1
|
Tlatelpa-Romero B, Contreras-Cruz DA, Guerrero-Luna G, Hernández-Linares MG, Ruiz-Salgado S, Mendoza-Milla C, Romero Y, de-la-Rosa Paredes R, Oyarzábal LF, Mendoza-Sámano DA, Galván-León JA, Vázquez-de-Lara LG. Organic synthesis of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-rac-glycero-3-phosphatidylethanolamine and its effect on the induction of apoptosis in normal human lung fibroblasts. Chem Phys Lipids 2023; 257:105349. [PMID: 37838345 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2023.105349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND /OBJECTIVE The phospholipid 1,2-dipalmitoyl-rac-glycero-3-phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) comprises two fatty acid chains: glycerol, phosphate, and ethanolamine. PE participates in critical cellular processes such as apoptosis and autophagy, which places it as a target for designing new therapeutic alternatives in diseases such as pulmonary fibrosis. Therefore, this study aimed obtain PE through a six-step organic synthesis pathway and determine its biological effect on apoptosis induction in normal human lung fibroblasts (NHLF). METHODOLOGY The first step of the organic synthesis route began with protected glycerol that was benzylated at sn-3; later, it was deprotected to react with palmitic acid at sn-1, sn-2. To remove the benzyl group, hydrogenation was performed with palladium on carbon (Pd/C); subsequently, the molecule was phosphorylated in sn-3 with phosphorus oxychloride and triethylamine, and the intermediate was hydrolyzed in an acid medium to obtain the final compound. After PE synthesis, apoptosis assessment was performed: apoptosis was induced using exposure to annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide-ECD (PI) and quantified using flow cytometry. The experiments were performed in three NHLF cell lines with different concentrations of PE 10, 100 and 1000 µg/mL for 24 and 48 h. RESULTS The PE obtained by organic synthesis presented a melting point of 190-192 °C, a purity of 95%, and a global yield of 8%. The evaluation of apoptosis with flow cytometry showed that at 24 h, exposure to PE 10, 100, and 1000 µg/mL induces early apoptosis in 19.42%- 25.54%, while late apoptosis was only significant P < 0.05 in cells challenged with 100 µg/mL PE. At 48 h, NHLF exposed to PE 10, 100, and 1000 µg/mL showed decreasing early apoptosis: 28.69-32.16%, 12.59-18.84%, and 10.91-12.61%, respectively. The rest of the NHLF exposed to PE showed late apoptosis: 12.03-16-42%, 11.04-15.94%, and 49.23-51.28%. Statistical analysis showed a significance P < 0.05 compared to the control. CONCLUSION The organic synthesis route of PE allows obtaining rac-1,2-O-Dipalmitoyl-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (1), which showed an apoptotic effect on NHLF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Tlatelpa-Romero
- Programa de Maestría y Doctorado en Ciencias Médicas, Ondotológicas y de la Salud, División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico; Laboratorio de Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla 72420, Mexico
| | | | - Gabriel Guerrero-Luna
- Centro de Química, Instituto de Ciencias. Herbario y Jardín Botánico Universitario. Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 72570 Puebla, Mexico
| | - María Guadalupe Hernández-Linares
- Centro de Química, Instituto de Ciencias. Herbario y Jardín Botánico Universitario. Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 72570 Puebla, Mexico
| | - Sinuhé Ruiz-Salgado
- Área Académica de Ciencias de la Tierra y Materiales, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo Km. 4.5, 42184, Mexico
| | - Criselda Mendoza-Milla
- Laboratorio de Transducción de Señales, Unidad de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico
| | - Yair Romero
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | | | - Luis F Oyarzábal
- Laboratorio de Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla 72420, Mexico
| | | | - Jiovani Alfredo Galván-León
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 09230, Mexico
| | - Luis G Vázquez-de-Lara
- Laboratorio de Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla 72420, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zumbuehl A. Artificial Phospholipids and Their Vesicles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:10223-10232. [PMID: 30278137 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b02601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipids are at the heart and origin of life on this planet. The possibilities in terms of phospholipid self-assembly and biological functions seem limitless. Nonetheless, nature exploits only a small fraction of the available chemical space of phospholipids. Using chemical synthesis, artificial phospholipid structures become accessible, and the study of their biophysics may reveal unprecedented properties. In this article, the recent advances by our work group in the field of chemical lipidology are summarized. The family of diamidophospholipids is discussed in detail from monolayer characterization to the formation of faceted vesicles, culminating in the template-free self-assembly of phospholipid cubes and the possible applications of vesicle origami in modern personalized medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Zumbuehl
- Department of Chemistry , University of Fribourg , Chemin du Musée 9 , 1700 Fribourg , Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Synthesis of Fluorescent Membrane-Spanning Lipids for Studies of Lipid Transfer and Membrane Fusion. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1949:307-324. [PMID: 30790264 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9136-5_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
For uncompromised in vitro assays for intermembrane lipid transfer and membrane fusion fluorescent membrane-spanning lipids have proved to be invaluable tools. These lipids in contrast to phosphoglycerolipids and sphingolipids are resistant to spontaneous as well as protein-mediated intermembrane transfer. Here I describe the synthesis of some homo-substituted fluorescent bipolar membrane-spanning lipids that bear a fluorescent tag either directly or via a phosphoethanolamine spacer to the lipid core. For the synthesis the lipid core of the bipolar membrane-spanning lipids, i.e., the tetraether lipid caldarchaeol, is prepared from cultures of the archaea Thermoplasma acidophilum.
Collapse
|
4
|
The chemical synthesis and preliminary biological studies of phosphodiester and phosphorothioate analogues of 2-methoxy-lysophosphatidylethanolamine. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:3725-9. [PMID: 27268697 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.05.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The chemical synthesis of phosphorothioate/phosphodiester analogues of 2-methoxy-lysophosphatidylethanolamine has been described. For the preparation of phosphorothioate derivatives oxathiaphospholane approach has been employed. The phosphodiester compounds were prepared by OXONE® oxidation of corresponding phosphorothioates. Each lysophospholipid analogue was synthesized as a series of four compounds, bearing different fatty acid residues both saturated (14:0, 16:0, 18:0) and unsaturated (18:1). The methylation of glycerol 2-hydroxyl function was applied in order to increase the stability of prepared analogues by preventing 1→2 acyl migration. The cytotoxicity of newly synthesized 2-methoxy-lysophosphatidylethanolamine derivatives was evaluated with resazurin-based method in prostate cancer PC3 cell line. The highest reduction of cell viability was noted for LPE analogues containing myristoyl acyl chain.
Collapse
|
5
|
Patra S, Roy E, Madhuri R, Sharma PK. Retracted Article: Creation of ultrasound and temperature-triggered bubble liposomes from economical precursors to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of curcumin in cancer cells. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra14584a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An ultrasound and temperature responsive bubble liposome has been designed with high physiological stability, targeted, rapid and tunable drug release profile.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Santanu Patra
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Indian School of Mines
- Dhanbad
- India
| | - Ekta Roy
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Indian School of Mines
- Dhanbad
- India
| | - Rashmi Madhuri
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Indian School of Mines
- Dhanbad
- India
| | - Prashant K. Sharma
- Functional Nanomaterials Research Laboratory
- Department of Applied Physics
- Indian School of Mines
- Dhanbad
- India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Schwarzmann G, Breiden B, Sandhoff K. Membrane-spanning lipids for an uncompromised monitoring of membrane fusion and intermembrane lipid transfer. J Lipid Res 2015; 56:1861-79. [PMID: 26269359 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m056929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A Förster resonance energy transfer-based fusion and transfer assay was developed to study, in model membranes, protein-mediated membrane fusion and intermembrane lipid transfer of fluorescent sphingolipid analogs. For this assay, it became necessary to apply labeled reporter molecules that are resistant to spontaneous as well as protein-mediated intermembrane transfer. The novelty of this assay is the use of nonextractable fluorescent membrane-spanning bipolar lipids. Starting from the tetraether lipid caldarchaeol, we synthesized fluorescent analogs with fluorophores at both polar ends. In addition, we synthesized radioactive glycosylated caldarchaeols. These labeled lipids were shown to stretch through bilayer membranes rather than to loop within a single lipid layer of liposomes. More important, the membrane-spanning lipids (MSLs) in contrast to phosphoglycerides proved to be nonextractable by proteins. We could show that the GM2 activator protein (GM2AP) is promiscuous with respect to glycero- and sphingolipid transfer. Saposin (Sap) B also transferred sphingolipids albeit with kinetics different from GM2AP. In addition, we could unambiguously show that the recombinant activator protein Sap C x His6 induced membrane fusion rather than intermembrane lipid transfer. These findings showed that these novel MSLs, in contrast with fluorescent phosphoglycerolipids, are well suited for an uncompromised monitoring of membrane fusion and intermembrane lipid transfer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Günter Schwarzmann
- Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, Membrane Biology & Lipid Biochemistry Unit, Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Bernadette Breiden
- Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, Membrane Biology & Lipid Biochemistry Unit, Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Konrad Sandhoff
- Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, Membrane Biology & Lipid Biochemistry Unit, Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
|
8
|
Drescher S, Dobner B. Synthesis of Novel Asymmetrical Single-Chain Phosphoglycol-Based Bolaamphiphiles. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2013.825806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
9
|
Xu F, Wang H, Zhao J, Liu X, Li D, Chen C, Ji J. Chiral Packing of Cholesteryl Group as an Effective Strategy To Get Low Molecular Weight Supramolecular Hydrogels in the Absence of Intermolecular Hydrogen Bond. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma400276u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fangming Xu
- Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis
and Functionalization, Ministry of Education, Department of Polymer
Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Haibo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis
and Functionalization, Ministry of Education, Department of Polymer
Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis
and Functionalization, Ministry of Education, Department of Polymer
Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xiangsheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis
and Functionalization, Ministry of Education, Department of Polymer
Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Dandan Li
- Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis
and Functionalization, Ministry of Education, Department of Polymer
Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Chaojian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis
and Functionalization, Ministry of Education, Department of Polymer
Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Jian Ji
- Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis
and Functionalization, Ministry of Education, Department of Polymer
Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Manukovsky N, Sanders E, Matalon E, Wolf SG, Goldfarb D. Membrane curvature and cholesterol effects on lipids packing and spin-labelled lipids conformational distributions. Mol Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2013.800601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
11
|
Matalon E, Kaminker I, Zimmermann H, Eisenstein M, Shai Y, Goldfarb D. Topology of the trans-membrane peptide WALP23 in model membranes under negative mismatch conditions. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:2280-93. [PMID: 23311473 DOI: 10.1021/jp310056h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The organization and orientation of membrane-inserted helices is important for better understanding the mode of action of membrane-active peptides and of protein-membrane interactions. Here we report on the application of ESEEM (electron spin-echo envelope modulation) and DEER (double electron-electron resonance) techniques to probe the orientation and oligomeric state of an α-helical trans-membrane model peptide, WALP23, under conditions of negative mismatch between the hydrophobic cores of the model membrane and the peptide. Using ESEEM, we measured weak dipolar interactions between spin-labeled WALP23 and (2)H nuclei of either the solvent (D2O) or of lipids specifically deuterated at the choline group. The ESEEM data obtained from the deuterated lipids were fitted using a model that provided the spin label average distance from a layer of (2)H nuclei in the hydrophilic region of the membrane and the density of the (2)H nuclei in the layer. DEER was used to probe oligomerization through the dipolar interaction between two spin-labels on different peptides. We observed that the center of WALP23 does not coincide with the bilayer midplane and its N-terminus is more buried than the C-terminus. In addition, the ESEEM data fitting yielded a (2)H layer density that was much lower than expected. The DEER experiments revealed the presence of oligomers, the presence of which was attributable to the negative mismatch and the electrostatic dipole of the peptide. A discussion of a possible arrangement of the individual helices in the oligomers that is consistent with the ESEEM and DEER data is presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erez Matalon
- Department of Chemical Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel 76100
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
|
13
|
Gordon-Grossman M, Zimmermann H, Wolf SG, Shai Y, Goldfarb D. Investigation of Model Membrane Disruption Mechanism by Melittin using Pulse Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Cryogenic Transmission Electron Microscopy. J Phys Chem B 2011; 116:179-88. [DOI: 10.1021/jp207159z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
14
|
Kabra V, Sharma S, Gupta N, Kumar A, Meena P. Synthesis and Antioxidant Properties of Novel 1,3,2-Oxazaphospholanes Incorporating 1,2-Dihydropyridines. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/10426500903544306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vijaya Kabra
- a Department of Chemistry , University of Rajasthan , Jaipur , India
| | - Sonia Sharma
- a Department of Chemistry , University of Rajasthan , Jaipur , India
| | - Neelima Gupta
- a Department of Chemistry , University of Rajasthan , Jaipur , India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- b Department of Zoology , University of Rajasthan , Jaipur , India
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Overmars FJJ, Engberts JBFN, Weringa WD. Synthesis of and vesicle formation from phosphorylcholine amphiphiles with one symmetrically branched alkyl chain. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/recl.19941130506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
16
|
Lammers J, van Boom J. Synthesis of phospholipids via phosphotriester intermediates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/recl.19790980419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
17
|
Ter Horst B, Seshadri C, Sweet L, Young DC, Feringa BL, Moody DB, Minnaard AJ. Asymmetric synthesis and structure elucidation of a glycerophospholipid from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Lipid Res 2009; 51:1017-22. [PMID: 19965610 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m001982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A glycerophospholipid (1-O-tuberculostearoyl-2-O-palmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine) from Mycobacterium tuberculosis was isolated from the reference strain H37Rv. The molecular structure of this tuberculostearoyl [(R)-10-methyloctadecyl] and palmitoyl containing phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) has been resolved. The substitution pattern on the glycerol backbone could be determined by comparison of the isolate to the two synthetically prepared regioisomers. MS/MS analysis was used to determine its molecular structure. Production of this synthetic version of mycobacterial PE in high yield, with a stereochemically correct and pathogen-specific fatty acyl group, can be used as a standard in LC-MS based lipidomic analyses to detect trace amounts of mycobacterial PE in human blood, sputum, or tissues as a marker of infection by mycobacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bjorn Ter Horst
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Gordon-Grossman M, Gofman Y, Zimmermann H, Frydman V, Shai Y, Ben-Tal N, Goldfarb D. A Combined Pulse EPR and Monte Carlo Simulation Study Provides Molecular Insight on Peptide−Membrane Interactions. J Phys Chem B 2009; 113:12687-95. [DOI: 10.1021/jp905129b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michal Gordon-Grossman
- Departments of Chemical Physics, Chemical Infrastructure
Unit, Biological Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot,
Israel 76100, GKSS Research Center, Geesthacht, Germany 21502, Max-Planck
Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany, and Department
of Biochemistry, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv
University, Tel-Aviv, Israel 69978
| | - Yana Gofman
- Departments of Chemical Physics, Chemical Infrastructure
Unit, Biological Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot,
Israel 76100, GKSS Research Center, Geesthacht, Germany 21502, Max-Planck
Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany, and Department
of Biochemistry, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv
University, Tel-Aviv, Israel 69978
| | - Herbert Zimmermann
- Departments of Chemical Physics, Chemical Infrastructure
Unit, Biological Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot,
Israel 76100, GKSS Research Center, Geesthacht, Germany 21502, Max-Planck
Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany, and Department
of Biochemistry, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv
University, Tel-Aviv, Israel 69978
| | - Veronica Frydman
- Departments of Chemical Physics, Chemical Infrastructure
Unit, Biological Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot,
Israel 76100, GKSS Research Center, Geesthacht, Germany 21502, Max-Planck
Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany, and Department
of Biochemistry, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv
University, Tel-Aviv, Israel 69978
| | - Yechiel Shai
- Departments of Chemical Physics, Chemical Infrastructure
Unit, Biological Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot,
Israel 76100, GKSS Research Center, Geesthacht, Germany 21502, Max-Planck
Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany, and Department
of Biochemistry, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv
University, Tel-Aviv, Israel 69978
| | - Nir Ben-Tal
- Departments of Chemical Physics, Chemical Infrastructure
Unit, Biological Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot,
Israel 76100, GKSS Research Center, Geesthacht, Germany 21502, Max-Planck
Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany, and Department
of Biochemistry, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv
University, Tel-Aviv, Israel 69978
| | - Daniella Goldfarb
- Departments of Chemical Physics, Chemical Infrastructure
Unit, Biological Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot,
Israel 76100, GKSS Research Center, Geesthacht, Germany 21502, Max-Planck
Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany, and Department
of Biochemistry, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv
University, Tel-Aviv, Israel 69978
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Bragina NA, Chupin VV. Methods of synthesis of deuterium-labelled lipids. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2007. [DOI: 10.1070/rc1997v066n11abeh000369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
20
|
Liu J, Wang L, Harvey-White J, Huang BX, Kim HY, Luquet S, Palmiter RD, Krystal G, Rai R, Mahadevan A, Razdan RK, Kunos G. Multiple pathways involved in the biosynthesis of anandamide. Neuropharmacology 2007; 54:1-7. [PMID: 17631919 PMCID: PMC2219543 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2007.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2007] [Revised: 05/21/2007] [Accepted: 05/22/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Endocannabinoids, including anandamide (arachidonoyl ethanolamide) have been implicated in the regulation of a growing number of physiological and pathological processes. Anandamide can be generated from its membrane phospholipid precursor N-arachidonoyl phosphatidylethanolamine (NAPE) through hydrolysis by a phospholipase D (NAPE-PLD). Recent evidence indicates, however, the existence of two additional, parallel pathways. One involves the sequential deacylation of NAPE by alpha,beta-hydrolase 4 (Abhd4) and the subsequent cleavage of glycerophosphate to yield anandamide, and the other one proceeds through phospholipase C-mediated hydrolysis of NAPE to yield phosphoanandamide, which is then dephosphorylated by phosphatases, including the tyrosine phosphatase PTPN22 and the inositol 5' phosphatase SHIP1. Conversion of synthetic NAPE to AEA by brain homogenates from wild-type and NAPE-PLD(-/-) mice can proceed through both the PLC/phosphatase and Abdh4 pathways, with the former being dominant at shorter (<10 min) and the latter at longer (60 min) incubations. In macrophages, the endotoxin-induced synthesis of anandamide proceeds uniquely through the phospholipase C/phosphatase pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, NIAAA/NIH, 5625 Fishers Lane, MS-9413, Bethesda, MD 20892-9413, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Babitskaya SV, Vlasov AP, Dolgopalets VI, Zhukova MV, Kisel’ MA, Kuz’mitskii BB, Mashkovich AE, Nasek VM, Romanenko OV, Shnigir VM. Encapsulation of doxorubicin in liposomes containing phosphatidylethanol. Part 2: Physicochemical characterization and antitumor activity of “solid” liposomes. Pharm Chem J 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-006-0067-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
22
|
Carmieli R, Papo N, Zimmermann H, Potapov A, Shai Y, Goldfarb D. Utilizing ESEEM spectroscopy to locate the position of specific regions of membrane-active peptides within model membranes. Biophys J 2006; 90:492-505. [PMID: 16258052 PMCID: PMC1367055 DOI: 10.1529/biophysj.105.062992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2005] [Accepted: 10/05/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane-active peptides participate in many cellular processes, and therefore knowledge of their mode of interaction with phospholipids is essential for understanding their biological function. Here we present a new methodology based on electron spin-echo envelope modulation to probe, at a relatively high resolution, the location of membrane-bound lytic peptides and to study their effect on the water concentration profile of the membrane. As a first example, we determined the location of the N-terminus of two membrane-active amphipathic peptides, the 26-mer bee venom melittin and a de novo designed 15-mer D,L-amino acid amphipathic peptide (5D-L9K6C), both of which are antimicrobial and bind and act similarly on negatively charged membranes. A nitroxide spin label was introduced to the N-terminus of the peptides and measurements were performed either in H2O solutions with deuterated model membranes or in D2O solutions with nondeuterated model membranes. The lipids used were dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and phosphatidylglycerol (PG), (DPPC/PG (7:3 w/w)), egg phosphatidylcholine (PC) and PG (PC/PG (7:3 w/w)), and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and PG (PE/PG, 7:3w/w). The modulation induced by the 2H nuclei was determined and compared with a series of controls that produced a reference "ruler". Actual estimated distances were obtained from a quantitative analysis of the modulation depth based on a simple model of an electron spin situated at a certain distance from the bottom of a layer with homogeneously distributed deuterium nuclei. The N-terminus of both peptides was found to be in the solvent layer in both the DPPC/PG and PC/PG membranes. For PE/PG, a further displacement into the solvent was observed. The addition of the peptides was found to change the water distribution in the membrane, making it "flatter" and increasing the penetration depth into the hydrophobic region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raanan Carmieli
- Department of Chemical Physics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel 76100
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Andresen TL, Davidsen J, Begtrup M, Mouritsen OG, Jørgensen K. Enzymatic Release of Antitumor Ether Lipids by Specific Phospholipase A2 Activation of Liposome-Forming Prodrugs. J Med Chem 2004; 47:1694-703. [PMID: 15027860 DOI: 10.1021/jm031029r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An enzymatically activated liposome-based drug-delivery concept involving masked antitumor ether lipids (AELs) has been investigated. This concept takes advantage of the cytotoxic properties of AEL drugs as well as the membrane permeability enhancing properties of these molecules, which can lead to enhanced drug diffusion into cells. Three prodrugs of AELs (proAELs) have been synthesized and four liposome systems, consisting of these proAELs, were investigated for enzymatic degradation by secretory phospholipase A(2) (sPLA(2)), resulting in the release of AELs. The three synthesized proAELs were (R)-1-O-hexadecyl-2-palmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (1-O-DPPC), (R)-1-O-hexadecyl-2-palmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine poly(ethylene glycol)(350) (1-O-DPPE-PEG(350)), and 1-O-DPPE-PEG(2000) of which 1-O-DPPC was the main liposome component. All three phospholipids were synthesized from the versatile starting material (R)-O-benzyl glycidol. A phosphorylation method, employing methyl dichlorophosphate, was developed and applied in the synthesis of two analogues of (R)-1-O-hexadecyl-2-palmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine poly(ethylene glycol). Differential scanning calorimetry has been used to investigate the phase behavior of the lipid bilayers. A release study, employing calcein encapsulated in non-hydrolyzable 1,2-bis-O-octadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (D-O-SPC) liposomes, showed that proAELs, activated by sPLA(2), perturb membranes because of the detergent-like properties of the released hydrolysis products. A hemolysis investigation was conducted on human red blood cells, and the results demonstrate that proAEL liposomes display a very low hemotoxicity, which has been a major obstacle for using AELs in cancer therapy. The results suggest a possible way of combining a drug-delivery and prodrug concept in a single liposome system. Our investigation of the permeability-enhancing properties of the AEL molecules imply that by encapsulating conventional chemotherapeutic drugs, such as doxorubicin, in liposomes consisting of proAELs, an increased effect of the encapsulated drug might be achievable due to an enhanced transmembrane drug diffusion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas L Andresen
- Department of Chemistry and LiPlasome Pharma A/S, Technical University of Denmark, Building 207, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
The antiprotozoal activity of phospholipid analogues, originally developed as anti-cancer drugs, has been determined in the past decade. The most susceptible parasites are Leishmania spp. and Trypanosoma cruzi with activity also shown against Trypanosoma brucei spp., Entamoeba histolytica and Acanthamoeba spp. Miltefosine, an alkylphosphocholine, was registered for the oral treatment of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in India in March 2002. This review will focus on the biological activities of phospholipid analogues. Biochemical and molecular targets and mechanism(s) of action have been studied extensively in tumor cells but have not been determined in protozoa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon L Croft
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Walochnik J, Duchêne M, Seifert K, Obwaller A, Hottkowitz T, Wiedermann G, Eibl H, Aspöck H. Cytotoxic activities of alkylphosphocholines against clinical isolates of Acanthamoeba spp. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002; 46:695-701. [PMID: 11850250 PMCID: PMC127497 DOI: 10.1128/aac.46.3.695-701.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Free-living amoebae of the genus Acanthamoeba are causing serious chronic conditions such as destructive keratitis in contact lens wearers or granulomatous amoebic encephalitis in individuals with compromised immune systems. Both are characterized by the lack of availability of sufficiently effective and uncomplicated, manageable treatments. Hexadecylphosphocholine (miltefosine) is licensed for use as a topical antineoplastic agent, but it is also active in vitro against several protozoan parasites, and it was applied very successfully for the treatment of human visceral leishmaniasis. The aim of our study was to evaluate the efficacy of hexadecylphosphocholine and other alkylphosphocholines (APCs) against Acanthamoeba spp. The in vitro activities of eight different APCs against three Acanthamoeba strains of various pathogenicities were determined. All substances showed at least amoebostatic effects, and some of them disrupted the amoebae, as shown by the release of cytoplasmic enzyme activity. Hexadecylphosphocholine exhibited the highest degree of cytotoxicity against trophozoites, resulting in complete cell death at a concentration as low as 40 microM, and also displayed significant cysticidal activity. Hexadecylphosphocholine may be a promising new candidate for the topical treatment of Acanthamoeba keratitis and, conceivably, even for the oral treatment of granulomatous amoebic encephalitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Walochnik
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Clinical Institute of Hygiene, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Gijsbers S, Asselberghs S, Herdewijn P, Van Veldhoven PP. 1-O-Hexadecyl-2-desoxy-2-amino-sn-glycerol, a substrate for human sphingosine kinase. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2002; 1580:1-8. [PMID: 11923095 DOI: 10.1016/s1388-1981(01)00166-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The substrate specificity of human sphingosine kinase was investigated using a bacterially expressed poly(His)-tagged protein. Only the D-erythro isomer of the sphingoid bases, sphinganine and sphingenine, was effectively phosphorylated. Long chain 1-alkanols, alkane-1,2-diols, 2-amino-1-alkanol or 1-amino-2-alkanol and short chain 2-amino-1,3-alkanediols were very poor substrates, indicating that the kinase is recognizing the chain length and the position of the amino and secondary hydroxy group. A free hydroxy group at carbon 3 is not a prerequisite, however, since 1-O-hexadecyl-2-desoxy-2-amino-sn-glycerol was an efficient substrate with an apparent K(m) value of 3.8 microM (versus 15.7 microM for sphingenine). This finding opens new perspectives to design sphingosine kinase inhibitors. It also calls for some caution since it cannot be excluded that this ether lipid analogue is formed from precursors that are frequently used in research on platelet activating factor or from phospholipid analogues which are less prone to degradation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Gijsbers
- Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Faculteit Geneeskunde, Departement Moleculaire Celbiologie, Afdeling Farmakologie, Herestraat, Belgium
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Danilov L, Chojnacki T. A simple procedure for preparing dolichyl monophosphate by the use of POCl3. FEBS Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(81)80392-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
28
|
Seifert K, Duchêne M, Wernsdorfer WH, Kollaritsch H, Scheiner O, Wiedermann G, Hottkowitz T, Eibl H. Effects of miltefosine and other alkylphosphocholines on human intestinal parasite Entamoeba histolytica. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2001; 45:1505-10. [PMID: 11302818 PMCID: PMC90496 DOI: 10.1128/aac.45.5.1505-1510.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica is the cause of amoebic dysentery and liver abscess. It is therefore responsible for significant morbidity and mortality in a number of countries. Infections with E. histolytica are treated with nitroimidazoles, primarily with metronidazole. At this time, there is a lack of useful alternative classes of substances for the treatment of invasive amoebiasis. Alkylphosphocholines (alkyl-PCs) such as hexadecyl-PC (miltefosine) were originally developed as antitumor agents, but recently they have been successfully used for the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis in humans. We examined hexadecyl-PC and several other alkyl-PCs with longer alkyl chains, with and without double bond(s), for their activity against two strains of E. histolytica. The compounds with the highest activity were oleyl-PC, octadecyl-PC, and nonadecenyl-PC, with 50% effective concentrations for 48 h of treatment between 15 and 21 microM for strain SFL-3 and between 73 and 98 microM for strain HM-1:IMSS. We also tested liposomal formulations of these alkyl-PCs and miltefosine. The alkyl-PC liposomes showed slightly lower activity, but are expected to be well tolerated. Liposomal formulations of oleyl-PC or closely related alkyl-PCs could be promising candidates for testing as broad-spectrum antiprotozoal and antitumor agents in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Seifert
- Division of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Curtis NJ, Ringo JM, Dowse HB. Morphology of the pupal heart, adult heart, and associated tissues in the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster. J Morphol 1999; 240:225-35. [PMID: 10367397 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-4687(199906)240:3<225::aid-jmor2>3.0.co;2-v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The early pupal heart of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster has recently been the subject of intense physiological and molecular work, yet it has not been well described, nor has it been compared with the heart of the adult fly. In the work reported here, the hearts of adults and early pupae of D. melanogaster were studied by scanning and transmission electron microscopy and by light microscopy. The hearts of adults and early pupae both consist of a tube of circular striated muscle one cell in thickness. The alary muscles, which suspend the heart, are more delicate in the adult compared to the early pupa. The pericardial cells in both early pupae and adults are connected to the heart by connective tissue radiating from the alary muscles or dorsal diaphragm. We confirm that four major changes occur in the heart during metamorphosis: 1) a conical chamber is formed de novo in the first and second abdominal segments; 2) the adult heart curves to conform to the contour of the abdomen; 3) a layer of longitudinal striated muscle appears on the ventral surface of the heart; 4) a fourth pair of ostia is added to the three already present in the early pupa; and note additionally that 5) the ostia appear as simple openings in the heart of the early pupa but are valve-like in the adult.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N J Curtis
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maine, Orono 04469-5751, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
A three-step synthesis of DL-alpha-tocopheryl-6-O-phosphorylcholine and its -6-O-phosphorylethanolamine homologue is described. The reaction pathway involves the conversion of DL-alpha-tocopherol to the corresponding 2-bromoethyl phosphate, hydrolytic cleavage of the remaining phosphorochloridate bond and treatment of the diester intermediate formed with either aqueous trimethylamine or ammonia to give the aminated target derivatives in good overall yields (61-67%). The compounds represent new models of ligated lipid mediators in which a vitamin E-unit is covalently bonded to a naturally occurring phospholipid fragment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S D Stamatov
- Department of Organic Chemical Technology, University of Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
van der Heiden AP, Goebbels D, Pijpers AP, Koole LH. A photochemical method for the surface modification of poly(etherurethanes) with phosphorylcholine-containing compounds to improve hemocompatibility. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH 1997; 37:282-90. [PMID: 9358323 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-4636(199711)37:2<282::aid-jbm19>3.0.co;2-g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorylcholine groups attached to polymer surfaces are known to improve hemocompatibility. A photochemical method is presented to couple phosphorylcholine-containing aryl azides to poly(etherurethane) surfaces (PEUs). Two aryl azides that consist of a photoactivatable 4-azidobenzoyl group, a short spacer chain, and a phosphorylcholine endgroup were synthesized. The two compounds differ only in the type of spacer used: triethylene glycol for compound 1 and hexanediol for compound 2. These compounds were physically adsorbed to PEU surfaces. Upon UV irradiation, reactive intermediates are formed that react with nucleophilic groups on the polymer surface. The modified surfaces showed decreased underwater contact angles, indicating that hydrophilic phosphorylcholine groups are present at the surface. ESCA measurements showed the presence of phosphorus and positively charged nitrogen atoms in the outermost polymer layers (analyzed depth about 50 A), which is a strong indication of the presence of phosphorylcholine groups. Hemocompatibility in vitro was tested with thrombin generation assays and platelet adhesion tests. In thrombin generation assays the clotting time of platelet-rich plasma in contact with the polymer surface is determined. Clotting times were clearly prolonged for the modified surfaces. Surfaces modified with compound 2 showed slightly higher clotting times than those modified with compound 1. Repeated surface modification with compound 2 further increased the clotting time. For the tested surfaces an increase in the clotting time corresponds to an increase in the concentration of phosphorylcholine groups at the surface (as measured by ESCA and contact angle). Platelet adhesion studies with scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that fewer platelets (showing less activation) adhered to the modified surfaces than to the unmodified polyurethane.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A P van der Heiden
- Center for Biomaterials Research, Maastricht University, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Kunze H, Bohn E, Eibl H. On the mechanism of lysophospholipase activity of secretory phospholipase A2 (EC 3.1.1.4): deacylation of monoacylphosphoglycerides by intrinsic sn-1 specificity and pH-dependent acyl migration in combination with sn-2 specificity. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1997; 1346:86-92. [PMID: 9187306 DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2760(97)00023-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We show for the first time that secreted low-molecular weight phospholipase A2 (EC 3.1.1.4) catalyzes the deacylation of monoacylphosphoglycerides directly from the sn-1 position, although at a very low rate: purified phospholipase A2 enzymes from bee venom, crotalus atrox venom, and porcine pancreas hydrolyze the sn-1 ester bond in 1-palmitoyl-2-O-methyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine. Hydrolytic rates with the corresponding isomer, 1-O-methyl-2-palmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine, are about 3-4 orders of magnitude higher. The similarities in Ca2+ requirement and inactivation profiles suggest that deacylation, albeit with different rates, from both sn-1 and sn-2 positions is catalyzed by the same catalytic site of phospholipase A2. Furthermore, evidence is provided that phospholipase A2-catalyzed 1-acyl lysophospholipid deacylation is mediated by sn-1-directed action, but above pH 7 acyl migration with subsequent enzyme-catalyzed hydrolytic cleavage from the sn-2 position contributes to the overall deacylation of monoacylphosphoglycerides, acyl migration becoming eventually the rate-limiting factor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Kunze
- Max-Planck-Institut für Experimentelle Medizin, Göttingen, Germany.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Das AK, Hajra AK. A novel chemical synthesis of 1-O-hexadecyl-rac-[2-3H]glycero-3-phosphorylethanolamine and a simple assay for plasmanyl desaturase. J Lipid Res 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2275(20)37473-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
|
34
|
Birault V, Pozzi G, Plobeck N, Eifler S, Schmutz M, Palanché T, Raya J, Brisson A, Nakatani Y, Ourisson G. Di(polyprenyl) Phosphates as Models for Primitive Membrane Constituents: Synthesis and Phase Properties. Chemistry 1996. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.19960020710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
35
|
Dowse H, Ringo J, Power J, Johnson E, Kinney K, White L. A congenital heart defect in Drosophila caused by an action-potential mutation. J Neurogenet 1995; 10:153-68. [PMID: 8719771 DOI: 10.3109/01677069509083461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The mutation no action potential (nap) induces arrhythmia in the heartbeat of Drosophila melanogaster larvae at temperatures above 20 degrees C; heartbeat becomes normally rhythmic again after a shift back to 20 degrees C. For this phenotype, napa is almost completely recessive to the wild type, napa also reduces the temperature-sensitivity of heart rate over a wide range of temperature, for this phenotype, napa is dominant over the wild type, napa causes reversible paralysis in adults by epistatic effects on the expression of paralyrica, a gene encoding a voltage-dependent sodium channel. However, the paramutation, which induces paralysis in adults at 29 degrees C, has no effect on larval heartbeat at temperatures between 20 degrees and 37.5 degrees C. The period gene, contra earlier reports, has no effect on heartbeat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Dowse
- Department of Zoology, University of Maine, Orono 04469-5751, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Clerc SG, Thompson TE. Permeability of dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine/dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine bilayer membranes with coexisting gel and liquid-crystalline phases. Biophys J 1995; 68:2333-41. [PMID: 7647237 PMCID: PMC1282143 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3495(95)80415-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The passive permeation of glucose and a small zwitterionic molecule, methyl-phosphoethanolamine, across two-component phospholipid bilayers (dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine (DMPC)/dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) mixtures) exhibit a maximum when gel domains and fluid domains coexist. The permeability data of the two-phase bilayers cannot be fitted to single-rate kinetics, but are consistent with a Gaussian distribution of rate constants. In pure DMPC and DPPC as well as in their mixtures, at the temperature of the maximum excess heat capacity, the logarithm of the average permeability rate constants are linearly correlated with the mole fraction of DPPC in the total system. In addition, in the 50:50 mixture, the excess heat capacity values as well as the apparent fractions of interfacial lipid correlate with the logarithm of the excess permeabilities in the two-phase region. These results suggest that small polar molecules can cross the membrane at the interface between gel and fluid domains at a much faster rate than through the homogeneous phases; the acyl chains located at the domain interface experience lateral density fluctuations that are inversely proportional to their average length, and large enough to allow rapid transmembrane diffusion of the solute molecules. The distribution of the permeability rate constants may reflect temporal and spatial fluctuations of the lipid composition at the phase boundaries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S G Clerc
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville 22908, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Snel MM, Marsh D. Membrane location of apocytochrome c and cytochrome c determined from lipid-protein spin exchange interactions by continuous wave saturation electron spin resonance. Biophys J 1994; 67:737-45. [PMID: 7948687 PMCID: PMC1225417 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3495(94)80534-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Apocytochrome c derived from horse heart cytochrome c was spin-labeled on the cysteine residue at position 14 or 17 in the N-terminal region of the primary sequence, and cytochrome c from yeast was spin-labeled on the single cysteine residue at sequence position 102 in the C-terminal region. The spin-labeled apocytochrome c and cytochrome c were bound to fluid bilayers composed of different negatively charged phospholipids that also contained phospholipid probes that were spin-labeled either in the headgroup or at different positions in the sn-2 acyl chain. The location of the spin-labeled cysteine residues on the lipid-bound proteins was determined relative to the spin-label positions in the different spin-labeled phospholipids by the influence of spin-spin interactions on the microwave saturation properties of the spin-label electron spin resonance spectra. The enhanced spin relaxation observed in the doubly labeled systems arises from Heisenberg spin exchange, which is determined by the accessibility of the spin-label group on the protein to that on the lipid. It is found that the labeled cysteine groups in horse heart apocytochrome c are located closest to the 14-C atom of the lipid acyl chain when the protein is bound to dimyristoyl- or dioleoyl-phosphatidylglycerol, and to that of the 5-C atom when the protein is bound to a dimyristoylphosphatidylglycerol/dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (15:85 mol/mol mixture. On binding to dioleoylphosphatidylglycerol, the labeled cysteine residue in yeast cytochrome c is located closest to the phospholipid headgroups but possibly between the polar group region and the 5-C atom of the acyl chains. These data determine the extent to which the different regions of the proteins are able to penetrate negatively charged phospholipid bilayers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M M Snel
- Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie, Abteilung Spektroskopie, Göttingen, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Synthesis of sulfur-substituted phosphatidylethanolamines and inhibition of protozoan cyclopropane fatty acid synthase. Tetrahedron Lett 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)91774-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
39
|
Yoneda K, Sasakura K, Tahara S, Iwasa J, Baba N, Kaneko T, Matsuo M. Chemoenzymatische Synthese optisch aktiver Hydroperoxide von Phosphatidylglycerin und -ethanolamin mit Lipase, Lipoxygenase und Phospholipase D. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1992. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.19921041020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
40
|
Zakim D, Eibl H. The influence of charge and the distribution of charge in the polar region of phospholipids on the activity of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase. J Biol Chem 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)42188-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
|
41
|
White LA, Ringo JM, Dowse HB. Effects of deuterium oxide and temperature on heart rate in Drosophila melanogaster. J Comp Physiol B 1992; 162:278-83. [PMID: 1319433 DOI: 10.1007/bf00357535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A non-intrusive optical technique has been developed to monitor heartbeat in late third-instar Drosophila larvae. Heartbeat in this insect is an oscillation that is not temperature compensated. Deuterium oxide lengthens the period of a number of high and low frequency oscillators and clocks in a variety of organisms. To determine whether deuterium affects heart rate, flies were raised on proteated and deuterated media and their heartbeat was monitored at four temperatures ranging from 18 to 33 degrees C. The rate of heartbeat increased linearly with increasing temperature, and decreased with increasing concentrations of deuterium. There was a significant interaction between temperature and deuterium: the higher the concentration of deuterium oxide the less temperature-sensitive was the heart rate. Raising temperatures also increased the amount of "noise" in the rhythm: signal-to-noise ratio, which characterizes the amount of power in a rhythmic signal, decreased with increasing temperatures. Deuterium oxide had no effect on signal-to-noise ratio.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L A White
- Department of Zoology, University of Maine, Orono 04469
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
|
43
|
Staatz I, Roth HJ. Synthese und Aggregationsverhalten chiraler Phospholipide mit Pantoinsäure-C-Gerüst. European J Org Chem 1989. [DOI: 10.1002/jlac.198919890112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
44
|
Schott H, Leitner B, Schwendener RA, Hengartner H. Chromatography of functionalized liposomes and their components. J Chromatogr A 1988; 441:115-24. [PMID: 3403675 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)84659-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The antitumour drug 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (ara C) was acylated by means of oleic acid anhydride, resulting in the prodrug N4-oleoyl-ara C. Together with a lipophilic biotin derivative, this lipophilic prodrug was incorporated into the bilayer membrane of unilamellar liposomes prepared by means of the detergent dialysis method. On addition of these biotinylated prodrug-liposomes to an excess of avidin, biotin residues were complexed with avidin. The unreacted avidin was removed by chromatography on the Ultrogel AcA-22 column. The prodrug-liposome-avidin complex was coupled to biotinylated monoclonal antibodies through the free binding sites of the immobilized avidin. Unreacted antibodies were removed by chromatography on an Ultrogel AcA-22 column. In vitro, the liposome-antibody complexes selectively bound to cells which were recognized by the monoclonal antibodies linked to the liposomes. For this reason, a promising strategy towards a specific chemotherapy of cancer is expected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Schott
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, F.R.G
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Zakim D, Cantor M, Eibl H. Phospholipids and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase. Structure/function relationships. J Biol Chem 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)60694-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
|
46
|
Chromatographic purification steps involved in the synthesis of prodrug-liposome-antibody-complexes. Chromatographia 1988. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02316446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
47
|
Meier P, Ohmes E, Kothe G. Multipulse dynamic nuclear magnetic resonance of phospholipid membranes. J Chem Phys 1986. [DOI: 10.1063/1.450931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
48
|
Vaz WL, Hallmann D, Clegg RM, Gambacorta A, De Rosa M. A comparison of the translational diffusion of a normal and a membrane-spanning lipid in L alpha phase 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine bilayers. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL : EBJ 1985; 12:19-24. [PMID: 3924584 DOI: 10.1007/bf00254091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We have used the fluorescence recovery after photobleaching technique to study the translational diffusion, in L alpha phase multibilayers of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine (POPC), of fluorescent derivatives of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylphosphatidylethanolamine (NBD-POPE) and a membrane-spanning phosphatidylethanolamine (NBD-MSPE). The latter derivative was prepared from a membrane-spanning glycerol-dialkyl-glycerol tetraether lipid isolated from the thermophilic and acidophilic archaebacterium Sulfolobus solfataricus. The translational diffusion was examined between about 15 degrees and 45 degrees C. It is shown that over this temperature range the translational diffusion coefficient for NBD-MSPE is approximately 2/3 that for NBD-POPE which spans only one monolayer of the bilayer. The result is interpreted in terms of existing models for translational diffusion in lipid membranes.
Collapse
|
49
|
|
50
|
Criado M, Eibl H, Barrantes FJ. Functional properties of the acetylcholine receptor incorporated in model lipid membranes. Differential effects of chain length and head group of phospholipids on receptor affinity states and receptor-mediated ion translocation. J Biol Chem 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)47283-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
|