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Exton JH. The roles of calcium and phosphoinositides in the mechanisms of alpha 1-adrenergic and other agonists. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 2005; 111:117-224. [PMID: 2906170 DOI: 10.1007/bfb0033873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Wallace DP, Reif G, Hedge AM, Thrasher JB, Pietrow P. Adrenergic regulation of salt and fluid secretion in human medullary collecting duct cells. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2004; 287:F639-48. [PMID: 15226157 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00448.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Transepithelial salt and fluid secretion mediated by cAMP in initial inner medullary collecting ducts (IMCDi) may be important for making final adjustments to urine composition. We examined in primary cultures of human IMCDi cells the effects of adrenergic receptor (AR) agonists and antagonists on intracellular cAMP levels, short-circuit current (I(SC)), and fluid secretion. Epinephrine (1 microM), norepinephrine (1 microM), and isoproterenol (10 nM) individually increased intracellular cAMP levels 57-, 2-, and 25-fold, respectively, and stimulated I(SC) 3.3-, 2.9-, and 3.4-fold, respectively. beta-AR activation increased net fluid secretion by cultured human IMCDi cell monolayers from 0.09 +/- 0.04 to 0.26 +/- 0.05 microl x h(-1) x cm(-2) and freshly isolated rat IMCDi from 0.02 +/- 0.01 to 0.09 +/- 0.02 nl x h(-1) x mm(-1). In monolayers, these effects were eliminated by blocking beta2-AR, but not beta1-AR. Activation of alpha2-AR with guanabenz inhibited isoproterenol-induced I(SC) by 37% in human IMCDi monolayers and fluid secretion by 91% in rat IMCDi. Immunohistochemistry of human medullary tissue sections revealed greater expression of beta2-AR than beta1-AR; beta2-AR was localized to the basolateral membranes of human IMCDi. Immunoblots identified alpha2A-AR and alpha2B-AR in cultured human IMCDi cell monolayers. We conclude that 1) catecholamines stimulate cAMP-dependent anion and fluid secretion by IMCDi cells primarily through beta2-AR activation and 2) alpha2-AR activation attenuates cAMP-dependent anion secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren P Wallace
- Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
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Fraser CM, Lee NH, Pellegrino SM, Kerlavage AR. Molecular properties and regulation of G-protein-coupled receptors. PROGRESS IN NUCLEIC ACID RESEARCH AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1994; 49:113-56. [PMID: 7863005 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6603(08)60049-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C M Fraser
- Institute for Genomic Research, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878
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Falcón J, Thibault C, Martin C, Brun-Marmillon J, Claustrat B, Collin JP. Regulation of melatonin production by catecholamines and adenosine in a photoreceptive pineal organ. An in vitro study in the pike and the trout. J Pineal Res 1991; 11:123-34. [PMID: 1795221 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.1991.tb00467.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The pineal organ of fish contains photoreceptor cells with structural and functional analogies to retinal photoreceptors. In these cells, the light/dark (LD) cycle influences the production of melatonin by controlling the activity of one of its synthetizing enzymes, serotonin N-acetyltransferase (NAT). The daily rhythm in NAT activity is generated endogenously in the pike but not in the trout pineal. We report here that in addition to the LD information, chemical factors are also involved in the control of melatonin production. Adenosine and two of its analogs stimulated or inhibited NAT activity and melatonin release in cultured pike and trout pineals, depending on the experimental conditions. It is believed that the nucleoside, produced locally, exerts a modulatory role on the neurohormonal output via still enigmatic mechanisms, involving a transmembranous carrier. Nocturnal melatonin production in cultured pike pineals was inhibited by alpha-adrenergic agonists and stimulated by a beta-adrenergic agonist. No effect could be induced in trout pineals cultured under similar conditions. Because melatonin production by pineal photoreceptors is apparently regulated by both light and chemical inputs, we propose they might be multieffector cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Falcón
- Laboratoire de Neurobiologie et Neuroendocrinologie Cellulaires, Faculté des Sciences Fondamentales et Appliquées, Poitiers, France
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Wenthold RJ, Altschuler RA, Hampson DR. Immunocytochemistry of neurotransmitter receptors. JOURNAL OF ELECTRON MICROSCOPY TECHNIQUE 1990; 15:81-96. [PMID: 2159989 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.1060150108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Over the last several years our knowledge of neurotransmitter receptors has increased dramatically as receptor types and subtypes have been identified through the development of selective antagonists, neuropharmacological studies, and radioactive ligand binding studies. At the same time major advances were made in the immunocytochemical localization of neurotransmitters and their related enzymes. However, only recently has immunocytochemistry been used to localize neurotransmitter receptors, and these studies have been limited. Four receptors have been localized in the CNS with immunocytochemistry: the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, the beta-adrenergic receptor, the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor, and the glycine receptor. Of these the glycine receptor has been the most thoroughly characterized. Glycine receptor immunoreactivity is highly concentrated at postsynaptic sites, and the distribution of immunoreactivity appears to correlate closely with glycinergic neurons. However, immunocytochemical studies done on other receptors suggest such a distribution may not always be the case. Some receptors may not be concentrated at postsynaptic sites, and receptor distribution may not always closely fit the distribution of the respective neurotransmitter. Work is rapidly progressing on the purification of other receptors and on the production of selective antibodies which will allow immunocytochemical studies which address these and other questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Wenthold
- Laboratory of Neuro-Otolaryngology, National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
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Affiliation(s)
- J C McGrath
- Autonomic Physiology Unit, University of Glasgow, Scotland
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Jaiswal RK, Marshak DR, Sharma RK. Molecular comparison of alpha 2-adrenergic receptors from rat adrenocortical carcinoma and human blood platelet. Mol Cell Biochem 1989; 86:41-53. [PMID: 2547152 DOI: 10.1007/bf00231688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We have previously described a simple two-step purification technique to isolate alpha 2-adrenergic receptors from the rat adrenocortical carcinoma (Jaiswal, R. K. and Sharma, R. K. (1985) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 130, 58-64). Utilizing this technique we have now achieved approximately 77,000-fold purification to apparent homogeneity of alpha 2-adrenergic receptors from human platelets. We have compared the biochemical characteristics of these receptors with those from the rat, which were purified approximately 40,000-fold to homogeneity. The [125I] receptor proteins from two sources showed: (a) a single radioactive band with a Mr of 64,000 as evidenced by one- and two-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE); and (b) a single symmetrical peak with a pI of 4.2 by isoelectric focusing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Both proteins showed typical alpha 2-adrenergic binding characteristics with specific binding activities of 13.85 nmol/mg and 14.17 nmol/mg protein. These values are close to the theoretical binding activity of 15.6 nmol/mg protein for 1 mol of the ligand binding 1 mol of the receptor protein. These results attest to the purity of the receptors, to its Mr of 64,000, and to its acidic nature. However, the peptide maps of the radioiodinated alpha 2-adrenergic receptors from rat adrenocortical carcinoma and human blood platelets reveal some distinct differences which may relate to the differences in the pharmacological specificities between rodent and non-rodent alpha 2-adrenergic receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Jaiswal
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Tennessee, Memphis 38163
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Altin JG, Bygrave FL. Second messengers and the regulation of Ca2+ fluxes by Ca2+-mobilizing agonists in rat liver. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 1988; 63:551-611. [PMID: 3058220 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-185x.1988.tb00670.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Abstract
This review focusses on the roles that membrane receptors and their transducers play in the physiology and pathology of the gastrointestinal tract. The multifactorial regulation of [correction] mucosal growth and function is discussed in relation to the heterogeneity of exocrine and endocrine populations that originate from progenitor cells in stomach and intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Gespach
- INSERM U.55, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
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Venter JC, Fraser CM, Chung FZ, Kerlavage AR, Robinson DA, Gocayne JD, FitzGerald MG. Cloning and expression of adrenergic and muscarinic cholinergic receptor genes. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1988; 236:173-80. [PMID: 3239485 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4757-5971-6_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J C Venter
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD 20892
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Gocayne J, Robinson DA, FitzGerald MG, Chung FZ, Kerlavage AR, Lentes KU, Lai J, Wang CD, Fraser CM, Venter JC. Primary structure of rat cardiac beta-adrenergic and muscarinic cholinergic receptors obtained by automated DNA sequence analysis: further evidence for a multigene family. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1987; 84:8296-300. [PMID: 2825184 PMCID: PMC299529 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.84.23.8296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Two cDNA clones, lambda RHM-MF and lambda RHB-DAR, encoding the muscarinic cholinergic receptor and the beta-adrenergic receptor, respectively, have been isolated from a rat heart cDNA library. The cDNA clones were characterized by restriction mapping and automated DNA sequence analysis utilizing fluorescent dye primers. The rat heart muscarinic receptor consists of 466 amino acids and has a calculated molecular weight of 51,543. The rat heart beta-adrenergic receptor consists of 418 amino acids and has a calculated molecular weight of 46,890. The two cardiac receptors have substantial amino acid homology (27.2% identity, 50.6% with favored substitutions). The rat cardiac beta receptor has 88.0% homology (92.5% with favored substitutions) with the human brain beta receptor and the rat cardiac muscarinic receptor has 94.6% homology (97.6% with favored substitutions) with the porcine cardiac muscarinic receptor. The muscarinic cholinergic and beta-adrenergic receptors appear to be as conserved as hemoglobin and cytochrome c but less conserved than histones and are clearly members of a multigene family. These data support our hypothesis, based upon biochemical and immunological evidence, that suggests considerable structural homology and evolutionary conservation between adrenergic and muscarinic cholinergic receptors. To our knowledge, this is the first report utilizing automated DNA sequence analysis to determine the structure of a gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Gocayne
- Section of Receptor Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD 20892
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Hampson DR, Poduslo SE. Comparisons of proteins and glycoproteins in neuronal plasma membranes, axolemma, synaptic membranes, and oligodendroglial plasma membranes. J Neurosci Res 1987; 17:277-84. [PMID: 3599099 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.490170312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Neuronal membranes are unique in that they consist of several functionally distinct segments: the perikaryal plasma membrane, the axolemma, the synaptic membrane, and the dendritic membrane. Methods are now available to isolate the first three types of membranes as well as to isolate oligodendroglial plasma membranes. The protein and glycoprotein compositions for each set of membranes were analyzed by silver staining after separation by SDS polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis and by radiolabeled lectin binding to glycoproteins transferred to nitrocellulose. Analysis of the composition of each set of membranes reveals that they are all complex structures consisting of heterogeneous mixtures of proteins and glycoproteins, ranging in molecular weights from greater than 200,000 to 15,000. Each membrane fraction presents a unique pattern of staining and of lectin binding. As there were proteins and glycoproteins in common among the membranes, there were also differences. Synaptic membranes and axolemma appeared to have more proteins of higher molecular weight than the other membranes. Neuronal plasma membranes had a major concanavalin A binding glycoprotein at 79 kDa, which was not found in the other membranes. The three neuronal membrane fractions had a common wheat germ agglutinin binding glycoprotein at 82 kDa. The most interesting finding was the intense binding of neuronal plasma membrane glycoproteins to Ulex europaeus, suggesting high levels of fucose-containing glycoproteins.
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Lanier SM, Graham RM, Hess HJ, Grodski A, Repaske MG, Nunnari JM, Limbird LE, Homcy CJ. Photoaffinity labeling of the porcine brain alpha 2-adrenergic receptor using a radioiodinated arylazide derivative of rauwolscine: identification of the hormone-binding subunit. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1986; 83:9358-62. [PMID: 3025837 PMCID: PMC387137 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.83.24.9358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A functionalized derivative of the alpha 2-selective antagonist rauwolscine formed the basis for a photoaffinity adduct that has allowed identification of the hormone-binding subunit of the brain alpha 2-adrenergic receptor protein. Rauwolscine carboxylate underwent reaction with 4-N-t-butyloxycarbonyl-aminoaniline, leading to the synthesis of rauwolscine 4-aminophenyl carboxamide (Rau-AmPC). Rau-AmPC was radioiodinated and converted to the arylazide derivative, 17 alpha-hydroxy-20 alpha-yohimban-16 beta-[N-(4-azido-3-[125I]iodo)phenyl] carboxamide (125I-Rau-AzPC), via a diazonium salt intermediate. The characterization of 125I-Rau-AzPC as a photolabile probe employed alpha 2-adrenergic receptors, which were first solubilized from porcine brain membranes and partially purified by affinity chromatography utilizing a yohimbine-agarose affinity matrix. In the partially purified receptor preparation incubated with 125I-Rau-AzPC, photolysis resulted in covalent labeling of a major (Mr, 62,000) peptide as determined by NaDodSO4/PAGE and autoradiography. Labeling of this peptide was inhibited by the alpha 2-selective antagonist, yohimbine, and the non-subtype-selective alpha-antagonist, phentolamine, but not by the alpha 1-antagonist, prazosin, or the beta-receptor antagonist, (-)-alprenolol. The alpha-adrenergic agonist epinephrine also inhibited labeling in a stereoselective manner. These data indicate that the photolabeled Mr 62,000 peptide is the hormone-binding subunit of the alpha 2-adrenergic receptor protein. The availability of this radioiodinated photoaffinity probe for the alpha 2-adrenergic receptor should facilitate further structural and biophysical characterization of the receptor protein.
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Kerlavage AR, Fraser CM, Chung FZ, Venter JC. Molecular structure and evolution of adrenergic and cholinergic receptors. Proteins 1986; 1:287-301. [PMID: 3329731 DOI: 10.1002/prot.340010403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A R Kerlavage
- Section of Receptor Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
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Lomasney JW, Leeb-Lundberg LM, Cotecchia S, Regan JW, DeBernardis JF, Caron MG, Lefkowitz RJ. Mammalian alpha 1-adrenergic receptor. Purification and characterization of the native receptor ligand binding subunit. J Biol Chem 1986. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)57458-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Regan JW, Nakata H, DeMarinis RM, Caron MG, Lefkowitz RJ. Purification and characterization of the human platelet alpha 2-adrenergic receptor. J Biol Chem 1986. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)35731-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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