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Ng D, Watson N, McDermott EA, Kurucu H, Summers D, Andrews M, Green A, Barria M, McKenzie J, Tam J, Smith C, Pal S. Characterisation of RT-QuIC negative cases from the UK National CJD Research and Surveillance programme. J Neurol 2024:10.1007/s00415-024-12345-w. [PMID: 38597944 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-024-12345-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Incorporation of the real-time quaking-induced conversion (RT-QuIC) assays for diagnosis of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) has transformed diagnosis largely related to its extremely high specificity. However, the test has a c.10% false-negative result and we aim to characterize the clinical features, investigation profile, and molecular subtype in this cohort of patients. METHODS 250 individuals diagnosed with definite sporadic CJD were identified from the UK National CJD Research and Surveillance Unit from 2012 to 2023. We compared the clinical features and investigation profile in those with a negative CSF RT-QuIC to those with a positive RT-QuIC. RESULTS 27 individuals (10.8%) were CSF RT-QuIC negative. Median age of onset was younger (62 years vs 68 years, p = 0.002), median disease duration was longer (4.4 months vs 10.5 months, p < 0.001), and these individuals were less likely to present with gait difficulties (73% vs 93%, p = 0.003) or motor symptoms (62% vs 80%, p = 0.04). The sensitivity of electroencephalography and diffusion-weighted MRI were similar in both groups. In those who were RT-QuIC negative, there was an overrepresentation of the VV1 (32% vs 1%) and MM2 molecular subtypes (21% vs 3%). Co-occurring neurodegenerative disease was found in 33% (9/27) of those who were RT-QuIC negative. CONCLUSIONS Individuals with sporadic CJD and a negative CSF RT-QuIC present with younger age of onset, different clinical features and are over-represented with the VV1 and MM2 subtypes of sporadic CJD. Further work is required to better understand the biochemical properties contributing to RT-QuIC negative results in these cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Ng
- UK National CJD Research and Surveillance Unit, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Neil Watson
- UK National CJD Research and Surveillance Unit, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Eugene Ace McDermott
- UK National CJD Research and Surveillance Unit, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Hatice Kurucu
- UK National CJD Research and Surveillance Unit, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David Summers
- UK National CJD Research and Surveillance Unit, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mary Andrews
- UK National CJD Research and Surveillance Unit, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Alison Green
- UK National CJD Research and Surveillance Unit, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Marcelo Barria
- UK National CJD Research and Surveillance Unit, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Janet McKenzie
- UK National CJD Research and Surveillance Unit, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Johnny Tam
- UK National CJD Research and Surveillance Unit, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Colin Smith
- UK National CJD Research and Surveillance Unit, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Suvankar Pal
- UK National CJD Research and Surveillance Unit, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Baksh RA, MacPherson SE, Auyeung B, Pal S, Abrahams S. The relationship between social cognitive processes and behavior changes in people with amnestic mild cognitive impairment or dementia using the Edinburgh Social Cognition Test (ESCoT). Neuropsychology 2024; 38:223-238. [PMID: 38095938 DOI: 10.1037/neu0000929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE People with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) or dementia often exhibit a decline in their social abilities, but few tests of social cognition exist that are suitable for clinical use. Moreover, the relationship between changes in behavior and impairments in social cognition is poorly understood. We examined the utility of the Edinburgh Social Cognition Test (ESCoT) in people with aMCI/dementia and explored associations between social cognition performance and behavior changes. METHOD We administered the ESCoT and two established social cognition tests (the Reading the Mind in the Eyes and the Social Norms Questionnaire) to 28 people with aMCI or dementia and 28 age and sex matched cognitively healthy controls. Behavior change was measured using a semistructured interview which assesses behavioral abnormalities found in frontotemporal dementia. RESULTS People with aMCI/dementia were impaired on the ESCoT affective theory of mind, ESCoT total score and the Reading the Mind in the Eyes. Behavior changes in the domains of apathy, loss of sympathy/empathy, perseveration, and psychotic symptoms were associated with poorer affective theory of mind scores. Disinhibition, loss of sympathy/empathy and hyperorality or altered food preferences were associated with cognitive theory of mind. All behaviors were significantly associated with poorer performance on ESCoT total score, but were not associated with performance on the Reading the Mind in the Eyes or the Social Norms Questionnaire. CONCLUSIONS The ESCoT was sensitive to social cognition impairments in people with aMCI/dementia and it relates to behavior change in aMCI/dementia unlike established tests. Different subtests of the ESCoT were related to different behavior changes. These findings suggest that the ESCoT may be a clinically valuable tool when examining social cognition. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- R Asaad Baksh
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London
| | - Sarah E MacPherson
- Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology, and Language Sciences, University of Edinburgh
| | - Bonnie Auyeung
- Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology, and Language Sciences, University of Edinburgh
| | - Suvankar Pal
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh
| | - Sharon Abrahams
- Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology, and Language Sciences, University of Edinburgh
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Ippersiel P, Dussault-Picard C, Mohammadyari SG, De Carvalho GB, Chandran VD, Pal S, Dixon PC. Muscle coactivation during gait in children with and without cerebral palsy. Gait Posture 2024; 108:110-116. [PMID: 38029482 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2023.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with Cerebral Palsy (CP) walk with an uncoordinated gait compared to Typically Developing (TD) children. This behavior may reflect greater muscle co-activation in the lower limb; however, findings are inconsistent, and the determinants of this construct are unclear. RESEARCH OBJECTIVES (i) Compare lower-limb muscle co-activation during gait in children with, and without CP, and (ii) determine the extent to which muscle co-activation is influenced by electromyography normalization procedures and Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) class. METHODS An electromyography system measured muscle activity in the rectus femoris, semitendinosus, gastrocnemius, and tibialis anterior muscles during walking in 46 children (19 CP, 27 TD). Muscle co-activation was calculated for the tibialis anterior-gastrocnemius (TA-G), rectus femoris-gastrocnemius (RF-G), and rectus femoris-semitendinosus (RF-S) pairings, both using root mean squared (RMS)-averaged and dynamically normalized data, during stance and swing. Mann-Whitney U and independent t-tests examined differences in muscle co-activation by group (CP vs. TD) and GMFCS class (CP only), while mean difference 95% bootstrapped confidence intervals compared electromyography normalization procedures. RESULTS Using dynamically normalized data, the CP group had greater muscle co-activation for the TA-G and RF-G pairs during stance (p < 0.01). Using RMS-averaged data, the CP group had greater muscle co-activation for TA-G (stance and swing, p < 0.01), RF-G (stance, p < 0.05), and RF-S (swing, p < 0.01) pairings. Muscle co-activation calculated with dynamically normalized, compared to RMS-averaged data, were larger in the RF-S and RF-G (stance) pairs, but smaller during swing (RF-G). Children with CP classified as GMFCS II had greater muscle co-activation during stance in the TA-G pair (p < 0.05). SIGNIFICANCE Greater muscle co-activation observed in children with CP during stance may reflect a less robust gait strategy. Although data normalization procedures influence muscle co-activation ratios, this behavior was observed independent of normalization technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Ippersiel
- School of Kinesiology and Physical Activity Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Canada; Research Center of the CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Canada.
| | - C Dussault-Picard
- School of Kinesiology and Physical Activity Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Canada; Research Center of the CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Canada
| | - S G Mohammadyari
- School of Kinesiology and Physical Activity Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Canada; Research Center of the CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Canada
| | - G B De Carvalho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - V D Chandran
- Department of Rehabilitation, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, U.S.A
| | - S Pal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - P C Dixon
- School of Kinesiology and Physical Activity Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Canada; Research Center of the CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Canada; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Canada
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Gray D, Lesley R, Mayberry EJ, Williams L, McHutchison C, Newton J, Pal S, Chandran S, MacPherson SE, Abrahams S. Development, reliability, validity, and acceptability of the remote administration of the Edinburgh Cognitive and Behavioural ALS Screen (ECAS). Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener 2024; 25:96-103. [PMID: 37950613 DOI: 10.1080/21678421.2023.2278512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND ALS clinical care and research has changed dramatically since the COVID-19 pandemic, accelerating the need for cognitive assessments to be adapted for remote use. OBJECTIVES To develop the remote administration method of the Edinburgh Cognitive and Behavioural ALS Screen (ECAS), and determine its reliability and validity. Methods: The validation process consisted of: (1) Two versions of the ECAS (A and B) were administered, one in-person and one remotely via video call in a randomized order to 27 people without ALS; (2) The ECAS was administered remotely to 24 pwALS, with a second rater independently scoring performance; and (3) Acceptability was assessed by gathering feedback from 17 pwALS and 19 clinicians and researchers about their experience of using the ECAS remotely. RESULTS In the group without ALS, the remote and in-person ECAS total scores were found to be equivalent, and a Bland-Altman plot showed good agreement between the two administration methods. In pwALS, there was excellent agreement between two raters (ICC = 0.99). Positive feedback was gained from pwALS, researchers and clinicians with regards to ease of process, convenience, time, and the environment. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide evidence of the reliability and validity of the remote administration of the ECAS for pwALS, with clinicians, researchers and pwALS viewing it as a good alternative to face-to-face administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debbie Gray
- Human Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Rosemary Lesley
- Sheffield Motor Neurone Disease Care Centre & Clinical Neuropsychology Services, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Emily J Mayberry
- Sheffield Motor Neurone Disease Care Centre & Clinical Neuropsychology Services, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | | | - Caroline McHutchison
- Human Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Judith Newton
- Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK, and
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Suvankar Pal
- Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK, and
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Siddharthan Chandran
- Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK, and
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Sarah E MacPherson
- Human Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Sharon Abrahams
- Human Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Beswick E, Johnson M, Newton J, Dakin R, Stenson A, Abrahams S, Carson A, Chandran S, Pal S. Factors impacting trial participation in people with motor neuron disease. J Neurol 2024; 271:543-552. [PMID: 37787812 PMCID: PMC10769905 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-023-12010-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Motor neuron disease (MND) is a rapidly progressive neurodegenerative disorder with limited treatment options. Historically, neurological trials have been plagued by suboptimal recruitment and high rates of attrition. The Motor Neuron Disease-Systematic Multi-Arm Randomised Adaptive Trial (MND-SMART) seeks to identify effective disease modifying drugs. This study investigates person-specific factors affecting recruitment and retention. Improved understanding of these factors may improve trial protocol design, optimise recruitment and retention. Participants with MND completed questionnaires and this was supplemented with clinical data. 12 months after completing the questionnaires we used MND-SMART recruitment data to establish if members of our cohort engaged with the trial. 120 people with MND completed questionnaires for this study. Mean age at participation was 66 (SD = 9), 14% (n = 17) were categorised as long survivors, with 68% (n = 81) of participants male and 60% (n = 73) had the ALS sub-type. Of the 120 study participants, 50% (n = 60) were randomised into MND-SMART and 78% (n = 94) expressed interest an in participating. After the 1-year follow-up period 65% (n = 39) of the 60 randomised participants remained in MND-SMART. Older age was significantly associated with reduced likelihood of participation (OR = 0.92, 95% CI = 0.88-0.96, p = 0.000488). The findings show that people with MND are highly motivated to engage in research, but older individuals remain significantly less likely to participate. We recommend the inclusion of studies to explore characteristics of prospective and current participants alongside trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Beswick
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
- Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, The University of Edinburgh, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4 SB, Scotland
- Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Micheala Johnson
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
- Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, The University of Edinburgh, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4 SB, Scotland
- Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Judith Newton
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
- Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, The University of Edinburgh, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4 SB, Scotland
- Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Rachel Dakin
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
- Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, The University of Edinburgh, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4 SB, Scotland
- Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Amy Stenson
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
- Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, The University of Edinburgh, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4 SB, Scotland
- Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Sharon Abrahams
- Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
- Human Cognitive Neurosciences, Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Alan Carson
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
- Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, The University of Edinburgh, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4 SB, Scotland
| | - Siddharthan Chandran
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
- Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, The University of Edinburgh, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4 SB, Scotland
- Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
- UK Dementia Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Suvankar Pal
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland.
- Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, The University of Edinburgh, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4 SB, Scotland.
- Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland.
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Beswick E, Forbes D, Johnson M, Newton J, Dakin R, Glasmcher S, Abrahams S, Carson A, Chandran S, Pal S. Non-motor symptoms in motor neuron disease: prevalence, assessment and impact. Brain Commun 2023; 6:fcad336. [PMID: 38162906 PMCID: PMC10754319 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcad336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
People with motor neuron disease often experience non-motor symptoms that may occur secondary to, or distinct from, motor degeneration and that may significantly reduce quality of life, despite being under-recognized and evaluated in clinical practice. Non-motor symptoms explored in this population-based study include pain, fatigue, gastrointestinal issues, poor sleep, low mood, anxiety, problematic saliva, apathy, emotional lability, cognitive complaints and sexual dysfunction. People registered on the Clinical Audit Research and Evaluation of motor neuron disease platform, the Scottish Motor Neuron Disease Register, were invited to complete a questionnaire on non-motor symptoms and a self-reported Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale. The questionnaire comprised a pre-defined list of 11 potential non-motor symptoms, with the opportunity to list additional symptoms. A total of 120 individuals participated in this cross-sectional study, a 39% response rate of those sent questionnaires (n = 311); 99% of participants recruited (n = 120) experienced at least one non-motor symptom, with 72% (n = 120) reporting five or more. The symptoms most often reported were pain and fatigue (reported by 76% of participants, respectively). The symptoms reported to be most impactful were gastrointestinal issues (reported as 'severe' by 54% of participants who experienced them), followed by pain and problematic saliva (51%, respectively). Lower Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale scores, indicating more advanced disease and being a long survivor [diagnosed over 8 years ago; Black et al. (Genetic epidemiology of motor neuron disease-associated variants in the Scottish population. Neurobiol Aging. 2017;51:178.e11-178.e20.)], were significantly associated with reporting more symptoms; 73% of respondents were satisfied with the frequency that non-motor symptoms were discussed in clinical care; 80% of participants indicated they believe evaluation of non-motor symptom is important to include as outcomes in trials, independent of their personal experience of these symptoms. The preferred method of assessment was completing questionnaires, at home. The overwhelming majority of people with motor neuron disease report non-motor symptoms and these frequently co-occur. Pain, fatigue, gastrointestinal issues, sleep, mood, anxiety, problematic saliva, apathy, emotional lability, cognitive complaints and sexual dysfunction are prevalent. People with motor neuron disease who had worse physical function and those who were long survivors were more likely to report more symptoms. Where reported, these symptoms are frequent, impactful and a priority for people with motor neuron disease in clinical care and trial design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Beswick
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Deborah Forbes
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Micheala Johnson
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Judith Newton
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Rachel Dakin
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Stella Glasmcher
- Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Sharon Abrahams
- Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Human Cognitive Neurosciences, Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Alan Carson
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Siddharthan Chandran
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Suvankar Pal
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Mehta AR, Carpenter JR, Nicholas JM, Chataway J, Virgo B, Parmar MKB, Chandran S, Pal S. The role of placebo control in clinical trials for neurodegenerative diseases. Nat Med 2023; 29:2682-2683. [PMID: 37710137 DOI: 10.1038/d41591-023-00080-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
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Aalbers J, Akerib DS, Akerlof CW, Al Musalhi AK, Alder F, Alqahtani A, Alsum SK, Amarasinghe CS, Ames A, Anderson TJ, Angelides N, Araújo HM, Armstrong JE, Arthurs M, Azadi S, Bailey AJ, Baker A, Balajthy J, Balashov S, Bang J, Bargemann JW, Barry MJ, Barthel J, Bauer D, Baxter A, Beattie K, Belle J, Beltrame P, Bensinger J, Benson T, Bernard EP, Bhatti A, Biekert A, Biesiadzinski TP, Birch HJ, Birrittella B, Blockinger GM, Boast KE, Boxer B, Bramante R, Brew CAJ, Brás P, Buckley JH, Bugaev VV, Burdin S, Busenitz JK, Buuck M, Cabrita R, Carels C, Carlsmith DL, Carlson B, Carmona-Benitez MC, Cascella M, Chan C, Chawla A, Chen H, Cherwinka JJ, Chott NI, Cole A, Coleman J, Converse MV, Cottle A, Cox G, Craddock WW, Creaner O, Curran D, Currie A, Cutter JE, Dahl CE, David A, Davis J, Davison TJR, Delgaudio J, Dey S, de Viveiros L, Dobi A, Dobson JEY, Druszkiewicz E, Dushkin A, Edberg TK, Edwards WR, Elnimr MM, Emmet WT, Eriksen SR, Faham CH, Fan A, Fayer S, Fearon NM, Fiorucci S, Flaecher H, Ford P, Francis VB, Fraser ED, Fruth T, Gaitskell RJ, Gantos NJ, Garcia D, Geffre A, Gehman VM, Genovesi J, Ghag C, Gibbons R, Gibson E, Gilchriese MGD, Gokhale S, Gomber B, Green J, Greenall A, Greenwood S, van der Grinten MGD, Gwilliam CB, Hall CR, Hans S, Hanzel K, Harrison A, Hartigan-O'Connor E, Haselschwardt SJ, Hernandez MA, Hertel SA, Heuermann G, Hjemfelt C, Hoff MD, Holtom E, Hor JYK, Horn M, Huang DQ, Hunt D, Ignarra CM, Jacobsen RG, Jahangir O, James RS, Jeffery SN, Ji W, Johnson J, Kaboth AC, Kamaha AC, Kamdin K, Kasey V, Kazkaz K, Keefner J, Khaitan D, Khaleeq M, Khazov A, Khurana I, Kim YD, Kocher CD, Kodroff D, Korley L, Korolkova EV, Kras J, Kraus H, Kravitz S, Krebs HJ, Kreczko L, Krikler B, Kudryavtsev VA, Kyre S, Landerud B, Leason EA, Lee C, Lee J, Leonard DS, Leonard R, Lesko KT, Levy C, Li J, Liao FT, Liao J, Lin J, Lindote A, Linehan R, Lippincott WH, Liu R, Liu X, Liu Y, Loniewski C, Lopes MI, Lopez Asamar E, López Paredes B, Lorenzon W, Lucero D, Luitz S, Lyle JM, Majewski PA, Makkinje J, Malling DC, Manalaysay A, Manenti L, Mannino RL, Marangou N, Marzioni MF, Maupin C, McCarthy ME, McConnell CT, McKinsey DN, McLaughlin J, Meng Y, Migneault J, Miller EH, Mizrachi E, Mock JA, Monte A, Monzani ME, Morad JA, Morales Mendoza JD, Morrison E, Mount BJ, Murdy M, Murphy ASJ, Naim D, Naylor A, Nedlik C, Nehrkorn C, Neves F, Nguyen A, Nikoleyczik JA, Nilima A, O'Dell J, O'Neill FG, O'Sullivan K, Olcina I, Olevitch MA, Oliver-Mallory KC, Orpwood J, Pagenkopf D, Pal S, Palladino KJ, Palmer J, Pangilinan M, Parveen N, Patton SJ, Pease EK, Penning B, Pereira C, Pereira G, Perry E, Pershing T, Peterson IB, Piepke A, Podczerwinski J, Porzio D, Powell S, Preece RM, Pushkin K, Qie Y, Ratcliff BN, Reichenbacher J, Reichhart L, Rhyne CA, Richards A, Riffard Q, Rischbieter GRC, Rodrigues JP, Rodriguez A, Rose HJ, Rosero R, Rossiter P, Rushton T, Rutherford G, Rynders D, Saba JS, Santone D, Sazzad ABMR, Schnee RW, Scovell PR, Seymour D, Shaw S, Shutt T, Silk JJ, Silva C, Sinev G, Skarpaas K, Skulski W, Smith R, Solmaz M, Solovov VN, Sorensen P, Soria J, Stancu I, Stark MR, Stevens A, Stiegler TM, Stifter K, Studley R, Suerfu B, Sumner TJ, Sutcliffe P, Swanson N, Szydagis M, Tan M, Taylor DJ, Taylor R, Taylor WC, Temples DJ, Tennyson BP, Terman PA, Thomas KJ, Tiedt DR, Timalsina M, To WH, Tomás A, Tong Z, Tovey DR, Tranter J, Trask M, Tripathi M, Tronstad DR, Tull CE, Turner W, Tvrznikova L, Utku U, Va'vra J, Vacheret A, Vaitkus AC, Verbus JR, Voirin E, Waldron WL, Wang A, Wang B, Wang JJ, Wang W, Wang Y, Watson JR, Webb RC, White A, White DT, White JT, White RG, Whitis TJ, Williams M, Wisniewski WJ, Witherell MS, Wolfs FLH, Wolfs JD, Woodford S, Woodward D, Worm SD, Wright CJ, Xia Q, Xiang X, Xiao Q, Xu J, Yeh M, Yin J, Young I, Zarzhitsky P, Zuckerman A, Zweig EA. First Dark Matter Search Results from the LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) Experiment. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 131:041002. [PMID: 37566836 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.041002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
The LUX-ZEPLIN experiment is a dark matter detector centered on a dual-phase xenon time projection chamber operating at the Sanford Underground Research Facility in Lead, South Dakota, USA. This Letter reports results from LUX-ZEPLIN's first search for weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) with an exposure of 60 live days using a fiducial mass of 5.5 t. A profile-likelihood ratio analysis shows the data to be consistent with a background-only hypothesis, setting new limits on spin-independent WIMP-nucleon, spin-dependent WIMP-neutron, and spin-dependent WIMP-proton cross sections for WIMP masses above 9 GeV/c^{2}. The most stringent limit is set for spin-independent scattering at 36 GeV/c^{2}, rejecting cross sections above 9.2×10^{-48} cm at the 90% confidence level.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Aalbers
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025-7015, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4085 USA
| | - D S Akerib
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025-7015, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4085 USA
| | - C W Akerlof
- University of Michigan, Randall Laboratory of Physics, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA
| | - A K Al Musalhi
- University of Oxford, Department of Physics, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - F Alder
- University College London (UCL), Department of Physics and Astronomy, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - A Alqahtani
- Brown University, Department of Physics, Providence, Rhode Island 02912-9037, USA
| | - S K Alsum
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Physics, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1390, USA
| | - C S Amarasinghe
- University of Michigan, Randall Laboratory of Physics, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA
| | - A Ames
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025-7015, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4085 USA
| | - T J Anderson
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025-7015, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4085 USA
| | - N Angelides
- University College London (UCL), Department of Physics and Astronomy, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
- Imperial College London, Physics Department, Blackett Laboratory, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - H M Araújo
- Imperial College London, Physics Department, Blackett Laboratory, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - J E Armstrong
- University of Maryland, Department of Physics, College Park, Maryland 20742-4111, USA
| | - M Arthurs
- University of Michigan, Randall Laboratory of Physics, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA
| | - S Azadi
- University of California, Santa Barbara, Department of Physics, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9530, USA
| | - A J Bailey
- Imperial College London, Physics Department, Blackett Laboratory, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - A Baker
- Imperial College London, Physics Department, Blackett Laboratory, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - J Balajthy
- University of California, Davis, Department of Physics, Davis, California 95616-5270, USA
| | - S Balashov
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Didcot, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - J Bang
- Brown University, Department of Physics, Providence, Rhode Island 02912-9037, USA
| | - J W Bargemann
- University of California, Santa Barbara, Department of Physics, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9530, USA
| | - M J Barry
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
| | - J Barthel
- South Dakota Science and Technology Authority (SDSTA), Sanford Underground Research Facility, Lead, South Dakota 57754-1700, USA
| | - D Bauer
- Imperial College London, Physics Department, Blackett Laboratory, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - A Baxter
- University of Liverpool, Department of Physics, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - K Beattie
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
| | - J Belle
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510-5011, USA
| | - P Beltrame
- University College London (UCL), Department of Physics and Astronomy, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
- University of Edinburgh, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
| | - J Bensinger
- Brandeis University, Department of Physics, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, USA
| | - T Benson
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Physics, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1390, USA
| | - E P Bernard
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
- University of California, Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720-7300, USA
| | - A Bhatti
- University of Maryland, Department of Physics, College Park, Maryland 20742-4111, USA
| | - A Biekert
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
- University of California, Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720-7300, USA
| | - T P Biesiadzinski
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025-7015, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4085 USA
| | - H J Birch
- University of Michigan, Randall Laboratory of Physics, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA
- University of Liverpool, Department of Physics, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - B Birrittella
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Physics, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1390, USA
| | - G M Blockinger
- University at Albany (SUNY), Department of Physics, Albany, New York 12222-0100, USA
| | - K E Boast
- University of Oxford, Department of Physics, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - B Boxer
- University of California, Davis, Department of Physics, Davis, California 95616-5270, USA
- University of Liverpool, Department of Physics, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - R Bramante
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025-7015, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4085 USA
| | - C A J Brew
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Didcot, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - P Brás
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas (LIP), University of Coimbra, P-3004 516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - J H Buckley
- Washington University in St. Louis, Department of Physics, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4862, USA
| | - V V Bugaev
- Washington University in St. Louis, Department of Physics, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4862, USA
| | - S Burdin
- University of Liverpool, Department of Physics, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - J K Busenitz
- University of Alabama, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 34587-0324, USA
| | - M Buuck
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025-7015, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4085 USA
| | - R Cabrita
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas (LIP), University of Coimbra, P-3004 516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - C Carels
- University of Oxford, Department of Physics, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - D L Carlsmith
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Physics, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1390, USA
| | - B Carlson
- South Dakota Science and Technology Authority (SDSTA), Sanford Underground Research Facility, Lead, South Dakota 57754-1700, USA
| | - M C Carmona-Benitez
- Pennsylvania State University, Department of Physics, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802-6300, USA
| | - M Cascella
- University College London (UCL), Department of Physics and Astronomy, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - C Chan
- Brown University, Department of Physics, Providence, Rhode Island 02912-9037, USA
| | - A Chawla
- Royal Holloway, University of London, Department of Physics, Egham, TW20 0EX, United Kingdom
| | - H Chen
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
| | - J J Cherwinka
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Physics, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1390, USA
| | - N I Chott
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701-3901, USA
| | - A Cole
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
| | - J Coleman
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
| | - M V Converse
- University of Rochester, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester, New York 14627-0171, USA
| | - A Cottle
- University of Oxford, Department of Physics, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510-5011, USA
| | - G Cox
- South Dakota Science and Technology Authority (SDSTA), Sanford Underground Research Facility, Lead, South Dakota 57754-1700, USA
- Pennsylvania State University, Department of Physics, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802-6300, USA
| | - W W Craddock
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025-7015, USA
| | - O Creaner
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
| | - D Curran
- South Dakota Science and Technology Authority (SDSTA), Sanford Underground Research Facility, Lead, South Dakota 57754-1700, USA
| | - A Currie
- Imperial College London, Physics Department, Blackett Laboratory, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - J E Cutter
- University of California, Davis, Department of Physics, Davis, California 95616-5270, USA
| | - C E Dahl
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510-5011, USA
- Northwestern University, Department of Physics & Astronomy, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3112, USA
| | - A David
- University College London (UCL), Department of Physics and Astronomy, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - J Davis
- South Dakota Science and Technology Authority (SDSTA), Sanford Underground Research Facility, Lead, South Dakota 57754-1700, USA
| | - T J R Davison
- University of Edinburgh, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
| | - J Delgaudio
- South Dakota Science and Technology Authority (SDSTA), Sanford Underground Research Facility, Lead, South Dakota 57754-1700, USA
| | - S Dey
- University of Oxford, Department of Physics, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - L de Viveiros
- Pennsylvania State University, Department of Physics, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802-6300, USA
| | - A Dobi
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
| | - J E Y Dobson
- University College London (UCL), Department of Physics and Astronomy, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - E Druszkiewicz
- University of Rochester, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester, New York 14627-0171, USA
| | - A Dushkin
- Brandeis University, Department of Physics, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, USA
| | - T K Edberg
- University of Maryland, Department of Physics, College Park, Maryland 20742-4111, USA
| | - W R Edwards
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
| | - M M Elnimr
- University of Alabama, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 34587-0324, USA
| | - W T Emmet
- Yale University, Department of Physics, New Haven, Connecticut 06511-8499, USA
| | - S R Eriksen
- University of Bristol, H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, Bristol, BS8 1TL, United Kingdom
| | - C H Faham
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
| | - A Fan
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025-7015, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4085 USA
| | - S Fayer
- Imperial College London, Physics Department, Blackett Laboratory, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - N M Fearon
- University of Oxford, Department of Physics, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - S Fiorucci
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
| | - H Flaecher
- University of Bristol, H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, Bristol, BS8 1TL, United Kingdom
| | - P Ford
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Didcot, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - V B Francis
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Didcot, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - E D Fraser
- University of Liverpool, Department of Physics, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - T Fruth
- University of Oxford, Department of Physics, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
- University College London (UCL), Department of Physics and Astronomy, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - R J Gaitskell
- Brown University, Department of Physics, Providence, Rhode Island 02912-9037, USA
| | - N J Gantos
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
| | - D Garcia
- Brown University, Department of Physics, Providence, Rhode Island 02912-9037, USA
| | - A Geffre
- South Dakota Science and Technology Authority (SDSTA), Sanford Underground Research Facility, Lead, South Dakota 57754-1700, USA
| | - V M Gehman
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
| | - J Genovesi
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701-3901, USA
| | - C Ghag
- University College London (UCL), Department of Physics and Astronomy, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - R Gibbons
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
- University of California, Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720-7300, USA
| | - E Gibson
- University of Oxford, Department of Physics, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - M G D Gilchriese
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
| | - S Gokhale
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - B Gomber
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Physics, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1390, USA
| | - J Green
- University of Oxford, Department of Physics, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - A Greenall
- University of Liverpool, Department of Physics, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - S Greenwood
- Imperial College London, Physics Department, Blackett Laboratory, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | | | - C B Gwilliam
- University of Liverpool, Department of Physics, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - C R Hall
- University of Maryland, Department of Physics, College Park, Maryland 20742-4111, USA
| | - S Hans
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - K Hanzel
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
| | - A Harrison
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701-3901, USA
| | - E Hartigan-O'Connor
- Brown University, Department of Physics, Providence, Rhode Island 02912-9037, USA
| | - S J Haselschwardt
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
| | - M A Hernandez
- University of Michigan, Randall Laboratory of Physics, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA
| | - S A Hertel
- University of Massachusetts, Department of Physics, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003-9337, USA
| | - G Heuermann
- University of Michigan, Randall Laboratory of Physics, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA
| | - C Hjemfelt
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701-3901, USA
| | - M D Hoff
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
| | - E Holtom
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Didcot, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - J Y-K Hor
- University of Alabama, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 34587-0324, USA
| | - M Horn
- South Dakota Science and Technology Authority (SDSTA), Sanford Underground Research Facility, Lead, South Dakota 57754-1700, USA
| | - D Q Huang
- University of Michigan, Randall Laboratory of Physics, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA
- Brown University, Department of Physics, Providence, Rhode Island 02912-9037, USA
| | - D Hunt
- University of Oxford, Department of Physics, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - C M Ignarra
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025-7015, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4085 USA
| | - R G Jacobsen
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
- University of California, Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720-7300, USA
| | - O Jahangir
- University College London (UCL), Department of Physics and Astronomy, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - R S James
- University College London (UCL), Department of Physics and Astronomy, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - S N Jeffery
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Didcot, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - W Ji
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025-7015, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4085 USA
| | - J Johnson
- University of California, Davis, Department of Physics, Davis, California 95616-5270, USA
| | - A C Kaboth
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Didcot, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
- Royal Holloway, University of London, Department of Physics, Egham, TW20 0EX, United Kingdom
| | - A C Kamaha
- University at Albany (SUNY), Department of Physics, Albany, New York 12222-0100, USA
- University of Califonia, Los Angeles, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Los Angeles, California 90095-1547
| | - K Kamdin
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
- University of California, Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720-7300, USA
| | - V Kasey
- Imperial College London, Physics Department, Blackett Laboratory, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - K Kazkaz
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, California 94550-9698, USA
| | - J Keefner
- South Dakota Science and Technology Authority (SDSTA), Sanford Underground Research Facility, Lead, South Dakota 57754-1700, USA
| | - D Khaitan
- University of Rochester, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester, New York 14627-0171, USA
| | - M Khaleeq
- Imperial College London, Physics Department, Blackett Laboratory, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - A Khazov
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Didcot, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - I Khurana
- University College London (UCL), Department of Physics and Astronomy, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Y D Kim
- IBS Center for Underground Physics (CUP), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea
| | - C D Kocher
- Brown University, Department of Physics, Providence, Rhode Island 02912-9037, USA
| | - D Kodroff
- Pennsylvania State University, Department of Physics, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802-6300, USA
| | - L Korley
- University of Michigan, Randall Laboratory of Physics, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA
- Brandeis University, Department of Physics, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, USA
| | - E V Korolkova
- University of Sheffield, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - J Kras
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Physics, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1390, USA
| | - H Kraus
- University of Oxford, Department of Physics, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - S Kravitz
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
| | - H J Krebs
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025-7015, USA
| | - L Kreczko
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - B Krikler
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - V A Kudryavtsev
- University of Sheffield, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - S Kyre
- University of California, Santa Barbara, Department of Physics, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9530, USA
| | - B Landerud
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Physics, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1390, USA
| | - E A Leason
- University of Edinburgh, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
| | - C Lee
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025-7015, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4085 USA
| | - J Lee
- IBS Center for Underground Physics (CUP), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea
| | - D S Leonard
- IBS Center for Underground Physics (CUP), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea
| | - R Leonard
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701-3901, USA
| | - K T Lesko
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
| | - C Levy
- University at Albany (SUNY), Department of Physics, Albany, New York 12222-0100, USA
| | - J Li
- IBS Center for Underground Physics (CUP), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea
| | - F-T Liao
- University of Oxford, Department of Physics, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - J Liao
- Brown University, Department of Physics, Providence, Rhode Island 02912-9037, USA
| | - J Lin
- University of Oxford, Department of Physics, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
- University of California, Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720-7300, USA
| | - A Lindote
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas (LIP), University of Coimbra, P-3004 516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - R Linehan
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025-7015, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4085 USA
| | - W H Lippincott
- University of California, Santa Barbara, Department of Physics, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9530, USA
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510-5011, USA
| | - R Liu
- Brown University, Department of Physics, Providence, Rhode Island 02912-9037, USA
| | - X Liu
- University of Edinburgh, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
| | - Y Liu
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Physics, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1390, USA
| | - C Loniewski
- University of Rochester, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester, New York 14627-0171, USA
| | - M I Lopes
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas (LIP), University of Coimbra, P-3004 516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - E Lopez Asamar
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas (LIP), University of Coimbra, P-3004 516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - B López Paredes
- Imperial College London, Physics Department, Blackett Laboratory, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - W Lorenzon
- University of Michigan, Randall Laboratory of Physics, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA
| | - D Lucero
- South Dakota Science and Technology Authority (SDSTA), Sanford Underground Research Facility, Lead, South Dakota 57754-1700, USA
| | - S Luitz
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025-7015, USA
| | - J M Lyle
- Brown University, Department of Physics, Providence, Rhode Island 02912-9037, USA
| | - P A Majewski
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Didcot, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - J Makkinje
- Brown University, Department of Physics, Providence, Rhode Island 02912-9037, USA
| | - D C Malling
- Brown University, Department of Physics, Providence, Rhode Island 02912-9037, USA
| | - A Manalaysay
- University of California, Davis, Department of Physics, Davis, California 95616-5270, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
| | - L Manenti
- University College London (UCL), Department of Physics and Astronomy, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - R L Mannino
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Physics, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1390, USA
| | - N Marangou
- Imperial College London, Physics Department, Blackett Laboratory, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - M F Marzioni
- University of Edinburgh, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
| | - C Maupin
- South Dakota Science and Technology Authority (SDSTA), Sanford Underground Research Facility, Lead, South Dakota 57754-1700, USA
| | - M E McCarthy
- University of Rochester, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester, New York 14627-0171, USA
| | - C T McConnell
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
| | - D N McKinsey
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
- University of California, Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720-7300, USA
| | - J McLaughlin
- Northwestern University, Department of Physics & Astronomy, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3112, USA
| | - Y Meng
- University of Alabama, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 34587-0324, USA
| | - J Migneault
- Brown University, Department of Physics, Providence, Rhode Island 02912-9037, USA
| | - E H Miller
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025-7015, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4085 USA
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701-3901, USA
| | - E Mizrachi
- University of Maryland, Department of Physics, College Park, Maryland 20742-4111, USA
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, California 94550-9698, USA
| | - J A Mock
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
- University at Albany (SUNY), Department of Physics, Albany, New York 12222-0100, USA
| | - A Monte
- University of California, Santa Barbara, Department of Physics, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9530, USA
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510-5011, USA
| | - M E Monzani
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025-7015, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4085 USA
- Vatican Observatory, Castel Gandolfo, V-00120, Vatican City State
| | - J A Morad
- University of California, Davis, Department of Physics, Davis, California 95616-5270, USA
| | - J D Morales Mendoza
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025-7015, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4085 USA
| | - E Morrison
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701-3901, USA
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- Black Hills State University, School of Natural Sciences, Spearfish, South Dakota 57799-0002, USA
| | - M Murdy
- University of Massachusetts, Department of Physics, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003-9337, USA
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- University of Edinburgh, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
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- University of California, Davis, Department of Physics, Davis, California 95616-5270, USA
| | - A Naylor
- University of Sheffield, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - C Nedlik
- University of Massachusetts, Department of Physics, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003-9337, USA
| | - C Nehrkorn
- University of California, Santa Barbara, Department of Physics, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9530, USA
| | - F Neves
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas (LIP), University of Coimbra, P-3004 516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - A Nguyen
- University of Edinburgh, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
| | - J A Nikoleyczik
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Physics, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1390, USA
| | - A Nilima
- University of Edinburgh, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
| | - J O'Dell
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Didcot, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - F G O'Neill
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025-7015, USA
| | - K O'Sullivan
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
- University of California, Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720-7300, USA
| | - I Olcina
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
- University of California, Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720-7300, USA
| | - M A Olevitch
- Washington University in St. Louis, Department of Physics, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4862, USA
| | - K C Oliver-Mallory
- Imperial College London, Physics Department, Blackett Laboratory, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
- University of California, Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720-7300, USA
| | - J Orpwood
- University of Sheffield, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - D Pagenkopf
- University of California, Santa Barbara, Department of Physics, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9530, USA
| | - S Pal
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas (LIP), University of Coimbra, P-3004 516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - K J Palladino
- University of Oxford, Department of Physics, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Physics, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1390, USA
| | - J Palmer
- Royal Holloway, University of London, Department of Physics, Egham, TW20 0EX, United Kingdom
| | - M Pangilinan
- Brown University, Department of Physics, Providence, Rhode Island 02912-9037, USA
| | - N Parveen
- University at Albany (SUNY), Department of Physics, Albany, New York 12222-0100, USA
| | - S J Patton
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
| | - E K Pease
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
| | - B Penning
- University of Michigan, Randall Laboratory of Physics, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA
- Brandeis University, Department of Physics, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, USA
| | - C Pereira
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas (LIP), University of Coimbra, P-3004 516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - G Pereira
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas (LIP), University of Coimbra, P-3004 516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - E Perry
- University College London (UCL), Department of Physics and Astronomy, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - T Pershing
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, California 94550-9698, USA
| | - I B Peterson
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
| | - A Piepke
- University of Alabama, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 34587-0324, USA
| | - J Podczerwinski
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Physics, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1390, USA
| | - D Porzio
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas (LIP), University of Coimbra, P-3004 516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - S Powell
- University of Liverpool, Department of Physics, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - R M Preece
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Didcot, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - K Pushkin
- University of Michigan, Randall Laboratory of Physics, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA
| | - Y Qie
- University of Rochester, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester, New York 14627-0171, USA
| | - B N Ratcliff
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025-7015, USA
| | - J Reichenbacher
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701-3901, USA
| | - L Reichhart
- University College London (UCL), Department of Physics and Astronomy, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - C A Rhyne
- Brown University, Department of Physics, Providence, Rhode Island 02912-9037, USA
| | - A Richards
- Imperial College London, Physics Department, Blackett Laboratory, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Q Riffard
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
- University of California, Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720-7300, USA
| | - G R C Rischbieter
- University at Albany (SUNY), Department of Physics, Albany, New York 12222-0100, USA
| | - J P Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas (LIP), University of Coimbra, P-3004 516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - A Rodriguez
- Black Hills State University, School of Natural Sciences, Spearfish, South Dakota 57799-0002, USA
| | - H J Rose
- University of Liverpool, Department of Physics, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - R Rosero
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - P Rossiter
- University of Sheffield, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - T Rushton
- University of Sheffield, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - G Rutherford
- Brown University, Department of Physics, Providence, Rhode Island 02912-9037, USA
| | - D Rynders
- South Dakota Science and Technology Authority (SDSTA), Sanford Underground Research Facility, Lead, South Dakota 57754-1700, USA
| | - J S Saba
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
| | - D Santone
- Royal Holloway, University of London, Department of Physics, Egham, TW20 0EX, United Kingdom
| | - A B M R Sazzad
- University of Alabama, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 34587-0324, USA
| | - R W Schnee
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701-3901, USA
| | - P R Scovell
- University of Oxford, Department of Physics, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Didcot, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - D Seymour
- Brown University, Department of Physics, Providence, Rhode Island 02912-9037, USA
| | - S Shaw
- University of California, Santa Barbara, Department of Physics, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9530, USA
| | - T Shutt
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025-7015, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4085 USA
| | - J J Silk
- University of Maryland, Department of Physics, College Park, Maryland 20742-4111, USA
| | - C Silva
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas (LIP), University of Coimbra, P-3004 516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - G Sinev
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701-3901, USA
| | - K Skarpaas
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025-7015, USA
| | - W Skulski
- University of Rochester, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester, New York 14627-0171, USA
| | - R Smith
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
- University of California, Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720-7300, USA
| | - M Solmaz
- University of California, Santa Barbara, Department of Physics, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9530, USA
| | - V N Solovov
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas (LIP), University of Coimbra, P-3004 516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - P Sorensen
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
| | - J Soria
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
- University of California, Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720-7300, USA
| | - I Stancu
- University of Alabama, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 34587-0324, USA
| | - M R Stark
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701-3901, USA
| | - A Stevens
- University of Oxford, Department of Physics, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
- University College London (UCL), Department of Physics and Astronomy, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
- Imperial College London, Physics Department, Blackett Laboratory, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - T M Stiegler
- Texas A&M University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, College Station, Texas 77843-4242, USA
| | - K Stifter
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025-7015, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4085 USA
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510-5011, USA
| | - R Studley
- Brandeis University, Department of Physics, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, USA
| | - B Suerfu
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
- University of California, Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720-7300, USA
| | - T J Sumner
- Imperial College London, Physics Department, Blackett Laboratory, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - P Sutcliffe
- University of Liverpool, Department of Physics, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - N Swanson
- Brown University, Department of Physics, Providence, Rhode Island 02912-9037, USA
| | - M Szydagis
- University at Albany (SUNY), Department of Physics, Albany, New York 12222-0100, USA
| | - M Tan
- University of Oxford, Department of Physics, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - D J Taylor
- South Dakota Science and Technology Authority (SDSTA), Sanford Underground Research Facility, Lead, South Dakota 57754-1700, USA
| | - R Taylor
- Imperial College London, Physics Department, Blackett Laboratory, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - W C Taylor
- Brown University, Department of Physics, Providence, Rhode Island 02912-9037, USA
| | - D J Temples
- Northwestern University, Department of Physics & Astronomy, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3112, USA
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- Yale University, Department of Physics, New Haven, Connecticut 06511-8499, USA
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- Texas A&M University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, College Station, Texas 77843-4242, USA
| | - K J Thomas
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
| | - D R Tiedt
- University of Maryland, Department of Physics, College Park, Maryland 20742-4111, USA
- South Dakota Science and Technology Authority (SDSTA), Sanford Underground Research Facility, Lead, South Dakota 57754-1700, USA
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701-3901, USA
| | - M Timalsina
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701-3901, USA
| | - W H To
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025-7015, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4085 USA
| | - A Tomás
- Imperial College London, Physics Department, Blackett Laboratory, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Z Tong
- Imperial College London, Physics Department, Blackett Laboratory, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - D R Tovey
- University of Sheffield, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - J Tranter
- University of Sheffield, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - M Trask
- University of California, Santa Barbara, Department of Physics, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9530, USA
| | - M Tripathi
- University of California, Davis, Department of Physics, Davis, California 95616-5270, USA
| | - D R Tronstad
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701-3901, USA
| | - C E Tull
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
| | - W Turner
- University of Liverpool, Department of Physics, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - L Tvrznikova
- University of California, Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720-7300, USA
- Yale University, Department of Physics, New Haven, Connecticut 06511-8499, USA
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, California 94550-9698, USA
| | - U Utku
- University College London (UCL), Department of Physics and Astronomy, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - J Va'vra
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025-7015, USA
| | - A Vacheret
- Imperial College London, Physics Department, Blackett Laboratory, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - A C Vaitkus
- Brown University, Department of Physics, Providence, Rhode Island 02912-9037, USA
| | - J R Verbus
- Brown University, Department of Physics, Providence, Rhode Island 02912-9037, USA
| | - E Voirin
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510-5011, USA
| | - W L Waldron
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
| | - A Wang
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025-7015, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4085 USA
| | - B Wang
- University of Alabama, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 34587-0324, USA
| | - J J Wang
- University of Alabama, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 34587-0324, USA
| | - W Wang
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Physics, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1390, USA
- University of Massachusetts, Department of Physics, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003-9337, USA
| | - Y Wang
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
- University of California, Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720-7300, USA
| | - J R Watson
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
- University of California, Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720-7300, USA
| | - R C Webb
- Texas A&M University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, College Station, Texas 77843-4242, USA
| | - A White
- Brown University, Department of Physics, Providence, Rhode Island 02912-9037, USA
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- University of California, Santa Barbara, Department of Physics, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9530, USA
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- Texas A&M University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, College Station, Texas 77843-4242, USA
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- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025-7015, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4085 USA
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- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025-7015, USA
- University of California, Santa Barbara, Department of Physics, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9530, USA
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- University of Michigan, Randall Laboratory of Physics, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA
- Brandeis University, Department of Physics, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, USA
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- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025-7015, USA
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- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
- University of California, Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720-7300, USA
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- University of Rochester, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester, New York 14627-0171, USA
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- University of Rochester, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester, New York 14627-0171, USA
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- University of Liverpool, Department of Physics, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - D Woodward
- Pennsylvania State University, Department of Physics, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802-6300, USA
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- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Didcot, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
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- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
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- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA
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- Brown University, Department of Physics, Providence, Rhode Island 02912-9037, USA
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - Q Xiao
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Physics, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1390, USA
| | - J Xu
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, California 94550-9698, USA
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- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
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- University of Rochester, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester, New York 14627-0171, USA
| | - I Young
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510-5011, USA
| | - P Zarzhitsky
- University of Alabama, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 34587-0324, USA
| | - A Zuckerman
- Brown University, Department of Physics, Providence, Rhode Island 02912-9037, USA
| | - E A Zweig
- University of Califonia, Los Angeles, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Los Angeles, California 90095-1547
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Banerjee P, Mehta AR, Nirujogi RS, Cooper J, James OG, Nanda J, Longden J, Burr K, McDade K, Salzinger A, Paza E, Newton J, Story D, Pal S, Smith C, Alessi DR, Selvaraj BT, Priller J, Chandran S. Cell-autonomous immune dysfunction driven by disrupted autophagy in C9orf72-ALS iPSC-derived microglia contributes to neurodegeneration. Sci Adv 2023; 9:eabq0651. [PMID: 37083530 PMCID: PMC10121169 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq0651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Although microglial activation is widely found in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD), the underlying mechanism(s) are poorly understood. Here, using human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived microglia-like cells (hiPSC-MG) harboring the most common ALS/FTD mutation (C9orf72, mC9-MG), gene-corrected isogenic controls (isoC9-MG), and C9orf72 knockout hiPSC-MG (C9KO-MG), we show that reduced C9ORF72 protein is associated with impaired phagocytosis and an exaggerated immune response upon stimulation with lipopolysaccharide. Analysis of the C9ORF72 interactome revealed that C9ORF72 interacts with regulators of autophagy and functional studies showed impaired initiation of autophagy in mC9-MG and C9KO-MG. Coculture studies with motor neurons (MNs) demonstrated that the autophagy deficit in mC9-MG drives increased vulnerability of mC9-MNs to excitotoxic stimulus. Pharmacological activation of autophagy ameliorated both cell-autonomous functional deficits in hiPSC-MG and MN death in MG-MN coculture. Together, these findings reveal an important role for C9ORF72 in regulating immune homeostasis and identify dysregulation in myeloid cells as a contributor to neurodegeneration in ALS/FTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poulomi Banerjee
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University of Edinburgh, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh bioQuarter, Chancellor’s Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
- Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Arpan R. Mehta
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University of Edinburgh, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh bioQuarter, Chancellor’s Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
- Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
- Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Raja S. Nirujogi
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - James Cooper
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University of Edinburgh, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh bioQuarter, Chancellor’s Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
- Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Owen G. James
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University of Edinburgh, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh bioQuarter, Chancellor’s Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
- Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Jyoti Nanda
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University of Edinburgh, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh bioQuarter, Chancellor’s Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
- Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
| | - James Longden
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University of Edinburgh, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh bioQuarter, Chancellor’s Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Karen Burr
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University of Edinburgh, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh bioQuarter, Chancellor’s Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
- Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Karina McDade
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University of Edinburgh, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh bioQuarter, Chancellor’s Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
- Edinburgh Brain Bank, Academic Department of Neuropathology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Edinburgh Pathology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Andrea Salzinger
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University of Edinburgh, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh bioQuarter, Chancellor’s Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
- Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Evdokia Paza
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University of Edinburgh, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh bioQuarter, Chancellor’s Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Judith Newton
- Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
- Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
| | - David Story
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University of Edinburgh, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh bioQuarter, Chancellor’s Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
- Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Suvankar Pal
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
- Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
- Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Colin Smith
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
- Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
- Edinburgh Brain Bank, Academic Department of Neuropathology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Edinburgh Pathology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Dario R. Alessi
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Bhuvaneish T. Selvaraj
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University of Edinburgh, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh bioQuarter, Chancellor’s Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
- Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
- Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Josef Priller
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University of Edinburgh, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh bioQuarter, Chancellor’s Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
- Neuropsychiatry, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin and DZNE, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Siddharthan Chandran
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University of Edinburgh, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh bioQuarter, Chancellor’s Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
- Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
- Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
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10
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Leighton DJ, Ansari M, Newton J, Parry D, Cleary E, Colville S, Stephenson L, Larraz J, Johnson M, Beswick E, Wong M, Gregory J, Carod Artal J, Davenport R, Duncan C, Morrison I, Smith C, Swingler R, Deary IJ, Porteous M, Aitman TJ, Chandran S, Gorrie GH, Pal S. Genotype-phenotype characterisation of long survivors with motor neuron disease in Scotland. J Neurol 2023; 270:1702-1712. [PMID: 36515702 PMCID: PMC9971124 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-022-11505-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated the phenotypes and genotypes of a cohort of 'long-surviving' individuals with motor neuron disease (MND) to identify potential targets for prognostication. METHODS Patients were recruited via the Clinical Audit Research and Evaluation for MND (CARE-MND) platform, which hosts the Scottish MND Register. Long survival was defined as > 8 years from diagnosis. 11 phenotypic variables were analysed. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) was performed and variants within 49 MND-associated genes examined. Each individual was screened for C9orf72 repeat expansions. Data from ancestry-matched Scottish populations (the Lothian Birth Cohorts) were used as controls. RESULTS 58 long survivors were identified. Median survival from diagnosis was 15.5 years. Long survivors were significantly younger at onset and diagnosis than incident patients and had a significantly longer diagnostic delay. 42% had the MND subtype of primary lateral sclerosis (PLS). WGS was performed in 46 individuals: 14 (30.4%) had a potentially pathogenic variant. 4 carried the known SOD1 p.(Ile114Thr) variant. Significant variants in FIG4, hnRNPA2B1, SETX, SQSTM1, TAF15, and VAPB were detected. 2 individuals had a variant in the SPAST gene suggesting phenotypic overlap with hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP). No long survivors had pathogenic C9orf72 repeat expansions. CONCLUSIONS Long survivors are characterised by younger age at onset, increased prevalence of PLS and longer diagnostic delay. Genetic analysis in this cohort has improved our understanding of the phenotypes associated with the SOD1 variant p.(Ile114Thr). Our findings confirm that pathogenic expansion of C9orf72 is likely a poor prognostic marker. Genetic screening using targeted MND and/or HSP panels should be considered in those with long survival, or early-onset slowly progressive disease, to improve diagnostic accuracy and aid prognostication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle J Leighton
- School of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
- Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
- Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, UK.
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
- Institute of Neurological Sciences, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK.
| | - Morad Ansari
- South East Scotland Genetics Service, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Judith Newton
- Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David Parry
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Elaine Cleary
- South East Scotland Genetics Service, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Shuna Colville
- Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Laura Stephenson
- Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Juan Larraz
- Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Micheala Johnson
- Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Emily Beswick
- Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Michael Wong
- Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jenna Gregory
- Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | | | - Richard Davenport
- Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Callum Duncan
- Department of Neurology, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Ian Morrison
- Department of Neurology, NHS Tayside, Dundee, UK
| | - Colin Smith
- Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Robert Swingler
- Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ian J Deary
- Lothian Birth Cohorts Group, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mary Porteous
- South East Scotland Genetics Service, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Timothy J Aitman
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Siddharthan Chandran
- Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - George H Gorrie
- Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Institute of Neurological Sciences, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - Suvankar Pal
- Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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11
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Tam J, Centola J, Kurudzhu H, Watson N, MacKenzie J, Leitch M, Hughes T, Green A, Summers D, Barria M, Smith C, Pal S. Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease in the young (50 and below): 10-year review of United Kingdom surveillance. J Neurol 2023; 270:1036-1046. [PMID: 36334135 PMCID: PMC9886636 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-022-11467-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (sCJD) is the commonest human prion disease, with a median age of onset of 68 years. We characterise the clinical, investigation, and neuropathological features in young individuals with sCJD using data from UK national CJD surveillance. METHODS Referrals between 2011 and 2021 were examined, with definite (post-mortem confirmed) or probable sCJD cases included. Clinical features, MRI, EEG, CSF RT-QuIC, 14-3-3, PRNP sequencing and neuropathological findings were examined. We compared younger (≤ 50 years age of onset) with older individuals. Records of Non-sCJD referrals were also reviewed. RESULTS 46 (4%) young individuals were identified (age at onset 25-50) from 1178 cases. 15 (33%) were autopsy confirmed. Psychiatric disturbance (37% vs 22%, p = 0.02) and headache (11% vs 3%, p = 0.01) at presentation, and longer disease duration (by 1.45 months, 95% CI 0.43-2.79, logrank p = 0.007) were commoner. CSF RT-QuIC showed lower sensitivity (82% vs 93%, p = 0.02). There was no difference in sensitivity of MR brain or CSF 14-3-3. There were no significant co-pathologies in autopsy-confirmed cases. For non-sCJD referrals, 41 cases were of other CJD subtypes, and 7 non-prion diagnoses. CONCLUSIONS Young-onset sCJD is more likely to present with neuropsychiatric symptoms and headache, longer disease duration, and lower sensitivity of RT-QuIC. These findings may be driven by the underlying molecular subtypes. Our results guide the evaluation of younger individuals presenting with rapidly progressive cognitive, neuropsychiatric, and motor decline, and emphasise the need for additional vigilance for atypical features by clinicians and CJD surveillance programmes worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnny Tam
- National CJD Research & Surveillance Unit (NCJDRSU), Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Chancellor's Building, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - John Centola
- National CJD Research & Surveillance Unit (NCJDRSU), Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Chancellor's Building, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Hatice Kurudzhu
- National CJD Research & Surveillance Unit (NCJDRSU), Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Chancellor's Building, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Neil Watson
- National CJD Research & Surveillance Unit (NCJDRSU), Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Chancellor's Building, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Janet MacKenzie
- National CJD Research & Surveillance Unit (NCJDRSU), Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Chancellor's Building, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Margaret Leitch
- National CJD Research & Surveillance Unit (NCJDRSU), Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Chancellor's Building, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Terri Hughes
- National CJD Research & Surveillance Unit (NCJDRSU), Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Chancellor's Building, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Alison Green
- National CJD Research & Surveillance Unit (NCJDRSU), Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Chancellor's Building, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - David Summers
- National CJD Research & Surveillance Unit (NCJDRSU), Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Chancellor's Building, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Marcelo Barria
- National CJD Research & Surveillance Unit (NCJDRSU), Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Chancellor's Building, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Colin Smith
- National CJD Research & Surveillance Unit (NCJDRSU), Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Chancellor's Building, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Suvankar Pal
- National CJD Research & Surveillance Unit (NCJDRSU), Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Chancellor's Building, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK.
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12
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Wong C, Gregory JM, Liao J, Egan K, Vesterinen HM, Ahmad Khan A, Anwar M, Beagan C, Brown FS, Cafferkey J, Cardinali A, Chiam JY, Chiang C, Collins V, Dormido J, Elliott E, Foley P, Foo YC, Fulton-Humble L, Gane AB, Glasmacher SA, Heffernan Á, Jayaprakash K, Jayasuriya N, Kaddouri A, Kiernan J, Langlands G, Leighton D, Liu J, Lyon J, Mehta AR, Meng A, Nguyen V, Park NH, Quigley S, Rashid Y, Salzinger A, Shiell B, Singh A, Soane T, Thompson A, Tomala O, Waldron FM, Selvaraj BT, Chataway J, Swingler R, Connick P, Pal S, Chandran S, Macleod M. Systematic, comprehensive, evidence-based approach to identify neuroprotective interventions for motor neuron disease: using systematic reviews to inform expert consensus. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e064169. [PMID: 36725099 PMCID: PMC9896226 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-064169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Motor neuron disease (MND) is an incurable progressive neurodegenerative disease with limited treatment options. There is a pressing need for innovation in identifying therapies to take to clinical trial. Here, we detail a systematic and structured evidence-based approach to inform consensus decision making to select the first two drugs for evaluation in Motor Neuron Disease-Systematic Multi-arm Adaptive Randomised Trial (MND-SMART: NCT04302870), an adaptive platform trial. We aim to identify and prioritise candidate drugs which have the best available evidence for efficacy, acceptable safety profiles and are feasible for evaluation within the trial protocol. METHODS We conducted a two-stage systematic review to identify potential neuroprotective interventions. First, we reviewed clinical studies in MND, Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease and multiple sclerosis, identifying drugs described in at least one MND publication or publications in two or more other diseases. We scored and ranked drugs using a metric evaluating safety, efficacy, study size and study quality. In stage two, we reviewed efficacy of drugs in MND animal models, multicellular eukaryotic models and human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) studies. An expert panel reviewed candidate drugs over two shortlisting rounds and a final selection round, considering the systematic review findings, late breaking evidence, mechanistic plausibility, safety, tolerability and feasibility of evaluation in MND-SMART. RESULTS From the clinical review, we identified 595 interventions. 66 drugs met our drug/disease logic. Of these, 22 drugs with supportive clinical and preclinical evidence were shortlisted at round 1. Seven drugs proceeded to round 2. The panel reached a consensus to evaluate memantine and trazodone as the first two arms of MND-SMART. DISCUSSION For future drug selection, we will incorporate automation tools, text-mining and machine learning techniques to the systematic reviews and consider data generated from other domains, including high-throughput phenotypic screening of human iPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charis Wong
- Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit at UCL, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jenna M Gregory
- Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Jing Liao
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Kieren Egan
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Computer and Information Science, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Hanna M Vesterinen
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Aimal Ahmad Khan
- Edinburgh Medical School, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Maarij Anwar
- Edinburgh Medical School, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Caitlin Beagan
- Edinburgh Medical School, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Fraser S Brown
- Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - John Cafferkey
- Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Alessandra Cardinali
- Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jane Yi Chiam
- Edinburgh Medical School, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Claire Chiang
- Edinburgh Medical School, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Victoria Collins
- Edinburgh Medical School, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Elizabeth Elliott
- Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Peter Foley
- Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Yu Cheng Foo
- Edinburgh Medical School, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Angus B Gane
- College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Stella A Glasmacher
- Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Áine Heffernan
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Kiran Jayaprakash
- Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Nimesh Jayasuriya
- Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, UK
- College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Amina Kaddouri
- Edinburgh Medical School, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jamie Kiernan
- Edinburgh Medical School, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Gavin Langlands
- Institute of Neurological Sciences, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - D Leighton
- Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jiaming Liu
- Edinburgh Medical School, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - James Lyon
- Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Arpan R Mehta
- Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Alyssa Meng
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Vivienne Nguyen
- Edinburgh Medical School, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Na Hyun Park
- Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Suzanne Quigley
- Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Yousuf Rashid
- Edinburgh Medical School, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Andrea Salzinger
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Bethany Shiell
- College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ankur Singh
- College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Tim Soane
- Neurology Department, NHS Forth Valley, Stirling, UK
| | - Alexandra Thompson
- College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Olaf Tomala
- Edinburgh Medical School, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Fergal M Waldron
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Bhuvaneish T Selvaraj
- Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jeremy Chataway
- Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit at UCL, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology, University College London, London, UK
- Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- University College London Hospitals, Biomedical Research Centre, National Institute for Health Research, London, UK
| | - Robert Swingler
- Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Peter Connick
- Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Suvankar Pal
- Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Siddharthan Chandran
- Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Malcolm Macleod
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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13
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Parker RA, Weir CJ, Pham TM, White IR, Stallard N, Parmar MKB, Swingler RJ, Dakin RS, Pal S, Chandran S. Statistical analysis plan for the motor neuron disease systematic multi-arm adaptive randomised trial (MND-SMART). Trials 2023; 24:29. [PMID: 36647114 PMCID: PMC9843918 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-022-07007-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MND-SMART is a platform, multi-arm, multi-stage, multi-centre, randomised controlled trial recruiting people with motor neuron disease. Initially, the treatments memantine and trazodone will each be compared against placebo, but other investigational treatments will be introduced into the trial later. The co-primary outcomes are the Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale Revised (ALS-FRS-R) functional outcome, which is assessed longitudinally, and overall survival. METHODS Initially in MND-SMART, participants are randomised 1:1:1 via a minimisation algorithm to receive placebo or one of the two investigational treatments with up to 531 to be randomised in total. The comparisons between each research arm and placebo will be conducted in four stages, with the opportunity to cease further randomisations to poorly performing research arms at the end of stages 1 or 2. The final ALS-FRS-R analysis will be at the end of stage 3 and final survival analysis at the end of stage 4. The estimands for the co-primary outcomes are described in detail. The primary analysis of ALS-FRS-R at the end of stages 1 to 3 will involve fitting a normal linear mixed model to the data to calculate a mean difference in rate of ALS-FRS-R change between each research treatment and placebo. The pairwise type 1 error rate will be controlled, because each treatment comparison will generate its own distinct and separate interpretation. This publication is based on a formal statistical analysis plan document that was finalised and signed on 18 May 2022. DISCUSSION In developing the statistical analysis plan, we had to carefully consider several issues such as multiple testing, estimand specification, interim analyses, and statistical analysis of the repeated measurements of ALS-FRS-R. This analysis plan attempts to balance multiple factors, including minimisation of bias, maximising power and precision, and deriving clinically interpretable summaries of treatment effects. TRIAL REGISTRATION EudraCT Number, 2019-000099-41. Registered 2 October 2019, https://www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu/ctr-search/search?query=mnd-smart ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04302870 . Registered 10 March 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A Parker
- Edinburgh Clinical Trials Unit, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Christopher J Weir
- Edinburgh Clinical Trials Unit, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Tra My Pham
- Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit at UCL, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ian R White
- Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit at UCL, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Nigel Stallard
- Statistics and Epidemiology, Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Mahesh K B Parmar
- Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit at UCL, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Robert J Swingler
- Euan Macdonald Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Rachel S Dakin
- Euan Macdonald Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
- Centre of Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
- Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Suvankar Pal
- Euan Macdonald Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
- Centre of Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
- Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Siddharthan Chandran
- Euan Macdonald Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
- Centre of Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
- Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute Edinburgh, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
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Beswick E, Fawcett T, Hassan Z, Forbes D, Dakin R, Newton J, Abrahams S, Carson A, Chandran S, Perry D, Pal S. A systematic review of digital technology to evaluate motor function and disease progression in motor neuron disease. J Neurol 2022; 269:6254-6268. [PMID: 35945397 PMCID: PMC9363141 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-022-11312-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the most common subtype of motor neuron disease (MND). The current gold-standard measure of progression is the ALS Functional Rating Scale-Revised (ALS-FRS(R)), a clinician-administered questionnaire providing a composite score on physical functioning. Technology offers a potential alternative for assessing motor progression in both a clinical and research capacity that is more sensitive to detecting smaller changes in function. We reviewed studies evaluating the utility and suitability of these devices to evaluate motor function and disease progression in people with MND (pwMND). We systematically searched Google Scholar, PubMed and EMBASE applying no language or date restrictions. We extracted information on devices used and additional assessments undertaken. Twenty studies, involving 1275 (median 28 and ranging 6-584) pwMND, were included. Sensor type included accelerometers (n = 9), activity monitors (n = 4), smartphone apps (n = 4), gait (n = 3), kinetic sensors (n = 3), electrical impedance myography (n = 1) and dynamometers (n = 2). Seventeen (85%) of studies used the ALS-FRS(R) to evaluate concurrent validity. Participant feedback on device utility was generally positive, where evaluated in 25% of studies. All studies showed initial feasibility, warranting larger longitudinal studies to compare device sensitivity and validity beyond ALS-FRS(R). Risk of bias in the included studies was high, with a large amount of information to determine study quality unclear. Measurement of motor pathology and progression using technology is an emerging, and promising, area of MND research. Further well-powered longitudinal validation studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Beswick
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK.,Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, The University of Edinburgh, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, Scotland, UK.,Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Thomas Fawcett
- The School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Zack Hassan
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK.,Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, The University of Edinburgh, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, Scotland, UK.,Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Deborah Forbes
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK.,Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, The University of Edinburgh, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, Scotland, UK.,Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Rachel Dakin
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK.,Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, The University of Edinburgh, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, Scotland, UK.,Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Judith Newton
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK.,Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, The University of Edinburgh, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, Scotland, UK.,Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Sharon Abrahams
- Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK.,Human Cognitive Neurosciences, Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Alan Carson
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Siddharthan Chandran
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK.,Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, The University of Edinburgh, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, Scotland, UK.,Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK.,UK Dementia Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - David Perry
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK.,Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, The University of Edinburgh, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, Scotland, UK
| | - Suvankar Pal
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK. .,Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, The University of Edinburgh, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, Scotland, UK. .,Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK.
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15
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Hogg R, Centola J, Durley K, Chin CA, Quibell R, Spriggs H, Carey M, Bajorek T, Miller M, Bradley V, Pal S. Prion disease: clinical pathway development for the terminally ill. BMJ Support Palliat Care 2022:spcare-2022-003877. [PMID: 36241387 DOI: 10.1136/spcare-2022-003877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roseanagh Hogg
- Palliative Medicine, Health Education Thames Valley - HETV, Oxford, UK
- Palliative Medicine, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - John Centola
- Neurology, National CJD Research and Surveillance Unit, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Kirsty Durley
- Palliative Medicine, Health Education Thames Valley - HETV, Oxford, UK
| | - Chloe Antoinette Chin
- Palliative Medicine, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rachel Quibell
- Palliative Medicine, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Helena Spriggs
- Health Education North East, Newcastle upon Tyne, England, UK
| | - Matthew Carey
- Palliative Medicine, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
- Palliative Medicine, Sir Michael Sobell House Hospice, Oxford, UK
| | - Tomasz Bajorek
- Psychological Medicine, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Mary Miller
- Palliative Medicine, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Victoria Bradley
- Palliative Medicine, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Suvankar Pal
- Neurology, National CJD Research and Surveillance Unit, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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16
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Roy S, Pal S, Manoj A, Kakarla S, Padilla JV, Alajmi M. A Fokker-Planck Framework for Parameter Estimation and Sensitivity Analysis in Colon Cancer. AIP Conf Proc 2022; 2522:070005. [PMID: 36276480 PMCID: PMC9583768 DOI: 10.1063/5.0100741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A new stochastic framework for parameter estimation and uncertainty quantification in colon cancer-induced immune response is presented. The dynamics of colon cancer is given by a stochastic process that captures the inherent randomness in the system. The stochastic framework is based on the Fokker-Planck equation that represents the evolution of the probability density function corresponding to the stochastic process. An optimization problem is formulated that takes input individual patient data with randomness present, and is solved to obtain the unknown parameters corresponding to the individual tumor characteristics. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis of the optimal parameter set is performed to determine the parameters that need to be controlled, thus, providing information of the type of drugs that can be used for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Roy
- Department of Mathematics, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019-0408, USA
| | - S. Pal
- Department of Mathematics, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019-0408, USA
| | - A. Manoj
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019-0408, USA
| | - S. Kakarla
- Department of Computer Science, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019-0408, USA
| | - J. V. Padilla
- Department of Mathematics, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019-0408, USA
| | - M. Alajmi
- Department of Mathematics, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019-0408, USA
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Christides A, Symonds A, Johnson M, Beswick E, Newton J, Chandran S, Pal S, Consortium CAREMND. 172 Impact of age on interventions and survival in people with motor neuron disease in Scotland. J Neurol Psychiatry 2022. [DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2022-abn2.216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
IntroductionMotor neuron disease (MND) is rapidly progressive and largely fatal. The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidelines (2016) outline best practice for symptomatic interventions including riluzole, gastrostomy, and non-invasive ventilation (NIV). We aimed to investigate the impact of age on interventions and survival in MND using data from the Scottish MND register (CARE-MND), hypothesising these factors may be impacted by increasing age.MethodsWe interrogated the CARE-MND database for incident cases in Scotland diagnosed between 01-Jan-2015 to 31-Dec-2020. Survival was compared in different age cohorts using Kaplan-Meier curves and log-rank test. Management was compared in different age cohorts using Chi-squared test.Results828 individuals were included (median age at diagnosis 68.7 years (interquartile range 61.4-76.1)). We investigated age cohorts of <40, 40-60, 60-80, and >80 years. Median survival from diagnosis in each cohort was 24 months, 18 months, 11 months, and 4.5 months respectively (p<0.001). Riluzole, NIV and gastrostomy were implemented least in the oldest group (p<0.05).ConclusionsOur data supports reduced survival of MND with increasing age, together with lower rates of riluzole prescribing, NIV use, and gastrostomy insertion, and offer insights into how care may be optimised in line with national guidelines.
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18
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Watson N, Kirby J, Kurudzhu H, Leitch M, MacKenzie J, Smith-Bathgate B, Smith C, Summers D, Green A, Pal S. 048 Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease surveillance and patient care in the UK. J Neurol Psychiatry 2022. [DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2022-abn2.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundCreutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is lethal and transmissible. We assessed the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on UK CJD surveillance. We hypothesised: i) disruptions prolonged diagnostic latency, ii) autopsy rates declined, and iii) COVID-19 infection negatively affected diagnosis, care and survival.MethodsWe retrospectively investigated the first year of the pandemic, using the preceding year as a comparator, quantifying numbers of individuals assessed by the UK National CJD Research & Surveillance Unit (NCJDRSU) for suspected CJD, time-to-diagnosis, disease duration and autopsy rates. We evaluated the impact of COVID-19 status on diagnosis, care and survival in CJD.Results148 individuals were diagnosed with CJD in the pandemic (from a total of 166 individuals assessed) compared to 141 in the comparator (from 145 assessed). No differences were identified in disease duration or time-to-diagnosis. Autopsy rates were unchanged. 20 individuals had COVID-19; 60% were symptomatic and 10% had severe disease. Disruptions to diagnosis and care were frequently identified. 40% of COVID-19 positive individuals died, however COVID-19 status did not significantly alter survival duration in CJD.ConclusionsThe COVID-19 pandemic has not impacted UK CJD case ascertainment or survival but diagnostic evaluation and clinical care of individuals have been affected.
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19
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Watson N, Hermann P, Ladogana A, Green A, Summers D, Pocchiari M, Zerr I, Brandel JP, Pal S. 047 Clinicopathological characteristics impacting on survival in sporadic CJD: insights from an international autopsy-confirmed series. J Neurol Psychiatry 2022. [DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2022-abn2.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
IntroductionSporadic CJD (sCJD) is universally fatal. While median survival is 5 months, there is consider- able heterogeneity with some surviving weeks while others survive several months or years. We sought to evaluate characteristics influencing disease duration, and the performance of latest diagnostic criteria incorporating cortical ribboning on MRI brain and the RT-QuIC assay.Methods501 autopsy-confirmed cases from surveillance centres in the UK, France, Germany and Italy were stratified into short (<75 days), typical (75-222 days) and long (>222 days) survival groups. We evaluated clinical features, investigation results, and diagnostic criteria classification.ResultsShort survival was associated with male sex (p=0.02) and older age (p=0.004). Prion protein gene codon 129 polymorphism status greatly influenced duration (p=<0.001, with longest survival in methionine- valine heterozygotes). Extrapyramidal features were most frequent in long survivors (p=0.04). EEG and 14-3-3 were most sensitive with short survival (p<0.001), RT-QuIC with typical survival (p=0.03) and MRI sen- sitivity did not vary (p=0.4). Previous diagnostic criteria lacked sensitivity in long survivors (p=0.001) while updated criteria were equivalent between groups (p=0.19): sensitivity for long survivors increased 27.7%.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates important factors influencing survival and associated phenotypes. The latest diagnostic criteria for sCJD have significantly enhanced diagnosis in long survivors.
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20
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Mehta AR, Pal S, Chataway J, Carpenter JR, Parmar MKB, Chandran S. Smarter adaptive platform clinical trials in neurology: a showcase for UK innovation. Brain 2022; 145:e64-e65. [PMID: 35535817 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Arpan R Mehta
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK.,Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,ACORD at MRC Clinical Trials Unit, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Suvankar Pal
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,ACORD at MRC Clinical Trials Unit, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jeremy Chataway
- ACORD at MRC Clinical Trials Unit, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology, University College London, London, UK.,Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK.,National Institute for Health Research, University College London Hospitals, Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - James R Carpenter
- ACORD at MRC Clinical Trials Unit, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology, University College London, London, UK.,Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Mahesh K B Parmar
- ACORD at MRC Clinical Trials Unit, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Siddharthan Chandran
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,ACORD at MRC Clinical Trials Unit, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology, University College London, London, UK.,UK Dementia Research Institute at University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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21
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Ali B, Arnquist I, Baxter D, Behnke E, Bressler M, Broerman B, Chen C, Clark K, Collar J, Cooper P, Cripe C, Crisler M, Dahl C, Das M, Durnford D, Fallows S, Farine J, Filgas R, García-Viltres A, Giroux G, Harris O, Hillier T, Hoppe E, Jackson C, Jin M, Krauss C, Kumar V, Laurin M, Lawson I, Leblanc A, Leng H, Levine I, Licciardi C, Linden S, Mitra P, Monette V, Moore C, Neilson R, Noble A, Nozard H, Pal S, Piro MC, Plante A, Priya S, Rethmeier C, Robinson A, Savoie J, Sonnenschein A, Starinski N, Štekl I, Tiwari D, Vázquez-Jáuregui E, Wichoski U, Zacek V, Zhang J. Results on photon-mediated dark-matter–nucleus interactions from the PICO-60
C3F8
bubble chamber. Int J Clin Exp Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.106.042004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Abbott R, Abe H, Acernese F, Ackley K, Adhikari N, Adhikari R, Adkins V, Adya V, Affeldt C, Agarwal D, Agathos M, Agatsuma K, Aggarwal N, Aguiar O, Aiello L, Ain A, Ajith P, Akutsu T, Albanesi S, Alfaidi R, Allocca A, Altin P, Amato A, Anand C, Anand S, Ananyeva A, Anderson S, Anderson W, Ando M, Andrade T, Andres N, Andrés-Carcasona M, Andrić T, Angelova S, Ansoldi S, Antelis J, Antier S, Apostolatos T, Appavuravther E, Appert S, Apple S, Arai K, Araya A, Araya M, Areeda J, Arène M, Aritomi N, Arnaud N, Arogeti M, Aronson S, Arun K, Asada H, Asali Y, Ashton G, Aso Y, Assiduo M, Melo SADS, Aston S, Astone P, Aubin F, AultONeal K, Austin C, Babak S, Badaracco F, Bader M, Badger C, Bae S, Bae Y, Baer A, Bagnasco S, Bai Y, Baird J, Bajpai R, Baka T, Ball M, Ballardin G, Ballmer S, Balsamo A, Baltus G, Banagiri S, Banerjee B, Bankar D, Barayoga J, Barbieri C, Barish B, Barker D, Barneo P, Barone F, Barr B, Barsotti L, Barsuglia M, Barta D, Bartlett J, Barton M, Bartos I, Basak S, Bassiri R, Basti A, Bawaj M, Bayley J, Mills J, Milotti E, Minenkov Y, Mio N, Mir L, Miravet-Tenés M, Mishkin A, Mishra C, Mishra T, Mistry T, Bazzan M, Mitra S, Mitrofanov V, Mitselmakher G, Mittleman R, Miyakawa O, Miyo K, Miyoki S, Mo G, Modafferi L, Moguel E, Becher B, Mogushi K, Mohapatra S, Mohite S, Molina I, Molina-Ruiz M, Mondin M, Montani M, Moore C, Moragues J, Moraru D, Bécsy B, Morawski F, More A, Moreno C, Moreno G, Mori Y, Morisaki S, Morisue N, Moriwaki Y, Mours B, Mow-Lowry C, Bedakihale V, Mozzon S, Muciaccia F, Mukherjee A, Mukherjee D, Mukherjee S, Mukherjee S, Mukherjee S, Mukund N, Mullavey A, Munch J, Beirnaert F, Muñiz E, Murray P, Musenich R, Muusse S, Nadji S, Nagano K, Nagar A, Nakamura K, Nakano H, Nakano M, Bejger M, Nakayama Y, Napolano V, Nardecchia I, Narikawa T, Narola H, Naticchioni L, Nayak B, Nayak R, Neil B, Neilson J, Belahcene I, Nelson A, Nelson T, Nery M, Neubauer P, Neunzert A, Ng K, Ng S, Nguyen C, Nguyen P, Nguyen T, Benedetto V, Quynh LN, Ni J, Ni WT, Nichols S, Nishimoto T, Nishizawa A, Nissanke S, Nitoglia E, Nocera F, Norman M, Beniwal D, North C, Nozaki S, Nurbek G, Nuttall L, Obayashi Y, Oberling J, O’Brien B, O’Dell J, Oelker E, Ogaki W, Benjamin M, Oganesyan G, Oh J, Oh K, Oh S, Ohashi M, Ohashi T, Ohkawa M, Ohme F, Ohta H, Okada M, Bennett T, Okutani Y, Olivetto C, Oohara K, Oram R, O’Reilly B, Ormiston R, Ormsby N, O’Shaughnessy R, O’Shea E, Oshino S, Bentley J, Ossokine S, Osthelder C, Otabe S, Ottaway D, Overmier H, Pace A, Pagano G, Pagano R, Page M, Pagliaroli G, BenYaala M, Pai A, Pai S, Pal S, Palamos J, Palashov O, Palomba C, Pan H, Pan KC, Panda P, Pang P, Bera S, Pankow C, Pannarale F, Pant B, Panther F, Paoletti F, Paoli A, Paolone A, Pappas G, Parisi A, Park H, Berbel M, Park J, Parker W, Pascucci D, Pasqualetti A, Passaquieti R, Passuello D, Patel M, Pathak M, Patricelli B, Patron A, Bergamin F, Paul S, Payne E, Pedraza M, Pedurand R, Pegoraro M, Pele A, Arellano FP, Penano S, Penn S, Perego A, Berger B, Pereira A, Pereira T, Perez C, Périgois C, Perkins C, Perreca A, Perriès S, Pesios D, Petermann J, Petterson D, Bernuzzi S, Pfeiffer H, Pham H, Pham K, Phukon K, Phurailatpam H, Piccinni O, Pichot M, Piendibene M, Piergiovanni F, Pierini L, Bersanetti D, Pierro V, Pillant G, Pillas M, Pilo F, Pinard L, Pineda-Bosque C, Pinto I, Pinto M, Piotrzkowski B, Piotrzkowski K, Bertolini A, Pirello M, Pitkin M, Placidi A, Placidi E, Planas M, Plastino W, Pluchar C, Poggiani R, Polini E, Pong D, Betzwieser J, Ponrathnam S, Porter E, Poulton R, Poverman A, Powell J, Pracchia M, Pradier T, Prajapati A, Prasai K, Prasanna R, Beveridge D, Pratten G, Principe M, Prodi G, Prokhorov L, Prosposito P, Prudenzi L, Puecher A, Punturo M, Puosi F, Puppo P, Bhandare R, Pürrer M, Qi H, Quartey N, Quetschke V, Quinonez P, Quitzow-James R, Raab F, Raaijmakers G, Radkins H, Radulesco N, Bhandari A, Raffai P, Rail S, Raja S, Rajan C, Ramirez K, Ramirez T, Ramos-Buades A, Rana J, Rapagnani P, Ray A, Bhardwaj U, Raymond V, Raza N, Razzano M, Read J, Rees L, Regimbau T, Rei L, Reid S, Reid S, Reitze D, Bhatt R, Relton P, Renzini A, Rettegno P, Revenu B, Reza A, Rezac M, Ricci F, Richards D, Richardson J, Richardson L, Bhattacharjee D, Riemenschneider G, Riles K, Rinaldi S, Rink K, Robertson N, Robie R, Robinet F, Rocchi A, Rodriguez S, Rolland L, Bhaumik S, Rollins J, Romanelli M, Romano R, Romel C, Romero A, Romero-Shaw I, Romie J, Ronchini S, Rosa L, Rose C, Bianchi A, Rosińska D, Ross M, Rowan S, Rowlinson S, Roy S, Roy S, Rozza D, Ruggi P, Ruiz-Rocha K, Ryan K, Bilenko I, Sachdev S, Sadecki T, Sadiq J, Saha S, Saito Y, Sakai K, Sakellariadou M, Sakon S, Salafia O, Salces-Carcoba F, Billingsley G, Salconi L, Saleem M, Salemi F, Samajdar A, Sanchez E, Sanchez J, Sanchez L, Sanchis-Gual N, Sanders J, Sanuy A, Bini S, Saravanan T, Sarin N, Sassolas B, Satari H, Sauter O, Savage R, Savant V, Sawada T, Sawant H, Sayah S, Birney R, Schaetzl D, Scheel M, Scheuer J, Schiworski M, Schmidt P, Schmidt S, Schnabel R, Schneewind M, Schofield R, Schönbeck A, Birnholtz O, Schulte B, Schutz B, Schwartz E, Scott J, Scott S, Seglar-Arroyo M, Sekiguchi Y, Sellers D, Sengupta A, Sentenac D, Biscans S, Seo E, Sequino V, Sergeev A, Setyawati Y, Shaffer T, Shahriar M, Shaikh M, Shams B, Shao L, Sharma A, Bischi M, Sharma P, Shawhan P, Shcheblanov N, Sheela A, Shikano Y, Shikauchi M, Shimizu H, Shimode K, Shinkai H, Shishido T, Biscoveanu S, Shoda A, Shoemaker D, Shoemaker D, ShyamSundar S, Sieniawska M, Sigg D, Silenzi L, Singer L, Singh D, Singh M, Bisht A, Singh N, Singha A, Sintes A, Sipala V, Skliris V, Slagmolen B, Slaven-Blair T, Smetana J, Smith J, Smith L, Biswas B, Smith R, Soldateschi J, Somala S, Somiya K, Song I, Soni K, Soni S, Sordini V, Sorrentino F, Sorrentino N, Bitossi M, Soulard R, Souradeep T, Sowell E, Spagnuolo V, Spencer A, Spera M, Spinicelli P, Srivastava A, Srivastava V, Staats K, Bizouard MA, Stachie C, Stachurski F, Steer D, Steinlechner J, Steinlechner S, Stergioulas N, Stops D, Stover M, Strain K, Strang L, Blackburn J, Stratta G, Strong M, Strunk A, Sturani R, Stuver A, Suchenek M, Sudhagar S, Sudhir V, Sugimoto R, Suh H, Blair C, Sullivan A, Summerscales T, Sun L, Sunil S, Sur A, Suresh J, Sutton P, Suzuki T, Suzuki T, Suzuki T, Blair D, Swinkels B, Szczepańczyk M, Szewczyk P, Tacca M, Tagoshi H, Tait S, Takahashi H, Takahashi R, Takano S, Takeda H, Blair R, Takeda M, Talbot C, Talbot C, Tanaka K, Tanaka T, Tanaka T, Tanasijczuk A, Tanioka S, Tanner D, Tao D, Bobba F, Tao L, Tapia R, Martín ETS, Taranto C, Taruya A, Tasson J, Tenorio R, Terhune J, Terkowski L, Thirugnanasambandam M, Bode N, Thomas M, Thomas P, Thompson E, Thompson J, Thondapu S, Thorne K, Thrane E, Tiwari S, Tiwari S, Tiwari V, Boër M, Toivonen A, Tolley A, Tomaru T, Tomura T, Tonelli M, Tornasi Z, Torres-Forné A, Torrie C, e Melo IT, Töyrä D, Bogaert G, Trapananti A, Travasso F, Traylor G, Trevor M, Tringali M, Tripathee A, Troiano L, Trovato A, Trozzo L, Trudeau R, 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Washimi T, Washington N, Watchi J, Weaver B, Weaving C, Webster S, Weinert M, Weinstein A, Boschi V, Weiss R, Weller C, Weller R, Wellmann F, Wen L, Weßels P, Wette K, Whelan J, White D, Whiting B, Bose N, Whittle C, Wilken D, Williams D, Williams M, Williamson A, Willis J, Willke B, Wilson D, Wipf C, Wlodarczyk T, Bose S, Woan G, Woehler J, Wofford J, Wong D, Wong I, Wright M, Wu C, Wu D, Wu H, Wysocki D, Bossilkov V, Xiao L, Yamada T, Yamamoto H, Yamamoto K, Yamamoto T, Yamashita K, Yamazaki R, Yang F, Yang K, Yang L, Boudart V, Yang YC, Yang Y, Yang Y, Yap M, Yeeles D, Yeh SW, Yelikar A, Ying M, Yokoyama J, Yokozawa T, Bouffanais Y, Yoo J, Yoshioka T, Yu H, Yu H, Yuzurihara H, Zadrożny A, Zanolin M, Zeidler S, Zelenova T, Zendri JP, Bozzi A, Zevin M, Zhan M, Zhang H, Zhang J, Zhang L, Zhang R, Zhang T, Zhang Y, Zhao C, Zhao G, Bradaschia C, Zhao Y, Zhao Y, Zhou R, Zhou Z, Zhu X, Zhu ZH, Zucker M, Zweizig J, Brady P, Bramley A, Branch A, Branchesi M, Brau J, Breschi M, Briant T, Briggs J, Brillet A, Brinkmann M, Brockill P, Brooks A, Brooks J, Brown D, Brunett S, Bruno G, Bruntz R, Bryant J, Bucci F, Bulik T, Bulten H, Buonanno A, Burtnyk K, Buscicchio R, Buskulic D, Buy C, Byer R, Davies GC, Cabras G, Cabrita R, Cadonati L, Caesar M, Cagnoli G, Cahillane C, Bustillo JC, Callaghan J, Callister T, Calloni E, Cameron J, Camp J, Canepa M, Canevarolo S, Cannavacciuolo M, Cannon K, Cao H, Cao Z, Capocasa E, Capote E, Carapella G, Carbognani F, Carlassara M, Carlin J, Carney M, Carpinelli M, Carrillo G, Carullo G, Carver T, Diaz JC, Casentini C, Castaldi G, Caudill S, Cavaglià M, Cavalier F, Cavalieri R, Cella G, Cerdá-Durán P, Cesarini E, Chaibi W, Subrahmanya SC, Champion E, Chan CH, Chan C, Chan C, Chan K, Chan M, Chandra K, Chang I, Chanial P, Chao S, Chapman-Bird C, Charlton P, Chase E, Chassande-Mottin E, Chatterjee C, Chatterjee D, Chatterjee D, Chaturvedi M, Chaty S, Chen C, Chen D, Chen H, Chen J, Chen K, Chen X, Chen YB, Chen YR, Chen Z, Cheng H, Cheong C, Cheung H, Chia H, Chiadini F, Chiang CY, Chiarini G, Chierici R, Chincarini A, Chiofalo M, Chiummo A, Choudhary R, Choudhary S, Christensen N, Chu Q, Chu YK, Chua S, Chung K, Ciani G, Ciecielag P, Cieślar M, Cifaldi M, Ciobanu A, Ciolfi R, Cipriano F, Clara F, Clark J, Clearwater P, Clesse S, Cleva F, Coccia E, Codazzo E, Cohadon PF, Cohen D, Colleoni M, Collette C, Colombo A, Colpi M, Compton C, Constancio M, Conti L, Cooper S, Corban P, Corbitt T, Cordero-Carrión I, Corezzi S, Corley K, Cornish N, Corre D, Corsi A, Cortese S, Costa C, Cotesta R, Cottingham R, Coughlin M, Coulon JP, Countryman S, Cousins B, Couvares P, Coward D, Cowart M, Coyne D, Coyne R, Creighton J, Creighton T, Criswell A, Croquette M, Crowder S, Cudell J, Cullen T, Cumming A, Cummings R, Cunningham L, Cuoco E, Curyło M, Dabadie P, Canton TD, Dall’Osso S, Dálya G, Dana A, D’Angelo B, Danilishin S, D’Antonio S, Danzmann K, Darsow-Fromm C, Dasgupta A, Datrier L, Datta S, Datta S, Dattilo V, Dave I, Davier M, Davis D, Davis M, Daw E, Dean R, DeBra D, Deenadayalan M, Degallaix J, De Laurentis M, Deléglise S, Del Favero V, De Lillo F, De Lillo N, Dell’Aquila D, Del Pozzo W, DeMarchi L, De Matteis F, D’Emilio V, Demos N, Dent T, Depasse A, De Pietri R, De Rosa R, De Rossi C, DeSalvo R, De Simone R, Dhurandhar S, Díaz M, Didio N, Dietrich T, Di Fiore L, Di Fronzo C, Di Giorgio C, Di Giovanni F, Di Giovanni M, Di Girolamo T, Di Lieto A, Di Michele A, Ding B, Di Pace S, Di Palma I, Di Renzo F, Divakarla A, Dmitriev A, Doctor Z, Donahue L, D’Onofrio L, Donovan F, Dooley K, Doravari S, Drago M, Driggers J, Drori Y, Ducoin JG, Dupej P, Dupletsa U, Durante O, D’Urso D, Duverne PA, Dwyer S, Eassa C, Easter P, Ebersold M, Eckhardt T, Eddolls G, Edelman B, Edo T, Edy O, Effler A, Eguchi S, Eichholz J, Eikenberry S, Eisenmann M, Eisenstein R, Ejlli A, Engelby E, Enomoto Y, Errico L, Essick R, Estellés H, Estevez D, Etienne Z, Etzel T, Evans M, Evans T, Evstafyeva T, Ewing B, Fabrizi F, Faedi F, Fafone V, Fair H, Fairhurst S, Fan P, Farah A, Farinon S, Farr B, Farr W, Fauchon-Jones E, Favaro G, Favata M, Fays M, Fazio M, Feicht J, Fejer M, Fenyvesi E, Ferguson D, Fernandez-Galiana A, Ferrante I, Ferreira T, Fidecaro F, Figura P, Fiori A, Fiori I, Fishbach M, Fisher R, Fittipaldi R, Fiumara V, Flaminio R, Floden E, Fong H, Font J, Fornal B, Forsyth P, Franke A, Frasca S, Frasconi F, Freed J, Frei Z, Freise A, Freitas O, Frey R, Fritschel P, Frolov V, Fronzé G, Fujii Y, Fujikawa Y, Fujimoto Y, Fulda P, Fyffe M, Gabbard H, Gabella W, Gadre B, Gair J, Gais J, Galaudage S, Gamba R, Ganapathy D, Ganguly A, Gao D, Gaonkar S, Garaventa B, Núñez CG, García-Quirós C, Garufi F, Gateley B, Gayathri V, Ge GG, Gemme G, Gennai A, George J, Gerberding O, Gergely L, Gewecke P, Ghonge S, Ghosh A, Ghosh A, Ghosh S, Ghosh S, Ghosh T, Giacomazzo B, Giacoppo L, Giaime J, Giardina K, Gibson D, Gier C, Giesler M, Giri P, Gissi F, Gkaitatzis S, Glanzer J, Gleckl A, Godwin P, Goetz E, Goetz R, Gohlke N, Golomb J, Goncharov B, González G, Gosselin M, Gouaty R, Gould D, Goyal S, Grace B, Grado A, Graham V, Granata M, Granata V, Grant A, Gras S, Grassia P, Gray C, Gray R, Greco G, Green A, Green R, Gretarsson A, Gretarsson E, Griffith D, Griffiths W, Griggs H, Grignani G, Grimaldi A, Grimes E, Grimm S, Grote H, Grunewald S, Gruning P, Gruson A, Guerra D, Guidi G, Guimaraes A, Guixé G, Gulati H, Gunny A, Guo HK, Guo Y, Gupta A, Gupta A, Gupta I, Gupta P, Gupta S, Gustafson R, Guzman F, Ha S, Hadiputrawan I, Haegel L, Haino S, Halim O, Hall E, Hamilton E, Hammond G, Han WB, Haney M, Hanks J, Hanna C, Hannam M, Hannuksela O, Hansen H, Hansen T, Hanson J, Harder T, Haris K, Harms J, Harry G, Harry I, Hartwig D, Hasegawa K, Haskell B, Haster CJ, Hathaway J, Hattori K, Haughian K, Hayakawa H, Hayama K, Hayes F, Healy J, Heidmann A, Heidt A, Heintze M, Heinze J, Heinzel J, Heitmann H, Hellman F, Hello P, Helmling-Cornell A, Hemming G, Hendry M, Heng I, Hennes E, Hennig J, Hennig M, Henshaw C, Hernandez A, Vivanco FH, Heurs M, Hewitt A, Higginbotham S, Hild S, Hill P, Himemoto Y, Hines A, Hirata N, Hirose C, Ho TC, Hochheim S, Hofman D, Hohmann J, Holcomb D, Holland N, Hollows I, Holmes Z, Holt K, Holz D, Hong Q, Hough J, Hourihane S, Howell E, Hoy C, Hoyland D, Hreibi A, Hsieh BH, Hsieh HF, Hsiung C, Hsu Y, Huang HY, Huang P, Huang YC, Huang YJ, Huang Y, Huang Y, Hübner M, Huddart A, Hughey B, Hui D, Hui V, Husa S, Huttner S, Huxford R, Huynh-Dinh T, Ide S, Idzkowski B, Iess A, Inayoshi K, Inoue Y, Iosif P, Isi M, Isleif K, Ito K, Itoh Y, Iyer B, JaberianHamedan V, Jacqmin T, Jacquet PE, Jadhav S, Jadhav S, Jain T, James A, Jan A, Jani K, Janquart J, Janssens K, Janthalur N, Jaranowski P, Jariwala D, Jaume R, Jenkins A, Jenner K, Jeon C, Jia W, Jiang J, Jin HB, Johns G, Johnston R, Jones A, Jones D, Jones P, Jones R, Joshi P, Ju L, Jue A, Jung P, Jung K, Junker J, Juste V, Kaihotsu K, Kajita T, Kakizaki M, Kalaghatgi C, Kalogera V, Kamai B, Kamiizumi M, Kanda N, Kandhasamy S, Kang G, Kanner J, Kao Y, Kapadia S, Kapasi D, Karathanasis C, Karki S, Kashyap R, Kasprzack M, Kastaun W, Kato T, Katsanevas S, Katsavounidis E, Katzman W, Kaur T, Kawabe K, Kawaguchi K, Kéfélian F, Keitel D, Key J, Khadka S, Khalili F, Khan S, Khanam T, Khazanov E, Khetan N, Khursheed M, Kijbunchoo N, Kim A, Kim C, Kim J, Kim J, Kim K, Kim W, Kim YM, Kimball C, Kimura N, Kinley-Hanlon M, Kirchhoff R, Kissel J, Klimenko S, Klinger T, Knee A, Knowles T, Knust N, Knyazev E, Kobayashi Y, Koch P, Koekoek G, Kohri K, Kokeyama K, Koley S, Kolitsidou P, Kolstein M, Komori K, Kondrashov V, Kong A, Kontos A, Koper N, Korobko M, Kovalam M, Koyama N, Kozak D, Kozakai C, Kringel V, Krishnendu N, Królak A, Kuehn G, Kuei F, Kuijer P, Kulkarni S, Kumar A, Kumar P, Kumar R, Kumar R, Kume J, Kuns K, Kuromiya Y, Kuroyanagi S, Kwak K, Lacaille G, Lagabbe P, Laghi D, Lalande E, Lalleman M, Lam T, Lamberts A, Landry M, Lane B, Lang R, Lange J, Lantz B, La Rosa I, Lartaux-Vollard A, Lasky P, Laxen M, Lazzarini A, Lazzaro C, Leaci P, Leavey S, LeBohec S, Lecoeuche Y, Lee E, Lee H, Lee H, Lee K, Lee R, Legred I, Lehmann J, Lemaître A, Lenti M, Leonardi M, Leonova E, Leroy N, Letendre N, Levesque C, Levin Y, Leviton J, Leyde K, Li A, Li B, Li J, Li K, Li P, Li T, Li X, Lin CY, Lin E, Lin FK, Lin FL, Lin H, Lin LC, Linde F, Linker S, Linley J, Littenberg T, Liu G, Liu J, Liu K, Liu X, Llamas F, Lo R, Lo T, London L, Longo A, Lopez D, Portilla ML, Lorenzini M, Loriette V, Lormand M, Losurdo G, Lott T, Lough J, Lousto C, Lovelace G, Lucaccioni J, Lück H, Lumaca D, Lundgren A, Luo LW, Lynam J, Ma’arif M, Macas R, Machtinger J, MacInnis M, Macleod D, MacMillan I, Macquet A, Hernandez IM, Magazzù C, Magee R, Maggiore R, Magnozzi M, Mahesh S, Majorana E, Maksimovic I, Maliakal S, Malik A, Man N, Mandic V, Mangano V, Mansell G, Manske M, Mantovani M, Mapelli M, Marchesoni F, Pina DM, Marion F, Mark Z, Márka S, Márka Z, Markakis C, Markosyan A, Markowitz A, Maros E, Marquina A, Marsat S, Martelli F, Martin I, Martin R, Martinez M, Martinez V, Martinez V, Martinovic K, Martynov D, Marx E, Masalehdan H, Mason K, Massera E, Masserot A, Masso-Reid M, Mastrogiovanni S, Matas A, Mateu-Lucena M, Matichard F, Matiushechkina M, Mavalvala N, McCann J, McCarthy R, McClelland D, McClincy P, McCormick S, McCuller L, McGhee G, McGuire S, McIsaac C, McIver J, McRae T, McWilliams S, Meacher D, Mehmet M, Mehta A, Meijer Q, Melatos A, Melchor D, Mendell G, Menendez-Vazquez A, Menoni C, Mercer R, Mereni L, Merfeld K, Merilh E, Merritt J, Merzougui M, Meshkov S, Messenger C, Messick C, Meyers P, Meylahn F, Mhaske A, Miani A, Miao H, Michaloliakos I, Michel C, Michimura Y, Middleton H, Mihaylov D, Milano L, Miller A, Miller A, Miller B, Millhouse M. Search for continuous gravitational wave emission from the Milky Way center in O3 LIGO-Virgo data. Int J Clin Exp Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.106.042003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Pal S, Ahamed Z, Pal P. Removal of antibiotics and pharmaceutically active compounds from water Environment: Experiments towards industrial scale up. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Wong C, Dakin RS, Williamson J, Newton J, Steven M, Colville S, Stavrou M, Gregory JM, Elliott E, Mehta AR, Chataway J, Swingler RJ, Parker RA, Weir CJ, Stallard N, Parmar MKB, Macleod MR, Pal S, Chandran S. Motor Neuron Disease Systematic Multi-Arm Adaptive Randomised Trial (MND-SMART): a multi-arm, multi-stage, adaptive, platform, phase III randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of repurposed drugs in motor neuron disease. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e064173. [PMID: 35798516 PMCID: PMC9263927 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-064173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Motor neuron disease (MND) is a rapidly fatal neurodegenerative disease. Despite decades of research and clinical trials there remains no cure and only one globally approved drug, riluzole, which prolongs survival by 2-3 months. Recent improved mechanistic understanding of MND heralds a new translational era with many potential targets being identified that are ripe for clinical trials. Motor Neuron Disease Systematic Multi-Arm Adaptive Randomised Trial (MND-SMART) aims to evaluate the efficacy of drugs efficiently and definitively in a multi-arm, multi-stage, adaptive trial. The first two drugs selected for evaluation in MND-SMART are trazodone and memantine. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Initially, up to 531 participants (177/arm) will be randomised 1:1:1 to oral liquid trazodone, memantine and placebo. The coprimary outcome measures are the Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale Revised (ALSFRS-R) and survival. Comparisons will be conducted in four stages. The decision to continue randomising to arms after each stage will be made by the Trial Steering Committee who receive recommendations from the Independent Data Monitoring Committee. The primary analysis of ALSFRS-R will be conducted when 150 participants/arm, excluding long survivors, have completed 18 months of treatment; if positive the survival effect will be inferentially analysed when 113 deaths have been observed in the placebo group. The trial design ensures that other promising drugs can be added for evaluation in planned trial adaptations. Using this novel trial design reduces time, cost and number of participants required to definitively (phase III) evaluate drugs and reduces exposure of participants to potentially ineffective treatments. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION MND-SMART was approved by the West of Scotland Research Ethics Committee on 2 October 2019. (REC reference: 19/WS/0123) Results of the study will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal and a summary provided to participants. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBERS European Clinical Trials Registry (2019-000099-41); NCT04302870.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charis Wong
- Centre of Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Rachel S Dakin
- Centre of Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jill Williamson
- Centre of Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Judith Newton
- Centre of Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Michelle Steven
- Edinburgh Clinical Trials Unit, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Shuna Colville
- Centre of Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Maria Stavrou
- Centre of Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute Edinburgh, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jenna M Gregory
- Centre of Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Elizabeth Elliott
- Centre of Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute Edinburgh, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Arpan R Mehta
- Centre of Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute Edinburgh, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jeremy Chataway
- Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research, University College London Hospitals, Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
- Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit at UCL, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Robert J Swingler
- Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, Northwick Park Hospital, London, UK
| | - Richard Anthony Parker
- Edinburgh Clinical Trials Unit, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Christopher J Weir
- Edinburgh Clinical Trials Unit, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Nigel Stallard
- Statistics and Epidemiology, Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Mahesh K B Parmar
- Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit at UCL, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Malcolm R Macleod
- Centre of Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Suvankar Pal
- Centre of Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Siddharthan Chandran
- Centre of Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute Edinburgh, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Naveen K, Rani TJ, Venkanna B, Pal S, Shree AJ. Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and Lipinski Analysis of New Hybrids Containning 1,2,3-Triazoles and Dihydropyrimidinone Scaffolds. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363222070210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Pal S. P-105 Genetic variants in the spermatogenic transcription regulators RFX2 and TAF7 enhance the incidence of azoospermia. Hum Reprod 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deac107.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Study question
What are the genetic variants of meiotic regulator genes that are implicated in male infertility among men from West Bengal, India?
Summary answer
TAF7 C16T (MW827584 G > A) and RFX2 562delT (MZ560629delA) new variations may have a major impact on optimal fertility in men from West Bengal.
What is known already
According to published research, roughly 50% of reported infertility cases in India are due to male reproductive abnormalities. Because of the involvement of several gene regulatory networks in the spermatogenesis process, the genetic etiology of idiopathic male infertility remains a mystery. The AZF region of the Y chromosome microdeletion has been discovered as a prevalent cause of male infertility across all ethnicities. Infertility in men has also been linked to sex chromosomal copy number variation and autosomal gene polymorphisms.
Study design, size, duration
This is a case-control study to infer whether the genetic variants are significantly associated in favor of cases or in favor of controls. The study included 160 healthy male controls and 150 azoospermic cases submitted to the Institute of Reproductive Medicine in Kolkata (IRM). All of the subjects agreed to participate in the study and provided blood and sperm samples. The duration of the study is three years. Seminograms were made to filter azoospermic individuals.
Participants/materials, setting, methods
2 ml of venous blood samples were taken from azoospermic men using the venipuncture procedure and stored in EDTA coated vacutainer tubes at -20°C for DNA isolation.QIAamp Blood Mini Kit was used to isolate genomic DNA. For PCR analysis, unique primers for TAF7 and RFX2 functional domains were created. Taq Dye Deoxy Terminator sequencing kit (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, USA) and ABI Prism 377 DNA sequencer were used to analyze PCR results.
Main results and the role of chance
We have found two significant genetic alterations in the coding region of TAF7 and RFX2 which are MW827584 G > A(C16T) and MZ560629delA(562delT) respectively. Both were found to have a strong association to the occurrence of azoospermia. For MW827584 G > A, minor allele ‘A’ has shown elevated risk of azoospermic against the odd 4.684 (95% C.I = 2.900-7.564, Relative risk =2.110, p value = <0.001). Fisher’s exact test was performed to calculate Odds ratios with respective 95% confidence interval (CI). After Bonferroni's correction, a two-tailed P-value of less than 0.02 was considered statistically significant throughout. Only the case sample cohort had the RFX2 deletion MZ560629 delA. Only 9 cases with this unique deletion in heterozygous form were found out of 150 azoospermic patients. This frameshift mutation results in the production of an early termination signal at exon 6, resulting in the creation of a truncated protein. The wild-type RFX2 protein has 729 amino acids but this frameshift mutation results in a 212-amino-acid RFX2 protein that lacks several secondary motifs and domains, rendering the wild-type function useless. In silico analysis of SIFT, PROVEAN, MUTATION TASTER and REGULATION SPOTTER predicted that these genetic variants are disease-causing.
Limitations, reasons for caution
There are some potential limitations to our research. A larger sample size investigation is needed to reconfirm the genetic association study. Moreover, confounding effects of allelic variation of those genetic modifiers may cause differences in the manifestation of fertility state along with the allelic variants of TAF7 and RFX2 genes.
Wider implications of the findings
This diagnostic technique will not only reduce the hazards connected with assisted reproductive technologies (ART), but it will also provide insight into previously unknown areas of infertility and enable clinicians in conducting a more thorough investigation of the patients.
Trial registration number
not applicable
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Affiliation(s)
- S Pal
- Doctoral Scholar, Department of Zoology , Kolkata, India
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Watson N, Brandel JP, Green A, Hermann P, Ladogana A, chiari MP, Smith C, Summers D, Zerr I, Pal S. 004 Validation of the diagnostic criteria for sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2022. [DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2022-abn.329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD) is the commonest form of CJD, a universally fatal and rapidly progressive human prion disease. sCJD typically presents with rapidly progressive dementia but can have diverse manifestations. The diagnosis can be challenging. Diagnostic criteria were revised in 2017 to include the real-time quaking-induced conversion (RT-QuIC) assay and cortical ribboning on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The aim of this study is to validate the diagnostic criteria, with the secondary aim of evaluating its impact on classification during life and hence case ascertainment. 501 deceased subjects with post-mortem (PM)-confirmed sCJD between 2017–2019 were included from the national registries of the UK, France, Germany and Italy. A control group of 146 subjects with alternative diagnoses at PM was included. Diagnostic test outcomes were recorded. RT-QuIC was 91.6% sensitive and 100% specific. MRI was the second most sensitive (86.8%) and specific (91.9%) investigation. Codon 129 had a significant impact on MRI changes in sCJD (p<0.001). Subjects were classified during life according to the previous and updated criteria to assess the impact on ascertainment. Revised criteria increased in-life sCJD diagnosis rates by 22.4%. In conclusion, the diagnostic criteria are highly sensitive and specific, allowing effective differentiation of sCJD from potentially treatable mimics, and enhancing in-life sCJD diagnosis.neilwatson@nhslothian.scot.nhs.uk27
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Wong C, Dakin R, Chataway J, Swingler R, Weir C, Stallard N, Parmar M, Macleod M, Pal S, Chandran S. 090 Clinical trials in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a systematic review. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2022. [DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2022-abn.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a rapidly fatal neurodegenerative disease. Despite decades of clinical trials, there remains a pressing unmet need for effective treatments. We reviewed past and present ALS clinical trials to understand the methodological challenges in trial design and delivery.MethodsTrial registry databases including clinicaltrials. gov, International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, European Union Clinical Trials Register, and PubMed were systematically searched to identify Phase II, Phase II/III and Phase III Clinical Trials of Investigational Medicinal Products (CTIMPs) assessing potential disease modifying treatments in ALS. Trials registered, completed or published during 2008–2019 were included.Results125 CTIMPs, evaluating 76 drugs, involving 15647 people with ALS (pwALS) were reviewed. Ten drugs were tested in three or more trials. Trials employed predominantly traditional two-arm designs; only 12 used novel designs. Median number of participants was 86. 40% of trials had an attrition rate ≥ 20%. There was a wide variation of primary outcome measures and primary endpoints used.ConclusionHistorically, limited participation of pwALS in trials, resources and outcome measures hindered definitive and timely evaluation of drugs in two-arm trials. We propose that future trials will need to be more flexible, scalable and acceptable to all stakeholders.charis.wong@ed.ac.uk
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Chen Y, Larraz J, Wong M, Pearson T, Kalam S, Glasmacher S, Davenport R, Newton J, Pal S. 070 A pilot study assessing choroidal thickness in frontotemporal dementia and motor neuron disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2022. [DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2022-abn.395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundFrontotemporal dementia and motor neurone disease are neurodegenerative disorders known to occur on a clinical continuum and to share underlying genetic and neuropathological char- acteristics. Retinal choroidal thickness (RCT) has been reported as a marker for inflammatory diseases. By comparing RCT between these disorders, this study aims to investigate the value of RCT in subclinical inflammation.MethodsSpectral domain optic coherence tomography (SD-OCT) images were analysed to evaluate RCT in 38 people with FTD(pwFTD) (median age 65(9)), 29 with MND (pwMND) (median age 66(15)) and 31 healthy controls (median age 54(20)). The regression of RCT with age was compared amongst the three groups.Results1) Accelerated choroidal thinning was found in pwMND in all choroidal locations, but only identified in the sub-fovea area of the pwFTD group. 2) Compared to age matched pwMND and healthy controls, choroidal thickness was significantly lower in the temporal region of pwFTD patient aged under 65 year.ConclusionThis study demonstrates an increase in rate of choroidal thinning in MND and FTD. Measurement of RCT using OCT may be a useful non-invasive surrogate biomarker to monitor subclinical inflammation and has potential for use as a secondary outcome measure in clinical trials of disease modifying treatments.ychen112@ed.ac.uk60
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Pearson I, Glasmacher S, Newton J, Mehta A, Beswick E, Davenport R, Chandran S, Pal S. 027 The prevalence and management of saliva problems in motor neuron disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2022. [DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2022-abn.352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
IntroductionSaliva problems are common in people with motor neuron disease (pwMND). Despite guide- lines for assessment and treatment, management of saliva problems has received little research attention.ObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence of saliva problems in pwMND, their association with clinical factors and their management practice.MethodsWe conducted an analysis of pwMND diagnosed between January 2015 and October 2019 using the Scottish MND Register (CARE-MND). The association between clinical factors and saliva problems was investigated using univariate and multivariable logistic regression. A survey of relevant healthcare professionals was performed to contextualise findings.Results939 pwMND were included. Saliva problem prevalence was 37.5% (294). Bulbar onset (P<0.001) but not age, sex, time to diagnosis and MND subtype were independently associated with presence of saliva problems in multivariable regression. 60.3% (155) pwMND with saliva problems received pharmacological management. The most used medications were hyoscine, amitriptyline, carbocisteine, glycopyrrolate and atropine. Evidence-base (72.7%) and local guidelines (90.9%) were cited as the most important factors influencing treatment decision by survey respondents (n=11).ConclusionSaliva problems are associated with bulbar onset MND. Many pwMND with saliva problems did not receive recommended treatments. Future research is required to determine the relative efficacy of individual pharmacological treatments.s1505898@ed.ac.uk
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McKenzie N, Piconi G, Culeux A, Hammarin AL, Stergiou C, Tzartos S, Versleijen AAM, van de Geer J, Cras P, Cardone F, Ladogana A, Mammana A, Rossi M, Bongianni M, Perra D, Regelsberger G, Klotz S, Horneman S, Aguzzi A, Matthias S, Andrews M, Burns K, Haïk S, Ruiz-García R, Verner-Carlsson J, Tzartos J, Verbeek MM, De Vil B, Poleggi A, Parchi P, Zanusso G, Gelpi E, Frontzek K, Reiman R, Hermann P, Zerr I, Pal S, Green A. Concordance of CSF RT-QuIC across the European Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease surveillance network. Eur J Neurol 2022; 29:2431-2438. [PMID: 35524506 PMCID: PMC9543645 DOI: 10.1111/ene.15387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Background and purpose Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) real‐time quaking‐induced conversion (RT‐QuIC) has a high degree of sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of sporadic Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (sCJD) and this has led to its being included in revised European CJD Surveillance Network diagnostic criteria for sCJD. As CSF RT‐QuIC becomes more widely established, it is crucial that the analytical performance of individual laboratories is consistent. The aim of this ring‐trial was to ascertain the degree of concordance between European countries undertaking CSF RT‐QuIC. Methods Ten identical CSF samples, seven from probable or neuropathologically confirmed sCJD and three from non‐CJD cases, were sent to 13 laboratories from 11 countries for RT‐QuIC analysis. A range of instrumentation and different recombinant prion protein substrates were used. Each laboratory analysed the CSF samples blinded to the diagnosis and reported the results as positive or negative. Results All 13 laboratories correctly identified five of the seven sCJD cases and the remaining two sCJD cases were identified by 92% of laboratories. Of the two sCJD cases that were not identified by all laboratories, one had a disease duration >26 months with a negative 14‐3‐3, whilst the remaining case had a 4‐month disease duration and a positive 14‐3‐3. A single false positive CSF RT‐QuIC result was observed in this study. Conclusions This study shows that CSF RT‐QuIC demonstrates an excellent concordance between centres, even when using a variety of instrumentation, recombinant prion protein substrates and CSF volumes. The adoption of CSF RT‐QuIC by all CJD surveillance centres is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil McKenzie
- The National CJD Research & Surveillance Unit, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Gabriele Piconi
- The National CJD Research & Surveillance Unit, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Audrey Culeux
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Alexandra A M Versleijen
- Neurochemistry Lab - Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Dept. of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline van de Geer
- Neurochemistry Lab - Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Dept. of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick Cras
- Laboratory of Neurology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Franco Cardone
- Dept of Neuroscience, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Ladogana
- Dept of Neuroscience, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Mammana
- Laboratory of Neuropathology, IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marcello Rossi
- Laboratory of Neuropathology, IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Daniela Perra
- Neuropathology Laboratory, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Guenther Regelsberger
- Austria: Guenther Regelsberger, Ellen Gelpi, Sigrid Klotz; Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sigrid Klotz
- Austria: Guenther Regelsberger, Ellen Gelpi, Sigrid Klotz; Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Simone Horneman
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Adriano Aguzzi
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Schmitz Matthias
- National Reference Center for Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mary Andrews
- The National CJD Research & Surveillance Unit, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Kimberley Burns
- The National CJD Research & Surveillance Unit, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Stéphane Haïk
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Raquel Ruiz-García
- Immunology Department, Biomedical Diagnostic Centre. Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Spain / Neuroimmunology Program, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona,, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Marcel M Verbeek
- Neurochemistry Lab - Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Dept. of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Bart De Vil
- Laboratory of Neurology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Anna Poleggi
- Dept of Neuroscience, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Piero Parchi
- Laboratory of Neuropathology, IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Ellen Gelpi
- Austria: Guenther Regelsberger, Ellen Gelpi, Sigrid Klotz; Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karl Frontzek
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Regina Reiman
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Peter Hermann
- National Reference Center for Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Inga Zerr
- National Reference Center for Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Suvankar Pal
- The National CJD Research & Surveillance Unit, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Alison Green
- The National CJD Research & Surveillance Unit, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Adhikari P, Ajaj R, Auty D, Bina C, Bonivento W, Boulay M, Cadeddu M, Cai B, Cárdenas-Montes M, Cavuoti S, Chen Y, Cleveland B, Corning J, Daugherty S, DelGobbo P, Di Stefano P, Doria L, Dunford M, Erlandson A, Farahani S, Fatemighomi N, Fiorillo G, Gallacher D, Garcés E, García Abia P, Garg S, Giampa P, Goeldi D, Gorel P, Graham K, Grobov A, Hallin A, Hamstra M, Hugues T, Ilyasov A, Joy A, Jigmeddorj B, Jillings C, Kamaev O, Kaur G, Kemp A, Kochanek I, Kuźniak M, Lai M, Langrock S, Lehnert B, Levashko N, Li X, Litvinov O, Lock J, Longo G, Machulin I, McDonald A, McElroy T, McLaughlin J, Mielnichuk C, Monroe J, Oliviéro G, Pal S, Peeters S, Pesudo V, Piro MC, Pollmann T, Rand E, Rethmeier C, Retière F, Rodríguez-García I, Roszkowski L, Sanchez García E, Sánchez-Pastor T, Santorelli R, Sinclair D, Skensved P, Smith B, Smith N, Sonley T, Stainforth R, Stringer M, Sur B, Vázquez-Jáuregui E, Viel S, Vincent A, Walding J, Waqar M, Ward M, Westerdale S, Willis J, Zuñiga-Reyes A. Erratum: Constraints on dark matter-nucleon effective couplings in the presence of kinematically distinct halo substructures using the DEAP-3600 detector [Phys. Rev. D
102
, 082001 (2020)]. Int J Clin Exp Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.105.029901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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33
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Adhikari P, Ajaj R, Alpízar-Venegas M, Auty DJ, Benmansour H, Bina CE, Bonivento W, Boulay MG, Cadeddu M, Cai B, Cárdenas-Montes M, Cavuoti S, Chen Y, Cleveland BT, Corning JM, Daugherty S, DelGobbo P, Di Stefano P, Doria L, Dunford M, Ellingwood E, Erlandson A, Farahani SS, Fatemighomi N, Fiorillo G, Gallacher D, García Abia P, Garg S, Giampa P, Goeldi D, Gorel P, Graham K, Grobov A, Hallin AL, Hamstra M, Hugues T, Ilyasov A, Joy A, Jigmeddorj B, Jillings CJ, Kamaev O, Kaur G, Kemp A, Kochanek I, Kuźniak M, Lai M, Langrock S, Lehnert B, Leonhardt A, Levashko N, Li X, Lissia M, Litvinov O, Lock J, Longo G, Machulin I, McDonald AB, McElroy T, McLaughlin JB, Mielnichuk C, Mirasola L, Monroe J, Oliviéro G, Pal S, Peeters SJM, Perry M, Pesudo V, Picciau E, Piro MC, Pollmann TR, Raj N, Rand ET, Rethmeier C, Retière F, Rodríguez-García I, Roszkowski L, Ruhland JB, Sanchez García E, Sánchez-Pastor T, Santorelli R, Seth S, Sinclair D, Skensved P, Smith B, Smith NJT, Sonley T, Stainforth R, Stringer M, Sur B, Vázquez-Jáuregui E, Viel S, Walding J, Waqar M, Ward M, Westerdale S, Willis J, Zuñiga-Reyes A. First Direct Detection Constraints on Planck-Scale Mass Dark Matter with Multiple-Scatter Signatures Using the DEAP-3600 Detector. Phys Rev Lett 2022; 128:011801. [PMID: 35061499 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.011801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Dark matter with Planck-scale mass (≃10^{19} GeV/c^{2}) arises in well-motivated theories and could be produced by several cosmological mechanisms. A search for multiscatter signals from supermassive dark matter was performed with a blind analysis of data collected over a 813 d live time with DEAP-3600, a 3.3 t single-phase liquid argon-based detector at SNOLAB. No candidate signals were observed, leading to the first direct detection constraints on Planck-scale mass dark matter. Leading limits constrain dark matter masses between 8.3×10^{6} and 1.2×10^{19} GeV/c^{2}, and ^{40}Ar-scattering cross sections between 1.0×10^{-23} and 2.4×10^{-18} cm^{2}. These results are interpreted as constraints on composite dark matter models with two different nucleon-to-nuclear cross section scalings.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Adhikari
- Department of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - R Ajaj
- Department of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
- Arthur B. McDonald Canadian Astroparticle Physics Research Institute, Queen's University, Kingston ON K7L 3N6,Canada
| | - M Alpízar-Venegas
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, A.P. 20-364, México D.F. 01000, México
| | - D J Auty
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - H Benmansour
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics, and Astronomy, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - C E Bina
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2R3, Canada
- Arthur B. McDonald Canadian Astroparticle Physics Research Institute, Queen's University, Kingston ON K7L 3N6,Canada
| | | | - M G Boulay
- Department of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - M Cadeddu
- Physics Department, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cagliari 09042, Italy
- INFN Cagliari, Cagliari 09042, Italy
| | - B Cai
- Department of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
- Arthur B. McDonald Canadian Astroparticle Physics Research Institute, Queen's University, Kingston ON K7L 3N6,Canada
| | - M Cárdenas-Montes
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - S Cavuoti
- Physics Department, Università degli Studi "Federico II" di Napoli, Napoli 80126, Italy
- Astronomical Observatory of Capodimonte, Salita Moiariello 16, I-80131 Napoli, Italy
- INFN Napoli, Napoli 80126, Italy
| | - Y Chen
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - B T Cleveland
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, P3E 2C6, Canada
- SNOLAB, Lively, Ontario, P3Y 1N2, Canada
| | - J M Corning
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics, and Astronomy, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - S Daugherty
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, P3E 2C6, Canada
| | - P DelGobbo
- Department of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
- Arthur B. McDonald Canadian Astroparticle Physics Research Institute, Queen's University, Kingston ON K7L 3N6,Canada
| | - P Di Stefano
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics, and Astronomy, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - L Doria
- PRISMA+, Cluster of Excellence and Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - M Dunford
- Department of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - E Ellingwood
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics, and Astronomy, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - A Erlandson
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, Ontario, K0J 1J0, Canada
- Department of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - S S Farahani
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - N Fatemighomi
- Royal Holloway University London, Egham Hill, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, United Kingdom
- SNOLAB, Lively, Ontario, P3Y 1N2, Canada
| | - G Fiorillo
- Physics Department, Università degli Studi "Federico II" di Napoli, Napoli 80126, Italy
- INFN Napoli, Napoli 80126, Italy
| | - D Gallacher
- Department of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - P García Abia
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - S Garg
- Department of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - P Giampa
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - D Goeldi
- Department of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
- Arthur B. McDonald Canadian Astroparticle Physics Research Institute, Queen's University, Kingston ON K7L 3N6,Canada
| | - P Gorel
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, P3E 2C6, Canada
- SNOLAB, Lively, Ontario, P3Y 1N2, Canada
- Arthur B. McDonald Canadian Astroparticle Physics Research Institute, Queen's University, Kingston ON K7L 3N6,Canada
| | - K Graham
- Department of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - A Grobov
- National Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, Moscow 123182, Russia
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409, Russia
| | - A L Hallin
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - M Hamstra
- Department of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - T Hugues
- AstroCeNT, Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, Rektorska 4, 00-614 Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Ilyasov
- National Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, Moscow 123182, Russia
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409, Russia
| | - A Joy
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2R3, Canada
- Arthur B. McDonald Canadian Astroparticle Physics Research Institute, Queen's University, Kingston ON K7L 3N6,Canada
| | - B Jigmeddorj
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, Ontario, K0J 1J0, Canada
| | - C J Jillings
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, P3E 2C6, Canada
- SNOLAB, Lively, Ontario, P3Y 1N2, Canada
| | - O Kamaev
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, Ontario, K0J 1J0, Canada
| | - G Kaur
- Department of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - A Kemp
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics, and Astronomy, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
- Royal Holloway University London, Egham Hill, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, United Kingdom
| | - I Kochanek
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (AQ) 67100, Italy
| | - M Kuźniak
- AstroCeNT, Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, Rektorska 4, 00-614 Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
- Arthur B. McDonald Canadian Astroparticle Physics Research Institute, Queen's University, Kingston ON K7L 3N6,Canada
| | - M Lai
- Physics Department, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cagliari 09042, Italy
- INFN Cagliari, Cagliari 09042, Italy
| | - S Langrock
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, P3E 2C6, Canada
- Arthur B. McDonald Canadian Astroparticle Physics Research Institute, Queen's University, Kingston ON K7L 3N6,Canada
| | - B Lehnert
- Department of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - A Leonhardt
- Department of Physics, Technische Universität München, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | - N Levashko
- National Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, Moscow 123182, Russia
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409, Russia
| | - X Li
- Physics Department, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - M Lissia
- INFN Cagliari, Cagliari 09042, Italy
| | - O Litvinov
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - J Lock
- Department of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - G Longo
- Physics Department, Università degli Studi "Federico II" di Napoli, Napoli 80126, Italy
- INFN Napoli, Napoli 80126, Italy
| | - I Machulin
- National Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, Moscow 123182, Russia
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409, Russia
| | - A B McDonald
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics, and Astronomy, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - T McElroy
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - J B McLaughlin
- Royal Holloway University London, Egham Hill, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, United Kingdom
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - C Mielnichuk
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - L Mirasola
- Physics Department, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cagliari 09042, Italy
| | - J Monroe
- Royal Holloway University London, Egham Hill, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, United Kingdom
| | - G Oliviéro
- Department of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
- Arthur B. McDonald Canadian Astroparticle Physics Research Institute, Queen's University, Kingston ON K7L 3N6,Canada
| | - S Pal
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2R3, Canada
- Arthur B. McDonald Canadian Astroparticle Physics Research Institute, Queen's University, Kingston ON K7L 3N6,Canada
| | - S J M Peeters
- University of Sussex, Sussex House, Brighton, East Sussex BN1 9RH, United Kingdom
| | - M Perry
- Department of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - V Pesudo
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - E Picciau
- Physics Department, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cagliari 09042, Italy
- INFN Cagliari, Cagliari 09042, Italy
| | - M-C Piro
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2R3, Canada
- Arthur B. McDonald Canadian Astroparticle Physics Research Institute, Queen's University, Kingston ON K7L 3N6,Canada
| | - T R Pollmann
- Department of Physics, Technische Universität München, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | - N Raj
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - E T Rand
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, Ontario, K0J 1J0, Canada
| | - C Rethmeier
- Department of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - F Retière
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - I Rodríguez-García
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - L Roszkowski
- AstroCeNT, Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, Rektorska 4, 00-614 Warsaw, Poland
- BP2, National Centre for Nuclear Research, ul. Pasteura 7, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - J B Ruhland
- Department of Physics, Technische Universität München, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | - E Sanchez García
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - T Sánchez-Pastor
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - R Santorelli
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - S Seth
- Department of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
- Arthur B. McDonald Canadian Astroparticle Physics Research Institute, Queen's University, Kingston ON K7L 3N6,Canada
| | - D Sinclair
- Department of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - P Skensved
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics, and Astronomy, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - B Smith
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - N J T Smith
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, P3E 2C6, Canada
- SNOLAB, Lively, Ontario, P3Y 1N2, Canada
| | - T Sonley
- SNOLAB, Lively, Ontario, P3Y 1N2, Canada
- Arthur B. McDonald Canadian Astroparticle Physics Research Institute, Queen's University, Kingston ON K7L 3N6,Canada
| | - R Stainforth
- Department of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - M Stringer
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics, and Astronomy, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
- Arthur B. McDonald Canadian Astroparticle Physics Research Institute, Queen's University, Kingston ON K7L 3N6,Canada
| | - B Sur
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, Ontario, K0J 1J0, Canada
| | - E Vázquez-Jáuregui
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, P3E 2C6, Canada
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, A.P. 20-364, México D.F. 01000, México
| | - S Viel
- Department of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
- Arthur B. McDonald Canadian Astroparticle Physics Research Institute, Queen's University, Kingston ON K7L 3N6,Canada
| | - J Walding
- Royal Holloway University London, Egham Hill, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, United Kingdom
| | - M Waqar
- Department of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
- Arthur B. McDonald Canadian Astroparticle Physics Research Institute, Queen's University, Kingston ON K7L 3N6,Canada
| | - M Ward
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics, and Astronomy, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
- SNOLAB, Lively, Ontario, P3Y 1N2, Canada
| | - S Westerdale
- Department of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
- INFN Cagliari, Cagliari 09042, Italy
| | - J Willis
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - A Zuñiga-Reyes
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, A.P. 20-364, México D.F. 01000, México
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Watson N, Hermann P, Ladogana A, Denouel A, Baiardi S, Colaizzo E, Giaccone G, Glatzel M, Green AJE, Haïk S, Imperiale D, MacKenzie J, Moda F, Smith C, Summers D, Tiple D, Vaianella L, Zanusso G, Pocchiari M, Zerr I, Parchi P, Brandel JP, Pal S. Validation of Revised International Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Surveillance Network Diagnostic Criteria for Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease. JAMA Netw Open 2022; 5:e2146319. [PMID: 35099544 PMCID: PMC8804913 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.46319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD) is a rapidly lethal disease. Rapid, accurate diagnosis is imperative for epidemiological surveillance and public health activities to exclude treatable differentials and facilitate supportive care. In 2017, the International CJD Surveillance Network diagnostic criteria were revised to incorporate cortical ribboning on magnetic resonance imaging and the real-time quaking-induced conversion (RT-QuIC) assay, developments that require multicenter evaluation. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the accuracy of revised diagnostic criteria through the retrospective diagnosis of autopsy-confirmed cases (referred to as in-life diagnosis). DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This diagnostic study used a 3-year clinicopathological series using all cases of autopsy-confirmed sCJD and a noncase group with alternative neuropathological diagnoses from national surveillance centers in the United Kingdom, France, Germany, and Italy. Data were collected from January 2017 to December 2019 and analyzed from January 2020 to November 2021. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Sensitivity and specificity of revised diagnostic criteria and diagnostic investigations. Secondary analyses assessing sCJD subgroups by genotype, pathological classification, disease duration, and age. RESULTS A total of 501 sCJD cases and 146 noncases were included. Noncase diagnoses included neurodegenerative diseases, autoimmune encephalitis, and cerebral insults such as anoxia. Participants in the sCJD cases cohort were younger (mean [SD] age, 68.8 [9.8] years vs 72.8 [10.9] years; P < .001) and had longer median (IQR) disease duration (118 [74.8-222.3] days vs 85 [51.5-205.5] days; P = .002); sex ratios were equivalent (253 [50.5%] male cases vs 74 [50.7%] male noncases). Sensitivity of revised criteria in in-life diagnosis (450 of 488 [92.2%] diagnoses; 95% CI, 89.5%-94.4%) was increased compared with prior criteria (378 of 488 [77.5%] diagnoses; 95% CI, 73.5%-81.1%; P < .001), while specificity (101 of 125 [80.8%] diagnoses; 95% CI, 72.8%-87.3%) was unchanged (102 of 125 [81.6%] diagnoses; 95% CI, 73.7%-88.0%; P > .99). Among 223 cases and 52 noncases with the full panel of investigations performed, sensitivity of revised criteria (97.8%; 95% CI, 94.9%-99.3%) was increased compared with prior criteria (76.2%; 95% CI, 70.1%-81.7%; P < .001) while specificity was unchanged (67.3%; 95% CI, 52.9%-79.7% vs 69.2%; 95% CI, 54.9%-81.3%; P > .99). In 455 cases and 111 noncases, cortical ribboning was 67.9% sensitive (95% CI, 63.4%-72.2%) and 86.5% specific (95% CI, 78.7%-92.2%). In 274 cases and 77 noncases, RT-QuIC was 91.6% sensitive (95% CI, 87.7%-94.6%) and 100% specific (95% CI, 96.2%-100%). Investigation sensitivity varied with genetic and pathological features, disease duration, and age. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This diagnostic study demonstrated significantly improved sensitivity of revised sCJD diagnostic criteria with unaltered specificity. The revision has enhanced diagnostic accuracy for clinical care and surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Watson
- National CJD Research & Surveillance Unit, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Hermann
- National Reference Centre for TSE, Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anna Ladogana
- Registry of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease, Department of Neuroscience, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Angeline Denouel
- Cellule Nationale de référence des MCJ, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Simone Baiardi
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Programma Neuropatologia delle Malattie Neurodegenerative, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisa Colaizzo
- Registry of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease, Department of Neuroscience, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgio Giaccone
- Neurology 5/Neuropathology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Markus Glatzel
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alison J. E. Green
- National CJD Research & Surveillance Unit, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Stéphane Haïk
- Cellule Nationale de référence des MCJ, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris Cedex 13, France
| | | | - Janet MacKenzie
- National CJD Research & Surveillance Unit, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Fabio Moda
- Neurology 5/Neuropathology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Colin Smith
- National CJD Research & Surveillance Unit, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - David Summers
- National CJD Research & Surveillance Unit, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Dorina Tiple
- Registry of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease, Department of Neuroscience, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Luana Vaianella
- Registry of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease, Department of Neuroscience, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Zanusso
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Policlinico G.B. Rossi, Verona, Italy
| | - Maurizio Pocchiari
- Registry of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease, Department of Neuroscience, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Inga Zerr
- National Reference Centre for TSE, Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Piero Parchi
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Programma Neuropatologia delle Malattie Neurodegenerative, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Jean-Philippe Brandel
- Cellule Nationale de référence des MCJ, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Suvankar Pal
- National CJD Research & Surveillance Unit, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Beswick E, Forbes D, Hassan Z, Wong C, Newton J, Carson A, Abrahams S, Chandran S, Pal S. A systematic review of non-motor symptom evaluation in clinical trials for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Neurol 2022; 269:411-426. [PMID: 34120226 PMCID: PMC8738361 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-021-10651-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is increasingly recognised as a multi-system disorder, presenting with common and impactful non-motor symptoms, such as neuropsychiatric symtpoms, cognitive and behavioural changes, pain, disordered sleep, fatigue and problematic saliva. AIM/HYPOTHESIS We aimed to systematically review 25 years of ALS clinical trials data to identify if non-motor features were evaluated, in addition to the traditional measures of motor functioning and survival, and where evaluated to describe the instruments used to assess. We hypothesised that assessment of non-motor symptoms has been largely neglected in trial design and not evaluated with ALS-suitable instruments. METHODS We reviewed clinical trials of investigative medicinal products in ALS, since the licensing of riluzole in 1994. Trial registry databases including WHO International Trials Registry, European Clinical Trials Register, clinicaltrials.gov, and PubMed were systematically searched for Phase II, III or IV trials registered, completed or published between 01/01/1994 and 16/09/2020. No language restrictions were applied. RESULTS 237 clinical trials, including over 29,222 participants, were investigated for their use of non-motor outcome measures. These trials evaluated neuropsychiatric symptoms (75, 32%), cognitive impairment (16, 6.8%), behavioural change (34, 14%), pain (55, 23%), sleep disturbances (12, 5%) and fatigue (18, 8%). Problematic saliva was assessed as part of composite ALS-FRS(R) scores in 184 trials (78%) but with no focus on this as an isolated symptom. 31 (13%) trials including 3585 participants did not include any assessment of non-motor symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Non-motor symptoms such as neuropsychiatric, cognitive and behavioural changes, pain, disordered sleep, fatigue, and problematic saliva have not been consistently evaluated in trials for people with ALS. Where evaluated, non-symptoms were primarily assessed using instruments and impairment thresholds that are not adapted for people with ALS. Future trials should include non-motor symptom assessments to evaluate the additional potential therapeutic benefit of candidate drugs. PROPSERO REGISTRATION CRD42020223648.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Beswick
- grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK ,grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, The University of Edinburgh, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4 SB Scotland, UK ,grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Deborah Forbes
- grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK ,grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, The University of Edinburgh, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4 SB Scotland, UK ,grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Zack Hassan
- grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK ,grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, The University of Edinburgh, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4 SB Scotland, UK ,grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Charis Wong
- grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK ,grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, The University of Edinburgh, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4 SB Scotland, UK ,grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Judith Newton
- grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK ,grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, The University of Edinburgh, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4 SB Scotland, UK ,grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Alan Carson
- grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Sharon Abrahams
- grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK ,grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988Human Cognitive Neurosciences, Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Siddharthan Chandran
- grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK ,grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, The University of Edinburgh, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4 SB Scotland, UK ,grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK ,grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988Human Cognitive Neurosciences, Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK ,grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988UK Dementia Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Suvankar Pal
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK. .,Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, The University of Edinburgh, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4 SB, Scotland, UK. .,Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK.
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Mitchell AG, Rossit S, Pal S, Hornberger M, Warman A, Kenning E, Williamson L, Shapland R, McIntosh RD. Peripheral reaching in Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment. Cortex 2022; 149:29-43. [PMID: 35184013 PMCID: PMC9007170 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2022.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidence has implicated areas within the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) as among the first to show pathophysiological changes in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Focal brain damage to the PPC can cause optic ataxia, a specific deficit in reaching to peripheral targets. The present study describes a novel investigation of peripheral reaching ability in AD and mild cognitive impairment (MCI), to assess whether this deficit is common among these patient groups. Individuals with a diagnosis of mild-to-moderate AD, or MCI, and healthy older adult controls were required to reach to targets presented in central vision or in peripheral vision using two reaching tasks; one in the lateral plane and another presented in radial depth. Pre-registered case–control comparisons identified 1/10 MCI and 3/17 AD patients with significant peripheral reaching deficits at the individual level, but group-level comparisons did not find significantly higher peripheral reaching error in either AD or MCI by comparison to controls. Exploratory analyses showed significantly increased reach duration in both AD and MCI groups relative to controls, accounted for by an extended Deceleration Time of the reach movement. These findings suggest that peripheral reaching deficits like those observed in optic ataxia are not a common feature of AD. However, we show that cognitive decline is associated with a generalised slowing of movement which may indicate a visuomotor deficit in reach planning or online guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra G Mitchell
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Center for Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University, Denmark.
| | - Stephanie Rossit
- School of Psychology, Lawrence Stenhouse Building, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.
| | - Suvankar Pal
- Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, Chancellor's Building, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
| | | | - Annie Warman
- School of Psychology, Lawrence Stenhouse Building, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.
| | - Elise Kenning
- School of Psychology, Lawrence Stenhouse Building, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Laura Williamson
- School of Psychology, Lawrence Stenhouse Building, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Rebecca Shapland
- School of Psychology, Lawrence Stenhouse Building, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
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37
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Watson N, Kirby J, Kurudzhu H, Leitch M, MacKenzie J, Smith-Bathgate B, Smith C, Summers D, Green A, Pal S. The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Surveillance and Patient Care in the United Kingdom. Eur J Neurol 2021; 29:1222-1226. [PMID: 34941016 PMCID: PMC9305926 DOI: 10.1111/ene.15228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background and purpose Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (CJD) is lethal and transmissible. We assessed the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on UK CJD surveillance. We hypothesized that (i) disruptions prolonged diagnostic latency; (ii) autopsy rates declined; and (iii) COVID‐19 infection negatively affected diagnosis, care, and survival. Methods We retrospectively investigated the first year of the pandemic, using the preceding year as a comparator, quantifying numbers of individuals assessed by the UK National CJD Research & Surveillance Unit for suspected CJD, time to diagnosis, disease duration, and autopsy rates. We evaluated the impact of COVID‐19 status on diagnosis, care, and survival in CJD. Results A total of 148 individuals were diagnosed with CJD in the pandemic (from a total of 166 individuals assessed) compared to 141 in the comparator (from 145 assessed). No differences were identified in disease duration or time to diagnosis. Autopsy rates were unchanged. Twenty individuals had COVID‐19; 60% were symptomatic, and 10% had severe disease. Disruptions in diagnosis and care were frequently identified. Forty percent of COVID‐19‐positive individuals died; however, COVID‐19 status did not significantly alter survival duration in CJD. Conclusions The COVID‐19 pandemic has not impacted UK CJD case ascertainment or survival, but diagnostic evaluation and clinical care of individuals have been affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Watson
- The University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - J Kirby
- The University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - H Kurudzhu
- The University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - M Leitch
- The University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - C Smith
- The University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - D Summers
- The University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Aje Green
- The University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - S Pal
- The University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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38
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Wong C, Stavrou M, Elliott E, Gregory JM, Leigh N, Pinto AA, Williams TL, Chataway J, Swingler R, Parmar MKB, Stallard N, Weir CJ, Parker RA, Chaouch A, Hamdalla H, Ealing J, Gorrie G, Morrison I, Duncan C, Connelly P, Carod-Artal FJ, Davenport R, Reitboeck PG, Radunovic A, Srinivasan V, Preston J, Mehta AR, Leighton D, Glasmacher S, Beswick E, Williamson J, Stenson A, Weaver C, Newton J, Lyle D, Dakin R, Macleod M, Pal S, Chandran S. Clinical trials in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a systematic review and perspective. Brain Commun 2021; 3:fcab242. [PMID: 34901853 PMCID: PMC8659356 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcab242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a progressive and devastating neurodegenerative disease. Despite decades of clinical trials, effective disease-modifying drugs remain scarce. To understand the challenges of trial design and delivery, we performed a systematic review of Phase II, Phase II/III and Phase III amyotrophic lateral sclerosis clinical drug trials on trial registries and PubMed between 2008 and 2019. We identified 125 trials, investigating 76 drugs and recruiting more than 15 000 people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. About 90% of trials used traditional fixed designs. The limitations in understanding of disease biology, outcome measures, resources and barriers to trial participation in a rapidly progressive, disabling and heterogenous disease hindered timely and definitive evaluation of drugs in two-arm trials. Innovative trial designs, especially adaptive platform trials may offer significant efficiency gains to this end. We propose a flexible and scalable multi-arm, multi-stage trial platform where opportunities to participate in a clinical trial can become the default for people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charis Wong
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK.,Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK.,Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, University of Edinburgh, FU303F, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Maria Stavrou
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK.,Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK.,Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, University of Edinburgh, FU303F, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK.,UK Dementia Research Institute, Chancellor's Building, The University of Edinburgh, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Elizabeth Elliott
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK.,Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK.,Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, University of Edinburgh, FU303F, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK.,UK Dementia Research Institute, Chancellor's Building, The University of Edinburgh, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Jenna M Gregory
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK.,Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, University of Edinburgh, FU303F, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK.,UK Dementia Research Institute, Chancellor's Building, The University of Edinburgh, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Nigel Leigh
- Department of Neuroscience, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9PX, UK
| | - Ashwin A Pinto
- Neurology Department, Wessex Neurosciences Centre, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Timothy L Williams
- Department of Neurology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4LP, UK
| | - Jeremy Chataway
- Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London WC1B 5EH, UK.,National Institute for Health Research, University College London Hospitals, Biomedical Research Centre, London, W1T 7DN, UK.,MRC CTU at UCL, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology, University College London, London, WC1V 6LJ, UK
| | - Robert Swingler
- Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, University of Edinburgh, FU303F, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Mahesh K B Parmar
- MRC CTU at UCL, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology, University College London, London, WC1V 6LJ, UK
| | - Nigel Stallard
- Statistics and Epidemiology, Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Christopher J Weir
- Edinburgh Clinical Trials Unit, Usher Institute, Level 2, NINE Edinburgh BioQuarter, 9 Little France Road, Edinburgh EH16 4UX, UK
| | - Richard A Parker
- Edinburgh Clinical Trials Unit, Usher Institute, Level 2, NINE Edinburgh BioQuarter, 9 Little France Road, Edinburgh EH16 4UX, UK
| | - Amina Chaouch
- Motor Neurone Disease Care Centre, Manchester Centre for Clinical Neurosciences, Salford, M6 8HD, UK
| | - Hisham Hamdalla
- Motor Neurone Disease Care Centre, Manchester Centre for Clinical Neurosciences, Salford, M6 8HD, UK
| | - John Ealing
- Motor Neurone Disease Care Centre, Manchester Centre for Clinical Neurosciences, Salford, M6 8HD, UK
| | - George Gorrie
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurological Sciences, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow, G51 4TF, UK
| | - Ian Morrison
- Department of Neurology, NHS Tayside, Dundee, DD2 1UB, UK
| | - Callum Duncan
- Department of Neurology, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZN, UK
| | - Peter Connelly
- NHS Research Scotland Neuroprogressive Disorders and Dementia Network, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | | | - Richard Davenport
- Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK.,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, EH16 4SA, UK
| | - Pablo Garcia Reitboeck
- Atkinson Morley Regional Neurosciences Centre, St. George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London SW17 0QT, UK
| | | | | | - Jenny Preston
- Department of Neurology, NHS Ayrshire & Arran, KA12 8SS, UK
| | - Arpan R Mehta
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK.,Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK.,Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, University of Edinburgh, FU303F, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK.,UK Dementia Research Institute, Chancellor's Building, The University of Edinburgh, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Danielle Leighton
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK.,Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, University of Edinburgh, FU303F, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Stella Glasmacher
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK.,Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK.,Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, University of Edinburgh, FU303F, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Emily Beswick
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK.,Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK.,Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, University of Edinburgh, FU303F, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Jill Williamson
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK.,Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK.,Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, University of Edinburgh, FU303F, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Amy Stenson
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK.,Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK.,Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, University of Edinburgh, FU303F, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Christine Weaver
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK.,Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK.,Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, University of Edinburgh, FU303F, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Judith Newton
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK.,Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK.,Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, University of Edinburgh, FU303F, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Dawn Lyle
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK.,Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK.,Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, University of Edinburgh, FU303F, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Rachel Dakin
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK.,Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK.,Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, University of Edinburgh, FU303F, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Malcolm Macleod
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Suvankar Pal
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK.,Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK.,Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, University of Edinburgh, FU303F, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Siddharthan Chandran
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK.,Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK.,Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, University of Edinburgh, FU303F, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK.,UK Dementia Research Institute, Chancellor's Building, The University of Edinburgh, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
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39
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van Rheenen W, van der Spek RAA, Bakker MK, van Vugt JJFA, Hop PJ, Zwamborn RAJ, de Klein N, Westra HJ, Bakker OB, Deelen P, Shireby G, Hannon E, Moisse M, Baird D, Restuadi R, Dolzhenko E, Dekker AM, Gawor K, Westeneng HJ, Tazelaar GHP, van Eijk KR, Kooyman M, Byrne RP, Doherty M, Heverin M, Al Khleifat A, Iacoangeli A, Shatunov A, Ticozzi N, Cooper-Knock J, Smith BN, Gromicho M, Chandran S, Pal S, Morrison KE, Shaw PJ, Hardy J, Orrell RW, Sendtner M, Meyer T, Başak N, van der Kooi AJ, Ratti A, Fogh I, Gellera C, Lauria G, Corti S, Cereda C, Sproviero D, D'Alfonso S, Sorarù G, Siciliano G, Filosto M, Padovani A, Chiò A, Calvo A, Moglia C, Brunetti M, Canosa A, Grassano M, Beghi E, Pupillo E, Logroscino G, Nefussy B, Osmanovic A, Nordin A, Lerner Y, Zabari M, Gotkine M, Baloh RH, Bell S, Vourc'h P, Corcia P, Couratier P, Millecamps S, Meininger V, Salachas F, Mora Pardina JS, Assialioui A, Rojas-García R, Dion PA, Ross JP, Ludolph AC, Weishaupt JH, Brenner D, Freischmidt A, Bensimon G, Brice A, Durr A, Payan CAM, Saker-Delye S, Wood NW, Topp S, Rademakers R, Tittmann L, Lieb W, Franke A, Ripke S, Braun A, Kraft J, Whiteman DC, Olsen CM, Uitterlinden AG, Hofman A, Rietschel M, Cichon S, Nöthen MM, Amouyel P, Traynor BJ, Singleton AB, Mitne Neto M, Cauchi RJ, Ophoff RA, Wiedau-Pazos M, Lomen-Hoerth C, van Deerlin VM, Grosskreutz J, Roediger A, Gaur N, Jörk A, Barthel T, Theele E, Ilse B, Stubendorff B, Witte OW, Steinbach R, Hübner CA, Graff C, Brylev L, Fominykh V, Demeshonok V, Ataulina A, Rogelj B, Koritnik B, Zidar J, Ravnik-Glavač M, Glavač D, Stević Z, Drory V, Povedano M, Blair IP, Kiernan MC, Benyamin B, Henderson RD, Furlong S, Mathers S, McCombe PA, Needham M, Ngo ST, Nicholson GA, Pamphlett R, Rowe DB, Steyn FJ, Williams KL, Mather KA, Sachdev PS, Henders AK, Wallace L, de Carvalho M, Pinto S, Petri S, Weber M, Rouleau GA, Silani V, Curtis CJ, Breen G, Glass JD, Brown RH, Landers JE, Shaw CE, Andersen PM, Groen EJN, van Es MA, Pasterkamp RJ, Fan D, Garton FC, McRae AF, Davey Smith G, Gaunt TR, Eberle MA, Mill J, McLaughlin RL, Hardiman O, Kenna KP, Wray NR, Tsai E, Runz H, Franke L, Al-Chalabi A, Van Damme P, van den Berg LH, Veldink JH. Common and rare variant association analyses in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis identify 15 risk loci with distinct genetic architectures and neuron-specific biology. Nat Genet 2021; 53:1636-1648. [PMID: 34873335 PMCID: PMC8648564 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-021-00973-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease with a lifetime risk of one in 350 people and an unmet need for disease-modifying therapies. We conducted a cross-ancestry genome-wide association study (GWAS) including 29,612 patients with ALS and 122,656 controls, which identified 15 risk loci. When combined with 8,953 individuals with whole-genome sequencing (6,538 patients, 2,415 controls) and a large cortex-derived expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) dataset (MetaBrain), analyses revealed locus-specific genetic architectures in which we prioritized genes either through rare variants, short tandem repeats or regulatory effects. ALS-associated risk loci were shared with multiple traits within the neurodegenerative spectrum but with distinct enrichment patterns across brain regions and cell types. Of the environmental and lifestyle risk factors obtained from the literature, Mendelian randomization analyses indicated a causal role for high cholesterol levels. The combination of all ALS-associated signals reveals a role for perturbations in vesicle-mediated transport and autophagy and provides evidence for cell-autonomous disease initiation in glutamatergic neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouter van Rheenen
- Department of Neurology, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Rick A A van der Spek
- Department of Neurology, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Mark K Bakker
- Department of Neurology, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Joke J F A van Vugt
- Department of Neurology, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Paul J Hop
- Department of Neurology, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ramona A J Zwamborn
- Department of Neurology, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Niek de Klein
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Harm-Jan Westra
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Olivier B Bakker
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Patrick Deelen
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Gemma Shireby
- University of Exeter Medical School, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Eilis Hannon
- University of Exeter Medical School, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Matthieu Moisse
- Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, VIB, Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Denis Baird
- Translational Biology, Biogen, Boston, MA, USA
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Restuadi Restuadi
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Annelot M Dekker
- Department of Neurology, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Klara Gawor
- Department of Neurology, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Henk-Jan Westeneng
- Department of Neurology, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Gijs H P Tazelaar
- Department of Neurology, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Kristel R van Eijk
- Department of Neurology, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Maarten Kooyman
- Department of Neurology, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ross P Byrne
- Complex Trait Genomics Laboratory, Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mark Doherty
- Complex Trait Genomics Laboratory, Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mark Heverin
- Academic Unit of Neurology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ahmad Al Khleifat
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Alfredo Iacoangeli
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre and Dementia Unit, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK
| | - Aleksey Shatunov
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Nicola Ticozzi
- Department of Neurology, Stroke Unit and Laboratory of Neuroscience, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, 'Dino Ferrari' Center, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Johnathan Cooper-Knock
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Bradley N Smith
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Marta Gromicho
- Instituto de Fisiologia, Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Siddharthan Chandran
- Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease Research, Edinburgh, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Suvankar Pal
- Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease Research, Edinburgh, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Karen E Morrison
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Pamela J Shaw
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - John Hardy
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Richard W Orrell
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Michael Sendtner
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Meyer
- Charité University Hospital, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nazli Başak
- Koç University, School of Medicine, KUTTAM-NDAL, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Antonia Ratti
- Department of Neurology, Stroke Unit and Laboratory of Neuroscience, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Isabella Fogh
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Cinzia Gellera
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico 'Carlo Besta', Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lauria
- 3rd Neurology Unit, Motor Neuron Diseases Center, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico 'Carlo Besta', MIlan, Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Corti
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, 'Dino Ferrari' Center, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Neurology Unit, IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Cereda
- Genomic and Post-Genomic Center, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Daisy Sproviero
- Genomic and Post-Genomic Center, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Sandra D'Alfonso
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Gianni Sorarù
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Gabriele Siciliano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Filosto
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Padovani
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Adriano Chiò
- 'Rita Levi Montalcini' Department of Neuroscience, ALS Centre, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
- Neurologia 1, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| | - Andrea Calvo
- 'Rita Levi Montalcini' Department of Neuroscience, ALS Centre, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
- Neurologia 1, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| | - Cristina Moglia
- 'Rita Levi Montalcini' Department of Neuroscience, ALS Centre, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
- Neurologia 1, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| | - Maura Brunetti
- 'Rita Levi Montalcini' Department of Neuroscience, ALS Centre, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Antonio Canosa
- 'Rita Levi Montalcini' Department of Neuroscience, ALS Centre, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
- Neurologia 1, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| | - Maurizio Grassano
- 'Rita Levi Montalcini' Department of Neuroscience, ALS Centre, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Ettore Beghi
- Laboratory of Neurological Diseases, Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Pupillo
- Laboratory of Neurological Diseases, Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Logroscino
- Department of Clinical Research in Neurology, University of Bari at 'Pia Fondazione Card G. Panico' Hospital, Bari, Italy
| | - Beatrice Nefussy
- Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Alma Osmanovic
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Essener Zentrum für Seltene Erkrankungen (EZSE), University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Angelica Nordin
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Neurosciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Yossef Lerner
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- Department of Neurology, the Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Michal Zabari
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- Department of Neurology, the Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Marc Gotkine
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- Department of Neurology, the Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Robert H Baloh
- Center for Neural Science and Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Division, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shaughn Bell
- Center for Neural Science and Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Division, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Patrick Vourc'h
- Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, CHU de Tours, Tours, France
- UMR 1253, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France
| | - Philippe Corcia
- UMR 1253, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France
- Centre de référence sur la SLA, CHU de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Philippe Couratier
- Centre de référence sur la SLA, CHRU de Limoges, Limoges, France
- UMR 1094, Université de Limoges, Inserm, Limoges, France
| | - Stéphanie Millecamps
- ICM, Institut du Cerveau, Inserm, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | | | - François Salachas
- ICM, Institut du Cerveau, Inserm, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- Département de Neurologie, Centre de référence SLA Ile de France, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | | | - Abdelilah Assialioui
- Functional Unit of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (UFELA), Service of Neurology, Bellvitge University Hospital, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ricardo Rojas-García
- MND Clinic, Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau de Barcelona, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Patrick A Dion
- Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jay P Ross
- Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Jochen H Weishaupt
- Division of Neurodegeneration, Department of Neurology, University Medicine Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - David Brenner
- Division of Neurodegeneration, Department of Neurology, University Medicine Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Axel Freischmidt
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Gilbert Bensimon
- Département de Pharmacologie Clinique, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, UPMC Pharmacologie, AP-HP, Paris, France
- Pharmacologie Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Institut du Cerveau, Paris Brain Institute ICM, Paris, France
- Laboratoire de Biostatistique, Epidémiologie Clinique, Santé Publique Innovation et Méthodologie (BESPIM), CHU-Nîmes, Nîmes, France
| | - Alexis Brice
- Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, APHP, INSERM, CNRS, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Alexandra Durr
- Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, APHP, INSERM, CNRS, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Christine A M Payan
- Département de Pharmacologie Clinique, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, UPMC Pharmacologie, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | | | - Nicholas W Wood
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Simon Topp
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Rosa Rademakers
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Lukas Tittmann
- Popgen Biobank and Institute of Epidemiology, Christian Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Lieb
- Popgen Biobank and Institute of Epidemiology, Christian Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Stephan Ripke
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alice Braun
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia Kraft
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - David C Whiteman
- Cancer Control Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Catherine M Olsen
- Cancer Control Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Andre G Uitterlinden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Genetics Laboratory, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Albert Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marcella Rietschel
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sven Cichon
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, Bonn, Germany
- Division of Medical Genetics, University Hospital Basel and Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine INM-1, Research Center Juelich, Juelich, Germany
| | - Markus M Nöthen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Philippe Amouyel
- INSERM UMR1167-RID-AGE LabEx DISTALZ-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, University of Lille, Centre Hospitalier of the University of Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Bryan J Traynor
- Neuromuscular Diseases Research Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Porter Neuroscience Research Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andrew B Singleton
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Porter Neuroscience Research Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Ruben J Cauchi
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Biobanking and Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | - Roel A Ophoff
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Psychiatry, Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Martina Wiedau-Pazos
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Vivianna M van Deerlin
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Julian Grosskreutz
- Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- Precision Neurology Unit, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | | | - Nayana Gaur
- Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Alexander Jörk
- Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Tabea Barthel
- Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Erik Theele
- Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Benjamin Ilse
- Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Otto W Witte
- Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Robert Steinbach
- Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Caroline Graff
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lev Brylev
- Department of Neurology, Bujanov Moscow Clinical Hospital, Moscow, Russia
- Moscow Research and Clinical Center for Neuropsychiatry of the Healthcare Department, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Functional Biochemistry of the Nervous System, Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vera Fominykh
- Department of Neurology, Bujanov Moscow Clinical Hospital, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Functional Biochemistry of the Nervous System, Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vera Demeshonok
- ALS-Care Center, 'GAOORDI', Medical Clinic of the St. Petersburg, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anastasia Ataulina
- Department of Neurology, Bujanov Moscow Clinical Hospital, Moscow, Russia
| | - Boris Rogelj
- Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Biomedical Research Institute BRIS, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Blaž Koritnik
- Ljubljana ALS Centre, Institute of Clinical Neurophysiology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janez Zidar
- Ljubljana ALS Centre, Institute of Clinical Neurophysiology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Metka Ravnik-Glavač
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Damjan Glavač
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Zorica Stević
- Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vivian Drory
- Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Monica Povedano
- Functional Unit of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (UFELA), Service of Neurology, Bellvitge University Hospital, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ian P Blair
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Matthew C Kiernan
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Beben Benyamin
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Centre for Precision Health and Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Robert D Henderson
- Centre for Clinical Research, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sarah Furlong
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Susan Mathers
- Calvary Health Care Bethlehem, Parkdale, Victoria, Australia
| | - Pamela A McCombe
- Department of Neurology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Merrilee Needham
- Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Notre Dame University, Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Shyuan T Ngo
- Centre for Clinical Research, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Garth A Nicholson
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, New South Wales, Australia
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Concord, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Roger Pamphlett
- Discipline of Pathology and Department of Neuropathology, Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Dominic B Rowe
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Frederik J Steyn
- Department of Neurology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kelly L Williams
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Karen A Mather
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia Institute, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Perminder S Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Neuropsychiatric Institute, the Prince of Wales Hospital, UNSW, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anjali K Henders
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Leanne Wallace
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mamede de Carvalho
- Instituto de Fisiologia, Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Susana Pinto
- Instituto de Fisiologia, Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Susanne Petri
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Markus Weber
- Neuromuscular Diseases Unit/ALS Clinic, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Guy A Rouleau
- Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Vincenzo Silani
- Department of Neurology, Stroke Unit and Laboratory of Neuroscience, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, 'Dino Ferrari' Center, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Charles J Curtis
- Social Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, London, UK
- NIHR BioResource Centre Maudsley, NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust (SLaM) & Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, London, UK
| | - Gerome Breen
- Social Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, London, UK
- NIHR BioResource Centre Maudsley, NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust (SLaM) & Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jonathan D Glass
- Department Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Robert H Brown
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - John E Landers
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Christopher E Shaw
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Peter M Andersen
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Neurosciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ewout J N Groen
- Department of Neurology, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Michael A van Es
- Department of Neurology, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - R Jeroen Pasterkamp
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Dongsheng Fan
- Department of Neurology, Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Fleur C Garton
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Allan F McRae
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - George Davey Smith
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, Bristol, UK
| | - Tom R Gaunt
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Jonathan Mill
- University of Exeter Medical School, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Russell L McLaughlin
- Complex Trait Genomics Laboratory, Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Orla Hardiman
- Academic Unit of Neurology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kevin P Kenna
- Department of Neurology, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Naomi R Wray
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ellen Tsai
- Translational Biology, Biogen, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Heiko Runz
- Translational Biology, Biogen, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lude Franke
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ammar Al-Chalabi
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Philip Van Damme
- Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, VIB, Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Leonard H van den Berg
- Department of Neurology, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jan H Veldink
- Department of Neurology, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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Singh S, Shahi U, Aggarwal L, Choudhury S, Pal S, Pandey A. Feasibility of Interdigitation of Intracavitary High Dose Rate Brachytherapy for Locally Advanced Carcinoma Cervix in the Era of Concurrent Chemoradiation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.07.1655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Chowdhury M, Bardhan R, Pal S, Banerjee A, Batabyal K, Joardar S, Mandal G, Bandyopadhyay S, Dutta T, Sar T, Samanta I. Comparative occurrence of ESBL/AmpC beta‐lactamase‐producing
Escherichia coli
and
Salmonella
in contract farm and backyard broilers. Lett Appl Microbiol 2021; 74:53-62. [PMID: 34618368 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Chowdhury
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences Kolkata West Bengal India
| | - R. Bardhan
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences Kolkata West Bengal India
| | - S. Pal
- Department of Microbiology School of Life Sciences Pondicherry University Puducherry India
| | - Aparna Banerjee
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences Kolkata West Bengal India
| | - K. Batabyal
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences Kolkata West Bengal India
| | - S.N. Joardar
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences Kolkata West Bengal India
| | - G.P. Mandal
- Department of Animal Nutrition West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences Kolkata West Bengal India
| | - S. Bandyopadhyay
- ICAR‐Indian Veterinary Research Institute‐Eastern Regional Station Kolkata West Bengal India
| | - T.K. Dutta
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology Central Agricultural University Aizawl Mizoram India
| | - T.K. Sar
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences Kolkata West Bengal India
| | - I. Samanta
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences Kolkata West Bengal India
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De Icaza Valenzuela MM, Bak TH, Thompson HE, Colville S, Pal S, Abrahams S. Validation of The Edinburgh cognitive and behavioural ALS screen (ECAS) in behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2021; 36:1576-1587. [PMID: 33983668 DOI: 10.1002/gps.5566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The Edinburgh Cognitive and Behavioural ALS Screen (ECAS) was developed to assess cognitive and behavioural changes in an anterior frontotemporal syndrome (executive functions, language, fluency and behaviour), common in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) and also assesses posterior cerebral dysfunction (memory and visuospatial abilities). OBJECTIVES To validate the ECAS in behavioural variant Frontotemporal Dementia (bvFTD) without ALS, as compared with Alzheimer's disease (AD), against comprehensive neuropsychological assessment. Compare its sensitivity to that of the Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination (ACE-III) and investigate behavioural changes in both types of dementia. METHODS Retrospective study of 16 people with bvFTD (without ALS), 32 with AD, and 48 healthy controls completed the ECAS, ACE-III and extensive neuropsychological assessment. RESULTS The ECAS showed higher sensitivity (94%) and marginally lower specificity (96%) than the ACE-III for both the bvFTD and AD groups. The anterior composite subscore was sensitive for bvFTD (94%), and slightly less so for AD (84%), while the posterior composite subscore was sensitive for AD (97%), and less so for bvFTD (75%). All people with bvFTD that were impaired on the ECAS total and anterior composite scores were also impaired on the anterior function's tests of the neuropsychological assessment. A cut-off of four or more behavioural domains affected differentiated well between the bvFTD and AD groups, while a qualitative analysis of the behavioural interview found different themes between groups. CONCLUSIONS The ECAS is a valid and sensitive assessment for bvFTD without ALS and for AD. The carer behavioural interview makes it particularly suitable to detect behavioural abnormalities related to frontal lobe disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica M De Icaza Valenzuela
- Human Cognitive Neuroscience -Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Midlothian, United Kingdom.,Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Midlothian, United Kingdom.,Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas H Bak
- Human Cognitive Neuroscience -Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Midlothian, United Kingdom.,Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Midlothian, United Kingdom.,Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Harriet E Thompson
- Human Cognitive Neuroscience -Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Shuna Colville
- Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Midlothian, United Kingdom.,Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Midlothian, United Kingdom.,Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Suvankar Pal
- Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Midlothian, United Kingdom.,Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Midlothian, United Kingdom.,Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Sharon Abrahams
- Human Cognitive Neuroscience -Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Midlothian, United Kingdom.,Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Midlothian, United Kingdom.,Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Midlothian, United Kingdom
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Sardar S, Pal S, Mishra R. A randomized controlled trial of restricted versus standard fluid management in late preterm and term infants with transient tachypnea of the newborn. J Neonatal Perinatal Med 2021; 13:477-487. [PMID: 32444567 DOI: 10.3233/npm-190400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transient tachypnea of the newborn(TTNB) is the most common respiratory morbidity in late preterm and term babies and is pathophysiologically related to delayed lung fluid clearance after birth. Mimicking low physiological fluid intake in the initial period of life may accelerate the recovery from TTNB. In a randomized controlled trial, we compared the roles of restricted versus standard fluid management in babies with TTNB requiring respiratory support. METHODS This parallel group,non-blinded, stratified randomized controlled trial was conducted in a level III neonatal unit of eastern India. Late preterm and term babies with TTNB requiring continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) were randomly allocated to standard and restricted fluid arms for the first 72 hours (hrs). Primary outcome was CPAP duration. RESULTS In total, 100 babies were enrolled in this study with 50 babies in each arm. CPAP duration was significantly less in the restricted arm (48[42, 54] hrs vs 54[48,72] hrs, p = 0.002). However, no difference was observed in the incidence of CPAP failure between the two arms. In the subgroup analysis, the benefit of reduced CPAP duration persisted in late preterm but not in term infants. However, the effect was not significant in the late preterm babies exposed to antenatal steroid. CONCLUSION This trial demonstrated the safety and effectiveness of restrictive fluid strategy in reducing CPAP duration in late preterm and term babies with TTNB. Late preterm babies, especially those not exposed to antenatal steroid were the most benefitted by this strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sardar
- Department of Neonatology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education & Research, Kolkata, India
| | - S Pal
- Department of Neonatology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education & Research, Kolkata, India
| | - R Mishra
- Department of Physiology, Ananda Mohan College, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
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Adhikari P, Ajaj R, Alpízar-Venegas M, Amaudruz PA, Auty DJ, Batygov M, Beltran B, Benmansour H, Bina CE, Bonatt J, Bonivento W, Boulay MG, Broerman B, Bueno JF, Burghardt PM, Butcher A, Cadeddu M, Cai B, Cárdenas-Montes M, Cavuoti S, Chen M, Chen Y, Cleveland BT, Corning JM, Cranshaw D, Daugherty S, DelGobbo P, Dering K, DiGioseffo J, Di Stefano P, Doria L, Duncan FA, Dunford M, Ellingwood E, Erlandson A, Farahani SS, Fatemighomi N, Fiorillo G, Florian S, Flower T, Ford RJ, Gagnon R, Gallacher D, García Abia P, Garg S, Giampa P, Goeldi D, Golovko V, Gorel P, Graham K, Grant DR, Grobov A, Hallin AL, Hamstra M, Harvey PJ, Hearns C, Hugues T, Ilyasov A, Joy A, Jigmeddorj B, Jillings CJ, Kamaev O, Kaur G, Kemp A, Kochanek I, Kuźniak M, Lai M, Langrock S, Lehnert B, Leonhardt A, Levashko N, Li X, Lidgard J, Lindner T, Lissia M, Lock J, Longo G, Machulin I, McDonald AB, McElroy T, McGinn T, McLaughlin JB, Mehdiyev R, Mielnichuk C, Monroe J, Nadeau P, Nantais C, Ng C, Noble AJ, O’Dwyer E, Oliviéro G, Ouellet C, Pal S, Pasuthip P, Peeters SJM, Perry M, Pesudo V, Picciau E, Piro MC, Pollmann TR, Rand ET, Rethmeier C, Retière F, Rodríguez-García I, Roszkowski L, Ruhland JB, Sánchez-García E, Santorelli R, Sinclair D, Skensved P, Smith B, Smith NJT, Sonley T, Soukup J, Stainforth R, Stone C, Strickland V, Stringer M, Sur B, Tang J, Vázquez-Jáuregui E, Viel S, Walding J, Waqar M, Ward M, Westerdale S, Willis J, Zuñiga-Reyes A. Pulse-shape discrimination against low-energy Ar-39 beta decays in liquid argon with 4.5 tonne-years of DEAP-3600 data. Eur Phys J C Part Fields 2021; 81:823. [PMID: 34720726 PMCID: PMC8550104 DOI: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-021-09514-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The DEAP-3600 detector searches for the scintillation signal from dark matter particles scattering on a 3.3 tonne liquid argon target. The largest background comes from 39 Ar beta decays and is suppressed using pulse-shape discrimination (PSD). We use two types of PSD estimator: the prompt-fraction, which considers the fraction of the scintillation signal in a narrow and a wide time window around the event peak, and the log-likelihood-ratio, which compares the observed photon arrival times to a signal and a background model. We furthermore use two algorithms to determine the number of photons detected at a given time: (1) simply dividing the charge of each PMT pulse by the mean single-photoelectron charge, and (2) a likelihood analysis that considers the probability to detect a certain number of photons at a given time, based on a model for the scintillation pulse shape and for afterpulsing in the light detectors. The prompt-fraction performs approximately as well as the log-likelihood-ratio PSD algorithm if the photon detection times are not biased by detector effects. We explain this result using a model for the information carried by scintillation photons as a function of the time when they are detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Adhikari
- Department of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6 Canada
| | - R. Ajaj
- Department of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6 Canada
- Arthur B. McDonald Canadian Astroparticle Physics Research Institute, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6 Canada
| | - M. Alpízar-Venegas
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, A. P. 20-364, 01000 Mexico, D.F. Mexico
| | | | - D. J. Auty
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3 Canada
- Arthur B. McDonald Canadian Astroparticle Physics Research Institute, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6 Canada
| | - M. Batygov
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6 Canada
| | - B. Beltran
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3 Canada
| | - H. Benmansour
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics and Astronomy, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6 Canada
| | - C. E. Bina
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3 Canada
- Arthur B. McDonald Canadian Astroparticle Physics Research Institute, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6 Canada
| | - J. Bonatt
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics and Astronomy, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6 Canada
| | | | - M. G. Boulay
- Department of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6 Canada
| | - B. Broerman
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics and Astronomy, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6 Canada
| | - J. F. Bueno
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3 Canada
| | - P. M. Burghardt
- Department of Physics, Technische Universität München, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | - A. Butcher
- Royal Holloway University London, Egham Hill, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX UK
| | | | - B. Cai
- Department of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6 Canada
- Arthur B. McDonald Canadian Astroparticle Physics Research Institute, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6 Canada
| | - M. Cárdenas-Montes
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - S. Cavuoti
- Physics Department, Università degli Studi “Federico II” di Napoli, 80126 Naples, Italy
- INFN Napoli, 80126 Naples, Italy
- INAF-Astronomical Observatory of Capodimonte, Salita Moiariello 16, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - M. Chen
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics and Astronomy, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6 Canada
| | - Y. Chen
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3 Canada
| | - B. T. Cleveland
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6 Canada
- SNOLAB, Lively, ON P3Y 1M3 Canada
| | - J. M. Corning
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics and Astronomy, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6 Canada
| | - D. Cranshaw
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics and Astronomy, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6 Canada
| | - S. Daugherty
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6 Canada
| | - P. DelGobbo
- Department of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6 Canada
- Arthur B. McDonald Canadian Astroparticle Physics Research Institute, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6 Canada
| | - K. Dering
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics and Astronomy, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6 Canada
| | - J. DiGioseffo
- Department of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6 Canada
| | - P. Di Stefano
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics and Astronomy, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6 Canada
| | - L. Doria
- PRISMA+ Cluster of Excellence and Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | | | - M. Dunford
- Department of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6 Canada
| | - E. Ellingwood
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics and Astronomy, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6 Canada
| | - A. Erlandson
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories Ltd, Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0 Canada
- Department of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6 Canada
| | - S. S. Farahani
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3 Canada
| | | | - G. Fiorillo
- Physics Department, Università degli Studi “Federico II” di Napoli, 80126 Naples, Italy
- INFN Napoli, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - S. Florian
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics and Astronomy, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6 Canada
| | - T. Flower
- Department of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6 Canada
| | - R. J. Ford
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6 Canada
- SNOLAB, Lively, ON P3Y 1M3 Canada
| | - R. Gagnon
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics and Astronomy, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6 Canada
| | - D. Gallacher
- Department of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6 Canada
| | - P. García Abia
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - S. Garg
- Department of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6 Canada
| | - P. Giampa
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3 Canada
| | - D. Goeldi
- Department of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6 Canada
- Arthur B. McDonald Canadian Astroparticle Physics Research Institute, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6 Canada
| | - V. Golovko
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories Ltd, Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0 Canada
| | - P. Gorel
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6 Canada
- SNOLAB, Lively, ON P3Y 1M3 Canada
- Arthur B. McDonald Canadian Astroparticle Physics Research Institute, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6 Canada
| | - K. Graham
- Department of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6 Canada
| | - D. R. Grant
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3 Canada
| | - A. Grobov
- National Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, 123182 Russia
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow, 115409 Russia
| | - A. L. Hallin
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3 Canada
| | - M. Hamstra
- Department of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6 Canada
| | - P. J. Harvey
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics and Astronomy, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6 Canada
| | - C. Hearns
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics and Astronomy, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6 Canada
| | - T. Hugues
- AstroCeNT, Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, Rektorska 4, 00-614 Warsaw, Poland
| | - A. Ilyasov
- National Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, 123182 Russia
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow, 115409 Russia
| | - A. Joy
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3 Canada
- Arthur B. McDonald Canadian Astroparticle Physics Research Institute, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6 Canada
| | - B. Jigmeddorj
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories Ltd, Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0 Canada
| | - C. J. Jillings
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6 Canada
- SNOLAB, Lively, ON P3Y 1M3 Canada
| | - O. Kamaev
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories Ltd, Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0 Canada
| | - G. Kaur
- Department of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6 Canada
| | - A. Kemp
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics and Astronomy, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6 Canada
- Royal Holloway University London, Egham Hill, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX UK
| | - I. Kochanek
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, 67100 Assergi, AQ Italy
| | - M. Kuźniak
- AstroCeNT, Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, Rektorska 4, 00-614 Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6 Canada
- Arthur B. McDonald Canadian Astroparticle Physics Research Institute, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6 Canada
| | - M. Lai
- Physics Department, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy
- INFN Cagliari, Cagliari, 09042 Italy
| | - S. Langrock
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6 Canada
- Arthur B. McDonald Canadian Astroparticle Physics Research Institute, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6 Canada
| | - B. Lehnert
- Department of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6 Canada
- Present Address: Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - A. Leonhardt
- Department of Physics, Technische Universität München, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | - N. Levashko
- National Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, 123182 Russia
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow, 115409 Russia
| | - X. Li
- Physics Department, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA
| | - J. Lidgard
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics and Astronomy, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6 Canada
| | | | - M. Lissia
- INFN Cagliari, Cagliari, 09042 Italy
| | - J. Lock
- Department of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6 Canada
| | - G. Longo
- Physics Department, Università degli Studi “Federico II” di Napoli, 80126 Naples, Italy
- INFN Napoli, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - I. Machulin
- National Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, 123182 Russia
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow, 115409 Russia
| | - A. B. McDonald
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics and Astronomy, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6 Canada
| | - T. McElroy
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3 Canada
| | - T. McGinn
- Department of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6 Canada
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics and Astronomy, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6 Canada
| | - J. B. McLaughlin
- Royal Holloway University London, Egham Hill, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX UK
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3 Canada
| | - R. Mehdiyev
- Department of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6 Canada
| | - C. Mielnichuk
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3 Canada
| | - J. Monroe
- Royal Holloway University London, Egham Hill, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX UK
| | - P. Nadeau
- Department of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6 Canada
| | - C. Nantais
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics and Astronomy, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6 Canada
| | - C. Ng
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3 Canada
| | - A. J. Noble
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics and Astronomy, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6 Canada
| | - E. O’Dwyer
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics and Astronomy, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6 Canada
| | - G. Oliviéro
- Department of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6 Canada
- Arthur B. McDonald Canadian Astroparticle Physics Research Institute, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6 Canada
| | - C. Ouellet
- Department of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6 Canada
| | - S. Pal
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3 Canada
- Arthur B. McDonald Canadian Astroparticle Physics Research Institute, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6 Canada
| | - P. Pasuthip
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics and Astronomy, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6 Canada
| | - S. J. M. Peeters
- University of Sussex, Sussex House, Brighton, East Sussex BN1 9RH UK
| | - M. Perry
- Department of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6 Canada
| | - V. Pesudo
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - E. Picciau
- Physics Department, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy
- INFN Cagliari, Cagliari, 09042 Italy
| | - M.-C. Piro
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3 Canada
- Arthur B. McDonald Canadian Astroparticle Physics Research Institute, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6 Canada
| | - T. R. Pollmann
- Department of Physics, Technische Universität München, 80333 Munich, Germany
- Present Address: Nikhef and the University of Amsterdam, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E. T. Rand
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories Ltd, Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0 Canada
| | - C. Rethmeier
- Department of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6 Canada
| | | | - I. Rodríguez-García
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - L. Roszkowski
- AstroCeNT, Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, Rektorska 4, 00-614 Warsaw, Poland
- BP2, National Centre for Nuclear Research, ul. Pasteura 7, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - J. B. Ruhland
- Department of Physics, Technische Universität München, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | - E. Sánchez-García
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - R. Santorelli
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - D. Sinclair
- Department of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6 Canada
| | - P. Skensved
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics and Astronomy, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6 Canada
| | - B. Smith
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3 Canada
| | - N. J. T. Smith
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6 Canada
- SNOLAB, Lively, ON P3Y 1M3 Canada
| | - T. Sonley
- SNOLAB, Lively, ON P3Y 1M3 Canada
- Arthur B. McDonald Canadian Astroparticle Physics Research Institute, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6 Canada
| | - J. Soukup
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3 Canada
| | - R. Stainforth
- Department of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6 Canada
| | - C. Stone
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics and Astronomy, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6 Canada
| | - V. Strickland
- Department of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6 Canada
| | - M. Stringer
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics and Astronomy, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6 Canada
- Arthur B. McDonald Canadian Astroparticle Physics Research Institute, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6 Canada
| | - B. Sur
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories Ltd, Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0 Canada
| | - J. Tang
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3 Canada
| | - E. Vázquez-Jáuregui
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6 Canada
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, A. P. 20-364, 01000 Mexico, D.F. Mexico
| | - S. Viel
- Department of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6 Canada
- Arthur B. McDonald Canadian Astroparticle Physics Research Institute, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6 Canada
| | - J. Walding
- Royal Holloway University London, Egham Hill, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX UK
| | - M. Waqar
- Department of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6 Canada
- Arthur B. McDonald Canadian Astroparticle Physics Research Institute, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6 Canada
| | - M. Ward
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics and Astronomy, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6 Canada
| | - S. Westerdale
- Department of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6 Canada
- INFN Cagliari, Cagliari, 09042 Italy
| | - J. Willis
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3 Canada
| | - A. Zuñiga-Reyes
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, A. P. 20-364, 01000 Mexico, D.F. Mexico
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Choueiri TK, Larkin J, Pal S, Motzer RJ, Rini BI, Venugopal B, Alekseev B, Miyake H, Gravis G, Bilen MA, Hariharan S, Chudnovsky A, Ching KA, Mu XJ, Mariani M, Robbins PB, Huang B, di Pietro A, Albiges L. Erratum to 'Efficacy and correlative analyses of avelumab plus axitinib versus sunitinib in sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma: post hoc analysis of a randomized clinical trial': [ESMO Open Volume 6, Issue 3, June 2021, 100101]. ESMO Open 2021; 6:100177. [PMID: 34474809 PMCID: PMC8411062 DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2021.100177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- T K Choueiri
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Lank Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, USA.
| | - J Larkin
- Renal and Skin Units, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Chelsea, London, UK
| | - S Pal
- Department of Medical Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, USA
| | - R J Motzer
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - B I Rini
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA
| | - B Venugopal
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - B Alekseev
- P. Hertsen Moscow Oncology Research Institute, Moscow, Russia
| | - H Miyake
- Department of Urology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - G Gravis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, CNRS, CRCM, Marseille, France
| | - M A Bilen
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, USA
| | | | | | - K A Ching
- Computational Biology, Pfizer, San Diego, USA
| | - X J Mu
- Computational Biology, Pfizer, San Diego, USA
| | - M Mariani
- Immuno-Oncology, Pfizer, Milan, Lombardia, Italy
| | - P B Robbins
- Translational Oncology, Pfizer, San Diego, USA
| | - B Huang
- Biostatistics, Pfizer, Groton, USA
| | - A di Pietro
- Immuno-Oncology, Pfizer, Milan, Lombardia, Italy
| | - L Albiges
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
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Radakovic R, Colville S, Cranley D, Starr JM, Pal S, Abrahams S. Multidimensional Apathy in Behavioral Variant Frontotemporal Dementia, Primary Progressive Aphasia, and Alzheimer Disease. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 2021; 34:349-356. [PMID: 32410488 PMCID: PMC8326892 DOI: 10.1177/0891988720924716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Apathy is prevalent in dementia, such as behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD), primary progressive aphasia (PPA), and Alzheimer disease (AD). As a multidimensional construct, it can be assessed and subsumed under a Dimensional Apathy Framework. A consistent apathy profile in bvFTD and PPA has yet to be established. The aim was to explore apathy profiles and awareness in bvFTD, PPA, and AD. A total of 12 patients with bvFTD, 12 patients with PPA, 28 patients with AD, and 20 matched controls, as well as their informants/carers, were recruited. All participants completed the Dimensional Apathy Scale (DAS), assessing executive, emotional, and initiation apathy subtypes, a 1-dimensional apathy measure, depression measure, and functional and cognitive screens. Apathy subtype awareness was determined through DAS informant/carer and self-rating discrepancy. Apathy profile comparison showed patients with bvFTD had significantly higher emotional apathy than patients with AD (P < .01) and significantly higher apathy over all subtypes than patients with PPA (Ps < .05). Additionally, patients with bvFTD had significantly lower awareness for emotional apathy (P < .01) when compared to patients with AD and PPA. All patient groups had significant global apathy over all subtypes compared to controls. The emergent apathy profile for bvFTD seems to be emotional apathy (indifference or emotional/affective neutrality), with lower self-awareness in this subtype. Further, lower self-awareness for executive apathy (lack of motivation for planning, organization, or attention) differentiates bvFTD from PPA. Future research should investigate the cognitive and neural correlates as well as the practical impact of apathy subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratko Radakovic
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom,Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom,Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom,Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom,Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom,Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom,Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom,Ratko Radakovic, University of East Anglia Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom. Emails: ;
| | - Shuna Colville
- Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom,Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Denise Cranley
- Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom,Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - John M. Starr
- Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom,Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom,Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom,Deceased
| | - Suvankar Pal
- Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom,Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom,Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Sharon Abrahams
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom,Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom,Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom,Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Arora S, Sharma A, Pramanik R, Raina V, Deo S, Kumar S, Shukla N, Pal S, Dash N, Pathy S, Mohanty B. 1395P Impact of delay in adjuvant chemotherapy on survival in resected gastric cancer: Real world data from India. Ann Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.08.1504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Pal S, Maity S, Balachandran S, Chaudhury S. "In-vitro Effects of Chlorpyrifos and Monocrotophos on the Activity of Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in Different Tissues of Apple Snail Pila globosa (Swainson, 1822)". NEPT 2021. [DOI: 10.46488/nept.2021.v20i03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of two organophosphorus insecticides [Chlorpyrifos (CPF) and Monocrotophos (MCP)] on non-target wild natural gastropod, Pila globosa (apple snail) from the paddy fields was studied. The activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was monitored on foot-muscle and hepatopancreas tissues of control and exposed snails. In the foot- muscle AChE inhibition progressed and reached 54.19% and 63.13% of the control, whereas, the AChE inhibition in the hepatopancreas reached 46.96% and 53.67% over control after 48 hours of exposure to 1.5 mL.L-1 and 2.5 mL.L-1 CPF respectively. After 48 hours of MCP exposure at 1.5 mL.L-1 and 2.5 mL.L-1 separately, the AChE inhibition of foot muscle was 49.07% and 57.59% respectively while in hepatopancreas it was 44.65% and 48.84% respectively. Our results show more inhibition of AChE activities on the foot-muscle than hepatopancreas in a concentration and time-dependent manner with greater severity by CPF in comparison to MCP. AChE inhibition increased with the increasing exposure time.
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Beswick E, Forbes D, Hassan Z, Wong C, Chandran S, Newton J, Carson A, Abrahams S, Pal S. #3080 A systematic review of extra-motor symptom evaluation in clinical trials for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2021. [DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2021-bnpa.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is increasingly recognised as a multi-system disorder, presenting with extra-motor symptoms which arise secondary to motor degeneration or are indicative of wider pathophysiology. Extra-motor symptoms such as cognitive impairment, behavioural change, neuropsychiatric symptoms, sleep disturbances, fatigue, sialorrhea, and pain are common in, and impactful upon, people with ALS.Aim/HypothesisWe aimed to systematically review historical clinical trials in ALS to identify if extra-motor features of ALS were explored as outcome measures and if so describe the tools used. We hypothesise that assessment of extra-motor symptoms has been largely neglected in trial design and that where evaluated, it has been with assessment tools which are not designed to evaluate these symptoms in people with ALS.MethodsWe reviewed clinical trials of investigative medicinal products in ALS, since the licensing of riluzole. Trial registry databases including WHO International Trials Registry, European Clinical Trials Register, clinicaltrials.gov, and PubMed were systematically searched for Phase II, III or IV trials registered, completed or published between 01/01/1994 and 16/09/2020. No language restrictions were applied. We evaluated the use of assessment tools to investigate extra-motor symptom as outcome measures.Results237 clinical trials were included in this review for use of outcome measures. These trials evaluated cognitive impairment (16 trials, 6.8%), behavioural change (38, 16%), neuropsychiatric symptoms (75, 32%), sleep disturbances (12, 5%), fatigue (18), 8%, saliva (182, 77%) and pain (55, 23%). 29 trials (12%) did not include any assessment of extra-motor symptoms. 51 versions or combinations of assessment tools were utilised in these trials. The most commonly used primary outcome measure in ALS trials, the ALS-FRS(R), is a physical functioning assessment with one sub-domain item assessing saliva. The ALS-FRS accounted for the full number of trials assessing saliva in this review. 6 instruments used were ALS-specific (designed and validated specifically for people with ALS), 14 were symptom-specific, 4 were both, and 9 were generic (evaluated the symptom within a general measure, eg QoL).ConclusionsExtra-motor symptoms have been under-evaluated in trials for people with ALS. Where evaluated, this has been primarily using assessment tools which are not specific to ALS or the extra-motor symptom, which may affect the validity of conclusions drawn regarding the impact of candidate drugs.
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