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Yang Q, Xue B, Liu F, Lu Y, Tang J, Yan M, Wu Q, Chen R, Zhou A, Liu L, Liu J, Qu C, Wu Q, Fu M, Zhong J, Dong J, Chen S, Wang F, Zhou Y, Zheng J, Peng W, Shang J, Chen X. Farnesyltransferase inhibitor lonafarnib suppresses respiratory syncytial virus infection by blocking conformational change of fusion glycoprotein. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:144. [PMID: 38853183 PMCID: PMC11163014 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01858-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the major cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in young children and the elderly. There are currently no approved RSV-specific therapeutic small molecules available. Using high-throughput antiviral screening, we identified an oral drug, the prenylation inhibitor lonafarnib, which showed potent inhibition of the RSV fusion process. Lonafarnib exhibited antiviral activity against both the RSV A and B genotypes and showed low cytotoxicity in HEp-2 and human primary bronchial epithelial cells (HBEC). Time-of-addition and pseudovirus assays demonstrated that lonafarnib inhibits RSV entry, but has farnesyltransferase-independent antiviral efficacy. Cryo-electron microscopy revealed that lonafarnib binds to a triple-symmetric pocket within the central cavity of the RSV F metastable pre-fusion conformation. Mutants at the RSV F sites interacting with lonafarnib showed resistance to lonafarnib but remained fully sensitive to the neutralizing monoclonal antibody palivizumab. Furthermore, lonafarnib dose-dependently reduced the replication of RSV in BALB/c mice. Collectively, lonafarnib could be a potential fusion inhibitor for RSV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Yang
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510005, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Bao Xue
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510005, China
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Fengjiang Liu
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510005, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Yongzhi Lu
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510005, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Jielin Tang
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510005, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Mengrong Yan
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510005, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510005, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Ruyi Chen
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510005, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Anqi Zhou
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Lijie Liu
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510005, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Junjun Liu
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510005, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Changbin Qu
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510005, China
| | - Qingxin Wu
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510005, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Muqing Fu
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Jiayi Zhong
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510005, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Jianwei Dong
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510005, China
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Sijie Chen
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Fan Wang
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510005, China
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou lnstitute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Wei Peng
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510005, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China.
| | - Jinsai Shang
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510005, China.
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China.
| | - Xinwen Chen
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510005, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China.
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Rios-Guzman E, Simons LM, Dean TJ, Agnes F, Pawlowski A, Alisoltanidehkordi A, Nam HH, Ison MG, Ozer EA, Lorenzo-Redondo R, Hultquist JF. Deviations in RSV epidemiological patterns and population structures in the United States following the COVID-19 pandemic. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3374. [PMID: 38643200 PMCID: PMC11032338 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47757-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is a leading cause of acute respiratory tract infection, with the greatest impact on infants, immunocompromised individuals, and older adults. RSV prevalence decreased substantially in the United States (US) following the implementation of COVID-19-related non-pharmaceutical interventions but later rebounded with abnormal seasonality. The biological and epidemiological factors underlying this altered behavior remain poorly defined. In this retrospective cohort study from 2009 to 2023 in Chicago, Illinois, US, we examined RSV epidemiology, clinical severity, and genetic diversity. We found that changes in RSV diagnostic platforms drove increased detections in outpatient settings post-2020 and that hospitalized adults infected with RSV-A were at higher risk of intensive care admission than those with RSV-B. While population structures of RSV-A remained unchanged, RSV-B exhibited a genetic shift into geographically distinct clusters. Mutations in the antigenic regions of the fusion protein suggest convergent evolution with potential implications for vaccine and therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefany Rios-Guzman
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Center for Pathogen Genomics and Microbial Evolution, Northwestern University Havey Institute for Global Health, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Lacy M Simons
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Center for Pathogen Genomics and Microbial Evolution, Northwestern University Havey Institute for Global Health, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Taylor J Dean
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Center for Pathogen Genomics and Microbial Evolution, Northwestern University Havey Institute for Global Health, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Francesca Agnes
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Center for Pathogen Genomics and Microbial Evolution, Northwestern University Havey Institute for Global Health, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Anna Pawlowski
- Northwestern Medicine Enterprise Data Warehouse, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Arghavan Alisoltanidehkordi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Center for Pathogen Genomics and Microbial Evolution, Northwestern University Havey Institute for Global Health, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Hannah H Nam
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of California - Irvine, Orange, CA, 92868, USA
| | - Michael G Ison
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (DMID), National Institute of Health, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA
| | - Egon A Ozer
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Center for Pathogen Genomics and Microbial Evolution, Northwestern University Havey Institute for Global Health, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Ramon Lorenzo-Redondo
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Center for Pathogen Genomics and Microbial Evolution, Northwestern University Havey Institute for Global Health, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Judd F Hultquist
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
- Center for Pathogen Genomics and Microbial Evolution, Northwestern University Havey Institute for Global Health, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
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Schaerlaekens S, Jacobs L, Stobbelaar K, Cos P, Delputte P. All Eyes on the Prefusion-Stabilized F Construct, but Are We Missing the Potential of Alternative Targets for Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccine Design? Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:97. [PMID: 38250910 PMCID: PMC10819635 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12010097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) poses a significant global health concern as a major cause of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs). Over the last few years, substantial efforts have been directed towards developing vaccines and therapeutics to combat RSV, leading to a diverse landscape of vaccine candidates. Notably, two vaccines targeting the elderly and the first maternal vaccine have recently been approved. The majority of the vaccines and vaccine candidates rely solely on a prefusion-stabilized conformation known for its highly neutralizing epitopes. Although, so far, this antigen design appears to be successful for the elderly, our current understanding remains incomplete, requiring further improvement and refinement in this field. Pediatric vaccines still have a long journey ahead, and we must ensure that vaccines currently entering the market do not lose efficacy due to the emergence of mutations in RSV's circulating strains. This review will provide an overview of the current status of vaccine designs and what to focus on in the future. Further research into antigen design is essential, including the exploration of the potential of alternative RSV proteins to address these challenges and pave the way for the development of novel and effective vaccines, especially in the pediatric population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Schaerlaekens
- Laboratory for Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene, University of Antwerp (UA), Universiteitsplein 1 S.7, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium; (S.S.); (L.J.); (K.S.); (P.C.)
| | - Lotte Jacobs
- Laboratory for Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene, University of Antwerp (UA), Universiteitsplein 1 S.7, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium; (S.S.); (L.J.); (K.S.); (P.C.)
| | - Kim Stobbelaar
- Laboratory for Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene, University of Antwerp (UA), Universiteitsplein 1 S.7, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium; (S.S.); (L.J.); (K.S.); (P.C.)
- Pediatrics Department, Antwerp University Hospital (UZA), Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Paul Cos
- Laboratory for Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene, University of Antwerp (UA), Universiteitsplein 1 S.7, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium; (S.S.); (L.J.); (K.S.); (P.C.)
- Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp (UA), Universiteitsplein 1 S.7, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Peter Delputte
- Laboratory for Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene, University of Antwerp (UA), Universiteitsplein 1 S.7, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium; (S.S.); (L.J.); (K.S.); (P.C.)
- Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp (UA), Universiteitsplein 1 S.7, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
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4
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Takahashi T, Ueno S, Sugiura Y, Shimizu K, Kamitani W. Establishment of a new reverse genetics system for respiratory syncytial virus under the control of RNA polymerase II. Microbiol Immunol 2023; 67:413-421. [PMID: 37424190 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.13088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
A reverse genetics system for the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), which causes acute respiratory illness, is an effective tool for understanding the pathogenicity of RSV. To date, a method dependent on T7 RNA polymerase is commonly used for RSV. Although this method is well established and recombinant RSV is well rescued from transfected cells, the requirement for artificial supply of T7 RNA polymerase limits its application. To overcome this, we established a reverse genetics system dependent on RNA polymerase II, which is more convenient for the recovery of recombinant viruses from various cell lines. First, we identified human cell lines with high transfection efficiency in which RSV can replicate effectively. Two human cell lines, Huh-7 and 293T, permitted the propagation of recombinant green fluorescent protein-expressing RSV. Our minigenome system revealed that efficient transcription and replication of RSV occurred in both Huh-7 and 293T cells. We then confirmed that recombinant green fluorescent protein-expressing RSV was rescued in both Huh-7 and 293T cells. Furthermore, the growth capability of viruses rescued from Huh-7 and 293T cells was similar to that of recombinant RSV rescued using the conventional method. Thus, we succeeded in establishing a new reverse genetics system for RSV that is dependent on RNA polymerase II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuki Takahashi
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Host Defense, Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi-shi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Shiori Ueno
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Host Defense, Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi-shi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Sugiura
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Host Defense, Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi-shi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Kenta Shimizu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Host Defense, Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi-shi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Wataru Kamitani
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Host Defense, Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi-shi, Gunma, Japan
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Hu L, Jiang J, Tang Y, Mei L, Wu L, Li L, Chen H, Long F, Xiao J, Peng T. A Pseudovirus-Based Entry Assay to Evaluate Neutralizing Activity against Respiratory Syncytial Virus. Viruses 2023; 15:1548. [PMID: 37515234 PMCID: PMC10386507 DOI: 10.3390/v15071548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection can cause life-threatening pneumonia and bronchiolitis, posing a significant threat to human health worldwide, especially to children and the elderly. Currently, there is no specific treatment for RSV infection. The most effective measures for preventing RSV infection are vaccines and prophylactic medications. However, not all population groups are eligible for the approved vaccines or antibody-based preventive medications. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop novel vaccines and prophylactic drugs available for people of all ages. High-throughput assays that evaluate the efficacy of viral entry inhibitors or vaccine-induced neutralizing antibodies in blocking RSV entry are crucial for evaluating vaccine and prophylactic drug candidates. We developed an efficient entry assay using a lentiviral pseudovirus carrying the fusion (F) protein of type A or B RSV. In addition, the essential parameters were systematically optimized, including the number of transfected plasmids, storage conditions of the pseudovirus, cell types, cell numbers, virus inoculum, and time point of detection. Furthermore, the convalescent sera exhibited comparable inhibitory activity in this assay as in the authentic RSV virus neutralization assay. We established a robust pseudovirus-based entry assay for RSV, which holds excellent promise for studying entry mechanisms, evaluating viral entry inhibitors, and assessing vaccine-elicited neutralizing antibodies against RSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longbo Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Jiajing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Yongjie Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Lingling Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Liping Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Leyi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Hongzhou Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Fei Long
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Jing Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Tao Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
- Guangdong South China Vaccine Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510663, China
- Greater Bay Area Innovative Vaccine Technology Development Center, Guangzhou International Bio Island Laboratory, Guangzhou 510005, China
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6
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) continues to be a major cause of severe lower respiratory tract infection in infants, young children, and older adults. In this review, changes in the epidemiology of RSV during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic are highlighted together with the role which increased molecular surveillance efforts will have in future in assessing the efficacy of vaccines and therapeutics. RECENT FINDINGS The introduction of nonpharmaceutical intervention (NPIs) strategies during the COVID-19 pandemic between 2020 and 2022 resulted in worldwide disruption to the epidemiology of RSV infections, especially with respect to the timing and peak case rate of annual epidemics. Increased use of whole genome sequencing along with efforts to better standardize the nomenclature of RSV strains and discrimination of RSV genotypes will support increased monitoring of relevant antigenic sites in the viral glycoproteins. Several RSV vaccine candidates based on subunit, viral vectors, nucleic acid, or live attenuated virus strategies have shown efficacy in Phase 2 or 3 clinical trials with vaccines using RSVpreF protein currently the closest to approval and use in high-risk populations. Finally, the recent approval and future use of the extended half-life human monoclonal antibody Nirsevimab will also help to alleviate the morbidity and mortality burden caused by annual epidemics of RSV infections. SUMMARY The ongoing expansion and wider coordination of RSV molecular surveillance efforts via whole genome sequencing will be crucial for future monitoring of the efficacy of a new generation of vaccines and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Ludlow
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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7
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Lin WH, Wu FT, Chen YY, Wang CW, Lin HC, Kuo CC, Lai WC, Lin FJ, Tiew WT, Tsai AL, Ho KT, Kuo TY, Li CH, Wu CY, Pan YJ, Tsao KC, Hsieh YC. Unprecedented outbreak of respiratory syncytial virus in Taiwan associated with ON1 variant emergence between 2010 and 2020. Emerg Microbes Infect 2022; 11:1000-1009. [PMID: 35293267 PMCID: PMC8979508 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2022.2054365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
An outbreak of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) has been observed in Taiwan since August 2020. We reviewed a central laboratory-based surveillance network established over 20 years by Taiwan Centres for Disease Control for respiratory viral pathogens between 2010 and 2020.A retrospective study of children <5 years old hospitalized with RSV infection at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital between 2018 and 2020 was conducted, and samples positive for RSV-A were sequenced. Clinical data were obtained and stratified by genotype and year.Data from 2020 showed an approximately 4-fold surge in RSV cases compared to 2010 in Taiwan, surpassing previous years during which ON1 was prevalent. Phylogenetic analysis of G protein showed that novel ON1 variants were clustered separately from those of 2018 and 2019 seasons and ON1 reference strains. The variant G protein carried six amino acid changes that emerged gradually in 2019; high consistency was observed in 2020. A unique substitution, E257K, was observed in 2020 exclusively. The F protein of the variant carried T12I and H514N substitutions, which weren't at antigenic sites. In terms of multivariate analysis, age (OR: 0.97; 95% CI: 0.94-0.99; p = 0.02) and 2020 ON1 variant (OR:2.52; 95% CI:1.13-5.63; p = 0.025) were independently associated with oxygen saturation <94% during hospitalization.The 2020 ON1 variant didn't show higher replication or virulence compared with those in 2018 in our study. The unprecedented 2020 RSV epidemic may attribute to antigenic changes and lack of interferon-stimulated immunity induced by seasonal circulating virus under non-pharmaceutical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hsuan Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Children's Hospital, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Tzy Wu
- Center for Diagnostics and Vaccine Development, Centres for Disease Control, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Yin Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Children's Hospital, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wei Wang
- Departments of Anatomic Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ho-Chen Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Children's Hospital, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chia Kuo
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Children's Hospital, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Chun Lai
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Children's Hospital, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Ju Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Children's Hospital, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Tin Tiew
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Children's Hospital, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - An-Li Tsai
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Children's Hospital, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Ta Ho
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Children's Hospital, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Yu Kuo
- Center for Diagnostics and Vaccine Development, Centres for Disease Control, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hao Li
- Center for Diagnostics and Vaccine Development, Centres for Disease Control, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yi Wu
- Center for Diagnostics and Vaccine Development, Centres for Disease Control, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jiun Pan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Chien Tsao
- Research Centre for Emerging Viral Infections, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chia Hsieh
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Children's Hospital, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Chu X, He C, Sang B, Yang C, Yin C, Ji M, Qian A, Tian Y. Transfer RNAs-derived small RNAs and their application potential in multiple diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:954431. [PMID: 36072340 PMCID: PMC9441921 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.954431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of tRNAs is best known as adapter components of translational machinery. According to the central dogma of molecular biology, DNA is transcribed to RNA and in turn is translated into proteins, in which tRNA outstands by its role of the cellular courier. Recent studies have led to the revision of the canonical function of transfer RNAs (tRNAs), which indicates that tRNAs also serve as a source for short non-coding RNAs called tRNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs). tsRNAs play key roles in cellular processes by modulating complicated regulatory networks beyond translation and are widely involved in multiple diseases. Herein, the biogenesis and classification of tsRNAs were firstly clarified. tsRNAs are generated from pre-tRNAs or mature tRNAs and are classified into tRNA-derived fragments (tRFs) and tRNA halves (tiRNA). The tRFs include five types according to the incision loci: tRF-1, tRF-2, tRF-3, tRF-5 and i-tRF which contain 3′ tiRNA and 5′ tiRNA. The functions of tsRNAs and their regulation mechanisms involved in disease processes are systematically summarized as well. The mechanisms can elaborate on the specific regulation of tsRNAs. In conclusion, the current research suggests that tsRNAs are promising targets for modulating pathological processes, such as breast cancer, ischemic stroke, respiratory syncytial virus, osteoporosis and so on, and maintain vital clinical implications in diagnosis and therapeutics of various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Chu
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Xi’an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, SN, China
| | - Chenyang He
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Bo Sang
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Xi’an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, SN, China
| | - Chaofei Yang
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Xi’an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, SN, China
| | - Chong Yin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Academician (expert) Workstation, Lab of Epigenetics and RNA Therapy, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Mili Ji
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Xi’an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, SN, China
| | - Airong Qian
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Xi’an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, SN, China
- *Correspondence: Airong Qian, ; Ye Tian,
| | - Ye Tian
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Xi’an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, SN, China
- *Correspondence: Airong Qian, ; Ye Tian,
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Beach SS, Hull MA, Ytreberg FM, Patel JS, Miura TA. Molecular Modeling Predicts Novel Antibody Escape Mutations in the Respiratory Syncytial Virus Fusion Glycoprotein. J Virol 2022; 96:e0035322. [PMID: 35678603 PMCID: PMC9278155 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00353-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies are increasingly used for the prevention and/or treatment of viral infections. One caveat of their use is the ability of viruses to evolve resistance to antibody binding and neutralization. Computational strategies to identify viral mutations that may disrupt antibody binding would leverage the wealth of viral genomic sequence data to monitor for potential antibody-resistant mutations. The respiratory syncytial virus is an important pathogen for which monoclonal antibodies against the fusion (F) protein are used to prevent severe disease in high-risk infants. In this study, we used an approach that combines molecular dynamics simulations with FoldX to estimate changes in free energy in F protein folding and binding to the motavizumab antibody upon each possible amino acid change. We systematically selected 8 predicted escape mutations and tested them in an infectious clone. Consistent with our F protein stability predictions, replication-effective viruses were observed for each selected mutation. Six of the eight variants showed increased resistance to neutralization by motavizumab. Flow cytometry was used to validate the estimated (model-predicted) effects on antibody binding to F. Using surface plasmon resonance, we determined that changes in the on-rate of motavizumab binding were associated with the reduced affinity for two novel escape mutations. Our study empirically validated the accuracy of our molecular modeling approach and emphasized the role of biophysical protein modeling in predicting viral resistance to antibody-based therapeutics that can be used to monitor the emergence of resistant viruses and to design improved therapeutic antibodies. IMPORTANCE Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes severe disease in young infants, particularly those with heart or lung diseases or born prematurely. Because no vaccine is currently available, monoclonal antibodies are used to prevent severe RSV disease in high-risk infants. While it is known that RSV evolves to avoid recognition by antibodies, screening tools that can predict which changes to the virus may lead to antibody resistance are greatly needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sierra S. Beach
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idahogrid.266456.5, Moscow, Idaho, USA
| | - McKenna A. Hull
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idahogrid.266456.5, Moscow, Idaho, USA
| | - F. Marty Ytreberg
- Department of Physics, University of Idahogrid.266456.5, Moscow, Idaho, USA
- Institute for Modeling Collaboration and Innovation, University of Idahogrid.266456.5, Moscow, Idaho, USA
| | - Jagdish Suresh Patel
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idahogrid.266456.5, Moscow, Idaho, USA
- Institute for Modeling Collaboration and Innovation, University of Idahogrid.266456.5, Moscow, Idaho, USA
| | - Tanya A. Miura
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idahogrid.266456.5, Moscow, Idaho, USA
- Institute for Modeling Collaboration and Innovation, University of Idahogrid.266456.5, Moscow, Idaho, USA
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