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Qu J, Xiao P, Zhao ZQ, Wang YL, Zeng YK, Zeng X, Liu JH. Genome-wide identification, expression analysis of WRKY transcription factors in Citrus ichangensis and functional validation of CiWRKY31 in response to cold stress. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:617. [PMID: 38937686 PMCID: PMC11212357 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05320-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ichang papeda (Citrus ichangensis), a wild perennial plant of the Rutaceae family, is a cold-hardy plant. WRKY transcription factors are crucial regulators of plant growth and development as well as abiotic stress responses. However, the WRKY genes in C. ichangensis (CiWRKY) and their expression patterns under cold stress have not been thoroughly investigated, hindering our understanding of their role in cold tolerance. RESULTS In this study, a total of 52 CiWRKY genes identified in the genome of C. ichangensis were classified into three main groups and five subgroups based on phylogenetic analysis. Comprehensive analyses of motif features, conserved domains, and gene structures were performed. Segmental duplication plays a significant role in the CiWRKY gene family expansion. Cis-acting element analysis revealed the presence of various stress-responsive elements in the promoters of the majority of CiWRKYs. Gene ontology (GO) analysis and protein-protein interaction predictions indicate that the CiWRKYs exhibit crucial roles in regulation of both development and stress response. Expression profiling analysis demonstrates that 14 CiWRKYs were substantially induced under cold stress. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) assay confirmed that CiWRKY31, one of the cold-induced WRKYs, functions positively in regulation of cold tolerance. CONCLUSION Sequence and protein properties of CiWRKYs were systematically analyzed. Among the 52 CiWRKY genes 14 members exhibited cold-responsive expression patterns, and CiWRKY31 was verified to be a positive regulator of cold tolerance. These findings pave way for future investigations to understand the molecular functions of CiWRKYs in cold tolerance and contribute to unravelling WRKYs that may be used for engineering cold tolerance in citrus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Qu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Peng Xiao
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ze-Qi Zhao
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yi-Lei Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yi-Ke Zeng
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xi Zeng
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ji-Hong Liu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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Ranjan A, Raj S, Soni KK, Verma V. Insights into the role of SUMO in regulating drought stress responses in pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan). PLANT CELL REPORTS 2024; 43:129. [PMID: 38652319 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-024-03205-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE We have identified and analyzed 28 SUMO-pathway proteins from pigeonpea. Enhanced transcripts of pathway genes and increased SUMO conjugation under drought signifies the role of SUMO in regulating stress. Being a protein-rich and nutrient-dense legume crop, pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) holds a vital position in a vegetarian meal. It is a resilient crop capable of striving in harsh climates and provides a means of subsistence to small-holding farmers. Nevertheless, extremes of water scarcity and drought conditions, especially during seedling and reproductive stages, remains a major issue severely impacting the growth and overall productivity of pigeonpea. Small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO), a post-translational modification system, plays a pivotal role in fortifying plants against stressful conditions by rapid reprogramming of molecular events. In this study, we have scanned the entire pigeonpea genome and identified 28 candidates corresponding to SUMO machinery components of pigeonpea. qRT-PCR analysis of different SUMO machinery genes validated their presence under natural conditions. The analysis of the promoters of identified SUMO machinery genes revealed the presence of abiotic stress-related cis-regulatory elements highlighting the potential involvement of the genes in abiotic stress responses. The transcript level analysis of selected SUMO machinery genes and global SUMO status of pigeonpea proteins in response to drought stress suggests an integral role of SUMO in regulating drought stress conditions in pigeonpea. Collectively, the work puts forward a detailed in silico analysis of pigeonpea SUMO machinery candidates and highlights the essential role of SUMOylation in drought stress responses. Being the first report on a pulse crop, the study will serve as a resource for devising strategies for counteracting drought stress in pigeonpea that can be further extended to other pulse crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aastha Ranjan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Kishangarh, Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305817, India
| | - Shiloo Raj
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Kishangarh, Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305817, India
| | - Kamlesh Kumar Soni
- Department of Biotechnology, AKS University, Satna, Madhya Pradesh, 485001, India
| | - Vivek Verma
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Kishangarh, Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305817, India.
- Plant Biotechnology Division, Gujarat Biotechnology University, Near GIFT City, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India.
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Shu P, Li Y, Sheng J, Shen L. Tomato SlMAPK3 Modulates Cold Resistance by Regulating the Synthesis of Raffinose and the Expression of SlWRKY46. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:5185-5196. [PMID: 38427575 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c09066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades and raffinose have been observed to increase in plants exposed to cold. However, it remains elusive whether and how MAPK regulates raffinose synthesis under cold stress. Here, overexpression of SlMAPK3 promoted the accumulation of galactinol and raffinose under cold stress, while CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutants showed the opposite results. Moreover, SlMAPK3 promoted the expression of SlWRKY46 at low temperatures and interacted with SlWRKY46 protein. Overexpression of SlWRKY46 enhanced cold resistance. Furthermore, SlWRKY46 directly bound to the promoter of SlGols1 to enhance its expression and promoted the accumulation of raffinose. Virus-induced gene-silencing (VIGS)-mediated knockdown of SlGols1 remarkably elevated cold sensitivity and reduced raffinose content. Meanwhile, exogenous supplementation of raffinose could improve the cold tolerance of tomato plants. Thus, our data indicates that SlMAPK3 modulates cold resistance by regulating raffinose content and SlWRKY46 expression. SlWRKY46 also promotes the accumulation of raffinose by inducing the expression of SlGols1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Shu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yujing Li
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jiping Sheng
- School of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Lin Shen
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
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Mukkawar V, Roy D, Sue-ob K, Jones A, Zhang C, Kumar Bhagat P, Kakkunnath SM, Heuer S, Sadanandom A. SUMOylation of OsPSTOL1 is essential for regulating phosphate starvation responses in rice and Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1274610. [PMID: 38516661 PMCID: PMC10954814 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1274610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Although rice is one of the main sources of calories for most of the world, nearly 60% of rice is grown in soils that are low in phosphorus especially in Asia and Africa. Given the limitations of bioavailable inorganic phosphate (Pi) in soils, it is important to develop crops tolerant to low phosphate in order to boost food security. Due to the immobile nature of Pi, plants have developed complex molecular signalling pathways that allow them to discern changes in Pi concentrations in the environment and adapt their growth and development. Recently, in rice, it was shown that a specific serine-threonine kinase known as Phosphorus-starvation tolerance 1 (PSTOL1) is important for conferring low phosphate tolerance in rice. Nonetheless, knowledge about the mechanism underpinning PSTOL1 activity in conferring low Pi tolerance is very limited in rice. Post-translation modifications (PTMs) play an important role in plants in providing a conduit to detect changes in the environment and influence molecular signalling pathways to adapt growth and development. In recent years, the PTM SUMOylation has been shown to be critical for plant growth and development. It is known that plants experience hyperSUMOylation of target proteins during phosphate starvation. Here, we demonstrate that PSTOL1 is SUMOylated in planta, and this affects its phosphorylation activity. Furthermore, we also provide new evidence for the role of SUMOylation in regulating PSTOL1 activity in plant responses to Pi starvation in rice and Arabidopsis. Our data indicated that overexpression of the non-SUMOylatable version of OsPSTOL1 negatively impacts total root length and total root surface area of rice grown under low Pi. Interestingly, our data also showed that overexpression of OsPSTOL1 in a non-cereal species, Arabidopsis, also positively impacts overall plant growth under low Pi by modulating root development. Taken together our data provide new evidence for the role of PSTOL1 SUMOylation in mediating enhanced root development for tolerating phosphate-limiting conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dipan Roy
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
| | - Kawinnat Sue-ob
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Systems Biology, Institute of System, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Jones
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Systems Biology, Institute of System, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Cunjin Zhang
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Sigrid Heuer
- Department of Crop Science, Cambridge Discovery LTD, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ari Sadanandom
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
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Fan Z, Zhao B, Lai R, Wu H, Jia L, Zhao X, Luo J, Huang Y, Chen Y, Lin Y, Lai Z. Genome-Wide Identification of the MPK Gene Family and Expression Analysis under Low-Temperature Stress in the Banana. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2926. [PMID: 37631138 PMCID: PMC10460080 DOI: 10.3390/plants12162926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs and MPKs) are important in the process of resisting plant stress. In this study, 21, 12, 18, 16, and 10 MPKs were identified from Musa acuminata, Musa balbisiana, Musa itinerans, Musa schizocarpa, and Musa textilis, respectively. These MPKs were divided into Group A, B, C, and D. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that this difference in number was due to the gene shrinkage of the Group B subfamily of Musa balbisiana and Musa textilis. KEGG annotations revealed that K14512, which is involved in plant hormone signal transduction and the plant-pathogen interaction, was the most conserved pathway of the MPKs. The results of promoter cis-acting element prediction and focTR4 (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense tropical race 4) transcriptome expression analysis preliminarily confirmed that MPKs were relevant to plant hormone and biotic stress, respectively. The expression of MPKs in Group A was significantly upregulated at 4 °C, and dramatically, the MPKs in the root were affected by low temperature. miR172, miR319, miR395, miR398, and miR399 may be the miRNAs that regulate MPKs during low-temperature stress, with miR172 being the most critical. miRNA prediction and qRT-PCR results indicated that miR172 may negatively regulate MPKs. Therefore, we deduced that MPKs might coordinate with miR172 to participate in the process of the resistance to low-temperature stress in the roots of the banana. This study will provide a theoretical basis for further analysis of the mechanism of MPKs under low-temperature stress of bananas, and this study could be applied to molecular breeding of bananas in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyang Fan
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Z.F.); (B.Z.); (R.L.); (H.W.); (L.J.); (X.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.H.); (Y.C.); (Y.L.)
| | - Bianbian Zhao
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Z.F.); (B.Z.); (R.L.); (H.W.); (L.J.); (X.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.H.); (Y.C.); (Y.L.)
| | - Ruilian Lai
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Z.F.); (B.Z.); (R.L.); (H.W.); (L.J.); (X.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.H.); (Y.C.); (Y.L.)
- Fruit Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, China
| | - Huan Wu
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Z.F.); (B.Z.); (R.L.); (H.W.); (L.J.); (X.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.H.); (Y.C.); (Y.L.)
| | - Liang Jia
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Z.F.); (B.Z.); (R.L.); (H.W.); (L.J.); (X.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.H.); (Y.C.); (Y.L.)
| | - Xiaobing Zhao
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Z.F.); (B.Z.); (R.L.); (H.W.); (L.J.); (X.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.H.); (Y.C.); (Y.L.)
| | - Jie Luo
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Z.F.); (B.Z.); (R.L.); (H.W.); (L.J.); (X.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.H.); (Y.C.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yuji Huang
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Z.F.); (B.Z.); (R.L.); (H.W.); (L.J.); (X.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.H.); (Y.C.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yukun Chen
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Z.F.); (B.Z.); (R.L.); (H.W.); (L.J.); (X.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.H.); (Y.C.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yuling Lin
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Z.F.); (B.Z.); (R.L.); (H.W.); (L.J.); (X.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.H.); (Y.C.); (Y.L.)
| | - Zhongxiong Lai
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Z.F.); (B.Z.); (R.L.); (H.W.); (L.J.); (X.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.H.); (Y.C.); (Y.L.)
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Liao X, Sun J, Li Q, Ding W, Zhao B, Wang B, Zhou S, Wang H. ZmSIZ1a and ZmSIZ1b play an indispensable role in resistance against Fusarium ear rot in maize. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2023; 24:711-724. [PMID: 36683566 PMCID: PMC10257050 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium ear rot (FER) is a destructive fungal disease of maize caused by Fusarium verticillioides. FER resistance is a typical complex quantitative trait controlled by micro-effect genes, leading to difficulty in identifying the host resistance genes. SIZ1 encodes a SUMO E3 ligase regulating a wide range of plant developmental processes and stress responses. However, the function of ZmSIZ1 remains poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrate that ZmSIZ1a and ZmSIZ1b possess SUMO E3 ligase activity, and that the Zmsiz1a/1b double mutant, but not the Zmsiz1a or Zmsiz1b single mutants, exhibits severely impaired resistance to FER. Transcriptome analysis showed that differentially expressed genes were significantly enriched in plant disease resistance-related pathways, especially in plant-pathogen interaction, MAPK signalling, and plant hormone signal transduction. Thirty-five candidate genes were identified in these pathways. Furthermore, the integration of the transcriptome and metabolome data revealed that the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway was induced by F. verticillioides infection, and that accumulation of flavone and flavonol was significantly reduced in the Zmsiz1a/1b double mutant. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that ZmSIZ1a and ZmSIZ1b play a redundant, but indispensable role against FER, and provide potential new gene resources for molecular breeding of FER-resistant maize cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyang Liao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐Bioresources, College of Life SciencesSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- College of AgronomySichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Juan Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐Bioresources, College of Life SciencesSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Quanquan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of AgronomyShandong Agricultural UniversityTai'anChina
| | - Wenyan Ding
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐Bioresources, College of Life SciencesSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Binbin Zhao
- Biotechnology Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Baobao Wang
- Biotechnology Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed LabSanyaChina
- National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya)Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesSanyaChina
| | - Shaoqun Zhou
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsAgricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesShenzhenChina
| | - Haiyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐Bioresources, College of Life SciencesSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed LabSanyaChina
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern AgricultureGuangzhouChina
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Yin L, Zander M, Huang SSC, Xie M, Song L, Saldierna Guzmán JP, Hann E, Shanbhag BK, Ng S, Jain S, Janssen BJ, Clark NM, Walley JW, Beddoe T, Bar-Joseph Z, Lewsey MG, Ecker JR. Transcription Factor Dynamics in Cross-Regulation of Plant Hormone Signaling Pathways. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.07.531630. [PMID: 36945593 PMCID: PMC10028877 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.07.531630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Cross-regulation between hormone signaling pathways is indispensable for plant growth and development. However, the molecular mechanisms by which multiple hormones interact and co-ordinate activity need to be understood. Here, we generated a cross-regulation network explaining how hormone signals are integrated from multiple pathways in etiolated Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seedlings. To do so we comprehensively characterized transcription factor activity during plant hormone responses and reconstructed dynamic transcriptional regulatory models for six hormones; abscisic acid, brassinosteroid, ethylene, jasmonic acid, salicylic acid and strigolactone/karrikin. These models incorporated target data for hundreds of transcription factors and thousands of protein-protein interactions. Each hormone recruited different combinations of transcription factors, a subset of which were shared between hormones. Hub target genes existed within hormone transcriptional networks, exhibiting transcription factor activity themselves. In addition, a group of MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASES (MPKs) were identified as potential key points of cross-regulation between multiple hormones. Accordingly, the loss of function of one of these (MPK6) disrupted the global proteome, phosphoproteome and transcriptome during hormone responses. Lastly, we determined that all hormones drive substantial alternative splicing that has distinct effects on the transcriptome compared with differential gene expression, acting in early hormone responses. These results provide a comprehensive understanding of the common features of plant transcriptional regulatory pathways and how cross-regulation between hormones acts upon gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Yin
- La Trobe Institute for Agriculture and Food, Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, School of Agriculture Biomedicine and Environment, AgriBio Building, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
- Australian Research Council Industrial Transformation Research Hub for Medicinal Agriculture, AgriBio Building, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Mark Zander
- Plant Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Present address: Waksman Institute of Microbiology, Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Shao-shan Carol Huang
- Plant Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Present address: Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Mingtang Xie
- Plant Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Present address: Cibus, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Liang Song
- Plant Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Present address: Department of Botany, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - J. Paola Saldierna Guzmán
- Plant Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Present address: Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Elizabeth Hann
- Plant Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Present address: Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Bhuvana K. Shanbhag
- La Trobe Institute for Agriculture and Food, Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, School of Agriculture Biomedicine and Environment, AgriBio Building, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
- Australian Research Council Industrial Transformation Research Hub for Medicinal Agriculture, AgriBio Building, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Sophia Ng
- La Trobe Institute for Agriculture and Food, Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, School of Agriculture Biomedicine and Environment, AgriBio Building, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
- Australian Research Council Industrial Transformation Research Hub for Medicinal Agriculture, AgriBio Building, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Siddhartha Jain
- Computational Biology Department, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Bart J. Janssen
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Natalie M. Clark
- Proteomics Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142 USA
- Department of Plant Pathology, Entomology, and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011 USA
| | - Justin W. Walley
- Department of Plant Pathology, Entomology, and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011 USA
| | - Travis Beddoe
- La Trobe Institute for Agriculture and Food, Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, School of Agriculture Biomedicine and Environment, AgriBio Building, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
- Australian Research Council Industrial Transformation Research Hub for Medicinal Agriculture, AgriBio Building, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Ziv Bar-Joseph
- Computational Biology Department, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Mathew G. Lewsey
- La Trobe Institute for Agriculture and Food, Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, School of Agriculture Biomedicine and Environment, AgriBio Building, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
- Australian Research Council Industrial Transformation Research Hub for Medicinal Agriculture, AgriBio Building, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plants For Space, AgriBio Building, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Joseph R. Ecker
- Plant Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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Abstract
Heat stress limits plant growth, development, and crop yield, but how plant cells precisely sense and transduce heat stress signals remains elusive. Here, we identified a conserved heat stress response mechanism to elucidate how heat stress signal is transmitted from the cytoplasm into the nucleus for epigenetic modifiers. We demonstrate that HISTONE DEACETYLASE 9 (HDA9) transduces heat signals from the cytoplasm to the nucleus to play a positive regulatory role in heat responses in Arabidopsis. Heat specifically induces HDA9 accumulation in the nucleus. Under heat stress, the phosphatase PP2AB'β directly interacts with and dephosphorylates HDA9 to protect HDA9 from 26S proteasome-mediated degradation, leading to the translocation of nonphosphorylated HDA9 to the nucleus. This heat-induced enrichment of HDA9 in the nucleus depends on the nucleoporin HOS1. In the nucleus, HDA9 binds and deacetylates the target genes related to signaling transduction and plant development to repress gene expression in a transcription factor YIN YANG 1-dependent and -independent manner, resulting in rebalance of plant development and heat response. Therefore, we uncover an HDA9-mediated positive regulatory module in the heat shock signal transduction pathway. More important, this cytoplasm-to-nucleus translocation of HDA9 in response to heat stress is conserved in wheat and rice, which confers the mechanism significant implication potential for crop breeding to cope with global climate warming.
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Guo M, Yang F, Liu C, Zou J, Qi Z, Fotopoulos V, Lu G, Yu J, Zhou J. A single-nucleotide polymorphism in WRKY33 promoter is associated with the cold sensitivity in cultivated tomato. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 236:989-1005. [PMID: 35892173 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Natural variations in cis-regulatory regions often affect crop phenotypes by altering gene expression. However, the mechanism of how promoter mutations affect gene expression and crop stress tolerance is still poorly understood. In this study, by analyzing RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) data and reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR validation in the cultivated tomato and its wild relatives, we reveal that the transcripts of WRKY33 are almost unchanged in cold-sensitive cultivated tomato Solanum lycopersicum L. 'Ailsa Craig' but are significantly induced in cold-tolerant wild tomato relatives Solanum habrochaites LA1777 and Solanum pennellii LA0716 under cold stress. Overexpression of SlWRKY33 or ShWRKY33 positively regulates cold tolerance in tomato. Variant of the critical W-box in SlWRKY33 promoter results in the loss of self-transcription function of SlWRKY33 under cold stress. Analysis integrating RNA-Seq and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing data reveals that SlWRKY33 directly targets and induces multiple kinases, transcription factors, and molecular chaperone genes, such as CDPK11, MYBS3, and BAG6, thus enhancing cold tolerance. In addition, heat- and Botrytis-induced WRKY33s expression in both wild and cultivated tomatoes are independent of the critical W-box variation. Our findings suggest nucleotide polymorphism in cis-regulatory regions is crucial for different cold sensitivity between cultivated and wild tomato plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Guo
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Fengjun Yang
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Chenxu Liu
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jinping Zou
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zhenyu Qi
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya, 572000, China
- Agricultural Experiment Station, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Vasileios Fotopoulos
- Department of Agricultural Sciences Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Lemesos, 999058, Cyprus
| | - Gang Lu
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jingquan Yu
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya, 572000, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plants Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Agricultural Ministry of China, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya, 572000, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plants Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Agricultural Ministry of China, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Shandong (Linyi) Institute of Modern Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Linyi, 276000, China
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10
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Bo C, Cai R, Fang X, Wu H, Ma Z, Yuan H, Cheng B, Fan J, Ma Q. Transcription factor ZmWRKY20 interacts with ZmWRKY115 to repress expression of ZmbZIP111 for salt tolerance in maize. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 111:1660-1675. [PMID: 35861696 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Maize (Zea mays) is an important cereal crop worldwide. However, its yield and quality are adversely affected by salt stress resulting from soil hypersalinity. Exploring the regulatory mechanisms of stress responses is of vital importance to increase maize seed production. In the present study, we screened ethyl methanesulfonate-induced maize mutants and identified a salt-tolerant mutant. A single base was mutated in ZmWRKY20, leading to the formation of a truncated protein variant. A detailed phenotypic analysis revealed that this mutant had significantly higher resistance to wilting and lower reactive oxygen species levels than the inbred line B73. ZmWRKY20 showed transcriptional activity in yeast and specifically bound W-boxes according to the results of our yeast one-hybrid, electrophoretic mobility shift, and dual-luciferase assays. Overexpression of ZmWRKY20 decreased salt tolerance in maize. Transcriptome profiling revealed that ZmWRKY20 overexpression extensively reprogrammed genes involved in regulating defense and oxidation-reduction responses. The results substantiate that ZmWRKY20 is directly targeted to the basic leucine zipper (bZIP) motif in the transcription factor ZmbZIP111. It was also verified that ZmWRKY20 interacts with ZmWRKY115 and both proteins act jointly to enhance ZmbZIP111 repression. The results indicate that the ZmWRKY20 and ZmWRKY115 transcription factors interact in the nucleus, leading to repression of ZmbZIP111 expression by directly binding its promoter, and increase the sensitivity of maize seedlings to salt stress. The current study improves our understanding of the complicated responses of maize to salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Bo
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Ronghao Cai
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
- Engineering Research Center for Maize of Anhui Province, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Xiu Fang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Hao Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Zhongxian Ma
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Haotian Yuan
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Beijiu Cheng
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
- Engineering Research Center for Maize of Anhui Province, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Jun Fan
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
- Engineering Research Center for Maize of Anhui Province, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Qing Ma
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
- Engineering Research Center for Maize of Anhui Province, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
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11
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Understanding SUMO-mediated adaptive responses in plants to improve crop productivity. Essays Biochem 2022; 66:155-168. [PMID: 35920279 PMCID: PMC9400072 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20210068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The response to abiotic and biotic stresses in plants and crops is considered a multifaceted process. Due to their sessile nature, plants have evolved unique mechanisms to ensure that developmental plasticity remains during their life cycle. Among these mechanisms, post-translational modifications (PTMs) are crucial components of adaptive responses in plants and transduce environmental stimuli into cellular signalling through the modulation of proteins. SUMOylation is an emerging PTM that has received recent attention due to its dynamic role in protein modification and has quickly been considered a significant component of adaptive mechanisms in plants during stress with great potential for agricultural improvement programs. In the present review, we outline the concept that small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO)-mediated response in plants and crops to abiotic and biotic stresses is a multifaceted process with each component of the SUMO cycle facilitating tolerance to several different environmental stresses. We also highlight the clear increase in SUMO genes in crops when compared with Arabidopsis thaliana. The SUMO system is understudied in crops, given the importance of SUMO for stress responses, and for some SUMO genes, the apparent expansion provides new avenues to discover SUMO-conjugated targets that could regulate beneficial agronomical traits.
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12
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Transcriptional regulation of plant innate immunity. Essays Biochem 2022; 66:607-620. [PMID: 35726519 PMCID: PMC9528082 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20210100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Transcriptional reprogramming is an integral part of plant immunity. Tight regulation of the immune transcriptome is essential for a proper response of plants to different types of pathogens. Consequently, transcriptional regulators are proven targets of pathogens to enhance their virulence. The plant immune transcriptome is regulated by many different, interconnected mechanisms that can determine the rate at which genes are transcribed. These include intracellular calcium signaling, modulation of the redox state, post-translational modifications of transcriptional regulators, histone modifications, DNA methylation, modulation of RNA polymerases, alternative transcription inititation, the Mediator complex and regulation by non-coding RNAs. In addition, on their journey from transcription to translation, mRNAs are further modulated through mechanisms such as nuclear RNA retention, storage of mRNA in stress granules and P-bodies, and post-transcriptional gene silencing. In this review, we highlight the latest insights into these mechanisms. Furthermore, we discuss some emerging technologies that promise to greatly enhance our understanding of the regulation of the plant immune transcriptome in the future.
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13
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Smalley S, Hellmann H. Review: Exploring possible approaches using ubiquitylation and sumoylation pathways in modifying plant stress tolerance. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 319:111275. [PMID: 35487671 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitin and similar proteins, such as SUMO, are utilized by plants to modify target proteins to rapidly change their stability and activity in cells. This review will provide an overview of these crucial protein interactions with a focus on ubiquitylation and sumoylation in plants and how they contribute to stress tolerance. The work will also explore possibilities to use these highly conserved pathways for novel approaches to generate more robust crop plants better fit to cope with abiotic and biotic stress situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Smalley
- Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, United States
| | - Hanjo Hellmann
- Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, United States.
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14
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Huang X, Liu Y, Huang J, Fernando WGD, Li X, Xia S. Activation of NLR-Mediated Autoimmunity in Arabidopsis Early in Short Days 4 Mutant. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:881212. [PMID: 35693184 PMCID: PMC9174647 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.881212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
From a reverse genetic screen using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing tool, we unintentionally identified an autoimmune mutant. Map-based cloning and whole-genome sequencing revealed that it contains a deletion in SMALL UBIQUITIN-RELATED MODIFIER (SUMO) protease encoding gene EARLY IN SHORT DAYS 4 (ESD4). Previous studies reported that esd4 mutants accumulate elevated levels of plant defense hormone salicylic acid (SA). However, upregulated PATHOGENESIS-RELATED GENE 1 (PR1) expression in esd4 only partly relies on SA level. In this study, we show that plant metabolite N-hydroxypipecolic acid (NHP) biosynthetic genes are upregulated in esd4, and NHP biosynthesis mutant flavin-dependent-monooxygenase 1 (fmo1) partially suppresses the autoimmune phenotypes of esd4, suggestive of a requirement of NHP signaling for the autoimmunity in esd4. As activation of nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat immune receptors (NLRs) are associates with the biosynthesis of SA and NHP and lipase-like protein ENHANCED DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY 1 (EDS1) is a key component downstream of many NLRs, we examined the relationship between EDS1 and ESD4 by analyzing the eds1 esd4 double mutant. We found that eds1 largely suppresses esd4 autoimmunity and blocks the elevated expressions of SA and NHP biosynthesis-related genes in esd4. Overall, our study provides evidence supporting the hypothesis that SUMO protease ESD4 likely targets a yet to be identified guardee of NLR by removing its SUMO modification to avoid recognition by the cognate NLR. Loss of ESD4 results in activation of NLR-mediated autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingchuan Huang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Phytohormones and Growth Development, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yanan Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Phytohormones and Growth Development, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianhua Huang
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Xin Li
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Shitou Xia
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Phytohormones and Growth Development, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
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15
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Sun T, Zhang Y. MAP kinase cascades in plant development and immune signaling. EMBO Rep 2022; 23:e53817. [PMID: 35041234 PMCID: PMC8811656 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202153817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are important signaling modules regulating diverse biological processes. During the past 20 years, much progress has been made on the functions of MAPK cascades in plants. This review summarizes the roles of MAPKs, known MAPK substrates, and our current understanding of MAPK cascades in plant development and innate immunity. In addition, recent findings on the molecular links connecting surface receptors to MAPK cascades and the mechanisms underlying MAPK signaling specificity are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongjun Sun
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at ShenzhenChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesShenzhenChina
| | - Yuelin Zhang
- Department of BotanyUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
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16
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Srivastava M, Verma V, Srivastava AK. The converging path of protein SUMOylation in phytohormone signalling: highlights and new frontiers. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2021; 40:2047-2061. [PMID: 34129078 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-021-02732-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The intersection of phytohormone signalling pathways with SUMOylation, a key post-translational modification, offers an additional layer of control to the phytohormone signalling for sophisticated regulation of plant development. Plants live in a constantly changing environment that are often challenging for the growth and development of plants. Phytohormones play a critical role in modulating molecular-level changes for enabling plants to resist climatic aberrations. The orchestration of such effective molecular responses entails rapid regulation of phytohormone signalling at transcriptional, translational and post-translational levels. Post-translational modifications have emerged as a key player in modulating hormonal pathways. The current review lays emphasis on the role of SUMOylation, a key post-translational modification, in manipulating individual hormone signalling pathways for better plant adaptability. Here, we discuss the recent advancement in the field and highlights how SUMO targets key signalling intermediates including transcription factors to provide a quick response to different biotic or abiotic stresses, sometimes even prior to changes in hormone levels. The understanding of the convergence of SUMOylation and hormonal pathways will offer an additional layer of control to the phytohormone signalling for an intricate and sophisticated regulation of plant development and can be utilised as a tool to generate climate-resilient crops.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vivek Verma
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305817, India.
| | - Anjil Kumar Srivastava
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Sector-81 (Knowledge City), S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India.
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17
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Péter C, Nagy F, Viczián A. SUMOylation of different targets fine-tunes phytochrome signaling. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 232:1201-1211. [PMID: 34289130 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plants monitor their surrounding ambient light environment by specialized photoreceptor proteins. Among them, phytochromes monitor red and far-red light. These molecules perceive photons, undergo a conformational change, and regulate diverse light signaling pathways, resulting in the mediation of key developmental and growth responses throughout the whole life of plants. Posttranslational modifications of the photoreceptors and their signaling partners may modify their function. For example, the regulatory role of phosphorylation has been investigated for decades by using different methodological approaches. In the past few years, a set of studies revealed that ubiquitin-like short protein molecules, called small ubiquitin-like modifiers (SUMOs) are attached reversibly to different members of phytochrome signaling pathways, including phytochrome B, the dominant receptor of red light signaling. Furthermore, SUMO attachment modifies the action of the target proteins, leading to altered light signaling and photomorphogenesis. This review summarizes recent results regarding SUMOylation of various target proteins, the regulation of their SUMOylation level, and the physiological consequences of SUMO attachment. Potential future research directions are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Péter
- Laboratory of Photo and Chronobiology, Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Szeged, H-6726, Hungary
- Doctoral School in Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, H-6726, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Nagy
- Laboratory of Photo and Chronobiology, Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Szeged, H-6726, Hungary
| | - András Viczián
- Laboratory of Photo and Chronobiology, Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Szeged, H-6726, Hungary
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18
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Sharma M, Fuertes D, Perez-Gil J, Lois LM. SUMOylation in Phytopathogen Interactions: Balancing Invasion and Resistance. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:703795. [PMID: 34485289 PMCID: PMC8415633 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.703795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants are constantly confronted by a multitude of biotic stresses involving a myriad of pathogens. In crops, pathogen infections result in significant agronomical losses worldwide posing a threat to food security. In order to enter plant tissues and establish a successful infection, phytopathogens have to surpass several physical, and chemical defense barriers. In recent years, post-translational modification (PTM) mechanisms have emerged as key players in plant defense against pathogens. PTMs allow a highly dynamic and rapid response in front of external challenges, increasing the complexity and precision of cellular responses. In this review, we focus on the role of SUMO conjugation (SUMOylation) in plant immunity against fungi, bacteria, and viruses. In plants, SUMO regulates multiple biological processes, ranging from development to responses arising from environmental challenges. During pathogen attack, SUMO not only modulates the activity of plant defense components, but also serves as a target of pathogen effectors, highlighting its broad role in plant immunity. Here, we summarize known pathogenic strategies targeting plant SUMOylation and, the plant SUMO conjugates involved in host-pathogen interactions. We also provide a catalog of candidate SUMO conjugates according to their role in defense responses. Finally, we discuss the complex role of SUMO in plant defense, focusing on key biological and experimental aspects that contribute to some controversial conclusions, and the opportunities for improving agricultural productivity by engineering SUMOylation in crop species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Sharma
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics, CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Barcelona, Spain.,Biosciences, College of Life and Environment Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Diana Fuertes
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics, CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Perez-Gil
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics, CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - L Maria Lois
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics, CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Barcelona, Spain.,Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Barcelona, Spain
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19
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Sun H, Zhang H, Xu Z, Wang Y, Liu X, Li Y, Tian B, Sun G, Zhang H. TMT-based quantitative proteomic analysis of the effects of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci (Pst) infection on photosynthetic function and the response of the MAPK signaling pathway in tobacco leaves. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 166:657-667. [PMID: 34214776 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.06.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
To reveal the mechanism of photosynthesis inhibition by infection and the response of the MAPK signaling pathway to pathogen infection, tobacco leaves were inoculated with Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci (Pst), and the effects of Pst infection on photosynthesis of tobacco leaves were studied by physiological and proteomic techniques, with a focus on MAPK signaling pathway related proteins. Pst infection was observed to lead to the degradation of chlorophyll (especially Chl b) in tobacco leaves and the down-regulation of light harvesting antenna proteins expression, thus limiting the light harvesting ability. The photosystem II and I (PSII and PSI) activities were also decreased, and Pst infection inhibited the utilization of light and CO2. Proteomic analyses showed that the number of differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) under Pst infection at 3 d were significantly higher than at 1 d, especially the number of down-regulated proteins. The KEGG enrichment of DEPs was mainly enriched in the energy metabolism processes such as photosynthesis antenna proteins and photosynthesis. The down-regulation of chlorophyll a-b binding protein, photosynthetic electron transport related proteins (e.g., PSII and PSI core proteins, the Cytb6/f complex, PC, Fd, FNR), ATP synthase subunits, and key enzymes in the Calvin cycle were the key changes associated with Pst infection that may inhibit tobacco photosynthesis. The effect of Pst infection on the PSII electron acceptor side was significantly greater than that on the PSII donor side. The main factor that decreased the photosynthetic ability of tobacco leaves with Pst infection at 1 d may be the inhibition of photochemical reactions leading to an insufficient supply of ATP, rather than decreased expression of enzymes involved in the Calvin cycle. At 1 d into Pst infection, the PSII regulated energy dissipation yield Y(NPQ) may play a role in preventing photosynthetic inhibition in tobacco leaves, but the long-term Pst infection significantly inhibited Y(NPQ) and the expression of PsbS proteins. Proteins involved in the MAPK signaling pathway were up-regulated, suggesting the MAPK signaling pathway was activated to respond to Pst infection. However, at the late stage of Pst infection (at 3 d), MAPK signaling pathway proteins were degraded, and the defense function of the MAPK signaling pathway in tobacco leaves was damaged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Sun
- Mudanjiang Tobacco Science Research Institute, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Hongbo Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zisong Xu
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yue Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xiaoqian Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Bei Tian
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Guangyu Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Huihui Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
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20
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Gough C, Sadanandom A. Understanding and Exploiting Post-Translational Modifications for Plant Disease Resistance. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1122. [PMID: 34439788 PMCID: PMC8392720 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants are constantly threatened by pathogens, so have evolved complex defence signalling networks to overcome pathogen attacks. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are fundamental to plant immunity, allowing rapid and dynamic responses at the appropriate time. PTM regulation is essential; pathogen effectors often disrupt PTMs in an attempt to evade immune responses. Here, we cover the mechanisms of disease resistance to pathogens, and how growth is balanced with defence, with a focus on the essential roles of PTMs. Alteration of defence-related PTMs has the potential to fine-tune molecular interactions to produce disease-resistant crops, without trade-offs in growth and fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ari Sadanandom
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Stockton Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK;
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21
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Zhao W, Zhang X, Rong J. SUMOylation as a Therapeutic Target for Myocardial Infarction. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:701583. [PMID: 34395563 PMCID: PMC8355363 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.701583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction is a prevalent and life-threatening cardiovascular disease. The main goal of existing interventional therapies is to restore coronary reperfusion while few are designed to ameliorate the pathology of heart diseases via targeting the post-translational modifications of those critical proteins. Small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) proteins are recently discovered to form a new type of protein post-translational modifications (PTM), known as SUMOylation. SUMOylation and deSUMOylation are dynamically balanced in the maintenance of various biological processes including cell division, DNA repair, epigenetic transcriptional regulation, and cellular metabolism. Importantly, SUMOylation plays a critical role in the regulation of cardiac functions and the pathology of cardiovascular diseases, especially in heart failure and myocardial infarction. This review summarizes the current understanding on the effects of SUMOylation and SUMOylated proteins in the pathophysiology of myocardial infarction and identifies the potential treatments against myocardial injury via targeting SUMO. Ultimately, this review recommends SUMOylation as a key therapeutic target for treating cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhao
- Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiuying Zhang
- Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jianhui Rong
- Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
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