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Ajduković M, Ukropina M, Cvijanović M, Vučić T, Ivanović A. Histological changes of the skin during postembryonic development of the crested newt Triturus ivanbureschi (Urodela, Salamandridae). Ann Anat 2023; 249:152097. [PMID: 37011824 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2023.152097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amphibian skin has been studied for many decades, especially the metamorphic changes in the skin of frogs. Less attention has been paid to salamander skin. Here, we describe changes in the skin structure during postembryonic development in a salamandrid species, the Balkan crested newt Triturus ivanbureschi. METHOD Using traditional histological techniques we examined the skin in the trunk region of three premetamorphic larval stages (hatchling, mid larval and late larval) and two postmetamorphic stages (juvenile, just after metamorphosis, and adult). RESULTS In larval stages, skin consists only of the epidermis, which gradually develops from the single epithelial cell layer in hatchlings, to a stratified epidermis with gland nests and characteristic Leydig cells at the late larval stage. During metamorphosis, Leydig cells disappear, and the dermal layer develops. In postmetamorphic stages, skin is differentiated on stratified epidermis and the dermis with well-developed glands. Three types of glands were observed in the skin of the postmetamorphic stages: mucous, granular and mixed. Gland composition appears to be stage- and sex-specific, with juveniles and adult female being more similar to each other. In juveniles and adult female, there are a similar proportion of glands in both dorsal and ventral skin, whereas in adult male granular glands dominated the dorsal skin, while mixed glands dominated the ventral skin. CONCLUSION Our results provide a baseline for future comparative research of skin anatomy in salamanders.
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Seifert AW, Cook AB, Shaw D. Inhibiting fibroblast aggregation in skin wounds unlocks developmental pathway to regeneration. Dev Biol 2019; 455:60-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2019.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Chammas SM, Carneiro SM, Ferro RS, Antoniazzi MM, Jared C. Development of integument and cutaneous glands in larval, juvenile and adult toads (Rhinella granulosa): a morphological and morphometric study. ACTA ZOOL-STOCKHOLM 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/azo.12091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sérgio M. Chammas
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology; Instituto Butantan; Avenida Vital Brasil 1500 CEP 05503-000 São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| | - Sylvia M. Carneiro
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology; Instituto Butantan; Avenida Vital Brasil 1500 CEP 05503-000 São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| | - Rafael S. Ferro
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology; Instituto Butantan; Avenida Vital Brasil 1500 CEP 05503-000 São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| | - Marta M. Antoniazzi
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology; Instituto Butantan; Avenida Vital Brasil 1500 CEP 05503-000 São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| | - Carlos Jared
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology; Instituto Butantan; Avenida Vital Brasil 1500 CEP 05503-000 São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
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Haslam IS, Roubos EW, Mangoni ML, Yoshizato K, Vaudry H, Kloepper JE, Pattwell DM, Maderson PFA, Paus R. From frog integument to human skin: dermatological perspectives from frog skin biology. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2013; 89:618-55. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Revised: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Iain S. Haslam
- The Dermatology Centre, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Institute of Inflammation and Repair; University of Manchester; Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PT U.K
| | - Eric W. Roubos
- Department of Anatomy; Radboud University Medical Centre; Geert Grooteplein Noord 2, 6525 EZ, Nijmegen P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Maria Luisa Mangoni
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti; La Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5-00185; Rome Italy
| | - Katsutoshi Yoshizato
- Academic Advisors Office, Synthetic Biology Research Center; Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine; Osaka Japan
- Phoenixbio Co. Ltd; 3-4-1, Kagamiyama; Higashihiroshima Hiroshima 739-0046 Japan
| | - Hubert Vaudry
- European Institute for Peptide Research; University of Rouen; Mont-Saint-Aignan Place Emile Blondel 76821 France
- INSERM U-982, CNRS; University of Rouen; Mont-Saint-Aignan Place Emile Blondel 76821 France
| | - Jennifer E. Kloepper
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Allergologie und Venerologie; Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Ratzeburger Allee 160; 23538 Lübeck Germany
| | - David M. Pattwell
- Leahurst Campus, Institute of Learning & Teaching; School of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool; Neston CH64 7TE U.K
| | | | - Ralf Paus
- The Dermatology Centre, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Institute of Inflammation and Repair; University of Manchester; Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PT U.K
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Allergologie und Venerologie; Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Ratzeburger Allee 160; 23538 Lübeck Germany
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Abstract
The development of multicellular organisms, as well as maintenance of organ architecture and function, requires robust regulation of cell fates. This is in part achieved by conserved signaling pathways through which cells process extracellular information and translate this information into changes in proliferation, differentiation, migration, and cell shape. Gene deletion studies in higher eukaryotes have assigned critical roles for components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and their cellular receptors in a vast number of developmental processes, indicating that a large proportion of this signaling is regulated by cell-ECM interactions. In addition, genetic alterations in components of this signaling axis play causative roles in several human diseases. This review will discuss what genetic analyses in mice and lower organisms have taught us about adhesion signaling in development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara A Wickström
- Paul Gerson Una Group, Skin Homeostasis and Ageing, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, 50937 Cologne, Germany.
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Yoshizato K. Molecular Mechanism and Evolutional Significance of Epithelial–Mesenchymal Interactions in the Body‐ and Tail‐Dependent Metamorphic Transformation of Anuran Larval Skin. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CYTOLOGY 2007; 260:213-60. [PMID: 17482907 DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7696(06)60005-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The epidermis of an anuran larva is composed of apical and skein cells that are both mitotically active and self-renewed through larval life. In contrast, the epidermis of an adult frog, with typical stratified squamous epithelium composed of germinative basal, spinous, granular, and cornified cells, is histologically identical to the mammalian epidermis. Two important issues have not yet been addressed in the study of the development of anuran skin. One is the origin of adult basal cells in the larval epidermis and the other is the mechanism by which larval basal cells are transformed into adult basal cells in a region- (body- and tail-) dependent manner. The cell lineage relationship between the larval and adult epidermal cells was determined by examining the expression profiles of several genes that are expressed specifically in larval and/or adult epidermal cells and differentiation profiles of larval basal cells cultured in the presence of thyroid hormone (TH). Histological analyses using several markers led to the identification of the skin transformation center (STC) where the conversion of larval skin to the adult counterpart is taking place. The STC emerges at a specific place in the body skin and at a specific stage of larval development. The STC progressively "moves" into and "invades" the adjacent larval region of the trunk skin as a larva develops, converting the larval skin into the preadult skin, but never into the tail region. The larva to preadult skin conversion requires an epidermal-mesenchymal interaction. The genesis of preadult basal cells is suppressed in the tail epidermis due to the influence of underlying mesenchyme in the tail region. PDGF signaling is one of the molecular cues of epidermal-mesenchymal interactions. In addition, a unique feature of anuran skin metamorphosis is presented referring to the skin of other vertebrates. Histological comparisons of the skin among vertebrate species strongly suggested a similarity between the anuran larval skin and the teleost fish adult skin and between the anuran adult skin and the adult skin of other tetrapod species. Based on these similarities, the evolutional significance of anuran skin metamorphosis is proposed. Finally, studies are reviewed that reveal the molecular mechanism of anuran metamorphosis in relation to TH-TR-TRE signaling. The results of these studies suggest new aspects of the biological significance of TH, and also enable us to envision concerted regulations of the expression of a gene in the frame of the gene network responsible for metamorphic remodeling of larval tissues. The present review will contribute to an understanding of the molecular mechanism of region-dependent skin development of anurans from not only a metamorphic but also from an evolutional point of view, and will provide a new way to understand the biological significance of TH in anurans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsutoshi Yoshizato
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
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Affiliation(s)
- B I Balinsky
- OSBORN ZOOLOGICAL LABORATORY, YALE UNIVERSITY, NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT
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Utoh R, Asahina K, Suzuki K, Kotani K, Obara M, Yoshizato K. Developmentally and regionally regulated participation of epidermal cells in the formation of collagen lamella of anuran tadpole skin. Dev Growth Differ 2000; 42:571-80. [PMID: 11142679 DOI: 10.1046/j.1440-169x.2000.00543.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the cellular mechanism of formation of subepidermal thick bundles of collagen (collagen lamella) during larval development of the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana, using cDNA of alpha1(I) collagen as a probe. The originally bilayered larval epidermis contains basal skein cells and apical cells, and the collagen lamella is directly attached to the basement membrane. The basal skein cells above the collagen lamella and fibroblasts beneath it intensively expressed the alpha1(I) gene. As the skin developed, suprabasal skein cells ceased expression of the gene. Concomitantly, the fibroblasts started to outwardly migrate, penetrated into the lamella and formed connective tissue between the epidermis and the lamella. These fibroblasts intensively expressed the gene. As the connective tissue developed, the basal skein cells ceased to express the gene and were replaced by larval basal cells that did not express the gene. These dynamic changes took place first in a lateral region of the body skin and proceeded to all other regions except the tail. Isolated cultured skein cells expressed the gene and extracellularly deposited its protein as the type I collagen fibrils. Thus, it is concluded that anuran larval epidermal cells can autonomously and intrinsically synthesize type I collagen.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Utoh
- Developmental Biology Laboratory, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Japan
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PORTER KR, PAPPAS GD. Collagen formation by fibroblasts of the chick embryo dermis. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 2000; 5:153-66. [PMID: 13630947 PMCID: PMC2224637 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.5.1.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This investigation has sought to determine the relation between collagen fiber and fibroblast during fibrogenesis. Toward this end the surfaces of chick fibroblasts grown under in vitro conditions have been examined with the electron microscope after fixation in OsO(4). Supplementary information has been obtained from thin sections of fibroblasts fixed in situ during phases of fiber production. The evidence provided by these studies and by various conditions of the experiments indicates that the unit fibrils of collagen form in close association with the cell surface. They were never observed within the cell. When these unit fibrils form in bundles it appears as though templates of some nature, possibly coinciding with stress fibers within the cell cortex, influence the polymerization of the fibrils out of material available at the cell surface. From here the fibrils and bundles of them are shed into the intercellular spaces and there grow to limited diameters by accretion of materials from the general milieu.
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CHAPMAN GB, DAWSON AB. Fine structure of the larval anuran epidermis, with special reference to the figures of Eberth. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 1998; 10:425-35. [PMID: 13692395 PMCID: PMC2225087 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.10.3.425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Small pieces of skin from 8 cm long Rana clamitans larvae were fixed in OsO(4), washed, dehydrated, and embedded in a methacrylate mixture. Ultrathin sections were cut on a Porter-Blum ultramicrotome and were examined in an RCA electron microscope, type EMU 2D. The sections showed that aggregates of fibrous material in the cells of the inner layer of epidermal cells are identical in disposition and size with the classical figures of Eberth. It is conclusively shown that these figures do not arise from an aggregation of mitochondrial filaments. The tendency of the fibrils to concentrate on attachment points, or thickenings of the basal plasma membrane, is noted. It is also observed that numerous mitochondria are located in the distal region of the cells of the outer layer of epidermis in association with the secretory vacuoles. Microvilli are seen occasionally on the free surface of the skin. Cisternae are found only in the cells of the outer epidermal layer, while vesicular endoplasmic reticulum is found in the cells of both epidermal layers.
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SINGER M, SALPETER MM. The bodies of Eberth and associated structures in the skin of the frog tadpole. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998; 147:1-19. [PMID: 13913296 DOI: 10.1002/jez.1401470102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Tamakoshi T, Oofusa K, Yoshizato K. Visualization of the initiation and sequential expansion of the metamorphic conversion of anuran larval skin into the precursor of adult type. Dev Growth Differ 1998; 40:105-12. [PMID: 9563916 DOI: 10.1046/j.1440-169x.1998.t01-3-00012.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A tadpole of bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana, is originally covered with the larval skin over its entire body. Drastic changes arise in both the epidermis and the subcutaneous connective tissue at an early developmental stage, producing the precursor of adult type skin (pre-adult skin). It was found that calcium is a useful probe to detect the region where the precursor formation has occurred because its deposition in the upper part of subcutaneous collagen bundles coincides with the appearance of the pre-adult skin. Whole-mount in situ staining of tadpoles with alizarin red S revealed the initiation site of the premetamorphic transformation of the larval skin into the adult precursor and its ensuing region-dependent expansion. The pre-adult skin first emerged at TK II to III (TK, Taylor and Kollros staging) t lateral sides of the body, which led us to postulate that 'the center for premetamorphic skin transformation' is formed at the specific site in this region. This center moved dorsally and then ventrally, then reached to the most proximal region of the tail, yielding a unique sequential conversion pattern by around TK V when the conversion was completed in the trunk. The present study also visualized the process of the hindlimb skin transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Tamakoshi
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Japan
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15
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Abstract
The ultra-structure of the developing notochord in urodele embryos, from the neurula to young tadpole stages, has been studied in thin sections. The first part of the paper is concerned with the intercellular membranes, the second with intracellular structures. In neurula stages the notochord cells are in rather loose contact, and gaps of considerable size occur between them. In tailbud stages, the cells become much more closely apposed, the surface of contact being usually thrown into slight waves or bumps; when sectioned normally it appears as two closely adherent profiles. In later tailbud stages the plasma membranes of the cells begin to fall apart again. The first sign of this is the appearance of small vesicles whose form suggests that fluid is being secreted into the intercellular spaces. These membrane vesicles increase considerably in numbers, but not in average dimensions(diameter about 500 to 700 Å). It is concluded that the increase in the closeness of association between contiguous cell membranes, which is seen during the early stages of chordagenesis, might provide the motive force which brings about the morphogenesis of the organ, as has been suggested earlier. The later separation of the cell membranes, with the appearance of membrane vesicles, is an unexpected phenomenon the significance of which is not clear. At the beginning of the period, the cells are of an undifferentiated embryonic type; by the end of it they have acquired a specific histological character, involving the appearance of large fluid-filled intracellular vacuoles, the formation of a notochordal sheath and other features. During the course of differentiation, two different types of ergastoplasm make their appearance one after another. The first is associated with the formation of the fluid-filled vacuoles; the second with the formation of the sheath ; and an ergastoplasm resembling the second chordal type is also found in the mesenchyme cells which lie against the external surface of the sheath. All three ergastoplasms are continuous with the nuclear envelope at the time when they are rapidly increasing in size; and it seems probable that they are directly derived from the outer member of the nuclear envelope. Golgi elements, mitochondria and various other types of granule (‘multi-vesiculate bodies') are also found. In the early stages the body of the nucleus is often penetrated by long cytoplasmic processes. It is suggested that these may arise when the new nuclear envelope is being formed at telophase. It is argued that the morphologically characteristic types of ergastoplasm found in different types of cell, and at different stages during the development of a given type of cell, are probably not merely consequences of the particular type of synthesis proceeding, since they appear before such synthesis can have got very far; it seems more probable that the ultra-microscopic morphology of the nuclear envelope and ergastoplasm is a visible expression of the nature of the synthetic machinery. The functions of these structures might either be to increase the efficiency of the nuclear control of cytoplasmic processes, or to contribute to the co-ordination between the various different synthetic processes which must be involved in differentiation.
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Abstract
The organization of the normal collagen molecule and fibrils is reviewed and the detection, assay, and isolation of a collagenolytic enzyme from amphibian tadpole tissue are described and its possible significance in metamorphosis is discussed
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Shah RM, Donaldson EM, Scudder GG. Toward the origin of the secondary palate. A possible homologue in the embryo of fish, Onchorhynchus kisutch, with description of changes in the basement membrane area. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ANATOMY 1990; 189:329-38. [PMID: 2285041 DOI: 10.1002/aja.1001890405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The oral cavity of embryos and larvae of the teleost Onchorhynchus kisutch was examined. Tissues were obtained at different ages prior to and after hatching and processed for transmission and scanning electron microscopy. A bilaterally symmetrical bulge developed from the superolateral aspect of the oral cavity and projected toward its floor, along the sides of the tongue. The bulge extended from behind the primary palate to a position midway below the eye, anterior to the gill arches, and it is suggested to be the homologue of the secondary palate of higher vertebrates. Ultrastructurally, the epithelium differentiated as the stratified squamous type and it contained mucous cells. However, the features of programmed cell death seen during palatogenesis in mammals were absent in fish. The fish palate mesenchyme, unlike that of higher vertebrates, was chondrified. Also in contrast to higher vertebrates, alterations were seen in the fish palatal basement membrane. A transient appearance of adepidermal granules in the lamina lucida region was followed by organization of collagen fibrils, first into an orthogonal pattern and then into a herring-bone arrangement, in the lamina reticularis region. There was no further advancement in the morphogenesis of fish palate. It is suggested that the differences in the morphogenesis and structure of the secondary palates of various vertebrates may reflect environmentally enforced adaptation, resulting in different programming of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Shah
- Department of Oral Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Yoshizato K. Biochemistry and cell biology of amphibian metamorphosis with a special emphasis on the mechanism of removal of larval organs. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CYTOLOGY 1990; 119:97-149. [PMID: 2695486 DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7696(08)60650-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K Yoshizato
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Japan
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Sasaki F, Takahama H, Horiguchi T, Watanabe K. Electron-microscopical study of the operculum in anuran tadpole after extirpation of the right forelimb during metamorphosis. Cell Tissue Res 1983; 232:513-27. [PMID: 6883455 DOI: 10.1007/bf00216425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The process of histolysis and fenestration of the skin of the prospective opercular perforation region of Rana japonica after extirpation of the right forelimb was observed during metamorphosis by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Epidermal cells of the belly of the tadpole, including the operculum, are extremely similar in their ultrastructure. Epidermal cells of the prospective opercular perforation region during metamorphosis become thin and vacuolated especially around the nucleus perhaps by autolysis, associated with lysosomal activity. The histolysis and formation of the perforation of the operculum occurs in the complete absence of forelimb. Macrophages containing phagosomes and lymphocytes or other blood cells are almost always found in the intercellular epidermis. Necrotic epidermal cells progressively separate by cleft formation and slough off without cornification.
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Allizard F, Zylberberg L. A technical improvement for sectioning hard laminated fibrous tissues for electron microscopic studies. STAIN TECHNOLOGY 1982; 57:335-9. [PMID: 7164121 DOI: 10.3109/10520298209066735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Tachibana T, Mizuhira V, Futaesaku Y, Watanabe K. A structural and developmental study of adepidermal granules in the anuran tadpole using tannic acid fixation. J Anat 1977; 124:71-82. [PMID: 914706 PMCID: PMC1235514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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Overton J. Scanning microscopy of collagen in the basement lamella of normal and regenerating frog tadpoles. J Morphol 1976; 150:805-823. [DOI: 10.1002/jmor.1051500403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Singer II. An electron microscopic and autoradiographic study of mesogleal organization and collagen synthesis in the sea anemone Aiptasia diaphana. Cell Tissue Res 1974; 149:537-54. [PMID: 4152575 DOI: 10.1007/bf00223031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Larsen JH. Effects of cytochalasin B on the ultrastructure of Rana pretiosa tadpole epidermis. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 1973; 177:427-39. [PMID: 4754159 DOI: 10.1002/ar.1091770308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Tachibana T, Watanabe K. Biochemical study of the adepidermal granules of Urodela and Anura--especially on lipids. HISTOCHEMIE. HISTOCHEMISTRY. HISTOCHIMIE 1973; 37:215-22. [PMID: 4774515 DOI: 10.1007/bf00304183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Fox H. Degeneration of the tail notochord of Rana temporaria at metamorphic climax. Examination by electron microscopy. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ZELLFORSCHUNG UND MIKROSKOPISCHE ANATOMIE (VIENNA, AUSTRIA : 1948) 1973; 138:371-86. [PMID: 4540978 DOI: 10.1007/bf00307099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Watanabe K, Tachibana T. Transmission and scanning electron microscopic study of adepidermal granules of teleosts and amphibia. Cell Tissue Res 1973. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00307030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Friedman MH. A light and electron microscopic study of sensory organs and associated structures in the foreleg tibia of the cricket, Gryllus assimilis. J Morphol 1972; 138:263-327. [PMID: 4636814 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.1051380302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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31
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Taban CH, Connelly TG. Histological observations on allografts and reciprocal xenografts in newts (Notophthalmus viridescens) and axolotis (Ambystoma mexicanum). THE JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY 1972; 182:15-29. [PMID: 4561282 DOI: 10.1002/jez.1401820103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Stuart ES, Garber B, Moscona AA. Analysis of feather germ formation in the embryo and vitro, in normal development and in skin treated with hydrocortisone. THE JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY 1972; 179:97-118. [PMID: 4333385 DOI: 10.1002/jez.1401790108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Abstract
The embryonic chick corneal epithelium produces a highly structured acellular matrix beneath its basal surface during early development. This matrix, which contains collagen, serves as a morphogenetic template for subsequent stromal development in that the three-dimensional architecture of the adult corneal stroma is initially established, in miniature, in this epithelially derived connective tissue. Examination of the early corneal epithelium and matrix in both the light and electron microscope suggests that self assembly of the matrix may be one of several important factors in the morphogenesis of this early connective tissue.
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Prolactin-induced stimulation of H3-proline incorporation into the basement lamella of tadpole skin: Light and electron microscope study. Tissue Cell 1971; 3:557-66. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-8166(71)80003-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/1970] [Revised: 06/01/1971] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Nadol JB, Gibbins JR. Autoradiographic evidence for epithelial origin of glucose-rich components of the basement membrane (basal lamina) and basement lamella in the skin of Fundulus heteroclitus. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ZELLFORSCHUNG UND MIKROSKOPISCHE ANATOMIE (VIENNA, AUSTRIA : 1948) 1970; 106:398-411. [PMID: 5423742 DOI: 10.1007/bf00335781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Abstract
Symmetrical, extracellular fibrils, which are related to the "special fibrils" of the dermis described by Palade and Farquhar, have been found along the outer surface of the basement membrane covering the notochord in the tail of Rana catesbeiana (bullfrog) tadpoles. The fibrils are approximately 7,500 A long and occur singly or in clusters. The single fibrils are characterized by a symmetrical transverse band pattern and by attachment at both ends to the basement membrane. The clusters are various complex configurations which seemingly represent symmetrical fibrils in different states of aggregation. Symmetrical fibrils also occur in the skin of the tadpole tail and in the skin of the toad, Bufo marinus. It is proposed that a narrow, symmetrical fibril is the fundamental "special fibril."
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Parakkal PF. Ultrastructural changes of the basal lamina during the hair growth cycle. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 1969; 40:561-4. [PMID: 5812476 PMCID: PMC2107610 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.40.2.561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
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Gona AG. Light and electron microscopic study on thyroxine-induced in vitro resorption of the tadpole tail fin. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ZELLFORSCHUNG UND MIKROSKOPISCHE ANATOMIE (VIENNA, AUSTRIA : 1948) 1969; 95:483-94. [PMID: 5404554 DOI: 10.1007/bf00335142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Løvtrup S. Amphibian Embryogenesis: Induction, Cell Transformation and Cell Differentiation. ACTA ZOOL-STOCKHOLM 1967. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-6395.1967.tb00137.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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40
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Lesseps RJ. The removal by phospholipase C of a layer of lanthanum-staining material external to the cell membrane in embryonic chick cells. J Cell Biol 1967; 34:173-83. [PMID: 4166402 PMCID: PMC2107226 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.34.1.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Fixation of embryonic chick cells (heart, neural retina, and limb bud) in the presence of lanthanum ions shows the presence of an electron-opaque layer, about 50 A thick, external to the cell membrane. This layer, designated LSM (for lanthanum-staining material), is not removable by trypsin, pronase, EDTA, DNase, alpha-amylase, neuraminidase, or N-acetyl-L-cysteine. However, phospholipase C, in concentrations as low as 0.001 mg/ml, succeeds in stripping the LSM from the cell surface. Heating the enzyme preparation does not inhibit this activity, but removal of divalent cations does; both of these results are consistent with the known properties of phospholipase C. The LSM is present at the cell surface in the control tissues and on cells dissociated from the tissues by proteolytic enzymes and EDTA. These results are interpreted to mean that the LSM is probably an integral part of the cell and not an extraneous coat. How this phenomenon bears on the problem of cellular adhesion is discussed, as is the possible chemical composition of the LSM.
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Kelly DE. Fine structure of desmosomes. , hemidesmosomes, and an adepidermal globular layer in developing newt epidermis. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 1966; 28:51-72. [PMID: 5901500 PMCID: PMC2106892 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.28.1.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 372] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The skin of late embryonic, larval, and young postmetamorphic newts, Taricha torosa, has been examined with particular reference to areas of cellular attachment. Stereo electron microscopic techniques and special staining methods for extracellular materials were utilized in addition to conventional avenues of ultrastructural study to investigate the fine architecture of desmosomes, hemidesmosomes, their associated filament systems, and extracellular materials. No evidence has been found that continuity of tonofilaments between adjacent cells exists at desmosomes. Rather, most of the tonofilaments which approach desmosomes (and perhaps also hemidesmosomes) course toward the "attachment plaque" and then loop, either outside the plaque or within it, and return into the main filament tracts of the cell. These facts suggest that the filamentous framework provides intracellular tensile support while adhesion is a product of extracellular materials which accumulate at attachment sites. Evidence is presented that the extracellular material is arranged as pillars or partitions which are continuous with or layered upon the outer unit cell membrane leaflets and adjoined in a discontinuous dense midline of the desmosome. A similar analysis has been made of extracellular materials associated with hemidesmosomes along the basal surface of epidermal cells. An adepidermal globular zone, separating the basal cell boundary from the underlying basal lamina and collagenous lamellae during larval stages, has been interpreted from enzyme and solvent extraction study as a lipid-mucopolysaccharide complex, the function of which remains obscure. These observations are discussed in relation to prevailing theories of cellular adhesion and epidermal differentiation. They appear consistent with the concept that a wide range of adhesive specializations exists in nature, and that the more highly organized of these, such as large desmosomes and hemidesmosomes, serve as strong, highly supported attachment sites, supplemental in function to a more generalized aggregating mechanism.
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Zur funktionellen Morphologie der Fibroin- und Sericinsekretion der Seidendr�se von Bombyx mori L. Cell Tissue Res 1965. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00368246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Pflugfelder O, Schubert G. Elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen an der Haut von Larven-und Metamorphosestadien von Xenopus laevis nach Kaliumperchloratbehandlung. Cell Tissue Res 1965. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00339279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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SCHMIDT AJ. Architectural regularity of the subepidermal reticulum of fibers in the adult newt,Triturus viridescens (Diemictylus v.). J Morphol 1962; 111:275-85. [PMID: 13991949 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.1051110305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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WEBER R. Similar pattern of fine structure in the basement lamella of the skin and the external sheath of the notochord inXenopus larvae. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1961; 17:365-6. [PMID: 13783642 DOI: 10.1007/bf02201766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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