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Boehler NA, Seheult SDI, Wahid M, Hase K, D'Amico SF, Saini S, Mascarenhas B, Bergman ME, Phillips MA, Faure PA, Cheng HYM. A novel copy number variant in the murine Cdh23 gene gives rise to profound deafness and vestibular dysfunction. Hum Mol Genet 2024:ddae095. [PMID: 38981620 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddae095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Hearing loss is the most common congenital sensory deficit worldwide and exhibits high genetic heterogeneity, making molecular diagnoses elusive for most individuals. Detecting novel mutations that contribute to hearing loss is crucial to providing accurate personalized diagnoses, tailored interventions, and improving prognosis. Copy number variants (CNVs) are structural mutations that are understudied, potential contributors to hearing loss. Here, we present the Abnormal Wobbly Gait (AWG) mouse, the first documented mutant exhibiting waltzer-like locomotor dysfunction, hyperactivity, circling behaviour, and profound deafness caused by a spontaneous CNV deletion in cadherin 23 (Cdh23). We were unable to identify the causative mutation through a conventional whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and variant detection pipeline, but instead found a linked variant in hexokinase 1 (Hk1) that was insufficient to recapitulate the AWG phenotype when introduced into C57BL/6J mice using CRISPR-Cas9. Investigating nearby deafness-associated genes revealed a pronounced downregulation of Cdh23 mRNA and a complete absence of full-length CDH23 protein, which is critical for the development and maintenance of inner ear hair cells, in whole head extracts from AWG neonates. Manual inspection of WGS read depth plots of the Cdh23 locus revealed a putative 10.4 kb genomic deletion of exons 11 and 12 that was validated by PCR and Sanger sequencing. This study underscores the imperative to refine variant detection strategies to permit identification of pathogenic CNVs easily missed by conventional variant calling to enhance diagnostic precision and ultimately improve clinical outcomes for individuals with genetically heterogenous disorders such as hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A Boehler
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada
| | - Shane D I Seheult
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Muhammad Wahid
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada
| | - Kazuma Hase
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Sierra F D'Amico
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Shakshi Saini
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Brittany Mascarenhas
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada
| | - Matthew E Bergman
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada
| | - Michael A Phillips
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada
| | - Paul A Faure
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Hai-Ying Mary Cheng
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada
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Hosoya M, Kurihara S, Koyama H, Komune N. Recent advances in Otology: Current landscape and future direction. Auris Nasus Larynx 2024; 51:605-616. [PMID: 38552424 DOI: 10.1016/j.anl.2024.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Hearing is an essential sensation, and its deterioration leads to a significant decrease in the quality of life. Thus, great efforts have been made by otologists to preserve and recover hearing. Our knowledge regarding the field of otology has progressed with advances in technology, and otologists have sought to develop novel approaches in the field of otologic surgery to achieve higher hearing recovery or preservation rates. This requires knowledge regarding the anatomy of the temporal bone and the physiology of hearing. Basic research in the field of otology has progressed with advances in molecular biology and genetics. This review summarizes the current views and recent advances in the field of otology and otologic surgery, especially from the viewpoint of young Japanese clinician-scientists, and presents the perspectives and future directions for several topics in the field of otology. This review will aid next-generation researchers in understanding the recent advances and future challenges in the field of otology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Hosoya
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinanomachi 35, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
| | - Sho Kurihara
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishishimbashi Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8471, Japan
| | - Hajime Koyama
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8654, Japan
| | - Noritaka Komune
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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Wang X, Liu TX, Zhang Y, Xu LW, Yuan SL, Cui AL, Guo WW, Wang YF, Yang SM, Zhao JG. Genetically modified pigs: Emerging animal models for hereditary hearing loss. Zool Res 2024; 45:284-291. [PMID: 38485498 PMCID: PMC11017082 DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2023.231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Hereditary hearing loss (HHL), a genetic disorder that impairs auditory function, significantly affects quality of life and incurs substantial economic losses for society. To investigate the underlying causes of HHL and evaluate therapeutic outcomes, appropriate animal models are necessary. Pigs have been extensively used as valuable large animal models in biomedical research. In this review, we highlight the advantages of pig models in terms of ear anatomy, inner ear morphology, and electrophysiological characteristics, as well as recent advancements in the development of distinct genetically modified porcine models of hearing loss. Additionally, we discuss the prospects, challenges, and recommendations regarding the use pig models in HHL research. Overall, this review provides insights and perspectives for future studies on HHL using porcine models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Tian-Xia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Liang-Wei Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Institute of Otolaryngology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Shuo-Long Yuan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Institute of Otolaryngology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - A-Long Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China
| | - Wei-Wei Guo
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Institute of Otolaryngology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yan-Fang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shi-Ming Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Institute of Otolaryngology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China. E-mail:
| | - Jian-Guo Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China. E-mail:
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Choi MH, Li N, Popelka G, Butts Pauly K. Development and validation of a computational method to predict unintended auditory brainstem response during transcranial ultrasound neuromodulation in mice. Brain Stimul 2023; 16:1362-1370. [PMID: 37690602 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2023.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transcranial ultrasound stimulation (TUS) is a promising noninvasive neuromodulation modality. The inadvertent and unpredictable activation of the auditory system in response to TUS obfuscates the interpretation of non-auditory neuromodulatory responses. OBJECTIVE The objective was to develop and validate a computational metric to quantify the susceptibility to unintended auditory brainstem response (ABR) in mice premised on time frequency analyses of TUS signals and auditory sensitivity. METHODS Ultrasound pulses with varying amplitudes, pulse repetition frequencies (PRFs), envelope smoothing profiles, and sinusoidal modulation frequencies were selected. Each pulse's time-varying frequency spectrum was differentiated across time, weighted by the mouse hearing sensitivity, then summed across frequencies. The resulting time-varying function, computationally predicting the ABR, was validated against experimental ABR in mice during TUS with the corresponding pulse. RESULTS There was a significant correlation between experimental ABRs and the computational predictions for 19 TUS signals (R2 = 0.97). CONCLUSIONS To reduce ABR in mice during in vivo TUS studies, 1) reduce the amplitude of a rectangular continuous wave envelope, 2) increase the rise/fall times of a smoothed continuous wave envelope, and/or 3) change the PRF and/or duty cycle of a rectangular or sinusoidal pulsed wave to reduce the gap between pulses and increase the rise/fall time of the overall envelope. This metric can aid researchers performing in vivo mouse studies in selecting TUS signal parameters that minimize unintended ABR. The methods for developing this metric can be adapted to other animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Hyun Choi
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
| | - Ningrui Li
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Gerald Popelka
- Department of Otolaryngology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA; Department of Radiology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Kim Butts Pauly
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA; Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA; Department of Radiology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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Carlson RJ, Walsh T, Mandell JB, Aburayyan A, Lee MK, Gulsuner S, Horn DL, Ou HC, Sie KCY, Mancl L, Rubinstein J, King MC. Association of Genetic Diagnoses for Childhood-Onset Hearing Loss With Cochlear Implant Outcomes. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2023; 149:212-222. [PMID: 36633841 PMCID: PMC9857764 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoto.2022.4463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Importance In the US, most childhood-onset bilateral sensorineural hearing loss is genetic, with more than 120 genes and thousands of different alleles known. Primary treatments are hearing aids and cochlear implants. Genetic diagnosis can inform progression of hearing loss, indicate potential syndromic features, and suggest best timing for individualized treatment. Objective To identify the genetic causes of childhood-onset hearing loss and characterize severity, progression, and cochlear implant success associated with genotype in a single large clinical cohort. Design, Setting, and Participants This cross-sectional analysis (genomics) and retrospective cohort analysis (audiological measures) were conducted from 2019 to 2022 at the otolaryngology and audiology clinics of Seattle Children's Hospital and the University of Washington and included 449 children from 406 families with bilateral sensorineural hearing loss with an onset younger than 18 years. Data were analyzed between January and June 2022. Main Outcomes and Measures Genetic diagnoses based on genomic sequencing and structural variant analysis of the DNA of participants; severity and progression of hearing loss as measured by audiologic testing; and cochlear implant success as measured by pediatric and adult speech perception tests. Hearing thresholds and speech perception scores were evaluated with respect to age at implant, months since implant, and genotype using a multivariate analysis of variance and covariance. Results Of 406 participants, 208 (51%) were female, 17 (4%) were African/African American, 32 (8%) were East Asian, 219 (54%) were European, 53 (13%) were Latino/Admixed American, and 16 (4%) were South Asian. Genomic analysis yielded genetic diagnoses for 210 of 406 families (52%), including 55 of 82 multiplex families (67%) and 155 of 324 singleton families (48%). Rates of genetic diagnosis were similar for children of all ancestries. Causal variants occurred in 43 different genes, with each child (with 1 exception) having causative variant(s) in only 1 gene. Hearing loss severity, affected frequencies, and progression varied by gene and, for some genes, by genotype within gene. For children with causative mutations in MYO6, OTOA, SLC26A4, TMPRSS3, or severe loss-of-function variants in GJB2, hearing loss was progressive, with losses of more than 10 dB per decade. For all children with cochlear implants, outcomes of adult speech perception tests were greater than preimplanted levels. Yet the degree of success varied substantially by genotype. Adjusting for age at implant and interval since implant, speech perception was highest for children with hearing loss due to MITF or TMPRSS3. Conclusions and Relevance The results of this cross-sectional study suggest that genetic diagnosis is now sufficiently advanced to enable its integration into precision medical care for childhood-onset hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J. Carlson
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Tom Walsh
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Jessica B. Mandell
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Amal Aburayyan
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Ming K. Lee
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Suleyman Gulsuner
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - David L. Horn
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle
- Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle, Washington
| | - Henry C. Ou
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle
- Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle, Washington
| | - Kathleen C. Y. Sie
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle
- Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle, Washington
| | - Lisa Mancl
- Center on Human Development and Disability, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle
| | - Jay Rubinstein
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle
- Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle, Washington
| | - Mary-Claire King
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
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