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Chaturvedi RK, Tripathi A, Pandey R, Raghubanshi AS, Singh JS. Assessment of habitat features modulated carbon sequestration strategies for drought management in tropical dry forest fragments. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 951:175703. [PMID: 39179036 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
Habitat features, such as species diversity, functional diversity, tree size, disturbances and fragment sizes have differential impacts on carbon (C) storage and C-sequestration in forest ecosystems. Present study attempted to understand the tree strategies for modulating C-sequestration capacity across tropical dry forest fragments with variable edge distances. We evaluated the differences between drought strategies (i.e., drought avoiding and drought tolerant) for variations in stem density, relative growth rate (RGR), C-storage and C-sequestration, species diversity, functional diversity, tree size and disturbance indicators along edge distance gradient, besides analyzed the differences between drought strategies for responses of C-storage and C-sequestration to variations in species diversity, functional diversity, tree size and disturbance indicators. Various traits and functional indices were analyzed using standard statistical techniques. For total trees and for the two drought strategies, generalized linear modeling results showed a significant decline in stem density, RGR, C-stock, C-sequestration, species diversity, functional diversity and tree size indicators, while a considerable increase in disturbance indicators, along decreasing edge distance across the fragments. The drought strategies exhibited a high degree of variation in the slope of associations for above variables with edge distance across fragments. For predicting C-sequestration, structural equation modeling results showed highly significant influence of functional diversity indicators for drought avoiding strategy, while species diversity indicators were strongly significant for drought tolerant strategy. Moreover, fire index and drought index were critical predictors for C-sequestration for drought avoiding and drought tolerant strategies, respectively. This study provide inputs to understand the largely ignored processes of C-storage and C-sequestration in fragmented forests, which are currently prevalent due to heavy anthropogenic pressures. Our findings are useful for forest managers to understand vegetation responses to interactions of species diversity, functional diversity, tree size and disturbance indicators, for predicting the stability of larger fragments and for planning restoration of smaller fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Chaturvedi
- Center for Integrative Conservation & Yunnan Key Laboratory for Conservation of Tropical Rainforests and Asian Elephant, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun 666303, Yunnan, China.
| | - Anshuman Tripathi
- National Mineral Development Corporation Limited, Bailadila Iron Ore Mine, Bacheli Complex, Dantewada, 494553, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Rajiv Pandey
- Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education (ICFRE), Dehradun, India
| | - A S Raghubanshi
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - J S Singh
- Ecosystems Analysis Laboratory, Department of Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Wong MY, Wurzburger N, Hall JS, Wright SJ, Tang W, Hedin LO, Saltonstall K, van Breugel M, Batterman SA. Trees adjust nutrient acquisition strategies across tropical forest secondary succession. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 243:132-144. [PMID: 38742309 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Nutrient limitation may constrain the ability of recovering and mature tropical forests to serve as a carbon sink. However, it is unclear to what extent trees can utilize nutrient acquisition strategies - especially root phosphatase enzymes and mycorrhizal symbioses - to overcome low nutrient availability across secondary succession. Using a large-scale, full factorial nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization experiment of 76 plots along a secondary successional gradient in lowland wet tropical forests of Panama, we tested the extent to which root phosphatase enzyme activity and mycorrhizal colonization are flexible, and if investment shifts over succession, reflective of changing nutrient limitation. We also conducted a meta-analysis to test how tropical trees adjust these strategies in response to nutrient additions and across succession. We find that tropical trees are dynamic, adjusting investment in strategies - particularly root phosphatase - in response to changing nutrient conditions through succession. These changes reflect a shift from strong nitrogen to weak phosphorus limitation over succession. Our meta-analysis findings were consistent with our field study; we found more predictable responses of root phosphatase than mycorrhizal colonization to nutrient availability. Our findings suggest that nutrient acquisition strategies respond to nutrient availability and demand in tropical forests, likely critical for alleviating nutrient limitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Y Wong
- Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, NY, 12545, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Nina Wurzburger
- Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Jefferson S Hall
- ForestGEO, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Ancón, 0843-03092, Panama, Panama
| | - S Joseph Wright
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado, 0843-03092, Balboa, Panama
| | - Wenguang Tang
- School of Geography and Priestley International Centre for Climate, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2, UK
| | - Lars O Hedin
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Kristin Saltonstall
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado, 0843-03092, Balboa, Panama
| | - Michiel van Breugel
- ForestGEO, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Ancón, 0843-03092, Panama, Panama
- Department of Geography, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119077, Singapore
- Yale-NUS College, Singapore, 138527, Singapore
| | - Sarah A Batterman
- Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, NY, 12545, USA
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado, 0843-03092, Balboa, Panama
- School of Geography and Priestley International Centre for Climate, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2, UK
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Zhou C, Ding Y, Zang R. Compositional changes at neighborhood and stand scales during recovery of a tropical lowland rainforest after shifting cultivation on Hainan Island, China. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 351:119951. [PMID: 38171125 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Understanding compositional changes during secondary forest recovery is crucial for effective restoration efforts. While previous research has predominantly focused on shifts in species composition at the stand scale, this study delves into the recovery dynamics in three compositional aspects of location (neighbor distances), size (tree diameters), and species (tree species) at both stand and neighborhood scale. The investigation spans nine chronosequence plots within a tropical lowland rainforest ecosystem after shifting cultivation, including three each for young-secondary forests (18-30 years), old-secondary forests (60 years), and old-growth forests (without obvious human interference). The quantification of location, size, and species composition involved categorized neighbor distances (Near, Moderate, Far-distance), tree diameters (Small, Medium, Large-tree), and tree species (Pioneer, Intermediate, Climax-species) into three groups, respectively. Compositional changes at the stand scale (plot) were directly based on these groups, while at the neighborhood scale, assessment involved combination types of these groups within a neighborhood (comprising three adjacent trees). At the stand scale, neighbor distances shifted from Near to Moderate and Far, tree diameters transitioned from Small to Medium and Large, and tree species of Pioneer gave way to Climax. Meanwhile, at the neighborhood scale, there was a notable decline in the aggregations of Near-distance (N), Small-tree (S), and Pioneer-species (P), while the mixtures of Far and Moderate-distance (F-M), Large and Small-tree (L-S), and Climax and Intermediate-species (C-I) experienced a marked increase. The compositional change exhibited a recovery pattern, with the fastest recovery in neighbor distances, followed by tree diameters and tree species. Moreover, compositional recovery in tree diameters and tree species at the neighborhood scale generally lagged behind that at the stand scale. The study suggests that rapid restoration of secondary forest can be achieved by different targeted cutting according to the recovery stages, aimed at reduce the Pioneer-species, Small-tree and Near-distance in neighborhood. Our findings underscore that analyzing the compositional changes in three aspects at two scales not only provides a profound understanding of secondary forest recovery dynamics, but also offers valuable insights for guiding practices in the restoration of degraded forest ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaofan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China; Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Ding
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China; Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Runguo Zang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China; Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China.
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Poorter L, Amissah L, Bongers F, Hordijk I, Kok J, Laurance SGW, Lohbeck M, Martínez-Ramos M, Matsuo T, Meave JA, Muñoz R, Peña-Claros M, van der Sande MT. Successional theories. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2023; 98:2049-2077. [PMID: 37455023 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Succession is a fundamental concept in ecology because it indicates how species populations, communities, and ecosystems change over time on new substrate or after a disturbance. A mechanistic understanding of succession is needed to predict how ecosystems will respond to land-use change and to design effective ecosystem restoration strategies. Yet, despite a century of conceptual advances a comprehensive successional theory is lacking. Here we provide an overview of 19 successional theories ('models') and their key points, group them based on conceptual similarity, explain conceptual development in successional ideas and provide suggestions how to move forward. Four groups of models can be recognised. The first group (patch & plants) focuses on plants at the patch level and consists of three subgroups that originated in the early 20th century. One subgroup focuses on the processes (dispersal, establishment, and performance) that operate sequentially during succession. Another subgroup emphasises individualistic species responses during succession, and how this is driven by species traits. A last subgroup focuses on how vegetation structure and underlying demographic processes change during succession. A second group of models (ecosystems) provides a more holistic view of succession by considering the ecosystem, its biota, interactions, diversity, and ecosystem structure and processes. The third group (landscape) considers a larger spatial scale and includes the effect of the surrounding landscape matrix on succession as the distance to neighbouring vegetation patches determines the potential for seed dispersal, and the quality of the neighbouring patches determines the abundance and composition of seed sources and biotic dispersal vectors. A fourth group (socio-ecological systems) includes the human component by focusing on socio-ecological systems where management practices have long-lasting legacies on successional pathways and where regrowing vegetations deliver a range of ecosystem services to local and global stakeholders. The four groups of models differ in spatial scale (patch, landscape) or organisational level (plant species, ecosystem, socio-ecological system), increase in scale and scope, and reflect the increasingly broader perspective on succession over time. They coincide approximately with four periods that reflect the prevailing view of succession of that time, although all views still coexist. The four successional views are: succession of plants (from 1910 onwards) where succession was seen through the lens of species replacement; succession of communities and ecosystems (from 1965 onwards) when there was a more holistic view of succession; succession in landscapes (from 2000 onwards) when it was realised that the structure and composition of landscapes strongly impact successional pathways, and increased remote-sensing technology allowed for a better quantification of the landscape context; and succession with people (from 2015 onwards) when it was realised that people and societal drivers have strong effects on successional pathways, that ecosystem processes and services are important for human well-being, and that restoration is most successful when it is done by and for local people. Our review suggests that the hierarchical successional framework of Pickett is the best starting point to move forward as this framework already includes several factors, and because it is flexible, enabling application to different systems. The framework focuses mainly on species replacement and could be improved by focusing on succession occurring at different hierarchical scales (population, community, ecosystem, socio-ecological system), and by integrating it with more recent developments and other successional models: by considering different spatial scales (landscape, region), temporal scales (ecosystem processes occurring over centuries, and evolution), and by taking the effects of the surrounding landscape (landscape integrity and composition, the disperser community) and societal factors (previous and current land-use intensity) into account. Such a new, comprehensive framework could be tested using a combination of empirical research, experiments, process-based modelling and novel tools. Applying the framework to seres across broadscale environmental and disturbance gradients allows a better insight into what successional processes matter and under what conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourens Poorter
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 342, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lucy Amissah
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research-Forestry Research Institute of Ghana, PO Box UP63, KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Frans Bongers
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 342, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Iris Hordijk
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 342, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jazz Kok
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 342, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Susan G W Laurance
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science (TESS), James Cook University, 14-88 McGregor Rd, Smithfield, 4878, Queensland, Australia
| | - Madelon Lohbeck
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 342, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Miguel Martínez-Ramos
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, CP 58190, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Tomonari Matsuo
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 342, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jorge A Meave
- Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico
| | - Rodrigo Muñoz
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 342, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marielos Peña-Claros
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 342, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Masha T van der Sande
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 342, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Castillo-Figueroa D, González-Melo A, Posada JM. Wood density is related to aboveground biomass and productivity along a successional gradient in upper Andean tropical forests. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1276424. [PMID: 38023915 PMCID: PMC10665531 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1276424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Wood density (WD) is a key functional trait related to ecological strategies and ecosystem carbon dynamics. Despite its importance, there is a considerable lack of information on WD in tropical Andean forests, particularly regarding its relationship with forest succession and ecosystem carbon cycling. Here, we quantified WD in 86 upper Andean tree and shrub species in central Colombia, with the aim of determining how WD changes with forest succession and how it is related to productivity. We hypothesized that WD will increase with succession because early successional forests will be colonized by acquisitive species, which typically have low WD, while the shaded understory of older forests should favor higher WD. We measured WD in 481 individuals from 27 shrub and 59 tree species, and quantified aboveground biomass (AGB), canopy height, net primary production (NPP) and species composition and abundance in 14, 400-m2, permanent plots. Mean WD was 0.513 ± 0.114 (g/cm3), with a range between 0.068 and 0.718 (g/cm3). Shrubs had, on average, higher WD (0.552 ± 0.095 g/cm3) than trees (0.488 ± 0.104 g/cm3). Community weighted mean WD (CWMwd) decreased with succession (measured as mean canopy height, AGB, and basal area); CWMwd also decreased with aboveground NPP and stem growth. In contrast, the percentage of NPP attributed to litter and the percent of shrubs in plots increased with CWMwd. Thus, our hypothesis was not supported because early successional forests had higher CWMwd than late successional forests. This was related to a high proportion of shrubs (with high WD) early in succession, which could be a consequence of: 1) a low seed availability of trees due to intense land use in the landscape and/or 2) harsh abiotic conditions early in succession that filter out trees. Forest with high CWMwd had a high %NPP attributed to litter because they were dominated by shrubs, which gain little biomass in their trunks. Our findings highlight the links between WD, succession and carbon cycling (biomass and productivity) in this biodiversity hotspot. Thus, WD is an important trait that can be used to understand upper Andean forest recovery and improve forest restoration and management practices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Juan M. Posada
- Biology Department, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, Colombia
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Villar N. Trophic cascades help restore vegetation. Science 2023; 382:516-517. [PMID: 37917711 DOI: 10.1126/science.adl0578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Herbivores and their predators have a major impact on restoration outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nacho Villar
- Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, Netherlands
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7
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Müller J, Mitesser O, Schaefer HM, Seibold S, Busse A, Kriegel P, Rabl D, Gelis R, Arteaga A, Freile J, Leite GA, de Melo TN, LeBien J, Campos-Cerqueira M, Blüthgen N, Tremlett CJ, Böttger D, Feldhaar H, Grella N, Falconí-López A, Donoso DA, Moriniere J, Buřivalová Z. Soundscapes and deep learning enable tracking biodiversity recovery in tropical forests. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6191. [PMID: 37848442 PMCID: PMC10582010 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41693-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Tropical forest recovery is fundamental to addressing the intertwined climate and biodiversity loss crises. While regenerating trees sequester carbon relatively quickly, the pace of biodiversity recovery remains contentious. Here, we use bioacoustics and metabarcoding to measure forest recovery post-agriculture in a global biodiversity hotspot in Ecuador. We show that the community composition, and not species richness, of vocalizing vertebrates identified by experts reflects the restoration gradient. Two automated measures - an acoustic index model and a bird community composition derived from an independently developed Convolutional Neural Network - correlated well with restoration (adj-R² = 0.62 and 0.69, respectively). Importantly, both measures reflected composition of non-vocalizing nocturnal insects identified via metabarcoding. We show that such automated monitoring tools, based on new technologies, can effectively monitor the success of forest recovery, using robust and reproducible data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Müller
- Field Station Fabrikschleichach, Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Glashüttenstr. 5, 96181, Rauhenebrach, Germany.
- Bavarian Forest National Park, Freyungerstr. 2, 94481, Grafenau, Germany.
| | - Oliver Mitesser
- Field Station Fabrikschleichach, Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Glashüttenstr. 5, 96181, Rauhenebrach, Germany
| | - H Martin Schaefer
- Fundación Jocotoco, Valladolid N24-414 y Luis Cordero, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Sebastian Seibold
- Technical University of Munich, School of Life Sciences, Ecosystem Dynamics and Forest Management Research Group, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354, Freising, Germany
- Berchtesgaden National Park, Doktorberg 6, Berchtesgaden, 83471, Germany
| | - Annika Busse
- Saxon-Switzerland National Park, An der Elbe 4, 01814, Bad Schandau, Germany
| | - Peter Kriegel
- Field Station Fabrikschleichach, Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Glashüttenstr. 5, 96181, Rauhenebrach, Germany
| | - Dominik Rabl
- Field Station Fabrikschleichach, Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Glashüttenstr. 5, 96181, Rauhenebrach, Germany
| | - Rudy Gelis
- Yanayacu Research Center, Cosanga, Ecuador
| | | | - Juan Freile
- Pasaje El Moro E4-216 y Norberto Salazar, EC 170902, Tumbaco, DMQ, Ecuador
| | - Gabriel Augusto Leite
- Rainforest Connection, Science Department, 440 Cobia Drive, Suite 1902, Katy, TX, 77494, USA
| | | | - Jack LeBien
- Rainforest Connection, Science Department, 440 Cobia Drive, Suite 1902, Katy, TX, 77494, USA
| | | | - Nico Blüthgen
- Ecological Networks Lab, Department of Biology, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstr. 3, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Constance J Tremlett
- Ecological Networks Lab, Department of Biology, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstr. 3, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Dennis Böttger
- Phyletisches Museum, Institute for Zoology and Evolutionary Research, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Heike Feldhaar
- Animal Population Ecology, Bayreuth Center for Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Nina Grella
- Animal Population Ecology, Bayreuth Center for Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Ana Falconí-López
- Field Station Fabrikschleichach, Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Glashüttenstr. 5, 96181, Rauhenebrach, Germany
- Grupo de Investigación en Biodiversidad, Medio Ambiente y Salud-BIOMAS-Universidad de las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
| | - David A Donoso
- Grupo de Investigación en Biodiversidad, Medio Ambiente y Salud-BIOMAS-Universidad de las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Av. Ladrón de Guevara E11-253, CP 17-01-2759, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Jerome Moriniere
- AIM - Advanced Identification Methods GmbH, Niemeyerstr. 1, 04179, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Zuzana Buřivalová
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology and The Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies, 1630 Linden Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
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Zhou C, Ding Y, Zang R. Assessing the recovery in species, size and location diversities of a lowland tropical rainforest after shifting cultivation by multiple indices at stand and neighborhood scales. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 341:118089. [PMID: 37148760 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Tropical forests are rapidly being converted for agricultural use, but abandoned agricultural lands can recover naturally through secondary succession. However, comprehensive knowledges of how species composition, size structure and spatial patterning (represented by species, size and location diversities) change during recovery at multiple scales are still lacking. Our aim was to explore these change patterns to understand the underlying mechanisms of forest recovery and propose corresponding solutions for restoring regrowing secondary forests. Here, twelve 1ha forest dynamics plots (4 plots each in young-secondary forests (YS), old-secondary forests (OS) and old-growth forests (OG) from a chronosequence of tropical lowland rainforest after shifting cultivation) were used to assessed the recovery in species, size and location diversity of trees at stand (plot) and neighborhood (focal tree and its neighbors) scale by using 8 indices. The relative recoveries of YS and OS were quantified by dividing each of the indices in YS and OS to those in OG. Results showed that species and size diversity increased while location diversity decreased with the recovery process. The relative recovery of location diversity was higher than those of species and size diversity in both YS and OS, while species diversity was only higher than size diversity in YS. The relative recovery of species diversity at neighborhood scale was higher than that at stand scale in OS, while there were no differences between scales in size and location diversity. Additionally, using only the Shannon index and Gini coefficient at two scales can provide consistent insights into the recovery patterns of diversity as indicated by the 8 indices. Our study demonstrated that recovery rates of secondary forests relative to old-growth counterparts could be comprehensively quantified using multiple diversity indices in three types at two scales. This quantitative assessment on the relative recovery of disturbed forests could be helpful in applying appropriate management activities and selecting rational approaches to speed up restoration process of degraded forest ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaofan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China; Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Ding
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China; Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Runguo Zang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China; Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China.
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Bernard T, Lambert S, Macours K, Vinez M. Impact of small farmers' access to improved seeds and deforestation in DR Congo. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1603. [PMID: 36959195 PMCID: PMC10036623 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37278-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the 1960s, the increased availability of modern seed varieties in developing countries has had large positive effects on households' well-being. However, the effect of related land use changes on deforestation and biodiversity is ambiguous. This study examines this question through a randomized control trial in a remote area in the Congo Basin rainforest with weak input and output markets. Using plot-level data on land conversion combined with remote sensing data, we find that promotion of modern seed varieties did not lead to an increase in overall deforestation by small farmers. However, farmers cleared more primary forest and less secondary forest. We attribute this to the increased demand for nitrogen required by the use of some modern seed varieties, and to the lack of alternative sources of soil nutrients, which induced farmers to shift towards cultivation of land cleared in primary forest. Unless combined with interventions to maintain soil fertility, policies to promote modern seed varieties may come at the cost of important losses in biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanguy Bernard
- Bordeaux School of Economics, Univ. Bordeaux, Pessac, 33600, France
| | | | - Karen Macours
- Paris School of Economics, INRAE, Paris, 75014, France.
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10
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Leal ODA, Jiménez-Morillo NT, González-Pérez JA, Knicker H, de Souza Costa F, Jiménez-Morillo PN, de Carvalho Júnior JA, dos Santos JC, Pinheiro Dick D. Soil Organic Matter Molecular Composition Shifts Driven by Forest Regrowth or Pasture after Slash-and-Burn of Amazon Forest. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3485. [PMID: 36834184 PMCID: PMC9962374 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Slash-and-burn of Amazon Forest (AF) for pasture establishment has increased the occurrence of AF wildfires. Recent studies emphasize soil organic matter (SOM) molecular composition as a principal driver of post-fire forest regrowth and restoration of AF anti-wildfire ambience. Nevertheless, SOM chemical shifts caused by AF fires and post-fire vegetation are rarely investigated at a molecular level. We employed pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to reveal molecular changes in SOM (0-10, 40-50 cm depth) of a slash-burn-and-20-month-regrowth AF (BAF) and a 23-year Brachiaria pasture post-AF fire (BRA) site compared to native AF (NAF). In BAF (0-10 cm), increased abundance of unspecific aromatic compounds (UACs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and lipids (Lip) coupled with a depletion of polysaccharides (Pol) revealed strong lingering effects of fire on SOM. This occurs despite fresh litter deposition on soil, suggesting SOM minimal recovery and toxicity to microorganisms. Accumulation of recalcitrant compounds and slow decomposition of fresh forest material may explain the higher carbon content in BAF (0-5 cm). In BRA, SOM was dominated by Brachiaria contributions. At 40-50 cm, alkyl and hydroaromatic compounds accumulated in BRA, whereas UACs accumulated in BAF. UACs and PAH compounds were abundant in NAF, possibly air-transported from BAF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otávio dos Anjos Leal
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences—Agrosphere (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Nicasio T. Jiménez-Morillo
- Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development-MED, Universidade de Évora, Ap 94, 7002-554 Évora, Portugal
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS-CSIC), Av. Reina Mercedes 10, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - José A. González-Pérez
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS-CSIC), Av. Reina Mercedes 10, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Heike Knicker
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS-CSIC), Av. Reina Mercedes 10, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | | | - Pedro N. Jiménez-Morillo
- Departamento de Sistemas Físicos, Químicos y Biológicos, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Ctra. Utrera, 1, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - João Andrade de Carvalho Júnior
- Departamento de Energia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Av. Ariberto Pereira da Cunha, 333, Portal das Colinas, Guaratinguetá 12516-410, Brazil
| | - José Carlos dos Santos
- Laboratório Associado de Combustão e Propulsão, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), Rodovia Presidente Dutra, km 40, Cachoeira Paulista 12630-00, Brazil
| | - Deborah Pinheiro Dick
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre 91501-970, Brazil
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11
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Kramer JMF, Zwiener VP, Müller SC. Biotic homogenization and differentiation of plant communities in tropical and subtropical forests. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2023; 37:e14025. [PMID: 36285615 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.14025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic impacts on biodiversity can lead to biotic homogenization (BH) and biotic differentiation (BD). BH is a process of increasing similarity in community composition (including taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic components), whereas BD is a process of decreasing similarity over space and time. Here, we conducted a systematic review of BH and BD in plant communities in tropical and subtropical forests to identify trends and knowledge gaps. Our bibliometric search in the Web of Science returned 1989 papers, of which 151 matched our criteria and were included in the analysis. The Neotropical region had the largest number of articles, and Brazil was the most represented country with 92 studies. Regarding the type of change, homogenization was more frequent than differentiation (noted in 69.6% of publications). The taxonomic diversity component was measured more often than functional and phylogenetic diversity components. Most studies (75.6%) assessed homogenization and differentiation based on a single observation in time; as opposed to few studies that monitored plant community over multiple years. Forest fragmentation was cited as the main determinant of homogenization and differentiation processes (57.2% of articles). Our results highlight the importance of evaluating community composition over time and more than taxonomic components (i.e., functional and phylogenetic) to advance understanding of homogenization and differentiation. Both processes were scale dependent and not mutually exclusive. As such, future research should consider differentiation as a potential transition phase to homogenization and that potential differences in both processes may depend on the spatial and temporal scale adopted. Understanding the complexity and causes of homogenization and differentiation is essential for biodiversity conservation in a world increasingly affected by anthropogenic disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean M Freitag Kramer
- Laboratório de Ecologia Vegetal (LEVEG), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Biogeografia de Plantas, Departamento de Biodiversidade, Setor Palotina, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Palotina, Brazil
| | - Victor P Zwiener
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Biogeografia de Plantas, Departamento de Biodiversidade, Setor Palotina, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Palotina, Brazil
| | - Sandra Cristina Müller
- Laboratório de Ecologia Vegetal (LEVEG), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
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12
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Arroyo-Rodríguez V, Rito KF, Farfán M, Navia IC, Mora F, Arreola-Villa F, Balvanera P, Bongers F, Castellanos-Castro C, Catharino ELM, Chazdon RL, Dupuy-Rada JM, Ferguson BG, Foster PF, González-Valdivia N, Griffith DM, Hernández-Stefanoni JL, Jakovac CC, Junqueira AB, Jong BHJ, Letcher SG, May-Pat F, Meave JA, Ochoa-Gaona S, Meirelles GS, Muñiz-Castro MA, Muñoz R, Powers JS, Rocha GPE, Rosário RPG, Santos BA, Simon MF, Tabarelli M, Tun-Dzul F, van den Berg E, Vieira DLM, Williams-Linera G, Martínez-Ramos M. Landscape-scale forest cover drives the predictability of forest regeneration across the Neotropics. Proc Biol Sci 2023; 290:20222203. [PMID: 36629117 PMCID: PMC9832557 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2022.2203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Abandonment of agricultural lands promotes the global expansion of secondary forests, which are critical for preserving biodiversity and ecosystem functions and services. Such roles largely depend, however, on two essential successional attributes, trajectory and recovery rate, which are expected to depend on landscape-scale forest cover in nonlinear ways. Using a multi-scale approach and a large vegetation dataset (843 plots, 3511 tree species) from 22 secondary forest chronosequences distributed across the Neotropics, we show that successional trajectories of woody plant species richness, stem density and basal area are less predictable in landscapes (4 km radius) with intermediate (40-60%) forest cover than in landscapes with high (greater than 60%) forest cover. This supports theory suggesting that high spatial and environmental heterogeneity in intermediately deforested landscapes can increase the variation of key ecological factors for forest recovery (e.g. seed dispersal and seedling recruitment), increasing the uncertainty of successional trajectories. Regarding the recovery rate, only species richness is positively related to forest cover in relatively small (1 km radius) landscapes. These findings highlight the importance of using a spatially explicit landscape approach in restoration initiatives and suggest that these initiatives can be more effective in more forested landscapes, especially if implemented across spatial extents of 1-4 km radius.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Arroyo-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 58190 Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
- Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 97357 Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Kátia F. Rito
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 58190 Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Michelle Farfán
- Departamento de Ingeniería Geomática e Hidráulica, División de Ingenierías, Universidad de Guanajuato, 36000 Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Iván C. Navia
- Instituto Nacional de los Pueblos Indígenas, 58219 Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Francisco Mora
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 58190 Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Felipe Arreola-Villa
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 58190 Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Patricia Balvanera
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 58190 Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Frans Bongers
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Robin L. Chazdon
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
- Tropical Forests and People Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, 90 Sippy Downs Road, Sippy Downs, QLD 4556, Australia
| | - Juan M. Dupuy-Rada
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Unidad de Recursos Naturales, 97205 Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Bruce G. Ferguson
- El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, 29290 San Cristóbal de las Casas, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - Paul F. Foster
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
- Bijagual Ecological Reserve, Apdo. 35-3069, Puerto Viejo de Sarapiquí, Heredia 41001, Costa Rica
| | - Noel González-Valdivia
- Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico de Chiná, Departamento de Ingenierías, 24520 Chiná, Campeche, Mexico
| | - Daniel M. Griffith
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, EcoSs Lab, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, CP 1101608, Loja, Ecuador
| | | | - Catarina C. Jakovac
- Departamento de Fitotecnia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-900 Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - André B. Junqueira
- Institut de Ciencia i Tecnologia Ambientals, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellatera, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bernardus H. J. Jong
- Departmento de Ciencias de la Sustentabilidad, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, 24500 Lerma, Campeche, Mexico
| | | | - Filogonio May-Pat
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Unidad de Recursos Naturales, 97205 Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Jorge A. Meave
- Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Coyoacán 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Susana Ochoa-Gaona
- Departmento de Ciencias de la Sustentabilidad, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, 24500 Lerma, Campeche, Mexico
| | - Gabriela S. Meirelles
- Departamento de Ecologia e Conservação, Instituto de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Federal de Lavras, 37200-900 Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Miguel A. Muñiz-Castro
- Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, 45200 Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Rodrigo Muñoz
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands
- Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Coyoacán 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Jennifer S. Powers
- Departments of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior and Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, 55108 Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Gustavo P. E. Rocha
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade de Brasília, 70919-970 Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Ricardo P. G. Rosário
- Faculdade de Direito, Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, 01302-907 São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bráulio A. Santos
- Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 58051-900 João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Marcelo F. Simon
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, 70770-917 Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Tabarelli
- Departamento de Botanica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Fernando Tun-Dzul
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Unidad de Recursos Naturales, 97205 Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Eduardo van den Berg
- Departamento de Ecologia e Conservação, Instituto de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Federal de Lavras, 37200-900 Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Daniel L. M. Vieira
- Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 58051-900 João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | | | - Miguel Martínez-Ramos
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 58190 Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
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13
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Jones FA, Hadley AS, Bonner K, Zahawi RA, Robinson WD, Kormann U, Betts MG. Elevated inbreeding in Heliconia tortuosa is determined by tropical forest stand age, isolation, and loss of hummingbird functional diversity. Mol Ecol 2022; 31:4465-4477. [PMID: 35808851 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Forest conversion and habitat loss are major threats to biological diversity. Forest regeneration can mitigate the negative effects of old growth forest loss on species diversity, but less is known about the extent to which forest loss reduces genetic diversity in remnant populations and whether secondary forests play a role in the maintenance of genetic diversity. We quantified genetic diversity in a tropical hummingbird-pollinated understory herb, Heliconia tortuosa, across a landscape mosaic of primary and secondary forest regrowth. Using microsatellite genotypes from >850 adult and juvenile plants within 33 forest patches and extensive bird surveys, we examined the effect of contemporary and historical landscape features including forest age (primary vs. secondary forest), stand isolation, and pollinator assemblages on genetic diversity and levels of inbreeding in H. tortuosa. We found that inbreeding was up to 3x higher in secondary forest, and this effect was amplified with reductions in primary forest in the surrounding landscape through reduced observed heterozygosity in isolated fragments. Inbreeding in forest patches was negatively correlated with the local frequency of specialist long-distance foraging traplining hummingbirds. Traplining hummingbirds therefore appear to facilitate mating among unrelated plants - an inference we tested using empirically parameterized simulations. Higher levels of inbreeding in H. tortuosa are therefore associated with reduced functional diversity of hummingbirds in secondary forests and forest patches isolated from primary forests. Our findings suggest a cryptic consequence of primary forest loss and secondary forest regeneration through the disruption of mutualistic interactions resulting in the erosion of genetic diversity in a common understory plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Andrew Jones
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA.,Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Panama
| | - Adam S Hadley
- Forest Biodiversity Research Network, Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Kaitlin Bonner
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA.,Department of Biology, St. John Fisher College, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Rakan A Zahawi
- School of Life Sciences and Lyon Arboretum, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA.,Charles Darwin Foundation, Puerto Ayora, Galapagos, Ecuador
| | - W Douglas Robinson
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Urs Kormann
- Forest Biodiversity Research Network, Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA.,Division of Forest Sciences, School of Agricultural, Forest & Food Sciences, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Zollikofen, Switzerland.,Swiss Ornithological Institute, Sempach, Switzerland
| | - Matthew G Betts
- Forest Biodiversity Research Network, Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
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14
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Zhou G, Zhou X, Eldridge DJ, Han X, Song Y, Liu R, Zhou L, He Y, Du Z, Delgado‐Baquerizo M. Temperature and Rainfall Patterns Constrain the Multidimensional Rewilding of Global Forests. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2201144. [PMID: 35470591 PMCID: PMC9218649 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202201144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The long-term contribution of global forest restoration to support multiple dimensions of biodiversity and ecosystem function remains largely illusive across contrasting climates and forest types. This hampers the capacity to predict the future of forest rewilding under changing global climates. Here, 120 studies are synthesized across five continents, and it is found that forest restoration promotes multiple dimensions of biodiversity and ecosystem function such as soil fertility, plant biomass, microbial habitat, and carbon sequestration across contrasting climates and forest types. Based on global relationship between stand age and soil organic carbon stock, planting 350 million hectares of forest under the UN Bonn Challenge can sequester >30 Gt soil C in the surface 20 cm over the next century. However, these findings also indicate that predicted increases in temperature and reductions in precipitation can constrain the positive effects of forest rewilding on biodiversity and ecosystem function. Further, important tradeoffs are found in very old forests, with considerable disconnection between biodiversity and ecosystem function. Together, these findings provide evidence of the importance of the multidimensional rewilding of forests, suggesting that on-going climatic changes may dampen the expectations of the positive effects of forest restoration on biodiversity and ecosystem function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiyao Zhou
- Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research StationCenter for Global Change and Ecological ForecastingSchool of Ecological and Environmental SciencesEast China Normal UniversityShanghai200241China
| | - Xuhui Zhou
- Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research StationCenter for Global Change and Ecological ForecastingSchool of Ecological and Environmental SciencesEast China Normal UniversityShanghai200241China
- Northeast Asia Ecosystem Carbon Sink Research Center (NACC)Center for Ecological ResearchKey Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management‐Ministry of EducationSchool of ForestryNortheast Forestry UniversityHarbin150040China
| | - David J. Eldridge
- Centre for Ecosystem ScienceSchool of BiologicalEarth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South Wales2052Australia
| | - Ximei Han
- Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research StationCenter for Global Change and Ecological ForecastingSchool of Ecological and Environmental SciencesEast China Normal UniversityShanghai200241China
| | - Yanjun Song
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management GroupWageningen University and ResearchP.O. Box 47Wageningen6700 AAthe Netherlands
| | - Ruiqiang Liu
- Northeast Asia Ecosystem Carbon Sink Research Center (NACC)Center for Ecological ResearchKey Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management‐Ministry of EducationSchool of ForestryNortheast Forestry UniversityHarbin150040China
| | - Lingyan Zhou
- Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research StationCenter for Global Change and Ecological ForecastingSchool of Ecological and Environmental SciencesEast China Normal UniversityShanghai200241China
| | - Yanghui He
- Northeast Asia Ecosystem Carbon Sink Research Center (NACC)Center for Ecological ResearchKey Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management‐Ministry of EducationSchool of ForestryNortheast Forestry UniversityHarbin150040China
| | - Zhenggang Du
- Northeast Asia Ecosystem Carbon Sink Research Center (NACC)Center for Ecological ResearchKey Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management‐Ministry of EducationSchool of ForestryNortheast Forestry UniversityHarbin150040China
| | - Manuel Delgado‐Baquerizo
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS)CSICAv. Reina Mercedes 10SevillaE‐41012Spain
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15
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Manhães A, Pantaleão L, Moraes L, Amazonas N, Saavedra M, Mantuano D, Sansevero J. FUNCTIONAL TRAJECTORY FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION SUCCESS. Restor Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A.P. Manhães
- Plant Ecophysiology Laboratory, Department of Botany Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) Rio de Janeiro RJ 21941‐901 Brazil
- Applied Ecology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences Forests Institute, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ) Seropédica RJ 23897‐000 Brazil
| | - L.C. Pantaleão
- Applied Ecology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences Forests Institute, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ) Seropédica RJ 23897‐000 Brazil
| | - L.F.D. Moraes
- Center of Agrobiology, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA) Seropédica RJ 23897‐000 Brazil
| | - N.T. Amazonas
- Plant Ecophysiology Laboratory, Department of Botany Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) Rio de Janeiro RJ 21941‐901 Brazil
- Applied Ecology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences Forests Institute, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ) Seropédica RJ 23897‐000 Brazil
| | - M.M. Saavedra
- Plant Ecophysiology Laboratory, Department of Botany Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) Rio de Janeiro RJ 21941‐901 Brazil
| | - D. Mantuano
- Plant Ecophysiology Laboratory, Department of Botany Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) Rio de Janeiro RJ 21941‐901 Brazil
| | - J.B.B. Sansevero
- Applied Ecology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences Forests Institute, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ) Seropédica RJ 23897‐000 Brazil
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