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Liu W, Zhang Z, Wu Y, Zhang Y, Li X, Li J, Zhu W, Ma Z, Li W. Terpene synthases GhTPS6 and GhTPS47 participate in resistance to Verticillium dahliae in upland cotton. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 213:108798. [PMID: 38852238 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Terpene synthases (TPSs) are enzymes responsible for catalyzing the production of diverse terpenes, the largest class of secondary metabolites in plants. Here, we identified 107 TPS gene loci encompassing 92 full-length TPS genes in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Phylogenetic analysis showed they were divided into six subfamilies. Segmental duplication and tandem duplication events contributed greatly to the expansion of TPS gene family, particularly the TPS-a and TPS-b subfamilies. Expression profile analysis screened out that GhTPSs may mediate the interaction between cotton and Verticillium dahliae. Three-dimensional structures and subcellular localizations of the two selected GhTPSs, GhTPS6 and GhTPS47, which belong to the TPS-a subfamily, demonstrated similarity in protein structures and nucleus and cytoplasm localization. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) of the two GhTPSs yielded plants characterized by increased wilting and chlorosis, more severe vascular browning, and higher disease index than control plants. Additionally, knockdown of GhTPS6 and GhTPS47 led to the down-regulation of cotton terpene synthesis following V. dahliae infection, indicating that these two genes may positively regulate resistance to V. dahliae through the modulation of disease-resistant terpene biosynthesis. Overall, our study represents a comprehensive analysis of the G. hirsutum TPS gene family, revealing their potential roles in defense responses against Verticillium wilt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China; Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yuchen Wu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Yuzhi Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China; State Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Xiaona Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Jianing Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Zongbin Ma
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China; Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
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Srividya N, Kim H, Simone R, Lange BM. Chemical diversity in angiosperms - monoterpene synthases control complex reactions that provide the precursors for ecologically and commercially important monoterpenoids. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 119:28-55. [PMID: 38565299 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Monoterpene synthases (MTSs) catalyze the first committed step in the biosynthesis of monoterpenoids, a class of specialized metabolites with particularly high chemical diversity in angiosperms. In addition to accomplishing a rate enhancement, these enzymes manage the formation and turnover of highly reactive carbocation intermediates formed from a prenyl diphosphate substrate. At each step along the reaction path, a cationic intermediate can be subject to cyclization, migration of a proton, hydride, or alkyl group, or quenching to terminate the sequence. However, enzymatic control of ligand folding, stabilization of specific intermediates, and defined quenching chemistry can maintain the specificity for forming a signature product. This review article will discuss our current understanding of how angiosperm MTSs control the reaction environment. Such knowledge allows inferences about the origin and regulation of chemical diversity, which is pertinent for appreciating the role of monoterpenoids in plant ecology but also for aiding commercial efforts that harness the accumulation of these specialized metabolites for the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narayanan Srividya
- Institute of Biological Chemistry and M. J. Murdock Metabolomics Laboratory, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-7411, USA
| | - Hoshin Kim
- Physical and Computational Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Raugei Simone
- Physical and Computational Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Bernd Markus Lange
- Institute of Biological Chemistry and M. J. Murdock Metabolomics Laboratory, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-7411, USA
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Wu TJ, Lin CC, Ma LT, Yang CK, Ho CL, Wang SY, Chu FH. Functional identification of specialized diterpene synthases from Chamaecyparis obtusa and C. obtusa var. formosana to illustrate the putative evolution of diterpene synthases in Cupressaceae. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 344:112080. [PMID: 38582272 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Chamaecyparis obtusa and C. obtusa var. formosana of the Cupressaceae family are well known for their fragrance and excellent physical properties. To investigate the biosynthesis of unique diterpenoid compounds, diterpene synthase genes for specialized metabolite synthesis were cloned from C. obtusa and C. obtusa var. formosana. Using an Escherichia coli co-expression system, eight diterpene synthases (diTPSs) were characterized. CoCPS and CovfCPS are class II monofunctional (+)-copalyl diphosphate synthases [(+)-CPSs]. Class I monofunctional CoLS and CovfLS convert (+)-copalyl diphosphate [(+)-CPP] to levopimaradiene, CoBRS, CovfBRS1, and CovfBRS3 convert (+)-CPP to (-)-beyerene, and CovfSDS converts (+)-CPP to (-)-sandaracopimaradiene. These enzymes are all monofunctional diterpene syntheses in Cupressaceae family of gymnosperm, and differ from those in Pinaceae. The discovery of the enzyme responsible for the biosynthesis of tetracyclic diterpene (-)-beyerene was characterized for the first time. Diterpene synthases with different catalytic functions exist in closely related species within the Cupressaceae family, indicating that this group of monofunctional diterpene synthases is particularly prone to the evolution of new functions and development of species-specific specialized diterpenoid constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsai-Jung Wu
- School of Forestry and Resource Conservation, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chun Lin
- School of Forestry and Resource Conservation, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ting Ma
- Academy of Circular Economy, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Kai Yang
- Department of Forestry, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Lung Ho
- Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Yang Wang
- Department of Forestry, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Hua Chu
- School of Forestry and Resource Conservation, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Koper K, Han SW, Kothadia R, Salamon H, Yoshikuni Y, Maeda HA. Multisubstrate specificity shaped the complex evolution of the aminotransferase family across the tree of life. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2405524121. [PMID: 38885378 PMCID: PMC11214133 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2405524121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Aminotransferases (ATs) are an ancient enzyme family that play central roles in core nitrogen metabolism, essential to all organisms. However, many of the AT enzyme functions remain poorly defined, limiting our fundamental understanding of the nitrogen metabolic networks that exist in different organisms. Here, we traced the deep evolutionary history of the AT family by analyzing AT enzymes from 90 species spanning the tree of life (ToL). We found that each organism has maintained a relatively small and constant number of ATs. Mapping the distribution of ATs across the ToL uncovered that many essential AT reactions are carried out by taxon-specific AT enzymes due to wide-spread nonorthologous gene displacements. This complex evolutionary history explains the difficulty of homology-based AT functional prediction. Biochemical characterization of diverse aromatic ATs further revealed their broad substrate specificity, unlike other core metabolic enzymes that evolved to catalyze specific reactions today. Interestingly, however, we found that these AT enzymes that diverged over billion years share common signatures of multisubstrate specificity by employing different nonconserved active site residues. These findings illustrate that AT family enzymes had leveraged their inherent substrate promiscuity to maintain a small yet distinct set of multifunctional AT enzymes in different taxa. This evolutionary history of versatile ATs likely contributed to the establishment of robust and diverse nitrogen metabolic networks that exist throughout the ToL. The study provides a critical foundation to systematically determine diverse AT functions and underlying nitrogen metabolic networks across the ToL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaan Koper
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53706
| | - Sang-Woo Han
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720
- Department of Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Chungju27478, South Korea
| | - Ramani Kothadia
- The US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA94720
| | - Hugh Salamon
- The US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA94720
| | - Yasuo Yoshikuni
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720
- The US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA94720
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA94720
- Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA94720
- Global Center for Food, Land, and Water Resources, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan 060-8589
- Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo183-8538, Japan
| | - Hiroshi A. Maeda
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53706
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Jiang L, Chen S, Wang X, Sen L, Dong G, Song C, Liu Y. An improved genome assembly of Chrysanthemum nankingense reveals expansion and functional diversification of terpene synthase gene family. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:593. [PMID: 38867153 PMCID: PMC11170872 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10498-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Terpenes are important components of plant aromas, and terpene synthases (TPSs) are the key enzymes driving terpene diversification. In this study, we characterized the volatile terpenes in five different Chrysanthemum nankingense tissues. In addition, genome-wide identification and expression analysis of TPS genes was conducted utilizing an improved chromosome-scale genome assembly and tissue-specific transcriptomes. The biochemical functions of three representative TPSs were also investigated. RESULTS We identified tissue-specific volatile organic compound (VOC) and volatile terpene profiles. The improved Chrysanthemum nankingense genome assembly was high-quality, including a larger assembled size (3.26 Gb) and a better contig N50 length (3.18 Mb) compared to the old version. A total of 140 CnTPS genes were identified, with the majority representing the TPS-a and TPS-b subfamilies. The chromosomal distribution of these TPS genes was uneven, and 26 genes were included in biosynthetic gene clusters. Closely-related Chrysanthemum taxa were also found to contain diverse TPS genes, and the expression profiles of most CnTPSs were tissue-specific. The three investigated CnTPS enzymes exhibited versatile activities, suggesting multifunctionality. CONCLUSIONS We systematically characterized the structure and diversity of TPS genes across the Chrysanthemum nankingense genome, as well as the potential biochemical functions of representative genes. Our results provide a basis for future studies of terpene biosynthesis in chrysanthemums, as well as for the breeding of improved chrysanthemum varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan No.1 Hospital (Wuhan Hospital of Traditional and Western Medicine), Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Sen
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, People's Republic of China
| | - Gangqiang Dong
- Amway (China) Botanical R&D Center, Wuxi, 214115, P.R. China
| | - Chi Song
- Institute of Herbgenomics, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yifei Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, People's Republic of China.
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resource and Chemistry, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Hubei, 430065, People's Republic of China.
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Wu J, Chen Y, Xu Y, An Y, Hu Z, Xiong A, Wang G. Effects of Jasmonic Acid on Stress Response and Quality Formation in Vegetable Crops and Their Underlying Molecular Mechanisms. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1557. [PMID: 38891365 PMCID: PMC11175075 DOI: 10.3390/plants13111557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
The plant hormone jasmonic acid plays an important role in plant growth and development, participating in many physiological processes, such as plant disease resistance, stress resistance, organ development, root growth, and flowering. With the improvement in living standards, people have higher requirements regarding the quality of vegetables. However, during the growth process of vegetables, they are often attacked by pests and diseases and undergo abiotic stresses, resulting in their growth restriction and decreases in their yield and quality. Therefore, people have found many ways to regulate the growth and quality of vegetable crops. In recent years, in addition to the role that JA plays in stress response and resistance, it has been found to have a regulatory effect on crop quality. Therefore, this study aims to review the jasmonic acid accumulation patterns during various physiological processes and its potential role in vegetable development and quality formation, as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms. The information provided in this manuscript sheds new light on the improvements in vegetable yield and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Wu
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China; (J.W.); (Y.C.); (Y.X.); (Y.A.); (Z.H.)
| | - Yangyang Chen
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China; (J.W.); (Y.C.); (Y.X.); (Y.A.); (Z.H.)
| | - Yujie Xu
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China; (J.W.); (Y.C.); (Y.X.); (Y.A.); (Z.H.)
| | - Yahong An
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China; (J.W.); (Y.C.); (Y.X.); (Y.A.); (Z.H.)
| | - Zhenzhu Hu
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China; (J.W.); (Y.C.); (Y.X.); (Y.A.); (Z.H.)
- Jiangsu Provincial Agricultural Green and Low Carbon Production Technology Engineering Research Center, Huaian 223003, China
| | - Aisheng Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Guanglong Wang
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China; (J.W.); (Y.C.); (Y.X.); (Y.A.); (Z.H.)
- Jiangsu Provincial Agricultural Green and Low Carbon Production Technology Engineering Research Center, Huaian 223003, China
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Zhang J, Leng S, Huang C, Li K, Li J, Chen X, Feng Y, Kai G. Characterization of a group of germacrene A synthases involved in the biosynthesis of β-elemene from Atractylodis macrocephala. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 271:132467. [PMID: 38763249 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
β-Elemene, an important component of the volatile oil of Atractylodis macrocephala, has been widely utilized as an antitumor drug for over 20 years. However, the germacrene A synthase (GAS) genes responsible for the biosynthesis of β-elemene in A. macrocephala were previously unidentified. In this study, two new AmGASs were identified from the A. macrocephala transcriptome, demonstrating their capability to convert farnesyl pyrophosphate into germacrene A, which subsequently synthesizes β-elemene through Cope rearrangement. Additionally, two highly catalytic AmGAS1 mutations, I307A and E392A, resulted in a 2.23-fold and 1.57-fold increase in β-elemene synthesis, respectively. Furthermore, precursor supply and fed-batch strategies were employed to enhance the precursor supply, resulting in β-elemene yields of 7.3 mg/L and 33.3 mg/L, respectively. These findings identify a promising candidate GAS for β-elemene biosynthesis and lay the foundation for further functional studies on terpene synthases in A. macrocephala.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Zhang
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Siqi Leng
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chao Huang
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Kunlun Li
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junbo Li
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuefei Chen
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yue Feng
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Guoyin Kai
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
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Huang W, Liu Y, Ma X, Ma C, Jiang Y, Su J. Rational Design for the Complete Synthesis of Stevioside in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1125. [PMID: 38930507 PMCID: PMC11206123 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12061125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Stevioside is a secondary metabolite of diterpenoid glycoside production in plants. It has been used as a natural sweetener in various foods because of its high sweetness and low-calorie content. In this study, we constructed a Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain for the complete synthesis of stevioside using a metabolic engineering strategy. Firstly, the synthesis pathway of steviol was modularly constructed in S. cerevisiae BY4742, and the precursor pathway was strengthened. The yield of steviol was used as an indicator to investigate the expression effect of different sources of diterpene synthases under different combinations, and the strains with further improved steviol yield were screened. Secondly, glycosyltransferases were heterologously expressed in this strain to produce stevioside, the sequence of glycosyltransferase expression was optimized, and the uridine diphosphate-glucose (UDP-Glc) supply was enhanced. Finally, the results showed that the strain SST-302III-ST2 produced 164.89 mg/L of stevioside in a shake flask experiment, and the yield of stevioside reached 1104.49 mg/L in an experiment employing a 10 L bioreactor with batch feeding, which was the highest yield reported. We constructed strains with a high production of stevioside, thus laying the foundation for the production of other classes of steviol glycosides and holding good prospects for application and promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jianyu Su
- School of Life Science, Ning Xia University, Yinchuan 750000, China; (W.H.); (Y.L.); (X.M.); (C.M.); (Y.J.)
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Dai J, Wang M, Yin H, Han X, Fan Y, Wei Y, Lin J, Liu J. Integrating GC-MS and comparative transcriptome analysis reveals that TsERF66 promotes the biosynthesis of caryophyllene in Toona sinensis tender leaves. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1378418. [PMID: 38872893 PMCID: PMC11171135 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1378418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Introduction The strong aromatic characteristics of the tender leaves of Toona sinensis determine their quality and economic value. Methods and results Here, GC-MS analysis revealed that caryophyllene is a key volatile compound in the tender leaves of two different T. sinensis varieties, however, the transcriptional mechanisms controlling its gene expression are unknown. Comparative transcriptome analysis revealed significant enrichment of terpenoid synthesis pathway genes, suggesting that the regulation of terpenoid synthesis-related gene expression is an important factor leading to differences in aroma between the two varieties. Further analysis of expression levels and genetic evolution revealed that TsTPS18 is a caryophyllene synthase, which was confirmed by transient overexpression in T. sinensis and Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. Furthermore, we screened an AP2/ERF transcriptional factor ERF-IX member, TsERF66, for the potential regulation of caryophyllene synthesis. The TsERF66 had a similar expression trend to that of TsTPS18 and was highly expressed in high-aroma varieties and tender leaves. Exogenous spraying of MeJA also induced the expression of TsERF66 and TsTPS18 and promoted the biosynthesis of caryophyllene. Transient overexpression of TsERF66 in T. sinensis significantly promoted TsTPS18 expression and caryophyllene biosynthesis. Discussion Our results showed that TsERF66 promoted the expression of TsTPS18 and the biosynthesis of caryophyllene in T. sinensis leaves, providing a strategy for improving the aroma of tender leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jun Liu
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, China
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Alessandrello C, Sanfilippo S, Minciullo PL, Gangemi S. An Overview on Atopic Dermatitis, Oxidative Stress, and Psychological Stress: Possible Role of Nutraceuticals as an Additional Therapeutic Strategy. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5020. [PMID: 38732239 PMCID: PMC11084351 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25095020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin condition with a considerable impact on patients' quality of life. Its etiology is multifactorial and, among the predisposing factors, a role is played by oxidative stress. Pollution, recurrent infections, and psychological stress contribute to oxidative stress, amplifying the production of proinflammatory cytokines and worsening barrier damage. There are various oxidative stress mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of AD. Moreover, AD often appears to be associated with psychological disorders such as alexithymia, depression, and anxiety due to severe itching and related insomnia, as well as social distress and isolation. The increasing incidence of AD requires the evaluation of additional therapeutic approaches in order to reduce the psychological burden of this condition. Our review aims to evaluate the role of some nutraceuticals in AD treatment and its related psychological comorbidities. The combination of some natural compounds (flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenes, isothiocyanates) with traditional AD treatments might be useful in improving the effectiveness of therapy, by reducing chronic inflammation and preventing flare-ups, and in promoting corticosteroid sparing. In addition, some of these nutraceuticals also appear to have a role in the treatment of psychological disorders, although the underlying oxidative stress mechanisms are different from those already known for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paola L. Minciullo
- School and Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (C.A.); (S.S.); (S.G.)
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Yang P, Chen YX, Wang TT, Huang XS, Zhan RT, Yang JF, Ma DM. Nudix hydrolase WvNUDX24 is involved in borneol biosynthesis in Wurfbainia villosa. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 118:1218-1231. [PMID: 38323895 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Borneol, camphor, and bornyl acetate are highly promising monoterpenoids widely used in medicine, flavor, food, and chemical applications. Bornyl diphosphate (BPP) serves as a common precursor for the biosynthesis of these monoterpenoids. Although bornyl diphosphate synthase (BPPS) that catalyzes the cyclization of geranyl diphosphate (GPP) to BPP has been identified in multiple plants, the enzyme responsible for the hydrolysis of BPP to produce borneol has not been reported. Here, we conducted in vitro and in vivo functional characterization to identify the Nudix hydrolase WvNUDX24 from W. villosa, which specifically catalyzes the hydrolysis of BPP to generate bornyl phosphate (BP), and then BP forms borneol under the action of phosphatase. Subcellular localization experiments indicated that the hydrolysis of BPP likely occurs in the cytoplasm. Furthermore, site-directed mutagenesis experiments revealed that four critical residues (R84, S96, P98, and G99) for the hydrolysis activity of WvNUDX24. Additionally, the functional identification of phosphatidic acid phosphatase (PAP) demonstrated that WvPAP5 and WvPAP10 were able to hydrolyze geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) and farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) to generate geranylgeranyl phosphate (GGP) and farnesyl phosphate (FP), respectively, but could not hydrolyze BPP, GPP, and neryl diphosphate (NPP) to produce corresponding monophosphate products. These findings highlight the essential role of WvNUDX24 in the first step of BPP hydrolysis to produce borneol and provide genetic elements for the production of BPP-related terpenoids through plant metabolic engineering and synthetic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Synthetic Biology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, 418000, China
| | - Yuan-Xia Chen
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Tian-Tian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xue-Shuang Huang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Synthetic Biology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, 418000, China
| | - Ruo-Ting Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jin-Fen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Dong-Ming Ma
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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Zheng YY, Chen LH, Fan BL, Xu Z, Wang Q, Zhao BY, Gao M, Yuan MH, Tahir Ul Qamar M, Jiang Y, Yang L, Wang L, Li W, Cai W, Ma C, Lu L, Song JM, Chen LL. Integrative multiomics profiling of passion fruit reveals the genetic basis for fruit color and aroma. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 194:2491-2510. [PMID: 38039148 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Passion fruit (Passiflora edulis) possesses a complex aroma and is widely grown in tropical and subtropical areas. Here, we conducted the de novo assembly, annotation, and comparison of PPF (P. edulis Sims) and YPF (P. edulis f. flavicarpa) reference genomes using PacBio, Illumina, and Hi-C technologies. Notably, we discovered evidence of recent whole-genome duplication events in P. edulis genomes. Comparative analysis revealed 7.6∼8.1 million single nucleotide polymorphisms, 1 million insertions/deletions, and over 142 Mb presence/absence variations among different P. edulis genomes. During the ripening of yellow passion fruit, metabolites related to flavor, aroma, and color were substantially accumulated or changed. Through joint analysis of genomic variations, differentially expressed genes, and accumulated metabolites, we explored candidate genes associated with flavor, aroma, and color distinctions. Flavonoid biosynthesis pathways, anthocyanin biosynthesis pathways, and related metabolites are pivotal factors affecting the coloration of passion fruit, and terpenoid metabolites accumulated more in PPF. Finally, by heterologous expression in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), we functionally characterized 12 terpene synthases. Our findings revealed that certain TPS homologs in both YPF and PPF varieties produce identical terpene products, while others yield distinct compounds or even lose their functionality. These discoveries revealed the genetic and metabolic basis of unique characteristics in aroma and flavor between the 2 passion fruit varieties. This study provides resources for better understanding the genome architecture and accelerating genetic improvement of passion fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Yu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Lin-Hua Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Bing-Liang Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Zhenni Xu
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Qiuxia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Bo-Yuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Min Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Min-Hui Yuan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Muhammad Tahir Ul Qamar
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Yuanyuan Jiang
- Henry Fok School of Biology and Agriculture, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan 512005, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Guangxi Crop Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology Laboratory, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Lingqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Weihui Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Wenguo Cai
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Chongjian Ma
- Henry Fok School of Biology and Agriculture, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan 512005, China
| | - Li Lu
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jia-Ming Song
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Ling-Ling Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
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Abstract
Covering: up to July 2023Terpene cyclases (TCs) catalyze some of the most complicated reactions in nature and are responsible for creating the skeletons of more than 95 000 terpenoid natural products. The canonical TCs are divided into two classes according to their structures, functions, and mechanisms. The class II TCs mediate acid-base-initiated cyclization reactions of isoprenoid diphosphates, terpenes without diphosphates (e.g., squalene or oxidosqualene), and prenyl moieties on meroterpenes. The past twenty years witnessed the emergence of many class II TCs, their reactions and their roles in biosynthesis. Class II TCs often act as one of the first steps in the biosynthesis of biologically active natural products including the gibberellin family of phytohormones and fungal meroterpenoids. Due to their mechanisms and biocatalytic potential, TCs elicit fervent attention in the biosynthetic and organic communities and provide great enthusiasm for enzyme engineering to construct novel and bioactive molecules. To engineer and expand the structural diversities of terpenoids, it is imperative to fully understand how these enzymes generate, precisely control, and quench the reactive carbocation intermediates. In this review, we summarize class II TCs from nature, including sesquiterpene, diterpene, triterpene, and meroterpenoid cyclases as well as noncanonical class II TCs and inspect their sequences, structures, mechanisms, and structure-guided engineering studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingming Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Jeffrey D Rudolf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7011, USA.
| | - Liao-Bin Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
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He S, Abdallah II, van Merkerk R, Quax WJ. Insights into taxadiene synthase catalysis and promiscuity facilitated by mutability landscape and molecular dynamics. PLANTA 2024; 259:87. [PMID: 38460012 PMCID: PMC10924717 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-024-04363-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Protein modeling, carbocation docking, and molecular dynamics along with structure-based mutability landscapes provided insight into taxadiene synthase catalysis (first step of the anticancer Taxol biosynthesis), protein structure-function correlations, and promiscuity. Plant terpenes belong to one of the largest and most diverse classes of natural products. This diversity is driven by the terpene synthase enzyme family which comprises numerous different synthases, several of which are promiscuous. Taxadiene synthase (TXS) is a class I diterpene synthase that catalyzes the first step in the biosynthesis pathway of the diterpene Taxol, an anticancer natural product produced by the Taxus plant. Exploring the molecular basis of TXS catalysis and its promiscuous potential garnered interest as a necessary means for understanding enzyme evolution and engineering possibilities to improve Taxol biosynthesis. A catalytically active closed conformation TXS model was designed using the artificial intelligence system, AlphaFold, accompanied by docking and molecular dynamics simulations. In addition, a mutability landscape of TXS including 14 residues was created to probe for structure-function relations. The mutability landscape revealed no mutants with improved catalytic activity compared to wild-type TXS. However, mutations of residues V584, Q609, V610, and Y688 showed high degree of promiscuity producing cembranoid-type and/or verticillene-type major products instead of taxanes. Mechanistic insights into V610F, V584M, Q609A, and Y688C mutants compared to the wild type revealed the trigger(s) for product profile change. Several mutants spanning residues V584, Q609, Y688, Y762, Q770, and F834 increased production of taxa-4(20),11(12)-diene which is a more favorable substrate for Taxol production compared to taxa-4(5),11(12)-diene. Finally, molecular dynamics simulations of the TXS reaction cascade revealed residues involved in ionization, carbocation stabilization, and cyclization ushering deeper understanding of the enzyme catalysis mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi He
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ingy I Abdallah
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ronald van Merkerk
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wim J Quax
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Zhao Y, Chen Y, Gao M, Wang Y. Alcohol dehydrogenases regulated by a MYB44 transcription factor underlie Lauraceae citral biosynthesis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 194:1674-1691. [PMID: 37831423 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Lineage-specific terpenoids have arisen throughout the evolution of land plants and are believed to play a role in interactions between plants and the environment. Species-specific gene clusters in plants have provided insight on the evolution of secondary metabolism. Lauraceae is an ecologically important plant family whose members are also of considerable economic value given their monoterpene contents. However, the gene cluster responsible for the biosynthesis of monoterpenes remains yet to be elucidated. Here, a Lauraceae-specific citral biosynthetic gene cluster (CGC) was identified and investigated using a multifaceted approach that combined phylogenetic, collinearity, and biochemical analyses. The CGC comprises MYB44 as a regulator and 2 alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs) as modifying enzymes, which derived from species-specific tandem and proximal duplication events. Activity and substrate divergence of the ADHs has resulted in the fruit of mountain pepper (Litsea cubeba), a core Lauraceae species, consisting of more than 80% citral. In addition, MYB44 negatively regulates citral biosynthesis by directly binding to the promoters of the ADH-encoding genes. The aggregation of citral biosynthetic pathways suggests that they may form the basis of important characteristics that enhance adaptability. The findings of this study provide insights into the evolution of and the regulatory mechanisms involved in plant terpene biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxiao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311400, China
| | - Yicun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311400, China
| | - Ming Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311400, China
| | - Yangdong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311400, China
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Liu D, Li J, Wang S, Huang T, Tao F, Lin Y, Lin W, Zhao X, Huang Y, Jia Y, Yang Z, Luo C, Zhu Q, Sung WK, Wu J, Yang QY. PlantCFG: A comprehensive database with web tools for analyzing candidate flowering genes in multiple plants. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 5:100733. [PMID: 37849251 PMCID: PMC10873886 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2023.100733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dongxu Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jiawei Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shengbo Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Tingting Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Fangting Tao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yuchen Lin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wei Lin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xinle Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yiming Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yupeng Jia
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhiquan Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chengfang Luo
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qiang Zhu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wing-Kin Sung
- Hong Kong Genome Institute, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Qing-Yong Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Wei G, Xu Y, Xu M, Shi X, Wang J, Feng L. Identification of Volatile Compounds and Terpene Synthase ( TPS) Genes Reveals ZcTPS02 Involved in β-Ocimene Biosynthesis in Zephyranthes candida. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:185. [PMID: 38397175 PMCID: PMC10887521 DOI: 10.3390/genes15020185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Zephyranthes candida is a frequently cultivated ornamental plant containing several secondary metabolites, including alkaloids, flavonoids, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). However, extensive research has been conducted only on non-VOCs found in the plant, whereas the production of VOCs and the molecular mechanisms underlying the biosynthesis of terpenes remain poorly understood. In this study, 17 volatile compounds were identified from Z. candida flowers using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), with 16 of them being terpenoids. Transcriptome sequencing resulted in the identification of 17 terpene synthase (TPS) genes; two TPS genes, ZcTPS01 and ZcTPS02, had high expression levels. Biochemical characterization of two enzymes encoded by both genes revealed that ZcTPS02 can catalyze geranyl diphosphate (GPP) into diverse products, among which is β-ocimene, which is the second most abundant compound found in Z. candida flowers. These results suggest that ZcTPS02 plays a vital role in β-ocimene biosynthesis, providing valuable insights into terpene biosynthesis pathways in Z. candida. Furthermore, the expression of ZcTPS02 was upregulated after 2 h of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatment and downregulated after 4 h of the same treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Liguo Feng
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (G.W.); (Y.X.); (M.X.); (X.S.); (J.W.)
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Zhu YJ, Li JW, Meng H, He WJ, Yang Y, Wei JH. Effects of ethephon on heartwood formation and related physiological indices of Dalbergia odorifera T. Chen. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 14:1281877. [PMID: 38333038 PMCID: PMC10850394 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1281877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Dalbergia odorifera T. Chen, known as fragrant rosewood, is a rare and endangered tree species. Studies have shown that plant growth regulators can effectively promote heartwood formation. This study aimed to investigate the effects of ethephon (ETH) on heartwood formation and the influence of ethephon and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on the physiological characteristics in D. odorifera. Methods D. odorifera branches underwent treatment with 2.5% plant growth regulators, including ETH, jasmonic acid (JA), salicylic acid (SA), abscisic acid (ABA), H2O2, and inhibitors such as ascorbic acid (AsA) to inhibit H2O2 synthesis, and (S) -trans 2-amino-4 - (2-aminoethoxy) -3-butene (AVG) to inhibit ethylene synthesis. After a 14-day period, we conducted an analysis to evaluate the impact of these plant growth regulators on elongation distance, vessel occlusion percentage, and trans-nerol content. Additionally, the effects of ETH and H2O2 on endogenous plant hormones, H2O2 content, soluble protein content, and enzyme activity were investigated within 0-48 h of treatment. Results After treatment with ETH for 14 days, the extension distance of the heartwood material was 15 cm, while the trans-nerolol content was 15 times that of the ABA group. ETH and H2O2 promoted endogenous ethylene synthesis; Ethylene content peaked at 6 and 18 h. The peak ethylene content in the ETH group was 68.07%, 12.89%, and 20.87% higher than the initial value of the H2O2 group and ddH2O group, respectively, and 29.64% higher than that in the AVG group. The soluble protein content and activity of related enzymes were significantly increased following ETH treatment. Discussion ETH exhibited the most impact on heartwood formation while not hindering tree growth. This treatment effectively triggered the production of endogenous ethylene in plants and enhanced the activity of essential enzymes involved in heartwood formation. These findings serve as a valuable reference for future investigations into heartwood formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Jing Zhu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Conservation and Development of Southern Medicine & Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Agarwood Sustainable Utilization, Hainan Branch of the Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Haikou, China
| | - Jia-Wen Li
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Conservation and Development of Southern Medicine & Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Agarwood Sustainable Utilization, Hainan Branch of the Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Haikou, China
| | - Hui Meng
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Conservation and Development of Southern Medicine & Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Agarwood Sustainable Utilization, Hainan Branch of the Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Haikou, China
| | - Wen-Jie He
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Conservation and Development of Southern Medicine & Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Agarwood Sustainable Utilization, Hainan Branch of the Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Haikou, China
| | - Yun Yang
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Conservation and Development of Southern Medicine & Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Agarwood Sustainable Utilization, Hainan Branch of the Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Haikou, China
| | - Jian-He Wei
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Conservation and Development of Southern Medicine & Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Agarwood Sustainable Utilization, Hainan Branch of the Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Haikou, China
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Zhao Y, Liang Y, Luo G, Li Y, Han X, Wen M. Sequence-Structure Analysis Unlocking the Potential Functional Application of the Local 3D Motifs of Plant-Derived Diterpene Synthases. Biomolecules 2024; 14:120. [PMID: 38254720 PMCID: PMC10813164 DOI: 10.3390/biom14010120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Plant-derived diterpene synthases (PdiTPSs) play a critical role in the formation of structurally and functionally diverse diterpenoids. However, the specificity or functional-related features of PdiTPSs are not well understood. For a more profound insight, we collected, constructed, and curated 199 functionally characterized PdiTPSs and their corresponding 3D structures. The complex correlations among their sequences, domains, structures, and corresponding products were comprehensively analyzed. Ultimately, our focus narrowed to the geometric arrangement of local structures. We found that local structural alignment can rapidly localize product-specific residues that have been validated by mutagenesis experiments. Based on the 3D motifs derived from the residues around the substrate, we successfully searched diterpene synthases (diTPSs) from the predicted terpene synthases and newly characterized PdiTPSs, suggesting that the identified 3D motifs can serve as distinctive signatures in diTPSs (I and II class). Local structural analysis revealed the PdiTPSs with more conserved amino acid residues show features unique to class I and class II, whereas those with fewer conserved amino acid residues typically exhibit product diversity and specificity. These results provide an attractive method for discovering novel or functionally equivalent enzymes and probing the product specificity in cases where enzyme characterization is limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalan Zhao
- National Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (G.L.); (X.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity in Southwest China, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Yupeng Liang
- National Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (G.L.); (X.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity in Southwest China, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Gan Luo
- National Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (G.L.); (X.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity in Southwest China, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Yi Li
- College of Mathematics and Computer Science, Dali University, Dali 671003, China
| | - Xiulin Han
- National Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (G.L.); (X.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity in Southwest China, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Mengliang Wen
- National Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (G.L.); (X.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity in Southwest China, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
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Song C, Zhang Y, Manzoor MA, Wei P, Yi S, Chu S, Tong Z, Song X, Xu T, Wang F, Peng H, Chen C, Han B. A chromosome-scale genome of Peucedanum praeruptorum provide insights into Apioideae evolution and medicinal ingredient biosynthesis. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 255:128218. [PMID: 37992933 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Peucedanum praeruptorum Dunn, a traditional Chinese medicine rich in coumarin, belongs to the Apiaceae family. A high-quality assembled genome of P. praeruptorum is lacking, which has posed obstacles to functional identification and molecular evolution studies of genes associated with coumarin production. Here, a chromosome-scale reference genome of P. praeruptorum, an important medicinal and aromatic plant, was first sequenced and assembled using Oxford Nanopore Technologies and Hi-C sequencing. The final assembled genome size was 1.83 Gb, with a contig N50 of 11.12 Mb. The entire BUSCO evaluation and second-generation read comparability rates were 96.0 % and 99.31 %, respectively. Furthermore, 99.91 % of the genome was anchored to 11 pseudochromosomes. The comparative genomic study revealed the presence of 18,593 orthogroups, which included 476 species-specific orthogroups and 1211 expanded gene families. Two whole-genome duplication (WGD) events and one whole-genome triplication (WGT) event occurred in P. praeruptorum. In addition to the γ-WGT shared by core eudicots or most eudicots, the first WGD was shared by Apiales, while the most recent WGD was unique to Apiaceae. Our study demonstrated that WGD events that occurred in Apioideae highlighted the important role of tandem duplication in the biosynthesis of coumarins and terpenes in P. praeruptorum. Additionally, the expansion of the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, O-methyltransferase, ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter, and terpene synthase families may be associated with the abundance of coumarins and terpenoids. Moreover, we identified >170 UDP-glucosyltransferase members that may be involved in the glycosylation post-modification of coumarins. Significant gene expansion was observed in the ABCG, ABCB, and ABCC subgroups of the ABC transporter family, potentially facilitating the transmembrane transport of coumarins after bolting. The P. praeruptorum genome provides valuable insights into the machinery of coumarin biosynthesis and enhances our understanding of Apiaceae evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Song
- Anhui Dabieshan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, Anhui Engineering Research Center for Eco-agriculture of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu'an 237012, China
| | - Yingyu Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Rare Diseases, Endocrinology and Metabolism Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Muhammad Aamir Manzoor
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201109, China
| | - Peipei Wei
- Anhui Dabieshan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, Anhui Engineering Research Center for Eco-agriculture of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu'an 237012, China
| | - Shanyong Yi
- Anhui Dabieshan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, Anhui Engineering Research Center for Eco-agriculture of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu'an 237012, China
| | - Shanshan Chu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Zhenzhen Tong
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Xiangwen Song
- Anhui Dabieshan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, Anhui Engineering Research Center for Eco-agriculture of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu'an 237012, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Anhui Dabieshan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, Anhui Engineering Research Center for Eco-agriculture of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu'an 237012, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Anhui Dabieshan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, Anhui Engineering Research Center for Eco-agriculture of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu'an 237012, China
| | - Huasheng Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China; State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Cunwu Chen
- Anhui Dabieshan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, Anhui Engineering Research Center for Eco-agriculture of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu'an 237012, China.
| | - Bangxing Han
- Anhui Dabieshan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, Anhui Engineering Research Center for Eco-agriculture of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu'an 237012, China.
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Zhao Y, Chen Y, Gao M, Wu L, Wang Y. LcMYB106 suppresses monoterpene biosynthesis by negatively regulating LcTPS32 expression in Litsea cubeba. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 43:2150-2161. [PMID: 37682081 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpad111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Litsea cubeba, the core species of the Lauraceae family, is valuable for the production of essential oils due to its high concentration of monoterpenes (90%). The key monoterpene synthase and metabolic regulatory network of monoterpene biosynthesis have provided new insights for improving essential oil content. However, there are few studies on the regulation mechanism of monoterpenes in L. cubeba. In this study, we investigated LcTPS32, a member of the TPS-b subfamily, and identified its function as an enzyme for the synthesis of monoterpenes, including geraniol, α-pinene, β-pinene, β-myrcene, linalool and eucalyptol. The quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that LcTPS32 was highly expressed in the fruits of L. cubeba and contributed to the characteristic flavor of its essential oil. Overexpression of LcTPS32 resulted in a significant increase in the production of monoterpenes in L. cubeba by activating both the MVA and MEP pathways. Additionally, the study revealed that LcMYB106 played a negative regulatory role in monoterpenes biosynthesis by directly binding to the promoter of LcTPS32. Our study indicates that LcMYB106 could serve as a crucial target for metabolic engineering endeavors, aiming at enhancing the monoterpene biosynthesis in L. cubeba.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxiao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Xiangshan Rd, Beijing 100091, China
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Daqiao Rd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311400, China
| | - Yicun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Xiangshan Rd, Beijing 100091, China
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Daqiao Rd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311400, China
| | - Ming Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Xiangshan Rd, Beijing 100091, China
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Daqiao Rd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311400, China
| | - Liwen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Xiangshan Rd, Beijing 100091, China
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Daqiao Rd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311400, China
| | - Yangdong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Xiangshan Rd, Beijing 100091, China
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Daqiao Rd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311400, China
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22
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Gong D, Li B, Wu B, Fu D, Li Z, Wei H, Guo S, Ding G, Wang B. The Integration of the Metabolome and Transcriptome for Dendrobium nobile Lindl. in Response to Methyl Jasmonate. Molecules 2023; 28:7892. [PMID: 38067620 PMCID: PMC10707931 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28237892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendrobium nobile Lindl., as an endangered medicinal plant within the genus Dendrobium, is widely distributed in southwestern China and has important ecological and economic value. There are a variety of metabolites with pharmacological activity in D. nobile. The alkaloids and polysaccharides contained within D. nobile are very important active components, which mainly have antiviral, anti-tumor, and immunity improvement effects. However, the changes in the compounds and functional genes of D. nobile induced by methyl jasmonate (MeJA) are not clearly understood. In this study, the metabolome and transcriptome of D. nobile were analyzed after exposure to MeJA. A total of 377 differential metabolites were obtained through data analysis, of which 15 were related to polysaccharide pathways and 35 were related to terpenoids and alkaloids pathways. Additionally, the transcriptome sequencing results identified 3256 differentially expressed genes that were discovered in 11 groups. Compared with the control group, 1346 unigenes were differentially expressed in the samples treated with MeJA for 14 days (TF14). Moreover, the expression levels of differentially expressed genes were also significant at different growth and development stages. According to GO and KEGG annotations, 189 and 99 candidate genes were identified as being involved in terpenoid biosynthesis and polysaccharide biosynthesis, respectively. In addition, the co-expression analysis indicated that 238 and 313 transcription factors (TFs) may contribute to the regulation of terpenoid and polysaccharide biosynthesis, respectively. Through a heat map analysis, fourteen terpenoid synthetase genes, twenty-three cytochrome P450 oxidase genes, eight methyltransferase genes, and six aminotransferase genes were identified that may be related to dendrobine biosynthesis. Among them, one sesquiterpene synthase gene was found to be highly expressed after the treatment with MeJA and was positively correlated with the content of dendrobine. This study provides important and valuable metabolomics and transcriptomic information for the further understanding of D. nobile at the metabolic and molecular levels and provides candidate genes and possible intermediate compounds for the dendrobine biosynthesis pathway, which lays a certain foundation for further research on and application of Dendrobium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daoyong Gong
- College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China;
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (B.W.); (H.W.); (S.G.); (G.D.)
| | - Biao Li
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (B.W.); (H.W.); (S.G.); (G.D.)
| | - Bin Wu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (B.W.); (H.W.); (S.G.); (G.D.)
| | - Deru Fu
- Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA;
| | - Zesheng Li
- Dehong Tropical Agriculture Research Institute of Yunnan, Ruili 678600, China;
| | - Haobo Wei
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (B.W.); (H.W.); (S.G.); (G.D.)
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Shunxing Guo
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (B.W.); (H.W.); (S.G.); (G.D.)
| | - Gang Ding
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (B.W.); (H.W.); (S.G.); (G.D.)
| | - Bochu Wang
- College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China;
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23
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Sasidharan R, Brokate L, Eilers EJ, Müller C. Chemodiversity in flowers of Tanacetum vulgare has consequences on a florivorous beetle. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2023; 25:1071-1082. [PMID: 37703504 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
The chemical composition of plant individuals can vary, leading to high intraspecific chemodiversity. Diversity of floral chemistry may impact the responses of flower-feeding insects. Tanacetum vulgare plants vary significantly in their leaf terpenoid composition, forming distinct chemotypes. We investigated the composition of terpenoids and nutrients of flower heads and pollen in plants belonging to three chemotypes - dominated either by β-thujone (BThu), artemisia ketone (Keto) or a mixture of (Z)-myroxide, santolina triene, and artemisyl acetate (Myrox) - using different analytical platforms. We tested the effects of these differences on preferences, weight gain and performance of adults of the shining flower beetle, Olibrus aeneus. The terpenoid composition and diversity of flower heads and pollen significantly differed among individuals belonging to the above chemotypes, while total concentrations of pollen terpenoids, sugars, amino acids, and lipids did not differ. Beetles preferred BThu over the Myrox chemotype in both olfactory and contact choice assays, while the Keto chemotype was marginally repellent according to olfactory assays. The beetles gained the least weight within 48 h and their initial mortality was highest when feeding exclusively on floral tissues of the Myrox chemotype. Short-term weight gain and long-term performance were highest when feeding on the BThu chemotype. In conclusion, the beetles showed chemotype-specific responses towards different T. vulgare chemotypes, which may be attributed to the terpenoid composition in flower heads and pollen rather than to differences in nutrient profiles. Both richness and overall diversity are important factors when determining chemodiversity of individual plants and their consequences on interacting insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sasidharan
- Department of Chemical Ecology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - L Brokate
- Department of Chemical Ecology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - E J Eilers
- Department of Chemical Ecology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
- CTL GmbH Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - C Müller
- Department of Chemical Ecology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
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24
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Zhao L, Cao D, Su Z, Fu X, Li Y, Wei J, Liu J. HrTPS12 gene dramatically enhanced insect resistance of sea buckthorn to infection by fruit fly (Rhagoletis batava obseuriosa Kol.). PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:4172-4185. [PMID: 37318769 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Terpenoids emitted from plants are important for regulating plant-insect interaction. However, it is still unclear how terpenoids affect the host defense system. There are few reports of terpenoids' involvement in the mechanisms that regulate woody plants' insect resistance. RESULTS The (E)-β-ocimene of terpenes was only found in RBO-resist leaves, and its content was higher than that of other type terpenes. Further, we also found (E)-β-ocimene had a significant avoidance effect on RBO and reached 87.5% of the highest avoidance rate. Meanwhile, overexpression of HrTPS12 in Arabidopsis increased the HrTPS12 expression level, (E)-β-ocimene content, and enhanced the defense against RBO. However, silencing HrTPS12 in sea buckthorn revealed that the expression levels of HrTPS12 and (E)-β-ocimene significantly decreased, causing the attraction effect on RBO. CONCLUSION HrTPS12 was an up-regulator, which improves sea buckthorn resistance to RBO by regulating the synthesis of volatile (E)-β-ocimene. These results provide in-depth information about the interaction between RBO and sea buckthorn and provide a theoretical basis for developing plant-based insect repellents that can be used to manage RBO. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Dandan Cao
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, China
- Hebei Innovation Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Zhi Su
- Experimental Center of Desert Forest, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Denkou, China
| | - Xiaohong Fu
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Yanyan Li
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Jianrong Wei
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Jianfeng Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, China
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25
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Sun R, Okabe M, Miyazaki S, Ishida T, Mashiguchi K, Inoue K, Yoshitake Y, Yamaoka S, Nishihama R, Kawaide H, Nakajima M, Yamaguchi S, Kohchi T. Biosynthesis of gibberellin-related compounds modulates far-red light responses in the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha. THE PLANT CELL 2023; 35:4111-4132. [PMID: 37597168 PMCID: PMC10615216 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Gibberellins (GAs) are key phytohormones that regulate growth, development, and environmental responses in angiosperms. From an evolutionary perspective, all major steps of GA biosynthesis are conserved among vascular plants, while GA biosynthesis intermediates such as ent-kaurenoic acid (KA) are also produced by bryophytes. Here, we show that in the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha, KA and GA12 are synthesized by evolutionarily conserved enzymes, which are required for developmental responses to far-red light (FR). Under FR-enriched conditions, mutants of various biosynthesis enzymes consistently exhibited altered thallus growth allometry, delayed initiation of gametogenesis, and abnormal morphology of gamete-bearing structures (gametangiophores). By chemical treatments and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analyses, we confirmed that these phenotypes were caused by the deficiency of some GA-related compounds derived from KA, but not bioactive GAs from vascular plants. Transcriptome analysis showed that FR enrichment induced the up-regulation of genes related to stress responses and secondary metabolism in M. polymorpha, which was largely dependent on the biosynthesis of GA-related compounds. Due to the lack of canonical GA receptors in bryophytes, we hypothesize that GA-related compounds are commonly synthesized in land plants but were co-opted independently to regulate responses to light quality change in different plant lineages during the past 450 million years of evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Sun
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502,Japan
| | - Maiko Okabe
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502,Japan
| | - Sho Miyazaki
- Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, 183-8509,Japan
| | - Toshiaki Ishida
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji 611-0011,Japan
| | | | - Keisuke Inoue
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502,Japan
| | | | - Shohei Yamaoka
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502,Japan
| | - Ryuichi Nishihama
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502,Japan
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda 278-8510,Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kawaide
- Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509,Japan
| | - Masatoshi Nakajima
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657,Japan
| | | | - Takayuki Kohchi
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502,Japan
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26
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Ivamoto-Suzuki ST, Celedón JM, Yuen MMS, Kitzberger CSG, Silva Domingues D, Bohlmann J, Protasio Pereira LF. Functional Characterization of ent-Copalyl Diphosphate Synthase and Kaurene Synthase Genes from Coffea arabica L. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:15863-15873. [PMID: 37816128 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c09087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
The biochemical profile of coffee beans translates directly into quality traits, nutraceutical and health promoting properties of the coffee beverage. Ent-kaurene is the ubiquitous precursor for gibberellin biosynthesis in plants, but it also serves as an intermediate in specialized (i.e., secondary) diterpenoid metabolism that leads to a diversity of more than 1,000 different metabolites. Nutraceutical effects on human health attributed to diterpenes include antioxidant, anticarcinogenic, and anti-inflammatory properties. Cafestol (CAF) and kahweol (KAH) are two diterpenes found exclusively in the Coffea genus. Our objective was to identify and functionally characterize genes involved in the central step of ent-kaurene production. We identified 17 putative terpene synthase genes in the transcriptome of Coffea arabica. Two ent-copalyl diphosphate synthase (CaCPS) and three kaurene synthase (CaKS) were selected and manually annotated. Transcript expression profiles of CaCPS1 and CaKS3 best matched the CAF and KAH metabolite profiles in different tissues. CaCPS1 and CaKS3 proteins were heterologously expressed and functionally characterized. CaCPS1 catalyzes the cyclization of geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) to ent-copalyl diphosphate (ent-CPP), which is converted to ent-kaurene by CaKS3. Knowledge about the central steps of diterpene formation in coffee provides a foundation for future characterization of the subsequent enzymes involved in CAF and KAH biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzana Tiemi Ivamoto-Suzuki
- Grupo de Genômica e Transcriptômica em Plantas, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Biodiversidade, Universidade Estadual Paulista, CEP 13506-900 Rio Claro, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, V6T 1Z4 Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, 86057-970 Londrina, Brazil
| | - José Miguel Celedón
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, V6T 1Z4 Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Macaire M S Yuen
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, V6T 1Z4 Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Douglas Silva Domingues
- Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Departamento de Genética, Universidade de São Paulo, 13418-900 Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Jörg Bohlmann
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, V6T 1Z4 Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Luiz Filipe Protasio Pereira
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Embrapa Café, 70770-901 Brasília, Brazil
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia Vegetal, Instituto de Desenvolvimento Rural do Paraná, 86047-902 Londrina, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, 86057-970 Londrina, Brazil
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27
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Yan XM, Zhou SS, Liu H, Zhao SW, Tian XC, Shi TL, Bao YT, Li ZC, Jia KH, Nie S, Guo JF, Kong L, Porth IM, Mao JF. Unraveling the evolutionary dynamics of the TPS gene family in land plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1273648. [PMID: 37900760 PMCID: PMC10600500 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1273648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Terpenes and terpenoids are key natural compounds for plant defense, development, and composition of plant oil. The synthesis and accumulation of a myriad of volatile terpenoid compounds in these plants may dramatically alter the quality and flavor of the oils, which provide great commercial utilization value for oil-producing plants. Terpene synthases (TPSs) are important enzymes responsible for terpenic diversity. Investigating the differentiation of the TPS gene family could provide valuable theoretical support for the genetic improvement of oil-producing plants. While the origin and function of TPS genes have been extensively studied, the exact origin of the initial gene fusion event - it occurred in plants or microbes - remains uncertain. Furthermore, a comprehensive exploration of the TPS gene differentiation is still pending. Here, phylogenetic analysis revealed that the fusion of the TPS gene likely occurred in the ancestor of land plants, following the acquisition of individual C- and N- terminal domains. Potential mutual transfer of TPS genes was observed among microbes and plants. Gene synteny analysis disclosed a differential divergence pattern between TPS-c and TPS-e/f subfamilies involved in primary metabolism and those (TPS-a/b/d/g/h subfamilies) crucial for secondary metabolites. Biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) analysis suggested a correlation between lineage divergence and potential natural selection in structuring terpene diversities. This study provides fresh perspectives on the origin and evolution of the TPS gene family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Mei Yan
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Shan-Shan Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Shuangyushu No.1 Primary School, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Shi-Wei Zhao
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Xue-Chan Tian
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Tian-Le Shi
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Tao Bao
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Chao Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Kai-Hua Jia
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement & Ecology and Physiology, Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Shuai Nie
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences & Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of High Quality Rice in Southern China (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs & Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing-Fang Guo
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Department of Horticulture and Food, Guangdong Eco-Engineering Polytechnic, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Kong
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Personnel Section, Qufu Nishan National Forest Park Management Service Center, Qufu, China
| | - Ilga M. Porth
- Départment des Sciences du Bois et de la Forêt, Faculté de Foresterie, de Géographie et Géomatique, Université Laval Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Jian-Feng Mao
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Watanabe M, Tohge T. Species-specific 'specialized' genomic region provides the new insights into the functional genomics characterizing metabolic polymorphisms in plants. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 75:102427. [PMID: 37517136 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2023.102427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Functional genomics approaches with comparative omics analyses of wild-accessions and cultivars/wild species, as well as comparative genomic analyses in plant species focusing on gene clusters, have successfully detected key metabolic polymorphisms in plant specialized metabolism. In recent decades, (i) intra-species specific metabolic polymorphisms, (ii) new functionalization of tandem duplicated genes, and (iii) metabolic gene clusters were found as the main factors creating metabolic diversity of specialized metabolites in plants. However, given findings aware us that the identification of genes in plant specialized metabolism requires strategic approaches depending on the target metabolic pathways. The increasing availability of plant genome sequences and transcriptome data has facilitated inter-specific comparative analyses, including genomic analysis and gene co-expression network analysis. Here, we introduce functional genomics approaches with the integration of inter-/intra-species comparative metabolomics, their key roles in providing genomic signatures of metabolic evolution, and discuss future prospects of functional genomics on plant specialized metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutsumi Watanabe
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Takayama-cho 8916-5, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Takayuki Tohge
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Takayama-cho 8916-5, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan.
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Yang P, Ling XY, Zhou XF, Chen YX, Wang TT, Lin XJ, Zhao YY, Ye YS, Huang LX, Sun YW, Qi YX, Ma DM, Zhan RT, Huang XS, Yang JF. Comparing genomes of Fructus Amomi-producing species reveals genetic basis of volatile terpenoid divergence. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 193:1244-1262. [PMID: 37427874 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Wurfbainia longiligularis and Wurfbainia villosa are both rich in volatile terpenoids and are 2 primary plant sources of Fructus Amomi used for curing gastrointestinal diseases. Metabolomic profiling has demonstrated that bornyl diphosphate (BPP)-related terpenoids are more abundant in the W. villosa seeds and have a wider tissue distribution in W. longiligularis. To explore the genetic mechanisms underlying the volatile terpenoid divergence, a high-quality chromosome-level genome of W. longiligularis (2.29 Gb, contig N50 of 80.39 Mb) was assembled. Functional characterization of 17 terpene synthases (WlTPSs) revealed that WlBPPS, along with WlTPS 24/26/28 with bornyl diphosphate synthase (BPPS) activity, contributes to the wider tissue distribution of BPP-related terpenoids in W. longiligularis compared to W. villosa. Furthermore, transgenic Nicotiana tabacum showed that the GCN4-motif element positively regulates seed expression of WvBPPS and thus promotes the enrichment of BPP-related terpenoids in W. villosa seeds. Systematic identification and analysis of candidate TPS in 29 monocot plants from 16 families indicated that substantial expansion of TPS-a and TPS-b subfamily genes in Zingiberaceae may have driven increased diversity and production of volatile terpenoids. Evolutionary analysis and functional identification of BPPS genes showed that BPP-related terpenoids may be distributed only in the Zingiberaceae of monocot plants. This research provides valuable genomic resources for breeding and improving Fructus Amomi with medicinal and edible value and sheds light on the evolution of terpenoid biosynthesis in Zingiberaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Synthetic Biology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua 418000, China
| | - Xu-Yi Ling
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiao-Fan Zhou
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yuan-Xia Chen
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Tian-Tian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Lin
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yu-Shi Ye
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Lin-Xuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ye-Wen Sun
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yu-Xin Qi
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Synthetic Biology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua 418000, China
| | - Dong-Ming Ma
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ruo-Ting Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xue-Shuang Huang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Synthetic Biology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua 418000, China
| | - Jin-Fen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Guo L, Qiao X, Haji D, Zhou T, Liu Z, Whiteman NK, Huang J. Convergent resistance to GABA receptor neurotoxins through plant-insect coevolution. Nat Ecol Evol 2023; 7:1444-1456. [PMID: 37460839 PMCID: PMC10482695 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-023-02127-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms of coevolution between plants and insects remain elusive. GABA receptors are targets of many neurotoxic terpenoids, which represent the most diverse array of natural products known. Over deep evolutionary time, as plant terpene synthases diversified in plants, so did plant terpenoid defence repertoires. Here we show that herbivorous insects and their predators evolved convergent amino acid changing substitutions in duplicated copies of the Resistance to dieldrin (Rdl) gene that encodes the GABA receptor, and that the evolution of duplicated Rdl and terpenoid-resistant GABA receptors is associated with the diversification of moths and butterflies. These same substitutions also evolved in pests exposed to synthetic insecticides that target the GABA receptor. We used in vivo genome editing in Drosophila melanogaster to evaluate the fitness effects of each putative resistance mutation and found that pleiotropy both facilitates and constrains the evolution of GABA receptor resistance. The same genetic changes that confer resistance to terpenoids across 300 Myr of insect evolution have re-evolved in response to synthetic analogues over one human lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Guo
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Diler Haji
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Tianhao Zhou
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhihan Liu
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Noah K Whiteman
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - Jia Huang
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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Kawakami T, Miyazaki S, Kawaide H. Molecular characterization of a moss isoprene synthase provides insight into its evolution. FEBS Lett 2023; 597:2133-2142. [PMID: 37385722 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
This is the first report on the molecular characterization of isoprene synthase (ISPS) from the moss Calohypnum plumiforme. After isoprene emission from C. plumiforme was confirmed, the cDNA encoding C. plumiforme ISPS (CpISPS) was narrowed down using a genome database associated with protein structure prediction, and a CpISPS gene was identified. The recombinant CpISPS, produced in Escherichia coli, converted dimethylallyl diphosphate to isoprene. Phylogenetic analysis indicated similarity between the amino acid sequences of CpISPS and moss diterpene cyclases (DTCs) but not ISPSs of higher plants, implying that CpISPS is derived from moss DTCs and is evolutionarily unrelated to canonical ISPSs of higher plants. CpISPS is a novel class I cyclase of the terpene synthase-c subfamily harboring αβ domains. This study will help further study of isoprene biosynthesis and the physiological functions of isoprene in mosses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Kawakami
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT), Fuchu, Japan
| | - Sho Miyazaki
- Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT), Fuchu, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kawaide
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT), Fuchu, Japan
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Xia C, Zuo Y, Xue T, Kang M, Zhang H, Zhang X, Wang B, Zhang J, Deng H. The genetic structure and demographic history revealed by whole-genome resequencing provide insights into conservation of critically endangered Artocarpus nanchuanensis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1224308. [PMID: 37575939 PMCID: PMC10415164 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1224308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Whole-genome resequencing technology covers almost all nucleotide variations in the genome, which makes it possible to carry out conservation genomics research on endangered species at the whole-genome level. Methods In this study, based on the whole-genome resequencing data of 101 critically endangered Artocarpus nanchuanensis individuals, we evaluated the genetic diversity and population structure, inferred the demographic history and genetic load, predicted the potential distributions in the past, present and future, and classified conservation units to propose targeted suggestions for the conservation of this critically endangered species. Results Whole-genome resequencing for A. nanchuanensis generated approximately 2 Tb of data. Based on abundant mutation sites (25,312,571 single nucleotide polymorphisms sites), we revealed that the average genetic diversity (nucleotide diversity, π) of different populations of A. nanchuanensis was relatively low compared with other trees that have been studied. And we also revealed that the NHZ and QJT populations harboured unique genetic backgrounds and were significantly separated from the other five populations. In addition, positive genetic selective signals, significantly enriched in biological processes related to terpene synthesis, were identified in the NHZ population. The analysis of demographic history of A. nanchuanensis revealed the existence of three genetic bottleneck events. Moreover, abundant genetic loads (48.56% protein-coding genes) were identified in Artocarpus nanchuanensis, especially in genes related to early development and immune function of plants. The predication analysis of suitable habitat areas indicated that the past suitable habitat areas shifted from the north to the south due to global temperature decline. However, in the future, the actual distribution area of A. nanchuanensis will still maintain high suitability. Discussion Based on total analyses, we divided the populations of A. nanchuanensis into four conservation units and proposed a number of practical management suggestions for each conservation unit. Overall, our study provides meaningful guidance for the protection of A. nanchuanensis and important insight into conservation genomics research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changying Xia
- Center for Biodiversity Conservation and Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Youwei Zuo
- Center for Biodiversity Conservation and Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tiantian Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Kang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Center for Biodiversity Conservation and Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoxia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Binru Wang
- Center for Biodiversity Conservation and Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiabin Zhang
- Center for Biodiversity Conservation and Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongping Deng
- Center for Biodiversity Conservation and Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Low Carbon and Ecological Environment Protection Research Center, Chongqing Academy of Science and Technology, Chongqing, China
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Bao T, Kimani S, Li Y, Li H, Yang S, Zhang J, Wang Q, Wang Z, Ning G, Wang L, Gao X. Allelic variation of terpene synthases drives terpene diversity in the wild species of the Freesia genus. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 192:2419-2435. [PMID: 36932696 PMCID: PMC10315281 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Terpene synthases (TPSs) play pivotal roles in conferring the structural diversity of terpenoids, which are mainly emitted from flowers, whereas the genetic basis of the release of floral volatile terpenes remains largely elusive. Though quite similar in sequence, TPS allelic variants still function divergently, and how they drive floral terpene diversity in closely related species remains unknown. Here, TPSs responsible for the floral scent of wild Freesia species were characterized, and the functions of their natural allelic variants, as well as the causal amino acid residues, were investigated in depth. Besides the 8 TPSs previously reported in modern cultivars, 7 additional TPSs were functionally evaluated to contribute to the major volatiles emitted from wild Freesia species. Functional characterization of allelic natural variants demonstrated that allelic TPS2 and TPS10 variants changed the enzymatic capacity while allelic TPS6 variants drove the diversity of floral terpene products. Further residue substitution analysis revealed the minor residues determining the enzyme catalytic activity and product specificity. The clarification of TPSs in wild Freesia species reveals that allelic TPS variants evolved differently to determine the interspecific floral volatile terpenes in the genus and might be used for modern cultivar improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Bao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Shadrack Kimani
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
- School of Pure and Applied Sciences, Karatina University, Karatina 10101, Kenya
| | - Yueqing Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Hongjie Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Song Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Jia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Qiuyue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Zhaoxuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Guogui Ning
- Key laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Li Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
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Pan K, Dai S, Tian J, Zhang J, Liu J, Li M, Li S, Zhang S, Gao B. Chromosome-level genome and multi-omics analyses provide insights into the geo-herbalism properties of Alpinia oxyphylla. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1161257. [PMID: 37360712 PMCID: PMC10285302 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1161257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Alpinia oxyphylla Miquel (A. oxyphylla), one of the "Four Famous South Medicines" in China, is an essential understory cash crop that is planted widely in the Hainan, Guangdong, Guangxi, and Fujian provinces. Particularly, A. oxyphylla from Hainan province is highly valued as the best national product for geo-herbalism and is an important indicator of traditional Chinese medicine efficacy. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the formation of its quality remains unspecified. Methods To this end, we employed a multi-omics approach to investigate the authentic quality formation of A. oxyphylla. Results In this study, we present a high-quality chromosome-level genome assembly of A. oxyphylla, with contig N50 of 76.96 Mb and a size of approximately 2.08Gb. A total of 38,178 genes were annotated, and the long terminal repeats were found to have a high frequency of 61.70%. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated a recent whole-genome duplication event (WGD), which occurred before A. oxyphylla's divergence from W. villosa (~14 Mya) and is shared by other species from the Zingiberaceae family (Ks, ~0.3; 4DTv, ~0.125). Further, 17 regions from four provinces were comprehensively assessed for their metabolite content, and the quality of these four regions varied significantly. Finally, genomic, metabolic, and transcriptomic analyses undertaken on these regions revealed that the content of nootkatone in Hainan was significantly different from that in other provinces. Discussion Overall, our findings provide novel insights into germplasm conservation, geo-herbalism evaluation, and functional genomic research for the medicinal plant A. oxyphylla.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Pan
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, Haikou Key Laboratory of Li Nationality Medicine, Hainan Ouality Monitoring and Technology Service Center for Chinese Materia MedicaRaw Materials, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Shuiping Dai
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, Haikou Key Laboratory of Li Nationality Medicine, Hainan Ouality Monitoring and Technology Service Center for Chinese Materia MedicaRaw Materials, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Jianping Tian
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, Haikou Key Laboratory of Li Nationality Medicine, Hainan Ouality Monitoring and Technology Service Center for Chinese Materia MedicaRaw Materials, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Junqing Zhang
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, Haikou Key Laboratory of Li Nationality Medicine, Hainan Ouality Monitoring and Technology Service Center for Chinese Materia MedicaRaw Materials, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
- Academician Workstation of Hainan Province and The Specific Research Fund of The Innovation Platform for Academicians of Hainan Province, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, Haikou Key Laboratory of Li Nationality Medicine, Hainan Ouality Monitoring and Technology Service Center for Chinese Materia MedicaRaw Materials, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Ming Li
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, Haikou Key Laboratory of Li Nationality Medicine, Hainan Ouality Monitoring and Technology Service Center for Chinese Materia MedicaRaw Materials, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, Haikou Key Laboratory of Li Nationality Medicine, Hainan Ouality Monitoring and Technology Service Center for Chinese Materia MedicaRaw Materials, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Shengkui Zhang
- School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Bingmiao Gao
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, Haikou Key Laboratory of Li Nationality Medicine, Hainan Ouality Monitoring and Technology Service Center for Chinese Materia MedicaRaw Materials, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
- Academician Workstation of Hainan Province and The Specific Research Fund of The Innovation Platform for Academicians of Hainan Province, Haikou, Hainan, China
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Lanier ER, Andersen TB, Hamberger B. Plant terpene specialized metabolism: complex networks or simple linear pathways? THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 114:1178-1201. [PMID: 36891828 PMCID: PMC11166267 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
From the perspectives of pathway evolution, discovery and engineering of plant specialized metabolism, the nature of the biosynthetic routes represents a critical aspect. Classical models depict biosynthesis typically from an end-point angle and as linear, for example, connecting central and specialized metabolism. As the number of functionally elucidated routes increased, the enzymatic foundation of complex plant chemistries became increasingly well understood. The perception of linear pathway models has been severely challenged. With a focus on plant terpenoid specialized metabolism, we review here illustrative examples supporting that plants have evolved complex networks driving chemical diversification. The completion of several diterpene, sesquiterpene and monoterpene routes shows complex formation of scaffolds and their subsequent functionalization. These networks show that branch points, including multiple sub-routes, mean that metabolic grids are the rule rather than the exception. This concept presents significant implications for biotechnological production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Björn Hamberger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, Molecular Plant Sciences Building, 1066 Bogue Street, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA
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36
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Song S, Jin R, Chen Y, He S, Li K, Tang Q, Wang Q, Wang L, Kong M, Dudareva N, Smith BJ, Zhou F, Lu S. The functional evolution of architecturally different plant geranyl diphosphate synthases from geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase. THE PLANT CELL 2023; 35:2293-2315. [PMID: 36929908 PMCID: PMC10226565 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Terpenoids constitute the largest class of plant primary and secondary metabolites with a broad range of biological and ecological functions. They are synthesized from isopentenyl diphosphate and dimethylallyl diphosphate, which in plastids are condensed by geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthases (GGPPSs) to produce GGPP (C20) for diterpene biosynthesis and by geranyl diphosphate synthases (GPPSs) to form GPP (C10) for monoterpene production. Depending on the plant species, unlike homomeric GGPPSs, GPPSs exist as homo- and heteromers, the latter of which contain catalytically inactive GGPPS-homologous small subunits (SSUs) that can interact with GGPPSs. By combining phylogenetic analysis with functional characterization of GGPPS homologs from a wide range of photosynthetic organisms, we investigated how different GPPS architectures have evolved within the GGPPS protein family. Our results reveal that GGPPS gene family expansion and functional divergence began early in nonvascular plants, and that independent parallel evolutionary processes gave rise to homomeric and heteromeric GPPSs. By site-directed mutagenesis and molecular dynamics simulations, we also discovered that Leu-Val/Val-Ala pairs of amino acid residues were pivotal in the functional divergence of homomeric GPPSs and GGPPSs. Overall, our study elucidated an evolutionary path for the formation of GPPSs with different architectures from GGPPSs and uncovered the molecular mechanisms involved in this differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ruitao Jin
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Yufan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Sitong He
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Kui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qian Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Linjuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Mengjuan Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Natalia Dudareva
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Brian J Smith
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Fei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Nanjing University, Shenzhen 518000, China
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37
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Wen T, Xu X, Ren A, Zhao G, Wu J. Genome-wide identification of terpenoid synthase family genes in Gossypium hirsutum and functional dissection of its subfamily cadinene synthase A in gossypol synthesis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1162237. [PMID: 37180387 PMCID: PMC10169749 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1162237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Plant terpenoid synthase (TPS) family genes participate in metabolite synthesis, hormones, gossypol, etc. Here, we genome-widely identified TPS family genes in 12 land plant species. Four hundred and thirty TPS-related genes were divided into seven subfamilies. The TPS-c in Bryophytes was suggested to be the earliest subfamily, followed by the TPS-e/f and TPS-h presence in ferns. TPS-a, the largest number of genes, was derived from monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants. Collinearity analysis showed that 38 out of the 76 TPS genes in G. hirsutum were collinear within G. arboreum and G. raimondii. Twenty-one GhTPS-a genes belong to the cadinene synthase (GhCDN) subfamily and were divided into five groups, A, B, C, D, and E. The special cis-elements in the promoters of 12 GhCDN-A genes suggested that the JA and ethylene signaling pathways may be involved in their expression regulation. When 12 GhCDN-A genes were simultaneously silenced through virus-induced gene silencing, the glandular color of GhCDN-A-silenced plants was lighter than that of the control, supported by a gossypol content decrease based on HPLC testing, suggesting that GhCDN-A subgroup genes participate in gossypol synthesis. According to RNA-seq analysis, gossypol synthesis-related genes and disease-resistant genes in the glandular variety exhibited upregulated expression compared to the glandless variety, whereas hormone signaling-related genes were downregulated. All in all, these results revealed plant TPS gene evolution rules and dissected the TPS subfamily, GhCDN-A, function in gossypol synthesis in cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyang Wen
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiao Xu
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Aiping Ren
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ge Zhao
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiahe Wu
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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38
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Schulz S. Introduction to volatile natural products. Nat Prod Rep 2023; 40:759-760. [PMID: 37060144 DOI: 10.1039/d3np90015k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Guest editor Stefan Schulz introduces this Natural Products Reports themed issue summarizing recent progress in volatile natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Schulz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
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39
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Lemos Cruz P, Carqueijeiro I, Koudounas K, Bomzan DP, Stander EA, Abdallah C, Kulagina N, Oudin A, Lanoue A, Giglioli-Guivarc'h N, Nagegowda DA, Papon N, Besseau S, Clastre M, Courdavault V. Identification of a second 16-hydroxytabersonine-O-methyltransferase suggests an evolutionary relationship between alkaloid and flavonoid metabolisms in Catharanthus roseus. PROTOPLASMA 2023; 260:607-624. [PMID: 35947213 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-022-01801-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The medicinal plant Catharanthus roseus biosynthesizes many important drugs for human health, including the anticancer monoterpene indole alkaloids (MIAs) vinblastine and vincristine. Over the past decades, the continuous increase in pharmaceutical demand has prompted several research groups to characterize MIA biosynthetic pathways for considering future metabolic engineering processes of supply. In line with previous work suggesting that diversification can potentially occur at various steps along the vindoline branch, we were here interested in investigating the involvement of distinct isoforms of tabersonine-16-O-methyltransferase (16OMT) which plays a pivotal role in the MIA biosynthetic pathway. By combining homology searches based on the previously characterized 16OMT1, phylogenetic analyses, functional assays in yeast, and biochemical and in planta characterizations, we identified a second isoform of 16OMT, referred to as 16OMT2. 16OMT2 appears to be a multifunctional enzyme working on both MIA and flavonoid substrates, suggesting that a constrained evolution of the enzyme for accommodating the MIA substrate has probably occurred to favor the apparition of 16OMT2 from an ancestral specific flavonoid-O-methyltransferase. Since 16OMT1 and 16OMT2 displays a high sequence identity and similar kinetic parameters for 16-hydroxytabersonine, we postulate that 16OMT1 may result from a later 16OMT2 gene duplication accompanied by a continuous neofunctionalization leading to an almost complete loss of flavonoid O-methyltransferase activity. Overall, these results participate in increasing our knowledge on the evolutionary processes that have likely led to enzyme co-optation for MIA synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Lemos Cruz
- Université de Tours, EA2106 "Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales", Tours, France
| | - Ines Carqueijeiro
- Université de Tours, EA2106 "Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales", Tours, France
| | | | - Dikki Pedenla Bomzan
- Molecular Plant Biology and Biotechnology Lab, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Research Centre, Bengaluru, 560065, India
| | - Emily Amor Stander
- Université de Tours, EA2106 "Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales", Tours, France
| | - Cécile Abdallah
- Université de Tours, EA2106 "Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales", Tours, France
| | - Natalja Kulagina
- Université de Tours, EA2106 "Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales", Tours, France
| | - Audrey Oudin
- Université de Tours, EA2106 "Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales", Tours, France
| | - Arnaud Lanoue
- Université de Tours, EA2106 "Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales", Tours, France
| | | | - Dinesh A Nagegowda
- Molecular Plant Biology and Biotechnology Lab, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Research Centre, Bengaluru, 560065, India
| | - Nicolas Papon
- Univ Angers, Univ Brest, IRF, SFR, ICAT, F-49000, Angers, France
| | - Sébastien Besseau
- Université de Tours, EA2106 "Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales", Tours, France
| | - Marc Clastre
- Université de Tours, EA2106 "Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales", Tours, France
| | - Vincent Courdavault
- Université de Tours, EA2106 "Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales", Tours, France.
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40
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Wang Z, Nelson DR, Zhang J, Wan X, Peters RJ. Plant (di)terpenoid evolution: from pigments to hormones and beyond. Nat Prod Rep 2023; 40:452-469. [PMID: 36472136 PMCID: PMC9945934 DOI: 10.1039/d2np00054g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Covering: up to 2014-2022.Diterpenoid biosynthesis in plants builds on the necessary production of (E,E,E)-geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) for photosynthetic pigment production, with diterpenoid biosynthesis arising very early in land plant evolution, enabling stockpiling of the extensive arsenal of (di)terpenoid natural products currently observed in this kingdom. This review will build upon that previously published in the Annual Review of Plant Biology, with a stronger focus on enzyme structure-function relationships, as well as additional insights into the evolution of (di)terpenoid metabolism since generated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibiao Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.,Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics & Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50014, USA.
| | - David R Nelson
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Juan Zhang
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Shunde Innovation School, Research Center of Biology and Agriculture, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100024, China.
| | - Xiangyuan Wan
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Shunde Innovation School, Research Center of Biology and Agriculture, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100024, China.
| | - Reuben J Peters
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics & Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50014, USA.
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41
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Cui A, Jin Y, Li Y, Nie T, Sun L. Systematic identification of TPS genes in Gossypium and their characteristics in response to flooding stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1126884. [PMID: 36844072 PMCID: PMC9945120 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1126884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Terpene synthases (TPS) is a key enzyme in the synthesis of plant terpenoids. Studies on TPSs have not been reported in Gossypium barbadense and Gossypium arboreum. 260 TPSs were identified in Gossypium, including 71 in Gossypium hirsutum, 75 in Gossypium. barbadense, 60 in Gossypium. arboreum, and 54 in Gossypium raimondii. We systematically analyzed the TPS gene family of Gossypium from three aspects: gene structure, evolutionary process and gene function. (1) Gene structure: Based on the protein structure of two conserved domains (PF01397 and PF03936), the TPS gene family is divided into five clades: TPS -a, -b, -c, -e/f and -g. (2) Evolution: Whole genome duplication and segmental duplication are the main modes of TPS gene amplification. (3) Function: The abundance of cis-acting elements may reveal the functional diversity of TPSs in cotton. TPS gene has tissue specific expression in cotton. The hypomethylation of the exon of TPSs may help to enhance the adaptability of cotton to flooding stress. In conclusion, this study can broaden the understanding of structure-evolution-function of the TPS gene family, and provide reference for the mining and verification of new genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aihua Cui
- Scientific Research Office, Economic Crop Institute of Jiangxi Province, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yunqian Jin
- College of Agronomy, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Yongqi Li
- Scientific Research Office, Economic Crop Institute of Jiangxi Province, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Taili Nie
- Scientific Research Office, Economic Crop Institute of Jiangxi Province, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Liangqing Sun
- Scientific Research Office, Economic Crop Institute of Jiangxi Province, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China
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42
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Zhang C, Chen W, Dong T, Wang Y, Yao M, Xiao W, Li B. Elimination of enzymes catalysis compartmentalization enhancing taxadiene production in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1141272. [PMID: 36890913 PMCID: PMC9986319 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1141272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Taxadiene is an important precursor in taxol biosynthesis pathway, but its biosynthesis in eukaryotic cell factories is limited, which seriously hinders the biosynthesis of taxol. In this study, it is found that there was the catalysis compartmentalization between two key exogenous enzymes of geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase and taxadiene synthase (TS) for taxadiene synthesis progress, due to their different subcellular localization. Firstly, the enzyme-catalysis compartmentalization was overcome by means of the intracellular relocation strategies of taxadiene synthase, including N-terminal truncation of taxadiene synthase and enzyme fusion of GGPPS-TS. With the help of two strategies for enzyme relocation, the taxadiene yield was increased by 21% and 54% respectively, among them the GGPPS-TS fusion enzyme is more effective. Further, the expression of GGPPS-TS fusion enzyme was improved via the multi-copy plasmid, resulting that the taxadiene titer was increased by 38% to 21.8 mg/L at shake-flask level. Finally, the maximum taxadiene titer of 184.2 mg/L was achieved by optimization of the fed-batch fermentation conditions in 3 L bioreactor, which is the highest reported titer of taxadiene biosynthesis accomplished in eukaryotic microbes. This study provides a successful example for improving biosynthesis of complex natural products by solving the critical problem of multistep enzymes catalysis compartmentalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglong Zhang
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wang Chen
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Tianyu Dong
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Mingdong Yao
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenhai Xiao
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.,Georgia Tech Shenzhen Institute, Tianjin University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bingzhi Li
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
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43
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Chen L, Xia B, Li Z, Liu X, Bai Y, Yang Y, Gao W, Meng Q, Xu N, Sun Y, Li Q, Yue L, He M, Zhou Y. Syringa oblata genome provides new insights into molecular mechanism of flower color differences among individuals and biosynthesis of its flower volatiles. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1078677. [PMID: 36618636 PMCID: PMC9811319 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1078677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Syringa oblata is a high ornamental value tree owing to its elegant colors, unique aromas and wide adaptability, however, studies on the molecular mechanism underlying the formation of its ornamental traits are still lacking. Here, we presented a chromosome-scale genome assembly of S. oblata and the final genome size was 1.11 Gb with a contig N50 of 4.75 Mb, anchored on 23 chromosomes and was a better reference for S. oblata transcriptome assembly. Further by integrating transcriptomic and metabolic data, it was concluded that F3H, F3'H, 4CL and PAL, especially the F3'H, were important candidates involved in the formation of floral color differences among S. oblata individuals. Genome-wide identification and analysis revealed that the TPS-b subfamily was the most abundant subfamily of TPS family in S. oblata, which together with the CYP76 family genes determined the formation of the major floral volatiles of S. oblata. Overall, our results provide an important reference for mechanistic studies on the main ornamental traits and molecular breeding in S. oblata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifei Chen
- College of Horticulture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Bin Xia
- College of Landscape Architecture, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Ziwei Li
- College of Landscape Architecture, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaowei Liu
- College of Landscape Architecture, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Yun Bai
- College of Horticulture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yujia Yang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Wenjie Gao
- School of Ecological Technology and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingran Meng
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Xu
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Ying Sun
- College of Landscape Architecture, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Qiang Li
- College of Landscape Architecture, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Liran Yue
- College of Landscape Architecture, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Miao He
- College of Landscape Architecture, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Yunwei Zhou
- College of Horticulture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
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44
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In Silico Genome-Wide Mining and Analysis of Terpene Synthase Gene Family in Hevea Brasiliensis. Biochem Genet 2022; 61:1185-1209. [DOI: 10.1007/s10528-022-10311-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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45
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Li M, Li X, Zhou J, Sun Y, Du J, Wang Z, Luo Y, Zhang Y, Chen Q, Wang Y, Lin Y, Zhang Y, He W, Wang X, Tang H. Genome-wide identification and analysis of terpene synthase ( TPS) genes in celery reveals their regulatory roles in terpenoid biosynthesis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1010780. [PMID: 36247575 PMCID: PMC9557977 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1010780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Terpenes are an important class of secondary metabolites in celery, which determine its flavor. Terpene synthase (TPS) has been established as a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of terpenes. This study systematically analyzed all members of the TPS gene family of celery (Apium graveolens) based on whole genome data. A total of 39 celery TPS genes were identified, among which TPS-a and TPS-b represented the two largest subfamilies. 77 cis-element types were screened in the promoter regions of AgTPS genes, suggesting the functional diversity of members of this family. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses showed that AgTPS genes were enriched in multiple terpenoid biosynthesis pathways. Transcript abundance analysis and qRT-PCR showed that most AgTPS genes were differentially expressed in different tissues and colors of celery, with AgTPS 6, 9, and 11 expressed differentially in tissues, while AgTPS31, 32, and 38 are expressed differently in colors. More than 70% of the celery volatile compounds identified by HS-SPME-GC/MS were terpene, and the most critical compounds were β-Myrcene, D-Limonene, β-Ocimene and γ-Terpinene. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that compounds (E)-β-Ocimene, D-Limonene, β-Myrcene and γ-Terpinene predominantly accounted for the variation. Further correlation analysis between gene expression and terpenoid accumulation showed that the four genes AgTPS9, 25, 31 and 38 genes may have positive regulatory effects on the synthesis of D-Limonene and β-Myrcene in celery. Overall, this study identified key candidate genes that regulate the biosynthesis of volatile compounds and provide the foothold for the development and utilization of terpenoids in celery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyao Li
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin Zhou
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yue Sun
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiageng Du
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ya Luo
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qing Chen
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Wang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Pomology & Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuanxiu Lin
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Pomology & Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunting Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Pomology & Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wen He
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Pomology & Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaorong Wang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Pomology & Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haoru Tang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Pomology & Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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46
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Nguyen TD, Dang TTT. Old path, new frontier. Nat Chem Biol 2022; 18:582-583. [PMID: 35606557 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-022-01045-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Trinh-Don Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Irving K. Barber Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Thu-Thuy T Dang
- Department of Chemistry, Irving K. Barber Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada.
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