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Greco G, Misseroni D, Castellucci F, Di Novo NG, Pugno NM. Functionally-Graded Serrated Fangs Allow Spiders to Mechanically Cut Silk, Carbon and Kevlar Fibers. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2406079. [PMID: 39303205 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202406079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
Before humans and allegedly any animal group, spiders developed "functionally graded toothed blades" that cut one of the toughest biological materials: silk. Here, this work reveals the importance of micro-structured serrations in spiders' fangs that allow these animals to cut silk and artificial high-performance fibers, such as carbon or Kevlar. The importance of serrations revolves around the stress concentration at the interface between the fang and the fibers, resulting in a cutting efficiency superior to that of a razor blade. This efficiency is increased by the presence of pretension in the fibers and is high also for fibers with different diameters like silk, because of the serration grading that allows a smart positioning of the fiber in the optimal cutting condition. This work proposes that when the silk fiber is grasped by the fang, it slides along the serrated edge till it gets locked in the serration with a comparable size, where the load to cut is minimal. These results provide a new perspective on cutting mechanisms and set the roots for spider fang-inspired cutting tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Greco
- Department of Animal Biosciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, 750 07, Sweden
- Laboratory for Bio-Inspired, Bionic, Nano, Meta, Materials & Mechanics, Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Via Mesiano, 77, Trento, 38123, Italy
| | - Diego Misseroni
- Laboratory for the Design of Reconfigurable Metamaterials & Structures, Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Via Mesiano, 77, Trento, 38123, Italy
| | - Filippo Castellucci
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences-University of Bologna, via Selmi 3, Bologna, 40126, Italy
- Zoology Section, Natural History Museum of Denmark-University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - Nicolò G Di Novo
- Laboratory for Bio-Inspired, Bionic, Nano, Meta, Materials & Mechanics, Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Via Mesiano, 77, Trento, 38123, Italy
| | - Nicola M Pugno
- Laboratory for Bio-Inspired, Bionic, Nano, Meta, Materials & Mechanics, Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Via Mesiano, 77, Trento, 38123, Italy
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK
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2
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Wang Y, Wu K, Zhang X, Li X, Wang Y, Gao H. Superior fracture resistance and topology-induced intrinsic toughening mechanism in 3D shell-based lattice metamaterials. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadq2664. [PMID: 39213350 PMCID: PMC11364102 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adq2664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Lattice metamaterials have demonstrated remarkable mechanical properties at low densities. As these architected materials advance toward real-world applications, their tolerance for damage and defects becomes a limiting factor. However, a thorough understanding of the fracture resistance and fracture mechanisms in lattice metamaterials, particularly for the emerging shell-based lattices, has remained elusive. Here, using a combination of in situ fracture experiments and finite element simulations, we show that shell-based lattice metamaterials with Schwarz P minimal surface topology exhibit superior fracture resistance compared to conventional octet truss lattices, with average improvements in initiation toughness up to 150%. This superiority is attributed to the unique shell-based architecture that enables more efficient load transfer and higher energy dissipation through material damage, structural plasticity, and material plasticity. Our study reveals a topology-induced intrinsic toughening mechanism in shell-based lattices and highlights these architectures as a superior design route for creating lightweight and high-performance mechanical metamaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Wang
- Institute of High Performance Computing (IHPC), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138632, Singapore
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, College of Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 70 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Kunlin Wu
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, College of Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 70 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Department of Advanced Manufacturing and Robotics, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Mechano-X Institute, Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yifan Wang
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, College of Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 70 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Huajian Gao
- Institute of High Performance Computing (IHPC), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138632, Singapore
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, College of Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 70 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- Mechano-X Institute, Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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3
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Tang C, Lu W, Zhang Y, Zhang W, Cui C, Liu P, Han L, Qian X, Chen L, Xu F, Mai Y. Toward Ultrahigh Rate and Cycling Performance of Cathode Materials of Sodium Ion Battery by Introducing a Bicontinuous Porous Structure. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2402005. [PMID: 38598862 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202402005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
The emerging sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are one of the most promising candidates expected to complement lithium-ion batteries and diversify the battery market. However, the exploitation of cathode materials with high-rate performance and long-cycle stability for SIBs has remained one of the major challenges. To this end, an efficient approach to enhance rate and cycling performance by introducing an ordered bicontinuous porous structure into cathode materials of SIBs is demonstrated. Prussian blue analogues (PBAs) are selected because they are recognized as a type of most promising SIB cathode materials. Thanks to the presence of 3D continuous channels enabling fast Na+ ions diffusion as well as the intrinsic mechanical stability of bicontinuous architecture, the resultant PBAs exhibit excellent rate capability (80 mAh g-1 at 2.5 A g-1) and ultralong cycling life (>3000 circulations at 0.5 A g-1), reaching the top performance of the reported PBA-based cathode materials. This study opens a new avenue for boosting sluggish ion diffusion kinetics in electrodes of rechargeable batteries and also provides a new paradigm for solving the dilemma that electrodes' failure due to high-stress concentration upon ion storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Tang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Key Laboratory of Green and High-End Utilization of Salt Lake Resources (Chinese Academy of Sciences), In-situ Center for Physical Sciences, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Wei Lu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, Interdisciplinary Research Center, Institute of Refrigeration and Cryogenics, and MOE Key Laboratory for Power Machinery and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yixiao Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Key Laboratory of Green and High-End Utilization of Salt Lake Resources (Chinese Academy of Sciences), In-situ Center for Physical Sciences, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Wenwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Congcong Cui
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Pan Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Lu Han
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xiaoshi Qian
- School of Mechanical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, Interdisciplinary Research Center, Institute of Refrigeration and Cryogenics, and MOE Key Laboratory for Power Machinery and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Liwei Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Key Laboratory of Green and High-End Utilization of Salt Lake Resources (Chinese Academy of Sciences), In-situ Center for Physical Sciences, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Fugui Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Key Laboratory of Green and High-End Utilization of Salt Lake Resources (Chinese Academy of Sciences), In-situ Center for Physical Sciences, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yiyong Mai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Key Laboratory of Green and High-End Utilization of Salt Lake Resources (Chinese Academy of Sciences), In-situ Center for Physical Sciences, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
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4
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Tang J, Liang H, Ren A, Ma L, Hao W, Yao Y, Zheng L, Li H, Li Q. Mechanical Performance of Copper-Nanocluster-Polymer Nanolattices. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2400080. [PMID: 38553432 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202400080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
A type of copper-nanocluster-polymer composites is reported and showcased that their 3D nanolattices exhibit a superior combination of high strength, toughness, deformability, resilience, and damage-tolerance. Notably, the strength and toughness of ultralight copper-nanocluster-polymer nanolattices in some cases surpass current best performers, including alumina, nickel, and other ceramic or metallic lattices at low densities. Additionally, copper-nanocluster-polymer nanolattices are super-resilient, crack-resistant, and one-step printed under ambient condition which can be easily integrated into sophisticated microsystems as highly effective internal protectors. The findings suggest that, unlike traditional nanocomposites, the laser-induced interface and the high fraction of ultrasmall Cu15 nanoclusters as crosslinking junctions contribute to the marked nonlinear elasticity of copper-nanocluster-polymer network, which synergizes with the lattice-topology effect and culminates in the exceptional mechanical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Tang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Heyi Liang
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - An Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Liang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Wei Hao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Yuqing Yao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Letian Zheng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Hanying Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Qi Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
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5
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Zou G, Sow CH, Wang Z, Chen X, Gao H. Mechanomaterials and Nanomechanics: Toward Proactive Design of Material Properties and Functionalities. ACS NANO 2024; 18:11492-11502. [PMID: 38676670 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c03194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
While conventional mechanics of materials offers a passive understanding of the mechanical properties of materials in existing forms, a paradigm shift, referred to as mechanomaterials, is emerging to enable the proactive programming of materials' properties and functionalities by leveraging force-geometry-property relationships. One of the foundations of this new paradigm is nanomechanics, which permits functional and structural materials to be designed based on principles from the nanoscale and beyond. Although the field of mechanomaterials is still in its infancy at the present time, we discuss the current progress in three specific directions closely linked to nanomechanics and provide perspectives on these research foci by considering the potential research directions, chances for success, and existing research capabilities. We believe this new research paradigm will provide future materials solutions for infrastructure, healthcare, energy, and environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guijin Zou
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, College of Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Chorng Haur Sow
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542, Singapore
| | - Zhisong Wang
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542, Singapore
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Innovative Center for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck-NTU Joint Laboratory for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Huajian Gao
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, College of Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- Mechano-X Institute, Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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6
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Liu Y, Wang Y, Ren H, Meng Z, Chen X, Li Z, Wang L, Chen W, Wang Y, Du J. Ultrastiff metamaterials generated through a multilayer strategy and topology optimization. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2984. [PMID: 38582903 PMCID: PMC10998847 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47089-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Metamaterials composed of different geometrical primitives have different properties. Corresponding to the fundamental geometrical forms of line, plane, and surface, beam-, plate-, and shell-based lattice metamaterials enjoy many advantages in many aspects, respectively. To fully exploit the advantages of each structural archetype, we propose a multilayer strategy and topology optimization technique to design lattice metamaterial in this study. Under the frame of the multilayer strategy, the design space is enlarged and diversified, and the design freedom is increased. Topology optimization is applied to explore better designs in the larger and diverse design space. Beam-plate-shell-combined metamaterials automatically emerge from the optimization to achieve ultrahigh stiffness. Benefiting from high stiffness, energy absorption performances of optimized results also demonstrate substantial improvements under large geometrical deformation. The multilayer strategy and topology optimization can also bring a series of tunable dimensions for lattice design, which helps achieve desired mechanical properties, such as isotropic elasticity and functionally grading material property, and superior performances in acoustic tuning, electrostatic shielding, and fluid field tuning. We envision that a broad array of synthetic and composite metamaterials with unprecedented performance can be designed with the multilayer strategy and topology optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, PR China
- School of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yongzhen Wang
- School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Hongyuan Ren
- School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Zhiqiang Meng
- School of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xueqian Chen
- School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Zuyu Li
- School of Automation, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, China.
- School of Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Liwei Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Yifan Wang
- School of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jianbin Du
- School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, PR China.
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7
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Taale M, Schamberger B, Monclus MA, Dolle C, Taheri F, Mager D, Eggeler YM, Korvink JG, Molina-Aldareguia JM, Selhuber-Unkel C, Lantada AD, Islam M. Microarchitected Compliant Scaffolds of Pyrolytic Carbon for 3D Muscle Cell Growth. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2303485. [PMID: 38150609 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202303485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
The integration of additive manufacturing technologies with the pyrolysis of polymeric precursors enables the design-controlled fabrication of architected 3D pyrolytic carbon (PyC) structures with complex architectural details. Despite great promise, their use in cellular interaction remains unexplored. This study pioneers the utilization of microarchitected 3D PyC structures as biocompatible scaffolds for the colonization of muscle cells in a 3D environment. PyC scaffolds are fabricated using micro-stereolithography, followed by pyrolysis. Furthermore, an innovative design strategy using revolute joints is employed to obtain novel, compliant structures of architected PyC. The pyrolysis process results in a pyrolysis temperature- and design-geometry-dependent shrinkage of up to 73%, enabling the geometrical features of microarchitected compatible with skeletal muscle cells. The stiffness of architected PyC varies with the pyrolysis temperature, with the highest value of 29.57 ± 0.78 GPa for 900 °C. The PyC scaffolds exhibit excellent biocompatibility and yield 3D cell colonization while culturing skeletal muscle C2C12 cells. They further induce good actin fiber alignment along the compliant PyC construction. However, no conclusive myogenic differentiation is observed here. Nevertheless, these results are highly promising for architected PyC scaffolds as multifunctional tissue implants and encourage more investigations in employing compliant architected PyC structures for high-performance tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadreza Taale
- Institute for Molecular Systems Engineering and Advanced Materials (IMSEAM), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 225, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Barbara Schamberger
- Institute for Molecular Systems Engineering and Advanced Materials (IMSEAM), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 225, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Christian Dolle
- Microscopy of Nanoscale Structures and Mechanisms (MNM), Laboratory for Electron Microscopy (LEM), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstr. 7, D-76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Fereydoon Taheri
- Institute for Molecular Systems Engineering and Advanced Materials (IMSEAM), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 225, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dario Mager
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Yolita M Eggeler
- Microscopy of Nanoscale Structures and Mechanisms (MNM), Laboratory for Electron Microscopy (LEM), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstr. 7, D-76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jan G Korvink
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Jon M Molina-Aldareguia
- IMDEA Materials Institute, Eric Kandel, 2, Getafe, 28906, Spain
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, José Gutierréz Abascal, 2, Madrid, 28006, Spain
| | - Christine Selhuber-Unkel
- Institute for Molecular Systems Engineering and Advanced Materials (IMSEAM), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 225, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andrés Díaz Lantada
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, José Gutierréz Abascal, 2, Madrid, 28006, Spain
| | - Monsur Islam
- IMDEA Materials Institute, Eric Kandel, 2, Getafe, 28906, Spain
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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8
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Butruille T, Crone JC, Portela CM. Decoupling particle-impact dissipation mechanisms in 3D architected materials. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2313962121. [PMID: 38306480 PMCID: PMC10861910 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2313962121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Ultralight architected materials enabled by advanced manufacturing processes have achieved density-normalized strength and stiffness properties that are inaccessible to bulk materials. However, the majority of this work has focused on static loading and elastic-wave propagation. Fundamental understanding of the mechanical behavior of architected materials under large-deformation dynamic conditions remains limited, due to the complexity of mechanical responses and shortcomings of characterization methods. Here, we present a microscale suspended-plate impact testing framework for three-dimensional micro-architected materials, where supersonic microparticles to velocities of up to 850 m/s are accelerated against a substrate-decoupled architected material to quantify its energy dissipation characteristics. Using ultra-high-speed imaging, we perform in situ quantification of the impact energetics on two types of architected materials as well as their constituent nonarchitected monolithic polymer, indicating a 47% or greater increase in mass-normalized energy dissipation under a given impact condition through use of architecture. Post-mortem characterization, supported by a series of quasi-static experiments and high-fidelity simulations, shed light on two coupled mechanisms of energy dissipation: material compaction and particle-induced fracture. Together, experiments and simulations indicate that architecture-specific resistance to compaction and fracture can explain a difference in dynamic impact response across architectures. We complement our experimental and numerical efforts with dimensional analysis which provides a predictive framework for kinetic-energy absorption as a function of material parameters and impact conditions. We envision that enhanced understanding of energy dissipation mechanisms in architected materials will serve to define design considerations toward the creation of lightweight impact-mitigating materials for protective applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Butruille
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
| | - Joshua C. Crone
- Physical Modeling and Simulation Branch, DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD21005
| | - Carlos M. Portela
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
- Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
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Ren Y, Zhang C, Liu Y, Kong W, Yang X, Niu H, Qiang L, Yang H, Yang F, Wang C, Wang J. Advances in 3D Printing of Highly Bioadaptive Bone Tissue Engineering Scaffolds. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:255-270. [PMID: 38118130 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c01129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
The number of patients with bone defects caused by trauma, bone tumors, and osteoporosis has increased considerably. The repair of irregular, recurring, and large bone defects poses a great challenge to clinicians. Bone tissue engineering is emerging as an appropriate strategy to replace autologous bone grafting in the repair of critically sized bone defects. However, the suitability of bone tissue engineering scaffolds in terms of structure, mechanics, degradation, and the microenvironment is inadequate. Three-dimensional (3D) printing is an advanced additive-manufacturing technology widely used for bone repair. 3D printing constructs personalized structurally adapted scaffolds based on 3D models reconstructed from CT images. The contradiction between the mechanics and degradation is resolved by altering the stacking structure. The local microenvironment of the implant is improved by designing an internal pore structure and a spatiotemporal factor release system. Therefore, there has been a boom in the 3D printing of personalized bone repair scaffolds. In this review, successful research on the preparation of highly bioadaptive bone tissue engineering scaffolds using 3D printing is presented. The mechanisms of structural, mechanical, degradation, and microenvironmental adaptations of bone prostheses and their interactions were elucidated to provide a feasible strategy for constructing highly bioadaptive bone tissue engineering scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Ren
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Shandong 261041, China
- Southwest JiaoTong University College of Medicine, No. 111 North first Section of Second Ring Road, Chengdu 610036, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implant, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Changru Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implant, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Yihao Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implant, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Weiqing Kong
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 59 Haier Road, Qingdao 266000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xue Yang
- Southwest JiaoTong University College of Medicine, No. 111 North first Section of Second Ring Road, Chengdu 610036, China
| | - Haoyi Niu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implant, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Lei Qiang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, P. R. China
| | - Han Yang
- Med-X Research Institute, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Fei Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implant, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Chengwei Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implant, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Jinwu Wang
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Shandong 261041, China
- Southwest JiaoTong University College of Medicine, No. 111 North first Section of Second Ring Road, Chengdu 610036, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implant, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China
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10
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Zhang L, Xiu X, Li Z, Su R, Li X, Ma S, Ma F. Coated Porous Microneedles for Effective Intradermal Immunization with Split Influenza Vaccine. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:6880-6890. [PMID: 37967566 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c01212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
In order to alleviate the pain associated with subcutaneous injections, microneedles (MNs) are gaining increasing attention as a novel transdermal drug delivery modality. Among them, porous microneedles (pMNs) are particularly suitable for the delivery of drugs and vaccines whose activity is sensitive to the microneedle preparation process. They can carry drugs actively to achieve an effective load and deliver drugs into the skin. In this study, the biocompatible cellulose acetate (CA) microporous MNs with a large pore size of 1.13 μm ± 0.45 and a high porosity of 74.8% ± 2.8% were prepared by using a safe nonsolvent-induced phase separation (NIPS) method. The MN patches prepared after adsorption of appropriate concentrations of split influenza vaccine fully met the dose loading requirements. A biocompatible carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) solution was used in the pMN coating to strengthen their mechanical properties, with an average maximum stress of 32.89 N, and to act as a medium for the dispersion of an adjuvant in the coating layer. The influenza vaccine adsorbed in the micropore and the adjuvant dispersed in the coating were released intradermally to exert synergistic effects with different release patterns and rates. The coated pMNs induced an efficient immune response in Wistar rats with a hemagglutination inhibition (HI) titer of ≥1024, which was comparable to that of intramuscular injection. The research is organized around the goal of engineering exploration of innovative technologies, suggesting that pMNs have a tantalizing prospect for future applications. It opens up the possibility of eventually obtaining a simple, easy-to-use, and efficient application technology for the prevention of global epidemics like influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Laboratory of Biologics and Biomaterials, College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang University of Technology, Deqing 313216, China
| | - Xueliang Xiu
- Laboratory of Biologics and Biomaterials, College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang University of Technology, Deqing 313216, China
| | - Zhipeng Li
- Laboratory of Biologics and Biomaterials, College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang University of Technology, Deqing 313216, China
| | - Rui Su
- Laboratory of Biologics and Biomaterials, College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang University of Technology, Deqing 313216, China
| | - Xuemei Li
- Laboratory of Biologics and Biomaterials, College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang University of Technology, Deqing 313216, China
| | - Shichao Ma
- Laboratory of Biologics and Biomaterials, College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang University of Technology, Deqing 313216, China
| | - Fengsen Ma
- Laboratory of Biologics and Biomaterials, College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang University of Technology, Deqing 313216, China
- Micro-nano Scale Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, Institute for Frontiers and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Precision Measurement, Hangzhou 310023, China
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11
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He L, Wang P, Wang L, Chen M, Liu H, Li J. Multifunctional Polymer-Metal Lattice Composites via Hybrid Additive Manufacturing Technology. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:2191. [PMID: 38138360 PMCID: PMC10745454 DOI: 10.3390/mi14122191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
With increasing interest in the rapid development of lattice structures, hybrid additive manufacturing (HAM) technology has become a competent alternative to traditional solutions such as water jet cutting and investment casting. Herein, a HAM technology that combines vat photopolymerization (VPP) and electroless/electroplating processes is developed for the fabrication of multifunctional polymer-metal lattice composites. A VPP 3D printing process is used to deliver complex lattice frameworks, and afterward, electroless plating is employed to deposit a thin layer of nickel-phosphorus (Ni-P) conductive seed layer. With the subsequent electroplating process, the thickness of the copper layer can reach 40 μm within 1 h and the resistivity is around 1.9×10-8 Ω⋅m, which is quite close to pure copper (1.7 ×10-8 Ω⋅m). The thick metal shell can largely enhance the mechanical performance of lattice structures, including structural strength, ductility, and stiffness, and meanwhile provide current supply capability for electrical applications. With this technology, the frame arms of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) are developed to demonstrate the application potential of this HAM technology for fabricating multifunctional polymer-metal lattice composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu He
- Key Laboratory of MEMS of the Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China (P.W.)
| | - Peiren Wang
- Key Laboratory of MEMS of the Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China (P.W.)
| | - Lizhe Wang
- School of Advanced Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Min Chen
- School of Advanced Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Haiyun Liu
- College of Computer and Information, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China
| | - Ji Li
- Key Laboratory of MEMS of the Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China (P.W.)
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12
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Luan S, Chen E, John J, Gaitanaros S. A data-driven framework for structure-property correlation in ordered and disordered cellular metamaterials. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadi1453. [PMID: 37831768 PMCID: PMC10575583 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi1453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Extracting the relation between microstructural features and resulting material properties is essential for advancing our fundamental knowledge on the mechanics of cellular metamaterials and to enable the design of novel material systems. Here, we present a unified framework that not only allows the prediction of macroscopic properties but, more importantly, also reveals their connection to key morphological characteristics, as identified by the integration of machine-learning models and interpretability algorithms. We establish the complex manner in which strut orientation can be critical in determining effective stiffness for certain microstructures and highlight cellular metamaterials with counterintuitive material behavior. We further provide a refined version of Maxwell's criteria regarding the rigidity of frame structures and their connection to cellular metamaterials. By examining the shear moduli of these metamaterials, the mean cell compactness emerges as a key morphological feature. The generality of the proposed framework allows its extension to broader classes of architected materials as well as different properties of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengzhi Luan
- Department of Civil and Systems Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Enze Chen
- Department of Civil and Systems Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Joel John
- Department of Civil and Systems Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
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13
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Zheng Z, Li J, Wei K, Tang N, Li MH, Hu J. Bioinspired Integrated Auxetic Elastomers Constructed by a Dual Dynamic Interfacial Healing Strategy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2304631. [PMID: 37436838 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202304631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Auxetic materials are appealing due to their unique characteristics of transverse expansion while being axially stretched. Nevertheless, current auxetic materials are often produced by the introduction of diverse geometric structures through cutting or other pore-making processes, which heavily weaken their mechanical performance. Inspired by the skeleton-matrix structures in natural organisms, this study reports an integrated auxetic elastomer (IAE) composed of high-modulus cross-linked poly(urethane-urea) as a skeleton and low-modulus non-cross-linked poly(urethane-urea) as a complementary-shape matrix. Benefiting from disulfide bonds and hydrogen-bond-promoted dual dynamic interfacial healing, the resulting IAE is flat, void-free, and has no sharp soft-to-hard interface. Its fracture strength and elongation at the break are increased to 400% and 150%, respectively, of the values of corrugated re-entrant skeleton alone, while the negative Poisson's ratio (NPR) reserves within a strain range of 0%-104%. In addition, the advantageous mechanical and auxetic properties of this elastomer are further confirmed by finite element analysis. The concept of combining two dissimilar polymers into an integrated hybrid material solves the problem of the deterioration in mechanical performance of auxetic materials after subtractive manufacturing, while preserves the NPR effect in a large deformation, which provides a promising approach to robust auxetic materials for engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiran Zheng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, North Third Ring Road 15, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jiawei Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, North Third Ring Road 15, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Kailun Wei
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, North Third Ring Road 15, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Ning Tang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, North Third Ring Road 15, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Min-Hui Li
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris, 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Jun Hu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, North Third Ring Road 15, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
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14
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Zhang W, Li Z, Dang R, Tran TT, Gallivan RA, Gao H, Greer JR. Suppressed Size Effect in Nanopillars with Hierarchical Microstructures Enabled by Nanoscale Additive Manufacturing. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:8162-8170. [PMID: 37642465 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Studies on mechanical size effects in nanosized metals unanimously highlight both intrinsic microstructures and extrinsic dimensions for understanding size-dependent properties, commonly focusing on strengths of uniform microstructures, e.g., single-crystalline/nanocrystalline and nanoporous, as a function of pillar diameters, D. We developed a hydrogel infusion-based additive manufacturing (AM) technique using two-photon lithography to produce metals in prescribed 3D-shapes with ∼100 nm feature resolution. We demonstrate hierarchical microstructures of as-AM-fabricated Ni nanopillars (D ∼ 130-330 nm) to be nanoporous and nanocrystalline, with d ∼ 30-50 nm nanograins subtending each ligament in bamboo-like arrangements and pores with critical dimensions comparable to d. In situ nanocompression experiments unveil their yield strengths, σ, to be ∼1-3 GPa, above single-crystalline/nanocrystalline counterparts in the D range, a weak size dependence, σ ∝ D-0.2, and localized-to-homogenized transition in deformation modes mediated by nanoporosity, uncovered by molecular dynamics simulations. This work highlights hierarchical microstructures on mechanical response in nanosized metals and suggests small-scale engineering opportunities through AM-enabled microstructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxin Zhang
- Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Zhi Li
- Institute of High Performance Computing, A*STAR, 138632, Singapore
| | - Ruoqi Dang
- Institute of High Performance Computing, A*STAR, 138632, Singapore
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, College of Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 70 Nanyang Drive, 639798, Singapore
| | - Thomas T Tran
- Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Rebecca A Gallivan
- Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
- Laboratory for Nanometallurgy, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Huajian Gao
- Institute of High Performance Computing, A*STAR, 138632, Singapore
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, College of Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 70 Nanyang Drive, 639798, Singapore
| | - Julia R Greer
- Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
- Kavli Nanoscience Institute, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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15
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Wang Z, Bo R, Bai H, Cao S, Wang S, Chang J, Lan Y, Li Y, Zhang Y. Flexible Impact-Resistant Composites with Bioinspired Three-Dimensional Solid-Liquid Lattice Designs. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:22553-22562. [PMID: 37098745 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c02761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquitous solid-liquid systems in nature usually present an interesting mechanical property, the rate-dependent stiffness, which could be exploited for impact protection in flexible systems. Herein, a typical natural system, the durian peel, has been systematically characterized and studied, showing a solid-liquid dual-phase cellular structure. A bioinspired design of flexible impact-resistant composites is then proposed by combining 3D lattices and shear thickening fluids. The resulting dual-phase composites offer, simultaneously, low moduli (e.g., 71.9 kPa, lower than those of many reported soft composites) under quasi-static conditions and excellent energy absorption (e.g., 425.4 kJ/m3, which is close to those of metallic and glass-based lattices) upon dynamic impact. Numerical simulations based on finite element analyses were carried out to understand the enhanced buffering of the developed composites, unveiling a lattice-guided fluid-structure interaction mechanism. Such biomimetic lattice-based flexible impact-resistant composites hold promising potential for the development of next-generation flexible protection systems that can be used in wearable electronics and robotic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanyu Wang
- Institute of Advanced Structure Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Lightweight Multi-functional Composite Materials and Structures, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081 P. R. China
| | - Renheng Bo
- AML, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
- Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
| | - Haoran Bai
- Institute of Advanced Structure Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Lightweight Multi-functional Composite Materials and Structures, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081 P. R. China
| | - Shunze Cao
- AML, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
- Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
| | - Shuheng Wang
- AML, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
- Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
| | - Jiahui Chang
- AML, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
- Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
| | - Yu Lan
- AML, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
- Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
| | - Ying Li
- Institute of Advanced Structure Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Lightweight Multi-functional Composite Materials and Structures, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081 P. R. China
| | - Yihui Zhang
- AML, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
- Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
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16
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Wang Y, Xu F, Gao H, Li X. Elastically Isotropic Truss-Plate-Hybrid Hierarchical Microlattices with Enhanced Modulus and Strength. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2206024. [PMID: 36748308 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Bioinspired hierarchical design principles have been employed to create advanced architected materials. Here, a new type of truss-plate-hybrid two-level hierarchical architecture is created, referred to as the ISO-COP hierarchical lattice (isotropic truss at the first level and cubic+octet plate at the second level), in which truss-based unit cells are arranged according to the topology of the plate-based unit cell. Finite element analyses reveal that the ISO-COP hierarchical lattice outperforms the best existing octet-truss hierarchical lattices based on fractal geometries in achieving elastic isotropy and enhanced moduli. According to the designed architecture, ISO-COP and several other comparison hierarchical microlattices are fabricated via projection microstereolithography. In situ compression tests demonstrate that the fabricated ISO-COP microlattices exhibit elastic isotropy and enhanced moduli, as predicted from finite element simulations, and superior strength compared with existing fractal octet-truss hierarchical lattices. Theoretical models are further developed to predict the dependence of modulus and failure modes on two design parameters of the hierarchical lattices, with results in good agreement with those from experiments. This study relates mechanical properties of ISO-COP hierarchical lattices to their architectures at each level of hierarchy and exemplifies a route to harnessing hierarchical design principles to create architected materials with desired mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Wang
- Centre for Advanced Mechanics and Materials, Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Fan Xu
- Institute of Mechanics and Computational Engineering, Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Huajian Gao
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, College of Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 70 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138632, Singapore
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Centre for Advanced Mechanics and Materials, Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
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17
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Du J, Fu G, Xu X, Elshahawy AM, Guan C. 3D Printed Graphene-Based Metamaterials: Guesting Multi-Functionality in One Gain. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2207833. [PMID: 36760019 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202207833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Advanced functional materials with fascinating properties and extended structural design have greatly broadened their applications. Metamaterials, exhibiting unprecedented physical properties (mechanical, electromagnetic, acoustic, etc.), are considered frontiers of physics, material science, and engineering. With the emerging 3D printing technology, the manufacturing of metamaterials becomes much more convenient. Graphene, due to its superior properties such as large surface area, superior electrical/thermal conductivity, and outstanding mechanical properties, shows promising applications to add multi-functionality into existing metamaterials for various applications. In this review, the aim is to outline the latest developments and applications of 3D printed graphene-based metamaterials. The structure design of different types of metamaterials and the fabrication strategies for 3D printed graphene-based materials are first reviewed. Then the representative explorations of 3D printed graphene-based metamaterials and multi-functionality that can be introduced with such a combination are further discussed. Subsequently, challenges and opportunities are provided, seeking to point out future directions of 3D printed graphene-based metamaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Du
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics and MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Institute of Flexible Electronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University, 218 Qingyi Road, Ningbo, 315103, China
| | - Gangwen Fu
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics and MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Institute of Flexible Electronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University, 218 Qingyi Road, Ningbo, 315103, China
| | - Xi Xu
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics and MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Institute of Flexible Electronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University, 218 Qingyi Road, Ningbo, 315103, China
| | | | - Cao Guan
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics and MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Institute of Flexible Electronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University, 218 Qingyi Road, Ningbo, 315103, China
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18
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Castillo-Castro D, Correa F, Aparicio E, Amigo N, Prada A, Figueroa J, González RI, Bringa E, Valencia FJ. Nanoporous Amorphous Carbon with Exceptional Ultra-High Strength. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:1429. [PMID: 37111014 PMCID: PMC10142945 DOI: 10.3390/nano13081429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Nanoporous materials show a promising combination of mechanical properties in terms of their relative density; while there are numerous studies based on metallic nanoporous materials, here we focus on amorphous carbon with a bicontinuous nanoporous structure as an alternative to control the mechanical properties for the function of filament composition.Using atomistic simulations, we study the mechanical response of nanoporous amorphous carbon with 50% porosity, with sp3 content ranging from 10% to 50%. Our results show an unusually high strength between 10 and 20 GPa as a function of the %sp3 content. We present an analytical analysis derived from the Gibson-Ashby model for porous solids, and from the He and Thorpe theory for covalent solids to describe Young's modulus and yield strength scaling laws extremely well, revealing also that the high strength is mainly due to the presence of sp3 bonding. Alternatively, we also find two distinct fracture modes: for low %sp3 samples, we observe a ductile-type behavior, while high %sp3 leads to brittle-type behavior due to high high shear strain clusters driving the carbon bond breaking that finally promotes the filament fracture. All in all, nanoporous amorphous carbon with bicontinuous structure is presented as a lightweight material with a tunable elasto-plastic response in terms of porosity and sp3 bonding, resulting in a material with a broad range of possible combinations of mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Castillo-Castro
- Centro de Nanotecnología Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago 7500994, Chile
| | - Felipe Correa
- Escuela de Ingeniería en Computación e Informatica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago 7500994, Chile
| | | | - Nicolás Amigo
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Arquitectura y Diseño, Universidad San Sebastián, Bellavista 7, Santiago 8420524, Chile
| | - Alejandro Prada
- Departamento de Computación e Industrias, Facultad de Ciencias de la Ingeniería, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3480112, Chile
| | - Juan Figueroa
- Departamento de Computación e Industrias, Facultad de Ciencias de la Ingeniería, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3480112, Chile
| | - Rafael I González
- Centro de Nanotecnología Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago 7500994, Chile
- Centro Para el Desarrollo de la Nanociencia y Nanotectonolgía, CEDENNA, Estación Centtral 917022, Chile
| | - Eduardo Bringa
- CONICET and Universidad de Mendoza, Mendoza 5500, Argentina
| | - Felipe J Valencia
- Departamento de Computación e Industrias, Facultad de Ciencias de la Ingeniería, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3480112, Chile
- Centro Para el Desarrollo de la Nanociencia y Nanotectonolgía, CEDENNA, Estación Centtral 917022, Chile
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19
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Su R, Chen J, Zhang X, Wang W, Li Y, He R, Fang D. 3D-Printed Micro/Nano-Scaled Mechanical Metamaterials: Fundamentals, Technologies, Progress, Applications, and Challenges. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2206391. [PMID: 37026433 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Micro/nano-scaled mechanical metamaterials have attracted extensive attention in various fields attributed to their superior properties benefiting from their rationally designed micro/nano-structures. As one of the most advanced technologies in the 21st century, additive manufacturing (3D printing) opens an easier and faster path for fabricating micro/nano-scaled mechanical metamaterials with complex structures. Here, the size effect of metamaterials at micro/nano scales is introduced first. Then, the additive manufacturing technologies to fabricate mechanical metamaterials at micro/nano scales are introduced. The latest research progress on micro/nano-scaled mechanical metamaterials is also reviewed according to the type of materials. In addition, the structural and functional applications of micro/nano-scaled mechanical metamaterials are further summarized. Finally, the challenges, including advanced 3D printing technologies, novel material development, and innovative structural design, for micro/nano-scaled mechanical metamaterials are discussed, and future perspectives are provided. The review aims to provide insight into the research and development of 3D-printed micro/nano-scaled mechanical metamaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyue Su
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
- Institute of Advanced Structure Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Jingyi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
- Institute of Advanced Structure Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Xueqin Zhang
- Institute of Advanced Structure Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Wenqing Wang
- Institute of Advanced Structure Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Ying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
- Institute of Advanced Structure Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Rujie He
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
- Institute of Advanced Structure Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Daining Fang
- Institute of Advanced Structure Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
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20
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Bian Y, Wang R, Yang F, Li P, Song Y, Feng J, Wu W, Li Z, Lu Y. Mechanical Properties of Internally Hierarchical Multiphase Lattices Inspired by Precipitation Strengthening Mechanisms. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:15928-15937. [PMID: 36795543 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c20063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In metal metallurgy, precipitation strengthening is widely used to increase material strength by utilizing the impediment effect of the second-phase particles on dislocation movements. Inspired by this mechanism, in this paper, novel multiphase heterogeneous lattice materials are developed with enhanced mechanical properties utilizing a similar hindering effect of second-phase lattice cells on the shear band propagation. For this purpose, biphase and triphase lattice samples are fabricated using high-speed multi jet fusion (MJF) and digital light processing (DLP) additive manufacturing techniques, and a parametric study is carried out to investigate their mechanical properties. Different from the conventional random distribution, the second-phase and third-phase cells in this work are continuously distributed along the regular pattern of a larger-scale lattice to form internal hierarchical lattice structures. The results show that the triphase lattices possess balanced mechanical properties. Interestingly, this indicates that introducing a relatively weak phase also has the potential to improve the stiffness and plateau stress, which is distinct from the common mixed rule. This work is aimed at providing new references for the heterogeneous lattice design with outstanding mechanical properties through material microstructure inspiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijie Bian
- School of Aerospace Engineering and Applied Mechanics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Ruicheng Wang
- School of Aerospace Engineering and Applied Mechanics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Fan Yang
- School of Aerospace Engineering and Applied Mechanics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Puhao Li
- School of Aerospace Engineering and Applied Mechanics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yicheng Song
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mechanics in Energy Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, School of Mechanics and Engineering Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Jiemin Feng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mechanics in Energy Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, School of Mechanics and Engineering Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Wenwang Wu
- School of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Civil Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ziyong Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Nano-Manufacturing Laboratory (NML), City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Yang Lu
- Nano-Manufacturing Laboratory (NML), City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
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Gao G, Zhang L, Li Z, Ma S, Ma F. Porous Microneedles for Therapy and Diagnosis: Fabrication and Challenges. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:85-105. [PMID: 36475572 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c01123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The use of microneedles (MNs), an innovative transdermal technology, enables efficient, convenient, painless, and controlled-release drug delivery. Porous microneedles (pMNs), special MNs with abundant interconnected pores that can produce capillary action, are gaining increasing attention as a novel MNs technology. pMNs can actively adsorb bioactive ingredients from solutions of drugs or vaccines for in vivo delivery or from interstitial skin fluids (ISFs) for wearable and point-of-care testing (POCT) products. Different pore sizes and porosities of pMNs can be achieved with different materials and preparation processes, which makes the application of pMNs adaptable to multiple scenarios. In addition, easier and faster detection will be accomplished by the smart combination of pMNs with other detection technologies. This paper aims to summarize the recent research progress of pMNs, focusing on the influence of various materials and their corresponding preparation methods on its structure and function display, discussing the key issues and looking forward to the future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangzhi Gao
- Laboratory of Biologics and Biomaterials, College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang University of Technology, Deqing 313216, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Laboratory of Biologics and Biomaterials, College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang University of Technology, Deqing 313216, China
| | - Zhipeng Li
- Laboratory of Biologics and Biomaterials, College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang University of Technology, Deqing 313216, China
| | - Shichao Ma
- Laboratory of Biologics and Biomaterials, College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang University of Technology, Deqing 313216, China
| | - Fengsen Ma
- Laboratory of Biologics and Biomaterials, College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang University of Technology, Deqing 313216, China.,The Institute for Frontiers and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, No. 18, Chaowang Road, Hangzhou 310014, China
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