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Tu T, Yu J, Jiang C, Zhang S, Li J, Ren J, Zhang S, Zhou Y, Cui Z, Lu H, Meng X, Wang Z, Xing D, Zhang H, Hong T. Somatic Braf V600E mutation in the cerebral endothelium induces brain arteriovenous malformations. Angiogenesis 2024; 27:441-460. [PMID: 38700584 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-024-09918-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Current treatments of brain arteriovenous malformation (BAVM) are associated with considerable risks and at times incomplete efficacy. Therefore, a clinically consistent animal model of BAVM is urgently needed to investigate its underlying biological mechanisms and develop innovative treatment strategies. Notably, existing mouse models have limited utility due to heterogenous and untypical phenotypes of AVM lesions. Here we developed a novel mouse model of sporadic BAVM that is consistent with clinical manifestations in humans. Mice with BrafV600E mutations in brain ECs developed BAVM closely resembled that of human lesions. This strategy successfully induced BAVMs in mice across different age groups and within various brain regions. Pathological features of BAVM were primarily dilated blood vessels with reduced vascular wall stability, accompanied by spontaneous hemorrhage and neuroinflammation. Single-cell sequencing revealed differentially expressed genes that were related to the cytoskeleton, cell motility, and intercellular junctions. Early administration of Dabrafenib was found to be effective in slowing the progression of BAVMs; however, its efficacy in treating established BAVM lesions remained uncertain. Taken together, our proposed approach successfully induced BAVM that closely resembled human BAVM lesions in mice, rendering the model suitable for investigating the pathogenesis of BAVM and assessing potential therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianqi Tu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, China International Neuroscience Institute, Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun St, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Jiaxing Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, China International Neuroscience Institute, Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun St, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Chendan Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, China International Neuroscience Institute, Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun St, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Shikun Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, China International Neuroscience Institute, Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun St, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Jingwei Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, China International Neuroscience Institute, Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun St, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Jian Ren
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, China International Neuroscience Institute, Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun St, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Shiju Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, China International Neuroscience Institute, Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun St, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, China International Neuroscience Institute, Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun St, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Ziwei Cui
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, China International Neuroscience Institute, Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun St, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Haohan Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, China International Neuroscience Institute, Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun St, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Xiaosheng Meng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, China International Neuroscience Institute, Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun St, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Zhanjing Wang
- Medical Imaging laboratory of Core Facility Center, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100054, China
| | - Dong Xing
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center (BIOPIC), School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics (ICG), Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongqi Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, China International Neuroscience Institute, Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun St, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Tao Hong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, China International Neuroscience Institute, Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun St, Beijing, 100053, China.
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Litschel T, Kelley CF, Cheng X, Babl L, Mizuno N, Case LB, Schwille P. Membrane-induced 2D phase separation of the focal adhesion protein talin. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4986. [PMID: 38862544 PMCID: PMC11166923 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49222-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Focal adhesions form liquid-like assemblies around activated integrin receptors at the plasma membrane. How they achieve their flexible properties is not well understood. Here, we use recombinant focal adhesion proteins to reconstitute the core structural machinery in vitro. We observe liquid-liquid phase separation of the core focal adhesion proteins talin and vinculin for a spectrum of conditions and interaction partners. Intriguingly, we show that binding to PI(4,5)P2-containing membranes triggers phase separation of these proteins on the membrane surface, which in turn induces the enrichment of integrin in the clusters. We suggest a mechanism by which 2-dimensional biomolecular condensates assemble on membranes from soluble proteins in the cytoplasm: lipid-binding triggers protein activation and thus, liquid-liquid phase separation of these membrane-bound proteins. This could explain how early focal adhesions maintain a structured and force-resistant organization into the cytoplasm, while still being highly dynamic and able to quickly assemble and disassemble.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Litschel
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany.
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Charlotte F Kelley
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Xiaohang Cheng
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Leon Babl
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Naoko Mizuno
- Department of Structural Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
- Laboratory of Structural Cell Biology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lindsay B Case
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Petra Schwille
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany.
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Wang B, Pareek G, Kundu M. ULK/Atg1: phasing in and out of autophagy. Trends Biochem Sci 2024; 49:494-505. [PMID: 38565496 PMCID: PMC11162330 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2024.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Autophagy - a highly regulated intracellular degradation process - is pivotal in maintaining cellular homeostasis. Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) is a fundamental mechanism regulating the formation and function of membrane-less compartments. Recent research has unveiled connections between LLPS and autophagy, suggesting that phase separation events may orchestrate the spatiotemporal organization of autophagic machinery and cargo sequestration. The Unc-51-like kinase (ULK)/autophagy-related 1 (Atg1) family of proteins is best known for its regulatory role in initiating autophagy, but there is growing evidence that the functional spectrum of ULK/Atg1 extends beyond autophagy regulation. In this review, we explore the spatial and temporal regulation of the ULK/Atg1 family of kinases, focusing on their recruitment to LLPS-driven compartments, and highlighting their multifaceted functions beyond their traditional role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Gautam Pareek
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Mondira Kundu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
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Kumar A, Tanaka K, Schwartz MA. Focal adhesion-derived liquid-liquid phase separations regulate mRNA translation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.11.22.568289. [PMID: 38045367 PMCID: PMC10690234 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.22.568289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) has emerged as a major organizing principle in cells. Recent work showed that multiple components of integrin-mediated focal adhesions including p130Cas can form LLPS, which govern adhesion dynamics and related cell behaviors. In this study, we found that the focal adhesion protein p130Cas drives formation of structures with the characteristics of LLPS that bud from focal adhesions into the cytoplasm. Condensing concentrated cytoplasm around p130Cas-coated beads allowed their isolation, which were enriched in a subset of focal adhesion proteins, mRNAs and RNA binding proteins, including those implicated in inhibiting mRNA translation. Plating cells on very high concentrations of fibronectin to induce large focal adhesions inhibited message translation which required p130Cas and correlated with droplet formation. Photo-induction of p130Cas condensates using the Cry2 system also reduced translation. These results identify a novel regulatory mechanism in which high adhesion limits message translation via induction of p130Cas-dependent cytoplasmic LLPS. This mechanism may contribute to the quiescent state of very strongly adhesive myofibroblasts and senescent cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Kumar
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine (Division of Cardiovascular Medicine), 300 George St. New Haven CT 06511
| | - Keiichiro Tanaka
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine (Division of Cardiovascular Medicine), 300 George St. New Haven CT 06511
| | - Martin A Schwartz
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine (Division of Cardiovascular Medicine), 300 George St. New Haven CT 06511
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University
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5
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Huang CW, Lo SH. Tensins in Kidney Function and Diseases. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1244. [PMID: 37374025 DOI: 10.3390/life13061244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Tensins are focal adhesion proteins that regulate various biological processes, such as mechanical sensing, cell adhesion, migration, invasion, and proliferation, through their multiple binding activities that transduce critical signals across the plasma membrane. When these molecular interactions and/or mediated signaling are disrupted, cellular activities and tissue functions are compromised, leading to disease development. Here, we focus on the significance of the tensin family in renal function and diseases. The expression pattern of each tensin in the kidney, their roles in chronic kidney diseases, renal cell carcinoma, and their potentials as prognostic markers and/or therapeutic targets are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Wei Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
| | - Su Hao Lo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
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