1
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Xu D, Zhang D, Wei W, Zhang C. UBA5 inhibition restricts lung adenocarcinoma via blocking macrophage M2 polarization and cisplatin resistance. Exp Cell Res 2024; 440:114148. [PMID: 38936760 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2024.114148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
UBA5, a ubiquitin-like activated enzyme involved in ufmylation and sumoylation, presents a viable target for pancreatic and breast cancer treatments, yet its role in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remains underexplored. This study reveals UBA5's tumor-promoting effect in LUAD, as evidenced by its upregulation in patients and positive correlation with TNM stages. Elevated UBA5 levels predict poor outcomes for these patients. Pharmacological inhibition of UBA5 using DKM 2-93 significantly curtails the growth of A549, H1299, and cisplatin-resistant A549 (A549/DDP) LUAD cells in vitro. Additionally, UBA5 knockdown via shRNA lentivirus suppresses tumor growth both in vitro and in vivo. High UBA5 expression adversely alters the tumor immune microenvironment, affecting immunostimulators, MHC molecules, chemokines, receptors, and immune cell infiltration. Notably, UBA5 expression correlates positively with M2 macrophage infiltration, the predominant immune cells in LUAD. Co-culture experiments further demonstrate that UBA5 knockdown directly inhibits M2 macrophage polarization and lactate production in LUAD. Moreover, in vivo studies show reduced M2 macrophage infiltration following UBA5 knockdown. UBA5 expression is also associated with increased tumor heterogeneity, including tumor mutational burden, microsatellite instability, neoantigen presence, and homologous recombination deficiency. Experiments indicate that UBA5 overexpression promotes cisplatin resistance in vitro, whereas UBA5 inhibition enhances cisplatin sensitivity in both in vitro and in vivo settings. Overall, these findings suggest that targeting UBA5 inhibits LUAD by impeding cancer cell proliferation, M2 macrophage polarization, and cisplatin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dacai Xu
- Zhanjiang Institute of Clinical Medicine, Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, 524033, PR China; Zhanjiang Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524033, PR China.
| | - Donghui Zhang
- Zhanjiang Institute of Clinical Medicine, Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, 524033, PR China; Zhanjiang Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524033, PR China
| | - Wenlu Wei
- Zhanjiang Institute of Clinical Medicine, Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, 524033, PR China; Zhanjiang Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524033, PR China
| | - Chong Zhang
- Zhanjiang Institute of Clinical Medicine, Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, 524033, PR China; Zhanjiang Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524033, PR China
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2
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Xu S, Wang Q, Ma W. Cytokines and soluble mediators as architects of tumor microenvironment reprogramming in cancer therapy. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2024; 76:12-21. [PMID: 38431507 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2024.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Navigating the intricate landscape of the tumor microenvironment (TME) unveils a pivotal arena for cancer therapeutics, where cytokines and soluble mediators emerge as double-edged swords in the fight against cancer. This review ventures beyond traditional perspectives, illuminating the nuanced interplay of these elements as both allies and adversaries in cancer dynamics. It critically evaluates the evolving paradigms of TME reprogramming, spotlighting innovative strategies that target the sophisticated network of cytokines and mediators. Special focus is placed on unveiling the therapeutic potential of novel cytokines and mediators, particularly their synergistic interactions with extracellular vesicles, which represent underexplored conduits for therapeutic targeting. Addressing a significant gap in current research, we explore the untapped potential of these biochemical players in orchestrating immune responses, tumor proliferation, and metastasis. The review advocates for a paradigm shift towards exploiting these dynamic interactions within the TME, aiming to transcend conventional treatments and pave the way for a new era of precision oncology. Through a critical synthesis of recent advancements, we highlight the imperative for innovative approaches that harness the full spectrum of cytokine and mediator activities, setting the stage for breakthrough therapies that offer heightened specificity, reduced toxicity, and improved patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suling Xu
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315020, China.
| | - Qingqing Wang
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Wenxue Ma
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center, and Sanford Stem Cell Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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3
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He C, Xing X, Chen HY, Gao M, Shi J, Xiang B, Xiao X, Sun Y, Yu H, Xu G, Yao Y, Xie Z, Xing Y, Budiarto BR, Chen SY, Gao Y, Lee YR, Zhang J. UFL1 ablation in T cells suppresses PD-1 UFMylation to enhance anti-tumor immunity. Mol Cell 2024; 84:1120-1138.e8. [PMID: 38377992 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2024.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
UFMylation is an emerging ubiquitin-like post-translational modification that regulates various biological processes. Dysregulation of the UFMylation pathway leads to human diseases, including cancers. However, the physiological role of UFMylation in T cells remains unclear. Here, we report that mice with conditional knockout (cKO) Ufl1, a UFMylation E3 ligase, in T cells exhibit effective tumor control. Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis shows that tumor-infiltrating cytotoxic CD8+ T cells are increased in Ufl1 cKO mice. Mechanistically, UFL1 promotes PD-1 UFMylation to antagonize PD-1 ubiquitination and degradation. Furthermore, AMPK phosphorylates UFL1 at Thr536, disrupting PD-1 UFMylation to trigger its degradation. Of note, UFL1 ablation in T cells reduces PD-1 UFMylation, subsequently destabilizing PD-1 and enhancing CD8+ T cell activation. Thus, Ufl1 cKO mice bearing tumors have a better response to anti-CTLA-4 immunotherapy. Collectively, our findings uncover a crucial role of UFMylation in T cells and highlight UFL1 as a potential target for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan He
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center of Immunology and Metabolism, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xixin Xing
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center of Immunology and Metabolism, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Hsin-Yi Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115201, Taiwan
| | - Minling Gao
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center of Immunology and Metabolism, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jie Shi
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center of Immunology and Metabolism, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Bolin Xiang
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center of Immunology and Metabolism, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xiangling Xiao
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center of Immunology and Metabolism, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yishuang Sun
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center of Immunology and Metabolism, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Haisheng Yu
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center of Immunology and Metabolism, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Gaoshan Xu
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center of Immunology and Metabolism, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yingmeng Yao
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center of Immunology and Metabolism, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Zuosong Xie
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center of Immunology and Metabolism, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yujie Xing
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bugi Ratno Budiarto
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115201, Taiwan; Taiwan International Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yu Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115201, Taiwan
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yu-Ru Lee
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115201, Taiwan.
| | - Jinfang Zhang
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center of Immunology and Metabolism, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.
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4
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Komatsu M, Inada T, Noda NN. The UFM1 system: Working principles, cellular functions, and pathophysiology. Mol Cell 2024; 84:156-169. [PMID: 38141606 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitin-fold modifier 1 (UFM1) is a ubiquitin-like protein covalently conjugated with intracellular proteins through UFMylation, a process similar to ubiquitylation. Growing lines of evidence regarding not only the structural basis of the components essential for UFMylation but also their biological properties shed light on crucial roles of the UFM1 system in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), such as ER-phagy and ribosome-associated quality control at the ER, although there are some functions unrelated to the ER. Mouse genetics studies also revealed the indispensable roles of this system in hematopoiesis, liver development, neurogenesis, and chondrogenesis. Of critical importance, mutations of genes encoding core components of the UFM1 system in humans cause hereditary developmental epileptic encephalopathy and Schohat-type osteochondrodysplasia of the epiphysis. Here, we provide a multidisciplinary review of our current understanding of the mechanisms and cellular functions of the UFM1 system as well as its pathophysiological roles, and discuss issues that require resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Komatsu
- Department of Physiology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan.
| | - Toshifumi Inada
- Division of RNA and gene regulation, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-Ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.
| | - Nobuo N Noda
- Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan; Institute of Microbial Chemistry (Bikaken), Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141-0021, Japan.
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5
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Zhou X, Mahdizadeh SJ, Le Gallo M, Eriksson LA, Chevet E, Lafont E. UFMylation: a ubiquitin-like modification. Trends Biochem Sci 2024; 49:52-67. [PMID: 37945409 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2023.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) add a major degree of complexity to the proteome and are essential controllers of protein homeostasis. Amongst the hundreds of PTMs identified, ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like (UBL) modifications are recognized as key regulators of cellular processes through their ability to affect protein-protein interactions, protein stability, and thus the functions of their protein targets. Here, we focus on the most recently identified UBL, ubiquitin-fold modifier 1 (UFM1), and the machinery responsible for its transfer to substrates (UFMylation) or its removal (deUFMylation). We first highlight the biochemical peculiarities of these processes, then we develop on how UFMylation and its machinery control various intertwined cellular processes and we highlight some of the outstanding research questions in this emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingchen Zhou
- Inserm U1242, University of Rennes, Rennes, France; Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
| | - Sayyed J Mahdizadeh
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Matthieu Le Gallo
- Inserm U1242, University of Rennes, Rennes, France; Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
| | - Leif A Eriksson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eric Chevet
- Inserm U1242, University of Rennes, Rennes, France; Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France.
| | - Elodie Lafont
- Inserm U1242, University of Rennes, Rennes, France; Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France.
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6
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Millrine D, Peter JJ, Kulathu Y. A guide to UFMylation, an emerging posttranslational modification. FEBS J 2023; 290:5040-5056. [PMID: 36680403 PMCID: PMC10952357 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitin Fold Modifier-1 (UFM1) is a ubiquitin-like modifier (UBL) that is posttranslationally attached to lysine residues on substrates via a dedicated system of enzymes conserved in most eukaryotes. Despite the structural similarity between UFM1 and ubiquitin, the UFMylation machinery employs unique mechanisms that ensure fidelity. While physiological triggers and consequences of UFMylation are not entirely clear, its biological importance is epitomized by mutations in the UFMylation pathway in human pathophysiology including musculoskeletal and neurodevelopmental diseases. Some of these diseases can be explained by the increased endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and disrupted translational homeostasis observed upon loss of UFMylation. The roles of UFM1 in these processes likely stem from its function at the ER where ribosomes are UFMylated in response to translational stalling. In addition, UFMylation has been implicated in other cellular processes including DNA damage response and telomere maintenance. Hence, the study of UFM1 pathway mechanics and its biological function will reveal insights into fundamental cell biology and is likely to afford new therapeutic opportunities for the benefit of human health. To this end, we herein provide a comprehensive guide to the current state of knowledge of UFM1 biogenesis, conjugation, and function with an emphasis on the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Millrine
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation & Ubiquitylation Unit (MRC‐PPU), School of Life SciencesUniversity of DundeeUK
| | - Joshua J. Peter
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation & Ubiquitylation Unit (MRC‐PPU), School of Life SciencesUniversity of DundeeUK
| | - Yogesh Kulathu
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation & Ubiquitylation Unit (MRC‐PPU), School of Life SciencesUniversity of DundeeUK
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7
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McAllaster MR, Bhushan J, Balce DR, Orvedahl A, Park A, Hwang S, Sullender ME, Sibley LD, Virgin HW. Autophagy gene-dependent intracellular immunity triggered by interferon-γ. mBio 2023; 14:e0233223. [PMID: 37905813 PMCID: PMC10746157 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02332-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Genes required for the lysosomal degradation pathway of autophagy play key roles in topologically distinct and physiologically important cellular processes. Some functions of ATG genes are independent of their role in degradative autophagy. One of the first described of these ATG gene-dependent, but degradative autophagy independent, processes is the requirement for a subset of ATG genes in interferon-γ (IFNγ)-induced inhibition of norovirus and Toxoplasma gondii replication. Herein, we identified additional genes that are required for, or that negatively regulate, this innate immune effector pathway. Enzymes in the UFMylation pathway negatively regulated IFNγ-induced inhibition of norovirus replication via effects of Ern1. IFNγ-induced inhibition of norovirus replication required Gate-16 (also termed GabarapL2), Wipi2b, Atg9a, Cul3, and Klhl9 but not Becn1 (encoding Beclin 1), Atg14, Uvrag, or Sqstm1. The phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate and ATG16L1-binding domains of WIPI2B, as well as the ATG5-binding domain of ATG16L1, were required for IFNγ-induced inhibition of norovirus replication. Other members of the Cul3, Atg8, and Wipi2 gene families were not required, demonstrating exquisite specificity within these gene families for participation in IFNγ action. The generality of some aspects of this mechanism was demonstrated by a role for GATE-16 and WIPI2 in IFNγ-induced control of Toxoplasma gondii infection in human cells. These studies further delineate the genes and mechanisms of an ATG gene-dependent programmable form of cytokine-induced innate intracellular immunity. IMPORTANCE Interferon-γ (IFNγ) is a critical mediator of cell-intrinsic immunity to intracellular pathogens. Understanding the complex cellular mechanisms supporting robust interferon-γ-induced host defenses could aid in developing new therapeutics to treat infections. Here, we examined the impact of autophagy genes in the interferon-γ-induced host response. We demonstrate that genes within the autophagy pathway including Wipi2, Atg9, and Gate-16, as well as ubiquitin ligase complex genes Cul3 and Klhl9 are required for IFNγ-induced inhibition of murine norovirus (norovirus hereinafter) replication in mouse cells. WIPI2 and GATE-16 were also required for IFNγ-mediated restriction of parasite growth within the Toxoplasma gondii parasitophorous vacuole in human cells. Furthermore, we found that perturbation of UFMylation pathway components led to more robust IFNγ-induced inhibition of norovirus via regulation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Enhancing or inhibiting these dynamic cellular components could serve as a strategy to control intracellular pathogens and maintain an effective immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R. McAllaster
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Vir Biotechnology, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jaya Bhushan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Dale R. Balce
- Vir Biotechnology, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Anthony Orvedahl
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Arnold Park
- Vir Biotechnology, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | | | - Meagan E. Sullender
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences & Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - L. David Sibley
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Herbert W. Virgin
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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8
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Mao Z, Ma X, Jing Y, Shen M, Ma X, Zhu J, Liu H, Zhang G, Chen F. Ufmylation on UFBP1 alleviates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by modulating hepatic endoplasmic reticulum stress. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:584. [PMID: 37660122 PMCID: PMC10475044 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06095-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease characterized by lipid accumulation and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, while effective therapies targeting the specific characteristics of NAFLD are limited. Ufmylation is a newly found post-translational modification process that involves the attachment of the Ubiquitin-fold modifier 1 (UFM1) protein to its substrates via ufmylation modification system. Ufmylation regulates ER stress via modifying UFM1 binding protein 1 (UFBP1), suggesting a potential role for ufmylation in NAFLD pathogenesis. However, the precise role of ufmylation in NAFLD remains unclear. Herein, we aim to elucidate the impact of ufmylation on UFBP1 in NAFLD and explore the underlying mechanisms involved. We observed increased expression of UFM1-conjugated proteins and ufmylation modification system components in livers with steatosis derived from NAFLD patients and NAFLD models. Upregulation of ufmylation on hepatic proteins appeared to be an adaptive response to hepatic ER stress in NAFLD. In vitro, knocking down UFBP1 resulted in increased lipid accumulation and lipogenesis in hepatocytes treated with free fatty acids (FFA), which could be rescued by wild-type UFBP1 (WT UFBP1) but not by a mutant form of UFBP1 lacking the main ufmylation site lys267 (UFBP1 K267R). In vivo, ufmylation on UFBP1 ameliorated obesity, hepatic steatosis, hepatic lipogenesis, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance and liver damage in mice with NAFLD induced by a high fat diet (HFD). We also demonstrated that the downregulation of UFBP1 induced ER stress, whereas the reintroduction or overexpression of UFBP1 alleviated ER stress in a manner dependent on ufmylation in NAFLD. This mechanism could be responsible for the amelioration of aberrant hepatic lipogenesis and insulin resistance in NAFLD. Our data reveal a protective role of ufmylation on UFBP1 against NAFLD and offer a specific target for NAFLD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziming Mao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201999, China
| | - Xiaowen Ma
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201999, China
| | - Yu Jing
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201999, China
| | - Minyan Shen
- School of Graduate, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, 233030, China
| | - Xirui Ma
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201999, China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201999, China
| | - Huifang Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201999, China.
| | - Guangya Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| | - Fengling Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201999, China.
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9
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Badawi S, Mohamed FE, Varghese DS, Ali BR. Genetic disruption of mammalian endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein degradation: Human phenotypes and animal and cellular disease models. Traffic 2023. [PMID: 37188482 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein degradation (ERAD) is a stringent quality control mechanism through which misfolded, unassembled and some native proteins are targeted for degradation to maintain appropriate cellular and organelle homeostasis. Several in vitro and in vivo ERAD-related studies have provided mechanistic insights into ERAD pathway activation and its consequent events; however, a majority of these have investigated the effect of ERAD substrates and their consequent diseases affecting the degradation process. In this review, we present all reported human single-gene disorders caused by genetic variation in genes that encode ERAD components rather than their substrates. Additionally, after extensive literature survey, we present various genetically manipulated higher cellular and mammalian animal models that lack specific components involved in various stages of the ERAD pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally Badawi
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Feda E Mohamed
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Divya Saro Varghese
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Bassam R Ali
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
- ASPIRE Precision Medicine Research Institute Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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10
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Banerjee P, Mehta AR, Nirujogi RS, Cooper J, James OG, Nanda J, Longden J, Burr K, McDade K, Salzinger A, Paza E, Newton J, Story D, Pal S, Smith C, Alessi DR, Selvaraj BT, Priller J, Chandran S. Cell-autonomous immune dysfunction driven by disrupted autophagy in C9orf72-ALS iPSC-derived microglia contributes to neurodegeneration. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eabq0651. [PMID: 37083530 PMCID: PMC10121169 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq0651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Although microglial activation is widely found in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD), the underlying mechanism(s) are poorly understood. Here, using human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived microglia-like cells (hiPSC-MG) harboring the most common ALS/FTD mutation (C9orf72, mC9-MG), gene-corrected isogenic controls (isoC9-MG), and C9orf72 knockout hiPSC-MG (C9KO-MG), we show that reduced C9ORF72 protein is associated with impaired phagocytosis and an exaggerated immune response upon stimulation with lipopolysaccharide. Analysis of the C9ORF72 interactome revealed that C9ORF72 interacts with regulators of autophagy and functional studies showed impaired initiation of autophagy in mC9-MG and C9KO-MG. Coculture studies with motor neurons (MNs) demonstrated that the autophagy deficit in mC9-MG drives increased vulnerability of mC9-MNs to excitotoxic stimulus. Pharmacological activation of autophagy ameliorated both cell-autonomous functional deficits in hiPSC-MG and MN death in MG-MN coculture. Together, these findings reveal an important role for C9ORF72 in regulating immune homeostasis and identify dysregulation in myeloid cells as a contributor to neurodegeneration in ALS/FTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poulomi Banerjee
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University of Edinburgh, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh bioQuarter, Chancellor’s Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
- Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Arpan R. Mehta
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University of Edinburgh, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh bioQuarter, Chancellor’s Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
- Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
- Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Raja S. Nirujogi
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - James Cooper
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University of Edinburgh, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh bioQuarter, Chancellor’s Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
- Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Owen G. James
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University of Edinburgh, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh bioQuarter, Chancellor’s Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
- Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Jyoti Nanda
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University of Edinburgh, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh bioQuarter, Chancellor’s Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
- Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
| | - James Longden
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University of Edinburgh, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh bioQuarter, Chancellor’s Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Karen Burr
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University of Edinburgh, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh bioQuarter, Chancellor’s Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
- Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Karina McDade
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University of Edinburgh, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh bioQuarter, Chancellor’s Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
- Edinburgh Brain Bank, Academic Department of Neuropathology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Edinburgh Pathology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Andrea Salzinger
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University of Edinburgh, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh bioQuarter, Chancellor’s Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
- Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Evdokia Paza
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University of Edinburgh, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh bioQuarter, Chancellor’s Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Judith Newton
- Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
- Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
| | - David Story
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University of Edinburgh, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh bioQuarter, Chancellor’s Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
- Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Suvankar Pal
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
- Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
- Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Colin Smith
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
- Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
- Edinburgh Brain Bank, Academic Department of Neuropathology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Edinburgh Pathology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Dario R. Alessi
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Bhuvaneish T. Selvaraj
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University of Edinburgh, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh bioQuarter, Chancellor’s Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
- Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
- Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Josef Priller
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University of Edinburgh, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh bioQuarter, Chancellor’s Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
- Neuropsychiatry, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin and DZNE, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Siddharthan Chandran
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University of Edinburgh, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh bioQuarter, Chancellor’s Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
- Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
- Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
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11
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Zhou J, Ma X, He X, Chen B, Yuan J, Jin Z, Li L, Wang Z, Xiao Q, Cai Y, Zou Y. Dysregulation of PD-L1 by UFMylation imparts tumor immune evasion and identified as a potential therapeutic target. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2215732120. [PMID: 36893266 PMCID: PMC10089188 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2215732120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy of PD-L1/PD-1 blockage elicited impressive clinical benefits for cancer treatment. However, the relative low response and therapy resistance highlight the need to better understand the molecular regulation of PD-L1 in tumors. Here, we report that PD-L1 is a target of UFMylation. UFMylation of PD-L1 destabilizes PD-L1 by synergizing its ubiquitination. Inhibition of PD-L1 UFMylation via silencing of UFL1 or Ubiquitin-fold modifier 1 (UFM1), or the defective UFMylation of PD-L1, stabilizes the PD-L1 in multiple human and murine cancer cells, and undermines antitumor immunity in vitro and mice, respectively. Clinically, UFL1 expression was decreased in multiple cancers and lower expression of UFL1 negatively correlated with the response of anti-PD1 therapy in melanoma patients. Moreover, we identified a covalent inhibitor of UFSP2 that promoted the UFMylation activity and contributed to the combination therapy with PD-1 blockade. Our findings identified a previously unrecognized regulator of PD-L1 and highlighted UFMylation as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junzhi Zhou
- School of Basic Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou311121, China
| | - Xiaohe Ma
- School of Basic Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou311121, China
| | - Xingrui He
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou311121, China
| | - Beiying Chen
- School of Basic Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou311121, China
| | - Jiao Yuan
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou510005, China
| | - Zhemin Jin
- Yongkang Maternity and Child Care hospital, Yongkang321300, China
| | - Lijing Li
- Yongkang Maternity and Child Care hospital, Yongkang321300, China
| | - Zhiguo Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou311121, China
| | - Qian Xiao
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Jersey, NJ08901
| | - Yafei Cai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing210095, China
| | - Yongkang Zou
- Institute of Cancer Research, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen518107, China
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12
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Picchianti L, Sánchez de Medina Hernández V, Zhan N, Irwin NA, Groh R, Stephani M, Hornegger H, Beveridge R, Sawa-Makarska J, Lendl T, Grujic N, Naumann C, Martens S, Richards TA, Clausen T, Ramundo S, Karagöz GE, Dagdas Y. Shuffled ATG8 interacting motifs form an ancestral bridge between UFMylation and autophagy. EMBO J 2023; 42:e112053. [PMID: 36762703 PMCID: PMC10183829 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2022112053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
UFMylation involves the covalent modification of substrate proteins with UFM1 (Ubiquitin-fold modifier 1) and is important for maintaining ER homeostasis. Stalled translation triggers the UFMylation of ER-bound ribosomes and activates C53-mediated autophagy to clear toxic polypeptides. C53 contains noncanonical shuffled ATG8-interacting motifs (sAIMs) that are essential for ATG8 interaction and autophagy initiation. However, the mechanistic basis of sAIM-mediated ATG8 interaction remains unknown. Here, we show that C53 and sAIMs are conserved across eukaryotes but secondarily lost in fungi and various algal lineages. Biochemical assays showed that the unicellular alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii has a functional UFMylation pathway, refuting the assumption that UFMylation is linked to multicellularity. Comparative structural analyses revealed that both UFM1 and ATG8 bind sAIMs in C53, but in a distinct way. Conversion of sAIMs into canonical AIMs impaired binding of C53 to UFM1, while strengthening ATG8 binding. Increased ATG8 binding led to the autoactivation of the C53 pathway and sensitization of Arabidopsis thaliana to ER stress. Altogether, our findings reveal an ancestral role of sAIMs in UFMylation-dependent fine-tuning of C53-mediated autophagy activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Picchianti
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria.,Vienna BioCenter PhD Program, Doctoral School of the University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Víctor Sánchez de Medina Hernández
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria.,Vienna BioCenter PhD Program, Doctoral School of the University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ni Zhan
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Nicholas At Irwin
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Merton College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Roan Groh
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria.,Vienna BioCenter PhD Program, Doctoral School of the University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Madlen Stephani
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria.,Vienna BioCenter PhD Program, Doctoral School of the University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Harald Hornegger
- Max Perutz Labs, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Rebecca Beveridge
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Justyna Sawa-Makarska
- Max Perutz Labs, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Lendl
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Nenad Grujic
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Christin Naumann
- Department of Molecular Signal Processing, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Sascha Martens
- Max Perutz Labs, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Tim Clausen
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Silvia Ramundo
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - G Elif Karagöz
- Max Perutz Labs, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Yasin Dagdas
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
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13
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Wang Z, Huang S, Xue Z, Gao K, Sun M, Wang A, Lin P, Jin Y. UFM1 inhibits the activation of the pyroptosis in LPS-induced goat endometritis. Theriogenology 2023; 196:50-58. [PMID: 36395577 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Infertility, abortion, and stillbirth caused by endometritis are the main factors affecting fertility in ruminants. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated inflammation is the main cause of endometritis. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) pathway and pyroptosis play an important role in the inflammation, but the underlying mechanism is still unclear. Previous studies have reported that UFMylation, a ubiquitin-like post-translational modifier, plays an important regulatory role in inflammation via the TLR4 pathway; however, its relationship with pyroptosis is still unclear. Our result showed that LPS induced inflammation by activating the TLR4 pathway and pyroptosis in goat endometrial epithelial cells (gEECs). We also found that TAK-242,a specific inhibitor of the TLR4 pathway, inhibited the pyroptosis pathway. In addition, with an increased LPS treatment time, ubiquitin-folding modifier factor 1 (UFM1) conjugated proteins were highly expressed in gEECs. Moreover, overexpression of UFM1 inhibited LPS-induced activation of the TLR4 pathway and pyroptosis, whereas si-UFM1 produced contrasting results. After inhibiting the TLR4 pathway, si-UFM1 could not upregulate the expression of nod-like receptor family protein 3 (NLRP3), cleavage caspase-1, or cleavage gasdermin D (GSDMD). In conclusion, these results suggest that UFM1 inhibits pyroptosis activation in LPS-induced gEECs through the TLR4 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongjie Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shan Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhongqiang Xue
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kangkang Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Min Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Aihua Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Pengfei Lin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Yaping Jin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
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14
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Song JX, Villagomes D, Zhao H, Zhu M. cGAS in nucleus: The link between immune response and DNA damage repair. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1076784. [PMID: 36591232 PMCID: PMC9797516 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1076784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
As the first barrier of host defense, innate immunity sets up the parclose to keep out external microbial or virus attacks. Depending on the type of pathogens, several cytoplasm pattern recognition receptors exist to sense the attacks from either foreign or host origins, triggering the immune response to battle with the infections. Among them, cGAS-STING is the major pathway that mainly responds to microbial DNA, DNA virus infections, or self-DNA, which mainly comes from genome instability by-product or released DNA from the mitochondria. cGAS was initially found functional in the cytoplasm, although intriguing evidence indicates that cGAS exists in the nucleus where it is involved in the DNA damage repair process. Because the close connection between DNA damage response and immune response and cGAS recognizes DNA in length-dependent but DNA sequence-independent manners, it is urgent to clear the function balance of cGAS in the nucleus versus cytoplasm and how it is shielded from recognizing the host origin DNA. Here, we outline the current conception of immune response and the regulation mechanism of cGAS in the nucleus. Furthermore, we will shed light on the potential mechanisms that are restricted to be taken away from self-DNA recognition, especially how post-translational modification regulates cGAS functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Xian Song
- Institute for Translation Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Deana Villagomes
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Hongchang Zhao
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Min Zhu
- Institute for Translation Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China,*Correspondence: Min Zhu,
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15
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Ilic D, Magnussen HM, Tirard M. Stress - Regulation of SUMO conjugation and of other Ubiquitin-Like Modifiers. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2022; 132:38-50. [PMID: 34996712 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Stress is unavoidable and essential to cellular and organismal evolution and failure to adapt or restore homeostasis can lead to severe diseases or even death. At the cellular level, stress drives a plethora of molecular changes, of which variations in the profile of protein post-translational modifications plays a key role in mediating the adaptative response of the genome and proteome to stress. In this context, post-translational modification of proteins by ubiquitin-like modifiers, (Ubl), notably SUMO, is an essential stress response mechanism. In this review, aiming to draw universal concepts of the Ubls stress response, we will decipher how stress alters the expression level, activity, specificity and/or localization of the proteins involved in the conjugation pathways of the various type-I Ubls, and how this result in the modification of particular Ubl targets that will translate an adaptive physiological stress response and allow cells to restore homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragana Ilic
- Department of Epigenetics, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, D-79108 Freiburg; Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg; Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, D-37075 Göttingen
| | - Helge M Magnussen
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitination Unit, Sir James Black Center, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - Marilyn Tirard
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, D-37075 Göttingen.
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16
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Wang Q, Bu Q, Liu M, Zhang R, Gu J, Li L, Zhou J, Liang Y, Su W, Liu Z, Wang M, Lian Z, Lu L, Zhou H. XBP1-mediated activation of the STING signalling pathway in macrophages contributes to liver fibrosis progression. JHEP REPORTS : INNOVATION IN HEPATOLOGY 2022; 4:100555. [PMID: 36185574 PMCID: PMC9520276 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2022.100555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Background & Aims XBP1 modulates the macrophage proinflammatory response, but its function in macrophage stimulator of interferon genes (STING) activation and liver fibrosis is unknown. X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1) has been shown to promote macrophage nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain, leucine-rich repeat and pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) activation in steatohepatitis. Herein, we aimed to explore the underlying mechanism of XBP1 in the regulation of STING signalling and the subsequent NLRP3 activation during liver fibrosis. Methods XBP1 expression was measured in the human fibrotic liver tissue samples. Liver fibrosis was induced in myeloid-specific Xbp1-, STING-, and Nlrp3-deficient mice by carbon tetrachloride injection, bile duct ligation, or a methionine/choline-deficient diet. Results Although increased XBP1 expression was observed in the fibrotic liver macrophages of mice and clinical patients, myeloid-specific Xbp1 deficiency or pharmacological inhibition of XBP1 protected the liver against fibrosis. Furthermore, it inhibited macrophage NLPR3 activation in a STING/IRF3-dependent manner. Oxidative mitochondrial injury facilitated cytosolic leakage of macrophage self-mtDNA and cGAS/STING/NLRP3 signalling activation to promote liver fibrosis. Mechanistically, RNA sequencing analysis indicated a decreased mtDNA expression and an increased BCL2/adenovirus E1B interacting protein 3 (BNIP3)-mediated mitophagy activation in Xbp1-deficient macrophages. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays further suggested that spliced XBP1 bound directly to the Bnip3 promoter and inhibited the transcription of Bnip3 in macrophages. Xbp1 deficiency decreased the mtDNA cytosolic release and STING/NLRP3 activation by promoting BNIP3-mediated mitophagy activation in macrophages, which was abrogated by Bnip3 knockdown. Moreover, macrophage XBP1/STING signalling contributed to the activation of hepatic stellate cells. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that XBP1 controls macrophage cGAS/STING/NLRP3 activation by regulating macrophage self-mtDNA cytosolic leakage via BNIP3-mediated mitophagy modulation, thus providing a novel target against liver fibrosis. Lay summary Liver fibrosis is a typical progressive process of chronic liver disease, driven by inflammatory and immune responses, and is characterised by an excess of extracellular matrix in the liver. Currently, there is no effective therapeutic strategy for the treatment of liver fibrosis, resulting in high mortality worldwide. In this study, we found that myeloid-specific Xbp1 deficiency protected the liver against fibrosis in mice, while XBP1 inhibition ameliorated liver fibrosis in mice. This study concluded that targeting XBP1 signalling in macrophages may provide a novel strategy for protecting the liver against fibrosis. Macrophage STING signalling can be activated by mtDNA cytosolic leakage from macrophages themselves. Xbp1 depletion suppresses cGAS/STING/NLRP3 activation by restoring BNIP3-mediated mitophagy activation in macrophages. XBP1 targets and inhibits the transcription of Bnip3 directly in macrophages. Myeloid-specific Xbp1 deficiency, or STING deficiency, or Nlrp3 depletion protect livers against fibrosis in mice. Pharmacological inhibition of XBP1 ameliorates liver fibrosis in mice.
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Key Words
- Acta2/α-SMA, actin, alpha 2, smooth muscle, aorta
- BDL, bile duct ligation
- BMDMs, bone marrow-derived macrophages
- BNIP3
- BNIP3, BCL2/adenovirus E1B interacting protein 3
- CCl4, carbon tetrachloride
- CM, conditional media
- ChIP, chromatin immunoprecipitation
- Col1a1, collagen, type I, alpha 1
- DMXAA, 5,6-dimethylxanthenone-4-acetic acid
- ER, endoplasmic reticulum
- EtBr, ethidium bromide
- HSC, hepatic stellate cell
- IRE1α, inositol-requiring enzyme-1α
- IRF3, interferon regulatory factor 3
- KEGG, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes
- LC3B, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta
- LPS, lipopolysaccharide
- Liver fibrosis
- MCD, methionine/choline-deficient diet
- Macrophage
- Mitophagy
- MnSOD, manganese superoxide dismutase
- NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- NASH, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
- NLRP3, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain, leucine-rich repeat and pyrin domain-containing 3
- PBMCs, peripheral blood mononuclear cells
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- STING
- STING, stimulator of interferon genes
- TBK1, TANK binding kinase 1
- TGF-β1, transforming growth factor beta 1
- TLR, Toll-like receptor
- TNF-α, tumour necrosis factor alpha
- Timp1, tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase 1
- WT, wild-type
- XBP1
- XBP1, X-box binding protein 1
- cGAS, cyclic GMP-AMP synthase
- mtDNA
- mtDNA, mitochondrial DNA
- p62, sequestosome 1
- sXBP1, spliced XBP1
- shRNAs, short hairpin RNAs
- uXBP1, unspliced XBP1
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China.,School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qingfa Bu
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Mu Liu
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Gu
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Li
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinren Zhou
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan Liang
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Wantong Su
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingming Wang
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhexiong Lian
- Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Lu
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China.,School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haoming Zhou
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
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Chen Y, Tian B. IFN-γ promotes the development of systemic lupus erythematosus through the IFNGR1/2-PSTAT1-TBX21 signaling axis. Am J Transl Res 2022; 14:6874-6888. [PMID: 36398225 PMCID: PMC9641460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic disease that causes inflammation in cartilage and the lining of blood vessels. Emerging evidence implicates IFN-γ as a major effector molecule in SLE during both active and stable stages. Here, we investigated the effects of IFN-γ on cytokines that play an autoimmune disease-promoting role and Th1-versus-Th2 and B cell dualism in SLE patients and mouse models of SLE. METHODS The levels of pro-inflammatory factors CXCL11, IFN-γ, IL-1β and IL-4, and immune complexes IgG, anti-dsDNA and anti-RNP were assessed through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Flow cytometry was performed to measure Th1, Th2 and B cell counts and IFNGR1, IFNGR2, pSTAT1 and TBX21 expression. The pathology of renal tissue from mouse SLE models was investigated through Hematoxylin eosin (H&E) staining. The levels of IgG, anti-dsDNA and anti-RNP were determined through immunofluorescence (IF) assays. RESULTS Skin damage was observed in SLE patients in both active and stable stages. ELISA analysis showed that SLE patients displayed higher levels of pro-inflammatory factors (CXCL11, IFN-γ, IL-1β and IL-4) and immune complexes (IgG, anti-dsDNA and anti-RNP). The percentage of Th1 and B cells was increased in blood samples from SLE patients with skin lesions (SL) or lupus nephritis (LN). The percentage of Th2 cells among the groups were comparable. Higher levels of IFNGR1, IFNGR2, pSTAT1 and TBX21 were observed in Th1 but not Th2 cells. In SLE mouse models, H&E staining revealed fewer immune complexes in glomerular endothelial cells and decreased hyaline thrombus in the capillary lumen following treatment with anti-IFN-γ antibodies or following IFNGR1 or STAT1 silencing. CONCLUSION IFN-γ contributes to the pathogenesis of SLE through the IFNGR1/2-pSTAT1-TBX21 axis and regulates inflammation and immune complex formation in SLE mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyang 100012, Liaoning, China
| | - Bailing Tian
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyang 100012, Liaoning, China
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18
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Spliced X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1s) protects spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced damage by regulating the testicular microenvironment. Theriogenology 2022; 191:132-140. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Snider DL, Park M, Murphy KA, Beachboard DC, Horner SM. Signaling from the RNA sensor RIG-I is regulated by ufmylation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2119531119. [PMID: 35394863 PMCID: PMC9169834 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2119531119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The RNA-binding protein RIG-I is a key initiator of the antiviral innate immune response. The signaling that mediates the antiviral response downstream of RIG-I is transduced through the adaptor protein MAVS and results in the induction of type I and III interferons (IFNs). This signal transduction occurs at endoplasmic reticulum (ER)–mitochondrial contact sites, to which RIG-I and other signaling proteins are recruited following their activation. RIG-I signaling is highly regulated to prevent aberrant activation of this pathway and dysregulated induction of IFN. Previously, we identified UFL1, the E3 ligase of the ubiquitin-like modifier conjugation system called ufmylation, as one of the proteins recruited to membranes at ER–mitochondrial contact sites in response to RIG-I activation. Here, we show that UFL1, as well as the process of ufmylation, promote IFN induction in response to RIG-I activation. We found that following RNA virus infection, UFL1 is recruited to the membrane-targeting protein 14–3-3ε and that this complex is then recruited to activated RIG-I to promote downstream innate immune signaling. Importantly, we found that 14–3-3ε has an increase in UFM1 conjugation following RIG-I activation. Additionally, loss of cellular ufmylation prevents the interaction of 14–3-3ε with RIG-I, which abrogates the interaction of RIG-I with MAVS and thus the downstream signal transduction that induces IFN. Our results define ufmylation as an integral regulatory component of the RIG-I signaling pathway and as a posttranslational control for IFN induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daltry L. Snider
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Moonhee Park
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Kristen A. Murphy
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Dia C. Beachboard
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Stacy M. Horner
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
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20
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Cheng Y, Niu Z, Cai Y, Zhang W. Emerging role of UFMylation in secretory cells involved in the endocrine system by maintaining ER proteostasis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1085408. [PMID: 36743909 PMCID: PMC9894094 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1085408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin-fold modifier 1 (UFM1) is a ubiquitin-like molecule (UBL) discovered almost two decades ago, but our knowledge about the cellular and molecular mechanisms of this novel protein post-translational modification is still very fragmentary. In this review, we first summarize the core enzymes and factors involved in the UFMylation cascade, which, similar to ubiquitin, is consecutively catalyzed by UFM1-activating enzyme 5 (UBA5), UFM1-conjugating enzyme 1 (UFC1) and UFM1-specific ligase 1 (UFL1). Inspired by the substantial implications of UFM1 machinery in the secretory pathway, we next concentrate on the puzzling role of UFMylation in maintaining ER protein homeostasis, intending to illustrate the underlying mechanisms and future perspectives. At last, given a robust ER network is a hallmark of healthy endocrine secretory cells, we emphasize the function of UFM1 modification in physiology and pathology in the context of endocrine glands pancreas and female ovaries, aiming to provide precise insight into other internal glands of the endocrine system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Cheng
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zikang Niu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yafei Cai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Zhang,
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Ricci D, Gidalevitz T, Argon Y. The special unfolded protein response in plasma cells. Immunol Rev 2021; 303:35-51. [PMID: 34368957 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The high rate of antibody production places considerable metabolic and folding stress on plasma cells (PC). Not surprisingly, they rely on the unfolded protein response (UPR), a universal signaling, and transcriptional network that monitors the health of the secretory pathway and mounts cellular responses to stress. Typically, the UPR utilizes three distinct stress sensors in the ER membrane, each regulating a subset of targets to re-establish homeostasis. PC use a specialized UPR scheme-they preemptively trigger the UPR via developmental signals and suppress two of the sensors, PERK and ATF6, relying on IRE1 alone. The specialized PC UPR program is tuned to the specific needs at every stage of development-from early biogenesis of secretory apparatus, to massive immunoglobulin expression later. Furthermore, the UPR in PC integrates with other pathways essential in a highly secretory cell-mTOR pathway that ensures efficient synthesis, autophagosomes that recycle components of the synthetic machinery, and apoptotic signaling that controls cell fate in the face of excessive folding stress. This specialized PC program is not shared with other secretory cells, for reasons yet to be defined. In this review, we give a perspective into how and why PC need such a unique UPR program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Ricci
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, The Childrens' Hospital of Philadelphia and the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tali Gidalevitz
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yair Argon
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, The Childrens' Hospital of Philadelphia and the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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