches. In this Consensus Statement, a task force of 45 experts in CCA molecular and cellular biology and clinicians, including pathologists, from ten countries provides recommendations on the minimal criteria for preclinical models to provide a uniform approach. These recommendations are based on two rounds of questionnaires completed by 35 (first round) and 45 (second round) experts to reach a consensus with 13 statements. An agreement was defined when at least 90% of the participants voting anonymously agreed with a statement. The ultimate goal was to transfer basic laboratory research to the clinics through increased disease understanding and to develop clinical biomarkers and innovative therapies for patients with CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego F Calvisi
- Institute of Pathology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Luke Boulter
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Cancer Research UK Scottish Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Javier Vaquero
- TGF-β and Cancer Group, Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain.,National Biomedical Research Institute on Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Saborowski
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Luca Fabris
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua School of Medicine, Padua, Italy.,Digestive Disease Section, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Pedro M Rodrigues
- National Biomedical Research Institute on Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Health Research Institute - Donostia University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), San Sebastian, Spain.,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Cédric Coulouarn
- Inserm, Univ Rennes 1, OSS (Oncogenesis Stress Signalling), UMR_S 1242, Centre de Lutte contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
| | - Rui E Castro
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Oreste Segatto
- Translational Oncology Research Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Raggi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Luc J W van der Laan
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC Transplantation Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Guido Carpino
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy
| | - Benjamin Goeppert
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, Ludwigsburg, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, Kantonsspital Baselland, Liestal, Switzerland
| | - Stephanie Roessler
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Timothy J Kendall
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Matthias Evert
- Institute of Pathology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ester Gonzalez-Sanchez
- TGF-β and Cancer Group, Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain.,National Biomedical Research Institute on Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan W Valle
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.,Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Arndt Vogel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - John Bridgewater
- Department of Medical Oncology, UCL Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Mitesh J Borad
- Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Gregory J Gores
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Lewis R Roberts
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jose J G Marin
- National Biomedical Research Institute on Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEPHARM), IBSAL, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Jesper B Andersen
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Department of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Domenico Alvaro
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alejandro Forner
- National Biomedical Research Institute on Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Liver Unit, Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) Group, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jesus M Banales
- National Biomedical Research Institute on Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Health Research Institute - Donostia University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), San Sebastian, Spain.,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Sciences, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Vincenzo Cardinale
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Rocio I R Macias
- National Biomedical Research Institute on Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEPHARM), IBSAL, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Silve Vicent
- University of Navarra, Centre for Applied Medical Research, Program in Solid Tumours, Pamplona, Spain.,IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III), Madrid, Spain
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Chiara Braconi
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Monique M A Verstegen
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC Transplantation Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Laura Fouassier
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France.
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11
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New molecular mechanisms in cholangiocarcinoma: signals triggering interleukin-6 production in tumor cells and KRAS co-opted epigenetic mediators driving metabolic reprogramming. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2022; 41:183. [PMID: 35619118 PMCID: PMC9134609 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02386-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is still a deadly tumour. Histological and molecular aspects of thioacetamide (TAA)-induced intrahepatic CCA (iCCA) in rats mimic those of human iCCA. Carcinogenic changes and therapeutic vulnerabilities in CCA may be captured by molecular investigations in bile, where we performed bile proteomic and metabolomic analyses that help discovery yet unknown pathways relevant to human iCCA. Methods Cholangiocarcinogenesis was induced in rats (TAA) and mice (JnkΔhepa + CCl4 + DEN model). We performed proteomic and metabolomic analyses in bile from control and CCA-bearing rats. Differential expression was validated in rat and human CCAs. Mechanisms were addressed in human CCA cells, including Huh28-KRASG12D cells. Cell signaling, growth, gene regulation and [U-13C]-D-glucose-serine fluxomics analyses were performed. In vivo studies were performed in the clinically-relevant iCCA mouse model. Results Pathways related to inflammation, oxidative stress and glucose metabolism were identified by proteomic analysis. Oxidative stress and high amounts of the oncogenesis-supporting amino acids serine and glycine were discovered by metabolomic studies. Most relevant hits were confirmed in rat and human CCAs (TCGA). Activation of interleukin-6 (IL6) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathways, and key genes in cancer-related glucose metabolic reprogramming, were validated in TAA-CCAs. In TAA-CCAs, G9a, an epigenetic pro-tumorigenic writer, was also increased. We show that EGFR signaling and mutant KRASG12D can both activate IL6 production in CCA cells. Furthermore, phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH), the rate-limiting enzyme in serine-glycine pathway, was upregulated in human iCCA correlating with G9a expression. In a G9a activity-dependent manner, KRASG12D promoted PHGDH expression, glucose flow towards serine synthesis, and increased CCA cell viability. KRASG12D CAA cells were more sensitive to PHGDH and G9a inhibition than controls. In mouse iCCA, G9a pharmacological targeting reduced PHGDH expression. Conclusions In CCA, we identified new pro-tumorigenic mechanisms: Activation of EGFR signaling or KRAS mutation drives IL6 expression in tumour cells; Glucose metabolism reprogramming in iCCA includes activation of the serine-glycine pathway; Mutant KRAS drives PHGDH expression in a G9a-dependent manner; PHGDH and G9a emerge as therapeutic targets in iCCA. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13046-022-02386-2.
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12
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Choi YJ, Yang HS, Zhang Y, Lee W, Yun SH, Nam YA, Lee G, Jung BH, Chang TS, Lee K, Lee BH. Intratracheal exposure to polyhexamethylene guanidine phosphate disrupts coordinate regulation of FXR-SHP-mediated cholesterol and bile acid homeostasis in mouse liver. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 247:114213. [PMID: 36306612 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A public health crisis in the form of a significant incidence of fatal pulmonary disease caused by repeated use of humidifier disinfectants containing polyhexamethylene guanidine phosphate (PHMG) recently arose in Korea. Although the mechanisms of pulmonary fibrosis following respiratory exposure to PHMG are well described, distant-organ effect has not been reported. In this study, we investigated whether intratracheal administration of PHMG affects liver pathophysiology and metabolism. Our PHMG mouse model showed a significant decrease in liver cholesterol level. An mRNA-seq analysis of liver samples revealed an alteration in the gene expression associated with cholesterol biosynthesis and metabolism to bile acids. The expression of genes involved in cholesterol synthesis was decreased in a real-time PCR analysis. To our surprise, we found that the coordinate regulation of cholesterol and bile acid homeostasis was completely disrupted. Despite the decreased cholesterol synthesis and low bile acid levels, the farnesoid X receptor/small heterodimer partner pathway, which controls negative feedback of bile acid synthesis, was activated in PHMG mice. As a consequence, gene expression of Cyp7a1 and Cyp7b1, the rate-limiting enzymes of the classical and alternative pathways of bile acid synthesis, was significantly downregulated. Notably, the changes in gene expression were corroborated by the hepatic concentrations of the bile acids. These results suggest that respiratory exposure to PHMG could cause cholestatic liver injury by disrupting the physiological regulation of hepatic cholesterol and bile acid homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Jin Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Seon Yang
- Inhalation Toxicology Center for Airborne Risk Factors, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeongeup, Republic of Korea; College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunfan Zhang
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonseok Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Ho Yun
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Ah Nam
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gakyung Lee
- Department of Integrative Biological Sciences and Industry, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Center for Advanced Biomolecular Recognition, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Hwa Jung
- Center for Advanced Biomolecular Recognition, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tong-Shin Chang
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyuhong Lee
- Inhalation Toxicology Center for Airborne Risk Factors, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeongeup, Republic of Korea; Human and Environmental Toxicology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Byung-Hoon Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Raggi C, Taddei ML, Rae C, Braconi C, Marra F. Metabolic reprogramming in cholangiocarcinoma. J Hepatol 2022; 77:849-864. [PMID: 35594992 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2022.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of cancer and allows tumour cells to meet the increased energy demands required for rapid proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. Indeed, many tumour cells acquire distinctive metabolic and bioenergetic features that enable them to survive in resource-limited conditions, mainly by harnessing alternative nutrients. Several recent studies have explored the metabolic plasticity of cancer cells with the aim of identifying new druggable targets, while therapeutic strategies to limit the access to nutrients have been successfully applied to the treatment of some tumours. Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), a highly heterogeneous tumour, is the second most common form of primary liver cancer. It is characterised by resistance to chemotherapy and poor prognosis, with 5-year survival rates of below 20%. Deregulation of metabolic pathways have been described during the onset and progression of CCA. Increased aerobic glycolysis and glutamine anaplerosis provide CCA cells with the ability to generate biosynthetic intermediates. Other metabolic alterations involving carbohydrates, amino acids and lipids have been shown to sustain cancer cell growth and dissemination. In this review, we discuss the complex metabolic rewiring that occurs during CCA development and leads to unique nutrient addiction. The possible role of therapeutic interventions based on metabolic changes is also thoroughly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Raggi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
| | - Maria Letizia Taddei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Colin Rae
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, The University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Chiara Braconi
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, The University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Fabio Marra
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
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14
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Min RWM, Aung FWM, Liu B, Arya A, Win S. Mechanism and Therapeutic Targets of c-Jun-N-Terminal Kinases Activation in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10082035. [PMID: 36009582 PMCID: PMC9406172 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10082035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) is the most common chronic liver disease. Activation of mitogen-activated kinases (MAPK) cascade, which leads to c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation occurs in the liver in response to the nutritional and metabolic stress. The aberrant activation of MAPKs, especially c-Jun-N-terminal kinases (JNKs), leads to unwanted genetic and epi-genetic modifications in addition to the metabolic stress adaptation in hepatocytes. A mechanism of sustained P-JNK activation was identified in acute and chronic liver diseases, suggesting an important role of aberrant JNK activation in NASH. Therefore, modulation of JNK activation, rather than targeting JNK protein levels, is a plausible therapeutic application for the treatment of chronic liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bryant Liu
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2011 Zonal Ave., HMR 612, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Aliza Arya
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2011 Zonal Ave., HMR 612, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Sanda Win
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2011 Zonal Ave., HMR 612, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Correspondence:
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15
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Whyte SS, Karns R, Min K, Cho J, Lee S, Lake C, Bondoc A, Yoon J, Shin S. Integrated analysis using ToppMiR uncovers altered miRNA- mRNA regulatory networks in pediatric hepatocellular carcinoma-A pilot study. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2022; 6:e1685. [PMID: 35859536 PMCID: PMC9875636 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pediatric hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a group of liver cancers whose mechanisms behind their pathogenesis and progression are poorly understood. AIM We aimed to identify alterations in the expression of miRNAs and their putative target mRNAs in not only tumor tissues of patients with pediatric HCC but also in corresponding non-tumorous background livers by using liver tissues without underlying liver disease as a control. METHODS AND RESULTS We performed a small-scale miRNA and mRNA profiling of pediatric HCC (consisting of fibrolamellar carcinoma [FLC] and non-FLC HCC) and paired liver tissues to identify miRNAs whose expression levels differed significantly from control livers without underlying liver disease. ToppMiR was used to prioritize both miRNAs and their putative target mRNAs in a gene-annotation network, and the mRNA profile was used to refine the prioritization. Our analysis generated prioritized lists of miRNAs and mRNAs from the following three sets of analyses: (a) pediatric HCC versus control; (b) FLC versus control; and (c) corresponding non-tumorous background liver tissues from the same patients with pediatric HCC versus control. No liver disease liver tissues were used as the control group for all analyses. Many miRNAs whose expressions were deregulated in pediatric HCC were consistent with their roles in adult HCC and/or other non-hepatic cancers. Our gene ontology analysis of target mRNAs revealed enrichment of biological processes related to the sustenance and propagation of cancer and significant downregulation of metabolic processes. CONCLUSION Our pilot study indicates that alterations in miRNA-mRNA networks were detected in not only tumor tissues but also corresponding non-tumorous liver tissues from patients with pediatric HCC, suggesting multi-faceted roles of miRNAs in disease progression. Our results may lead to novel hypotheses for future large-scale studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senyo S. Whyte
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic SurgeryCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOhioUSA
| | - Rebekah Karns
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & NutritionCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOhioUSA
| | - Kyung‐Won Min
- Department of BiologyGangneung‐Wonju National UniversityGangneungRepublic of Korea
| | - Jung‐Hyun Cho
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA
| | - Sanghoon Lee
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic SurgeryCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOhioUSA
| | - Charissa Lake
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic SurgeryCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOhioUSA
| | - Alexander Bondoc
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic SurgeryCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOhioUSA,Department of SurgeryUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOhioUSA
| | - Je‐Hyun Yoon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA
| | - Soona Shin
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic SurgeryCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOhioUSA,Department of SurgeryUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOhioUSA
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16
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Liu J, Geng W, Sun H, Liu C, Huang F, Cao J, Xia L, Zhao H, Zhai J, Li Q, Zhang X, Kuang M, Shen S, Xia Q, Wong VWS, Yu J. Integrative metabolomic characterisation identifies altered portal vein serum metabolome contributing to human hepatocellular carcinoma. Gut 2022; 71:1203-1213. [PMID: 34344785 PMCID: PMC9120406 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2021-325189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Altered metabolites are important for the tumourigenicity of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We performed integrative metabolomics analysis of the metabolites changes in portal venous blood and in comparison with the metabolites changes in liver tissues and stool samples of HCC patients and healthy liver donors. DESIGN Serum (portal and central vein), liver tissue (HCC tumour and adjacent non-tumour, normal liver) and stool samples were collected from 102 subjects (52 HCC patients and 50 healthy controls) in the discovery cohort; and 100 subjects (50 HCC patients and 50 healthy controls) in an independent validation cohort. Untargeted metabolomic profiling was performed using high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The function of candidate metabolites was validated in hepatocyte cell lines. RESULTS Detailed metabolomic evaluation showed distinct clusters of metabolites in serum, liver tissue and stool samples from patients with HCC and control individuals (p<0.001). HCC patients had significantly higher levels of portal vein serum and HCC tissue metabolites of DL-3-phenyllactic acid, L-tryptophan, glycocholic acid and 1-methylnicotinamide than healthy controls, which were associated with impaired liver function and poor survival. On the other hand, HCC patients had lower levels of linoleic acid and phenol in portal vein and stool samples than healthy controls. Linoleic acid and phenol significantly inhibited HCC proliferation, inferring their anti-HCC function as protective metabolites. CONCLUSIONS The integrative metabolome analysis of serum, tissue and stool metabolites revealed unreported metabolic alterations in HCC patients. In portal vein, we identified elevated and depleted metabolites signifying that they might play a role in HCC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinkai Liu
- Institute of Digestive Disease and The Department of Medicine and Therapeutics,State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences,CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China SAR
| | - Wei Geng
- Department of Liver Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hanyong Sun
- Department of Liver Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Changan Liu
- Institute of Digestive Disease and The Department of Medicine and Therapeutics,State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences,CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China SAR
| | - Fan Huang
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreas Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jie Cao
- Department of Liver Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Xia
- Department of Liver Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongchuan Zhao
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreas Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jianning Zhai
- Institute of Digestive Disease and The Department of Medicine and Therapeutics,State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences,CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China SAR
| | - Qing Li
- The Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China SAR
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Institute of Digestive Disease and The Department of Medicine and Therapeutics,State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences,CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China SAR
| | - Ming Kuang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Institue of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shunli Shen
- Department of Liver Surgery, Institue of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiang Xia
- Department of Liver Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Vincent Wai-Sun Wong
- Institute of Digestive Disease and The Department of Medicine and Therapeutics,State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences,CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China SAR
| | - Jun Yu
- Institute of Digestive Disease and The Department of Medicine and Therapeutics,State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences,CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China SAR
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17
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Chen Q, Li Q, Cao M, Yan J, Zhang X. Hierarchy-Assembled Dual Probiotics System Ameliorates Cholestatic Drug-Induced Liver Injury via Gut-Liver Axis Modulation. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2200986. [PMID: 35434937 PMCID: PMC9189648 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202200986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Cholestatic drug-induced liver injury (DILI) induced by drugs or other xenobiotics is a severe and even fatal clinical syndrome. Here, living materials of hierarchy-assembled dual probiotics system are fabricated by sequentially encapsulating probiotic Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus (LDB) and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) into Ca2+ -complexed polymer microspheres for effective prevention of cholestatic DILI. Upon entering intestinal tract of the constructed living materials, LGG is released because of pH-triggered dissolution of outer enteric polymer coating. The released LGG can inhibit hepatic bile acids (BAs) synthesis by activating intestinal farnesoid X receptor-fibroblast growth factor 15(FGF-15) signaling pathway. BAs excretion is also facilitated by LGG through increasing the abundance of bile salt hydrolase (BSH)-active gut commensal bacteria. Furthermore, exposed positively-charged chitosan shell can absorb the excessive BAs via electrostatic interaction, which leads to steady BAs fixation by the imprisoned LDB, decreasing the total BAs amounts in enterohepatic circulation. Together, the fabricated living materials, obtained here, can effectively prevent cholestatic DILI through dredging cholestasis via gut-liver axis modulation. The therapeutic effect is demonstrated in α-naphthylisothiocyanate and clinical antiepileptic drug valproate acid-induced cholestatic DILI mouse models, which reveal the great potential for effective cholestatic DILI management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi‐Wen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education and Department of ChemistryWuhan UniversityWuhan430072P. R. China
| | - Qian‐Ru Li
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education and Department of ChemistryWuhan UniversityWuhan430072P. R. China
| | - Meng‐Wei Cao
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education and Department of ChemistryWuhan UniversityWuhan430072P. R. China
| | - Jian‐Hua Yan
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education and Department of ChemistryWuhan UniversityWuhan430072P. R. China
| | - Xian‐Zheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education and Department of ChemistryWuhan UniversityWuhan430072P. R. China
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18
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Selective PPARδ agonist seladelpar suppresses bile acid synthesis by reducing hepatocyte CYP7A1 via the fibroblast growth factor 21 signaling pathway. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102056. [PMID: 35605662 PMCID: PMC9214809 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor delta (PPARδ) agonists have been shown to exert beneficial effects in liver disease and reduce total bile acid levels. The mechanism(s) whereby PPARδ agonism reduces bile acid levels are, however, unknown, and therefore the aim of the present study was to investigate the molecular pathways responsible for reducing bile acid synthesis in hepatocytes, following treatment with the selective PPARδ agonist, seladelpar. We show that administration of seladelpar to WT mice repressed the liver expression of cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase (Cyp7a1), the rate-limiting enzyme for bile acid synthesis, and decreased plasma 7α-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one (C4), a freely diffusible metabolite downstream of Cyp7a1. In primary mouse hepatocytes, seladelpar significantly reduced the expression of Cyp7a1 independent of the nuclear bile acid receptor, Farnesoid X receptor. In addition, seladelpar upregulated fibroblast growth factor 21 (Fgf21) in mouse liver, serum, and in cultured hepatocytes. We demonstrate that recombinant Fgf21 protein activated the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway and repressed Cyp7a1 gene expression in primary hepatocytes. The suppressive effect of seladelpar on Cyp7a1 expression was blocked by a JNK inhibitor as well as in the absence of Fgf21, indicating that Fgf21 plays an indispensable role in PPARδ-mediated downregulation of Cyp7a1. Finally, reduction of CYP7A1 expression by seladelpar was confirmed in primary human hepatocytes. In conclusion, we show that seladelpar reduces bile acid synthesis via an FGF21-dependent mechanism that signals at least partially through JNK to repress CYP7A1.
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19
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Wang G, Guan J, Yang Q, Wu F, Shao J, Zhou Q, Guo Z, Ren Y, Zhu H, Chen Z. Development of a Bile Acid-Related Gene Signature for Predicting Survival in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2022:9076175. [PMID: 35592684 PMCID: PMC9113879 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9076175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common diseases that threaten millions of lives annually. Evidence supports that bile acid (BA) affects HCC through inflammation, DNA damage, or other mechanisms. Methods A total of 127 BA-associated genes were analyzed in HCC tumor and nontumor samples using The Cancer Genome Atlas data. Genes correlated to the prognosis of patients with HCC were identified using univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses. Furthermore, a prediction model with identified genes was constructed to evaluate the risk of patients with HCC for prognosis. Results Out of 26 genes with differential expressions between the HCC and nontumor samples, 19 and 7 genes showed upregulated and downregulated expressions, respectively. Three genes, NPC1, ABCC1, and SLC51B, were extrapolated to construct a prediction model for the prognosis of patients with HCC. Conclusion The three-gene prediction model was more reliable than the pathological staging characters of the tumor for the prognosis and survival of patients with HCC. In addition, the upregulated genes facilitating the transport of BAs are associated with poor prognosis of patients with HCC, and genes of de novo synthesis of BAs benefit patients with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Guan
- Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qin Yang
- Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fengtian Wu
- Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junwei Shao
- Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qihui Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zixuan Guo
- Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanli Ren
- Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haihong Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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20
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Cingolani F, Liu Y, Shen Y, Wen J, Farris AB, Czaja MJ. Redundant Functions of ERK1 and ERK2 Maintain Mouse Liver Homeostasis Through Down-Regulation of Bile Acid Synthesis. Hepatol Commun 2022; 6:980-994. [PMID: 34936222 PMCID: PMC9035584 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 promotes hepatocyte proliferation in response to growth stimuli, but whether constitutive hepatocyte ERK1/2 signaling functions in liver physiology is unknown. To examine the role of ERK1/2 in hepatic homeostasis, the effects of a knockout of Erk1 and/or Erk2 in mouse liver were examined. The livers of mice with a global Erk1 knockout or a tamoxifen-inducible, hepatocyte-specific Erk2 knockout were normal. In contrast, Erk1/2 double-knockout mice developed hepatomegaly and hepatitis by serum transaminases, histology, terminal deoxynucleotide transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end-labeling, and assays of hepatic inflammation. Liver injury was associated with biochemical evidence of cholestasis with increased serum and hepatic bile acids and led to hepatic fibrosis and mortality. RNA sequencing and polymerase chain reaction analysis of double-knockout mouse livers revealed that the rate-limiting bile acid synthesis gene Cyp7a1 (cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase) was up-regulated in concert with decreased expression of the transcriptional repressor short heterodimer partner. Elevated bile acids were the mechanism of liver injury, as bile acid reduction by SC-435, an inhibitor of the ileal apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter, prevented liver injury. Conclusion: Constitutive ERK1 and ERK2 signaling has a redundant but critical physiological function in the down-regulation of hepatic bile acid synthesis to maintain normal liver homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Cingolani
- Division of Digestive DiseasesDepartment of MedicineEmory University School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA
| | - Yunshan Liu
- Division of Digestive DiseasesDepartment of MedicineEmory University School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA
| | - Yang Shen
- Division of Digestive DiseasesDepartment of MedicineEmory University School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA
| | - Jing Wen
- Division of Digestive DiseasesDepartment of MedicineEmory University School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA
| | - Alton B. Farris
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory MedicineEmory University School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA
| | - Mark J. Czaja
- Division of Digestive DiseasesDepartment of MedicineEmory University School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA
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21
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Lan T, Qian S, Tang C, Gao J. Role of Immune Cells in Biliary Repair. Front Immunol 2022; 13:866040. [PMID: 35432349 PMCID: PMC9005827 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.866040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The biliary system is comprised of cholangiocytes and plays an important role in maintaining liver function. Under normal conditions, cholangiocytes remain in the stationary phase and maintain a very low turnover rate. However, the robust biliary repair is initiated in disease conditions, and different repair mechanisms can be activated depending on the pathological changes. During biliary disease, immune cells including monocytes, lymphocytes, neutrophils, and mast cells are recruited to the liver. The cellular interactions between cholangiocytes and these recruited immune cells as well as hepatic resident immune cells, including Kupffer cells, determine disease outcomes. However, the role of immune cells in the initiation, regulation, and suspension of biliary repair remains elusive. The cellular processes of cholangiocyte proliferation, progenitor cell differentiation, and hepatocyte-cholangiocyte transdifferentiation during biliary diseases are reviewed to manifest the underlying mechanism of biliary repair. Furthermore, the potential role of immune cells in crucial biliary repair mechanisms is highlighted. The mechanisms of biliary repair in immune-mediated cholangiopathies, inherited cholangiopathies, obstructive cholangiopathies, and cholangiocarcinoma are also summarized. Additionally, novel techniques that could clarify the underlying mechanisms of biliary repair are displayed. Collectively, this review aims to deepen the understanding of the mechanisms of biliary repair and contributes potential novel therapeutic methods for treating biliary diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Lan
- Lab of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuaijie Qian
- Lab of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chengwei Tang
- Lab of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinhang Gao
- Lab of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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22
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Xu S, Qiao X, Peng P, Zhu Z, Li Y, Yu M, Chen L, Cai Y, Xu J, Shi X, Proud CG, Xie J, Shen K. Da-Chai-Hu-Tang Protects From Acute Intrahepatic Cholestasis by Inhibiting Hepatic Inflammation and Bile Accumulation via Activation of PPARα. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:847483. [PMID: 35370715 PMCID: PMC8965327 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.847483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholestasis is caused by intrahepatic retention of excessive toxic bile acids and ultimately results in hepatic failure. Da-Chai-Hu-Tang (DCHT) has been used in China to treat liver and gallbladder diseases for over 1800 years. Here, we demonstrated that DCHT treatment prevented acute intrahepatic cholestasis with liver injury in response to α-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT) not to bile duct ligation (BDL) induced-extrahepatic cholestasis. ANIT (80 mg/kg) increased serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), direct bilirubin (DBiL), total bilirubin (TBiL), and total bile acids (TBA) which was attenuated by DCHT treatment in a dose-dependent manner. DCHT treatment at high dose of 1.875 g/kg restored bile acid homeostasis, as evidenced by the recovery of the transcription of genes implicated in bile acid biosynthesis, uptake and efflux. DCHT treatment (1.875 g/kg) reversed ANIT-evoked disordered glutathione homeostasis (as determined by GSH/GSSG ratio) and increased in the mRNA levels for Il6, Il1b and Tnfa associated with liver inflammation. Using network pharmacology-based approaches, we identified 22 putative targets involved in DCHT treatment for intrahepatic cholestasis not extrahepatic cholestasis. In addition, as evidenced by dual-luciferase reporter assays, compounds from DCHT with high affinity of PPARα increased luciferase levels from a PPARα-driven reporter. PPARα agonist fenofibrate was able to mimic the cytoprotective effect of DCHT on intrahepatic cholestasis, which was abolished by the PPARα antagonist GW6471. KEGG enrichment and western blot analyses showed that signaling axes of JNK/IL-6/NF-κB/STAT3 related to PPARα might be the principal pathway DCHT affects intrahepatic cholestasis. Taken together, the present study provides compelling evidence that DCHT is a promising formula against acute intrahepatic cholestasis with hepatotoxicity which works via PPARα activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihao Xu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Qiao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Peike Peng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziyi Zhu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaoting Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengyuan Yu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Long Chen
- Experimental Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yin Cai
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jin Xu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinwei Shi
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Christopher G Proud
- Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Jianling Xie
- Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Kaikai Shen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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23
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Paul B, Lewinska M, Andersen JB. Lipid alterations in chronic liver disease and liver cancer. JHEP Rep 2022; 4:100479. [PMID: 35469167 PMCID: PMC9034302 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2022.100479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipids are a complex and diverse group of molecules with crucial roles in many physiological processes, as well as in the onset, progression, and maintenance of cancers. Fatty acids and cholesterol are the building blocks of lipids, orchestrating these crucial metabolic processes. In the liver, lipid alterations are prevalent as a cause and consequence of chronic hepatitis B and C virus infections, alcoholic hepatitis, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and steatohepatitis. Recent developments in lipidomics have also revealed that dynamic changes in triacylglycerols, phospholipids, sphingolipids, ceramides, fatty acids, and cholesterol are involved in the development and progression of primary liver cancer. Accordingly, the transcriptional landscape of lipid metabolism suggests a carcinogenic role of increasing fatty acids and sterol synthesis. However, limited mechanistic insights into the complex nature of the hepatic lipidome have so far hindered the development of effective therapies.
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24
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Smith AO, Jonassen JA, Preval KM, Davis RJ, Pazour GJ. c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling contributes to cystic burden in polycystic kidney disease. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009711. [PMID: 34962918 PMCID: PMC8746764 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic kidney disease is an inherited degenerative disease in which the uriniferous tubules are replaced by expanding fluid-filled cysts that ultimately destroy organ function. Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common form, afflicting approximately 1 in 1,000 people. It primarily is caused by mutations in the transmembrane proteins polycystin-1 (Pkd1) and polycystin-2 (Pkd2). The most proximal effects of Pkd mutations leading to cyst formation are not known, but pro-proliferative signaling must be involved for the tubule epithelial cells to increase in number over time. The c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway promotes proliferation and is activated in acute and chronic kidney diseases. Using a mouse model of cystic kidney disease caused by Pkd2 loss, we observe JNK activation in cystic kidneys and observe increased nuclear phospho c-Jun in cystic epithelium. Genetic removal of Jnk1 and Jnk2 suppresses the nuclear accumulation of phospho c-Jun, reduces proliferation and reduces the severity of cystic disease. While Jnk1 and Jnk2 are thought to have largely overlapping functions, we find that Jnk1 loss is nearly as effective as the double loss of Jnk1 and Jnk2. Jnk pathway inhibitors are in development for neurodegeneration, cancer, and fibrotic diseases. Our work suggests that the JNK pathway should be explored as a therapeutic target for ADPKD. Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease is a leading cause of end stage renal disease requiring dialysis or kidney transplant. During disease development, the cells lining the kidney tubules proliferate. This proliferation transforms normally small diameter tubules into fluid-filled cysts that enlarge with time, eventually destroying all kidney function. Despite decades of research, polycystic kidney disease remains incurable. Furthermore, the precise signaling events involved in cyst initiation and growth remain unclear. The c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), is a major pathway regulating cellular proliferation and differentiation but its importance to polycystic kidney disease was not known. We show that JNK activity is elevated in cystic kidneys and that reducing JNK activity decreases cyst growth pointing to JNK inhibition as a therapeutic strategy for treating polycystic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail O. Smith
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Biotech II, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Julie A. Jonassen
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Kenley M. Preval
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Biotech II, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Roger J. Davis
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Biotech II, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Gregory J. Pazour
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Biotech II, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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25
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Chen C, Wu H, Ye H, Tortajada A, Rodríguez-Perales S, Torres-Ruiz R, Vidal A, Peligros MI, Reissing J, Bruns T, Mohamed MR, Zheng K, Lujambio A, Iraburu MJ, Colyn L, Latasa MU, Arechederra M, Fernández-Barrena MG, Berasain C, Vaquero J, Bañares R, Nelson LJ, Trautwein C, Davis RJ, Martinez-Naves E, Nevzorova YA, Villanueva A, Avila MA, Cubero FJ. Activation of the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) Is Associated with Cholangiocellular Injury, Fibrosis and Carcinogenesis in an Experimental Model of Fibropolycystic Liver Disease. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 14:cancers14010078. [PMID: 35008241 PMCID: PMC8750579 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14010078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Polycystic liver disease (PLD) is a group of rare disorders that result from structural changes in the biliary tree development in the liver. In the present work, we studied alterations in molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways that might be responsible for these pathologies. We found that activation of the unfolded protein response, a process that occurs in response to an accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum, as well as the scarring of the liver tissue, contribute to the pathogenesis of PLD and the development of cancer. As a preclinical animal model we have used mutant mice of a specific signaling pathway, the c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1/2 (Jnk1/2). These mice resemble a perfect model for the study of PLD and early cancer development. Abstract Fibropolycystic liver disease is characterized by hyperproliferation of the biliary epithelium and the formation of multiple dilated cysts, a process associated with unfolded protein response (UPR). In the present study, we aimed to understand the mechanisms of cyst formation and UPR activation in hepatocytic c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1/2 (Jnk1/2) knockout mice. Floxed JNK1/2 (Jnkf/f) and Jnk∆hepa animals were sacrificed at different time points during progression of liver disease. Histological examination of specimens evidenced the presence of collagen fiber deposition, increased α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA), infiltration of CD45, CD11b and F4/80 cells and proinflammatory cytokines (Tnf, Tgfβ1) and liver injury (e.g., ALT, apoptosis and Ki67-positive cells) in Jnk∆hepa compared with Jnkf/f livers from 32 weeks of age. This was associated with activation of effectors of the UPR, including BiP/GRP78, CHOP and spliced XBP1. Tunicamycin (TM) challenge strongly induced ER stress and fibrosis in Jnk∆hepa animals compared with Jnkf/f littermates. Finally, thioacetamide (TAA) administration to Jnk∆hepa mice induced UPR activation, peribiliary fibrosis, liver injury and markers of biliary proliferation and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). Orthoallografts of DEN/CCl4-treated Jnk∆hepa liver tissue triggered malignant CCA. Altogether, these results suggest that activation of the UPR in conjunction with fibrogenesis might trigger hepatic cystogenesis and early stages of CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaobo Chen
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, Complutense University School of Medicine, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.C.); (H.W.); (H.Y.); (A.T.); (K.Z.); (E.M.-N.); (Y.A.N.)
- 12 de Octubre Health Research Institute (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Department of General Surgery, Wuxi Branch of Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Wuxi 214105, China
- Department of Hepatic-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Hanghang Wu
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, Complutense University School of Medicine, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.C.); (H.W.); (H.Y.); (A.T.); (K.Z.); (E.M.-N.); (Y.A.N.)
| | - Hui Ye
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, Complutense University School of Medicine, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.C.); (H.W.); (H.Y.); (A.T.); (K.Z.); (E.M.-N.); (Y.A.N.)
- Department of Anesthesia, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Agustín Tortajada
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, Complutense University School of Medicine, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.C.); (H.W.); (H.Y.); (A.T.); (K.Z.); (E.M.-N.); (Y.A.N.)
- 12 de Octubre Health Research Institute (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Rodríguez-Perales
- Molecular Cytogenetics and Genome Editing Unit, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (S.R.-P.); (R.T.-R.)
| | - Raúl Torres-Ruiz
- Molecular Cytogenetics and Genome Editing Unit, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (S.R.-P.); (R.T.-R.)
| | - August Vidal
- Laboratorio de Investigación Traslacional (LRT1)-ProCURE, Institut Català d’Oncologia (ICO)-IDIBELL, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain; (A.V.); (A.V.)
| | - Maria Isabel Peligros
- Institute of Pathology, Hospital Universitario Gregorio Marañon, 28007 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Johanna Reissing
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (J.R.); (T.B.); (M.R.M.); (C.T.)
| | - Tony Bruns
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (J.R.); (T.B.); (M.R.M.); (C.T.)
| | - Mohamed Ramadan Mohamed
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (J.R.); (T.B.); (M.R.M.); (C.T.)
| | - Kang Zheng
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, Complutense University School of Medicine, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.C.); (H.W.); (H.Y.); (A.T.); (K.Z.); (E.M.-N.); (Y.A.N.)
| | - Amaia Lujambio
- Liver Cancer Program, Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA;
- The Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Maria J. Iraburu
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
| | - Leticia Colyn
- Hepatology Program, Cima, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (L.C.); (M.U.L.); (M.A.); (M.G.F.-B.); (C.B.)
| | - Maria Ujue Latasa
- Hepatology Program, Cima, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (L.C.); (M.U.L.); (M.A.); (M.G.F.-B.); (C.B.)
| | - María Arechederra
- Hepatology Program, Cima, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (L.C.); (M.U.L.); (M.A.); (M.G.F.-B.); (C.B.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.V.); (R.B.)
- Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias de Navarra-IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Maite G. Fernández-Barrena
- Hepatology Program, Cima, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (L.C.); (M.U.L.); (M.A.); (M.G.F.-B.); (C.B.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.V.); (R.B.)
- Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias de Navarra-IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Carmen Berasain
- Hepatology Program, Cima, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (L.C.); (M.U.L.); (M.A.); (M.G.F.-B.); (C.B.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.V.); (R.B.)
- Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias de Navarra-IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Javier Vaquero
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.V.); (R.B.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), 28007 Madrid, Spain
- Servicio de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Bañares
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.V.); (R.B.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), 28007 Madrid, Spain
- Servicio de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain
| | - Leonard J. Nelson
- Institute for Bioengineering (IBioE), Faraday Building, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9AB, UK;
| | - Christian Trautwein
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (J.R.); (T.B.); (M.R.M.); (C.T.)
| | - Roger J. Davis
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA;
| | - Eduardo Martinez-Naves
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, Complutense University School of Medicine, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.C.); (H.W.); (H.Y.); (A.T.); (K.Z.); (E.M.-N.); (Y.A.N.)
- 12 de Octubre Health Research Institute (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Yulia A. Nevzorova
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, Complutense University School of Medicine, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.C.); (H.W.); (H.Y.); (A.T.); (K.Z.); (E.M.-N.); (Y.A.N.)
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (J.R.); (T.B.); (M.R.M.); (C.T.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.V.); (R.B.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), 28007 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Villanueva
- Laboratorio de Investigación Traslacional (LRT1)-ProCURE, Institut Català d’Oncologia (ICO)-IDIBELL, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain; (A.V.); (A.V.)
| | - Matias A. Avila
- Hepatology Program, Cima, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (L.C.); (M.U.L.); (M.A.); (M.G.F.-B.); (C.B.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.V.); (R.B.)
- Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias de Navarra-IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.A.A.); (F.J.C.); Tel.: +34-91-394-1385 (F.J.C.); Fax: +34-91-394-1641 (F.J.C.)
| | - Francisco Javier Cubero
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, Complutense University School of Medicine, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.C.); (H.W.); (H.Y.); (A.T.); (K.Z.); (E.M.-N.); (Y.A.N.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.V.); (R.B.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), 28007 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.A.A.); (F.J.C.); Tel.: +34-91-394-1385 (F.J.C.); Fax: +34-91-394-1641 (F.J.C.)
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26
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Thangamani S, Monasky R, Lee JK, Antharam V, HogenEsch H, Hazbun TR, Jin Y, Gu H, Guo GL. Bile Acid Regulates the Colonization and Dissemination of Candida albicans from the Gastrointestinal Tract by Controlling Host Defense System and Microbiota. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7121030. [PMID: 34947012 PMCID: PMC8708873 DOI: 10.3390/jof7121030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans (CA), a commensal and opportunistic eukaryotic organism, frequently inhabits the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and causes life-threatening infections. Antibiotic-induced gut dysbiosis is a major risk factor for increased CA colonization and dissemination from the GI tract. We identified a significant increase of taurocholic acid (TCA), a major bile acid in antibiotic-treated mice susceptible to CA infection. In vivo findings indicate that administration of TCA through drinking water is sufficient to induce colonization and dissemination of CA in wild-type and immunosuppressed mice. Treatment with TCA significantly reduced mRNA expression of immune genes ang4 and Cxcr3 in the colon. In addition, TCA significantly decreased the relative abundance of three culturable species of commensal bacteria, Turicibacter sanguinis, Lactobacillus johnsonii, and Clostridium celatum, in both cecal contents and mucosal scrapings from the colon. Taken together, our results indicate that TCA promotes fungal colonization and dissemination of CA from the GI tract by controlling the host defense system and intestinal microbiota that play a critical role in regulating CA in the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shankar Thangamani
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA;
- Purdue Institute for Immunology, Inflammation and Infectious Diseases (PI4D), West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA; (R.M.); (J.K.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-765-494-0763
| | - Ross Monasky
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA; (R.M.); (J.K.L.)
| | - Jung Keun Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA; (R.M.); (J.K.L.)
| | - Vijay Antharam
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts, Humanities and Sciences, Methodist University, Fayetteville, NC 28311, USA;
| | - Harm HogenEsch
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA;
- Purdue Institute for Immunology, Inflammation and Infectious Diseases (PI4D), West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
| | - Tony R. Hazbun
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA;
| | - Yan Jin
- Arizona Metabolomics Laboratory, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA; (Y.J.); (H.G.)
| | - Haiwei Gu
- Arizona Metabolomics Laboratory, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA; (Y.J.); (H.G.)
- Center for Translational Science, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Port St. Lucie, FL 33199, USA
| | - Grace L. Guo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Earnest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA;
- Department of Veterans Affairs New Jersey Health Care System, East Orange, NJ 07018, USA
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27
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Lepore A, Choy PM, Lee NCW, Carella MA, Favicchio R, Briones-Orta MA, Glaser SS, Alpini G, D'Santos C, Tooze RM, Lorger M, Syn WK, Papakyriakou A, Giamas G, Bubici C, Papa S. Phosphorylation and Stabilization of PIN1 by JNK Promote Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma Growth. Hepatology 2021; 74:2561-2579. [PMID: 34048060 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is a highly aggressive type of liver cancer in urgent need of treatment options. Aberrant activation of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway is a key feature in ICC and an attractive candidate target for its treatment. However, the mechanisms by which constitutive JNK activation promotes ICC growth, and therefore the key downstream effectors of this pathway, remain unknown for their applicability as therapeutic targets. Our aim was to obtain a better mechanistic understanding of the role of JNK signaling in ICC that could open up therapeutic opportunities. APPROACH AND RESULTS Using loss-of-function and gain-of-function studies in vitro and in vivo, we show that activation of the JNK pathway promotes ICC cell proliferation by affecting the protein stability of peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1 (PIN1), a key driver of tumorigenesis. PIN1 is highly expressed in ICC primary tumors, and its expression positively correlates with active JNK. Mechanistically, the JNK kinases directly bind to and phosphorylate PIN1 at Ser115, and this phosphorylation prevents PIN1 mono-ubiquitination at Lys117 and its proteasomal degradation. Moreover, pharmacological inhibition of PIN1 through all-trans retinoic acid, a Food and Drug Administration-approved drug, impairs the growth of both cultured and xenografted ICC cells. CONCLUSIONS Our findings implicate the JNK-PIN1 regulatory axis as a functionally important determinant for ICC growth, and provide a rationale for therapeutic targeting of JNK activation through PIN1 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Lepore
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St. James', Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, St. James' University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Pui Man Choy
- Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research and Birkbeck University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nathan C W Lee
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St. James', Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, St. James' University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Annunziata Carella
- Center for Genome Engineering and Maintenance, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
| | - Rosy Favicchio
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marco A Briones-Orta
- Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research and Birkbeck University of London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Shannon S Glaser
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX
| | - Gianfranco Alpini
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Clive D'Santos
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Reuben M Tooze
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St. James', Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, St. James' University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Mihaela Lorger
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St. James', Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, St. James' University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Wing-Kin Syn
- Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research and Birkbeck University of London, London, United Kingdom
- Section of Gastroenterology, Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | - Athanasios Papakyriakou
- Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Center for Scientific Research, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Giamas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Concetta Bubici
- Center for Genome Engineering and Maintenance, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
| | - Salvatore Papa
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St. James', Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, St. James' University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
- Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research and Birkbeck University of London, London, United Kingdom
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28
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JNK signaling prevents biliary cyst formation through a CASPASE-8-dependent function of RIPK1 during aging. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2007194118. [PMID: 33798093 PMCID: PMC8000530 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2007194118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
JNK signaling has been studied intensively in models of liver physiology and disease, but previous studies had focused on young mice. However, it had not been recognized that JNK plays a fundamental role in maintaining liver homeostasis and preventing the formation of biliary cysts in aging mice. These observations call for caution in all long-term pharmacological inhibition strategies targeting the JNK pathway. Finally, our results provide evidence of a molecular link between JNK and the cell-death mediator RIPK1. The specific overexpression of RIPK1 in cysts of a subset of patients with polycystic liver disease suggests that RIPK1 might be mechanistically involved in the pathogenesis of human biliary cysts. The c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway mediates adaptation to stress signals and has been associated with cell death, cell proliferation, and malignant transformation in the liver. However, up to now, its function was experimentally studied mainly in young mice. By generating mice with combined conditional ablation of Jnk1 and Jnk2 in liver parenchymal cells (LPCs) (JNK1/2LPC-KO mice; KO, knockout), we unraveled a function of the JNK pathway in the regulation of liver homeostasis during aging. Aging JNK1/2LPC-KO mice spontaneously developed large biliary cysts that originated from the biliary cell compartment. Mechanistically, we could show that cyst formation in livers of JNK1/2LPC-KO mice was dependent on receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1), a known regulator of cell survival, apoptosis, and necroptosis. In line with this, we showed that RIPK1 was overexpressed in the human cyst epithelium of a subset of patients with polycystic liver disease. Collectively, these data reveal a functional interaction between JNK signaling and RIPK1 in age-related progressive cyst development. Thus, they provide a functional linkage between stress adaptation and programmed cell death (PCD) in the maintenance of liver homeostasis during aging.
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Zhang C, Yang M. The Emerging Factors and Treatment Options for NAFLD-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13153740. [PMID: 34359642 PMCID: PMC8345138 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13153740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease, and it is an increasing factor in the cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The incidence of NAFLD has increased in recent decades, accompanied by an increase in the prevalence of other metabolic diseases, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. However, current treatment options are limited. Both genetic factors and non-genetic factors impact the initiation and progression of NAFLD-related HCC. The early diagnosis of liver cancer predicts curative treatment and longer survival. Some key molecules play pivotal roles in the initiation and progression of NAFLD-related HCC, which can be targeted to impede HCC development. In this review, we summarize some key factors and important molecules in NAFLD-related HCC development, the latest progress in HCC diagnosis and treatment options, and some current clinical trials for NAFLD treatment. Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary liver cancer, followed by cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). HCC is the third most common cause of cancer death worldwide, and its incidence is rising, associated with an increased prevalence of obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, current treatment options are limited. Genetic factors and epigenetic factors, influenced by age and environment, significantly impact the initiation and progression of NAFLD-related HCC. In addition, both transcriptional factors and post-transcriptional modification are critically important for the development of HCC in the fatty liver under inflammatory and fibrotic conditions. The early diagnosis of liver cancer predicts curative treatment and longer survival. However, clinical HCC cases are commonly found in a very late stage due to the asymptomatic nature of the early stage of NAFLD-related HCC. The development of diagnostic methods and novel biomarkers, as well as the combined evaluation algorithm and artificial intelligence, support the early and precise diagnosis of NAFLD-related HCC, and timely monitoring during its progression. Treatment options for HCC and NAFLD-related HCC include immunotherapy, CAR T cell therapy, peptide treatment, bariatric surgery, anti-fibrotic treatment, and so on. Overall, the incidence of NAFLD-related HCC is increasing, and a better understanding of the underlying mechanism implicated in the progression of NAFLD-related HCC is essential for improving treatment and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunye Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA;
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Correspondence:
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30
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Circadian Clock and Liver Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13143631. [PMID: 34298842 PMCID: PMC8306099 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The circadian coordination of metabolism is tightly regulated, and its alteration can trigger several diseases, including liver steatohepatitis and cancer. Many factors (such as diet and jet lag) shape both the liver molecular clock and the circadian transcription/translation of genes related to different metabolic pathways. Here, we summarize our current knowledge about the molecular mechanisms that control this circadian regulation of liver metabolism. Abstract Circadian clocks control several homeostatic processes in mammals through internal molecular mechanisms. Chronic perturbation of circadian rhythms is associated with metabolic diseases and increased cancer risk, including liver cancer. The hepatic physiology follows a daily rhythm, driven by clock genes that control the expression of several proteins involved in distinct metabolic pathways. Alteration of the liver clock results in metabolic disorders, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD) and impaired glucose metabolism, that can trigger the activation of oncogenic pathways, inducing spontaneous hepatocarcinoma (HCC). In this review, we provide an overview of the role of the liver clock in the metabolic and oncogenic changes that lead to HCC and discuss new potentially useful targets for prevention and management of HCC.
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31
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Colyn L, Bárcena-Varela M, Álvarez-Sola G, Latasa MU, Uriarte I, Santamaría E, Herranz JM, Santos-Laso A, Arechederra M, Ruiz de Gauna M, Aspichueta P, Canale M, Casadei-Gardini A, Francesconi M, Carotti S, Morini S, Nelson LJ, Iraburu MJ, Chen C, Sangro B, Marin JJG, Martinez-Chantar ML, Banales JM, Arnes-Benito R, Huch M, Patino JM, Dar AA, Nosrati M, Oyarzábal J, Prósper F, Urman J, Cubero FJ, Trautwein C, Berasain C, Fernandez-Barrena MG, Avila MA. Dual Targeting of G9a and DNA Methyltransferase-1 for the Treatment of Experimental Cholangiocarcinoma. Hepatology 2021; 73:2380-2396. [PMID: 33222246 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a devastating disease often detected at advanced stages when surgery cannot be performed. Conventional and targeted systemic therapies perform poorly, and therefore effective drugs are urgently needed. Different epigenetic modifications occur in CCA and contribute to malignancy. Targeting epigenetic mechanisms may thus open therapeutic opportunities. However, modifications such as DNA and histone methylation often coexist and cooperate in carcinogenesis. We tested the therapeutic efficacy and mechanism of action of a class of dual G9a histone-methyltransferase and DNA-methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) inhibitors. APPROACH AND RESULTS Expression of G9a, DNMT1, and their molecular adaptor, ubiquitin-like with PHD and RING finger domains-1 (UHRF1), was determined in human CCA. We evaluated the effect of individual and combined pharmacological inhibition of G9a and DNMT1 on CCA cell growth. Our lead G9a/DNMT1 inhibitor, CM272, was tested in human CCA cells, patient-derived tumoroids and xenograft, and a mouse model of cholangiocarcinogenesis with hepatocellular deletion of c-Jun-N-terminal-kinase (Jnk)-1/2 and diethyl-nitrosamine (DEN) plus CCl4 treatment (JnkΔhepa + DEN + CCl4 mice). We found an increased and correlative expression of G9a, DNMT1, and UHRF1 in CCAs. Cotreatment with independent pharmacological inhibitors G9a and DNMT1 synergistically inhibited CCA cell growth. CM272 markedly reduced CCA cell proliferation and synergized with Cisplatin and the ERBB-targeted inhibitor, Lapatinib. CM272 inhibited CCA tumoroids and xenograft growth and significantly antagonized CCA progression in JnkΔhepa + DEN + CCl4 mice without apparent toxicity. Mechanistically, CM272 reprogrammed the tumoral metabolic transcriptome and phenotype toward a differentiated and quiescent status. CONCLUSIONS Dual targeting of G9a and DNMT1 with epigenetic small molecule inhibitors such as CM272 is a potential strategy to treat CCA and/or enhance the efficacy of other systemic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Colyn
- Hepatology Program, CIMA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Gloria Álvarez-Sola
- Hepatology Program, CIMA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Ujue Latasa
- Hepatology Program, CIMA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Iker Uriarte
- Hepatology Program, CIMA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Santamaría
- Hepatology Program, CIMA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose M Herranz
- Hepatology Program, CIMA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alvaro Santos-Laso
- Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Donostia University Hospital, Ikerbasque, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | | | - Mikel Ruiz de Gauna
- Biocruces Health Research Institute, Department of Physiology, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain
| | - Patricia Aspichueta
- Biocruces Health Research Institute, Department of Physiology, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain
| | - Matteo Canale
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Andrea Casadei-Gardini
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University and Unit of Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Francesconi
- Unit of Microscopic and Ultrastructural Anatomy, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Carotti
- Unit of Microscopic and Ultrastructural Anatomy, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy.,Predictive Molecular Diagnostic Division, Pathology Department, Campus Bio-Medico University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Morini
- Unit of Microscopic and Ultrastructural Anatomy, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | - Leonard J Nelson
- School of Engineering, Institute of Engineering, The University of Edimburgh, Edimburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Maria J Iraburu
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Chaobo Chen
- Department of Immunology, Ophtalmology and ENT, School of Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Bruno Sangro
- CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Hepatology Unit, Navarra University Clinic, Pamplona, Spain.,Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias de Navarra IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jose J G Marin
- CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEFARM), University of Salamanca, IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Maria L Martinez-Chantar
- CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Liver Disease Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CICbioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain
| | - Jesus M Banales
- CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Donostia University Hospital, Ikerbasque, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Robert Arnes-Benito
- Max Plank Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Meritxell Huch
- Max Plank Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - John M Patino
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA
| | - Altaf A Dar
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA
| | - Mehdi Nosrati
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA
| | - Julen Oyarzábal
- Molecular Therapies Program, CIMA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Felipe Prósper
- Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias de Navarra IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain.,Oncohematology Program, CIMA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jesus Urman
- Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias de Navarra IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Digestive Diseases, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Cubero
- Department of Immunology, Ophtalmology and ENT, School of Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Christian Trautwein
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Carmen Berasain
- Hepatology Program, CIMA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias de Navarra IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Maite G Fernandez-Barrena
- Hepatology Program, CIMA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias de Navarra IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Matias A Avila
- Hepatology Program, CIMA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias de Navarra IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
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32
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Peng W, Dai MY, Bao LJ, Zhu WF, Li F. FXR activation prevents liver injury induced by Tripterygium wilfordii preparations. Xenobiotica 2021; 51:716-727. [PMID: 33704005 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2021.1900626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Tripterygium glycosides tablets (TGT) and Tripterygium wilfordii tablets (TWT) are the preparations of Tripterygium wilfordii used to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in the clinic, but the hepatotoxicity was reported frequently. This study aimed to determine the potential toxicity mechanism of liver injury induced by the preparations of Tripterygium wilfordii in mice.Here, we performed metabolomic analysis, pathological analysis and biochemical analysis of samples from mice with liver injury induced by TGT and TWT, which revealed that liver injury was associated with bile acid metabolism disorder. Quantitative real-time PCR (QPCR) and western blot indicated that the above changes were accompanied by inhibition of farnesoid X receptor (FXR) signalling.Liver injury from TWT could be alleviated by treatment of the FXR agonist obeticholic acid (OCA) via activation of the FXR to inhibit the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway and improve bile acid metabolism disorder by activating bile salt export pump (BSEP) and organic solute-transporter-β (OSTB). The data demonstrate that FXR signalling pathway plays a key role in T. wilfordii-induced liver injury, which could be alleviated by activated FXR.These results indicate that FXR activation by OCA may offer a promising therapeutic opportunity against hepatotoxicity from the preparations of T. wilfordii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Laboratory of Metabolomics and Drug-Induced Liver Injury, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Man-Yun Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Laboratory of Metabolomics and Drug-Induced Liver Injury, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li-Juan Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Wei-Feng Zhu
- Academician Workstation, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Fei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.,Laboratory of Metabolomics and Drug-Induced Liver Injury, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Qiu J, Yan J, Liu W, Liu X, Lin J, Du Z, Qi L, Liu J, Xie G, Liu P, Wang X. Metabolomics analysis delineates the therapeutic effects of Huangqi decoction and astragalosides on α-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT) -induced cholestasis in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 268:113658. [PMID: 33307056 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cholestasis caused by bile secretion and excretion disorders is a serious manifestation of liver disease. With limited treatment methods, it affects millions of people worldwide. Huangqi decoction (HQD), an effective traditional Chinese medicine, is used to treat chronic cholestatic liver diseases. However, the action mechanisms of it were not fully elucidated. AIM OF THE STUDY We aim to investigate the therapeutic effect of HQD, and its active component, astragalosides, against α-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT)-induced cholestasis in rats based on targeted metabolomics analysis and revel the potential mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS The therapeutic effect of HQD and astragalosides on ANIT-induced cholestasis model rats were evaluated by serum biochemical analysis. Liver damage was identified by histopathology. The levels of bile acids (BAs) and free fatty acids (FFAs) in serum and liver tissues were measured by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UPLC-TQMS). qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis were used to measure the expression of nuclear hormone receptor, membrane receptor and BA transporter protein in cholestatic rats before and after HQD and astragalosides treatment. RESULTS The obtained data showed that the administration of ANIT caused obvious cholestasis with significantly increased intrahepatic retention of hydrophobic BAs and altered FFAs, which were consistent with the liver histopathological and serum biochemical findings. HQD and astragalosides treatment were able to attenuate ANIT-induced BAs and FFAs perturbation, ameliorate the impaired liver function, histopathological ductular reaction, and lipid peroxidation damage by ANIT. Elevated mRNA and protein expression of transporters related to BA metabolism and genes related to lipogenesis and lipid oxidation metabolism in cholestasis were attenuated or normalized by HQD and astragalosides treatment. CONCLUSIONS Intervention by ANIT can significantly change the homeostasis of BAs and FFAs. HQD and astragalosides exerted a hepatoprotective effect against cholestatic liver injury by restoring the altered BA and FFA metabolism through the improvement of BA transporter, nucleus hormone receptor, and membrane receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiannan Qiu
- E-institute of Shanghai Municipal Education Committee, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Jingyu Yan
- E-institute of Shanghai Municipal Education Committee, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China; Shanxi Technology and Business College, Taiyuan, 030006, China.
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital, Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Xinzhu Liu
- E-institute of Shanghai Municipal Education Committee, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Jingchao Lin
- Human Metabolomics Institute, Inc., Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518109, China.
| | - Zeng Du
- E-institute of Shanghai Municipal Education Committee, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Li Qi
- E-institute of Shanghai Municipal Education Committee, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Jia Liu
- E-institute of Shanghai Municipal Education Committee, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Guoxiang Xie
- E-institute of Shanghai Municipal Education Committee, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China; Human Metabolomics Institute, Inc., Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518109, China.
| | - Ping Liu
- E-institute of Shanghai Municipal Education Committee, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China; Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital, Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Xiaoning Wang
- E-institute of Shanghai Municipal Education Committee, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China; Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital, Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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Zhang Y, Bi M, Chen Z, Dai M, Zhou G, Hu Y, Yang H, Guan W. Hydrogen gas alleviates acute alcohol-induced liver injury by inhibiting JNK activation. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:453. [PMID: 33767761 PMCID: PMC7976433 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.9884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Binge alcohol drinking is fast becoming a global health concern, with the liver among the first organ involved and the one afflicted with the greatest degree of injury. Oxidative stress, alterations in hepatic metabolism, immunity and inflammation have all been reported to contribute to the development of alcoholic liver disease (ALD). Hydrogen gas (H2) serves a key role in the modulation of hepatic redox, immune and inflammatory homeostasis. However, the effects of treatment using intraperitoneal injection of H2 on ALD remain unexplored. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effects and underlying mechanism of intraperitoneal injection of H2 on acute alcohol-induced liver injury in a mouse model. H2 was administered by daily intraperitoneal injections (1.0 ml/100 g) for 4 days. On day 4, the mice received H2 after fasting for 5.5 h. After 30 min, the mice were administered with 33% (v/v) ethanol at a cumulative dose of 4.5 g/kg body weight by four equally divided gavages at 20-min intervals. Blood and liver tissues were collected at 16 h after the first ethanol gavage. Subsequently, serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), triglyceride and total cholesterol (TC) levels were analyzed using an Automatic Clinical Analyzer. Hepatic JNK activity and GAPDH levels were examined by western blotting. It was observed that acute ethanol gavage induced liver injury, as indicated by significantly increased serum ALT and AST levels, which were effectively decreased by H2 at 16 h after the first ethanol gavage. In addition, H2 treatment reduced serum TC levels in the Alcohol+H2 group when compared with those in Alcohol group. Mechanistically, H2 attenuated hepatic JNK phosphorylation induced by acute ethanol gavage. Therefore, the results of the present study demonstrated that treatment with exogenous H2 by intraperitoneal injection may alleviate acute alcohol-induced liver injury by inhibiting hepatic JNK activation, which may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxing Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Mingmin Bi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, P.R. China.,Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Zifeng Chen
- Biofeedback Laboratory, Xinhua College of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510520, P.R. China.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Xinhua College of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510520, P.R. China
| | - Min Dai
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Ge Zhou
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Yuxuan Hu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Hongzhi Yang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Weibing Guan
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
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Cicuéndez B, Ruiz-Garrido I, Mora A, Sabio G. Stress kinases in the development of liver steatosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Mol Metab 2021; 50:101190. [PMID: 33588102 PMCID: PMC8324677 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an important component of metabolic syndrome and one of the most prevalent liver diseases worldwide. This disorder is closely linked to hepatic insulin resistance, lipotoxicity, and inflammation. Although the mechanisms that cause steatosis and chronic liver injury in NAFLD remain unclear, a key component of this process is the activation of stress-activated kinases (SAPKs), including p38 and JNK in the liver and immune system. This review summarizes findings which indicate that the dysregulation of stress kinases plays a fundamental role in the development of steatosis and are important players in inducing liver fibrosis. To avoid the development of steatohepatitis and liver cancer, SAPK activity must be tightly regulated not only in the hepatocytes but also in other tissues, including cells of the immune system. Possible cellular mechanisms of SAPK actions are discussed. Hepatic JNK triggers steatosis and insulin resistance, decreasing lipid oxidation and ketogenesis in HFD-fed mice. Decreased liver expression of p38α/β in HFD increases lipogenesis. Hepatic p38γ/δ drive insulin resistance and inhibit autophagy, which may lead to steatosis. Macrophage p38α/β promote cytokine production and M1 polarization, leading to lipid accumulation in hepatocytes. Myeloid p38γ/δ contribute to cytokine production and neutrophil migration, protecting against steatosis, diabetes and NAFLD. JNK1 and p38γ induce HCC while p38α blocks it. However, deletion of hepatic JNK1/2 induces cholangiocarcinoma. SAPK are potential therapeutic target for metabolic disorders, steatohepatitis and liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Cicuéndez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Ruiz-Garrido
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfonso Mora
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Guadalupe Sabio
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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Herrera-Melle L, Crespo M, Leiva M, Sabio G. Stress-activated kinases signaling pathways in cancer development. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2020.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
Obesity is a health condition that has reached pandemic levels and is implicated in the development and progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus, cancer and heart failure. A key characteristic of obesity is the activation of stress-activated protein kinases (SAPKs), such as the p38 and JNK stress kinases, in several organs, including adipose tissue, liver, skeletal muscle, immune organs and the central nervous system. The correct timing, intensity and duration of SAPK activation contributes to cellular metabolic adaptation. By contrast, uncontrolled SAPK activation has been proposed to contribute to the complications of obesity. The stress kinase signalling pathways have therefore been identified as potential targets for the development of novel therapeutic approaches for metabolic syndrome. The past few decades have seen intense research efforts to determine how these kinases are regulated in a cell-specific manner and to define their contribution to the development of obesity and insulin resistance. Several studies have uncovered new and unexpected functions of the non-classical members of both pathways. Here, we provide an overview of the role of SAPKs in metabolic control and highlight important discoveries in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Nikolic
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Magdalena Leiva
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Guadalupe Sabio
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.
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