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Ünal ZE, Terzi Z, Yalvaç B, Geary DC. The relation between number line performance and mathematics outcomes: Two meta-analyses. Dev Sci 2024; 27:e13509. [PMID: 38576189 DOI: 10.1111/desc.13509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the magnitudes represented by numerals is a core component of early mathematical development and is often assessed by accuracy in situating numerals and fractions on a number line. Performance on these measures is consistently related to performance in other mathematics domains, but the strength of these relations may be overestimated because general cognitive ability has not been fully controlled in prior studies. The first of two meta-analyses (162 studies, 33,101 participants) confirmed a relation between performance on whole number (r = 0.33) and fractions number (r = 0.41) lines and overall mathematics performance. These relations were generally consistent across content domains (e.g., algebra and computation) and other moderators. The second (71 studies, 14,543 participants) used meta-analytic structural equation modeling to confirm these relations while controlling general cognitive ability (defined by IQ and working memory measures) and, in one analysis, general mathematics competence. The relation between number line performance and general mathematics competence remained significant but reduced (β = 0.13). Controlling general cognitive ability, whole number line performance consistently predicted competence with fractions but not performance on numeracy or computations measures. The results suggest an understanding of the magnitudes represented by whole numbers might be particularly important for students' fractions learning. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Two meta-analyses examined the link between the number line and mathematics performance. The first revealed significant relations across domains (e.g., algebra and computation). The second controlled for general cognitive ability and resulted in reduced but still significant relations. The relation between number line and fractions performance was stronger than relations to other domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehra E Ünal
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, USA
| | - Züleyha Terzi
- Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Bogaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Beyzanur Yalvaç
- Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Bogaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - David C Geary
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, USA
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2
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Podvalny E, Sanchez-Romero R, Cole MW. Functionality of arousal-regulating brain circuitry at rest predicts human cognitive abilities. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhae192. [PMID: 38745558 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhae192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Arousal state is regulated by subcortical neuromodulatory nuclei, such as locus coeruleus, which send wide-reaching projections to cortex. Whether higher-order cortical regions have the capacity to recruit neuromodulatory systems to aid cognition is unclear. Here, we hypothesized that select cortical regions activate the arousal system, which, in turn, modulates large-scale brain activity, creating a functional circuit predicting cognitive ability. We utilized the Human Connectome Project 7T functional magnetic resonance imaging dataset (n = 149), acquired at rest with simultaneous eye tracking, along with extensive cognitive assessment for each subject. First, we discovered select frontoparietal cortical regions that drive large-scale spontaneous brain activity specifically via engaging the arousal system. Second, we show that the functionality of the arousal circuit driven by bilateral posterior cingulate cortex (associated with the default mode network) predicts subjects' cognitive abilities. This suggests that a cortical region that is typically associated with self-referential processing supports cognition by regulating the arousal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ella Podvalny
- Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers University, 197 University Ave, Newark, NJ 07102, United States
| | - Ruben Sanchez-Romero
- Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers University, 197 University Ave, Newark, NJ 07102, United States
| | - Michael W Cole
- Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers University, 197 University Ave, Newark, NJ 07102, United States
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3
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Podvalny E, Sanchez-Romero R, Cole MW. Functionality of arousal-regulating brain circuitry at rest predicts human cognitive abilities. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.09.574917. [PMID: 38617344 PMCID: PMC11014470 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.09.574917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Arousal state is regulated by subcortical neuromodulatory nuclei, such as locus coeruleus, which send wide-reaching projections to cortex. Whether higher-order cortical regions have the capacity to recruit neuromodulatory systems to aid cognition is unclear. Here, we hypothesized that select cortical regions activate the arousal system, which in turn modulates large-scale brain activity, creating a functional circuit predicting cognitive ability. We utilized the Human Connectome Project 7T functional magnetic resonance imaging dataset (N=149), acquired at rest with simultaneous eye tracking, along with extensive cognitive assessment for each subject. First, we discovered select frontoparietal cortical regions that drive large-scale spontaneous brain activity specifically via engaging the arousal system. Second, we show that the functionality of the arousal circuit driven by bilateral posterior cingulate cortex (associated with the default mode network) predicts subjects' cognitive abilities. This suggests that a cortical region that is typically associated with self-referential processing supports cognition by regulating the arousal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ella Podvalny
- Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Ruben Sanchez-Romero
- Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Michael W. Cole
- Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
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Koevoet D, Strauch C, Van der Stigchel S, Mathôt S, Naber M. Revealing visual working memory operations with pupillometry: Encoding, maintenance, and prioritization. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. COGNITIVE SCIENCE 2024; 15:e1668. [PMID: 37933423 DOI: 10.1002/wcs.1668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Pupillary dynamics reflect effects of distinct and important operations of visual working memory: encoding, maintenance, and prioritization. Here, we review how pupil size predicts memory performance and how it provides novel insights into the mechanisms of each operation. Visual information must first be encoded into working memory with sufficient precision. The depth of this encoding process couples to arousal-linked baseline pupil size as well as a pupil constriction response before and after stimulus onset, respectively. Subsequently, the encoded information is maintained over time to ensure it is not lost. Pupil dilation reflects the effortful maintenance of information, wherein storing more items is accompanied by larger dilations. Lastly, the most task-relevant information is prioritized to guide upcoming behavior, which is reflected in yet another dilatory component. Moreover, activated content in memory can be pupillometrically probed directly by tagging visual information with distinct luminance levels. Through this luminance-tagging mechanism, pupil light responses reveal whether dark or bright items receive more attention during encoding and prioritization. Together, conceptualizing pupil responses as a sum of distinct components over time reveals insights into operations of visual working memory. From this viewpoint, pupillometry is a promising avenue to study the most vital operations through which visual working memory works. This article is categorized under: Psychology > Attention Psychology > Memory Psychology > Theory and Methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Koevoet
- Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Christoph Strauch
- Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Sebastiaan Mathôt
- Department of Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marnix Naber
- Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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5
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Gao Q, Zhang Y, Wang X, Wang R, Zhang L. Regulation of nociception threshold by norepinephrine through adrenergic α2 receptor in rat models of Parkinson's disease. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14446. [PMID: 37721421 PMCID: PMC10916421 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanism of pain symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD) is unclear. Norepinephrine (NE) regulates neuropathic pain through ascending and descending pathways. However, the loss of NE neurons in the brain of patients with PD is obvious, it is speculated that NE is involved in the occurrence of PD pain symptoms. AIMS To investigate the effect of NE on the activation of brain cells through adrenergic α2 receptor, so as to regulate the nociception threshold in a 6-OHDA-induced animal model of PD. METHODS PD rat model was established by 6-OHDA injection (6-OHDA group). DSP-4 (or anti-DBH-saporin) was used to reduce the NE level of the PD rat brain. The heat sensitivity threshold (HST) and pressure withdrawal threshold (PWT) were measured. Tyrosine hydroxylase and NE in rat brains were detected by Elisa. The percentage of GFAP-positive cells in the prefrontal cortex, cingulate gyrus and striatum of rats was detected by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. GFAP protein was semiquantified by method of western blot. Then yohimbine and guanfacine were used to increase the NE level in PD rats, and the above experimental changes were observed after drug application. RESULTS The contents of NE in the brain of 6-OHDA-induced PD rats were lower than that of control group. After DSP-4 (or anti-DBH-saporin) injection, PD rats showed the lowest NE level (compared with 6-OHDA group, p ≤ 0.05), and after yohimbine and guanfacine were applied to 6-OHDA group, the contents of NE increased in the prefrontal cortex of rats. The HST and PWT of 6-OHDA group were significantly lower than those of control group, and after DSP-4 (or anti-DBH-saporin) injection, the HST and PWT of rats were lower than those of 6-OHDA group, and after the administration of yohimbine and guanfacine, both HST and PWT were significantly increased. GFAP-positive cells increased in prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate gyrus of 6-OHDA group rats, and more significantly increased after DSP-4 (or anti-DBH-saporin) injection, and significantly reduced after yohimbine and guanfacine were used. CONCLUSIONS The change of norepinephrine content can affect the activation of prefrontal and cingulate gyrus glial cells and participate in the regulation of nociception threshold in PD rats. Adrenergic α2 receptor agonist and central presynaptic membrane α2 receptor blocker both affect cell activation and improve hyperalgesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Gao
- Department of NeurologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Yingying Zhang
- Department of NeurologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- Department of NeurologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of NeurologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Limei Zhang
- Department of NeurologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbinChina
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Hahn L, Eickhoff SB, Mueller K, Schilbach L, Barthel H, Fassbender K, Fliessbach K, Kornhuber J, Prudlo J, Synofzik M, Wiltfang J, Diehl-Schmid J, Otto M, Dukart J, Schroeter ML. Resting-state alterations in behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia are related to the distribution of monoamine and GABA neurotransmitter systems. eLife 2024; 13:e86085. [PMID: 38224473 PMCID: PMC10789488 DOI: 10.7554/elife.86085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Aside to clinical changes, behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) is characterized by progressive structural and functional alterations in frontal and temporal regions. We examined if there is a selective vulnerability of specific neurotransmitter systems in bvFTD by evaluating the link between disease-related functional alterations and the spatial distribution of specific neurotransmitter systems and their underlying gene expression levels. Methods Maps of fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF) were derived as a measure of local activity from resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging for 52 bvFTD patients (mean age = 61.5 ± 10.0 years; 14 females) and 22 healthy controls (HC) (mean age = 63.6 ± 11.9 years; 13 females). We tested if alterations of fALFF in patients co-localize with the non-pathological distribution of specific neurotransmitter systems and their coding mRNA gene expression. Furthermore, we evaluated if the strength of co-localization is associated with the observed clinical symptoms. Results Patients displayed significantly reduced fALFF in frontotemporal and frontoparietal regions. These alterations co-localized with the distribution of serotonin (5-HT1b and 5-HT2a) and γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAa) receptors, the norepinephrine transporter (NET), and their encoding mRNA gene expression. The strength of co-localization with NET was associated with cognitive symptoms and disease severity of bvFTD. Conclusions Local brain functional activity reductions in bvFTD followed the distribution of specific neurotransmitter systems indicating a selective vulnerability. These findings provide novel insight into the disease mechanisms underlying functional alterations. Our data-driven method opens the road to generate new hypotheses for pharmacological interventions in neurodegenerative diseases even beyond bvFTD. Funding This study has been supported by the German Consortium for Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration, funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF; grant no. FKZ01GI1007A).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Hahn
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain & Behaviour (INM-7), Research Centre JülichJülichGermany
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Simon B Eickhoff
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain & Behaviour (INM-7), Research Centre JülichJülichGermany
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Karsten Mueller
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain SciencesLeipzigGermany
| | - Leonhard Schilbach
- LVR-Klinikum DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
- Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchenGermany
| | - Henryk Barthel
- Department for Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital LeipzigLeipzigGermany
| | - Klaus Fassbender
- Department of Neurology, Saarland University HospitalHomburgGermany
| | - Klaus Fliessbach
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital BonnBonnGermany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)BonnGermany
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-NurembergErlangenGermany
| | - Johannes Prudlo
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)BonnGermany
- Department of Neurology, University Medicine RostockRostockGermany
| | - Matthis Synofzik
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)BonnGermany
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Center of Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain ResearchTübingenGermany
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)BonnGermany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG), Medical University GöttingenGöttingenGermany
- Neurosciences and Signaling Group, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of AveiroAveiroPortugal
| | - Janine Diehl-Schmid
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technical University of MunichMunichGermany
- kbo-Inn-Salzach-Klinikum, Clinical Center for Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, Psychosomatic Medicine, Geriatrics and NeurologyWasserburg/InnGermany
| | | | - Markus Otto
- Department of Neurology, Ulm UniversityUlmGermany
- Department of Neurology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-WittenbergHalleGermany
| | - Juergen Dukart
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain & Behaviour (INM-7), Research Centre JülichJülichGermany
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Matthias L Schroeter
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain SciencesLeipzigGermany
- Clinic for Cognitive Neurology, University Hospital LeipzigLeipzigGermany
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Liu S, Zhou C, Fang Y, Zhu B, Wu H, Wu C, Guo T, Wu J, Wen J, Qin J, Chen J, Duanmu X, Tan S, Guan X, Xu X, Zhang M, Zhang B, Zhao G, Yan Y. Assessing the Role of Locus Coeruleus Degeneration in Essential Tremor and Parkinson's Disease with Sleep Disorders. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2024; 14:833-842. [PMID: 38728202 PMCID: PMC11191536 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-240001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Background Previous studies have demonstrated the importance of the locus coeruleus (LC) in sleep-wake regulation. Both essential tremor (ET) and Parkinson's disease (PD) share common sleep disorders, such as poor quality of sleep (QoS). LC pathology is a feature of both diseases. A question arises regarding the contribution of LC degeneration to the occurrence of poor QoS. Objective To evaluate the association between LC impairment and sleep disorders in ET and PD patients. Methods A total of 83 patients with ET, 124 with PD, and 83 healthy individuals were recruited and divided into ET/PD with/without poor QoS (Sle/NorET and Sle/NorPD) subgroups according to individual Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) score. Neuromelanin-sensitive magnetic resonance imaging (NM-MRI) and free-water imaging derived from diffusion MRI were performed. Subsequently, we evaluated the association between contrast-to-noise ratio of LC (CNRLC) and free-water value of LC (FWLC) with PSQI scores in ET and PD groups. Results CNRLC was significantly lower in ET (p = 0.047) and PD (p = 0.018) than in healthy individuals, whereas no significant difference was found in FWLC among the groups. No significant differences were observed in CNR/FWLC between patients with/without sleep disorders after multiple comparison correction. No correlation was identified between CNR/FWLC and PSQI in ET and PD patients. Conclusions LC degeneration was observed in both ET and PD patients, implicating its involvement in the pathophysiology of both diseases. Additionally, no significant association was observed between LC integrity and PSQI, suggesting that LC impairment might not directly relate to overall QoS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sicheng Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Cheng Zhou
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuelin Fang
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bingting Zhu
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haoting Wu
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chenqing Wu
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tao Guo
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingjing Wu
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiaqi Wen
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianmei Qin
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingwen Chen
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaojie Duanmu
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Sijia Tan
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaojun Guan
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaojun Xu
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Minming Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Baorong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guohua Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yaping Yan
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Riley E, Cicero N, Swallow K, De Rosa E, Anderson A. Locus coeruleus neuromelanin accumulation and dissipation across the lifespan. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.17.562814. [PMID: 37905002 PMCID: PMC10614878 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.17.562814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
The pigment neuromelanin, produced in the locus coeruleus (LC) as a byproduct of catecholamine synthesis, gives the "blue spot" its name, and both identifies LC neurons and is thought to play an important yet complex role in normal and pathological aging. Using neuromelanin-sensitive T1-weighted turbo spin echo MRI scans we characterized volume and neuromelanin signal intensity in the LC of 96 participants between the ages of 19 and 86. Although LC volume did not change significantly throughout the lifespan, LC neuromelanin signal intensity increased from early adulthood, peaked around age 60 and precipitously declined thereafter. Neuromelanin intensity was greater in the caudal relative to rostral extent and in women relative to men. With regard to function, rostral LC neuromelanin intensity was associated with fluid cognition in older adults (60+) only in those above the 50th percentile of cognitive ability for age. The gradual accumulation of LC neuromelanin across the lifespan, its sudden dissipation in later life, and relation to preserved cognitive function, is consistent with its complex role in normal and pathological aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Eve De Rosa
- Department of Psychology, Cornell University
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9
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Robison MK, Campbell S. Baseline pupil diameter does not correlate with fluid intelligence. Psychon Bull Rev 2023; 30:1988-2001. [PMID: 37012578 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-023-02273-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
There has been debate regarding the correlation between baseline/resting state measures of pupil diameter and cognitive abilities such as working memory capacity and fluid intelligence. A positive correlation between baseline pupil diameter and cognitive ability has been cited as evidence for a role of the locus coeruleus-norepinephrine (LC-NE) and its functional connection with cortical networks as a reason for individual differences in fluid intelligence (Tsukahara & Engle, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 118(46), e2110630118, 2021a). Several recent attempts to replicate this correlation have failed. The current studies make another attempt and find substantial evidence against a positive correlation between pupil diameter and intelligence. Given the data from the current studies in combination with other recent failures to replicate, we conclude that individual differences in baseline pupil diameter should not be used as evidence for a role of the LC-NE system in goal-directed cognitive activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew K Robison
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA.
| | - Stephen Campbell
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
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10
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Sun J, Ma J, Gao L, Wang J, Zhang D, Chen L, Fang J, Feng T, Wu T. Disruption of locus coeruleus-related functional networks in Parkinson's disease. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2023; 9:81. [PMID: 37253752 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-023-00532-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Locus coeruleus (LC) is severely affected in Parkinson's Disease (PD). However, alterations in LC-related resting-state networks (RSNs) in PD remain unclear. We used resting-state functional MRI to investigate the alterations in functional connectivity (FC) of LC-related RSNs and the associations between RSNs changes and clinical features in idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) and PD patients with (PDRBD+) and without RBD (PDRBD-). There was a similarly disrupted FC pattern of LC-related RSNs in iRBD and PDRBD+ patients, whereas LC-related RSNs were less damaged in PDRBD- patients than that in patients with iRBD and PDRBD+. The FC of LC-related RSNs correlated with cognition and duration in iRBD, depression in PDRBD-, and cognition and severity of RBD in patients with PDRBD+. Our findings demonstrate that LC-related RSNs are significantly disrupted in the prodromal stage of α-synucleinopathies and proposed body-first PD (PDRBD+), but are less affected in brain-first PD (PDRBD-).
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyan Sun
- Center for Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinghong Ma
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Linlin Gao
- Department of General Medicine, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Junling Wang
- Center for Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Dongling Zhang
- Center for Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Chen
- Center for Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiliang Fang
- Department of Radiology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Feng
- Center for Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Tao Wu
- Center for Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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11
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He H, Hong L, Sajda P. Pupillary response is associated with the reset and switching of functional brain networks during salience processing. PLoS Comput Biol 2023; 19:e1011081. [PMID: 37172067 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The interface between processing internal goals and salient events in the environment involves various top-down processes. Previous studies have identified multiple brain areas for salience processing, including the salience network (SN), dorsal attention network, and the locus coeruleus-norepinephrine (LC-NE) system. However, interactions among these systems in salience processing remain unclear. Here, we simultaneously recorded pupillometry, EEG, and fMRI during an auditory oddball paradigm. The analyses of EEG and fMRI data uncovered spatiotemporally organized target-associated neural correlates. By modeling the target-modulated effective connectivity, we found that the target-evoked pupillary response is associated with the network directional couplings from late to early subsystems in the trial, as well as the network switching initiated by the SN. These findings indicate that the SN might cooperate with the pupil-indexed LC-NE system in the reset and switching of cortical networks, and shed light on their implications in various cognitive processes and neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengda He
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Linbi Hong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Paul Sajda
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
- Data Science Institute, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
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Robison MK, Ralph KJ, Gondoli DM, Torres A, Campbell S, Brewer GA, Gibson BS. Testing locus coeruleus-norepinephrine accounts of working memory, attention control, and fluid intelligence. COGNITIVE, AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2023:10.3758/s13415-023-01096-2. [PMID: 37081225 PMCID: PMC10118234 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-023-01096-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
The current set of studies examined the relationship among working memory capacity, attention control, fluid intelligence, and pupillary correlates of tonic arousal regulation and phasic responsiveness in a combined sample of more than 1,000 participants in two different age ranges (young adults and adolescents). Each study was designed to test predictions made by two recent theories regarding the role of the locus coeruleus-norepinephrine (LC-NE) system in determining individual differences in cognitive ability. The first theory, proposed by Unsworth and Robison (2017a), posits two important individual differences: the moment-to-moment regulation of tonic arousal, and the phasic responsiveness of the system to goal-relevant stimuli. The second theory, proposed by Tsukahara and Engle (2021a), argues that people with higher cognitive abilities have greater functional connectivity between the LC-NE system and cortical networks at rest. These two theories are not mutually exclusive, but they make different predictions. Overall, we found no evidence consistent with a resting-state theory. However, phasic responsiveness was consistently correlated with working memory capacity, attention control, and fluid intelligence, supporting a prediction made by Unsworth and Robison (2017a). Tonic arousal regulation was not correlated with working memory or fluid intelligence and was inconsistently correlated with attention control, which offers only partial support for Unsworth and Robison's (2017a) second prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew K Robison
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA.
| | - Kathryn J Ralph
- Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Dawn M Gondoli
- Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Alexis Torres
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Stephen Campbell
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Gene A Brewer
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Bradley S Gibson
- Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
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Geary DC, Hoard MK, Nugent L, Ünal ZE. Sex Differences in Developmental Pathways to Mathematical Competence. JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY 2023; 115:212-228. [PMID: 36743332 PMCID: PMC9897599 DOI: 10.1037/edu0000763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The study tested the hypothesis that there are sex differences in the pathways to mathematical development. Three hundred forty-two adolescents (169 boys) were assessed in various mathematics areas from arithmetic fluency to algebra across 6th to 9th grade, inclusive, and completed a battery of working memory, spatial, and intelligence measures in middle school. Their middle school and 9th grade teachers reported on their in-class attentive behavior. There were no sex differences in overall mathematics performance, but boys had advantages on all spatial measures (ds = .29 to .58) and girls were more attentive in classroom settings (ds = -.28 to -.37). A series of structural equation models indicated that 6th- to 9th-grade mathematical competence was influenced by a combination of general cognitive ability, spatial abilities, and in-class attention. General cognitive ability was important for both sexes but the spatial pathway to mathematical competence was relatively more important for boys and the in-class attention pathway for girls.
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Spatial contextual recognition memory updating is modulated by dopamine release in the dorsal hippocampus from the locus coeruleus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2208254119. [PMID: 36442129 PMCID: PMC9894183 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2208254119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Detecting novelty is critical to consolidate declarative memories, such as spatial contextual recognition memory. It has been shown that stored memories, when retrieved, are susceptible to modification, incorporating new information through an updating process. Catecholamine release in the hippocampal CA1 region consolidates an object location memory (OLM). This work hypothesized that spatial contextual memory updating could be changed by decreasing catecholamine release in the hippocampal CA1 terminals from the locus coeruleus (LC). In a mouse model expressing Cre-recombinase under the control of the tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) promoter, memory updating was impaired by photoinhibition of the CA1 catecholaminergic terminals from the LC (LC-CA1) but not from the ventral tegmental area (VTA-CA1). In vivo microdialysis confirmed that the extracellular concentration of both dopamine (DA) and noradrenaline (NA) decreased after photoinhibition of the LC-CA1 terminals (but not VTA-CA1) during the OLM update session. Furthermore, DA D1/D5 and beta-adrenergic receptor antagonists disrupted behavior, but only the former impaired memory updating. Finally, photoinhibition of LC-CA1 terminals suppressed long-term potentiation (LTP) induction in Schaffer's collaterals as a plausible mechanism for memory updating. These data will help understand the underpinning mechanisms of DA in spatial contextual memory updating.
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Kuwamizu R, Yamazaki Y, Aoike N, Ochi G, Suwabe K, Soya H. Pupil-linked arousal with very light exercise: pattern of pupil dilation during graded exercise. J Physiol Sci 2022; 72:23. [DOI: 10.1186/s12576-022-00849-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
AbstractAlthough it has been hypothesized that moderate to vigorous exercise immediately modulates cognition via ascending arousal system activation, such activation during very-light to light exercise has remained uncertain. Here, we aimed to uncover the exact exercise intensity necessary for ascending arousal system activation using pupillometry. The pupil diameter, psychological arousal, and ventilation during graded exercise of 26 young males were analyzed based on %$${\dot{V}}_{{\text{O}}_{\text{2peak}}}$$
V
˙
O
2peak
. Pupils dilated with very-light exercise compared to rest, stabilized, and then drastically increased again with moderate exercise and above. Pupil dilation with very-light exercise was positively correlated with increases in psychological arousal. Thus, we have shown that there are two phases of pupil dilation during graded exercise: one with very-light exercise coinciding with psychological arousal response, and the other with moderate exercise or above similar to the ventilation increase pattern. This unique pupil dilation pattern provides physiological evidence of ascending arousal system activation with very-light exercise.
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Executive Functions in Decision Making under Ambiguity and Risk in Healthy Adults: A Scoping Review Adopting the Hot and Cold Executive Functions Perspective. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12101335. [PMID: 36291269 PMCID: PMC9599766 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12101335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Decision making (DM) has a pivotal role in supporting individual autonomy and well-being. It is considered a complex ability exploiting many cognitive functions, among which executive functions (EFs) are crucial. Few studies analyzed the role played by EFs in DM in healthy adults under ambiguity and risk, which are common conditions for most decisions in daily life. This scoping review aims to analyze the relationships between two individual tasks widely used to assess DM under these conditions (Iowa Gambling Task and Game of Dice Task) and EFs. According to the organizing principle that conceptualizes hot and cold EFs, DM under such conditions mainly implies hot EFs, but the relationship with cold EFs is still unclear. Using such an approach, a comprehensive framework is provided, highlighting main findings and identifying possible gaps in the literature. The results suggest different roles played by cold EFs in DM under ambiguity and risk, according to the characteristics of the tasks. The findings can offer guidance to further studies and to design interventions to support DM in healthy adults.
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Can a Neandertal meditate? An evolutionary view of attention as a core component of general intelligence. INTELLIGENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2022.101668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Coors A, Breteler MMB, Ettinger U. Processing speed, but not working memory or global cognition, is associated with pupil diameter during fixation. Psychophysiology 2022; 59:e14089. [PMID: 35521807 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mean pupil size during fixation has been suggested to reflect interindividual differences in working memory and fluid intelligence. However, due to small samples with limited age range (17-35 years) and suboptimal light conditions in previous studies, these associations are still controversial and it is unclear whether they are observed at older ages. Therefore, we assessed whether interindividual differences in cognitive performance are reflected in pupil diameter during fixation and whether these associations are age-dependent. We analyzed pupillometry and cognition data of 4560 individuals aged 30-95 years of the community-based Rhineland Study. Pupillometry data were extracted from a one-minute fixation task. The cognitive test battery included tests of oculomotor control, working memory, episodic verbal memory, processing speed, executive function, and crystallized intelligence. For data analysis, we used multivariable regression models. Working memory and global cognition were not associated with pupil diameter during fixation. Better processing speed performance was associated with larger pupil diameter during fixation. Associations between cognition and pupil diameter during fixation hardly varied with age, but pupil diameter during fixation declined linearly with age (adjusted decline: 0.33 mm per 10 years of age). There were no significant sex differences in pupil size. We conclude that interindividual differences in mean pupil diameter during fixation may partly reflect interindividual differences in the speed of processing and response generation. We could not confirm that interindividual differences in working memory and fluid intelligence are reflected in pupil size during fixation; however, our sample differed in age range from previous studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabell Coors
- Population Health Sciences, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Monique M B Breteler
- Population Health Sciences, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,Institute for Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Steinhauer SR, Bradley MM, Siegle GJ, Roecklein KA, Dix A. Publication guidelines and recommendations for pupillary measurement in psychophysiological studies. Psychophysiology 2022; 59:e14035. [PMID: 35318693 PMCID: PMC9272460 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A variety of psychological and physical phenomena elicit variations in the diameter of pupil of the eye. Changes in pupil size are mediated by the relative activation of the sphincter pupillae muscle (decrease pupil diameter) and the dilator pupillae muscle (increase pupil diameter), innervated by the parasympathetic and sympathetic branches, respectively, of the autonomic nervous system. The current guidelines are intended to inform and guide psychophysiological research involving pupil measurement by (1) summarizing important aspects concerning the physiology of the pupil, (2) providing methodological and data-analytic guidelines and recommendations, and (3) briefly reviewing psychological phenomena that modulate pupillary reactivity. Because of the increased ease and tractability of pupil measurement, the goal of these guidelines is to promote accurate recording, analysis, and reporting of pupillary data in psychophysiological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart R Steinhauer
- Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, VISN 4 MIRECC, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Greg J Siegle
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Annika Dix
- Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Centre for Tactile Internet with Human-in-the-Loop (CeTI), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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