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Tanui IC, Kandie F, Krauss M, Piotrowska A, Kiprop A, Shahid N, Liess M, Brack W. Seasonal hot spots of pollution and risks in Western Kenya: A spatial-temporal analysis of almost 800 organic micropollutants. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 949:175036. [PMID: 39069188 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
The release of chemicals into the environment presents a significant threat to aquatic ecosystems dependent on the proximity to emission sources and seasonal dynamics of emission and mobilization. While spatial-temporal information on water pollution in Europe is increasing, there are substantial knowledge gaps on seasonal pollution dynamics in tropical countries. Thus, we took Lake Victoria South Basin in western Kenya as a case study to identify spatial and seasonal hot spots of contamination, quantified toxic risks to different groups of organisms, and identified seasonal risk drivers. For this purpose, we analyzed grab water samples from five rivers with agricultural and wastewater treatment plants in their catchment in four different seasons. We used liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) with a target list of 785 organic micropollutants. A total of 307 compounds were detected with concentrations ranging from 0.3 ng/L to 6.6 μg/L. Using a Toxic Unit (TU) approach based on mixture toxicity to standard test organisms, crustaceans were identified as the most affected group followed by algae and fish. For crustaceans, chronic risk thresholds were exceeded in 96 % of all the samples, while 56 % of all samples are expected to be acutely toxic, with the highest risk in February during the dry season. High toxic unit values for algae and fish were recorded in July dry season and May wet season. Diazinon, imidacloprid, clothianidin and pirimiphos-methyl were the major drivers for crustacean toxicity while triclosan and different herbicide mixtures drive risks to algae in dry and wet seasons, respectively. A total of 18 chemicals were found to exceed acute and chronic environmental risk thresholds. With this study, strong spatial-temporal patterns of pollution, risks and risk drivers could be confirmed informing prioritization of monitoring and abatement to enhance water quality and reduce toxic risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Cheruiyot Tanui
- Department of Exposure Science, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Straße 13, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Moi University, 3900-30100 Eldoret, Kenya.
| | - Faith Kandie
- Department of Biological Sciences, Moi University, 3900-30100 Eldoret, Kenya.
| | - Martin Krauss
- Department of Exposure Science, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Aleksandra Piotrowska
- Department of Exposure Science, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Ambrose Kiprop
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Moi University, 3900-30100 Eldoret, Kenya.
| | - Naeem Shahid
- Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Straße 13, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; System Ecotoxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Matthias Liess
- System Ecotoxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Werner Brack
- Department of Exposure Science, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Straße 13, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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2
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Noack F, Engist D, Gantois J, Gaur V, Hyjazie BF, Larsen A, M'Gonigle LK, Missirian A, Qaim M, Sargent RD, Souza-Rodrigues E, Kremen C. Environmental impacts of genetically modified crops. Science 2024; 385:eado9340. [PMID: 39208101 DOI: 10.1126/science.ado9340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Genetically modified (GM) crops have been adopted by some of the world's leading agricultural nations, but the full extent of their environmental impact remains largely unknown. Although concerns regarding the direct environmental effects of GM crops have declined, GM crops have led to indirect changes in agricultural practices, including pesticide use, agricultural expansion, and cropping patterns, with profound environmental implications. Recent studies paint a nuanced picture of these environmental impacts, with mixed effects of GM crop adoption on biodiversity, deforestation, and human health that vary with the GM trait and geographic scale. New GM or gene-edited crops with different traits would likely have different environmental and human health impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Noack
- Food and Resource Economics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Dennis Engist
- Food and Resource Economics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Josephine Gantois
- Food and Resource Economics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Institute for Resources, Environment and Sustainability, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Vasundhara Gaur
- Institute for Policy Integrity, New York University School of Law, New York, NY
| | - Batoule F Hyjazie
- Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ashley Larsen
- Bren School of Environmental Science & Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA
| | - Leithen K M'Gonigle
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Anouch Missirian
- Toulouse School of Economics, INRAe, University of Toulouse Capitole, Toulouse, France
| | - Matin Qaim
- Center for Development Research (ZEF), University of Bonn, Germany
- Institute for Food and Resource Economics, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Risa D Sargent
- Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Eduardo Souza-Rodrigues
- Department of Economics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Economic Policy Research, London, England
| | - Claire Kremen
- Institute for Resources, Environment and Sustainability, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Claro HWP, Hannibal W, Benvindo-Souza M, de Melo E Silva D. The use of the micronucleus test and comet assay in wild rodents: a historical review and future perspectives. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:773. [PMID: 39090345 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12935-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Rodents are considered good models for investigating genotoxic damage and mutagenic alterations caused by xenobiotic agents, due to their occupation of a wide variety of habitats. However, relatively few in situ studies have focused on DNA damage in wild rodents associated with environmental exposure. In this review, we investigate trends in the application of the micronucleus test and comet assay in in situ studies of wild rodents. A total of 33 papers were identified, distributed across 14 different countries. Brazil and Spain had the most published studies (six each), followed by Bulgaria (n = 5), Mexico (n = 4) and Italy (n = 3). Only 24 of the 2,652 recognized rodent species have been the subject of in situ studies, which have most frequently focus on species of the genus Mus. The protocols used for the micronucleus test and comet assay varied widely, although blood and bone marrow were the primary types of tissue used. Given the paucity of studies on wild rodents, we recommend further research, particularly focusing on the use of this group as bioindicators of environmental quality and the standardization of protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hermes Willyan Parreira Claro
- Mutagenesis Laboratory, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas ICB I - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Avenida Esperança, S/N, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, GO, CEP: 74.690-900, Brazil.
- Laboratory of Mammal Ecology and Biogeography, Universidade Estadual de Goiás, Campus Sudoeste, Quirinópolis, GO, CEP: 75860-000, Brazil.
| | - Wellington Hannibal
- Laboratory of Mammal Ecology and Biogeography, Universidade Estadual de Goiás, Campus Sudoeste, Quirinópolis, GO, CEP: 75860-000, Brazil
| | - Marcelino Benvindo-Souza
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biogeography and Ecology, Universidade Estadual de Goiás, Anápolis, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Daniela de Melo E Silva
- Mutagenesis Laboratory, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas ICB I - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Avenida Esperança, S/N, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, GO, CEP: 74.690-900, Brazil
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de Andrade CO, da Silva JRR, Barbieri PA, Borin-Carvalho LA, Portela-Castro ALDB, Fernandes CA. The effect of acute exposure of yellowtail tetra fish Astyanax lacustris (Lütken, 1875) to the glyphosate-based herbicide Templo®. MUTATION RESEARCH. GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2024; 897:503771. [PMID: 39054002 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2024.503771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
The herbicide glyphosate (N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine) efficiently eliminates weeds, is frequently present in surface waters, and may damage the health of various non-target organisms. The main objective of this study was to investigate cytotoxic and genotoxic effects in erythrocytes, DNA, and chromosomes of native South American fish Astyanax lacustris exposed to a glyphosate-based commercial herbicide Templo®. The presenty study evaluated the presence of micronuclei (MN), chromosomal aberrations (CA), DNA damage revealed by comet assay, and cellular morphological changes (CMC) as biomarkers. The A. lacustris specimens were exposed to Templo® for 96 h at concentrations below the permitted Brazilian legislation for freshwater environments. The glyphosate-based herbicide caused MN formation, an increased incidence of CA, DNA damage, and several types of CMC in all tested concentrations on A. lacustris. Notably, analyses were significant (p<0.05) for all concentrations, except in the frequency mean of MN at 3.7 µg/L. Thus, considering the intensive use of commercial glyphosate formulations in crops, the herbicide Templo® represents a potential risk of genotoxicity and cytotoxicity for aquatic organisms. Therefore, environmental protection agencies must review regulations for glyphosate-based herbicides in freshwater environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Oliveira de Andrade
- Graduate Program of Environmental Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics, and Cell Biology of the State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná 87020-900, Brazil.
| | - Josiane Rodrigues Rocha da Silva
- Graduate Program of Environmental Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics, and Cell Biology of the State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Pablo Americo Barbieri
- Genetic and Breeding Graduate Program, Department of Agronomy of the State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Luciana Andrea Borin-Carvalho
- Graduate Program of Environmental Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics, and Cell Biology of the State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná 87020-900, Brazil; Genetic and Breeding Graduate Program, Department of Agronomy of the State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Ana Luiza de Brito Portela-Castro
- Graduate Program of Environmental Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics, and Cell Biology of the State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná 87020-900, Brazil; NUPELIA - Núcleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia, Ictiologia e Aquicultura - State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alexandre Fernandes
- Graduate Program of Environmental Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics, and Cell Biology of the State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná 87020-900, Brazil; Graduate Program of Comparative Biology, Center for Biological Sciences of the State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná 87020-900, Brazil; NUPELIA - Núcleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia, Ictiologia e Aquicultura - State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná 87020-900, Brazil
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Kumar A, Chang DW. Optimized Polymeric Membranes for Water Treatment: Fabrication, Morphology, and Performance. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:271. [PMID: 38257070 PMCID: PMC10819000 DOI: 10.3390/polym16020271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Conventional polymers, endowed with specific functionalities, are extensively utilized for filtering and extracting a diverse set of chemicals, notably metals, from solutions. The main structure of a polymer is an integral part for designing an efficient separating system. However, its chemical functionality further contributes to the selectivity, fabrication process, and resulting product morphology. One example would be a membrane that can be employed to selectively remove a targeted metal ion or chemical from a solution, leaving behind the useful components of the solution. Such membranes or products are highly sought after for purifying polluted water contaminated with toxic and heavy metals. An efficient water-purifying membrane must fulfill several requirements, including a specific morphology attained by the material with a specific chemical functionality and facile fabrication for integration into a purifying module Therefore, the selection of an appropriate polymer and its functionalization become crucial and determining steps. This review highlights the attempts made in functionalizing various polymers (including natural ones) or copolymers with chemical groups decisive for membranes to act as water purifiers. Among these recently developed membrane systems, some of the materials incorporating other macromolecules, e.g., MOFs, COFs, and graphene, have displayed their competence for water treatment. Furthermore, it also summarizes the self-assembly and resulting morphology of the membrane materials as critical for driving the purification mechanism. This comprehensive overview aims to provide readers with a concise and conclusive understanding of these materials for water purification, as well as elucidating further perspectives and challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dong Wook Chang
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, ECS Core Research Institute, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea;
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